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32 (nùmer)
0
16394
152575
152340
2022-08-16T19:23:52Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
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|bticona1=[[File:Stemma Carpi.png|16px]]
|ps1=
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{{dialort | dial=Carpśàn}}
''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''32''', mo invéci 'l '''[[32|an 32]]''' edla [[nostra éra]], 't ê da 'ndèr [[32|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''32''' ('''treintadū''', ''trentadue'' in [[itagliàṅ]], ''triginta duo'' in [[latèin]]) 'l è al [[nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[31 (nùmer)|31 (treintùn)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[33 (nùmer)|33 (treintatrī)]]. In dla numerasiòun di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrìt '''XXXII'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tōś al '''treintaduéśim''' post.
==Proprietê matemàtichi==
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer pèra]].<br><br>
* Al '''32''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send al dòpi dal [[16 (nùmer)|16]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>32 = 2\cdot 2 \cdot 2\cdot 2 \cdot 2 = 2^5 </math><br><br>
* 'L è la quìnta [[potèinsa]] dal [[2 (nùmer)|2]], al 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di nùmer quìnta potèinsa ed [[nùmer naturèl]]:<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A000584/list 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] di nùmer quìnta potèinsa ed [[nùmer naturèl]] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]''.</ref><br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[32 (nùmer)|32]], [[243 (nùmer)|243]], [[1024 (nùmer)|1024]], 3125, 7776, 16807, 32768, 59049, 100000, 161051, 248832, 371293 ...<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A000584 Sequèinsa OEIS A000584] di nùmer quìnta potèinsa ed nùmer naturèl, in dla réda.</ref><br>e cla proprietê chè la s pōl anca scrìver:<br><math>\log_2 32=5</math><br>([[Logarìtem|Logarìt'm]] in dla bêś 2 dal '''32''' 'l è al 5, a dir che 'l [[esponèint]] da dèr a 'l 2 p'r avér al '''32''', 'l è 'l 5)<br><br>
* Al fa pèrt edla séri 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la moltìplica 'd 5 [[nùmer prim]], anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr,<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A014614/list 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la [[moltìplica]] 'd 5 [[nùmer prim]], anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr, in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><br>séri ciamèda anca di [[nùmer quèśi prim]], indû, in cal chèś chè, a s descòr ed [[nùmer 5-quèśi prim]]:<ref>{{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlmostPrime.html La spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer quèśi prim]] in dal sit ''mathworld.wolfram.com''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A014614 Sequèinsa OEIS A014614] 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la moltìplica 'd 5 nùmer prim, anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr.</ref><br>[[32 (nùmer)|32]], [[48 (nùmer)|48]], [[72 (nùmer)|72]], [[80 (nùmer)|80]], [[108 (nùmer)|108]], [[112 (nùmer)|112]], [[120 (nùmer)|120]], [[162 (nùmer)|162]], [[168 (nùmer)|168]], [[176 (nùmer)|176]], [[180 (nùmer)|180]], [[200 (nùmer)|200]], [[208 (nùmer)|208]], [[243 (nùmer)|243]], [[252 (nùmer)|252]], [[264 (nùmer)|264]], [[270 (nùmer)|270]], [[272 (nùmer)|272]], [[280 (nùmer)|280]], [[300 (nùmer)|300]] ...<br><br>
* Al 32 al gh'à 6 [[diviśōr]]: [[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[2 (nùmer)|2]], [[4 (nùmer)|4]], [[8 (nùmer)|8]], [[16 (nùmer)|16]], 32.<br>Send che la [[sòma]] di só [[diviśōr|diviśōr pròpi]] l'è più cìca che lò stès:<br>''1+2+4+8+16 = 31 < 32'', dòunca 'l '''32''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer difetìv]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100/b005100.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gròs] di [[nùmer difetìv]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 Sequèinsa OEIS A005100] di nùmer difetìv in dal ''web''.</ref><br><br>
* 'L è 'l 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer 31-gonèl sentrê]], gnend dop edl [[1 (nùmer)|1]] e prìma dal [[94 (nùmer)|94]]:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[32 (nùmer)|32]], [[94 (nùmer)|94]], [[187 (nùmer)|187]], [[311 (nùmer)|311]], [[466 (nùmer)|466]], [[652 (nùmer)|652]], [[869 (nùmer)|869]], [[1117 (nùmer)|1117]], [[1396 (nùmer)|1396]], [[1706 (nùmer)|1706]], 2047, 2419, 2822, 3256, 3721, 4217 ...<br><br>
[[File:Regular polygon 32.svg|thumb|right|180px|Al polìgon regolèr cun 32 cô.]]
* 'L è 'l 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer 32-gonèl]], gnend dop edl [[1 (nùmer)|1]] e prìma dal [[93 (nùmer)|93]]:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[32 (nùmer)|32]], [[93 (nùmer)|93]], [[184 (nùmer)|184]], [[305 (nùmer)|305]], [[456 (nùmer)|456]], [[637 (nùmer)|637]], [[848 (nùmer)|848]], [[1089 (nùmer)|1089]], [[1360 (nùmer)|1360]], [[1661 (nùmer)|1661]], [[1992 (nùmer)|1992]], 2353, 2744, 3165, 3616, 4097 ...<br><br>
* 'L è 'l 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer piramidèl 31-gonèl]], gnend dop edl [[1 (nùmer)|1]] e prìma dal [[122 (nùmer)|122]]:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[32 (nùmer)|32]], [[122 (nùmer)|122]], [[300 (nùmer)|300]], [[595 (nùmer)|595]], [[1036 (nùmer)|1036]], [[1652 (nùmer)|1652]], 2472, 3525, 4840, 6446, 8372, 10647, 13300, 16360, 19856 ...<br><br>
==Proprietê [[Giometrìa|giomètrichi]]==
==Al nùmer 32 in dla [[Chìmica]]==
Al '''32''' 'l è al [[nùmer atómic|nùm'r atómic]] dal [[germàni|germàni (Ge)]].
==I sìmbol dal nùmer 32==
====In dla śmòrfia ed [[Napol]]====
In dla [[śmòrfia]], al nùmer '''32''' al vōl dìr "al capitòun" ('''o capitone'' in [[napoletàṅ]]).
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer quèśi prim]]
* [[nùmer difetìv]]
* [[nùmer 31-gonèl sentrê]]
* [[nùmer 32-gonèl]]
* [[nùmer piramidèl 31-gonèl]]
==Referèinsi==
{{references}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:32 (number)|wikt=en:treintadū}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A014614 La sequèinsa OEIS A014614] di [[nùmer quèśi prim|nùmer 5-quèśi prim]] in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlmostPrime.html La spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer quèśi prim]] in dal sit ''mathworld.wolfram.com''.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]'' in dla réda.
* {{en}} [https://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''Prime Glossary''.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/DeficientNumber.html I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''MathWorld''.
* {{en}} [https://planetmath.org/DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''PlanetMath''.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/CenteredPolygonalNumber.html Soquànti spiegasiòun] in sìm'ai [[nùmer poligonèl sentrê]] in dal sit ''mathworld.com''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
|sel=1
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{{DEFAULTSORT:0000000032}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer potèinsa dal 2]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 5-quèśi prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer difetìv]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 31-gonèl sentrê]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 32-gonèl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer piramidèl 31-gonèl]]
d1jlhxfvqdbbowqfmhqid0s6q3uhezh
62 (nùmer)
0
17143
152576
151587
2022-08-16T20:11:36Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
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|bt1=Carpśàn
|bticona1=[[File:Stemma Carpi.png|16px]]
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''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''62''', mo invéci 'l '''[[62|an 62]]''' edla [[nostra éra]], 't ê da 'ndèr [[62|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''62''' ('''ssantadū''', ''sessantadue'' in [[itagliàn|itagliàṅ]], ''sexaginta duo'' in [[latèin]]) 'l è al [[nómmer|nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[61 (nùmer)|61 (ssantùn)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[63 (nùmer)|63 (ssantatrī)]]. In dla numerasiòun di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrìt '''LXII'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tóś al '''ssantaduéśim''' post.
==Proprietê [[Matemâtica|matemàtichi]] dal 62==
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer pèra]].<br><br>
* Al '''62''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send la [[moltìplica]] dal [[2 (nùmer)|2]] col [[31 (nùmer)|31]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>62 = 2\cdot 31 </math>
** al 12<sup>śim</sup> edla séri dal moltìplichi per [[2 (nùmer)|2]] di [[nùmer prim]], tolt dèinter anc al 2 stès:<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001747/b001747.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] di nùmer moltìplichi per [[2 (nùmer)|2]] di [[nùmer prim]], tolt dèinter anc al stès 2, in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]''.</ref><br>[[2 (nùmer)|2]], [[4 (nùmer)|4]], [[6 (nùmer)|6]], [[10 (nùmer)|10]], [[14 (nùmer)|14]], [[22 (nùmer)|22]], [[26 (nùmer)|26]], [[34 (nùmer)|34]], [[38 (nùmer)|38]], [[46 (nùmer)|46]], [[58 (nùmer)|58]], [[62 (nùmer)|62]], [[74 (nùmer)|74]], [[82 (nùmer)|82]], [[86 (nùmer)|86]], [[94 (nùmer)|94]], [[106 (nùmer)|106]], [[118 (nùmer)|118]], [[122 (nùmer)|122]], [[134 (nùmer)|134]] ...<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001747 Sequèinsa OEIS A001747] dal moltìplichi per 2 di nùmer prim, tolt dèinter anc al stès 2.</ref>
** al 1<sup>im</sup> edla sequèinsa di nùmer moltìplica per [[31 (nùmer)|31]] 'd un nùmer prim:<br>[[62 (nùmer)|62]], [[93 (nùmer)|93]], [[155 (nùmer)|155]], [[217 (nùmer)|217]], [[341 (nùmer)|341]], [[403 (nùmer)|403]], [[527 (nùmer)|527]], [[589 (nùmer)|589]], [[713 (nùmer)|713]], [[899 (nùmer)|899]], [[961 (nùmer)|961]], [[1147 (nùmer)|1147]], [[1271 (nùmer)|1271]], [[1333 (nùmer)|1333]], [[1457 (nùmer)|1457]], [[1643 (nùmer)|1643]] ...<br><br>
* Send la [[sòma]] di só [[diviśōr]] più cìca ed lò stès,<br>'' 1 + 2 + 31 = 34 < 62'', dòunca 'l '''62''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer difetìv]].<br><br>
* 'L è 'l 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 62-gonèl]], gnend dop edl [[1 (nùmer)|1]] e prìma dal [[183 (nùmer)|183]]:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[62 (nùmer)|62]], [[183 (nùmer)|183]], [[364 (nùmer)|364]], [[605 (nùmer)|605]], [[906 (nùmer)|906]], [[1267 (nùmer)|1267]], [[1688 (nùmer)|1688]], 2169, 2710, 3311, 3972, 4693, 5474, 6315, 7216 ...<br><br>
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer nontotiìnt]].<br><br>
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer 'd Ulam]].<br><br>
[[File:Regular polygon 62.svg|thumb|right|185px|Al [[polìgon]] regolèr cun 62 [[cô (giometrìa)|cô]].]]
==Proprietê [[giometrìa|giomètrichi]]==
==Al nùmer 62 in dla [[Chìmica]]==
Al '''62''' 'l è al [[nùmer atómic|nùm'r atómic]] dal [[samàri|samàri (Sm)]], ùn di [[lantànid]].
==I simbol dal nùmer 62==
====In dla śmòrfia ed [[Napol]]====
In dla [[śmòrfia]], al nùmer '''62''' al vōl dìr "Al mort masê" ('''O muorto acciso'' in [[napoletàṅ]]).
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nómmer|nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer semiprìm]]
* [[nùmer difetìv]]
* [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 62-gonèl]]
* [[nùmer nontotiìnt]]
* [[nùmer 'd Ulam]]
==Referèinsi==
{{references}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:62 (number)|wikt=en:ssantadū}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 La sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dla réda.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlmostPrime.html La spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer quèśi prim]] in dal sit ''mathworld.wolfram.com''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
|sel=1
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:0000000062}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 2 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 31 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer semiprìm]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer difetìv]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 62-gonèl]]
lht0008u7g0ejazg1k6yrr4eiled990
152593
152576
2022-08-17T10:38:11Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
|id=0
|color=
|bt1=Carpśàn
|bticona1=[[File:Stemma Carpi.png|16px]]
|ps1=
__NOTOC__
{{dialort | dial=Carpśàn}}
''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''62''', mo invéci 'l '''[[62|an 62]]''' edla [[nostra éra]], 't ê da 'ndèr [[62|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''62''' ('''ssantadū''', ''sessantadue'' in [[itagliàn|itagliàṅ]], ''sexaginta duo'' in [[latèin]]) 'l è al [[nómmer|nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[61 (nùmer)|61 (ssantùn)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[63 (nùmer)|63 (ssantatrī)]]. In dla numerasiòun di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrìt '''LXII'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tóś al '''ssantaduéśim''' post.
