Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 7

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    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 7</title>
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&lt;div class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;{{TOCright}}&lt;/div&gt;
= Lesson 7: 这是什么? What's this? =

===Text 1===

''[[#Translation for the text|You can check out the translations here.]]''

{{Listen|filename=Chinese-lesson-7-dialogue-1.ogg|title=Dialogue 7 |plain=yes}}


{| width=&quot;65%&quot;
|王明：这是什么？&lt;br&gt;
李红：这是书。&lt;br&gt;
王明：那是什么？&lt;br&gt;
李红：那是钢笔。&lt;br&gt;
王明：那是杂志吗？&lt;br&gt;
李红：不，那不是杂志。那是字典。&lt;br&gt;
||
Wáng Míng: Zhè shì shěnme?&lt;br&gt;
Lǐ Hóng: Zhè shì shū.&lt;br&gt;
Wáng Míng: Nà shì shěnme?&lt;br&gt;
Lǐ Hóng: Nà shì gāngbǐ.&lt;br&gt;
Wáng Míng: Nà shì zázhì ma?&lt;br&gt;
Lǐ Hóng: Bù, nà bùshì zázhì. Nà shì zìdiǎn.&lt;br&gt;
|}

===Text 2===
{{Listen|filename=Chinese-lesson-7-dialogue-2.ogg |title=Dialogue 1 |plain=yes}}

{| width=&quot;70%&quot;
|王明是中国人。&lt;br&gt;
王明是学生。&lt;br&gt;
史密斯是美国人。&lt;br&gt;
史密斯是王明的朋友。&lt;br&gt;
史密斯是律师。&lt;br&gt;
||
|Wáng Míng shì Zhōngguórén.&lt;br&gt;
Wáng Míng shì xuéshēng.&lt;br&gt;
Shīmìsī shì Měiguórén.&lt;br&gt;
Shīmìsī shì Wángmíng de péngyǒu.&lt;br&gt;
Shīmìsī shì lǜshī.&lt;br&gt;
|}

===Vocabulary===
{| width=&quot;80%&quot;
|-
|&lt;li&gt;王明 (Wáng Míng)
|''n.'' Wang Ming [personal name] [Wang= Family Name, Ming=First name/Personal name]
|-
|&lt;li&gt;李红／李紅 (Lǐ Hóng)
|''n.'' Li Hong [personal name] [Li= Family Name, Hong= First/Personal name]
|-
|&lt;li&gt;这/這 (zhè)
|''pron.'' this
|-
|&lt;li&gt;是 (shì)
|''v.'' to be (is/are)
|-
|&lt;li&gt;什么／甚麼 (''Mainland'' shénme&lt;br /&gt;and ''Taiwan'' shěme)
|''pron.'' what
|-
|&lt;li&gt;那 (nà)
|''pron.'' that
|-
|&lt;li&gt;笔 (bǐ)
|''n.'' pen; a generic term for all pens
|-
|&lt;li&gt;钢笔 (gāngbǐ)
|''n.'' fountain pen
|-
|&lt;li&gt;铅笔 (qiānbǐ)
|''n.'' pencil
|-
|&lt;li&gt;原子笔 (yuánzǐbǐ)
|''n.'' ballpoint pen
|-
|&lt;li&gt;毛笔 (máobǐ)
|''n.'' brush (calligraphy pen)
|-
|&lt;li&gt;杂志 (zázhì)
|''n.'' magazine
|-
|&lt;li&gt;报纸 (bàozhī)
|''n.'' newspaper
|-
|&lt;li&gt;书本 (shūběn)
|''n.'' book
|-
|&lt;li&gt;传单 (chuándān)
|''n.'' pamphlet
|-
|&lt;li&gt;吗 (ma)
|final interrogative particle used&lt;br /&gt;to form a question sentence
|-
|&lt;li&gt;不 (bù)
|''adv.'' no
|-
|&lt;li&gt;字典 (zìdiǎn)
|''n.'' dictionary
|-
|&lt;li&gt;人 (rén)
|''n.'' person/people
|-
|&lt;li&gt;中国人 (Zhōngguórén)
|''n.'' PRC Chinese (中国：China　人：people)
|-
|&lt;li&gt;外国人 (Wàiguórén)
|''n.'' Foreigners (外：Outside　国：Country　人：people)
|-
|&lt;li&gt;日本人 (Rìběnrén)
|''n.'' Japanese (日本：Japan 人：people)
|-
|&lt;li&gt;英国人 (Yīngguórén)
|''n.'' British (英国：United Kingdom 人：people)
|-
|&lt;li&gt;新加坡人 (Xīnjiāpōrén)
|''n.'' Singaporean （新加坡：Singapore)
|-
|&lt;li&gt;美国人 (měiguórén)
|''n.'' American
|-
|&lt;li&gt;学生 (xuéshēng)
|''n.'' student
|-
|&lt;li&gt;老师 (lǎoshī)
|''n.'' teacher
|-
|&lt;li&gt;校长 (xiàozhǎng)
|''n.'' principal
|-
|&lt;li&gt;史密斯 (Shǐmìsī)
|''n.'' Smith
|-
|&lt;li&gt;美国人 (Měiguórén)
|''n.'' American
|-
|&lt;li&gt;朋友 (péngyǒu)
|''n.'' friend
|-
|&lt;li&gt;律师 (lǜshī)
|''n.'' lawyer
|}
{| width=&quot;80%&quot;
|
* 笔记本/筆記本 (bǐjìběn)
* 铅笔/鉛筆 (qiānbǐ)
* 英国人/英國人 (Yīngguórén) 
* 法国人/法國人 (Fǎguórén)
* 报纸/報紙 (bàozhǐ)
* 老师/老師 (lǎoshī)
* 作家 (zuòjiā)
||
|
''n.'' notepads &lt;br /&gt;
''n.'' pencil &lt;br /&gt;
''n.'' British people &lt;br /&gt;
''n.'' French people &lt;br /&gt;
''n.'' newspaper&lt;br /&gt;
''n.'' teacher &lt;br /&gt;
''n.'' writer &lt;br /&gt;
|}

==Grammar==
===Chinese Names===
{| border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; 
|-
|style=&quot;background:#FFFFCC;&quot; | In Chinese names, the family name comes before the given name. Family names are passed down paternally and usually have only one character. Chinese given names are usually two characters long, but may also be one character.

Hence a man called 王明 (Wáng Míng) is addressed as Mr. Wang, not Mr. Ming. A woman called 李红 (Lǐ Hóng) is addressed as Mrs./Miss Li.

However, if the person has a western personal name, it is presented in the GIVEN-NAME/FAMILY-NAME format, following the Western convention. Hence if 李红 (Lǐ Hóng) has a western-style personal name of Mary, she is usually introduced as &quot;Mary Li&quot; and not &quot;Li Mary&quot;
|}&lt;br&gt;

In this lesson, we learn how to say &quot;something is something&quot; in Chinese. The first thing you need to know is that the sentence structure of Chinese is very similar to that of English in that they both follow the pattern of Subject-Verb-Object (SVO). But unlike many Western languages, verbs in Chinese aren't conjugated and noun and adjective endings don't change. They are never affected by things such as time or person.

===这(/那)是什么？===
This sentence means &quot;What's this/that?&quot;:
#这是什么？(What's this?)
#那是什么？(What's that?)

The sentences, if broken down literally, shows that the ordering of words differs in English and Chinese:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|------------------------------
| 这/那      || 是 ||  什么 || ?
|------------------------------
| this/that || is || what || ?
|------------------------------
|}

The order of the sentences may seem a little bit tricky, but don't worry about that, we will discuss this later.

===A　是　B===
This sentence means &quot;A is B.&quot;

&quot;是&quot; (shì), the equational verb ''to be'', can be used as the English ''is'' or ''equals''. When used in a simple Subject-Verb-Object sentence, the subject defines the object. Since Chinese verbs never change, no other forms for shì exist such as ''was'' or ''am'' in English. Also, articles like ''a'' and ''the'' are absent in Chinese. They are not translated.

For example:
#这是书 (zhè shì shū): this is (a) book.
#那是杂志 (nà shì zázhì): that is (a) magazine.

===A　不是　B===
This sentence means &quot;A is not B.&quot; in which shì is negated when preceded by &quot;不&quot; (bu). &quot;不&quot; literally means &quot;no&quot;, &quot;not&quot;.

For example: 
*这不是书 (zhè bú shì shū): this is not (a) book.

Now, we come back to the &quot;what's this/that?&quot; questions. We already see that the order is a bit tricky comparing to the English question order. But comparing to the latter pattern &quot;A　是　B&quot;, we find the similarity: their orders are identically the same. In fact, like particles, question words make statements into questions without changing the order of the sentence. To make one, simply substitute the QW in where the subject would be in the answer.

Comparison:
#这是'''书'''。(This is (a) book.)
#这是'''什么'''？(This is '''what'''?)

#那是'''杂志'''。(That is (a) magazine.)
#那是'''什么'''？(That is '''what'''?)

===吗===
&quot;吗&quot;(ma) is a final interrogative particle used to form a question sentence. Adding this character at the end of a '''statement''' transforms the sentence into a question. 

Example 1:
*这是书 (zhè shì shū)。(This is (a) book.)
*:::: ↓
**这是书'''吗''' (zhè shì shū ma)？(Is this (a) book'''?''')

Example 2:
*这不是杂志 (zhè bú shì zázhì)。(This is not (a) magazine.)
*:::: ↓
**这不是杂志'''吗'''(zhè bú shì zázhì ma)？(Isn't this (a) magazine'''?''')

===是/不===
&quot;是&quot; (shì) can be used to answer a simple yes/no question. In this case, &quot;是&quot; means ''yes'', whilst &quot;不&quot; (bú) or &quot;不是&quot; (bú shì) means ''no'' (literally, ''not is'').

How to answer yes/no questions correctly in Chinese? Usually, it's the same as in English, but pay attention if the questions are negative, like &quot;Isn't this a book?&quot;. In Chinese, you answer to the questions, not the fact. If the question itself is a negative answer, use &quot;不是&quot; or simply &quot;不&quot;, vice versa. For example:
*A: 这不是书吗？zhè bú shì shū ma?  (Isn't this (a) book? = This is not a book, right?)
**B: '''是'''，这不是书。shì, zhè bú shì shū. ('''No''', this is not (a) book. = You are right; this is not a book.)
**B: '''不'''，这是书。bù, zhè shì shū. ('''Yes''', this is (a) book. = You're wrong; this ''is'' a book.)

A asks if that's a book in a negative way. If the object is not a book, you should nevertheless approve A's saying first. So we use &quot;是&quot; to acknowledge that A is correct, and then say &quot;this is not (a) book&quot; to emphasis A is right; In the case of that is a book, you should deny A's saying first, using &quot;不&quot; (no) to point out A is wrong, then make a new statement by noting that &quot;这是书&quot; (this ''is'' (a) book). One more example:
*他今天晚上不来参加宴会了，对吗？(He's not going to the party tonight, is he?)
**'''不'''，他肯定要来。('''Yes''', he's definitely coming.)
**'''是''' 啊，他很忙呢！('''No''', he's so busy!)

===的===
Character &quot;的&quot; (de) indicates that the previous word has possession of the next one. In English it functions like '''s'' or like the word ''of'' but with the position of possessor and possessee switched. For example:
#史密斯(Shǐmìsī)的书(shū: book) &lt;-&gt; Smith's book
#王明的钢笔 &lt;-&gt; Wang Ming's pen
#约翰** (Yuēhàn: John)的朋友** (péngyǒu: friend) &lt;-&gt; John's friend or a friend of John's

== Exercise ==
#Replace the underline words, and practice.
##史密斯是&lt;u&gt;美国人&lt;/u&gt;。
##*英国人
##*法国人
##这不是&lt;u&gt;杂志&lt;/u&gt;。
##*书
##*笔记本*
##*铅笔
#Replace the underline words, and then answer the questions with both positive answers and negative answers.
#*Example:
#*史密斯是&lt;u&gt;法国人&lt;/u&gt;吗？
#**是，史密斯是&lt;u&gt;法国人&lt;/u&gt;。
#**不，史密斯不是&lt;u&gt;法国人&lt;/u&gt;。
##那是&lt;u&gt;杂志&lt;/u&gt;吗？
##*钢笔
##*铅笔
##*报纸*
##王明是&lt;u&gt;学生&lt;/u&gt;吗？
##*律师
##*老师*
##*作家*
#Translate the following English into Chinese.
##Wang Ming is not a teacher. Wang Ming is a student. Wang Ming is a Chinese. Wang Ming is not an American.
##*Answer(答):Wang Ming不是老師。Wang Ming是學生。Wang Ming是中國人。Wang Ming不是美國人。
##Smith is a lawyer. Smith is not a writer. Smith is an American. Smith is not a French.
##*Answer(答):Smith是律師。Smith不是作家。Smith是美國人。Smith不是法國人。
##This is Smith's book. That is Wang Ming's pen.
##*Answer(答):這是Smith的書。那是Wang Ming的筆。

== Further reading ==
'''Read the following article, and then answer the questions in Chinese.'''
:你好(nǐhǎo, hello)，我(wǒ, I)是王明。我是学生，我是中国人。这是史密斯。史密斯是我的&lt;sup&gt;'''1'''&lt;/sup&gt; 朋友，史密斯是律师。那是史密斯的妻子(qīzi, wife)，安娜(Ana)。安娜是我的英语(yīngyǔ, English language)老师。

::'''1.'''&lt;small&gt;&quot;我　的&quot; means &quot;my&quot;, we will discuss this in the next lesson.&lt;/small&gt;

'''Questions:'''
#Who is &quot;I&quot;?
#What does Smith do?
#Who is Ana?
#What does Ana do?

== Useful phrases ==

{| class=&quot;toccolours&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0 2em 0 2em;&quot; width=&quot;95%&quot;
|-
|'''Greetings. How to greet people in Chinese?'''
*你好！(nǐhǎo): Hello!
*嗨！(hài): Hi!
*幸會 (xìnghuì) Great to meet you!
*你吃过饭了吗？(nǐ chīguofàn le ma?): Have you had your meal? (This is a causal greeting between friends etc. But it doesn't mean you are asked to a dinner! Another derivation of this phrase commonly used in Beijing is &quot;你吃了吗？&quot;)
*再见。(zàijiàn): Goodbye
*拜拜。(bāibāi): Bye-bye
*回头见。(huítóujiàn): See you later.
|-
|}

==Translation for the text==
''The bracket is for Traditional Characters.''
{| border=1 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 align=center
|------------------------------
|Chinese characters
||Sentences breakdown
||English translation
|------------------------------
|'''Text 1'''
王明：这是什么？&lt;br&gt;
(王明：這是什麼？)&lt;br&gt;
李红：这是书。&lt;br&gt;
(李紅：這是書。)&lt;br&gt;
王明：那是什么？&lt;br&gt;
(王明：那是什麼？)&lt;br&gt;
李红：那是钢笔。&lt;br&gt;
(李紅：那是鋼筆。)&lt;br&gt;
王明：那是杂志吗？&lt;br&gt;
(王明：那是雜誌嗎？)&lt;br&gt;
李红：不，那不是杂志。那是字典。&lt;br&gt;
(李紅：不，那不是雜誌。那是字典。)&lt;br&gt;
||'''Text 1'''
Wang Ming: This is what?&lt;br&gt;
Li Hong: This is book.&lt;br&gt;
Wang Ming: That is what?&lt;br&gt;
Li Hong: That is pen.&lt;br&gt;
Wang Ming: That is magazine (''final interrogative particle'')?&lt;br&gt;
Li Hong: No, that not is magazine, this is dictionary.&lt;br&gt;
||'''Text 1'''
Wang Ming: What's this?&lt;br&gt;
Li Hong: This is a book.&lt;br&gt;
Wang Ming: What's that?&lt;br&gt;
Li Hong: That's a pen.&lt;br&gt;
Wang Ming: Is this a magazine?&lt;br&gt;
Li Hong: No, that's not a magazine. That's a dictionary.&lt;br&gt;
|------------------------------
|'''Text 2'''
王明是中国人。&lt;br&gt;
（王明是中國人。）&lt;br&gt;
王明是学生。&lt;br&gt;
（王明是學生。）&lt;br&gt;
史密斯是美国人。&lt;br&gt;
（史密斯是美國人。）&lt;br&gt;
史密斯是王明　的　朋友。&lt;br&gt;
（史密斯是王明　的　朋友。）&lt;br&gt;
史密斯是律师。&lt;br&gt;
（史密斯是律師。）&lt;br&gt;
||'''Text 2'''
Wang Ming is Chinese.&lt;br&gt;
Wang Ming is student.&lt;br&gt;
Smith is American.&lt;br&gt;
Smith is Wang Ming's friend.&lt;br&gt;
Smith is lawyer.&lt;br&gt;
||'''Text 2'''
Wang Ming is a Chinese.&lt;br&gt;
Wang Ming is a student.&lt;br&gt;
Smith is an American.&lt;br&gt;
Smith is Wang Ming's friend.&lt;br&gt;
Smith is a lawyer.&lt;br&gt;
|------------------------------
|}
----

{{Chinese (Mandarin)TOC}}

{{BookCat}}

[[de:Chinesisch: Lektion 7]]
[[it:Cinese/Lezione 7]]
[[pl:Chiński/Podstawy/Lekcja 7]]</text>
      <sha1>ej6pkoisyb0t8eejhq93lq6o9uh73gv</sha1>
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  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Egg</title>
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        <username>WhatamIdoing</username>
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      <text bytes="26986" sha1="cboqovb8aojlillvjlulju36c74s015" xml:space="preserve">{{Ingredient}}

__NOTOC__{{Ingredient summary
| Image = [[File:Broken egg on black surface.jpg|300px]]
| Category = Basic foodstuffs
}}Bird and fish '''eggs''' are common food sources. This chapter discusses bird eggs only—for [[Cookbook:Fish|fish]] eggs, see [[Cookbook:Roe|roe]].