==Proprietê [[Matemâtica|matemàtichi]] dal 62==
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer pèra]].<br><br>
* Al '''62''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send la [[moltìplica]] dal [[2 (nùmer)|2]] col [[31 (nùmer)|31]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>62 = 2\cdot 31 </math>
** al 12<sup>śim</sup> edla séri dal moltìplichi per [[2 (nùmer)|2]] di [[nùmer prim]], tolt dèinter anc al 2 stès:<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001747/b001747.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] di nùmer moltìplichi per [[2 (nùmer)|2]] di [[nùmer prim]], tolt dèinter anc al stès 2, in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]''.</ref><br>[[2 (nùmer)|2]], [[4 (nùmer)|4]], [[6 (nùmer)|6]], [[10 (nùmer)|10]], [[14 (nùmer)|14]], [[22 (nùmer)|22]], [[26 (nùmer)|26]], [[34 (nùmer)|34]], [[38 (nùmer)|38]], [[46 (nùmer)|46]], [[58 (nùmer)|58]], [[62 (nùmer)|62]], [[74 (nùmer)|74]], [[82 (nùmer)|82]], [[86 (nùmer)|86]], [[94 (nùmer)|94]], [[106 (nùmer)|106]], [[118 (nùmer)|118]], [[122 (nùmer)|122]], [[134 (nùmer)|134]] ...<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001747 Sequèinsa OEIS A001747] dal moltìplichi per 2 di nùmer prim, tolt dèinter anc al stès 2.</ref>
** al 1<sup>im</sup> edla sequèinsa di nùmer moltìplica per [[31 (nùmer)|31]] 'd un nùmer prim:<br>[[62 (nùmer)|62]], [[93 (nùmer)|93]], [[155 (nùmer)|155]], [[217 (nùmer)|217]], [[341 (nùmer)|341]], [[403 (nùmer)|403]], [[527 (nùmer)|527]], [[589 (nùmer)|589]], [[713 (nùmer)|713]], [[899 (nùmer)|899]], [[961 (nùmer)|961]], [[1147 (nùmer)|1147]], [[1271 (nùmer)|1271]], [[1333 (nùmer)|1333]], [[1457 (nùmer)|1457]], [[1643 (nùmer)|1643]] ...<br><br>
* Send al 62 la moltìplica ed du [[nùmer prim]]:<br>''62 = 2 x 31'', dòunca 'l '''62''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer semiprìm]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 Sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dla réda.</ref><br><br>
* Send che la [[sòma]] di só [[diviśōr|diviśōr pròpi]] l'è più cìca che lò stès:<br>'' 1 + 2 + 31 = 34 < 62'', dòunca 'l '''62''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer difetìv]]:<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100/b005100.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gròs] di [[nùmer difetìv]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><br>... [[61 (nùmer)|61]], [[62 (nùmer)|62]], [[63 (nùmer)|63]], [[64 (nùmer)|64]], [[65 (nùmer)|65]], [[67 (nùmer)|67]], [[68 (nùmer)|68]], [[69 (nùmer)|69]], [[71 (nùmer)|71]], [[73 (nùmer)|73]], [[74 (nùmer)|74]], [[75 (nùmer)|75]], [[76 (nùmer)|76]], [[77 (nùmer)|77]], [[79 (nùmer)|79]], [[81 (nùmer)|81]], [[82 (nùmer)|82]], [[83 (nùmer)|83]], [[85 (nùmer)|85]], [[86 (nùmer)|86]], [[87 (nùmer)|87]], [[89 (nùmer)|89]] ...<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 Sequèinsa OEIS A005100] di nùmer difetìv in dal ''web''.</ref><br><br>
* 'L è 'l 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 62-gonèl]], gnend dop edl [[1 (nùmer)|1]] e prìma dal [[183 (nùmer)|183]]:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[62 (nùmer)|62]], [[183 (nùmer)|183]], [[364 (nùmer)|364]], [[605 (nùmer)|605]], [[906 (nùmer)|906]], [[1267 (nùmer)|1267]], [[1688 (nùmer)|1688]], 2169, 2710, 3311, 3972, 4693, 5474, 6315, 7216 ...<br><br>
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer nontotiìnt]].<br><br>
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer 'd Ulam]].<br><br>
[[File:Regular polygon 62.svg|thumb|right|185px|Al [[polìgon]] regolèr cun 62 [[cô (giometrìa)|cô]].]]
==Proprietê [[giometrìa|giomètrichi]]==
==Al nùmer 62 in dla [[Chìmica]]==
Al '''62''' 'l è al [[nùmer atómic|nùm'r atómic]] dal [[samàri|samàri (Sm)]], ùn di [[lantànid]].
==I simbol dal nùmer 62==
====In dla śmòrfia ed [[Napol]]====
In dla [[śmòrfia]], al nùmer '''62''' al vōl dìr "Al mort masê" ('''O muorto acciso'' in [[napoletàṅ]]).
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nómmer|nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer semiprìm]]
* [[nùmer difetìv]]
* [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 62-gonèl]]
* [[nùmer nontotiìnt]]
* [[nùmer 'd Ulam]]
==Referèinsi==
{{references}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:62 (number)|wikt=en:ssantadū}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 La sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dla réda.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlmostPrime.html La spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer quèśi prim]] in dal sit ''mathworld.wolfram.com''.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]'' in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''Prime Glossary''.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/DeficientNumber.html I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''MathWorld''.
* {{en}} [https://planetmath.org/DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''PlanetMath''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
|sel=1
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:0000000062}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 2 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 31 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer semiprìm]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer difetìv]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 62-gonèl]]
m75benv9zac0ribl431q7npxavifzws
63 (nùmer)
0
17144
152569
151580
2022-08-16T17:15:11Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
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''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''63''', mo invéci 'l '''[[63|an 63]]''' edla [[nostra éra]], 't ê da 'ndèr [[63|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''63''' ('''ssantatrī''', ''sessantatré'' in [[itagliàn|itagliàṅ]], ''sexaginta tres'' in [[latèin]]) 'l è al [[nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[62 (nùmer)|62 (ssantadū)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[64 (nùmer)|64 (ssantaquàter)]]. In dla numerasiòun di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrìt '''LXIII'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tóś al '''ssantatriéśim''' post.
==Proprietê [[matemàtica|matemàtichi]] dal 63==
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer despèra]].<br><br>
* Al '''63''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send la [[moltìplica]] dal [[3 (nùmer)|3]] col [[21 (nùmer)|21]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>63 = 3\cdot 3\cdot 7 =3^2\cdot 7 </math><br><br>
* Al fà pert edla séri 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la [[moltìplica]] 'd 3 [[nùmer prim]], anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr,<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A014612/b014612.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la [[moltìplica]] 'd 3 [[nùmer prim]], anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr, in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]''.</ref><br>séri ciamèda anca di [[nùmer quèśi prim]], indû, in cal chèś chè, a s descòr ed [[nùmer 3-quèśi prim]]:<ref>{{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlmostPrime.html La spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer quèśi prim]] in dal sit ''mathworld.wolfram.com''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A014612 Sequèinsa OEIS A014612] 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la moltìplica 'd 3 nùmer prim, anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr.</ref><br>[[8 (nùmer)|8]], [[12 (nùmer)|12]], [[18 (nùmer)|18]], [[20 (nùmer)|20]], [[27 (nùmer)|27]], [[28 (nùmer)|28]], [[30 (nùmer)|30]], [[42 (nùmer)|42]], [[44 (nùmer)|44]], [[45 (nùmer)|45]], [[50 (nùmer)|50]], [[52 (nùmer)|52]], [[63 (nùmer)|63]], [[66 (nùmer)|66]], [[68 (nùmer)|68]], [[70 (nùmer)|70]], [[75 (nùmer)|75]], [[76 (nùmer)|76]], [[78 (nùmer)|78]], [[92 (nùmer)|92]], [[98 (nùmer)|98]], [[99 (nùmer)|99]], [[102 (nùmer)|102]], [[105 (nùmer)|105]], [[110 (nùmer)|110]], [[114 (nùmer)|114]] ...<br><br>
* Send la [[sòma]] di só [[diviśōr]] più cìca ed lò stès:<br>'' 1 + 3 + 7 + 9 + 21 = 41 < 63'', dòunca 'l '''63''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer difetìv]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100/b005100.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gròs] di [[nùmer difetìv]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 Sequèinsa OEIS A005100] di nùmer difetìv in dla réda.</ref><br><br>
* 'L è 'l 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer 63-gonèl]], gnend dop edl [[1 (nùmer)|1]] e prìma dal [[186 (nùmer)|186]]:<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A098140/list 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] di [[nùmer 63-gonèl]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[63 (nùmer)|63]], [[186 (nùmer)|186]], [[370 (nùmer)|370]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[921 (nùmer)|921]], [[1288 (nùmer)|1288]], [[1716 (nùmer)|1716]], 2205, 2755, 3366, 4038, 4771, 5565, 6420, 7336 ...<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A098140 Sequèinsa OEIS A098140] di nùmer 63-gonèl in dal ''web''.</ref><br><br>
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer altamèint cototiìnt]].<br><br>
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer 'd Harshad]].<br><br>
[[File:Regular polygon 63.svg|thumb|right|185px|Al [[polìgon]] regolèr cun 63 cô.]]
==Proprietê [[giometrìa|giomètrichi]]==
==Al nùmer 63 in dla [[Chìmica]]==
Al '''63''' 'l è al [[nùmer atómic|nùm'r atómic]] edl [[euròpi|euròpi (Eu)]], ùn di [[lantànid]].
==I simbol dal nùmer 63==
====In dla śmòrfia ed [[Napol]]====
In dla [[śmòrfia]], al nùmer '''63''' al vōl dìr "La spóśa" (''’A sposa'' in [[napoletàṅ]], damànd ch'a gìsen ''La sposa'' in [[itagliàn|itagliàṅ]]).
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer difetìv]]
* [[nùmer 63-gonèl]]
* [[nùmer altamèint cototiìnt]]
* [[nùmer 'd Harshad]]
==Referèinsi==
{{references}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:63 (number)|wikt=en:ssantatrī}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]'' in dla réda.
* {{en}} [https://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''Prime Glossary''.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/DeficientNumber.html I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''MathWorld''.
* {{en}} [https://planetmath.org/DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''PlanetMath''.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A098140 La sequèinsa OEIS A098140] di [[nùmer 63-gonèl]] in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
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{{DEFAULTSORT:0000000063}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer difetìv]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 63-gonèl]]
dzriwhui6el1k8t3u0nn6igajgq7s6s
93 (nùmer)
0
35699
152573
149472
2022-08-16T17:55:36Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
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''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''93''', mo invéci 'l '''[[93|an 93]]''' edla [[nostra éra]], 't ê da 'ndèr [[93|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''93''' ('''novantatrī''', ''novantatré'' in [[itagliàṅ]]) 'l è 'l [[nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[92 (nùmer)|92 (novantadū)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[94 (nùmer)|94 (novantaquàter)]]. In dla numerasiòun di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrìt '''XCIII'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tōś al '''novantatriéśim''' post.
==Proprietê matemàtichi==
* Al '''93''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send la [[moltìplica]] dal [[3 (nùmer)|3]] col [[31 (nùmer)|31]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>93 = 3\cdot31</math><br><br>
* Send al 93 la moltìplica ed du [[nùmer prim]]:<br>''93 = 3 x 31'', dòunca 'l '''93''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer semiprìm]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 Sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dla réda.</ref><br><br>
* Al 93 al gh'à 4 [[diviśōr]]: [[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[3 (nùmer)|3]], [[31 (nùmer)|31]], 93.<br>Send che la [[sòma]] di só [[diviśōr|diviśōr pròpi]] l'è più cìca che lò stès:<br>''1 + 3 + 31 = 35 < 93'', dòunca 'l '''93''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer difetìv]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100/b005100.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gròs] di [[nùmer difetìv]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 Sequèinsa OEIS A005100] di nùmer difetìv in dal ''web''.</ref><br><br>
* 'L è 'l 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 93-gonèl]], gnend dop edl [[1 (nùmer)|1]].<br><br>
[[File:Regular polygon 93.svg|thumb|right|185px|Al [[polìgon]] regolèr con 93 cô.]]
==Proprietê [[giometrìa|giomètrichi]]==
==Al nùmer 93 in dla [[Chìmica]]==
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer semiprìm]]
* [[nùmer difetìv]]
* [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 93-gonèl]]
==Referèinsi==
{{References}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:93 (number)|wikt=en:novantatrī}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 La sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dla réda.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]'' in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''Prime Glossary''.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/DeficientNumber.html I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''MathWorld''.
* {{en}} [https://planetmath.org/DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''PlanetMath''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
|sel=1
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:0000000093}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer semiprìm]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer difetìv]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 93-gonèl]]
hptmcvoiqxf1pl5i5hr3fifgr2ry9da
152574
152573
2022-08-16T19:21:52Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
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|bt1=Carpśàn
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''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''93''', mo invéci 'l '''[[93|an 93]]''' edla [[nostra éra]], 't ê da 'ndèr [[93|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''93''' ('''novantatrī''', ''novantatré'' in [[itagliàṅ]]) 'l è 'l [[nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[92 (nùmer)|92 (novantadū)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[94 (nùmer)|94 (novantaquàter)]]. In dla numerasiòun di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrìt '''XCIII'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tōś al '''novantatriéśim''' post.
==Proprietê [[matemàtica|matemàtichi]]==
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer despèra]].<br><br>
* Al '''93''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send la [[moltìplica]] dal [[3 (nùmer)|3]] col [[31 (nùmer)|31]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>93 = 3\cdot31</math>
** al 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di nùmer moltìplica per [[31 (nùmer)|31]] 'd un nùmer prim:<br>[[62 (nùmer)|62]], [[93 (nùmer)|93]], [[155 (nùmer)|155]], [[217 (nùmer)|217]], [[341 (nùmer)|341]], [[403 (nùmer)|403]], [[527 (nùmer)|527]], [[589 (nùmer)|589]], [[713 (nùmer)|713]], [[899 (nùmer)|899]], [[961 (nùmer)|961]], [[1147 (nùmer)|1147]], [[1271 (nùmer)|1271]], [[1333 (nùmer)|1333]], [[1457 (nùmer)|1457]], [[1643 (nùmer)|1643]] ...<br><br>
* Send al 93 la moltìplica ed du [[nùmer prim]]:<br>''93 = 3 x 31'', dòunca 'l '''93''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer semiprìm]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 Sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dla réda.</ref><br><br>
* Al 93 al gh'à 4 [[diviśōr]]: [[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[3 (nùmer)|3]], [[31 (nùmer)|31]], 93.<br>Send che la [[sòma]] di só [[diviśōr|diviśōr pròpi]] l'è più cìca che lò stès:<br>''1 + 3 + 31 = 35 < 93'', dòunca 'l '''93''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer difetìv]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100/b005100.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gròs] di [[nùmer difetìv]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 Sequèinsa OEIS A005100] di nùmer difetìv in dal ''web''.</ref><br><br>
* 'L è 'l 3<sup>rs</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer 32-gonèl]], gnend dop dal [[32 (nùmer)|32]] e prìma dal [[184 (nùmer)|184]]:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[32 (nùmer)|32]], [[93 (nùmer)|93]], [[184 (nùmer)|184]], [[305 (nùmer)|305]], [[456 (nùmer)|456]], [[637 (nùmer)|637]], [[848 (nùmer)|848]], [[1089 (nùmer)|1089]], [[1360 (nùmer)|1360]], [[1661 (nùmer)|1661]], [[1992 (nùmer)|1992]], 2353, 2744, 3165, 3616, 4097 ...<br><br>
* 'L è 'l 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 93-gonèl]], gnend dop edl [[1 (nùmer)|1]] e prìma dal [[276 (nùmer)|276]]:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[93 (nùmer)|93]], [[276 (nùmer)|276]], [[550 (nùmer)|550]], [[915 (nùmer)|915]], [[1371 (nùmer)|1371]], [[1918 (nùmer)|1918]], 2556, 3285, 4105, 5016, 6018, 7111, 8295, 9570, 10936 ...<br><br>
[[File:Regular polygon 93.svg|thumb|right|185px|Al [[polìgon]] regolèr con 93 cô.]]
==Proprietê [[giometrìa|giomètrichi]]==
==Al nùmer 93 in dla [[Chìmica]]==
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer semiprìm]]
* [[nùmer difetìv]]
* [[nùmer 32-gonèl]]
* [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 93-gonèl]]
==Referèinsi==
{{References}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:93 (number)|wikt=en:novantatrī}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 La sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dla réda.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]'' in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''Prime Glossary''.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/DeficientNumber.html I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''MathWorld''.
* {{en}} [https://planetmath.org/DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''PlanetMath''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:0000000093}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 3 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 31 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer semiprìm]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer difetìv]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 32-gonèl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 93-gonèl]]
5nls2r42hctnfs8q36aneph97ntesel
206 (nùmer)
0
35913
152566
148588
2022-08-16T17:04:03Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
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''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''206''', mo invéci 'l '''[[206|an 206]]''' edla [[nostra éra]], 't ê da 'ndèr [[206|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''206''' ('''duśeintsē''', ''duecentosei'' in [[itagliàṅ]]) 'l è 'l [[nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[205 (nùmer)|205 (duśeintsìnc)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[207 (nùmer)|207 (duśeintsèt)]]. In dla numerasiòun di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrìt '''CCVI'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tóś al '''duśeintseéśim''' post.
==Proprietê matemàtichi==
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer pèra]].<br><br>
* Al '''206''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send la [[moltìplica]] dal [[2 (nùmer)|2]] col [[103 (nùmer)|103]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>206 =2\cdot103</math>
** al 1<sup>im</sup> edla sequèinsa di nùmer moltìplica per [[103 (nùmer)|103]] 'd un nùmer prim:<br>[[206 (nùmer)|206]], [[309 (nùmer)|309]], [[515 (nùmer)|515]], [[721 (nùmer)|721]], [[1133 (nùmer)|1133]], [[1339 (nùmer)|1339]], [[1751 (nùmer)|1751]], [[1957 (nùmer)|1957]], 2369, 2987, 3193, 3811, 4223, 4429 ...<br><br>
* Send al 206 la moltìplica ed du [[nùmer prim]]:<br>''206 = 2 x 103'', dòunca 'l '''206''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer semiprìm]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358/list 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 Sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di nùmer semiprìm in dal ''web''.</ref><br><br>
* Al 206 al gh'à 4 [[diviśōr]]: [[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[2 (nùmer)|2]], [[103 (nùmer)|103]], 206.<br>Send che la [[sòma]] di só [[diviśōr|diviśōr pròpi]] l'è più cìca che lò stès:<br>''1 + 2 + 103 = 106 < 206'', dòunca 'l '''206''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer difetìv]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100/b005100.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gròs] ed [[nùmer difetìv]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 Sequèinsa OEIS A005100] di nùmer difetìv in dla réda.</ref><br><br>
* 'L è 'l 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 206-gonèl]], gnend dop edl [[1 (nùmer)|1]] e prìma dal :<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[206 (nùmer)|206]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[1228 (nùmer)|1228]], 2045, 3066, 4291, 5720, 7353, 9190, 11231, 13476, 15925, 18578, 21435 ...<br><br>
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer semiprìm]]
* [[nùmer difetìv]]
* [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 206-gonèl]]
==Referèinsi==
{{references}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:206 (number)|wikt=en:duśeintsē}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 La sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]'' in dla réda.
* {{en}} [https://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''Prime Glossary''.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/DeficientNumber.html I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''MathWorld''.
* {{en}} [https://planetmath.org/DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''PlanetMath''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
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}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:0000000206}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 103 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer semiprìm]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer difetìv]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 206-gonèl]]
k4rxiqc0u9ytujf4hsc6t4zvbeqbe30
152567
152566
2022-08-16T17:05:26Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
|id=0
|color=
|bt1=Carpśàn
|bticona1=[[File:Stemma Carpi.png|16px]]
|ps1=
__NOTOC__
{{dialort | dial=Carpśàn}}
''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''206''', mo invéci 'l '''[[206|an 206]]''' edla [[nostra éra]], 't ê da 'ndèr [[206|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''206''' ('''duśeintsē''', ''duecentosei'' in [[itagliàṅ]]) 'l è 'l [[nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[205 (nùmer)|205 (duśeintsìnc)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[207 (nùmer)|207 (duśeintsèt)]]. In dla numerasiòun di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrìt '''CCVI'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tóś al '''duśeintseéśim''' post.
==Proprietê matemàtichi==
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer pèra]].<br><br>
* Al '''206''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send la [[moltìplica]] dal [[2 (nùmer)|2]] col [[103 (nùmer)|103]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>206 =2\cdot103</math>
** al 1<sup>im</sup> edla sequèinsa di nùmer moltìplica per [[103 (nùmer)|103]] 'd un nùmer prim:<br>[[206 (nùmer)|206]], [[309 (nùmer)|309]], [[515 (nùmer)|515]], [[721 (nùmer)|721]], [[1133 (nùmer)|1133]], [[1339 (nùmer)|1339]], [[1751 (nùmer)|1751]], [[1957 (nùmer)|1957]], 2369, 2987, 3193, 3811, 4223, 4429 ...<br><br>
* Send al 206 la moltìplica ed du [[nùmer prim]]:<br>''206 = 2 x 103'', dòunca 'l '''206''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer semiprìm]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358/list 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 Sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di nùmer semiprìm in dal ''web''.</ref><br><br>
* Al 206 al gh'à 4 [[diviśōr]]: [[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[2 (nùmer)|2]], [[103 (nùmer)|103]], 206.<br>Send che la [[sòma]] di só [[diviśōr|diviśōr pròpi]] l'è più cìca che lò stès:<br>''1 + 2 + 103 = 106 < 206'', dòunca 'l '''206''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer difetìv]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100/b005100.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gròs] ed [[nùmer difetìv]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 Sequèinsa OEIS A005100] di nùmer difetìv in dla réda.</ref><br><br>
* 'L è 'l 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 206-gonèl]], gnend dop edl [[1 (nùmer)|1]] e prìma dal :<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[206 (nùmer)|206]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[1228 (nùmer)|1228]], 2045, 3066, 4291, 5720, 7353, 9190, 11231, 13476, 15925, 18578, 21435 ...<br><br>
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer semiprìm]]
* [[nùmer difetìv]]
* [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 206-gonèl]]
==Referèinsi==
{{references}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:206 (number)|wikt=en:duśeintsē}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 La sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]'' in dla réda.
* {{en}} [https://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''Prime Glossary''.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/DeficientNumber.html I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''MathWorld''.
* {{en}} [https://planetmath.org/DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''PlanetMath''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
|sel=1
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:0000000206}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 2 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 103 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer semiprìm]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer difetìv]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 206-gonèl]]
p43stqffubzr8b5p5k2a2vas2szaogv
152568
152567
2022-08-16T17:10:37Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
|id=0
|color=
|bt1=Carpśàn
|bticona1=[[File:Stemma Carpi.png|16px]]
|ps1=
__NOTOC__
{{dialort | dial=Carpśàn}}
''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''206''', mo invéci 'l '''[[206|an 206]]''' edla [[nostra éra]], 't ê da 'ndèr [[206|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''206''' ('''duśeintsē''', ''duecentosei'' in [[itagliàṅ]]) 'l è 'l [[nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[205 (nùmer)|205 (duśeintsìnc)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[207 (nùmer)|207 (duśeintsèt)]]. In dla numerasiòun di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrìt '''CCVI'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tóś al '''duśeintseéśim''' post.
==Proprietê matemàtichi==
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer pèra]].<br><br>
* Al '''206''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send la [[moltìplica]] dal [[2 (nùmer)|2]] col [[103 (nùmer)|103]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>206 =2\cdot103</math>
** al 1<sup>im</sup> edla sequèinsa di nùmer moltìplica per [[103 (nùmer)|103]] 'd un nùmer prim:<br>[[206 (nùmer)|206]], [[309 (nùmer)|309]], [[515 (nùmer)|515]], [[721 (nùmer)|721]], [[1133 (nùmer)|1133]], [[1339 (nùmer)|1339]], [[1751 (nùmer)|1751]], [[1957 (nùmer)|1957]], 2369, 2987, 3193, 3811, 4223, 4429 ...<br><br>
* Send al 206 la moltìplica ed du [[nùmer prim]]:<br>''206 = 2 x 103'', dòunca 'l '''206''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer semiprìm]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358/list 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 Sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di nùmer semiprìm in dal ''web''.</ref><br><br>
* Al 206 al gh'à 4 [[diviśōr]]: [[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[2 (nùmer)|2]], [[103 (nùmer)|103]], 206.<br>Send che la [[sòma]] di só [[diviśōr|diviśōr pròpi]] l'è più cìca che lò stès:<br>''1 + 2 + 103 = 106 < 206'', dòunca 'l '''206''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer difetìv]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100/b005100.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gròs] ed [[nùmer difetìv]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 Sequèinsa OEIS A005100] di nùmer difetìv in dla réda.</ref><br><br>
* 'L è 'l 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 206-gonèl]], gnend dop edl [[1 (nùmer)|1]] e prìma dal [[615 (nùmer)|615]]:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[206 (nùmer)|206]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[1228 (nùmer)|1228]], 2045, 3066, 4291, 5720, 7353, 9190, 11231, 13476, 15925, 18578, 21435 ...<br><br>
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer semiprìm]]
* [[nùmer difetìv]]
* [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 206-gonèl]]
==Referèinsi==
{{references}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:206 (number)|wikt=en:duśeintsē}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 La sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]'' in dla réda.
* {{en}} [https://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''Prime Glossary''.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/DeficientNumber.html I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''MathWorld''.
* {{en}} [https://planetmath.org/DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''PlanetMath''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
|sel=1
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:0000000206}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 2 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 103 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer semiprìm]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer difetìv]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 206-gonèl]]
n64j53zjzpdad87ho9d7s9dp905q5s7
615 (nùmer)
0
36627
152570
150783
2022-08-16T17:20:32Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
|id=0
|color=
|bt1=Carpśàn
|bticona1=[[File:Stemma Carpi.png|16px]]
|ps1=
__NOTOC__
{{dialort | dial=Carpśàn}}
''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''615''', mo invéci 'l '''[[615|an 615]]''', 't ê da 'ndèr [[615|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''615''' ('''seseintquìndeś''', ''seicentoquindici'' in [[itagliàṅ]]) 'l è 'l [[nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[614 (nùmer)|614 (seseintquatòrdeś)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[616 (nùmer)|616 (seseintsèdeś)]]. In dla [[Nùmer romàṅ|numerasiòun]] di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrìt '''DCXV'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tōś al '''seseintquindicéśim''' post.
==Proprietê matemàtichi==
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer despèra]].<br><br>
* Al '''615''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send la [[moltìplica]] dal [[3 (nùmer)|3]] col [[205 (nùmer)|205]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>615 = 3\cdot5\cdot41</math><br><br>
* Al fà pert edla séri 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la [[moltìplica]] 'd 3 [[nùmer prim]], anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr,<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A014612/b014612.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la [[moltìplica]] 'd 3 [[nùmer prim]], anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr, in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]''.</ref><br>séri ciamèda anca di [[nùmer quèśi prim]], indû, in cal chèś chè, a s descòr ed [[nùmer 3-quèśi prim]]:<ref>{{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlmostPrime.html La spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer quèśi prim]] in dal sit ''mathworld.wolfram.com''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A014612 Sequèinsa OEIS A014612] 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la moltìplica 'd 3 nùmer prim, anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr.</ref><br>... [[602 (nùmer)|602]], [[603 (nùmer)|603]], [[604 (nùmer)|604]], [[605 (nùmer)|605]], [[606 (nùmer)|606]], [[609 (nùmer)|609]], [[610 (nùmer)|610]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[618 (nùmer)|618]], [[627 (nùmer)|627]], [[628 (nùmer)|628]], [[637 (nùmer)|637]], [[638 (nùmer)|638]], [[639 (nùmer)|639]], [[642 (nùmer)|642]], [[645 (nùmer)|645]], [[646 (nùmer)|646]], [[651 (nùmer)|651]], [[652 (nùmer)|652]] ...