== Composition ==
For the purposes of cooking, chicken and other bird eggs consist of the following major parts; all but the shell are edible:

* '''Shell:''' hard outer covering consisting largely of calcium carbonate
* '''Membrane:''' thin, flexible layer between the shell and the white
* '''White:''' clear, viscous fluid consisting primarily of albumen protein and water
* '''Yolk:''' yellow center, consisting of fats and proteins
* '''Chalaza:''' fibrous white cord connecting the yolk to the shell

[[File:Anatomy_of_an_amiotic_egg_labeled.svg|center|thumb|600x600px|Detailed breakdown of a standard poultry egg]]

==Characteristics==

=== Shell ===
The shell is the hard outer layer of a poultry egg, made primarily of calcium carbonate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Labensky |first=Sarah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k87uoQEACAAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;hl=en |title=On Baking: A Textbook of Baking and Pastry Fundamentals, Updated Edition |last2=Martel |first2=Priscilla |last3=Damme |first3=Eddy Van |date=2015-01-06 |publisher=Pearson Education |isbn=978-0-13-388675-7 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Its primary function is to keep the egg safe, preventing foreign material and contaminants from getting inside.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; It does, however, contain minuscule pores that allow gases and other tiny molecules to permeate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Amendola |first=Joseph |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bQcxoepvxOwC&amp;newbks=0&amp;hl=en |title=Understanding Baking: The Art and Science of Baking |last2=Rees |first2=Nicole |date=2003-01-03 |publisher=Wiley |isbn=978-0-471-44418-3 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Provost |first=Joseph J. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ydECwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;hl=en |title=The Science of Cooking: Understanding the Biology and Chemistry Behind Food and Cooking |last2=Colabroy |first2=Keri L. |last3=Kelly |first3=Brenda S. |last4=Wallert |first4=Mark A. |date=2016-05-02 |publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons |isbn=978-1-118-67420-8 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The most common colors are white and brown, though specialty chicken eggs may be blue or have speckles. The color of the eggshell has no bearing on nutritional content or other properties of the egg.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Davidson |first=Alan |url=http://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001/acref-9780199677337 |title=The Oxford Companion to Food |date=2014-01-01 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-967733-7 |editor-last=Jaine |editor-first=Tom |doi=10.1093/acref/9780199677337.001.0001}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== White ===
After the shell, the next major component of the egg is the white, also called albumen, which consists primarily of water and protein.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; Unlike the egg yolk, it contains little fat. The white makes up about 67% of the de-shelled chicken egg,&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zeece |first=Michael |title=Introduction to the chemistry of food |date=2020 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-809434-1 |location=London San Diego Cambridge Oxford}}&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Gibson |first=Mark |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jycsDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;hl=en |title=Food Science and the Culinary Arts |date=2018-01-04 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-12-811817-7 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; and it is further subdivided into the thin white and the thick white, as well as the chalazae. The thin white is thinner and more watery, while the thick white surrounds the yolk and is firmer.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Field |first=Simon Quellen |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ub5-k97EnKkC&amp;newbks=0&amp;hl=en |title=Culinary Reactions: The Everyday Chemistry of Cooking |date=2011-11-01 |publisher=Chicago Review Press |isbn=978-1-56976-960-7 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The chalazae are harmless strands that hold the yolk in place and degrade with age.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Figoni |first=Paula I. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ZpUDwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;hl=en |title=How Baking Works: Exploring the Fundamentals of Baking Science |date=2010-11-09 |publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons |isbn=978-0-470-39267-6 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Of the many proteins in the white, ovalbumin is the main constituent.&lt;ref name=&quot;:2&quot; /&gt; The major proteins found in egg white (&gt; 1% of the total protein content) are listed below:

* Ovalbumin 54%
* Conalbumin 13%
* Ovomucoid 11%
* Lysozyme 3.5%
* Globulins (G2, G3) 8.0% (?)
* Ovomucin 1.5%

=== Yolk ===
In the center of the egg white is the round, yellow '''yolk''', which is about 33% of the de-shelled chicken egg.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Like the white, it has a substantial protein content (~15–16%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Zhou |first=Weibiao |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EaimAwAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;hl=en |title=Bakery Products Science and Technology |last2=Hui |first2=Y. H. |date=2014-08-11 |publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons |isbn=978-1-119-96715-6 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, unlike the white, it contains a significant proportion of fats (~32–35%).&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt; The intensity of the yolk color and flavor depend primarily on the diet of the laying bird&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Wolke |first=Robert L. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a0RTvxCedsMC&amp;newbks=0&amp;hl=en |title=What Einstein Told His Cook 2: The Sequel: Further Adventures in Kitchen Science |date=2011-01-12 |publisher=W. W. Norton &amp; Company |isbn=978-0-393-07982-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;—foods like marigold, alfalfa, and yellow corn contain more yellow-orange pigments and will therefore give a more intense color to the yolk.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; This color is generally not reflective of egg quality,&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt; though some may prefer a more intense coloration. The yolk may sometimes have a spot of blood on it—this is harmless.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=The Chefs of Le Cordon Bleu |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Xni7wAEACAAJ&amp;newbks=0&amp;hl=en |title=Le Cordon Bleu Patisserie and Baking Foundations |date=2011-12-02 |publisher=Cengage Learning |isbn=978-1-4390-5713-1 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt;

One important constituent of the yolk is lecithin,&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; an emulsifier that helps blend together fats and water&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;—this emulsifying quality contributes to eggs some of their most useful properties.
[[File:Overcooked hardboiled egg cut in half.jpg|thumb|Green tinge on yolks]]
Heating egg yolk for an extended period can cause it to develop a greenish-grey color as a result of the reaction between iron in the yolk and sulfur in the white.&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; This is harmless but sometimes unappealing. Sulfur also contributes a distinctly &quot;eggy&quot; flavor, which gets stronger with egg age and heating.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

=== Coagulation ===
All proteins, including those in egg white, are made of long chains of amino acids. In a raw egg, these strings are raveled up in a tangled compact mass. As an egg is heated, the heat causes the bonds within the proteins to break, a process called denaturation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt; As these proteins strings unfold and entangle with other proteins, new bonds form between them, causing the coagulation and set texture in a cooked egg.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt; Overheating the egg for too long a period causes the protein network to overly contract, which ends up squeezing out moisture instead of trapping it—thus, overcooked eggs are dry and rubbery.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Additionally, it's important to note that when heated too quickly, the egg proteins don't properly unravel, so they make a weaker thickener.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Gentle and slow heating thereby improves the thickening capacity of the egg.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

Because of their different components, the egg white and yolk set at different temperatures.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt; The following table shows the temperatures at which different egg components denature and coagulate:&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Celsius
!Fahrenheit
!Component
!Set texture
|-
|61–63°C
|143–145°F
|Conalbumin (white)
|Loose
|-
|64°C
|148°F
|Livetin (white)
|Tender
|-
|65°C
|150°F
|Yolk
|Slightly thick
|-
|70°C
|158°F
|Ovomucoid (white)
|Firm
|-
|70–77°C
|158–170°F
|Yolk
|Firm
|-
|80°C
|176°F
|Ovalbumin (white)
|Stiff, rubbery
|}
By combining the eggs with other ingredients, it becomes possible to modulate the temperature of coagulation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Simple dilution raises the required temperature by physically separating the egg proteins.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Sugar, starch, and fat also interfere with the proteins' ability to unravel and reconnect, so adding these also raises the coagulation temperature.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; Conversely, adding acid to the mixture tends to speed up the protein denaturation, which lowers the temperature of coagulation.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;

The texture of cooked egg can also be modulated by physical disturbance. Regular stirring of an egg mixture while heating breaks up the mixture somewhat, which prevents it from solidifying into one large mass.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; This is why stirring a custard or an omelet gives it a softer texture than letting it cook undisturbed.

=== Aging ===
As a whole egg ages in its shell, a number of changes take place, most of which are caused by the pores in the shell. First, over time, carbon dioxide dissolved in the egg diffuses out through the shell; this has the effect of making the egg more alkaline over time, and the egg becomes thinner and flatter.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; In addition to carbon dioxide, moisture also escapes through the pores as the egg ages, and the incoming air expands the air pocket inside the egg.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Thus, older eggs will increasingly float in water.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

It's also more difficult to separate the yolk from the whites in an older egg, as the yolk becomes more fragile and more likely to break. 

If you are concerned about the eggs having gone bad (or a chick having started to grown in it), crack them into a small bowl, instead of directly into your main bowl or pot.  This way, if an egg has gone bad, you can easily throw it out and wash the bowl, and it won't contaminate the rest of your ingredients.  Eggs that have truly spoiled will have an unpleasantly dark color and they will smell bad when they're cracked.

== Types ==

=== Species ===
All birds lay eggs, and several domesticated birds regularly lay unfertilized eggs, which we use as food. For example, [[Cookbook:Duck|duck]], [[Cookbook:Goose|goose]], [[Cookbook:Quail|quail]], [[Cookbook:Turkey|turkey]], and [[Cookbook:Ostrich|ostrich]] eggs (the largest edible bird eggs in the world) are all eaten,&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Chesman |first=Andrea |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Backyard_Homestead_Book_of_Kitchen_K/H9KOCgAAQBAJ?hl=en |title=The Backyard Homestead Book of Kitchen Know-How: Field-to-Table Cooking Skills |date=2015-09-19 |publisher=Storey Publishing, LLC |isbn=978-1-61212-205-2 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; each with their own particular characteristics. However, the most commonly used egg by far is the [[Cookbook:Chicken|chicken]] egg, and the term &quot;egg&quot; without any other qualifiers will refer to chicken eggs in this Cookbook and elsewhere.&lt;ref name=&quot;:4&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Different_colored_chicken_eggs-01ASD.jpg|Chicken eggs of different colors
File:QuailChickenDuckEggsinHand.JPG|Smallest to largest: quail, jumbo chicken, and duck eggs
File:Turkey.duck.goose-EGGS.jpg|Clockwise from top: turkey, goose, and duck eggs
File:Vogeleier.jpg|Smallest to largest: quail, chicken, and ostrich eggs
File:Ostrich_egg.jpg|An ostrich egg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

=== Processing ===
While whole, fresh eggs are the standard, a variety of processed &quot;egg products&quot; are available for purchase. In-shell heat-treated eggs are available to reduce the risk from eating undercooked eggs, though these are not suitable for foaming.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; Raw eggs can also be pre-shelled and sold as liquid or frozen eggs, yolks, or whites.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=The Culinary Institute of America (CIA) |first= |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jl0EEAAAQBAJ&amp;newbks=0 |title=Baking and Pastry: Mastering the Art and Craft |date=2015-02-25 |publisher=John Wiley &amp; Sons |isbn=978-0-470-92865-3 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; They can also be dried and powdered, after which stabilizers may be added to help them whip better.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;

== Sizing ==
Many countries have a standardized sizing system for chicken eggs, though the terminology used by each system is different and may not agree with the others. So, for normal recipes, it is best to avoid specifying egg size. In general, most recipes use &quot;standard&quot; eggs unless otherwise specified, which correspond to USDA size large and EU size M; these standard eggs tend to weigh about 50–60 g each out of shell.

===EU weight standard===
EU eggs are specified as per-egg weight ranges, plus a per-100 minimum.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Size
!Per egg
!Per-100 minumum
|-
|XL (very large)
|73 g and more
|7.3 kg
|-
|L (large)
|63 to 73 g
|6.4 kg
|-
|M (medium)
|53 to 63 g
|5.4 kg
|-
|S (small)
|under 53 g
|4.5 kg
|}

=== USDA weight standard&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; ===
USDA eggs are specified as the minimum weight of a dozen.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Size
!Minimum net per dozen
!Per-egg conversion
|-
|Jumbo
|30 ounces
|70.9 g
|-
|Extra Large
|27 ounces
|63.8 g
|-
|Large
|24 ounces
|56.7 g
|-
|Medium
|21 ounces
|49.6 g
|-
|Small
|18 ounces
|42.5 g
|-
|Peewee
|15 ounces
|35.4 g
|}

== Selection and storage ==
Eggs are most often procured whole, in their shells. When purchasing, inspect the eggs for any cracks in the shells. Do not purchase or use any cracked eggs, as they are easily contaminated.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:12&quot; /&gt;

=== Keeping ===
Eggs can &quot;go bad&quot; in two primary ways. The first is spoilage caused by microbial contamination,&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt; which results in a bad odor and can cause food poisoning. You can easily detect this kind of spoilage by smell. The second way is a side effect of simple aging, where the egg simply degrades in quality and dries out&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;—this does not necessarily pose any danger, but it is reflective of lower quality. A simple method for testing if eggs have gone bad involves submerging them in a deep container of water, such as a glass or large bowl. Eggs that touch the bottom of the container are usually good, while eggs that float entirely are no longer good to eat.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;

=== Refrigeration ===
Whole eggs may be stored at room temperature or in the fridge, depending on how they are processed. Chicken eggs are covered in a protective layer called the cuticle, which helps prevent bacterial contamination and subsequent spoilage. Eggs in the European Union and many other places leave this layer intact, and these eggs can be safely stored at cool room temperatures for up to a few weeks.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |last=Yam |first=Genevieve |date=2022-06-09 |title=Do I Have to Refrigerate My Eggs? |url=https://www.epicurious.com/expert-advice/do-eggs-need-to-be-refrigerated |access-date=2024-06-30 |website=Epicurious |language=en-US}}&lt;/ref&gt; However, some regions such as the United States have most commercially-available eggs undergo a washing process that removes external contaminants but strips the protective cuticle from the egg; this slightly increases the risk of microbial contamination from minuscule cracks,&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |title=Why The U.S. Chills Its Eggs And Most Of The World Doesn't |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2014/09/11/336330502/why-the-u-s-chills-its-eggs-and-most-of-the-world-doesnt}}&lt;/ref&gt; thereby necessitating storage in the refrigerator to prevent spoilage. It has, however, been noted that refrigeration does extend the shelf life of eggs, regardless of whether or not they have been washed.&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; Whole eggs kept in the back of the fridge (not the door, where it is warmer) will remain good for many weeks.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:13&quot; /&gt; Cracked eggs will last for up to a few days.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;

=== Freezing ===
Egg whites can be easily frozen as is,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; though they will not foam as well after thawing. Yolks, however, thicken irreversibly if frozen without treatment. To reduce this risk, mix the yolks with ⅛ tsp salt or 1½ tsp corn syrup per 4 standard yolks.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Thaw frozen eggs in the fridge or cool water.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

==Safety==
=== Food-borne illness ===
Though relatively rare,&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; raw eggs may be contaminated with ''Salmonella'' bacteria, which can cause food poisoning. They should therefore be avoided by those with weak or undeveloped immune systems, such as the elderly, infirm, or pregnant. Note that while proper storage reduces the risk of eggs going bad, it does not eliminate the risk of salmonella poisoning. Unwashed eggs may pick up salmonella on the outside of the shell, which can then contaminate foods, while in rare cases salmonella may enter the egg before it is laid.&lt;ref name=&quot;:14&quot; /&gt; The bacteria can only be killed by heating (5 minutes at 140°F/60°C or 1 minute at 190°F/88°C).''&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;''

=== Explosion ===
Due to the formation of steam inside the shell, whole eggs can explode if cooked above boiling temperatures. Never microwave or bake a whole egg.

== Techniques ==
=== Separating eggs ===
{{main|Cookbook:Separating Eggs}}
[[File:Separating_Eggs.jpg|thumb|Separating egg with hands]]
Separating eggs is when the yolk and the white are physically separated from each other. One traditional way to separate an egg is to crack the egg into two roughly equal parts, and pass the yolk from one half of the shell to the other, letting the white fall into a bowl below; however, this runs the risk of breaking the yolk with the shell and contaminating the white with it. A simpler way is to crack the egg into your clean hand and let the white run through your fingers.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Similarly, you can crack the entire egg into a bowl and gently scoop the yolk out with your hands.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Generally, it is easier to separate eggs when cold, since the yolks are slightly firmer and will puncture less easily.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

=== Foaming ===
[[File:Making meringue - whisking.jpg|thumb|Egg white foam]]
Eggs are excellent foaming agents, as the egg proteins unravel and form a stable network around the air bubbles when whipped.&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; The protein is elastic, so when the egg white is cooked, and the air expands, the white stretches and sets in the expanded position. Egg whites in particular can be whipped to a much greater degree (8 times their liquid volume),&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; since the fat present in the yolks disrupts the protein network stabilizing the bubbles.&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; Even a tiny amount of residual fat from other sources will inhibit the foaming of egg whites.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;

A few things will improve the stability of egg white foams. The first is to use fresh egg whites, which will foam slower but more stably than older whites.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; The second is to add a little cream of tartar or another acid,&lt;ref name=&quot;:1&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; which helps the proteins denature and stick together to form a more stable foam. Sugar also stabilizes the foam, which is why a meringue is more stable than a simple whipped white mixture. Finally, whipping the whites in a copper bowl creates a more stable foam that is more resistant to overbeating.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:5&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite web |title=The Science Behind Whipping Egg Whites in Copper Bowls |url=https://www.thekitchn.com/the-science-behind-whipping-egg-whites-in-copper-bowls-221943 |access-date=2024-07-07 |website=Kitchn |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; Note that cream of tartar should ''not'' be used if a copper bowl is used, because it can react with the copper and force more of it into solution, thus potentially increasing the toxic effect.

Note that when using egg whites as a leavening agent in batters, it is better to whip them to medium rather than stiff peaks. This is because stiff peaks will be harder to incorporate into the batter and risk deflating during the process, and because stiff whites can over-expand and collapse when heated in the oven.

=== Tempering ===
Eggs must always be [[Cookbook:Tempering|tempered]] when incorporating them into hot liquids.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; Otherwise, you risk curdling the eggs before they can be properly incorporated.

=== Peeling ===
The membrane and shell of fresh chicken eggs cling to the egg white when it is hard-boiled, making it nearly impossible to de-shell/peel—older eggs are better for this purpose.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; Alternatively, shock the eggs in cold water for a few minutes after you're done boiling them.&lt;ref name=&quot;:9&quot; /&gt;

== Use ==
There are numerous ways to prepare eggs as the focus of a dish, such as baking, boiling, frying (straight or scrambled), and poaching.

Eggs are also widely incorporated into dishes, both sweet and savory,&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt; where they play a variety of roles. Owing to the coagulation ability of their constituent proteins, eggs frequently contribute binding capacity, structure, and stability to cooked preparations.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot;&gt;{{Cite book |last=Stamm |first=Mitch |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yKcakWXTriEC&amp;newbks=0&amp;hl=en |title=The Pastry Chef's Apprentice: An Insider's Guide to Creating and Baking Sweet Confections and Pastries, Taught by the Masters |date=2011-07-01 |publisher=Quarry Books |isbn=978-1-61058-027-4 |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; This is particularly notable in goods like cakes and custards.&lt;ref name=&quot;:3&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:16&quot;&gt;{{Cite web |date=2017-10-01 |title=7.4: The Function of Eggs |url=https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Biological_Chemistry/Chemistry_of_Cooking_(Rodriguez-Velazquez)/07%3A_Eggs/7.04%3A_The_Function_of_Eggs |access-date=2024-07-01 |website=Chemistry LibreTexts |language=en}}&lt;/ref&gt; The fat and water content in eggs help prevent starch retrogradation and slow staling in baked goods.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt; Egg yolks help emulsify various sauces&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt;, and egg whites are used to help remove sediments from liquids like wine and stock in order to clarify them.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt; Through their foaming capacity, eggs are often an important leavening or lightening agent. Examples include mousses, soufflés, and cakes.&lt;ref name=&quot;:6&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt; Eggs also contribute richness of flavor and golden color to foods, and egg washes are often applied to baked goods to enhance their appearance.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:8&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt; 

When incorporating eggs into mixtures, it is easiest to use room temperature eggs.&lt;ref name=&quot;:15&quot; /&gt; In particular, you must not incorporate cold eggs into a mixture with a solid fat, since the cold can cause the fat to curdle and not properly incorporate.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Letting cold eggs sit in warm water is a great way to quickly warm them up for use.

Avoid using aluminum tools when working with eggs, since they will discolor the eggs and impart a grey color.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt;&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot;&gt;
File:Rice-bowl-risotto-food-thumbnail(1).jpg|Poached egg on rice
File:Fried Egg 2.jpg|Sunny side-up fried egg
File:Scrambed eggs.jpg|Scrambled eggs
File:Omelet de la Mere Poulard.jpg|Omelet
File:Boiled Egg - Crossection.jpg|Hard-cooked egg
File:Oeuf cocotte.jpg|Coddled egg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

==Substitution==
In some cases, eggs from different birds can be substituted for chicken eggs. If doing so, you'll want to adjust the number of the non-chicken eggs to get the same weight equivalent of chicken egg. However, it is important to note that non-chicken eggs can have a different ratio of yolk to white, which will impact texture, and they may have a slightly different flavor as well.&lt;ref name=&quot;:10&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt; Generally speaking, it's safe to use non-chicken eggs in stovetop recipes that focus primarily on the egg, like omelets.&lt;ref name=&quot;:11&quot; /&gt;

For those who do not eat yolks, replacing the yolk with extra egg white in whole-egg recipes can work. Many whole-egg substitutes like Egg Beaters are based on egg whites.&lt;ref name=&quot;:0&quot; /&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; Do note that leaving out the yolks will remove some flavoring and emulsification power, and the mixture will set and dry a little earlier.&lt;ref name=&quot;:7&quot; /&gt; 

For those who do not eat any eggs at all, there are a few substitution options depending on the dish. No egg substitutes are perfect replacements, and most are very application-specific, but in many recipes an acceptable finished product can be achieved. [[Cookbook:Tofu|Tofu]] plus seasonings are often used as a substitute for scrambled eggs. [[Cookbook:Cornstarch|Cornstarch]] (1 tbsp dissolved in 3 tbsp warm water per egg) or soy flour (1 tbsp + 2 tbsp water) can be used when egg is required for thickening. For baking, ground [[Cookbook:Flaxseed|flax]] or [[Cookbook:Chia Seed|chia seeds]] (8 g&amp;#x200B;/&amp;#x200B;1 Tbsp gelled in 45 ml&amp;#x200B;/&amp;#x200B;3 tbsp water) can be used in doughs and batters that are dark enough for the seeds to be unnoticeable. For light-colored doughs and batters, 45 ml&amp;#x200B;/&amp;#x200B;3 Tbsp [[Cookbook:Aquafaba|aquafaba]] '''or''' 1 tbsp cornstarch in 3 tbsp warm water is recommended. Other options for sweet or fruity doughs and batters include one mashed ripe [[Cookbook:Banana|banana]] or 60 ml&amp;#x200B;/&amp;#x200B;¼ cup [[Cookbook:Applesauce|applesauce]] per egg. If you want the foaming properties of egg whites, [[Cookbook:Aquafaba|aquafaba]] is a reasonable substitute. Adding ¼ teaspoon [[Cookbook:Cream of Tartar|cream of tartar]] per 4 egg equivalents will help the aquafaba whip stiff.