** Send che i sō 3 fatōr i ìn tùt di prìm diferèint tra 'd lōr, dòunca 'l 615 'l è 'n [[nùmer sfènic]],<br>al 77<sup>śim</sup> edla sequèinsa ch'la i grùpa tut in fila ùn drē cl èter:<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A007304/b007304.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] di [[nùmer sfènic]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A007304 Sequèinsa OEIS A007304] di nùmer sfènic in dal ''web''.</ref><br>... [[609 (nùmer)|609]], [[610 (nùmer)|610]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[618 (nùmer)|618]], [[627 (nùmer)|627]], [[638 (nùmer)|638]], [[642 (nùmer)|642]], [[645 (nùmer)|645]], [[646 (nùmer)|646]], [[651 (nùmer)|651]], [[654 (nùmer)|654]], [[658 (nùmer)|658]], [[663 (nùmer)|663]], [[665 (nùmer)|665]], [[670 (nùmer)|670]], [[678 (nùmer)|678]], [[682 (nùmer)|682]], [[705 (nùmer)|705]] ...<br><br>
* 'L è 'l 5<sup>nt</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer 63-gonèl]], gnend dop dal [[370 (nùmer)|370]] e prìma dal [[921 (nùmer)|921]]:<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A098140/list 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] di [[nùmer 63-gonèl]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[63 (nùmer)|63]], [[186 (nùmer)|186]], [[370 (nùmer)|370]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[921 (nùmer)|921]], [[1288 (nùmer)|1288]], [[1716 (nùmer)|1716]], 2205, 2755, 3366, 4038, 4771, 5565, 6420, 7336 ...<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A098140 Sequèinsa OEIS A098140] di nùmer 63-gonèl in dal ''web''.</ref><br><br>
* 'L è 'l 3<sup>rs</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 206-gonèl]], gnend dop dal [[206 (nùmer)|206]] e prìma dal [[1228 (nùmer)|1228]]:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[206 (nùmer)|206]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[1228 (nùmer)|1228]], 2045, 3066, 4291, 5720, 7353, 9190, 11231, 13476, 15925, 18578, 21435 ...<br><br>
* 'L è 'l 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 615-gonèl]], gnend dop edl [[1 (nùmer)|1]] e prìma dal [[1842 (nùmer)|1842]]:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[1842 (nùmer)|1842]], 3682, 6135, 9201, 12880, 17172, 22077, 27595, 33726, 40470, 47827, 55797, 64380 ...<br><br>
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer quèśi prim]]
* [[nùmer sfènic]]
* [[nùmer 63-gonèl]]
* [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 206-gonèl]]
* [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 615-gonèl]]
==Referèinsi==
{{references}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:615 (number)|wikt=en:seseintquìndeś}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A014612 La sequèinsa OEIS A014612] 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la moltìplica 'd 3 nùmer prim, anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlmostPrime.html La spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer quèśi prim]] in dal sit ''mathworld.wolfram.com''.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A007304 La sequèinsa OEIS A007304] di [[nùmer sfènic]] in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A098140 La sequèinsa OEIS A098140] di [[nùmer 63-gonèl]] in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
|sel=1
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:0000000615}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 3-quèśi prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer sfènic]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 63-gonèl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 206-gonèl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 615-gonèl]]
rcqwqe9aaylf9p8dj034jx7bg21mw3m
152571
152570
2022-08-16T17:22:32Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
|id=0
|color=
|bt1=Carpśàn
|bticona1=[[File:Stemma Carpi.png|16px]]
|ps1=
__NOTOC__
{{dialort | dial=Carpśàn}}
''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''615''', mo invéci 'l '''[[615|an 615]]''', 't ê da 'ndèr [[615|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''615''' ('''seseintquìndeś''', ''seicentoquindici'' in [[itagliàṅ]]) 'l è 'l [[nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[614 (nùmer)|614 (seseintquatòrdeś)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[616 (nùmer)|616 (seseintsèdeś)]]. In dla [[Nùmer romàṅ|numerasiòun]] di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrìt '''DCXV'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tōś al '''seseintquindicéśim''' post.
==Proprietê matemàtichi==
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer despèra]].<br><br>
* Al '''615''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send la [[moltìplica]] dal [[3 (nùmer)|3]] col [[205 (nùmer)|205]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>615 = 3\cdot5\cdot41</math><br><br>
* Al fà pert edla séri 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la [[moltìplica]] 'd 3 [[nùmer prim]], anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr,<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A014612/b014612.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la [[moltìplica]] 'd 3 [[nùmer prim]], anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr, in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]''.</ref><br>séri ciamèda anca di [[nùmer quèśi prim]], indû, in cal chèś chè, a s descòr ed [[nùmer 3-quèśi prim]]:<ref>{{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlmostPrime.html La spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer quèśi prim]] in dal sit ''mathworld.wolfram.com''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A014612 Sequèinsa OEIS A014612] 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la moltìplica 'd 3 nùmer prim, anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr.</ref><br>... [[602 (nùmer)|602]], [[603 (nùmer)|603]], [[604 (nùmer)|604]], [[605 (nùmer)|605]], [[606 (nùmer)|606]], [[609 (nùmer)|609]], [[610 (nùmer)|610]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[618 (nùmer)|618]], [[627 (nùmer)|627]], [[628 (nùmer)|628]], [[637 (nùmer)|637]], [[638 (nùmer)|638]], [[639 (nùmer)|639]], [[642 (nùmer)|642]], [[645 (nùmer)|645]], [[646 (nùmer)|646]], [[651 (nùmer)|651]], [[652 (nùmer)|652]] ...
** Send che i sō 3 fatōr i ìn tùt di prìm diferèint tra 'd lōr, dòunca 'l 615 'l è 'n [[nùmer sfènic]],<br>al 77<sup>śim</sup> edla sequèinsa ch'la i grùpa tut in fila ùn drē cl èter:<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A007304/b007304.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] di [[nùmer sfènic]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A007304 Sequèinsa OEIS A007304] di nùmer sfènic in dal ''web''.</ref><br>... [[609 (nùmer)|609]], [[610 (nùmer)|610]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[618 (nùmer)|618]], [[627 (nùmer)|627]], [[638 (nùmer)|638]], [[642 (nùmer)|642]], [[645 (nùmer)|645]], [[646 (nùmer)|646]], [[651 (nùmer)|651]], [[654 (nùmer)|654]], [[658 (nùmer)|658]], [[663 (nùmer)|663]], [[665 (nùmer)|665]], [[670 (nùmer)|670]], [[678 (nùmer)|678]], [[682 (nùmer)|682]], [[705 (nùmer)|705]] ...<br><br>
* 'L è 'l 5<sup>nt</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer 63-gonèl]], gnend dop dal [[370 (nùmer)|370]] e prìma dal [[921 (nùmer)|921]]:<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A098140/list 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] di [[nùmer 63-gonèl]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[63 (nùmer)|63]], [[186 (nùmer)|186]], [[370 (nùmer)|370]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[921 (nùmer)|921]], [[1288 (nùmer)|1288]], [[1716 (nùmer)|1716]], 2205, 2755, 3366, 4038, 4771, 5565, 6420, 7336, 8313 ...<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A098140 Sequèinsa OEIS A098140] di nùmer 63-gonèl in dal ''web''.</ref><br><br>
* 'L è 'l 3<sup>rs</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 206-gonèl]], gnend dop dal [[206 (nùmer)|206]] e prìma dal [[1228 (nùmer)|1228]]:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[206 (nùmer)|206]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[1228 (nùmer)|1228]], 2045, 3066, 4291, 5720, 7353, 9190, 11231, 13476, 15925, 18578, 21435 ...<br><br>
* 'L è 'l 2<sup>nd</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 615-gonèl]], gnend dop edl [[1 (nùmer)|1]] e prìma dal [[1842 (nùmer)|1842]]:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[1842 (nùmer)|1842]], 3682, 6135, 9201, 12880, 17172, 22077, 27595, 33726, 40470, 47827, 55797, 64380 ...<br><br>
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer quèśi prim]]
* [[nùmer sfènic]]
* [[nùmer 63-gonèl]]
* [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 206-gonèl]]
* [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 615-gonèl]]
==Referèinsi==
{{references}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:615 (number)|wikt=en:seseintquìndeś}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A014612 La sequèinsa OEIS A014612] 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la moltìplica 'd 3 nùmer prim, anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlmostPrime.html La spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer quèśi prim]] in dal sit ''mathworld.wolfram.com''.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A007304 La sequèinsa OEIS A007304] di [[nùmer sfènic]] in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A098140 La sequèinsa OEIS A098140] di [[nùmer 63-gonèl]] in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
|sel=1
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:0000000615}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 3-quèśi prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer sfènic]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 63-gonèl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 206-gonèl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 615-gonèl]]
clamobnem1jr0v3ggs1phva4w1ylu8v
789 (nùmer)
0
36871
152565
152561
2022-08-16T16:51:18Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
|id=0
|color=
|bt1=Carpśàn
|bticona1=[[File:Stemma Carpi.png|16px]]
|ps1=
__NOTOC__
{{dialort | dial=Carpśàn}}
''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''789''', mo invéci 'l '''[[789|an 789]]''', 't ê da 'ndèr [[789|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''789''' ('''setseintutantanōv''', ''settecentottantanove'' in [[itagliàṅ]]) 'l è 'l [[nómmer|nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[788 (nùmer)|788 (setseintutantòt)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[790 (nùmer)|790 (setseintnovànta)]]. In dla [[Nùmer romàṅ|numerasiòun]] di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrit '''DCCLXXXIX'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tōś al '''setseintutantanovéśim''' post.
==Proprietê matemàtichi==
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer despèra]].<br><br>
* Al '''789''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send la [[moltìplica]] dal [[3 (nùmer)|3]] col [[263 (nùmer)|263]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>789 = 3\cdot263</math>
** al 2<sup>nd</sup> edla séri 'd chi nùmer moltìplica per [[263 (nùmer)|263]] 'd un nùmer prim:<br>[[526 (nùmer)|526]], [[789 (nùmer)|789]], [[1315 (nùmer)|1315]], [[1841 (nùmer)|1841]], 2893, 3419, 4471, 4997, 6049, 7627, 8153, 9731, 10783 ...<br><br>
* Send al 789 la moltìplica ed du [[nùmer prim]]:<br>''789 = 3 x 263'', dòunca 'l '''789''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer semiprìm]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 Sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dla réda.</ref><br><br>
* Al 789 al gh'à 4 [[diviśōr]]: [[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[3 (nùmer)|3]], [[263 (nùmer)|263]], 789.<br>Send che la [[sòma]] di só [[diviśōr|diviśōr pròpi]] l'è più cìca che lò stès:<br>''1 + 3 + 263 = 267 < 789'', dòunca 'l '''789''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer difetìv]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100/b005100.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gròs] di [[nùmer difetìv]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 Sequèinsa OEIS A005100] di nùmer difetìv in dal ''web''.</ref><br><br>
* 'L è 'l 3<sup>rs</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 264-gonèl]], gnend dop dal [[264 (nùmer)|264]] e prìma dal [[1576 (nùmer)|1576]]:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[264 (nùmer)|264]], [[789 (nùmer)|789]], [[1576 (nùmer)|1576]], 2625, 3936, 5509, 7344, 9441, 11800, 14421, 17304, 20449, 23856 ...<br><br>
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer semiprìm]]
* [[nùmer difetìv]]
* [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 264-gonèl]]
==Referèinsi==
{{references}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:789 (number)|wikt=en:setseintutantanōv}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 La sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dla réda.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]'' in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''Prime Glossary''.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/DeficientNumber.html I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''MathWorld''.
* {{en}} [https://planetmath.org/DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''PlanetMath''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
|sel=1
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:0000000789}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 3 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 263 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer semiprìm]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer difetìv]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 264-gonèl]]
gm9qzp1bl9ltk1iqbe21vdtgl0axqe7
1841 (nùmer)
0
38711
152564
132747
2022-08-16T16:49:32Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
|id=0
|color=
|bt1=Carpśàn
|bticona1=[[File:Stemma Carpi.png|16px]]
|ps1=
__NOTOC__
{{dialort | dial=Carpśàn}}
''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''1841''', mo invéci 'l '''[[1841|an 1841]]''', 't ê da 'ndèr [[1841|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''1841''' ('''mileotseintquarantùn''', ''milleottocentoquarantuno'' in [[itagliàṅ]]) 'l è 'l [[nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[1840 (nùmer)|1840 (mileotseintquarànta)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[1842 (nùmer)|1842 (mileotseintquarantadū)]]. In dla [[Nùmer romàṅ|numerasiòun]] di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrìt '''MDCCCXLI'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tōś al '''mileotseintquarantunéśim''' post.
==Proprietê matemàtichi==
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer despèra]].<br><br>
* Al '''1841''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send la [[moltìplica]] dal [[7 (nùmer)|7]] col [[263 (nùmer)|263]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>1841 = 7\cdot263</math>
** al 4<sup>rt</sup> edla séri di nùmer moltìplica per [[263 (nùmer)|263]] 'd un nùmer prim:<br>[[526 (nùmer)|526]], [[789 (nùmer)|789]], [[1315 (nùmer)|1315]], [[1841 (nùmer)|1841]], 2893, 3419, 4471, 4997, 6049, 7627, 8153, 9731, 10783 ...<br><br>
* Send al 1841 la moltìplica ed du [[nùmer prim]]:<br>''1841 = 7 x 263'', dòunca 'l '''1841''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer semiprìm]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358/b001358.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gros] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 Sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di nùmer semiprìm in dla réda.</ref><br><br>
* Al 1841 al gh'à 4 [[diviśōr]]: [[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[7 (nùmer)|7]], [[263 (nùmer)|263]], 1841.<br>Send che la [[sòma]] di só [[diviśōr|diviśōr pròpi]] l'è più cìca che lò stès:<br>''1 + 7 + 263 = 271 < 1841'', dòunca 'l '''1841''' ’l è 'n [[nùmer difetìv]].<ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100/b005100.txt 'N elèinc dimòndi gròs] di [[nùmer difetìv]] in dal sit edl’''OEIS''.</ref><ref>{{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 Sequèinsa OEIS A005100] di nùmer difetìv in dal ''web''.</ref><br><br>
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer semiprìm]]
* [[nùmer difetìv]]
==Referèinsi==
{{references}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:1841 (number)|wikt=en:mileotseintquarantùn}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A001358 La sequèinsa OEIS A001358] di [[nùmer semiprìm]] in dla réda.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A005100 I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit edl’''[[OEIS]]'' in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://primes.utm.edu/glossary/page.php?sort=DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''Prime Glossary''.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/DeficientNumber.html I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''MathWorld''.
* {{en}} [https://planetmath.org/DeficientNumber I nùmer difetìv] in dal sit ''PlanetMath''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
|sel=1
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:0000001841}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 7 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer moltìplica per 263 'd un nùmer prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer semiprìm]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer difetìv]]
5fr6zypr73upcz21spwm5bqm4kokjv5
1842 (nùmer)
0
38712
152572
132723
2022-08-16T17:46:14Z
Gloria sah
6529
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{Metacaixa
|id=0
|color=
|bt1=Carpśàn
|bticona1=[[File:Stemma Carpi.png|16px]]
|ps1=
__NOTOC__
{{dialort | dial=Carpśàn}}
''(S 't î drē a serchèr minga al nùmer '''1842''', mo invéci 'l '''[[1842|an 1842]]''', 't ê da 'ndèr [[1842|chè]])''<br><br><br>
Al '''1842''' ('''mileotseintquarantadū''', ''milleottocentoquarantadue'' in [[itagliàṅ]]) 'l è 'l [[nùmer]] [[nómmer naturèl|naturèl]] (<math>\mathbb N</math>) ch'a seguìs al [[1841 (nùmer)|1841 (mileotseintquarantùn)]] e 'l vin prìma dal [[1843 (nùmer)|1843 (mileotseintquarantatrī)]]. In dla [[Nùmer romàṅ|numerasiòun]] di [[Ròma antìga|romàṅ antìg]] 'l era scrìt '''MDCCCXLII'''. In dla [[nùmer ordinêl|numerasiòun ordinèla]] al tōś al '''mileotseintquarantaduéśim''' post.
==Proprietê matemàtichi==
* 'L è 'n [[nùmer pèra]].<br><br>
* Al '''1842''' 'l è 'n [[nùmer cumpòst]], send la [[moltìplica]] dal [[2 (nùmer)|2]] col [[921 (nùmer)|921]]:<br>[[Fatoriśasiòun]]: <math>1842 = 2\cdot3\cdot307</math><br><br>
* 'L è 'l 3<sup>rs</sup> edla sequèinsa di [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 615-gonèl]], gnend dop dal [[615 (nùmer)|615]] e prìma dal 3682:<br>[[1 (nùmer)|1]], [[615 (nùmer)|615]], [[1842 (nùmer)|1842]], 3682, 6135, 9201, 12880, 17172, 22077, 27595, 33726, 40470, 47827, 55797, 64380 ...<br><br>
==Vóś lighèdi==
* [[nùmer]]
* [[nùmer naturèl]]
* [[nùmer intēr]]
* [[nùmer poligonèl|nùmer 615-gonèl]]
==Referèinsi==
{{references}}
==Èter progèt==
{{interprogetto|commons=Category:1842 (number)|wikt=en:mileotseintquarantadū}}
==Colegamèint estèren==
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A014612 La sequèinsa OEIS A014612] 'd chi nùmer ch'i ìn la moltìplica 'd 3 nùmer prim, anc cunpàgn tra 'd lōr.
* {{en}} [https://mathworld.wolfram.com/AlmostPrime.html La spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer quèśi prim]] in dal sit ''mathworld.wolfram.com''.
* {{en}} [https://oeis.org/A007304 La sequèinsa OEIS A007304] di [[nùmer sfènic]] in dal ''web''.
* {{en}} [https://www.fields.utoronto.ca/programs/scientific/11-12/Mtl-To-numbertheory/slides/Deza.pdf Na spiegasiòun] di [[nùmer figurê]] dl'Elena Deza e 'd Michel Deza in PDF, 2011.
|sel=1
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:0000001842}}
[[Categoria:MATEMATICA]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer naturêl]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer intēr]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 3-quèśi prim]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer sfènic]]
[[Categoria:Nùmer 615-gonèl]]
23ex3i543hg9urz8iks7zt6h8751w97
Koinè Emijana
0
43870
152577
151726
2022-08-17T00:20:00Z
Liviojavi
12775
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichêda Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é un pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dxvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonolozie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul êser mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourum cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourum cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abxoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bxoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariabla, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mêz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsiza ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamêdi in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fein a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al géner masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sêst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
lrbd9nbtumphccxe20gcf06utqampnp
152578
152577
2022-08-17T00:20:25Z
Liviojavi
12775
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é un pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dxvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonolozie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul êser mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourum cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourum cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abxoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bxoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariabla, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mêz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsiza ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamêdi in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fein a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al géner masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sêst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
93pf2h27lc3ne2c0wdteygnr742xto8
152579
152578
2022-08-17T00:23:32Z
Liviojavi
12775
/* Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é un pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dxvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonolozie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourum cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourum cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abxoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl briza atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bxoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariabla, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mêz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamêdi in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fein a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al géner masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sêst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
divkqb9lyvmukt64fz1dz4duqkvbiuc
152580
152579
2022-08-17T00:24:14Z
Liviojavi
12775
/* Mutasioun dla vuchêl briza atônica */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é un pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dxvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
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== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonolozie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourum cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourum cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abxoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bzoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariabla, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mêz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamêdi in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fein a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al géner masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sêst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
0h0abkxznbcuuras69532wc6ivxwi23
152581
152580
2022-08-17T00:25:41Z
Liviojavi
12775
/* Artéchel 30 */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é un pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dxvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonolozie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourum cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourum cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abxoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bzoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariabla, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mêz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamê(di) in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fein a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al géner masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sêst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
au2dczzwk72x53ypqlnp5u2fbe2zjq4
152582
152581
2022-08-17T00:26:42Z
Liviojavi
12775
/* Ux dl acèint sircunflès */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é un pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dxvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonolozie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abxoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bzoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariabla, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mêz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamê(di) in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fein a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al géner masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sêst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
rtn0h63a5j123urkm9m6nh71uc2lsyv
152583
152582
2022-08-17T00:27:22Z
Liviojavi
12775
/* Ux dl acèint sircunflès */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é un pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dxvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonolozie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abzoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bzoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariabla, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mêz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamê(di) in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fein a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al géner masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sêst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
7cin6yhhnk4c8x436g8ezl69rjmuzwe
152584
152583
2022-08-17T00:27:52Z
Liviojavi
12775
/* Masc */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é un pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dxvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonolozie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abzoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bzoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariabla, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mèz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamê(di) in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fein a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al géner masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sêst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
4wjqomwborpszvrye4k5ajp14ipngwf
152585
152584
2022-08-17T00:28:07Z
Liviojavi
12775
/* Masc */
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é un pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dxvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonolozie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abzoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bzoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariâbil, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mèz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamê(di) in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fein a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al géner masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sêst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
ou5g0pd1h2z81expfe0bem1zjl5b40n
152586
152585
2022-08-17T00:31:00Z
Liviojavi
12775
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é on pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dzvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonolozie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abzoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bzoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariâbil, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mèz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamê(di) in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fein a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al géner masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sêst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
cu4uagtvck6iuvr4qf6ueaok34uwwjv
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152586
2022-08-17T00:31:39Z
Liviojavi
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é on pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dzvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonolozie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abzoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bzoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariâbil, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mèz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamê(di) in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fein a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al gènar masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sêst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
1ta8swex2ab3od57mfyxfdsjqbnltkp
152588
152587
2022-08-17T00:31:56Z
Liviojavi
12775
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é on pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dzvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonolozie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abzoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bzoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariâbil, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mèz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamê(di) in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fin a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al gènar masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sêst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
3bjcjnk28ckjoxhix1aispnh8pa0jvk
152589
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2022-08-17T00:34:13Z
Liviojavi
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wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é on pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dzvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonolozie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abzoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bzoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariâbil, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mèz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamê(di) in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fin a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al gènar masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sèst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
5v7qpv3d92px4eeumyf4upy3k507ub8
152590
152589
2022-08-17T00:34:30Z
Liviojavi
12775
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é on pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dzvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonoloxie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fein parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fein parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abzoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bzoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariâbil, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mèz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamê(di) in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fin a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al gènar masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sèst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
phvsk4d36qtd0trr23e28lsmr3r3dqq
152591
152590
2022-08-17T00:35:07Z
Liviojavi
12775
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é on pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonolozie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dzvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonoloxie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fin parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abzoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bzoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariâbil, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mèz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamê(di) in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fin a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al gènar masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sèst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
4elm5ltlvekrdenhsnasaevxty23d2v
152592
152591
2022-08-17T00:35:29Z
Liviojavi
12775
wikitext
text/x-wiki
{{dialortEgl|dial=Emijan}}
[[File:Redditeml1.png|miniatura|405x405px|Ona del premi varsioun ed grafie unifichê Emijana, int al Reddit.<br>2020-21 ca.]]
La '''koinè Emijana''' (anch ciamêda '''''Emijan unifichê''''', '''''Emijan standard''''' o '''''Emijan standardizê''''', in [[Itagliàn|itajan]] ''koiné emiliana''), l’é on pruzèt ch’l à la mira ed dzvilupêr admè na varietê ’d [[Léngua emiliâna|Emijan]], tgnagaind in count la sau pulinomicitê es al sau stêd ed laingua spsêda in dimondi dialet, ugnon cn el sau parôl, la sau fonoloxie e al sau maud ed scrévar.
In ste pruzèt ché a j·é anch al dzvilop d ona grafie unitêria, l’argulasioun ed na gramadga unifichê, cun elemeint ciapê de tot i dialet Emijan e pur d on vucabulêri. La koinè l’é flesebla a el diversitê stra i dialet.
I lavurir par la koinè i en tachê a la fein di ân 10 dal [[XXI sécol|séchel XXI]], inspirê a’l cminsepi de’l ''Scriver [[Lunbèrd|Lombard]]'', de la grafie [[Catalàn|catalana]] e de la ''Grafìa [[Piemuntais|Piemontèisa]] Moderna'', pau anch dla ''[[Nauva Urtugrafie Lunbêrda|Nœuva Ortografia Lombarda]]'', e grasia a pasiunê cunpagn a cusché ch’l à scret sta pêzna ché. De la fein dal 2020 socuant varsioun ed colâud dla koinè Emijana ej en gnudi faura.
Al dialèt pió catê in cunsidrasioun par dzvilupêr la koinè Emijana l’é al [[Dialèt arzân|arzan]], par la sau puzisioun int al mèz dl’[[Emégglia|Emeja]], e anch par l’urtugrafie ch’i linguesta i îven bèl e fat so pr al lour dialèt specéfich, de la che la grafie dla koinè aj à dê n’ucê e catê dimondi spont, mo anch al [[Dialàtt bulgnaiṡ|bulgnaix]], al [[Dialètt mudnés|mudnaix]] e al [[Dialètt pramzan|pramzan]] i en stê catê par ste lavurir ed dzvilop ché. Dialet cum al [[Dialét miranduléś|mirandulaix]], al [[Dialèt fraréś|fraraix]], al [[Dialët piaṡintëin|piazintein]], al [[Dialet mantuan|mantvan]], al [[Cararaiṡ|cararein]], al vugaraix o el parlê ’d muntagna cum al fargnanaix i en stê druvê pió pr al dzvilop dal parulêri Emijan unifichê che pr i son.
__TOC__
== Carateréstichi ==
On di mutif parché sta koinè l’é stê fata so, ’l é al bxoagn d ardûxr i seign diacrétich es el létar dal abicî. A j·é pió soun par letra o ditongh int al alfabaid dla koinè, mo pr i natif emijan cusché ’l é fâsil cunpagn a coal ed prema.