==Recipes==
&lt;div style=&quot;column-count:3&quot;&gt;&lt;categorytree mode=&quot;categories&quot;&gt;Recipes using egg&lt;/categorytree&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== References ==
&lt;references /&gt;
[[Category:Basic foodstuffs]]
[[Category:Featured ingredients]]

[[nl:Kookboek/Ei]]</text>
      <sha1>cboqovb8aojlillvjlulju36c74s015</sha1>
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      <text bytes="227802" sha1="k52ildm4d80ha7t97cyduu6bohmwho2" xml:space="preserve">Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], 

{{ArosNav}}


[[#Audio Chipsets]]

[[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]]

[[#Rough gfx comparison]]

[[#]]


==x86 Native Environment==


AROS should run on almost any i386 PC hardware so long as the CPU is newer than an i486, and has a &quot;Floating Point Unit (FPU)&quot;. Ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. 


Motherboards supported 
* Most Intel mobos are supported (Skt 775 is ok but newer is better) - additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc 
* AMD based socket 939 am2 am2+ am3+, fusion and am4 ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed 


Supported graphics cards (gfx) 
* Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2017. 
64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs and higher to GTX 900s and '''3D''' from . 
32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT through to fermi gtx5xx and  '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx. 
* Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009. 
'''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards 
* AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2005. 
Desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600. Experimental 2D version for up to HD3xxx came later 
* VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. 

 It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. 


Sound wise there are 

* HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) 
* some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) 


* PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards 
* PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] 
* PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards 
* PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 


Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc 
* PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 
* PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100
* PCI intel pro100
* Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 
* VIA 10/100 
* 3com Etherlink 10/100 
* Realtek rtl8029 10mbit 


Wireless wifi 
* atheros 5000 wireless 
*realtek 8187 usb 


It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. 

* mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot
* micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. 
* full atx will have more slots available 

'''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. 

Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. 


The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World]


: Brief Timeline

: 2000-12-06 HIDD  first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz])
: 2001-03-31 BOOT  first boot from floppy disk with IDE device 
: 2001-10-30 BOOT  first cd bootable version
: 2002-01-27 HIDD  first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz)
: 2002-04-13 BOOT  software HDToolBox added ()
: 2003-04-03 HIDD  vesa2.hidd graphic modes added ()
: 2004-03-08 HIDD  new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz)
: 2004-03-17 HIDD  nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-01-05 AHI   AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom)
: 2005-01-06 AHI   SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger)
: 2005-02-04 AHI   AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) 
: 2005-06-27 NIC   amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2005-08-25 NIC   nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-12-24 NIC   Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2006-03-25 HIDD  ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz)
: 2007-03-06 HIDD  vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) 
: 2007-03-08 HIDD  dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) 
: 2007-03-21 HIDD  usb initial commit (Michal Schulz)


: 2007-10-01 BOOT  Installer added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2007-11-29 PORT  64bit x86 added  (Michal Schulz) 
: 2008-04-12 BOOT  GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews)
: 2008-08-26 NIC   RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) 
: 2008-10-22 PORT  to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz)
: 2009-02-25 PORT  to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) 
: 2009-05-18 HIDD  poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) 
: 2009-11-18 NIC   RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet])
: 2009-12-23 AHI   HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler)
: 2010-03-09 BOOT  USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2010-05-26 HIDD  Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz)
: 2010-09-03 NIC   Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2011-04-30 HIDD  Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support (Deadwood) 
: 2011-08-30 HIDD  Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft)
: 2011-09-17 NIC   Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2011-12-09 HIDD  Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) 


: 2013-02-25 AHI   AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2013-03-31 PORT  early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) 
: 2014-01-16 AHI   Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2017-02-17 PORT  Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz)
: 2018-10-20 PORT  Big Endian ARM 
: 2021-11-26 NIC   Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2023-01-12 NIC   Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2025-11    HIDD  xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews)


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Audio Chipsets===

'''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' 


====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI====

*2021 5.27 

as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. 

The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). 

Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
|
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1370 (u?)   AK4531 (u?)
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
| 0x00
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
|
|-
| CT4700  Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5000
| 0x7c
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works -  opamp JRC4565(u?)  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) 
|-
| CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4565-1056W (u1)  stac9708t(u2)  [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3)  24wc012 (u4) 
|-
| CT4751 (SB128PCI) 
| 0x1274
| 0x8001
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) 
|-
| CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V
| 0x1274 
| 0x1371 
| 0x06
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4812 (Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4813 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4815 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). 
|-
| CT5801 HP 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5803 Gateway 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works  4565-0005b jrc (u1)    4297a-jq ztae0c0002  (u2)    es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT4740
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 
|-
| CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7  
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5806  (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?)  ZTAPWC9933 (u2)   es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1373 (u?) 
|-
| CT5808
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938
| 0x1102
| 0x8938
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT5880 on various motherboards 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5880 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, 
|-
| VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x02
| {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;pre&gt;
Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A  
Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B  

Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A  
Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C  
Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D  
Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E  

Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B  
Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A  
Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8  
&lt;/pre&gt;


====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio====

*2021 5.10 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686B KT133A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x50
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM333 KT333 with VT8235 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x30
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x40 0x50 0x60 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy====

*2021 6.5

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1)
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested (1st Gen)
|-
| Live CT4620 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested             
|-
| Live CT4760 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| playback works
|-
| Live Value CT4670 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| works plays stereo (2nd Gen)
|-
| Live Value DELL CT4780 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x06
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode
|-
| Live Value Compaq CT4830 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| not working 
|-
| Live Value CT4831 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{partial|Line-In only}}
| works
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x08
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works
|-
| Live Value HP CT4870 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| Works
|-
| Live Value Gateway CT4871 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen)
|-
| Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Live 5.1 Player SB0220 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1
|-
| Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| working 
|-
| Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2)
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Audigy SB0230 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1102
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0004
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x03
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Mic only}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested)
|-
| Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx
| 0x1102 
| 0x0006 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| 
|-
| Live 24bit SB0410 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Live 24bit DELL SB0413 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy LS SB0310 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570
| 0x1102
| 0x0007
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO)
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 PRO SB0380
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 
| 0x1102 
| 0x000
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver but linux support needs firmware 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out 
the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 


====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media====

*2021 5.20 

;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Audiotrak MAYA EX5 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| cmi8738-sx 4ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested
|-
| e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EDio SC3000D 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{no}}
| 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec 5.1 PCI 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| Has SPDIF
|-
| Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| XSonic CMI 8738 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision 
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x13f6
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0111
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Chinese based card with playback tested so far 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2001-2005 ac97.audio====

*6.4 27-12-2008 


The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns 

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 

The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC200 and ALC201 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC201A and ALC202  and ALC202A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC650 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC850 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Acorp 7NFU400 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8080
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x24c5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881 SoundMAX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Analog Devices first AC97 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1885 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1886 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1887 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ADI AD1888 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 1.51
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1981A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM X30 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1985 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1986 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM T23
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x103c
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3085 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI 6501 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9738
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9739
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI 9739A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;STAC9708T codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VIA VT1612, VT82C686
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1968
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1978
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1988
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x12
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ymf-753 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451
| 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) 
| 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX)
| 0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| no support - introduced early 2000s
|-
| SIS 7012 
| 0x1039
| 0x7012
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM9717 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Parallels 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| VirtualBox
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working
|-
| VirtualPC
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel 82801AA Proxmox 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio====

*6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] 
*6.35 202  [] 
*6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards 
*6.29 2018 
*6.27 2017 update
*6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x 
*6.20 July 2012 
*6.17 Nov 2011 
*6.15 Jun 2011
*[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=109 6.13] Sep 2010


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC260 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC262 
* ALC262-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC268 codec
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. 
|-
| [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] 
* ALC269Q-GR
* ALC269QSRS-GR
* ALC269W-GR 
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 &amp; co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] 
|-
| [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] 
* ALC269Q-VB5-GR 
* ALC269Q-VB6-CG 
* ALC269Q-VB6-GR 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, 
* v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13
* v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 
|-
| [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202]
* ALC269Q-VC2-GR
* ALC269Q-VC3-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100203, 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;SMT SMD QFN-48 - 
* v1 unknown
* v2 unknown
* v3 x230, dell wyse, 
|-
| ALC272 
* ALC272-VA4-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0272
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC273 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC270 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC282 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;needs retest 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC660 ALC660-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* works asus F9s, F9e 
* untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC661-GR (2011) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC662 
| 0x1043
| 0x82a1
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}}
| 
* works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663]  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0861
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.13}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance 
* not working Asus n50vn x71vn, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC665 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC666 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC667
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC668 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC880 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;some 915 and 925 chipset mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC882M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some early versions work }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), 
|-
| Codec ALC885 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0885
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888s
* ALC888S-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC888b
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo),  
|-
| ALC888-VD
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested 
|-
| ALC889A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 Gr
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} with crackles 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Tested with MSI H55 board 
|-
| ALC887 ALC887-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 
|-
| ALC887-VD-CG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 
| 
|-
| ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887 0x1458
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} index = 2 
| ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead 
* working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), 
* not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, 
|-
| ALC887-VD2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 3jacks 
|-
| ALC887-VD2-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC887-
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC892-CG rev
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - 
|-
| ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 2009 introduced 
* works 
* not working 
* untested 
|-
| ALC892 rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0892
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2014 
|-
| Realtek ALC886-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD 
| 0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0663
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
* not working Toshiba Tecra A7 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC898 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3232 (aka ALC292) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0292
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3234 aka ALC255 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0255 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;003
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3287 aka ALC257
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1882 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1883 HD Codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1884 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| IBM Thinkpad T60, 
|-
| AD1984 hp-m4 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, 
|-
| AD1986 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| AD1988
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1988A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4207
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4208 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|very very very low volume}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549-12Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested HP 530 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20561 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working lenovo x200s
* untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20582 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20585 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20672 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20671 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20751-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11852 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11880 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Silicon Labs 3054 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VIA 1708A
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested, 
|-
| VIA VT1708B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| 0x0010
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|VIA PicoITX}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| VIA 1708S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}  
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VT2021 10ch
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Creative CA0110-IBG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), 
|-
| IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works HP Compaq mini 110
* untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, 
|-
| IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel D5400XS, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD73C
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD75B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x111d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7608
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required]
* untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD81XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD83XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 92HD89XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM8860 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. 

 Output &lt;- Codec &lt;- Audio Controller (HDA) &lt;-&gt; Computer 

codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a &quot;codec&quot;. Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. 

Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 

 Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. 


Things to try if sound not working 

* try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa 
* make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... 
* even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters 
* it might be internally muted 


&lt;pre&gt;
add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Bifteck &gt; RAM:audio.txt
&lt;/pre&gt;

or 

&lt;pre&gt;
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; RAM:audio.txt
Run ahi prefs
Click test tone button 
Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add &quot;debug=memory&quot; to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. 

or 

* try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line 
* '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file 
* Reboot
* open a shell
* type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi &gt; ram:debug.txt
* open ahi prefs
* select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise 
* press the 'test sound' button
* press ctrl-c in the shell
* post the results to Aros-World


The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. 

HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs 


====Envy24 series ====

A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). 

There are PCI Express versions appearing. 

The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards.

N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. 


=====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Playback
! Recording
! Comments
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| works audio out on   - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001  2001 REV-B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B  or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps 
* be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues 
|-
| M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;M-Audio Delta DiO 2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Terratec EWX24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1412
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1712
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| untested  - AKM  and codec
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWSA88MT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1212M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1616M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Value
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
    Event Electronics EZ8
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Digigram VX442
    Lionstracs
    Mediastation
    Terrasoniq TS 88
    Roland/Edirol DA-2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


=====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ESI Juli@
| 0x3031
| 0x4553
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K 
| 0x3031
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3631
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192
| 0x1412
| 0x3630 0x1724 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1147
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - discontinued 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] 
| 0x153b
| 0x1145
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - semaphore error on rev 3 -  DAC    ADC  
|-
| Terratec Phase 22
| 0x153b
| 0x1150
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| Terratec Phase 28
| 0x153b
| 0x1149 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Playback 
| Recording
| Revision 
| Comments
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1
| 0x4933
| 0x4553
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT
| 0x3132
| 0x4154
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - STAC9460S codec 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Echo Layla 24/96 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3632
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ONKYO SE-150PCI
| 0x160b
| 0x0001
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESI Waveterminal 192x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quartet 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9840 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Not detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVidia HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Graphic GFX Chipsets===

[https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. 

AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets 
* Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, 
* Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, 

The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 


2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench &gt; out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 


3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], 


HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up 

&lt;pre&gt;
HDMI (licensing fee)
1.2 720p res. 
1.3 1080 resolution 
1.4  4K @ 30Hz
2.0  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 
2.2 ultra96 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 

1.4  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
GPMI chinese standard 

2.0

&lt;/pre&gt;


Might be supported on AROS 

*OpenGL4 GPU must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support, which is a hard requirement for GL 4.0. The max last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) on [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] and Nvidia RTX might come to AROS) but Intel UHD, Iris Plus or Xe or Arc will not unless a developer wants the challenge 
*OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) 

Already supported on AROS 

*OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau on Aros 32bit, 
*OpenGL1 intel gma950 on Aros 32bit and 64bit, 


====vga.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====vesa.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour -  no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]====

DVI output is not supported at the moment. 

If having problems:

* Ensure the latest version is being used. 
* Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test 
* Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon.

If still having problems:

* At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory
* Boot.
* Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck &gt; RAM:debug.txt
* And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;3%&quot; |Rev
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Laptop LCD
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work 
|-
| 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GL 82915GL GMCH 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GV 82915GV GMCH
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| HP DC5100 small form factor 
|-
| 915GM GMA900
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel  gearbox  }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| asus eee pc 900 
|-
| 915GMS 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel   }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) 
| 0x8086
| 0x2772
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, 
|-
| 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27a2
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| Dell D430 
|-
| 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27ae
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No|dvi port}}
| {{Yes| }}
| for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks
* 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, 
|-
| 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945GC 82945GC MCH
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945PM 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, 
|-
| 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|most models}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| 
* 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, 
* 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400,  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GMA 3100 G31 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| GMA 3100 G33 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; G965
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; Q965 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2992
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Only tested with VGA output.
|-
| 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output 
* untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, 
|-
| 960GM X3100 (400 MHz)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| 965M X3100 (400 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Dell D830, 
|-
| 965PM ??
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GL965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GM965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GMA X3500 G35 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42 0x2a43
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x07
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt; {{Yes| VESA}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====[http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)====

 PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS 

*Desktop, more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia on Aros 32bit but on Aros 64bit ...
*Laptop, limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations on 32bit but on 64bit ...) 

Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc

* 2026-06 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   20.0 Mesa OpenCL
* 2011-10 - DEVS  6.11 Nouveau.hidd  7.4 Gallium.hidd  9.4 Softpipe - LIBS  2.3 Gallium  1.3 GLU  19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x 
* 2011-04 - DEVS  5.31 Nouveau.hidd  7.3 Gallium.hidd  9.3 Softpipe - LIBS  2.2 Gallium  1.1 GLU  18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a


Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ...
 On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) 
 On Aros 64bit 

ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the &quot;`&quot; key and type &quot;Timedemo demo1&quot; in the console 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|-
| NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  
|-
| Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) 9600GT ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA3 (GT215) GT240 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) gt210 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) ION2 || 38,4 || 53,9 || 61,7 || Not Detected || Not Detected || Not Detected 
|-
| NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE0 Kepler GT630 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  || 
|-
| NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV126 (GM206) GTX950 upwards no reclocking || N/A || N/A || N/A || poor || poor || poor
|-
| NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware  || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown  
|-
| HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|very slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt vanta lt (nv06)  1998 /9
| 0x10de
| 0x002c
| 0x15
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| untested Geforce256 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003)
| 0x10DE
| 0x0322 0x
| 0xA1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|  }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 
* not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&amp;page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] 
* working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver 
* Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD 
|-
| Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| Geforce 5100 (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5200 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600SE
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700VE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700LE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 (NV30)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900ZT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5950 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 5xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F3 0x014F 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| use 5.28}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1  needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006)
| 0x
| 0x0221
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2
* not working 
*working
|-
| GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) 
| 0x
| 0x0161
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) 
| 0x
| 0x0162
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 6200 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x0163
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| PCI-E 
|-
| GeForce 6600 LE
| 0x
| 0x00F4 0x0142 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 
| 0x
| 0x00F2 0x0141
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX
|-
| Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F1 0x0140
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  OpenGL tests - 
|-
| Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x)
| 0x
| 0x0043 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 LE 
| 0x
| 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400)
| 0x
| 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800 GS
| 0x
| 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 
| 0x
| 0x0040 0x0F9 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800XT
| 0x
| 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 VE  
| 0x
| 0x0143
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6500 NV44 
| 0x
| 0x0160 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6250 
| 0x
| 0x0169 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 7800 GTX 
| 0x
| 0x0090 0x0091 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel  gearbox  cube  cube2 25}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - 
* not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - 
* Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports 
* Untested 
|-
| GeForce 7800 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0092
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x02E0 0x0391
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 2.1 
* not working 
* working 
|-
| GeForce 7800 SLI  
| 0x
| 0x0095 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GTX  
| 0x
| 0x0290
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GT GTO  
| 0x
| 0x0291
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0292
| 0x0a1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 
|-
| GeForce 7950 GX2  
| 0x10de
| 0x0293 0x0294
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7950 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0295 0x02E4
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x
| 0x02E3
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x02E1 0x0392
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7650 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0390
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0394 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0093 0x00F5 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 
|-
| GeForce 7100 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x016A
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7350 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) 
| 0x10de 
| 0x01D3
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - 
* not working Asus on via chipset (2015), 
* works Asus on intel chipset (2015), 
|-
| Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0395 0x0393
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 7300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DF 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7500 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DD
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7xxx 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0194
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration 
|-
| Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 200w openGL3  openCL - 2x6pin psu 
* not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, 
* works 
|-
| Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, 
* not working 
* working 
* untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;DVI up to 2500 x 1600
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required
* not working 
* untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT (G92)
| 0x10de
| 0x0611 
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]]
|-
| Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0401 0x0402 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8500 GT G86 based chipset 
| 0x10de
| 0x0421
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL tests - max opengl 3.x but 2.1 offered - max res 
* works Gigabyte 8500 GT, 
* not working 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GS 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0606 0x060D 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| GeForce 8600GS 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B  
|-
| GeForce 8300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0423
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007)    GT218 (2009)
* Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. 
* Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0424 0x0422 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works digital part of DVI but nothing from any display port}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output, supporting up to one 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G98 VP3 pci-e 2.0 512MB DDR2 - 
* not working 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007)
* Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. 
| 0x10de
| 0x0404 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output up to 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G86 VP2 128MB - 
* not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, 
|-
| GeForce 8400 SE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0420
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 2.x openCL 
|-
| NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 socket}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - 
|-
| Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA 2d}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0604
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 150w - 65nm technology 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX 
| 0x10de
| 0x0612
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 2x6pin psu - 
* not working xfx on via chipset (2015),  
* works xfx on chipset intel , 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX+ 
| 0x10de
| 0x0613
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* works on a few models 
|-
| Geforce 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0614
| 0x0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 495  gearbox 513  Cube 156  Cube2 120   Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.1  openCL 1.x - case dual slot - 600w 26amp on both 12v rails for 2x6pin psu on gfx card - no fan control - some come with 1x6pin - renamed version of the venerable GeForce 8800 GT - randomly works 
* not working Gainward 512M untested 
* working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) 
|-
| Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0622
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 493  gearbox 675  Cube  Cube2 100  Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - 
* not working  bfg tech ocx, 
* works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i -
|-
| Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0640
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel 480  gearbox 500  Cube  Cube2 64  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.2 - case single slot - 350 Watt/400 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 18 Amp/22 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - 
* not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, 
* works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2,  
|-
| GeForce 9600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x0623
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working  
* works 
|-
| GeForce 9600 GSO 
| 0x
| 0x0610
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - 
|-
| GeForce 9300 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x06E1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9400 GT  (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9xxx   (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro FX 580 G96 chipset 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
NV84 (G84) 	GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, 
NV92 (G92) 	GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX)
GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX)
NV96 (G96) 	GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), 
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA0 (GT200) Tesla GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E1
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or &quot;VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 260
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|Vesa}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - 
|-
| Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009)  
| 0x10de
| 0x0615
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 486  gearbox 508-642  Cube   Cube2 80   Quake3 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - 
* not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - 
* works  PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ca3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;late 2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - All are pcie 2.1 cards and may not work in 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 with 512MB or 1GB - 
* DDR5 -Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT220 (GT216) G220 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a20
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 2.0.3 GeForce GT220 1GB[[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]]
* untested NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, 
|-
| Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b)
| 0x10de
| 0x0a20
| 0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI but not 1x HDMI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - 
* not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - 
* works  - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a65
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 31W OpenGL 3.3  pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - 
* working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - 
* untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, 
* not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia ION2 9400M class (GT218) Tesla 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3), NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - 
*not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 50w OpenGL 3.3  openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; 2 dp 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; GTX 470, GTX 480   GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1  Tessellation - case dual slots - 
|-
| Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 
| 0x10de
| 0x0e22
| 0xa1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel  gearbox  cube 055-111   cube2 50}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVC0 family (Fermi) OpenGL 4.x but  - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR
* works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0e23
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x91 or 0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; nouveau 6.11 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - 
|-
| Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106  
| 0x10de
| 0x0dc4
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel  gearbox  cube   cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI  }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  2010 Hardware OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau at 3.3  - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, 
* GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, 
* works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* OEM 
* GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5
* GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT430 430GT (GF108) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy await new revision of driver
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 590   Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 580, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 5&quot; or &quot;VP5&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160  H.264 decode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 570, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works gigabyte, evga 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, 
* Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit 
* Ti 256bit 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 560 Ti  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 550 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1201
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA  Doom   Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - 
* untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) -  - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 545 and OEM GF116 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT530 OEM 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT520 520GT  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;510, GT 530    
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; ddr 3 - 50w max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT610 Fermi GF119 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 315 300 GF119S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT630 GF108 Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not accelerated 2015 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 
* not working Gigabyte 
* DDR3
* GDDR5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 730 (two versions) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 
* not working Asus 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 4000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 5000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 780    GeForce GTX 780 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 6&quot; or &quot;VP6&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 770 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 740
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 730 Kepler (two versions) f
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 670
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu 
* not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 640
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* 128bit DDR3
* 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W 
* 128bit GDDR5 75W 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 620 GT 640 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2000 NVE7 (GK107) Kepler 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 - 50w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K4200 GK104 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 4Gb GDDR5 - 108W 1 6pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K420 1GB DDR3 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 41W - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 750ti, GeForce 900 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;[https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia GTX 750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1381
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 nvidia test 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2200 (GM107) Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 - 68w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K620 Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 50w slim low profile 2gb ddr3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GM based later Maxwells probably little support 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7&quot; or &quot;VP7&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX (1070, 1080)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 50w slim low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce gtx 1060, GeForce 1070
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 Pascal 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 family (Pascal)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  needs gsp firmware and latest nouveau version 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1650ti super 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 old style 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 av1 decoding ampere 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV170 family (Ampere) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}