== Fonoloxie e urtugrafie ==
=== Abicî ===
Al abicî dla koinè ’l é furmê de stel letar e ditongh ché:
==== Vuchêj ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
|-
|a
|[a], [ɐ]*
|
|admè se l’utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|â
|[aː], [ɑː]
|
|
|-
|à
|[a]*
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|ai
|[æj]*
|
|vèdr ''èi''
|-
|au
|[oː]
|
|
|-
|e
|[e], [ɐ]*
|
|soul se utma vuchêl atônica
|-
|ê
|[ɛː]
|
|
|-
|è
|[æ]
|
|
|-
|é
|[e]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|ei
|[eː], [ej̃]*
|
|admè in '''''ei'''n'' a fin parôla
|-
|èi, èj
|[æj]*
|
|cunpagn a ''ai'', mo druvê in ''c'''èi''''' e ''g'''èi''''' doulsi
|-
|i
|[i]
|
|
|-
|î
|[iː]
|
|
|-
|ie
|[iː]*, [je]
|
|soul a fin parôla
|-
|o
|[o]
|
|
|-
|ô
|[ɔː]
|
|
|-
|ò
|[ɒ]*
|
|admè a fin parôla
|-
|ó
|[o]*
|
|soul par marchêr vuchêl atônica faura ’d puxisioun nurmêla
|-
|oa
|[ɒ]
|
|
|-
|ou
|[ɒw]
|
|
|-
|u
|[u]
|[ʊ]
|
|-
|û
|[uː]
|
|
|}
==== Cunsunant ====
{| class="wikitable"
!grafeima
!AFI
!parnonsi dialetêli
!nôt (*)
!êter nôt (**)
|-
|b
|[b]
|
|
|
|-
|c
|[ʦ]*, [k]**
|
|in '''''c'''e'', '''''c'''i'', ''-'''c'''''
|in '''''c'''a'', '''''c'''o'', '''''c'''u''
|-
|ch
|[k]
|[c]
|
|
|-
|ç
|[s]
|[θ]
|
|la paul èsar mega alôgref ed ''s'' del vault
|-
|d
|[d]
|
|
|
|-
|ds
|[ʦ]
|
|
|
|-
|dx
|[ʣ]
|
|
|
|-
|f
|[f]
|
|
|
|-
|g
|[ʣ]*, [g]**
|[ɟ]**
|in '''''g'''e'', '''''g'''i'', ''-'''g'''''
|in '''''g'''a'', '''''g'''o'', '''''g'''u''
|-
|gh
|[g]
|
|
|
|-
|gn
|[ɲ]
|[j̃]
|
|
|-
|j
|[j], [ʎ]*
|[ʝ], [ɟʝ]*
|str’ed vuchêl curti
|
|-
|l
|[l]
|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|m
|[m]
|
|
|
|-
|n
|[n], [ŋ]*
|[ɱ]*
|se prema a j·é na vuchêl tônica
|
|-
|p
|[p]
|
|
|
|-
|qu
|[kʷ]
|
|
|
|-
|r
|[r]
|[ʁ], [ʀ]
|
|
|-
|s
|[s]
|[s̪]
|
|
|-
|t
|[t]
|
|
|
|-
|v
|[v], [f]
|
|
|
|-
|x*
|[z]
|[z̺]
|admè a fin parôla o in fr’ed dou vuchêl
|
|-
|y*
|[j], [i]
|
|in ''a'''y''''', ''e'''y'''''
|
|-
|z
|[ð]
|[z̺]
|
|
|}
===== ''Gu'' e ''Gv'' =====
La ciôpa ''gv'' l’é bain ispès iscreta ''gu'', mo quisti ’j en el raighel:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''gv''è'''''ra
|war
|[ˈgvæ.rɐ]
|'''gu''ei'''''lf
|guelph
|[ˈgueːlf]
|}
=== Acèint tônich ===
Al acèint tônich, se int la parôla an j·é di seign diacrétich ch’i·l mêrchen, al crauda soura dla penutma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par vuchêl, o soura dl’utma vuchêl se la parôla la fines par cunsunant.
''â'', ''ai'', ''au'', ''ê'', ''è'', ''ei'', ''î'', ''ie'' (finêl), ''ô'', ''oa'', ''ou'' e ''û'' ej en sainper tônichi.
=== Ux dl acèint sircunflès ===
''â'', ''î'' e ''û'', quand ch’ej en el penutmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par vuchêl, o el utmi vuchêj ed parôl ch’el finésen par cunsunant, el j·an de gnir screti sainsa acèint:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 1
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|''curn'''î'''x''
|curn'''i'''x
|[kurˈniːz]
|-
|''zvarz'''û'''ra''
|zvarz'''u'''ra
|[zvarˈðuːrɐ]
|-
|''st'''â'''gn''
|st'''a'''gn
|[staːɲ]
|}
Mo:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Tip 2
!fourem cun sircunflès
!parôla
!AFI
|-
|'''''û'''rel''
|'''û'''rel
|[ˈuːrɐl]
|-
|'''''â'''reb''
|'''â'''reb
|[ˈaːrɐb]
|}
Par parôl ch’ej abzoagna adsténgvar al’s adrauva pur:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="7" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|'''â'''n
|''year''
|[aːn]
|'''a'''n
|''they have''
|[aŋ], [ã]
|-
|p'''â'''n
|''cloth''
|[paːn]
|p'''a'''n
|''bread''
|[paŋ], [pã]
|-
|c'''â'''n
|''canes''
|[kaːn]
|c'''a'''n
|''dog''
|[kaŋ], [kã]
|-
|an'''ê'''l
|''anal''
|[aˈnɛːɫ]
|an'''è'''l
|''ring''
|[aˈnæl]
|-
|c'''ô'''l
|''neck''
|[kɔːl]
|c'''o'''l
|''that one''
|[kol]
|-
|m'''ô'''t
|''mote''
|[mɔːt]
|m'''o'''t
|''silent''
|[mot]
|}
O chêx lémet cunpagn a:
{| class="wikitable"
!parôla 1
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 2
!inglaix
!AFI
! rowspan="2" |
!parôla 3
!inglaix
!AFI
|-
|p'''è'''la
|''skin''
|[ˈpæ.lɐ]
|p'''ê'''la
|''shovel''
|[ˈpɛːɫɐ]
|p'''e'''la
|''pile''
|[ˈpe.lɐ]]
|}
=== Apôstruf (’) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir pêrt dla ciacra cum artéchel, prunom relatif o partixèl pronuminêl, o par mustrêr che, int al parlê, la crauda na vuchêl.
=== Pont ch’al voula (·) ===
Al’s adrauva pr ugnir un vêrub a i sau prunom riflesif.
=== Mutasioun dla vuchêl brixa atônica ===
Quand ch’t ê de vultêr de na grafie luchêl a la koinè, int el vuchèj atônichi ch’ej·s câten prema ’d coala tônica, ej·s adrûven stel raighel ché, faura che in chêx int i qui aj bzoagna fêr dixanbiguasioun (ex.: ''padêl'', ''pedêl'') es in chêx ed parôla ’d urézen furèsta, tètnega o sientéfica:
{| class="wikitable"
|+<nowiki>{{DE FINIR}}</nowiki>
!tônica
!vuchêl atônica
!''vuchêl mudê''
!exainpi
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''a''', '''e'''
| rowspan="2" |[a], [ɐ], [æ]
| rowspan="2" |''a''
|p''a''sg'''a'''t (pès+gat)
|-
|
|-
|'''i'''
|[i]
|''i''
|
|-
|'''o'''
|
|''u''
|
|-
|'''u'''
|
|''u''
|
|}
== Morfoloxie ==
=== Artéchel ===
==== Artéchel determinatif ====
In emijan a j·é quâter artéchel determinatif:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!singulêr
! colspan="2" |plurêl
|-
!♂ masc
|al
| colspan="2" |i
|-
!♀ fèmna
|la
|el
|ej
|}
==== Artéchel indeterminatif ====
In emijan a j·é du artéchel in determinatif: ''on'', ''un'' pr i masc, ''ona'' pr el fèman.
=== Nom e agetif ===
In emijan unifichê, nom e agetif i en ascuêx cunpagn par raighel ed declinasioun, cun i ûtum pió flesebli a’l gènar e al nómar.
==== Plurêl di nom ====
===== Masc =====
Al plurêl di nom maschil, se la parôla l’é mia invariâbil, l é fat so, la pió pêrt del vault, par mèz ed na canbiasioun a la vuchêl tônica dla parôla:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(al)
! colspan="2" |plurêl
(i)
!inglaix
|-
|g'''a'''t
| colspan="2" |g'''a'''t
|''cat''
|-
|cav'''al'''
| colspan="2" |cav'''aj'''
|''horse''
|-
|m'''ai'''x
| colspan="2" |m'''ei'''x
|''month''
|-
|f'''au'''gh
| colspan="2" |f'''u'''gh
|''fire''
|-
|cmac'''èi'''x
| colspan="2" |cmac'''ei'''x
|''from [[Cmâc'|Cmac]] (Comacchio)''
|-
|p'''è'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''e'''s
|''fish''
|-
|put'''ei'''n
| colspan="2" |put'''ei'''n
|''boy''
|-
|zurn'''êl'''*
| colspan="2" |zurn'''êj'''*
|''newspaper''
|-
|mart'''èl'''
| colspan="2" |mart'''ej'''
|''hammer''
|-
|curt'''i'''l
| colspan="2" |curt'''i'''l
|''court''
|-
|c'''o'''ch
| colspan="2" |c'''o'''ch
|''cuckoo''
|-
|m'''ol'''
|m'''oj'''
|m'''ol'''
|''mule''
|-
|p'''oa'''s
| colspan="2" |p'''o'''s
|''well, groundhole''
|-
|sgn'''ou'''r
| colspan="2" |sgn'''au'''r
|''mister''
|-
|'''ô'''c
| colspan="2" |'''au'''c
|''eye''
|-
|m'''u'''r
| colspan="2" |m'''u'''r
|''wall''
|}
===== Fèmna =====
Al plurêl di nom feminil al é sainper invariê, as zonta '''''-i''''' a fein parôla admè s’a j·é bxoagn ed gnoasar el dou declinasioun maschil e feminil ed sta parôla parsixa ché:
{| class="wikitable"
!singulêr
(la)
!plurêl
(el, ej)
!inglaix
|-
|emijan'''a'''
|emijan'''i'''
|''Emilian''
|-
|t'''ê'''v'''la'''
|t'''ê'''v'''el'''
|''table''
|-
|'''ô'''v'''ra'''
|'''ô'''v'''er'''
|''piece, work, opera''
|-
|c'''a'''
|c'''a'''
|''house, home''
|-
|m'''an'''
|m'''an'''
|''hand''
|-
|mujeir'''a'''
|mujeir
|''wife, woman''
|-
|vuch'''êla'''*
|vuch'''êli'''*
|''vocal''
|-
|vuch'''êl'''
|vuch'''êl'''
|''vowel''
|}
In ste chêx ché ''emijana'' ’l é al maschil ed ''emijan'' ch’l à dounca sia la fourma pr i masc che coala pr el fèman: aj’s zonta '''''-i'''''.
==== Plurêl di agetif ====
Al plurêl di agetif l é cunpagn a coal pr i nom, mo que, in teurie, a j·é sainper d’arsptêr el raighel ed declinasioun, anca s’an j·é brixa bxoagn prâtich ed gnoasr el dou fourmi dla parôla.
Socuanti vault sta raigla ché la veign mia arsptêda.
=== Prepuxisioun ===
Ché zò a j·é na tabèla ed prepuzisioun sainplisi e articulê.
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="3" |
|''of, by''
|''to''
|''from''
|''in''
|''with''
|''on''
|''for''
| colspan="2" |''between''
|-
! colspan="9" |
|-
!ed
!a
!de
!in
!cun
! rowspan="2" |so
!par
! colspan="2" |stra
|-
!al
|dal
|a’l
|de’l
|int al
|cn al
|pr al
| colspan="2" |str’al
|-
!la
|dla
|a la
|de la
|int la
|cun la
|sla
|par la
| colspan="2" |stra la
|-
! colspan="10" |
|-
!i
|di
|ai
|de i
|int i
|cn i
! rowspan="3" |so
|pr i
|stra i
|str’i
|-
!el
|del
|a’l
|d’el
|int el
|cn el
|pr el
| colspan="2" |str’el
|-
!ej
|dej
|a’j
|d’ej
|int ej
|cn ej
|pr ej
| colspan="2" |str’ej
|}
La prepuxisioun ''so'' l’é mia asê druvêda. Aj’s parfares ''in sema'' ''a'' o ''in vèta a''.
Stra l’é druvêda abasta, mo as paul sèntar anch ''tramèz a'' o ''damèz a''.
=== Prunom ===
==== Prunom parsunèj ====
I prunom i en ''me'', ''te'', ''lo'', ''li'', ''nuêter'', ''vuêter'' e ''lour''.
==== Prunom conplemaint ====
I prunom dirèt i’s adrauven pr i vêrub tranxitif, qui indirèt par i intranxitif.
{| class="wikitable"
!inglaix
! rowspan="9" |
!Emijan
! colspan="2" |dirèt
!indirèt
|-
|''I''
!me
| colspan="2" |am
|am
|-
|''you''
!te
| colspan="2" |at
|at
|-
|''he''
!lo
| colspan="2" |al
|aj
|-
|''she''
!li
| colspan="2" |la
|aj
|-
|''we''
!nuêter
| colspan="2" |as
|as
|-
|''you''
!vuêter
| colspan="2" |av
|av
|-
|''they ♂ <small>(m.)</small>''
!lour ''♂'' <small>(''m.'')</small>
| colspan="2" |i
|aj
|-
|''they ♀ <small>(f.)</small>''
!lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el
|ej
|aj
|}
=== Vêrub ===
I vêrub emijan, cum in francèix e ej êtri laingv lunbêrdi o gal-itâlichi, i j·an anch na fourma interugativa.
Vèd che la dexinainsa dla prema parsouna plurêla la paul êser -''oam'' cum -''ain''.