==== nouveau mobile integrated ====


 If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| GeForce 6100 nForce 405 
| 0x
| 0x03D1 0x0242
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 420 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0241
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 
| 0x
| 0x03D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0240
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0531
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0533
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x053A 0x053B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a
| 0x
| 0x053E
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No| }}
| some support on some chipsets 
|-
| GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73)   
| 0x10de
| 0x07e1
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) 
| 0x
| 0x084F
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce 8100P 
| 0x
| 0x0847
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 780a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 750a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084D
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;works 
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9400 (ION) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x087d
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;If AROS detects GPU chipset, works sometimes 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9700M ()
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce ION 2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works well 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0244
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0247
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0164 0x0167
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0166 0x0168
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Sony Laptop
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 Ultra 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C9
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0144
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0146
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0148
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0149
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D6
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7300 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D7
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D8 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;works 2D and 3d issues though 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x098
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0099
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7950 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0297
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GS 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0298
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0299
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0398
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0399
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6610 XL
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0145
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6700 XL 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0147
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8700M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0409
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0425
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0426
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0427
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0428
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0609
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x060C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0405
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0407
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9650M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0408
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042E
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9100M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0844
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0628
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9700M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062A
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0647
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0648
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0649
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x064B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9200M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600)
Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV84 (G84) Tesla 8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS
Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G
Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290)
GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV96 (G96)  9650M GT, 9700M GT
GeForce G 102M, GT 120
Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M)
NV98 (G98) 	GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS)
GeForce G 100, G 105M
Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450)
Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA3 (GT215) 	GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M
NVA5 (GT216) 	GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315
Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA8 (GT218) Tesla GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 210M, 305M, 310M, Quadro FX 380M, NVS 2100M, 3100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) 	GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G
NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) 	ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAF (MCP89) 	GeForce 320M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC0 (GF100) Fermi GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 5000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC1 (GF108) GeForce GT 415M, 420M, 425M, 435M, 520M, 525M, 540M, 550M, 555M, 630M, 635M, 640M LE, Quadro 1000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC3 (GF106) Fermi GeForce GT 445M, 555M, 630M, 635M), GTX 460M, Quadro 2000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC4 (GF104) GeForce GTX 470M, 485M, Quadro 5000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVCE (GF114) GeForce GTX 570M, 580M, 670M, 675M,  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD7 (GF117) Fermi Geforce GT 620M, 625M, (some) 630M, 710M, 720M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD9 (GF119) Fermi GeForce 410M, GT 520M, 520MX, 610M, Quadro NVS 4200M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE4 (GK104) GeForce GTX 670M, 680M, 775M, 780M, 860M, Quadro K3000M, K3100M, K4000M, K4100M, K5000M, K5100M, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE7 (GK107) GeForce GT640M, 645M, 650M, 710M, 720M, 730M, 740M, 745M, 750M, 755M, GTX 660M, K500M, K1000M, K1100M, K2000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 1650 mobile
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2050 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 4060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====radeon.hidd====

Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1  

3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets

&lt;pre&gt;
2014 SI        AMD HD 7xxx 
2016 GCN3rd    AMD R5E R7E 
2019 GCN5th    AMD Vega 8  
2022 RDNA1     AMD RX5500 desktop only 
2023 RDNA2     AMD 680M 780M 
2024 RDNA3     AMD 880M 890M
2025 RDNA3.5   AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 
2027 RDNA4     AMD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! 2D
! 3D
! Analogue Output
! Digital Output
! Laptop LCD
! Comments
|-
| 7000 (r100)
| 0x1002
| 0x5159 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x5157 
| 0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 8000 8500 (r200) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x514c (8500LE)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| 9000 9100 9250 (r200)
| 0x1002
| 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100)
| 0x0001
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| 9600 9800 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x300 x600 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420])
| 0x
| 0x554d (R430 x800xl)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) 
|-
| x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture 
|-
| HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 
|-
| HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700])
| 0x1002
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 - DDR3 -  GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - 
|-
| HD6900 cayman series 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - 
|-
| HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 openCL  - GDDR5  
|-
| HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - 
|-
| HD6450  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - DDR3 - 
|-
| HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670  
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - 
Radeon HD 8470 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 8350 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 7510 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6550D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6530D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6410D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6370D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6320 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6310 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6290 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6250 	11 	TeraScale 2
|-
| HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7450-HD7670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan 
Radeon HD 7660D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7560D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7540D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7480D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 6930 	11 	TeraScale 3
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands]
*AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT	
*AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde	
*AMD Radeon R9 255	 Cape Verde PRX	
*AMD Radeon HD 7750  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon R7 250E	 Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 8740  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 7730	 Cape Verde LE
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 430, FirePro W2100, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260  260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 Fury Nano 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL  openCL vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro WX 9100, x200 Series and Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 7900/7600 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700/6600/6500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


==== amd radeon mobile integrated ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x00
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 7500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x4c57 (7500)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9000 
| 0x1002
| 0x4966 (9000)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380)
| 0x1002
| 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) 
| 0x1002
| 0x791f
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;X1200 IGP (RS690)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x71c7 (X1650) 
| 0x009e
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 2100
| 0x1002
| 0x796e (2100)
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670)
| 0x1002 
| 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620)
| 0x1002
| 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770)
| 0x1002 
| 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 Maybe better with Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 AMDGPU Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 285 / R9 380  R9 380X  Fury / Fury X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX460 RX560D polaris11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX580 polaris20 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 6000 Navi 2x 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX6000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RNDA 3 navi
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX9070 rx 9060 XT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 rdna4 navi
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 udna (aka rdna5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; GCN 5
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used 


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only 


*Vulkan
*Gallium


Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen.

bare bones basics data flow

 application,&gt;&gt;&gt; api/opengl/vulkan&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, jit compiler, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;memory manger, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;gpu hardware

so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render.

the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance

Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL 

RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. 


==Rough gfx comparison==

&lt;pre&gt;

Group 1

GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 
GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 


Group 2

GeForce RTX 2070
Radeon RX 7600
Quadro RTX 5000
Radeon PRO W6600
GeForce RTX 2060 12GB
Radeon PRO W7500
Quadro GP100
Radeon RX 6800S
GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU
GeForce GTX 1080
GeForce RTX 3060 8GB
Quadro RTX 4000
Radeon Pro W5700
Radeon RX 6600
GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile)
Radeon RX 7700S
Radeon RX 6700S
Radeon RX 6600S
Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile)
GeForce GTX 1070 Ti
GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU
Radeon Pro Vega 64X
Radeon RX 5700
Radeon RX Vega 64
GeForce RTX 2060
GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design


Group 3

Radeon RX 6600M
GeForce GTX 1070
Radeon RX 6650M
GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU
Radeon RX Vega 56
Radeon RX 6700M
GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6800M
GeForce GTX 980 Ti
Radeon R9 Fury
GeForce GTX 980
Quadro M5500
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon RX 580
Radeon RX 5500
Radeon RX 6550M
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 780 Ti
GeForce GTX 970
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon RX 480
Radeon RX 5600M
Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design
Radeon R9 290X / 390X
Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 290
Radeon Pro 5500 XT
Radeon R9 M490 *
GeForce GTX 780 
Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6500
Radeon RX 5300
Intel Arc A770M
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Radeon Pro 580X
Radeon RX 6400
GeForce RTX 2050
Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS
GeForce GTX 980M
Quadro M5000M
Radeon RX 6300
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design
Radeon Pro 570
Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti
Quadro M4000M
Radeon R9 280X  380X 
GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design
GeForce MX570
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon 780M
GeForce GTX 960
GeForce GTX 970M
Quadro M4000M *
GeForce GTX 680


Group 4 

Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
Radeon Pro WX 7100
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 1650
Intel Arc A730M
Radeon HD 7970
Radeon R9 M395X
Radeon R9 M485X
Radeon R9 M480 *
Radeon R9 M295X
Radeon R9 M390X *
FirePro W7170M *
Radeon R9 M395
Radeon R7 370
Radeon RX 5500M
GeForce GTX 590
GeForce GTX 880M
GeForce GTX 950
Radeon R9 270X
GeForce GTX 660 Ti
GeForce GTX 760
GeForce GTX 780M
Quadro K5100M
GeForce GTX 680MX
Radeon HD 7870
GeForce GTX 965M
Quadro M3000M *
GeForce GTX 870M
Radeon R9 M290X
Radeon HD 8970M
Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) 
GeForce GTX 580
Radeon HD 6970
GeForce GTX 1050
GeForce GTX 680M
GeForce GTX 775M
GeForce GTX 1630
FirePro M6100
Radeon HD 7970M
Radeon R9 M390 *
GeForce GTX 750 Ti


Group 5

GeForce GTX 570
GeForce GTX 480
GeForce GTX 960M
Quadro M2000M *
Quadro K5000M
Quadro K4100M
GeForce GTX 770M
GeForce GTX 860M
GeForce GTX 675MX
GeForce GTX 950M
GeForce GTX 850M
Quadro M1000M
Radeon R9 M280X
Radeon HD 7950M *
GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Radeon HD 6870
GeForce GTX 470
GeForce GT 1030
GeForce MX330
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 5800HS 
FirePro 3D V8800
GeForce MX250


Group 6

Radeon Pro WX 3200
Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H
Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U
Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U
Radeon Pro WX 4150
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G
Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE
GeForce GTX 485M
FirePro W6150M
Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M470
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U
Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE
Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U
FirePro V7900
Radeon HD 5970
Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G
Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE
Radeon RX 550X
FirePro V8800
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U
GeForce MX150
Quadro K3100M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R7 250X
Intel HD 5600
Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 460
Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U
Quadro K620
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics
Intel Iris Pro P580
Intel UHD Graphics P630
Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5870
Radeon HD 6870
Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 7770
Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U
GeForce GTX 745
Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile
Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U
Quadro M600M
Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U
Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics


Group 7 

GeForce 945M
Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro M5100
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U
GeForce GTX 580M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M385
Quadro 5000M
Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U
Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics
FirePro V7800
Radeon R9 350
Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G
Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U
GeForce GTX 460 SE
Radeon Pro W5500M
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G
Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GT 645
GeForce GTX 765M
Radeon R9 M385X
Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5850
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G
Intel Iris Pro 580
Radeon HD 6850
Intel Iris Xe MAX
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U
Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core
GeForce GTX 470M
Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 670MX
Radeon RX 640
Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3
Radeon R7 450
GeForce GTX 675M
Radeon Pro WX 4130
Intel Iris Xe MAX 100
Quadro 5000
Radeon RX 570X
Radeon HD 7700-serie
Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 8 


Group 8 
 
GeForce MX230
GeForce GTX 765M
Quadro K4000M
Iris Pro Graphics P580 *
Iris Pro Graphics 580 *
GeForce GTX 645
Quadro M520
GeForce GTX 570M
GeForce MX130
Radeon RX 540
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U
Intel UHD Graphics 770
Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE 
Radeon HD 5850
GeForce GTX 675M
GeForce GTX 580M
Radeon HD 6990M
Radeon R9 M385X *
Radeon R9 M470X *
Radeon R9 M470 *
Radeon R9 M385 *
Radeon R9 M380 *
Radeon R9 M370X
Radeon R9 M275
Radeon HD 7770
GeForce GTX 485M
GeForce GTX 460 768MB
Radeon HD 6790
GeForce GTX 285M SLI
Quadro K3100M
FirePro W5170M *
GeForce GTX 670MX
Quadro 5010M
GeForce GTX 760M
GeForce GTX 670M


Group 9 

GeForce 940MX *
Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5)
FirePro M8900
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R9 M270
Radeon HD 8870M
Radeon HD 7870M
Quadro K3000M
GeForce GTX 570M
FirePro M6000
FirePro M5100
Quadro K2100M
Radeon HD 5770
GeForce GTX 550 Ti
GeForce GTX 280M SLI
Radeon HD 6950M
Radeon R7 250
GeForce GT 755M
GeForce GTX 660M
GeForce 845M
Radeon HD 8850M
Radeon R9 M365X
Radeon R9 M265X
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro W5130M *
Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U 
Radeon HD 7850M
Radeon HD 8790M
FirePro W4170M
FirePro W4190M
FirePro W4100
Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U
Quadro 4000M
GeForce GTX 470M
GeForce GTX 480M
GeForce GT 750M
Iris Pro Graphics 6200
Quadro K1100M
GeForce 940M
Radeon R9 M375
GeForce 930MX *
Radeon R7 M380 *
Radeon R7 M370
Quadro M600M *
GeForce GT 650M
Quadro K620M
GeForce 840M
Radeon R7 M275DX
GeForce GT 745M
Radeon HD 7770M
GeForce GTX 560M
Radeon R7 
Iris Pro Graphics 5200
GeForce GT 740M
GeForce 930M
Radeon HD 4850


Group 10

Iris Graphics 550 *
GeForce 830M
Iris Graphics 540
Quadro M500M *
Quadro K2000M
GeForce GTS 450
GeForce GTX 260M SLI
GeForce GT 735M
Mobility Radeon HD 5870
GeForce 825M
Quadro 5000M
FirePro M4000
FirePro M7820
Radeon HD 6870M
GeForce 9800M GTX SLI
Radeon HD 8830M *
Radeon HD 8770M
Radeon R7 M260X
GeForce GTX 460M
GeForce 920MX *
GeForce GT 730M
Radeon HD 7750M
GeForce GT 645M *
FirePro M4100
Radeon HD 8750M
Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G
Quadro 3000M
Radeon R7 M270
Radeon R7 M265
Quadro FX 3800M
GeForce GTX 285M
Mobility Radeon HD 4870
GeForce GT 640M
Radeon R7 (Kaveri)
Radeon R8 M365DX
Radeon R7 M460 *
Radeon HD 7730M
Radeon R7 M360
GeForce GTX 280M
Radeon HD 8690M
Quadro FX 3700M
Radeon R7 M340
GeForce 920M
Radeon R6 M340DX
HD Graphics 530
HD Graphics P530
Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU
Radeon R7 M260
Radeon R6 


Group 11

Mobility Radeon HD 4860
FirePro M7740
Mobility Radeon HD 4850
GeForce GTX 260M
GeForce 9800M GTX
Quadro FX 2800M
Radeon HD 8670D
Radeon HD 7690M XT
FirePro M5950
GeForce GT 640M LE
Radeon R6 (Kaveri)
Radeon HD 8650M *
Radeon HD 8730M
Radeon HD 6770M
GeForce GT 635M
GeForce GT 555M
Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B
Radeon HD 5670
Mobility Radeon HD 5850
Radeon HD 6850M
Quadro 2000M
GeForce 9800M GT
GeForce 8800M GTX
Quadro FX 3600M
GeForce GT 445M
GeForce GTS 360M


Group 12

GeForce GT 240
Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700
Radeon HD 7690M
HD Graphics 5600
Radeon HD 8570D
Radeon HD 8670M
Radeon R6 M255DX
Radeon HD 7660D
Radeon HD 6750M
Quadro K1000M
GeForce GT 550M
Radeon HD 8590M *
GeForce GTS 260M
GeForce GTS 160M
GeForce 9800M GTS
GeForce GT 430
Radeon HD 6830M
Mobility Radeon HD 5830
Radeon HD 6730M *
GeForce 9800M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 4830
Mobility Radeon HD 5770
Radeon HD 6570M
Radeon HD 8650G
Radeon HD 7670M
GeForce GT 630M
Radeon HD 7560D
GeForce GTS 150M *
Radeon R5 M335
Radeon R5 M430 *
Radeon R5 M330
Radeon R5 M255
Radeon Vega 3
Quadro 1000M
GeForce 820M
FirePro W2100
HD Graphics 520 620 
Iris Graphics 6100


GeForce GT 720M
GeForce 8800M GTS
Radeon R5 M240
Radeon R5 M320 *
Radeon R5 M230
Radeon R5 M315 *
Mobility Radeon HD 5750 *
Radeon HD 8570M
Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B
HD Graphics 6000
Quadro K610M
Radeon HD 8550M
Iris Graphics 5100
GeForce GT 540M
Mali-T880 MP12 *
Radeon HD 8610G *
Radeon HD 6650M
HD Graphics 4600
Mobility Radeon HD 5730
HD Graphics 5500
Radeon R5 (Carrizo) *
Radeon R5 (Kaveri)
FirePro M5800
NVS 5400M
GeForce 710M
Radeon HD 7660G
GeForce GT 435M
HD Graphics 5000


Quadro K510M *
Radeon HD 5570
Radeon HD 6550M
Radeon HD 7590M *
GeForce GTS 350M
GeForce GTS 250M
Radeon HD 6630M
Radeon HD 7650M
FirePro M2000
Radeon HD 7570M
Radeon HD 7630M
Quadro FX 1800M
Mobility Radeon HD 5650
Radeon HD 8510G *
Radeon HD 6530M
Radeon HD 8550G
Quadro K500M *
GeForce GT 625M *
GeForce GT 620M
GeForce GT 525M
Radeon HD 6550D *
Radeon HD 7610M
Radeon HD 7620G
Radeon HD 8470D
Radeon HD 7640G
Adreno 530
GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU)
HD Graphics 4400
HD Graphics 510 515 *


NVS 5200M
Mobility Radeon HD 565v
Radeon HD 7550M
Mobility Radeon HD 4670
GeForce GT 425M
GeForce 9700M GTS
Radeon HD 6645G2 *
Quadro FX 2700M
GeForce GT 335M
Radeon HD 7600G
Mobility Radeon HD 3870
Mobility Radeon HD 4650
GeForce GT 220
GeForce GT 420M
Radeon HD 7530M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3850
GeForce GT 330M
Quadro FX 880M
Quadro NVS 5100M
GeForce GT 240M
Radeon HD 7490M *
HD Graphics 5300
Radeon HD 7510M *
GeForce Go 7950 GTX
Quadro FX 3500M
GeForce 8700M GT SLI
GeForce 9700M GT
GeForce GT 230M
Mobility Radeon HD 550v
Radeon HD 7480D
HD Graphics 4000
Mali-T760 MP8
Radeon HD 6620G
HD Graphics (Broadwell) *
Adreno 430
Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L)
Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri)
HD Graphics (Skylake) *


Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5
Radeon HD 7500G
Radeon HD 8450G
Radeon HD 7470M
Radeon HD 6490M
Radeon HD 8400
Mali-T880 MP4
GeForce GT 520MX
Radeon HD 7520G
GeForce GT 325M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI
GeForce 8600M GT SLI
GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI
GeForce GT 130M
NVS 4200M
GeForce Go 7900 GTX
Quadro FX 2500M
Radeon HD 8350G
Radeon HD 8330
GeForce 9650M GS
GeForce 9650M GT
Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema)
GeForce 8700M GT
Quadro FX 1700M
Quadro FX 1600M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX
GeForce Go 7900 GS
Quadro NVS 320M
Quadro FX 1500M
GeForce 9600M GT
GeForce GT 220M
Quadro FX 770M
GeForce GT 120M
Radeon HD 7450M
GeForce 610M
GeForce 705M
Mali-T760 MP6
Radeon HD 6470M
FirePro M3900 *
GeForce GT 520M
Radeon HD 7420G
Mobility Radeon HD 3670
Mobility FireGL V5725
PowerVR GX6450
Adreno 420
HD Graphics (Haswell)


Radeon HD 6520G
Radeon HD 8310G *
GeForce 320M
GeForce GT 320M
Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT
Mobility Radeon X1900
Mobility Radeon X1800XT
Mobility Radeon X1800
GeForce Go 6800 Ultra
GeForce Go 7800
GeForce 9600M GS
GeForce 9500M GS
Radeon HD 7400G
Radeon HD 6480G *
Mobility Radeon HD 2700
GeForce GT 415M
GeForce 410M
Radeon HD 7370M
Adreno 418
HD Graphics (Cherry Trail)
Radeon HD 6370M
Radeon HD 8280
Mobility Radeon HD 5470
Radeon HD 6450M
Radeon HD 7430M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3650
Mobility FireGL V5700
Mobility Radeon HD 5145
Mobility Radeon HD 545v
Radeon R6 (Mullins) *
Radeon HD 8240
Radeon HD 8250
Mobility Radeon HD 4570
Quadro FX 570M
Mobility Radeon HD 5450 *
Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) *
GeForce 8600M GT
Mobility Radeon HD 2600
HD Graphics 3000
Quadro FX 380M
GeForce 310M
GeForce G210M
NVS 3100M
GeForce 405M
GeForce 315M
GeForce Go 7600 GT
GeForce 9500M G
GeForce 8600M GS
NVS 2100M
GeForce Go 7700
GeForce Go 6800
Quadro FX Go 1400
Mobility Radeon X800XT
Radeon HD 6430M *
Radeon HD 6380G *
Mobility Radeon HD 5430
Radeon HD 8210
Mobility Radeon HD 540v
Mobility Radeon HD 4550
HD Graphics 2500
HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge)


Quadro NVS 310 
Radeon HD 7350M *
Radeon HD 6350M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4530
Mobility Radeon HD 4350
Radeon HD 4350
GeForce 305M
Mobility Radeon X1700
Mobility FireGL V5250
Mobility Radeon X2500
GeForce Go 7600
Quadro NVS 300M
Mobility Radeon X800
Mobility Radeon X1600
Mobility FireGL V5200
Mobility Radeon 9800
GeForce Go 6600
Mobility Radeon X1450
Mobility Radeon X700
Mobility FireGL V5000
GeForce G 110M
Quadro NVS 295 
Radeon HD 6330M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4330
GeForce 8400M GT
Quadro NVS 140M
HD Graphics 2000
GeForce 9500M GE *
GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE)
HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) *


Adreno 330
PowerVR G6430
PowerVR GX6250
PowerVR G6400
HD Graphics (Bay Trail)
Mali-T628 MP6
Mali-T760 MP4
Chrome9HD *
Radeon HD 7340
Radeon HD 6320 *
Radeon HD 7310
Radeon HD 6310 *
Radeon HD 8180
Mobility Radeon HD 3470
GeForce 9300M G
ION 2 *
GeForce 9300M GS
Quadro FX 370M
Quadro NVS 160M
GeForce 9200M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Mobility Radeon HD 3430
Mobility Radeon HD 3410
Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT
Radeon HD 4270
Radeon HD 4250
Radeon HD 7290 *
Radeon HD 6290 *
Radeon HD 4200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics
Radeon HD 6250


Quadro NVS 150M
Quadro FX 360M
Mobility Radeon X1350
Mobility Radeon X1400
GeForce 9100M G
GeForce 8400M GS
Quadro NVS 135M
Mobility Radeon HD 2400
Radeon HD 3200
Radeon HD 4225 *
Radeon HD 4100 *
SGX554MP4
Mali-T628 MP4
Mobility Radeon HD 3400 *
Radeon HD 3100
GeForce 8400M G
Mali-T860 MP2
Quadro NVS 130M
GeForce 8200M G
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M
Mali-T604 MP4
GeForce Go 7400
Quadro FX 350M
Quadro NVS 120M
GeForce Go 7300
GeForce Tegra 4 *
PowerVR G6200
Adreno 405 *
Quadro NVS 110M
Mobility Radeon X600
Mobility FireGL V3200
Mobility FireGL V3100
Mobility Radeon HD X2300
Mobility Radeon 9700


Mobility FireGL T2e
Mobility Radeon X1300
GeForce4 4200 Go
Mobility Radeon 9600
Mobility FireGL T2
Mobility Radeon 9550
GeForce Go 7200
GeForce Go 6400
Mobility Radeon X300
GeForce Go 6250
GeForce Go 6200
GeForce FX Go 5700
Quadro FX Go 1000
GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650
Radeon Xpress X1270
Radeon Xpress X1250
Radeon Xpress X1200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100
Mali-T624
Adreno 320 *
Mali-T760 MP2
Mali-T720 MP4
Mali-450 MP4
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 *
GeForce 7190M *
GeForce 7150M
Radeon Xpress 1150
GeForce Go 6150
GeForce Go 6100
GeForce 7000M
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 *
Mobility Radeon 9200
Mobility FireGL 9000
GeForce FX Go 5200
Mobility Radeon 9000
GeForce 4 488 Go
GeForce 4 460 Go
GeForce 4 440 Go
GeForce 4 420 Go
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 
SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 *
Mali-T720 MP2
Mali-T720
Adreno 302 304 305 306
Mobility Radeon 7500
Mobility FireGL 7800
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 


Radeon Xpress 200M
Radeon Xpress 1100
Mirage 3+ 672MX
Mirage 3 671MX
Mali-400 MP4 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) *
VideoCore-IV *
Adreno 220 225*
Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core
Mali-400 MP2 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 *
SGX540 *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500
Adreno 205 *
Adreno 203 *
GC800 *
SGX535
SGX531
SGX530
Adreno 200 *
Mali-200 *
GeForce 3 Go *
GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100
Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP
Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP
Mobility Radeon M7
Mobility Radeon M6
Chrome9 HC
Extreme Graphics 2
Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP
Radeon IGP 340M
Radeon IGP 320M
S3G UniChrome Pro II
S3G UniChrome Pro
Castle Rock
Mirage 2 M760
Mirage M661FX
S3 Graphics ProSavage8
Mobility 128 M3
SM502 *
&lt;/pre&gt;


Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need...

DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a &quot;vendor-neutral&quot; portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. 

&quot;let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!&quot; - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. 

There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). 

Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. 

Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA &amp; AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD &amp; Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. 


So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like:

* AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (radeonsi)  
* AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (r600g) -&gt; games/apps/etc.
* NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (nouveau) -&gt; games/apps.
* Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (i945) -&gt; games/apps.


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=30%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Fudomi GC888A
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 100in throw projector 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vamvo VF320 (720P) 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Happrun H1 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 100in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Zentality A10 Plus 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 110in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nexigo nova mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nebula mars 3 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;dangbei freedo 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;benq gv50 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. 
AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. 


Bluetooth is similarly unlikely to be ever supported due to huge cost to be certified. 


No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed.</text>
      <sha1>k52ildm4d80ha7t97cyduu6bohmwho2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641746</id>
      <parentid>4641733</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T20:31:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641746</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="228346" sha1="e113nzjfwn0423qmlunly0sqcpx1s0f" xml:space="preserve">Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], 

{{ArosNav}}


[[#Audio Chipsets]]

[[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]]

[[#Rough gfx comparison]]

[[#]]


==x86 Native Environment==


AROS should run on almost any i386 PC hardware so long as the CPU is newer than an i486, and has a &quot;Floating Point Unit (FPU)&quot;. Ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. 


Motherboards supported 
* Most Intel mobos are supported (Skt 775 is ok but newer is better) - additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc 
* AMD based socket 939 am2 am2+ am3+, fusion and am4 ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed 


Supported graphics cards (gfx) 
* Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2017. 
64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs and higher to GTX 900s and '''3D''' from . 
32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT through to fermi gtx5xx and  '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx. 
* Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009. 
'''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards 
* AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2005. 
Desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600. Experimental 2D version for up to HD3xxx came later 
* VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. 

 It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. 


Sound wise there are 

* HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) 
* some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) 


* PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards 
* PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] 
* PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards 
* PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 


Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc 
* PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 
* PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100
* PCI intel pro100
* Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 
* VIA 10/100 
* 3com Etherlink 10/100 
* Realtek rtl8029 10mbit 


Wireless wifi 
* atheros 5000 wireless 
*realtek 8187 usb 


It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. 

* mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot
* micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. 
* full atx will have more slots available 

'''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. 

Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. 


The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World]


: Brief Timeline

: 2000-12-06 HIDD  first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz])
: 2001-03-31 BOOT  first boot from floppy disk with IDE device 
: 2001-10-30 BOOT  first cd bootable version
: 2002-01-27 HIDD  first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz)
: 2002-04-13 BOOT  software HDToolBox added ()
: 2003-04-03 HIDD  vesa2.hidd graphic modes added ()
: 2004-03-08 HIDD  new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz)
: 2004-03-17 HIDD  nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-01-05 AHI   AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom)
: 2005-01-06 AHI   SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger)
: 2005-02-04 AHI   AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) 
: 2005-06-27 NIC   amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2005-08-25 NIC   nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-12-24 NIC   Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2006-03-25 HIDD  ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz)
: 2007-03-06 HIDD  vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) 
: 2007-03-08 HIDD  dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) 
: 2007-03-21 HIDD  usb initial commit (Michal Schulz)


: 2007-10-01 BOOT  Installer added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2007-11-29 PORT  64bit x86 added  (Michal Schulz) 
: 2008-04-12 BOOT  GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews)
: 2008-08-26 NIC   RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) 
: 2008-10-22 PORT  to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz)
: 2009-02-25 PORT  to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) 
: 2009-05-18 HIDD  poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) 
: 2009-11-18 NIC   RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet])
: 2009-12-23 AHI   HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler)
: 2010-03-09 BOOT  USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2010-05-26 HIDD  Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz)
: 2010-09-03 NIC   Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2011-04-30 HIDD  Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support (Deadwood) 
: 2011-08-30 HIDD  Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft)
: 2011-09-17 NIC   Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2011-12-09 HIDD  Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) 


: 2013-02-25 AHI   AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2013-03-31 PORT  early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) 
: 2014-01-16 AHI   Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2017-02-17 PORT  Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz)
: 2018-10-20 PORT  Big Endian ARM 
: 2021-11-26 NIC   Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2023-01-12 NIC   Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2025-11    HIDD  xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews)


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Audio Chipsets===

'''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' 


====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI====

*2021 5.27 

as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. 

The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). 

Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
|
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1370 (u?)   AK4531 (u?)
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
| 0x00
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
|
|-
| CT4700  Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5000
| 0x7c
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works -  opamp JRC4565(u?)  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) 
|-
| CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4565-1056W (u1)  stac9708t(u2)  [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3)  24wc012 (u4) 
|-
| CT4751 (SB128PCI) 
| 0x1274
| 0x8001
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) 
|-
| CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V
| 0x1274 
| 0x1371 
| 0x06
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4812 (Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4813 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4815 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). 
|-
| CT5801 HP 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5803 Gateway 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works  4565-0005b jrc (u1)    4297a-jq ztae0c0002  (u2)    es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT4740
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 
|-
| CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7  
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5806  (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?)  ZTAPWC9933 (u2)   es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1373 (u?) 
|-
| CT5808
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938
| 0x1102
| 0x8938
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT5880 on various motherboards 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5880 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, 
|-
| VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x02
| {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;pre&gt;
Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A  
Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B  

Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A  
Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C  
Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D  
Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E  

Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B  
Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A  
Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8  
&lt;/pre&gt;


====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio====

*2021 5.10 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686B KT133A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x50
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM333 KT333 with VT8235 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x30
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x40 0x50 0x60 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy====

*2021 6.5

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1)
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested (1st Gen)
|-
| Live CT4620 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested             
|-
| Live CT4760 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| playback works
|-
| Live Value CT4670 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| works plays stereo (2nd Gen)
|-
| Live Value DELL CT4780 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x06
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode
|-
| Live Value Compaq CT4830 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| not working 
|-
| Live Value CT4831 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{partial|Line-In only}}
| works
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x08
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works
|-
| Live Value HP CT4870 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| Works
|-
| Live Value Gateway CT4871 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen)
|-
| Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Live 5.1 Player SB0220 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1
|-
| Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| working 
|-
| Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2)
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Audigy SB0230 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1102
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0004
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x03
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Mic only}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested)
|-
| Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx
| 0x1102 
| 0x0006 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| 
|-
| Live 24bit SB0410 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Live 24bit DELL SB0413 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy LS SB0310 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570
| 0x1102
| 0x0007
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO)
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 PRO SB0380
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 
| 0x1102 
| 0x000
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver but linux support needs firmware 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out 
the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 


====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media====

*2021 5.20 

;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Audiotrak MAYA EX5 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| cmi8738-sx 4ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested
|-
| e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EDio SC3000D 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{no}}
| 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec 5.1 PCI 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| Has SPDIF
|-
| Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| XSonic CMI 8738 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision 
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x13f6
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0111
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Chinese based card with playback tested so far 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2001-2005 ac97.audio====

*6.4 27-12-2008 


The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns 

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 

The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC200 and ALC201 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC201A and ALC202  and ALC202A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC650 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC850 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Acorp 7NFU400 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8080
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x24c5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881 SoundMAX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Analog Devices first AC97 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1885 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1886 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1887 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ADI AD1888 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 1.51
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1981A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM X30 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1985 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1986 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM T23
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x103c
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3085 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI 6501 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9738
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9739
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI 9739A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;STAC9708T codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VIA VT1612, VT82C686
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1968
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1978
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1988
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x12
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ymf-753 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451
| 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) 
| 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX)
| 0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| no support - introduced early 2000s
|-
| SIS 7012 
| 0x1039
| 0x7012
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM9717 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Parallels 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| VirtualBox
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working
|-
| VirtualPC
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel 82801AA Proxmox 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio====

*6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] 
*6.35 202  [] 
*6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards 
*6.29 2018 
*6.27 2017 update
*6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x 
*6.20 July 2012 
*6.17 Nov 2011 
*6.15 Jun 2011
*[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=109 6.13] Sep 2010


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC260 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC262 
* ALC262-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC268 codec
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. 
|-
| [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] 
* ALC269Q-GR
* ALC269QSRS-GR
* ALC269W-GR 
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 &amp; co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] 
|-
| [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] 
* ALC269Q-VB5-GR 
* ALC269Q-VB6-CG 
* ALC269Q-VB6-GR 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, 
* v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13
* v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 
|-
| [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202]
* ALC269Q-VC2-GR
* ALC269Q-VC3-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100203, 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;SMT SMD QFN-48 - 
* v1 unknown
* v2 unknown
* v3 x230, dell wyse, 
|-
| ALC272 
* ALC272-VA4-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0272
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC273 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC270 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC282 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;needs retest 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC660 ALC660-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* works asus F9s, F9e 
* untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC661-GR (2011) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC662 
| 0x1043
| 0x82a1
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}}
| 
* works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663]  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0861
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.13}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance 
* not working Asus n50vn x71vn, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC665 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC666 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC667
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC668 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC880 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;some 915 and 925 chipset mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC882M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some early versions work }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), 
|-
| Codec ALC885 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0885
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888s
* ALC888S-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC888b
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo),  
|-
| ALC888-VD
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested 
|-
| ALC889A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 Gr
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} with crackles 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Tested with MSI H55 board 
|-
| ALC887 ALC887-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 
|-
| ALC887-VD-CG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 
| 
|-
| ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887 0x1458
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} index = 2 
| ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead 
* working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), 
* not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, 
|-
| ALC887-VD2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 3jacks 
|-
| ALC887-VD2-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC887-
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC892-CG rev
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - 
|-
| ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 2009 introduced 
* works 
* not working 
* untested 
|-
| ALC892 rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0892
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2014 
|-
| Realtek ALC886-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD 
| 0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0663
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
* not working Toshiba Tecra A7 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC898 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3232 (aka ALC292) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0292
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3234 aka ALC255 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0255 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;003
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3287 aka ALC257
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1882 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1883 HD Codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1884 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| IBM Thinkpad T60, 
|-
| AD1984 hp-m4 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, 
|-
| AD1986 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| AD1988
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1988A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4207
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4208 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|very very very low volume}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549-12Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested HP 530 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20561 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working lenovo x200s
* untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20582 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20585 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20672 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20671 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20751-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11852 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11880 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Silicon Labs 3054 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VIA 1708A
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested, 
|-
| VIA VT1708B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| 0x0010
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|VIA PicoITX}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| VIA 1708S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}  
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VT2021 10ch
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Creative CA0110-IBG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), 
|-
| IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works HP Compaq mini 110
* untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, 
|-
| IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel D5400XS, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD73C
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD75B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x111d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7608
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required]
* untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD81XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD83XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 92HD89XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM8860 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. 

 Output &lt;- Codec &lt;- Audio Controller (HDA) &lt;-&gt; Computer 

codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a &quot;codec&quot;. Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. 

Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 

 Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. 


Things to try if sound not working 

* try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa 
* make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... 
* even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters 
* it might be internally muted 


&lt;pre&gt;
add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Bifteck &gt; RAM:audio.txt
&lt;/pre&gt;

or 

&lt;pre&gt;
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; RAM:audio.txt
Run ahi prefs
Click test tone button 
Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add &quot;debug=memory&quot; to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. 

or 

* try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line 
* '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file 
* Reboot
* open a shell
* type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi &gt; ram:debug.txt
* open ahi prefs
* select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise 
* press the 'test sound' button
* press ctrl-c in the shell
* post the results to Aros-World


The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. 

HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs 


====Envy24 series ====

A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). 