==== Cognugasioun iregulêri ====
===== Èsar =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avzijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a soun
|a j·eira
|a soun stê
|a srò
|sougn·a?
|eir·ia?
|sougn·a stê?
|srô·ja?
|-
|te
|’t î
|’t eir
|’t î stê
|’t asrê
|î·t?
|eir·et?
|î·t stê?
|srê·t?
|-
|lo
|al é
|al eira
|al é stê
|al sra
|é·l?
|eir·el?
|é·l stê?
|sra·l?
|-
|li
|l’é
|l’eira
|l’é stêda
|la sra
|é·la?
|eir·la?
|é·la stêda?
|sra·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a soam
|a j·eiren
|a soam stê
|a sroam
|soam·ia?
|eirgn·a?
|soam·ia stê?
|sroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a si
|a j·eiri
|a si stê
|a sri
|si·v?
|eir·i?
|si·v stê?
|sri·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i en
|i eiren
|i en stê
|i sran
| rowspan="2" |en·i?
| rowspan="2" |eirn·i?
|en·i stê?
| rowspan="2" |sran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|ej en
|ej eiren
|ej en stêdi
|el sran
|en·i stêdi?
|}
====== Cungiuntif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfêt
|-
|(che) me
|a sepa
|a fos
|-
|(che) te
|’t sep
|’t fos
|-
|(che) lo
|al sepa
|al fos
|-
|(che) li
|la sepa
|la fos
|-
|(che) nuêter
|a soamia
|a fósen
|-
|(che) vuêter
|a sidi
|a fosi
|-
|(che) lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sépen
|i fósen
|-
|(che) lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sépen
|el fósen
|}
====== Cundisiunêl ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
|-
|me
|a sre
|a sre stê
|sre·ja?
|sre·ja stê?
|-
|te
|’t asres
|’t asres stê
|sres·et?
|sres·et stê?
|-
|lo
|al sre
|al sre stê
|sre·l?
|sre·l stê?
|-
|li
|la sre
|la sre stêda
|sre·la?
|sre·la stêda?
|-
|nuêter
|a sren
|a sren stê
|sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|vuêter
|a sresi
|a sresi stê
|sres·ov?
|sres·ov stê?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i sren
|i sren stê
| rowspan="2" |sren·i?
|sren·i stê?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el sren
|el sren stêdi
|sren·i stêdi?
|}
===== Avair =====
Ste vêrub ché al paul èser avxijêr.
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''parsouna''
! colspan="2" |parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
| colspan="2" |a j·ò
|a j·iva
|a j·ò avû
|a j·arò
|ò·ja?
|iv·ia?
|ò·ja avû?
|arô·ja?
|-
|te
| colspan="2" |’t ê
|’t iv
|’t ê avû
|’t arê
|ê·t?
|iv·et?
|ê·t avû?
|arê·t?
|-
|lo
| colspan="2" |al à
|al iva
|al à avû
|al arà
|ê·l?
|iv·el?
|ê·l avû?
|ara·l?
|-
|li
| colspan="2" |l’à
|l’iva
|l’à avû
|l’arà
|ê·la?
|iv·la?
|ê·la avû?
|ara·la?
|-
|nuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·oam
|a j·îven
|a j·oam avû
|a j·aroam
|oam·ia?
|iveign·a?
|oam·ia avû?
|aroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
| colspan="2" |a j·î
|a j·ivi
|a j·î avû
|a j·arî
|î·v?
|iv·i?
|î·v avû
|ari·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i j·an
|i an
|i îven
|i an avû
|a j·aran
| rowspan="2" |ên·i?
| rowspan="2" |îvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i avû?
| rowspan="2" |aran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el j·an
|ej an
|ej îven
|ej an avû
|el j·aran
|}
Anch vêrub cum ''fêr'', ''vlair'' o ''dêr'' i en iregulêr.
==== I cognugasioun (-''êr'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''caghêr'', ''magnêr, pistêr''.
===== Magnêr =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a magn
|a magnêva
|a j·ò magnê
|a magnarò
|magn·a?
|magnêv·a?
|ò·j magnê?
|magnarò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t magn
|’t magnêv
|’t ê magnê
|’t magnarê
|magn·et?
|magnêv·et?
|ê·t magnê?
|magnarê·t?
|-
|lo
|al magna
|al magnêva
|’l à magnê
|al magnarà
|magn·el?
|magnêv·el?
|ê·l magnê?
|magnarà·l?
|-
|li
|la magna
|la magnêva
|l’à magnê
|la magnarà
|magn·la?
|magnêv·la?
|ê·la magnê?
|magnarà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a magnain
|a magnêven
|a j·oam magnê
|a magnarain
|magnagn·a?
|magnêvn·a?
|oam·ia magnê?
|magnaragn·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a magnê
|a magnêvi
|a j·î magnê
|a magnarî
|magnê·v?
|magnêv·ia?
|î·v magnê
|magnarî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i mâgnen
|i magnêven
|i an magnê
|i magnaran
| rowspan="2" |magn·ni?
| rowspan="2" |magnêvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i magnê?
| rowspan="2" |magnaran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el mâgnen
|el magnêven
|ej an magnê
|el magnaran
|}
==== II cognugasioun (-''air'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''piaxair (a)''.
===== Piaxair =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a piêx
|a piaxiva
|a soun piaxû
|a piaxrò
|piêx·ia?
|piaxiv·a?
|sougn·a piaxû?
|piaxrò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t piêx
|’t piaxif
|’t î piaxû
|’t piaxrê
|piêx·et?
|piaxiv·et?
|î·t piaxû?
|piaxrê·t?
|-
|lo
|al piêx
|al piaxiva
|’l é piaxû
|al piaxrà
|piêx·el?
|piaxiv·el?
|é·l piaxû?
|piaxrà·l?
|-
|li
|la piêx
|la piaxiva
|l’é piaxuda
|la piaxrà
|piêx·la?
|piaxiv·la?
|é·la piaxuda?
|piaxrà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a piaxoam
|a piaxîven
|a soam piaxû
|a piaxroam
|piaxoam·ia?
|piaxiv·gna?
|soam·ia piaxû?
|piaxroam·ia?
|-
|vuêter
|a piaxî
|a piaxivi
|a si piaxû
|a piaxrî
|piaxî·v?
|piaxiv·ia?
|si·v piaxû?
|piaxrî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i piêxen
|i piaxîven
|i en piaxû
|i piaxran
| rowspan="2" |piêxn·i?
| rowspan="2" |piaxîvn·i?
|en·i piaxû?
| rowspan="2" |piaxran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el piêxen
|el piaxîven
|ej en piaxudi
|el piaxran
|en·i piaxudi?
|}
==== III cognugasioun (-''ar'' / -''er'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''vèdar'', ''seider, dscoarar''.
==== IV cognugasioun (-''ir'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''suplir'', ''capir, burir''.
===== Capir =====
====== Indicatif ======
{| class="wikitable"
!''parsouna''
!parxaint
!inparfèt
! colspan="2" |pasê axvein
!futur
! rowspan="9" |
!parxaint
!inparfèt
!pasê axvein
!futur
|-
|me
|a capes
|a capiva
| colspan="2" |a j·ò capî
|a capirò
|capes·ia?
|capiv·a?
|ò·j capî?
|capirò·ja?
|-
|te
|’t capes
|’t capif
| colspan="2" |’t ê capî
|’t capirê
|capes·et?
|capiv·et?
|ê·t capî?
|capirê·t?
|-
|lo
|al capes
|al capiva
| colspan="2" |al à capî
|al capirà
|capes·el?
|capiv·el?
|ê·l capî?
|capirà·l?
|-
|li
|la capes
|la capiva
| colspan="2" |l’à capî
|la capirà
|capes·la?
|capiv·la?
|ê·la capî?
|capirà·la?
|-
|nuêter
|a capain
|a capîven
| colspan="2" |a j·avain capî
|a capirain
|capaign·a?
|capîv·gna?
|avaign·a capî?
|capiraign·a?
|-
|vuêter
|a capî
|a capivi
| colspan="2" |a j·î capî
|a capirî
|capî·v?
|capiv·ia?
|î·v capî?
|capirî·v?
|-
|lour ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|i capésan
|i capîven
|i j·an capî
|i an capî
|i capiran
| rowspan="2" |capésn·i?
| rowspan="2" |capîvn·i?
| rowspan="2" |ên·i capî?
| rowspan="2" |capiran·i?
|-
|lour ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|el capésan
|el capîven
|el j·an capî
|ej an capî
|el capiran
|}
==== Êtri cognugasioun iregulêri (-''aur'' / -''ur'') ====
A ste grop ché i fan pêrt vêrub cum ''taur''.
==== Vêrub fraxèj ====
In emijan, cum pr al lunbêrd, a j·é fes ed vêrub cunpaust par dir di cuncêt sainplis, cum "andêr faura" (''andà fœura'' o ''sortì'' in [[Lunbèrd|lunbêrd]], ''uscire'' in [[Itagliàn|toscueign]]).
== Parôl ==
=== Exainpi ed tèst ===
==== Adciarasioun universêl di diret uman ====
===== Artéchel 1 =====
"''Tot i èsar uman i nâsen lébar e cunpagn in dgnitê e diret. I en dutê ’d raxoun e ’d cusainsa, e i j·an de cunpurtêr·es on cun cl êter cum di bon fradej.''"
===== Artéchel 30 =====
"''Gninta in sta Dciarasioun (al) paul èsar interpretê int al sains ed'' [...] ''fêr n’ativitê o un at ch’al mira a la distrusioun ’d un queydon di diret e del libartê pruclamê(di) in sta Dciarasioun ché.''"
=== Nómar ===
In emijan i nómar fin a’l 3 (tault vie al 0) i j·an al gènar masc e fèmna.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!''sifra''
! colspan="2" |cardinêl
!urdinêl
! rowspan="46" |
!''lunbêrd''
!''francèix''
!''tuscan''
!''sifra''
|-
|<big>'''0'''</big>
| colspan="2" |zeiro
|=
|''zero''
|''zero''
|''zero''
|<big>'''0'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
| colspan="2" |on ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|prem
|''vun''
|''un''
|''uno''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''1'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |ona ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|prema
|''vœuna''
|''une''
|''una''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
| colspan="2" |du ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|scound
|''du''
| rowspan="2" |''deux''
| rowspan="2" |''due''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''2'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |dou ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|scounda
|''do''
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tri ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
|têrç
|''tri''
| rowspan="2" |''trois''
| rowspan="2" |''tre''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''3'''</big>
|-
| colspan="2" |traj ♀ <small>(''f.'')</small>
|têrça
|''tre''
|-
|<big>'''4'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quâter
|quêrt(a)
|''quater''
|''quatre''
|''quattro''
|<big>'''4'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch
|queint(a)
|''cinch''
|''cinq''
|''cinque''
|<big>'''5'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|si
|sié
|sèst(a)
|''ses''
|''six''
|''sei''
|<big>'''6'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |sèt
|sètum ♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''set''
| rowspan="2" |''sept''
| rowspan="2" |''sette''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''7'''</big>
|-
|sètma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''8'''</big>
| colspan="2" |ôt
|utêv(a)
|''vot''
|''huit''
|''otto''
|<big>'''8'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''9'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nauf
|nôn(a)
|''nœuv''
|''neuf''
|''nove''
|<big>'''9'''</big>
|-
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" |deix
|deisum♂ <small>(''m.'')</small>
| rowspan="2" |''des''
| rowspan="2" |''dix''
| rowspan="2" |''dieci''
| rowspan="2" |<big>'''10'''</big>
|-
|deisma <small>(''f.'')</small>
|-
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|ondx
|ong
|coal(a) dal ondx
|''vundes''
|''onze''
|''undici''
|<big>'''11'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|doadx
|doag
|coal(a) dal doadx
|''dudes''
|''douze''
|''dodici''
|<big>'''12'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|trèdx
|trèg
|coal(a) dal trèdx
|''tredes''
|''treize''
|''tredici''
|<big>'''13'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|quatôrdx
|quatôrg
|coal(a) dal quatôrdx
|''quatordes''
|''quatorze''
|''quattordici''
|<big>'''14'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|queindx
|queing
|coal(a) dal queindx
|''quindes''
|''quinze''
|''quindici''
|<big>'''15'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|sèdx
|sèg
|coal(a) dal sèdx
|''sedes''
|''seize''
|''sedici''
|<big>'''16'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''17'''</big>
| colspan="2" |darsèt
|coal(a) dal darsèt
|''derset''
|''dix-sept''
|''diciassette''
|<big>'''17'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|dzdôt
|g·dôt
|coal(a) dal dzdôt
|''desdot''
|''dix-huit''
|''diciotto''
|<big>'''18'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|dznauf
|g·nauf
|coal(a) dal dznauf
|''desnœuv''
|''dix-neuf''
|''diciannove''
|<big>'''19'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|veint
|vint
|coal(a) dal veint
|''vent''
|''vingt''
|''venti''
|<big>'''20'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''21'''</big>
| colspan="2" |vintion
|coal(a) dal vintion
|''vintun''
|''vingt-et-un''
|''ventuno''
|<big>'''21'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''30'''</big>
| colspan="2" |trainta
|coal(a) dal trainta
|''trenta''
|''trente''
|''trenta''
|<big>'''30'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''40'''</big>
| colspan="2" |quaranta
|coal(a) dal quaranta
|''quaranta''
|''quarante''
|''quaranta''
|<big>'''40'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''50'''</big>
| colspan="2" |sincuanta
|coal(a) dal sincuanta
|''cinquanta''
|''cinquante''
|''cinquanta''
|<big>'''50'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''60'''</big>
| colspan="2" |(a)santa
|coal(a) dal asanta
|''sesanta''
|''soixante''
|''sessanta''
|<big>'''60'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''70'''</big>
| colspan="2" |stanta
|coal(a) dal stanta
|''setanta''
|''soixante-dix''
|''settanta''
|<big>'''70'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''80'''</big>
| colspan="2" |utanta
|coal(a) dal utanta
|''votanta''
|''quatre-vingt''
|''ottanta''
|<big>'''80'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''90'''</big>
| colspan="2" |nuanta
|coal(a) dal nuanta
|''novanta''
|''quatre-vingt-dix''
|''novanta''
|<big>'''90'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''100'''</big>
| colspan="2" |saint
|coal(a) dal saint
|''cent''
|''cent''
|''cento''
|<big>'''100'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''200'''</big>
| colspan="2" |duzaint
|coal(a) dal duzaint
|''dusent''
|''deux-cents''
|''duecento''
|<big>'''200'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''300'''</big>
| colspan="2" |tarzaint
|coal(a) dal tarzaint
|''tresent''
|''trois-cents''
|''trecento''
|<big>'''300'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''734'''</big>
| colspan="2" |setsaint e trenticuâter
|coal(a) dal setsaint e trenticuâter
|''setsent trentequater''
|''sept-cents-trente-quatre''
|''settecentotrentaquattro''
|<big>'''734'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |mel
|coal(a) dal mel
|''mil''
|''mille''
|''mille''
|<big>'''1 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |dou mela
|coal(a) dal dou
|''do mila''
|''deux-mille''
|''duemila''
|<big>'''2 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |seinch mela
|coal(a) dal seinch mela
|''cinch mila''
|''cinq-mille''
|''cinquemila''
|<big>'''5 000'''</big>
|-
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
| colspan="2" |deix mela
|coal(a) dal deix mela
|''des mila''
|''dix-mille''
|''diecimila''
|<big>'''10 000'''</big>
|-
|'''100 000'''
| colspan="2" |saint mela
|coal(a) dal saint mela
|''cent mila''
|''cent-mille''
|''centomila''
|'''100 000'''
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijoun
|coal(a) dal mijoun
|''on milion''
|''un-million''
|''un milione''
|<small>'''1 000 000'''</small>
|-
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
| colspan="2" |un mijêrd
|coal(a) dal mijerd
|''on bilion''
|''un-milliard''
|''un miliardo''
|<small>'''1 000 000 000'''</small>
|}
Pr i nómar urdinêj doap dal 10 as paul druvêr la fourma -''eixum'', cunpagna a cla dal tuscan -''esimo'', mo admè in cuntêst furmêj:
Ex.: "Pêpa Bandèt ''sediceizum''", e brixa "Pêpa Bandèt ''coal dal sèdx''".