There are PCI Express versions appearing. 

The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards.

N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. 


=====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Playback
! Recording
! Comments
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| works audio out on   - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001  2001 REV-B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B  or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps 
* be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues 
|-
| M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;M-Audio Delta DiO 2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Terratec EWX24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1412
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1712
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| untested  - AKM  and codec
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWSA88MT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1212M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1616M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Value
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
    Event Electronics EZ8
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Digigram VX442
    Lionstracs
    Mediastation
    Terrasoniq TS 88
    Roland/Edirol DA-2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


=====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ESI Juli@
| 0x3031
| 0x4553
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K 
| 0x3031
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3631
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192
| 0x1412
| 0x3630 0x1724 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1147
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - discontinued 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] 
| 0x153b
| 0x1145
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - semaphore error on rev 3 -  DAC    ADC  
|-
| Terratec Phase 22
| 0x153b
| 0x1150
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| Terratec Phase 28
| 0x153b
| 0x1149 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Playback 
| Recording
| Revision 
| Comments
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1
| 0x4933
| 0x4553
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT
| 0x3132
| 0x4154
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - STAC9460S codec 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Echo Layla 24/96 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3632
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ONKYO SE-150PCI
| 0x160b
| 0x0001
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESI Waveterminal 192x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quartet 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9840 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Not detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVidia HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Graphic GFX Chipsets===

[https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. 

AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets 
* Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, 
* Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, 

The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 


2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench &gt; out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 


3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], 


HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up 

&lt;pre&gt;
HDMI (licensing fee)
1.2 720p res. 
1.3 1080 resolution 
1.4  4K @ 30Hz
2.0  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 
2.2 ultra96 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 

1.4  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
GPMI chinese standard 

2.0

&lt;/pre&gt;


Might be supported on AROS 

*OpenGL4 must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support. The last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) on [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] and Nvidia RTX might come to AROS) but Intel UHD, Iris Plus or Xe or Arc will not unless a developer wants the challenge - Mesa 20.0.0 implements the OpenGL 4.6 API, but the version reported by glGetString(GL_VERSION) or glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION) / glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION) depends on the particular driver being used and may report a lower version depending on each driver. Mesa 20.0.0 implements the Vulkan 1.2 API, but the version reported by the apiVersion property of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties struct depends on the particular driver being used. 
*OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) 

Already supported on AROS 

*OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau on Aros 32bit, 
*OpenGL1 intel gma950 on Aros 32bit and 64bit, 


====vga.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====vesa.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour -  no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]====

DVI output is not supported at the moment. 

If having problems:

* Ensure the latest version is being used. 
* Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test 
* Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon.

If still having problems:

* At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory
* Boot.
* Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck &gt; RAM:debug.txt
* And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;3%&quot; |Rev
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Laptop LCD
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work 
|-
| 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GL 82915GL GMCH 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GV 82915GV GMCH
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| HP DC5100 small form factor 
|-
| 915GM GMA900
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel  gearbox  }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| asus eee pc 900 
|-
| 915GMS 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel   }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) 
| 0x8086
| 0x2772
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, 
|-
| 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27a2
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| Dell D430 
|-
| 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27ae
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No|dvi port}}
| {{Yes| }}
| for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks
* 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, 
|-
| 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945GC 82945GC MCH
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945PM 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, 
|-
| 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|most models}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| 
* 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, 
* 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400,  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GMA 3100 G31 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| GMA 3100 G33 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; G965
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; Q965 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2992
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Only tested with VGA output.
|-
| 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output 
* untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, 
|-
| 960GM X3100 (400 MHz)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| 965M X3100 (400 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Dell D830, 
|-
| 965PM ??
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GL965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GM965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GMA X3500 G35 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42 0x2a43
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x07
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt; {{Yes| VESA}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====[http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)====

 PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS 

*Desktop, more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia on Aros 32bit but on Aros 64bit ...
*Laptop, limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations on 32bit but on 64bit ...) 

Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc

* 2026-06 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   20.0 Mesa OpenCL
* 2011-10 - DEVS  6.11 Nouveau.hidd  7.4 Gallium.hidd  9.4 Softpipe - LIBS  2.3 Gallium  1.3 GLU  19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x 
* 2011-04 - DEVS  5.31 Nouveau.hidd  7.3 Gallium.hidd  9.3 Softpipe - LIBS  2.2 Gallium  1.1 GLU  18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a


Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ...
 On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) 
 On Aros 64bit 

ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the &quot;`&quot; key and type &quot;Timedemo demo1&quot; in the console 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|-
| NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  
|-
| Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) 9600GT ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA3 (GT215) GT240 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) gt210 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) ION2 || 38,4 || 53,9 || 61,7 || Not Detected || Not Detected || Not Detected 
|-
| NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE0 Kepler GT630 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  || 
|-
| NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV126 (GM206) GTX950 upwards no reclocking || N/A || N/A || N/A || poor || poor || poor
|-
| NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware  || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown  
|-
| HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|very slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt vanta lt (nv06)  1998 /9
| 0x10de
| 0x002c
| 0x15
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| untested Geforce256 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003)
| 0x10DE
| 0x0322 0x
| 0xA1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|  }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 
* not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&amp;page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] 
* working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver 
* Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD 
|-
| Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| Geforce 5100 (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5200 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600SE
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700VE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700LE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 (NV30)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900ZT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5950 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 5xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F3 0x014F 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| use 5.28}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1  needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006)
| 0x
| 0x0221
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2
* not working 
*working
|-
| GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) 
| 0x
| 0x0161
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) 
| 0x
| 0x0162
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 6200 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x0163
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| PCI-E 
|-
| GeForce 6600 LE
| 0x
| 0x00F4 0x0142 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 
| 0x
| 0x00F2 0x0141
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX
|-
| Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F1 0x0140
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  OpenGL tests - 
|-
| Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x)
| 0x
| 0x0043 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 LE 
| 0x
| 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400)
| 0x
| 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800 GS
| 0x
| 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 
| 0x
| 0x0040 0x0F9 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800XT
| 0x
| 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 VE  
| 0x
| 0x0143
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6500 NV44 
| 0x
| 0x0160 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6250 
| 0x
| 0x0169 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 7800 GTX 
| 0x
| 0x0090 0x0091 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel  gearbox  cube  cube2 25}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - 
* not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - 
* Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports 
* Untested 
|-
| GeForce 7800 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0092
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x02E0 0x0391
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 2.1 
* not working 
* working 
|-
| GeForce 7800 SLI  
| 0x
| 0x0095 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GTX  
| 0x
| 0x0290
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GT GTO  
| 0x
| 0x0291
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0292
| 0x0a1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 
|-
| GeForce 7950 GX2  
| 0x10de
| 0x0293 0x0294
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7950 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0295 0x02E4
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x
| 0x02E3
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x02E1 0x0392
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7650 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0390
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0394 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0093 0x00F5 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 
|-
| GeForce 7100 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x016A
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7350 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) 
| 0x10de 
| 0x01D3
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - 
* not working Asus on via chipset (2015), 
* works Asus on intel chipset (2015), 
|-
| Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0395 0x0393
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 7300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DF 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7500 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DD
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7xxx 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0194
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration 
|-
| Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 200w openGL3  openCL - 2x6pin psu 
* not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, 
* works 
|-
| Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, 
* not working 
* working 
* untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;DVI up to 2500 x 1600
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required
* not working 
* untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT (G92)
| 0x10de
| 0x0611 
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]]
|-
| Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0401 0x0402 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8500 GT G86 based chipset 
| 0x10de
| 0x0421
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL tests - max opengl 3.x but 2.1 offered - max res 
* works Gigabyte 8500 GT, 
* not working 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GS 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0606 0x060D 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| GeForce 8600GS 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B  
|-
| GeForce 8300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0423
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007)    GT218 (2009)
* Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. 
* Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0424 0x0422 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works digital part of DVI but nothing from any display port}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output, supporting up to one 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G98 VP3 pci-e 2.0 512MB DDR2 - 
* not working 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007)
* Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. 
| 0x10de
| 0x0404 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output up to 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G86 VP2 128MB - 
* not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, 
|-
| GeForce 8400 SE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0420
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 2.x openCL 
|-
| NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 socket}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - 
|-
| Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA 2d}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0604
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 150w - 65nm technology 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX 
| 0x10de
| 0x0612
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 2x6pin psu - 
* not working xfx on via chipset (2015),  
* works xfx on chipset intel , 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX+ 
| 0x10de
| 0x0613
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* works on a few models 
|-
| Geforce 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0614
| 0x0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 495  gearbox 513  Cube 156  Cube2 120   Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.1  openCL 1.x - case dual slot - 600w 26amp on both 12v rails for 2x6pin psu on gfx card - no fan control - some come with 1x6pin - renamed version of the venerable GeForce 8800 GT - randomly works 
* not working Gainward 512M untested 
* working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) 
|-
| Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0622
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 493  gearbox 675  Cube  Cube2 100  Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - 
* not working  bfg tech ocx, 
* works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i -
|-
| Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0640
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel 480  gearbox 500  Cube  Cube2 64  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.2 - case single slot - 350 Watt/400 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 18 Amp/22 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - 
* not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, 
* works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2,  
|-
| GeForce 9600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x0623
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working  
* works 
|-
| GeForce 9600 GSO 
| 0x
| 0x0610
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - 
|-
| GeForce 9300 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x06E1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9400 GT  (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9xxx   (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro FX 580 G96 chipset 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
NV84 (G84) 	GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, 
NV92 (G92) 	GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX)
GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX)
NV96 (G96) 	GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), 
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA0 (GT200) Tesla GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E1
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or &quot;VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 260
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|Vesa}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - 
|-
| Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009)  
| 0x10de
| 0x0615
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 486  gearbox 508-642  Cube   Cube2 80   Quake3 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - 
* not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - 
* works  PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ca3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;late 2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - All are pcie 2.1 cards and may not work in 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 with 512MB or 1GB - 
* DDR5 -Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT220 (GT216) G220 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a20
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 2.0.3 GeForce GT220 1GB[[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]]
* untested NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, 
|-
| Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b)
| 0x10de
| 0x0a20
| 0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI but not 1x HDMI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - 
* not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - 
* works  - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a65
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 31W OpenGL 3.3  pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - 
* working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - 
* untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, 
* not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia ION2 9400M class (GT218) Tesla 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3), NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - 
*not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 50w OpenGL 3.3  openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; 2 dp 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; GTX 470, GTX 480   GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1  Tessellation - case dual slots - 
|-
| Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 
| 0x10de
| 0x0e22
| 0xa1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel  gearbox  cube 055-111   cube2 50}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVC0 family (Fermi) OpenGL 4.x but  - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR
* works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0e23
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x91 or 0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; nouveau 6.11 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - 
|-
| Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106  
| 0x10de
| 0x0dc4
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel  gearbox  cube   cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI  }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  2010 Hardware OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau at 3.3  - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, 
* GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, 
* works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* OEM 
* GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5
* GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT430 430GT (GF108) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy await new revision of driver
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 590   Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 580, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 5&quot; or &quot;VP5&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160  H.264 decode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 570, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works gigabyte, evga 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, 
* Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit 
* Ti 256bit 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 560 Ti  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 550 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1201
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA  Doom   Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - 
* untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) -  - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 545 and OEM GF116 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT530 OEM 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT520 520GT  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;510, GT 530    
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; ddr 3 - 50w max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT610 Fermi GF119 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 315 300 GF119S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT630 GF108 Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not accelerated 2015 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 
* not working Gigabyte 
* DDR3
* GDDR5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 730 (two versions) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 
* not working Asus 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 4000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 5000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 780    GeForce GTX 780 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 6&quot; or &quot;VP6&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 770 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 740
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 730 Kepler (two versions) f
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 670
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti GK104 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu 
* not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 640
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
* 128bit DDR3
* 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W 
* 128bit GDDR5 75W 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 620 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2000 NVE7 (GK107) Kepler 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 - 50w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K4200 GK104 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 4Gb GDDR5 - 108W 1 6pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K420 1GB DDR3 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 41W - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 750ti, GeForce 900 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;[https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia GTX 750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1381
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 and tested in 2026 with nouveau test 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2200 (GM107) Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 - 68w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K620 Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 50w slim low profile 2gb ddr3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GM based later Maxwells probably little support 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7&quot; or &quot;VP7&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX (1070, 1080)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support up to OpenGL 4.6 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 50w slim low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce gtx 1060, GeForce 1070
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 Pascal 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 family (Pascal)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018  needs gsp firmware and latest nouveau version 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1650ti super 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 old style 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 av1 decoding ampere 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV170 family (Ampere) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}

==== nouveau mobile integrated ====


 If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| GeForce 6100 nForce 405 
| 0x
| 0x03D1 0x0242
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 420 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0241
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 
| 0x
| 0x03D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0240
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0531
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0533
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x053A 0x053B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a
| 0x
| 0x053E
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No| }}
| some support on some chipsets 
|-
| GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73)   
| 0x10de
| 0x07e1
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) 
| 0x
| 0x084F
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce 8100P 
| 0x
| 0x0847
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 780a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 750a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084D
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;works 
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9400 (ION) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x087d
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;If AROS detects GPU chipset, works sometimes 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9700M ()
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce ION 2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works well 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0244
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0247
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0164 0x0167
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0166 0x0168
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Sony Laptop
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 Ultra 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C9
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0144
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0146
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0148
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0149
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D6
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7300 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D7
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D8 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;works 2D and 3d issues though 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x098
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0099
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7950 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0297
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GS 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0298
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0299
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0398
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0399
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6610 XL
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0145
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6700 XL 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0147
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8700M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0409
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0425
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0426
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0427
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0428
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0609
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x060C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0405
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0407
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9650M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0408
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042E
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9100M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0844
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0628
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9700M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062A
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0647
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0648
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0649
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x064B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9200M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600)
Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV84 (G84) Tesla 8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS
Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G
Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290)
GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV96 (G96)  9650M GT, 9700M GT
GeForce G 102M, GT 120
Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M)
NV98 (G98) 	GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS)
GeForce G 100, G 105M
Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450)
Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA3 (GT215) 	GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M
NVA5 (GT216) 	GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315
Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA8 (GT218) Tesla GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 210M, 305M, 310M, Quadro FX 380M, NVS 2100M, 3100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) 	GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G
NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) 	ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAF (MCP89) 	GeForce 320M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC0 (GF100) Fermi GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 5000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC1 (GF108) GeForce GT 415M, 420M, 425M, 435M, 520M, 525M, 540M, 550M, 555M, 630M, 635M, 640M LE, Quadro 1000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC3 (GF106) Fermi GeForce GT 445M, 555M, 630M, 635M), GTX 460M, Quadro 2000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC4 (GF104) GeForce GTX 470M, 485M, Quadro 5000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVCE (GF114) GeForce GTX 570M, 580M, 670M, 675M,  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD7 (GF117) Fermi Geforce GT 620M, 625M, (some) 630M, 710M, 720M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD9 (GF119) Fermi GeForce 410M, GT 520M, 520MX, 610M, Quadro NVS 4200M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE4 (GK104) GeForce GTX 670M, 680M, 775M, 780M, 860M, Quadro K3000M, K3100M, K4000M, K4100M, K5000M, K5100M, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE7 (GK107) GeForce GT640M, 645M, 650M, 710M, 720M, 730M, 740M, 745M, 750M, 755M, GTX 660M, K500M, K1000M, K1100M, K2000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 1650 mobile
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2050 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 4060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====radeon.hidd====

Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1  

3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets

&lt;pre&gt;
2014 SI        AMD HD 7xxx 
2016 GCN3rd    AMD R5E R7E 
2019 GCN5th    AMD Vega 8  
2022 RDNA1     AMD RX5500 desktop only 
2023 RDNA2     AMD 680M 780M 
2024 RDNA3     AMD 880M 890M
2025 RDNA3.5   AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 
2027 RDNA4     AMD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! 2D
! 3D
! Analogue Output
! Digital Output
! Laptop LCD
! Comments
|-
| 7000 (r100)
| 0x1002
| 0x5159 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x5157 
| 0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 8000 8500 (r200) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x514c (8500LE)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| 9000 9100 9250 (r200)
| 0x1002
| 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100)
| 0x0001
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| 9600 9800 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x300 x600 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420])
| 0x
| 0x554d (R430 x800xl)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) 
|-
| x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture 
|-
| HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 
|-
| HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700])
| 0x1002
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 - DDR3 -  GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - 
|-
| HD6900 cayman series 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - 
|-
| HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 openCL  - GDDR5  
|-
| HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - 
|-
| HD6450  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - DDR3 - 
|-
| HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670  
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - 
Radeon HD 8470 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 8350 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 7510 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6550D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6530D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6410D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6370D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6320 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6310 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6290 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6250 	11 	TeraScale 2
|-
| HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7450-HD7670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan 
Radeon HD 7660D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7560D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7540D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7480D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 6930 	11 	TeraScale 3
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands]
*AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT	
*AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde	
*AMD Radeon R9 255	 Cape Verde PRX	
*AMD Radeon HD 7750  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon R7 250E	 Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 8740  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 7730	 Cape Verde LE
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 430, FirePro W2100, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260  260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 Fury Nano 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL  openCL vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro WX 9100, x200 Series and Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 7900/7600 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700/6600/6500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


==== amd radeon mobile integrated ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x00
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 7500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x4c57 (7500)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9000 
| 0x1002
| 0x4966 (9000)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380)
| 0x1002
| 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) 
| 0x1002
| 0x791f
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;X1200 IGP (RS690)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x71c7 (X1650) 
| 0x009e
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 2100
| 0x1002
| 0x796e (2100)
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670)
| 0x1002 
| 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620)
| 0x1002
| 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770)
| 0x1002 
| 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 Maybe better with Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 AMDGPU Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 285 / R9 380  R9 380X  Fury / Fury X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX460 RX560D polaris11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX580 polaris20 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 6000 Navi 2x 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX6000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RNDA 3 navi
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX9070 rx 9060 XT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 rdna4 navi
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 udna (aka rdna5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; GCN 5
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used 


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only 


*Vulkan
*Gallium


Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen.

bare bones basics data flow

 application,&gt;&gt;&gt; api/opengl/vulkan&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, jit compiler, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;memory manger, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;gpu hardware

so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render.

the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance

Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL 

RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. 


==Rough gfx comparison==

&lt;pre&gt;

Group 1

GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 
GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 


Group 2

GeForce RTX 2070
Radeon RX 7600
Quadro RTX 5000
Radeon PRO W6600
GeForce RTX 2060 12GB
Radeon PRO W7500
Quadro GP100
Radeon RX 6800S
GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU
GeForce GTX 1080
GeForce RTX 3060 8GB
Quadro RTX 4000
Radeon Pro W5700
Radeon RX 6600
GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile)
Radeon RX 7700S
Radeon RX 6700S
Radeon RX 6600S
Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile)
GeForce GTX 1070 Ti
GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU
Radeon Pro Vega 64X
Radeon RX 5700
Radeon RX Vega 64
GeForce RTX 2060
GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design


Group 3

Radeon RX 6600M
GeForce GTX 1070
Radeon RX 6650M
GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU
Radeon RX Vega 56
Radeon RX 6700M
GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6800M
GeForce GTX 980 Ti
Radeon R9 Fury
GeForce GTX 980
Quadro M5500
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon RX 580
Radeon RX 5500
Radeon RX 6550M
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 780 Ti
GeForce GTX 970
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon RX 480
Radeon RX 5600M
Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design
Radeon R9 290X / 390X
Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 290
Radeon Pro 5500 XT
Radeon R9 M490 *
GeForce GTX 780 
Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6500
Radeon RX 5300
Intel Arc A770M
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Radeon Pro 580X
Radeon RX 6400
GeForce RTX 2050
Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS
GeForce GTX 980M
Quadro M5000M
Radeon RX 6300
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design
Radeon Pro 570
Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti
Quadro M4000M
Radeon R9 280X  380X 
GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design
GeForce MX570
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon 780M
GeForce GTX 960
GeForce GTX 970M
Quadro M4000M *
GeForce GTX 680


Group 4 

Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
Radeon Pro WX 7100
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 1650
Intel Arc A730M
Radeon HD 7970
Radeon R9 M395X
Radeon R9 M485X
Radeon R9 M480 *
Radeon R9 M295X
Radeon R9 M390X *
FirePro W7170M *
Radeon R9 M395
Radeon R7 370
Radeon RX 5500M
GeForce GTX 590
GeForce GTX 880M
GeForce GTX 950
Radeon R9 270X
GeForce GTX 660 Ti
GeForce GTX 760
GeForce GTX 780M
Quadro K5100M
GeForce GTX 680MX
Radeon HD 7870
GeForce GTX 965M
Quadro M3000M *
GeForce GTX 870M
Radeon R9 M290X
Radeon HD 8970M
Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) 
GeForce GTX 580
Radeon HD 6970
GeForce GTX 1050
GeForce GTX 680M
GeForce GTX 775M
GeForce GTX 1630
FirePro M6100
Radeon HD 7970M
Radeon R9 M390 *
GeForce GTX 750 Ti


Group 5

GeForce GTX 570
GeForce GTX 480
GeForce GTX 960M
Quadro M2000M *
Quadro K5000M
Quadro K4100M
GeForce GTX 770M
GeForce GTX 860M
GeForce GTX 675MX
GeForce GTX 950M
GeForce GTX 850M
Quadro M1000M
Radeon R9 M280X
Radeon HD 7950M *
GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Radeon HD 6870
GeForce GTX 470
GeForce GT 1030
GeForce MX330
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 5800HS 
FirePro 3D V8800
GeForce MX250


Group 6

Radeon Pro WX 3200
Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H
Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U
Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U
Radeon Pro WX 4150
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G
Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE
GeForce GTX 485M
FirePro W6150M
Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M470
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U
Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE
Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U
FirePro V7900
Radeon HD 5970
Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G
Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE
Radeon RX 550X
FirePro V8800
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U
GeForce MX150
Quadro K3100M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R7 250X
Intel HD 5600
Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 460
Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U
Quadro K620
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics
Intel Iris Pro P580
Intel UHD Graphics P630
Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5870
Radeon HD 6870
Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 7770
Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U
GeForce GTX 745
Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile
Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U
Quadro M600M
Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U
Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics


Group 7 

GeForce 945M
Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro M5100
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U
GeForce GTX 580M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M385
Quadro 5000M
Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U
Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics
FirePro V7800
Radeon R9 350
Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G
Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U
GeForce GTX 460 SE
Radeon Pro W5500M
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G
Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GT 645
GeForce GTX 765M
Radeon R9 M385X
Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5850
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G
Intel Iris Pro 580
Radeon HD 6850
Intel Iris Xe MAX
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U
Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core
GeForce GTX 470M
Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 670MX
Radeon RX 640
Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3
Radeon R7 450
GeForce GTX 675M
Radeon Pro WX 4130
Intel Iris Xe MAX 100
Quadro 5000
Radeon RX 570X
Radeon HD 7700-serie
Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 8 


Group 8 
 
GeForce MX230
GeForce GTX 765M
Quadro K4000M
Iris Pro Graphics P580 *
Iris Pro Graphics 580 *
GeForce GTX 645
Quadro M520
GeForce GTX 570M
GeForce MX130
Radeon RX 540
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U
Intel UHD Graphics 770
Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE 
Radeon HD 5850
GeForce GTX 675M
GeForce GTX 580M
Radeon HD 6990M
Radeon R9 M385X *
Radeon R9 M470X *
Radeon R9 M470 *
Radeon R9 M385 *
Radeon R9 M380 *
Radeon R9 M370X
Radeon R9 M275
Radeon HD 7770
GeForce GTX 485M
GeForce GTX 460 768MB
Radeon HD 6790
GeForce GTX 285M SLI
Quadro K3100M
FirePro W5170M *
GeForce GTX 670MX
Quadro 5010M
GeForce GTX 760M
GeForce GTX 670M


Group 9 

GeForce 940MX *
Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5)
FirePro M8900
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R9 M270
Radeon HD 8870M
Radeon HD 7870M
Quadro K3000M
GeForce GTX 570M
FirePro M6000
FirePro M5100
Quadro K2100M
Radeon HD 5770
GeForce GTX 550 Ti
GeForce GTX 280M SLI
Radeon HD 6950M
Radeon R7 250
GeForce GT 755M
GeForce GTX 660M
GeForce 845M
Radeon HD 8850M
Radeon R9 M365X
Radeon R9 M265X
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro W5130M *
Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U 
Radeon HD 7850M
Radeon HD 8790M
FirePro W4170M
FirePro W4190M
FirePro W4100
Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U
Quadro 4000M
GeForce GTX 470M
GeForce GTX 480M
GeForce GT 750M
Iris Pro Graphics 6200
Quadro K1100M
GeForce 940M
Radeon R9 M375
GeForce 930MX *
Radeon R7 M380 *
Radeon R7 M370
Quadro M600M *
GeForce GT 650M
Quadro K620M
GeForce 840M
Radeon R7 M275DX
GeForce GT 745M
Radeon HD 7770M
GeForce GTX 560M
Radeon R7 
Iris Pro Graphics 5200
GeForce GT 740M
GeForce 930M
Radeon HD 4850


Group 10

Iris Graphics 550 *
GeForce 830M
Iris Graphics 540
Quadro M500M *
Quadro K2000M
GeForce GTS 450
GeForce GTX 260M SLI
GeForce GT 735M
Mobility Radeon HD 5870
GeForce 825M
Quadro 5000M
FirePro M4000
FirePro M7820
Radeon HD 6870M
GeForce 9800M GTX SLI
Radeon HD 8830M *
Radeon HD 8770M
Radeon R7 M260X
GeForce GTX 460M
GeForce 920MX *
GeForce GT 730M
Radeon HD 7750M
GeForce GT 645M *
FirePro M4100
Radeon HD 8750M
Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G
Quadro 3000M
Radeon R7 M270
Radeon R7 M265
Quadro FX 3800M
GeForce GTX 285M
Mobility Radeon HD 4870
GeForce GT 640M
Radeon R7 (Kaveri)
Radeon R8 M365DX
Radeon R7 M460 *
Radeon HD 7730M
Radeon R7 M360
GeForce GTX 280M
Radeon HD 8690M
Quadro FX 3700M
Radeon R7 M340
GeForce 920M
Radeon R6 M340DX
HD Graphics 530
HD Graphics P530
Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU
Radeon R7 M260
Radeon R6 


Group 11

Mobility Radeon HD 4860
FirePro M7740
Mobility Radeon HD 4850
GeForce GTX 260M
GeForce 9800M GTX
Quadro FX 2800M
Radeon HD 8670D
Radeon HD 7690M XT
FirePro M5950
GeForce GT 640M LE
Radeon R6 (Kaveri)
Radeon HD 8650M *
Radeon HD 8730M
Radeon HD 6770M
GeForce GT 635M
GeForce GT 555M
Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B
Radeon HD 5670
Mobility Radeon HD 5850
Radeon HD 6850M
Quadro 2000M
GeForce 9800M GT
GeForce 8800M GTX
Quadro FX 3600M
GeForce GT 445M
GeForce GTS 360M


Group 12

GeForce GT 240
Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700
Radeon HD 7690M
HD Graphics 5600
Radeon HD 8570D
Radeon HD 8670M
Radeon R6 M255DX
Radeon HD 7660D
Radeon HD 6750M
Quadro K1000M
GeForce GT 550M
Radeon HD 8590M *
GeForce GTS 260M
GeForce GTS 160M
GeForce 9800M GTS
GeForce GT 430
Radeon HD 6830M
Mobility Radeon HD 5830
Radeon HD 6730M *
GeForce 9800M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 4830
Mobility Radeon HD 5770
Radeon HD 6570M
Radeon HD 8650G
Radeon HD 7670M
GeForce GT 630M
Radeon HD 7560D
GeForce GTS 150M *
Radeon R5 M335
Radeon R5 M430 *
Radeon R5 M330
Radeon R5 M255
Radeon Vega 3
Quadro 1000M
GeForce 820M
FirePro W2100
HD Graphics 520 620 
Iris Graphics 6100


GeForce GT 720M
GeForce 8800M GTS
Radeon R5 M240
Radeon R5 M320 *
Radeon R5 M230
Radeon R5 M315 *
Mobility Radeon HD 5750 *
Radeon HD 8570M
Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B
HD Graphics 6000
Quadro K610M
Radeon HD 8550M
Iris Graphics 5100
GeForce GT 540M
Mali-T880 MP12 *
Radeon HD 8610G *
Radeon HD 6650M
HD Graphics 4600
Mobility Radeon HD 5730
HD Graphics 5500
Radeon R5 (Carrizo) *
Radeon R5 (Kaveri)
FirePro M5800
NVS 5400M
GeForce 710M
Radeon HD 7660G
GeForce GT 435M
HD Graphics 5000


Quadro K510M *
Radeon HD 5570
Radeon HD 6550M
Radeon HD 7590M *
GeForce GTS 350M
GeForce GTS 250M
Radeon HD 6630M
Radeon HD 7650M
FirePro M2000
Radeon HD 7570M
Radeon HD 7630M
Quadro FX 1800M
Mobility Radeon HD 5650
Radeon HD 8510G *
Radeon HD 6530M
Radeon HD 8550G
Quadro K500M *
GeForce GT 625M *
GeForce GT 620M
GeForce GT 525M
Radeon HD 6550D *
Radeon HD 7610M
Radeon HD 7620G
Radeon HD 8470D
Radeon HD 7640G
Adreno 530
GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU)
HD Graphics 4400
HD Graphics 510 515 *


NVS 5200M
Mobility Radeon HD 565v
Radeon HD 7550M
Mobility Radeon HD 4670
GeForce GT 425M
GeForce 9700M GTS
Radeon HD 6645G2 *
Quadro FX 2700M
GeForce GT 335M
Radeon HD 7600G
Mobility Radeon HD 3870
Mobility Radeon HD 4650
GeForce GT 220
GeForce GT 420M
Radeon HD 7530M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3850
GeForce GT 330M
Quadro FX 880M
Quadro NVS 5100M
GeForce GT 240M
Radeon HD 7490M *
HD Graphics 5300
Radeon HD 7510M *
GeForce Go 7950 GTX
Quadro FX 3500M
GeForce 8700M GT SLI
GeForce 9700M GT
GeForce GT 230M
Mobility Radeon HD 550v
Radeon HD 7480D
HD Graphics 4000
Mali-T760 MP8
Radeon HD 6620G
HD Graphics (Broadwell) *
Adreno 430
Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L)
Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri)
HD Graphics (Skylake) *


Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5
Radeon HD 7500G
Radeon HD 8450G
Radeon HD 7470M
Radeon HD 6490M
Radeon HD 8400
Mali-T880 MP4
GeForce GT 520MX
Radeon HD 7520G
GeForce GT 325M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI
GeForce 8600M GT SLI
GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI
GeForce GT 130M
NVS 4200M
GeForce Go 7900 GTX
Quadro FX 2500M
Radeon HD 8350G
Radeon HD 8330
GeForce 9650M GS
GeForce 9650M GT
Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema)
GeForce 8700M GT
Quadro FX 1700M
Quadro FX 1600M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX
GeForce Go 7900 GS
Quadro NVS 320M
Quadro FX 1500M
GeForce 9600M GT
GeForce GT 220M
Quadro FX 770M
GeForce GT 120M
Radeon HD 7450M
GeForce 610M
GeForce 705M
Mali-T760 MP6
Radeon HD 6470M
FirePro M3900 *
GeForce GT 520M
Radeon HD 7420G
Mobility Radeon HD 3670
Mobility FireGL V5725
PowerVR GX6450
Adreno 420
HD Graphics (Haswell)


Radeon HD 6520G
Radeon HD 8310G *
GeForce 320M
GeForce GT 320M
Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT
Mobility Radeon X1900
Mobility Radeon X1800XT
Mobility Radeon X1800
GeForce Go 6800 Ultra
GeForce Go 7800
GeForce 9600M GS
GeForce 9500M GS
Radeon HD 7400G
Radeon HD 6480G *
Mobility Radeon HD 2700
GeForce GT 415M
GeForce 410M
Radeon HD 7370M
Adreno 418
HD Graphics (Cherry Trail)
Radeon HD 6370M
Radeon HD 8280
Mobility Radeon HD 5470
Radeon HD 6450M
Radeon HD 7430M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3650
Mobility FireGL V5700
Mobility Radeon HD 5145
Mobility Radeon HD 545v
Radeon R6 (Mullins) *
Radeon HD 8240
Radeon HD 8250
Mobility Radeon HD 4570
Quadro FX 570M
Mobility Radeon HD 5450 *
Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) *
GeForce 8600M GT
Mobility Radeon HD 2600
HD Graphics 3000
Quadro FX 380M
GeForce 310M
GeForce G210M
NVS 3100M
GeForce 405M
GeForce 315M
GeForce Go 7600 GT
GeForce 9500M G
GeForce 8600M GS
NVS 2100M
GeForce Go 7700
GeForce Go 6800
Quadro FX Go 1400
Mobility Radeon X800XT
Radeon HD 6430M *
Radeon HD 6380G *
Mobility Radeon HD 5430
Radeon HD 8210
Mobility Radeon HD 540v
Mobility Radeon HD 4550
HD Graphics 2500
HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge)


Quadro NVS 310 
Radeon HD 7350M *
Radeon HD 6350M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4530
Mobility Radeon HD 4350
Radeon HD 4350
GeForce 305M
Mobility Radeon X1700
Mobility FireGL V5250
Mobility Radeon X2500
GeForce Go 7600
Quadro NVS 300M
Mobility Radeon X800
Mobility Radeon X1600
Mobility FireGL V5200
Mobility Radeon 9800
GeForce Go 6600
Mobility Radeon X1450
Mobility Radeon X700
Mobility FireGL V5000
GeForce G 110M
Quadro NVS 295 
Radeon HD 6330M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4330
GeForce 8400M GT
Quadro NVS 140M
HD Graphics 2000
GeForce 9500M GE *
GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE)
HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) *


Adreno 330
PowerVR G6430
PowerVR GX6250
PowerVR G6400
HD Graphics (Bay Trail)
Mali-T628 MP6
Mali-T760 MP4
Chrome9HD *
Radeon HD 7340
Radeon HD 6320 *
Radeon HD 7310
Radeon HD 6310 *
Radeon HD 8180
Mobility Radeon HD 3470
GeForce 9300M G
ION 2 *
GeForce 9300M GS
Quadro FX 370M
Quadro NVS 160M
GeForce 9200M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Mobility Radeon HD 3430
Mobility Radeon HD 3410
Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT
Radeon HD 4270
Radeon HD 4250
Radeon HD 7290 *
Radeon HD 6290 *
Radeon HD 4200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics
Radeon HD 6250


Quadro NVS 150M
Quadro FX 360M
Mobility Radeon X1350
Mobility Radeon X1400
GeForce 9100M G
GeForce 8400M GS
Quadro NVS 135M
Mobility Radeon HD 2400
Radeon HD 3200
Radeon HD 4225 *
Radeon HD 4100 *
SGX554MP4
Mali-T628 MP4
Mobility Radeon HD 3400 *
Radeon HD 3100
GeForce 8400M G
Mali-T860 MP2
Quadro NVS 130M
GeForce 8200M G
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M
Mali-T604 MP4
GeForce Go 7400
Quadro FX 350M
Quadro NVS 120M
GeForce Go 7300
GeForce Tegra 4 *
PowerVR G6200
Adreno 405 *
Quadro NVS 110M
Mobility Radeon X600
Mobility FireGL V3200
Mobility FireGL V3100
Mobility Radeon HD X2300
Mobility Radeon 9700


Mobility FireGL T2e
Mobility Radeon X1300
GeForce4 4200 Go
Mobility Radeon 9600
Mobility FireGL T2
Mobility Radeon 9550
GeForce Go 7200
GeForce Go 6400
Mobility Radeon X300
GeForce Go 6250
GeForce Go 6200
GeForce FX Go 5700
Quadro FX Go 1000
GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650
Radeon Xpress X1270
Radeon Xpress X1250
Radeon Xpress X1200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100
Mali-T624
Adreno 320 *
Mali-T760 MP2
Mali-T720 MP4
Mali-450 MP4
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 *
GeForce 7190M *
GeForce 7150M
Radeon Xpress 1150
GeForce Go 6150
GeForce Go 6100
GeForce 7000M
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 *
Mobility Radeon 9200
Mobility FireGL 9000
GeForce FX Go 5200
Mobility Radeon 9000
GeForce 4 488 Go
GeForce 4 460 Go
GeForce 4 440 Go
GeForce 4 420 Go
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 
SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 *
Mali-T720 MP2
Mali-T720
Adreno 302 304 305 306
Mobility Radeon 7500
Mobility FireGL 7800
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 


Radeon Xpress 200M
Radeon Xpress 1100
Mirage 3+ 672MX
Mirage 3 671MX
Mali-400 MP4 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) *
VideoCore-IV *
Adreno 220 225*
Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core
Mali-400 MP2 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 *
SGX540 *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500
Adreno 205 *
Adreno 203 *
GC800 *
SGX535
SGX531
SGX530
Adreno 200 *
Mali-200 *
GeForce 3 Go *
GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100
Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP
Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP
Mobility Radeon M7
Mobility Radeon M6
Chrome9 HC
Extreme Graphics 2
Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP
Radeon IGP 340M
Radeon IGP 320M
S3G UniChrome Pro II
S3G UniChrome Pro
Castle Rock
Mirage 2 M760
Mirage M661FX
S3 Graphics ProSavage8
Mobility 128 M3
SM502 *
&lt;/pre&gt;


Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need...

DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a &quot;vendor-neutral&quot; portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. 

&quot;let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!&quot; - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. 

There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). 

Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. 

Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA &amp; AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD &amp; Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. 


So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like:

* AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (radeonsi)  
* AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (r600g) -&gt; games/apps/etc.
* NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (nouveau) -&gt; games/apps.
* Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (i945) -&gt; games/apps.


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=30%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Fudomi GC888A
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 100in throw projector 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vamvo VF320 (720P) 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Happrun H1 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 100in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Zentality A10 Plus 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 110in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nexigo nova mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nebula mars 3 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;dangbei freedo 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;benq gv50 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. 
AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. 


Bluetooth is similarly unlikely to be ever supported due to huge cost to be certified. 


No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed.</text>
      <sha1>e113nzjfwn0423qmlunly0sqcpx1s0f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641747</id>
      <parentid>4641746</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T20:33:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641747</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="228430" sha1="ms4dag8brnqyk2l8bgofbgpbuahtxwf" xml:space="preserve">Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], 

{{ArosNav}}


[[#Audio Chipsets]]

[[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]]

[[#Rough gfx comparison]]

[[#]]


==x86 Native Environment==


AROS should run on almost any i386 PC hardware so long as the CPU is newer than an i486, and has a &quot;Floating Point Unit (FPU)&quot;. Ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. 


Motherboards supported 
* Most Intel mobos are supported (Skt 775 is ok but newer is better) - additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc 
* AMD based socket 939 am2 am2+ am3+, fusion and am4 ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed 


Supported graphics cards (gfx) 
* Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2017. 
64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs and higher to GTX 900s and '''3D''' from . 
32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT through to fermi gtx5xx and  '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx. 
* Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009. 
'''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards 
* AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2005. 
Desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600. Experimental 2D version for up to HD3xxx came later 
* VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. 

 It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. 


Sound wise there are 

* HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) 
* some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) 


* PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards 
* PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] 
* PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards 
* PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 


Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc 
* PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 
* PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100
* PCI intel pro100
* Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 
* VIA 10/100 
* 3com Etherlink 10/100 
* Realtek rtl8029 10mbit 


Wireless wifi 
* atheros 5000 wireless 
*realtek 8187 usb 


It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. 

* mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot
* micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. 
* full atx will have more slots available 

'''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. 

Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. 