=== Culaur ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; line-height:10pt; width:99%;"
|'''gènar'''
|'''nómar'''
| bgcolor="white" |
| bgcolor="yellow" |
| bgcolor="orange" |
| bgcolor="red" |
| bgcolor="pink" |
| bgcolor="purple" |
| bgcolor="blue" |
| bgcolor="turquoise" |
| bgcolor="green" |
| bgcolor="grey" |
| bgcolor="brown" |
| bgcolor="black" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
! rowspan="2" |♂ masc
|'''singulêr'''
|bianch
|zal
|mlarans
|roas
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|vaird
|grix
|maroun
|ngher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#E0FFFF"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianch
|zaj
|mlarans
|ros
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèst
|veird
|grix
|maron
|neigher
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
! rowspan="2" |♀ fèmna
|'''singulêr'''
|bianca
|zala
|mlaransa
|roasa
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsta
|vairda
|grixa
|marouna
|neigra
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFF0F5"
|'''plurêl'''
|bianchi
|zali
|mlaransi
|roasi
|rauxa
|viaula
|blè
|silèsti
|vairdi
|grixi
|marouni
|neigri
|-
! colspan="14" |
|-
! colspan="2" |inglaix
|''white''
|''yellow''
|''orange''
|''red''
|''pink''
|''purple''
|''blue''
|''light blue''
|''green''
|''grey''
|''brown''
|''black''
|}
=== Tainp ===
==== Costrusioun tenpurêli ====
{| class="wikitable"
!Emijan
! rowspan="5" |
!inglaix
! colspan="2" |tuscan
|-
|'''a i''' tri ’d avril
|'''''on''' the 3<sup>rd</sup> of April''
| colspan="2" |'''''il''' tre d'aprile''
|-
|'''de’l''' 1933
|'''''in''' 1933''
| colspan="2" |'''''nel''' 1933''
|-
|'''a''' traj our
|'''''at''' three o'clock''
| colspan="2" |'''''alle''' tre''
|-
|'''a’n''' oam tri
|''it's the 3<sup>rd</sup>''
|''è il tre''
|'''''ne''' abbiamo tre''
|}
===== L’oura =====
In Emijan ej our ’j en 12+12. Par dir l’oura as dix al nómar pió la parôla "our". Admè par l’1:00-1:59 as dix l’ona e stiêvo, sainsa "our".
Exainpi:
* L’é n’oura e mèz. - ''It's half past one''.
* É dou our manch un quêrt. - ''A quarter to two''.
==== Parôl ed tainp ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="11" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |dachindrej
|''once, back in the days''
|''un tempo''
|-
| colspan="2" |tri dé fa
|''three days ago''
|''tre giorni fa''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir ’d là
|''day before yesterday''
|''l’altroieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |ajeir
|''yesterday''
|''ieri''
|-
| colspan="2" |incau
|''today''
|''oggi''
|-
| colspan="2" |adman
|''tomorrow''
|''domani''
|-
| colspan="2" |pasê dman
|''the day after tomorrow''
|''dopodomani''
|-
|pasê du dé
|du dé doap
|''two days later''
|''due giorni dopo''
|-
| colspan="2" |l ân pasê
|''last year''
|''l’anno scorso''
|-
|l ân ch’vin
|st’êtr ân
|''next year''
|''l’anno prossimo''
|}
==== Pêrt dal dé ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="9" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
|êiba
|alvê dal soul
|''dawn''
|''alba''
|-
| colspan="2" |mateina
|''morning''
|''mattina''
|-
| colspan="2" |mezdé
|''noon''
|''mezzogiorno''
|-
| colspan="2" |doap-mezdé
|''afternoon''
|''pomeriggio''
|-
|tarmount
|sbasê dal soul
|''sunset''
|''tramonto''
|-
| colspan="2" |sira
|''evening''
|''sera''
|-
| colspan="2" |nôt
|''night''
|''notte''
|-
| colspan="2" |mèza-nôt
|''midnight''
|''mezzanotte''
|}
==== Dé dla stmana ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="8" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |lonedé
|''Monday''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |martedé
|''Tuesday''
|''martedì''
|-
|mêrchel
|mercurdé
|''Wednesday''
|''mercoledì''
|-
|zôbia
|giuvidé
|''Thursday''
|''giovedì''
|-
|vènar
|venardé
|''Friday''
|''venerdì''
|-
| colspan="2" |sâbet
|''Saturday''
|''sabato''
|-
| colspan="2" |dmèndga
|''Sunday''
|''domenica''
|}
==== Meix dl ân ====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |Emijan
! rowspan="13" |
!inglaix
!tuscan
|-
| colspan="2" |znêr
|''January''
|''lunedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |farvêr
|''February''
|''martedì''
|-
| colspan="2" |mêrç
|''March''
|''marzo''
|-
| colspan="2" |avrel
|''April''
|''aprile''
|-
| colspan="2" |maz
|''May''
|''maggio''
|-
| colspan="2" |zogn
|''June''
|''giugno''
|-
| colspan="2" |loj
|''July''
|''luglio''
|-
| colspan="2" |agoast
|''August''
|''agosto''
|-
| colspan="2" |stènbar
|''September''
|''settembre''
|-
| colspan="2" |utoabar
|''October''
|''ottobre''
|-
| colspan="2" |nuènbar
|''November''
|''novembre''
|-
|dxènbar
|gènbar
|''December''
|''dicembre''
|}
=== Noam ed parsouna ===
==== Masc ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
|+
!Emijan
!ipocuréstich
!tuscan
|-
|Adam
|
|''Adamo''
|-
|Adeilum
|
|''Adelmo''
|-
|Adrian
|Adrianein
|''Adriano''
|-
|Agustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Gost
|
|''Augusto''
|-
|Gustein
|
|''Agostino''
|-
|Albêrt
|Bartein, Bertein
|''Alberto''
|-
|Aldvigh
|
|''Ludovico''
|-
|Alfouns
|Founs
|''Alfonso''
|-
|Lisandar
|Sandrein
|''Alessandro''
|-
|Amadî
|
|''Amedeo''
|-
|Anastêxi
|Nastêxi
|''Anastasio''
|-
|Anbraux
|Anbruxein
|''Ambrogio''
|-
|Anseilum
|
|''Anselmo''
|-
|Antôni
|
|''Antonio''
|-
|Ânzel
|Anzlein
|''Angelo''
|-
|Arcânzel
|
|''Arcangelo''
|-
|Arlichein
|
|''Arlecchino''
|-
|Armeni
|
|''Erminio''
|-
|Artur
|Arturein
|''Arturo''
|-
|Avreili
|
|''Aurelio''
|-
|Bach
|
|''Bacco''
|-
|Balansoun
|
|''Balanzone''
|-
|Zemian
|
|''Geminiano''
|-
|Ptrôni
|
|''Petronio''
|-
|Ilêri
|
|''Ilario''
|-
|Baldasar
|
|''Baldassarre''
|-
|Bandèt
|
|''Benedetto''
|-
|Barlech
|
|''Satana''
|-
|Barnabà
|
|''Barnaba''
|-
|Bartelmî
|
|''Bartolomeo''
|-
|Bartauld
|Bartuldein
|''Bertoldo''
|-
|Baxeli
|
|''Basilio''
|-
|Sebastian
|Bastian
|''Sebastiano''
|-
|Bastian
|Bastianein, Bastianula
|''Bastiano''
|-
|Batesta
|Batstein
|''Battista''
|-
|Bignamein
|
|''Beniamino''
|-
|Juxêv
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Biêx
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Biêxi
|Biaxiula
|''Biagio''
|-
|Brighêla
|
|''Brighella''
|-
|Bron
|Brunein
|''Bruno''
|-
|Bunifasi
|
|''Bonifacio''
|-
|Chêrel
|Carlein
|''Carlo''
|-
|Clêvdi
|Claviein
|''Claudio''
|-
|Claviein
|
|''Claudio''
|-
|Clemaint
|
|''Clemente''
|-
|Crest
|
|''Cristo''
|-
|Cunstantein
|
|''Costantino''
|-
|Dagneil
|
|''Daniele''
|-
|Dalmasi
|
|''Dalmazio''
|-
|Dâvid
|Dividein
|''Davide''
|-
|Diunix
|
|''Dionigi''
|-
|Dmèndgh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Meinegh
|Minghein, Minghèt
|''Domenico''
|-
|Doulf
|Dulfein
|''Adolfo''
|-
|Duvêrd
|Duardein
|''Edoardo''
|-
|Dunê
|Dunein
|''Donato''
|-
|Emeli
|
|''Emilio''
|-
|Êrcul
|Arclein
|''Ercole''
|-
|Erôd
|
|''Erode''
|-
|Pilêt
|
|''Pilato''
|-
|Faxulein
|
|''Fagiolino''
|-
|Fedrigh
|
|''Federico''
|-
|Flix
|
|''Felice''
|-
|Fiurains
|
|''Fiorenzo''
|-
|Flêma
|
|''Fiamma''
|-
|Flep
|
|''Filippo''
|-
|Flêvi
|
|''Flavio''
|-
|Flureind
|
|''Florindo''
|-
|Fransèsch
|Chech, Sèsch
|''Francesco''
|-
|Alfreid
|Freid
|''Alfredo''
|-
|Gabariêl
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gabarieil
|
|''Gabriele''
|-
|Gaitan
|Tanein
|''Gaetano''
|-
|Gâsper
|
|''Gaspare''
|-
|Gelsumein
|
|''Gelsomino''
|-
|Gervêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Zarvêxi
|
|''Gervasio''
|-
|Gexû
|
|''Gesù''
|-
|Sêrz
|
|''Sergio''
|-
|Luix
|Gig, Gigein, Gigèt
|''Luigi''
|-
|Zoli
|
|''Giulio''
|-
|Zvan
|Zvanein
|''Giovanni''
|-
|Gest
|
|''Egisto''
|-
|Zuda
|
|''Giuda''
|-
|Gregôri
|
|''Gregorio''
|-
|Gujeilum
|
|''Guglielmo''
|-
|Jâcum
|Jacmein
|''Giacomo''
|-
|Jaseint
|
|''Giacinto''
|-
|Ignasi
|
|''Ignazio''
|-
|Inusaint
|
|''Innocenzo''
|-
|Juxêf
|Jusfein, Jofa
|''Giuseppe''
|-
|Lâzer
|
|''Lazzaro''
|-
|Lurains
|
|''Lorenzo''
|-
|Lusian
|
|''Luciano''
|-
|Maumèt
|
|''Maometto''
|-
|Mêrch
|
|''Marco''
|-
|Mariein
|
|''Mario''
|-
|Martein
|
|''Martino''
|-
|Marsêl
|Marslein
|''Marcello''
|-
|Matej
|
|''Matteo''
|-
|Matie
|
|''Mattia''
|-
|Mavresi
|
|''Maurizio''
|-
|Mêver
|
|''Mauro''
|-
|Micheil
|Miclein
|''Michele''
|-
|Migheil
|Miglein
|''Michele''
|}
==== Fèmna ====
== Ligam ed faura ==
* Al [https://www.reddit.com/r/eml/ Reddit int la koinè Emijana]
* [https://www.instagram.com/linguaemiliana/ Count dal Instagram int la koinè Emijana]
[[Categoria:LINGUISTICA|Linguestga]]
[[Categoria:Emeja|EMILIA]]
[[Categoria:Emégglia-Rumâgna|Emégglia-Rumâgna]]
[[Categoria:Lunbardie|LOMBARDIA]]
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