The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World]


: Brief Timeline

: 2000-12-06 HIDD  first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz])
: 2001-03-31 BOOT  first boot from floppy disk with IDE device 
: 2001-10-30 BOOT  first cd bootable version
: 2002-01-27 HIDD  first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz)
: 2002-04-13 BOOT  software HDToolBox added ()
: 2003-04-03 HIDD  vesa2.hidd graphic modes added ()
: 2004-03-08 HIDD  new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz)
: 2004-03-17 HIDD  nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-01-05 AHI   AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom)
: 2005-01-06 AHI   SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger)
: 2005-02-04 AHI   AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) 
: 2005-06-27 NIC   amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2005-08-25 NIC   nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-12-24 NIC   Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2006-03-25 HIDD  ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz)
: 2007-03-06 HIDD  vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) 
: 2007-03-08 HIDD  dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) 
: 2007-03-21 HIDD  usb initial commit (Michal Schulz)


: 2007-10-01 BOOT  Installer added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2007-11-29 PORT  64bit x86 added  (Michal Schulz) 
: 2008-04-12 BOOT  GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews)
: 2008-08-26 NIC   RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) 
: 2008-10-22 PORT  to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz)
: 2009-02-25 PORT  to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) 
: 2009-05-18 HIDD  poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) 
: 2009-11-18 NIC   RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet])
: 2009-12-23 AHI   HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler)
: 2010-03-09 BOOT  USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2010-05-26 HIDD  Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz)
: 2010-09-03 NIC   Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2011-04-30 HIDD  Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support (Deadwood) 
: 2011-08-30 HIDD  Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft)
: 2011-09-17 NIC   Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2011-12-09 HIDD  Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) 


: 2013-02-25 AHI   AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2013-03-31 PORT  early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) 
: 2014-01-16 AHI   Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2017-02-17 PORT  Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz)
: 2018-10-20 PORT  Big Endian ARM 
: 2021-11-26 NIC   Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2023-01-12 NIC   Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2025-11    HIDD  xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews)


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Audio Chipsets===

'''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' 


====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI====

*2021 5.27 

as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. 

The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). 

Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
|
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1370 (u?)   AK4531 (u?)
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
| 0x00
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
|
|-
| CT4700  Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5000
| 0x7c
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works -  opamp JRC4565(u?)  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) 
|-
| CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4565-1056W (u1)  stac9708t(u2)  [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3)  24wc012 (u4) 
|-
| CT4751 (SB128PCI) 
| 0x1274
| 0x8001
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) 
|-
| CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V
| 0x1274 
| 0x1371 
| 0x06
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4812 (Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4813 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4815 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). 
|-
| CT5801 HP 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5803 Gateway 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works  4565-0005b jrc (u1)    4297a-jq ztae0c0002  (u2)    es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT4740
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 
|-
| CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7  
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5806  (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?)  ZTAPWC9933 (u2)   es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1373 (u?) 
|-
| CT5808
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938
| 0x1102
| 0x8938
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT5880 on various motherboards 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5880 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, 
|-
| VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x02
| {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;pre&gt;
Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A  
Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B  

Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A  
Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C  
Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D  
Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E  

Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B  
Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A  
Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8  
&lt;/pre&gt;


====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio====

*2021 5.10 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686B KT133A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x50
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM333 KT333 with VT8235 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x30
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x40 0x50 0x60 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy====

*2021 6.5

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1)
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested (1st Gen)
|-
| Live CT4620 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested             
|-
| Live CT4760 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| playback works
|-
| Live Value CT4670 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| works plays stereo (2nd Gen)
|-
| Live Value DELL CT4780 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x06
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode
|-
| Live Value Compaq CT4830 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| not working 
|-
| Live Value CT4831 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{partial|Line-In only}}
| works
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x08
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works
|-
| Live Value HP CT4870 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| Works
|-
| Live Value Gateway CT4871 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen)
|-
| Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Live 5.1 Player SB0220 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1
|-
| Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| working 
|-
| Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2)
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Audigy SB0230 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1102
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0004
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x03
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Mic only}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested)
|-
| Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx
| 0x1102 
| 0x0006 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| 
|-
| Live 24bit SB0410 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Live 24bit DELL SB0413 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy LS SB0310 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570
| 0x1102
| 0x0007
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO)
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 PRO SB0380
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 
| 0x1102 
| 0x000
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver but linux support needs firmware 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out 
the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 


====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media====

*2021 5.20 

;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Audiotrak MAYA EX5 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| cmi8738-sx 4ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested
|-
| e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EDio SC3000D 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{no}}
| 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec 5.1 PCI 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| Has SPDIF
|-
| Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| XSonic CMI 8738 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision 
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x13f6
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0111
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Chinese based card with playback tested so far 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2001-2005 ac97.audio====

*6.4 27-12-2008 


The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns 

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 

The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC200 and ALC201 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC201A and ALC202  and ALC202A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC650 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC850 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Acorp 7NFU400 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8080
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x24c5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881 SoundMAX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Analog Devices first AC97 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1885 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1886 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1887 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ADI AD1888 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 1.51
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1981A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM X30 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1985 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1986 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM T23
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x103c
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3085 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI 6501 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9738
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9739
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI 9739A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;STAC9708T codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VIA VT1612, VT82C686
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1968
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1978
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1988
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x12
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ymf-753 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451
| 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) 
| 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX)
| 0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| no support - introduced early 2000s
|-
| SIS 7012 
| 0x1039
| 0x7012
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM9717 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Parallels 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| VirtualBox
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working
|-
| VirtualPC
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel 82801AA Proxmox 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio====

*6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] 
*6.35 202  [] 
*6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards 
*6.29 2018 
*6.27 2017 update
*6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x 
*6.20 July 2012 
*6.17 Nov 2011 
*6.15 Jun 2011
*[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=109 6.13] Sep 2010


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC260 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC262 
* ALC262-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC268 codec
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. 
|-
| [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] 
* ALC269Q-GR
* ALC269QSRS-GR
* ALC269W-GR 
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 &amp; co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] 
|-
| [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] 
* ALC269Q-VB5-GR 
* ALC269Q-VB6-CG 
* ALC269Q-VB6-GR 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, 
* v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13
* v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 
|-
| [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202]
* ALC269Q-VC2-GR
* ALC269Q-VC3-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100203, 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;SMT SMD QFN-48 - 
* v1 unknown
* v2 unknown
* v3 x230, dell wyse, 
|-
| ALC272 
* ALC272-VA4-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0272
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC273 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC270 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC282 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;needs retest 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC660 ALC660-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* works asus F9s, F9e 
* untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC661-GR (2011) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC662 
| 0x1043
| 0x82a1
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}}
| 
* works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663]  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0861
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.13}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance 
* not working Asus n50vn x71vn, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC665 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC666 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC667
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC668 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC880 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;some 915 and 925 chipset mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC882M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some early versions work }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), 
|-
| Codec ALC885 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0885
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888s
* ALC888S-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC888b
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo),  
|-
| ALC888-VD
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested 
|-
| ALC889A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 Gr
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} with crackles 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Tested with MSI H55 board 
|-
| ALC887 ALC887-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 
|-
| ALC887-VD-CG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 
| 
|-
| ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887 0x1458
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} index = 2 
| ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead 
* working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), 
* not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, 
|-
| ALC887-VD2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 3jacks 
|-
| ALC887-VD2-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC887-
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC892-CG rev
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - 
|-
| ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 2009 introduced 
* works 
* not working 
* untested 
|-
| ALC892 rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0892
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2014 
|-
| Realtek ALC886-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD 
| 0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0663
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
* not working Toshiba Tecra A7 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC898 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3232 (aka ALC292) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0292
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3234 aka ALC255 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0255 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;003
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3287 aka ALC257
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1882 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1883 HD Codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1884 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| IBM Thinkpad T60, 
|-
| AD1984 hp-m4 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, 
|-
| AD1986 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| AD1988
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1988A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4207
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4208 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|very very very low volume}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549-12Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested HP 530 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20561 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working lenovo x200s
* untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20582 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20585 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20672 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20671 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20751-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11852 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11880 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Silicon Labs 3054 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VIA 1708A
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested, 
|-
| VIA VT1708B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| 0x0010
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|VIA PicoITX}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| VIA 1708S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}  
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VT2021 10ch
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Creative CA0110-IBG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), 
|-
| IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works HP Compaq mini 110
* untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, 
|-
| IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel D5400XS, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD73C
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD75B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x111d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7608
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required]
* untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD81XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD83XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 92HD89XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM8860 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. 

 Output &lt;- Codec &lt;- Audio Controller (HDA) &lt;-&gt; Computer 

codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a &quot;codec&quot;. Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. 

Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 

 Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. 


Things to try if sound not working 

* try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa 
* make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... 
* even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters 
* it might be internally muted 


&lt;pre&gt;
add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Bifteck &gt; RAM:audio.txt
&lt;/pre&gt;

or 

&lt;pre&gt;
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; RAM:audio.txt
Run ahi prefs
Click test tone button 
Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add &quot;debug=memory&quot; to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. 

or 

* try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line 
* '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file 
* Reboot
* open a shell
* type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi &gt; ram:debug.txt
* open ahi prefs
* select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise 
* press the 'test sound' button
* press ctrl-c in the shell
* post the results to Aros-World


The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. 

HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs 


====Envy24 series ====

A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). 

There are PCI Express versions appearing. 

The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards.

N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. 


=====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Playback
! Recording
! Comments
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| works audio out on   - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001  2001 REV-B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B  or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps 
* be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues 
|-
| M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;M-Audio Delta DiO 2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Terratec EWX24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1412
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1712
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| untested  - AKM  and codec
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWSA88MT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1212M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1616M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Value
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
    Event Electronics EZ8
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Digigram VX442
    Lionstracs
    Mediastation
    Terrasoniq TS 88
    Roland/Edirol DA-2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


=====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ESI Juli@
| 0x3031
| 0x4553
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K 
| 0x3031
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3631
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192
| 0x1412
| 0x3630 0x1724 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1147
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - discontinued 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] 
| 0x153b
| 0x1145
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - semaphore error on rev 3 -  DAC    ADC  
|-
| Terratec Phase 22
| 0x153b
| 0x1150
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| Terratec Phase 28
| 0x153b
| 0x1149 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Playback 
| Recording
| Revision 
| Comments
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1
| 0x4933
| 0x4553
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT
| 0x3132
| 0x4154
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - STAC9460S codec 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Echo Layla 24/96 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3632
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ONKYO SE-150PCI
| 0x160b
| 0x0001
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESI Waveterminal 192x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quartet 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9840 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Not detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVidia HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Graphic GFX Chipsets===

[https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. 

AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets 
* Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, 
* Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, 

The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 


2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench &gt; out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 


3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], 


HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up 

&lt;pre&gt;
HDMI (licensing fee)
1.2 720p res. 
1.3 1080 resolution 
1.4  4K @ 30Hz
2.0  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 
2.2 ultra96 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 

1.4  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
GPMI chinese standard 

2.0

&lt;/pre&gt;


Might be supported on AROS 

*OpenGL4 must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support. The last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) on [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] and Nvidia RTX might come to AROS) but Intel UHD, Iris Plus or Xe or Arc will not unless a developer wants the challenge - [https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.0.html#mesa-20-0-0-release-notes-2020-02-19 Mesa 20.0.0] implements the OpenGL 4.6 API, but the version reported by glGetString(GL_VERSION) or glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION) / glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION) depends on the particular driver being used and may report a lower version depending on each driver. Mesa 20.0.0 implements the Vulkan 1.2 API, but the version reported by the apiVersion property of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties struct depends on the particular driver being used. 
*OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) 

Already supported on AROS 

*OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau on Aros 32bit, 
*OpenGL1 intel gma950 on Aros 32bit and 64bit, 


====vga.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====vesa.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour -  no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]====

DVI output is not supported at the moment. 

If having problems:

* Ensure the latest version is being used. 
* Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test 
* Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon.

If still having problems:

* At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory
* Boot.
* Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck &gt; RAM:debug.txt
* And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;3%&quot; |Rev
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Laptop LCD
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work 
|-
| 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GL 82915GL GMCH 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GV 82915GV GMCH
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| HP DC5100 small form factor 
|-
| 915GM GMA900
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel  gearbox  }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| asus eee pc 900 
|-
| 915GMS 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel   }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) 
| 0x8086
| 0x2772
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, 
|-
| 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27a2
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| Dell D430 
|-
| 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27ae
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No|dvi port}}
| {{Yes| }}
| for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks
* 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, 
|-
| 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945GC 82945GC MCH
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945PM 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, 
|-
| 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|most models}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| 
* 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, 
* 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400,  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GMA 3100 G31 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| GMA 3100 G33 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; G965
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; Q965 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2992
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Only tested with VGA output.
|-
| 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output 
* untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, 
|-
| 960GM X3100 (400 MHz)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| 965M X3100 (400 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Dell D830, 
|-
| 965PM ??
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GL965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GM965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GMA X3500 G35 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42 0x2a43
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x07
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt; {{Yes| VESA}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====[http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)====

 PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS 

*Desktop, more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia on Aros 32bit but on Aros 64bit ...
*Laptop, limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations on 32bit but on 64bit ...) 

Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc

* 2026-06 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   20.0 Mesa OpenCL
* 2011-10 - DEVS  6.11 Nouveau.hidd  7.4 Gallium.hidd  9.4 Softpipe - LIBS  2.3 Gallium  1.3 GLU  19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x 
* 2011-04 - DEVS  5.31 Nouveau.hidd  7.3 Gallium.hidd  9.3 Softpipe - LIBS  2.2 Gallium  1.1 GLU  18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a


Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ...
 On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) 
 On Aros 64bit 

ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the &quot;`&quot; key and type &quot;Timedemo demo1&quot; in the console 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|-
| NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  
|-
| Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) 9600GT ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA3 (GT215) GT240 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) gt210 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) ION2 || 38,4 || 53,9 || 61,7 || Not Detected || Not Detected || Not Detected 
|-
| NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE0 Kepler GT630 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  || 
|-
| NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV126 (GM206) GTX950 upwards no reclocking || N/A || N/A || N/A || poor || poor || poor
|-
| NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware  || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown  
|-
| HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|very slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt vanta lt (nv06)  1998 /9
| 0x10de
| 0x002c
| 0x15
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| untested Geforce256 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003)
| 0x10DE
| 0x0322 0x
| 0xA1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|  }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 
* not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&amp;page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] 
* working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver 
* Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD 
|-
| Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| Geforce 5100 (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5200 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600SE
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700VE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700LE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 (NV30)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900ZT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5950 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 5xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F3 0x014F 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| use 5.28}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1  needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006)
| 0x
| 0x0221
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2
* not working 
*working
|-
| GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) 
| 0x
| 0x0161
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) 
| 0x
| 0x0162
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 6200 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x0163
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| PCI-E 
|-
| GeForce 6600 LE
| 0x
| 0x00F4 0x0142 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 
| 0x
| 0x00F2 0x0141
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX
|-
| Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F1 0x0140
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  OpenGL tests - 
|-
| Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x)
| 0x
| 0x0043 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 LE 
| 0x
| 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400)
| 0x
| 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800 GS
| 0x
| 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 
| 0x
| 0x0040 0x0F9 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800XT
| 0x
| 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 VE  
| 0x
| 0x0143
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6500 NV44 
| 0x
| 0x0160 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6250 
| 0x
| 0x0169 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 7800 GTX 
| 0x
| 0x0090 0x0091 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel  gearbox  cube  cube2 25}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - 
* not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - 
* Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports 
* Untested 
|-
| GeForce 7800 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0092
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x02E0 0x0391
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 2.1 
* not working 
* working 
|-
| GeForce 7800 SLI  
| 0x
| 0x0095 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GTX  
| 0x
| 0x0290
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GT GTO  
| 0x
| 0x0291
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0292
| 0x0a1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 
|-
| GeForce 7950 GX2  
| 0x10de
| 0x0293 0x0294
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7950 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0295 0x02E4
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x
| 0x02E3
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x02E1 0x0392
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7650 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0390
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0394 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0093 0x00F5 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 
|-
| GeForce 7100 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x016A
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7350 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) 
| 0x10de 
| 0x01D3
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - 
* not working Asus on via chipset (2015), 
* works Asus on intel chipset (2015), 
|-
| Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0395 0x0393
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 7300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DF 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7500 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DD
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7xxx 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0194
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration 
|-
| Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 200w openGL3  openCL - 2x6pin psu 
* not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, 
* works 
|-
| Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, 
* not working 
* working 
* untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;DVI up to 2500 x 1600
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required
* not working 
* untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT (G92)
| 0x10de
| 0x0611 
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]]
|-
| Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0401 0x0402 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8500 GT G86 based chipset 
| 0x10de
| 0x0421
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL tests - max opengl 3.x but 2.1 offered - max res 
* works Gigabyte 8500 GT, 
* not working 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GS 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0606 0x060D 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| GeForce 8600GS 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B  
|-
| GeForce 8300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0423
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007)    GT218 (2009)
* Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. 
* Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0424 0x0422 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works digital part of DVI but nothing from any display port}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output, supporting up to one 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G98 VP3 pci-e 2.0 512MB DDR2 - 
* not working 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007)
* Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. 
| 0x10de
| 0x0404 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output up to 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G86 VP2 128MB - 
* not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, 
|-
| GeForce 8400 SE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0420
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 2.x openCL 
|-
| NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 socket}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - 
|-
| Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA 2d}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0604
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 150w - 65nm technology 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX 
| 0x10de
| 0x0612
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 2x6pin psu - 
* not working xfx on via chipset (2015),  
* works xfx on chipset intel , 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX+ 
| 0x10de
| 0x0613
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* works on a few models 
|-
| Geforce 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0614
| 0x0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 495  gearbox 513  Cube 156  Cube2 120   Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.1  openCL 1.x - case dual slot - 600w 26amp on both 12v rails for 2x6pin psu on gfx card - no fan control - some come with 1x6pin - renamed version of the venerable GeForce 8800 GT - randomly works 
* not working Gainward 512M untested 
* working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) 
|-
| Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0622
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 493  gearbox 675  Cube  Cube2 100  Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - 
* not working  bfg tech ocx, 
* works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i -
|-
| Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0640
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel 480  gearbox 500  Cube  Cube2 64  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.2 - case single slot - 350 Watt/400 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 18 Amp/22 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - 
* not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, 
* works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2,  
|-
| GeForce 9600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x0623
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working  
* works 
|-
| GeForce 9600 GSO 
| 0x
| 0x0610
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - 
|-
| GeForce 9300 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x06E1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9400 GT  (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9xxx   (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro FX 580 G96 chipset 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
NV84 (G84) 	GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, 
NV92 (G92) 	GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX)
GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX)
NV96 (G96) 	GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), 
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA0 (GT200) Tesla GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E1
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or &quot;VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 260
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|Vesa}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - 
|-
| Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009)  
| 0x10de
| 0x0615
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 486  gearbox 508-642  Cube   Cube2 80   Quake3 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - 
* not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - 
* works  PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ca3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;late 2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - All are pcie 2.1 cards and may not work in 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 with 512MB or 1GB - 
* DDR5 -Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT220 (GT216) G220 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a20
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 2.0.3 GeForce GT220 1GB[[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]]
* untested NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, 
|-
| Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b)
| 0x10de
| 0x0a20
| 0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI but not 1x HDMI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - 
* not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - 
* works  - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a65
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 31W OpenGL 3.3  pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - 
* working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - 
* untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, 
* not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia ION2 9400M class (GT218) Tesla 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3), NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - 
*not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 50w OpenGL 3.3  openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; 2 dp 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; GTX 470, GTX 480   GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1  Tessellation - case dual slots - 
|-
| Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 
| 0x10de
| 0x0e22
| 0xa1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel  gearbox  cube 055-111   cube2 50}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVC0 family (Fermi) OpenGL 4.x but  - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR
* works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0e23
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x91 or 0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; nouveau 6.11 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - 
|-
| Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106  
| 0x10de
| 0x0dc4
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel  gearbox  cube   cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI  }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  2010 Hardware OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau at 3.3  - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, 
* GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, 
* works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* OEM 
* GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5
* GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT430 430GT (GF108) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy await new revision of driver
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 590   Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 580, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 5&quot; or &quot;VP5&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160  H.264 decode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 570, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works gigabyte, evga 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, 
* Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit 
* Ti 256bit 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 560 Ti  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 550 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1201
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA  Doom   Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - 
* untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) -  - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 545 and OEM GF116 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT530 OEM 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT520 520GT  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;510, GT 530    
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; ddr 3 - 50w max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT610 Fermi GF119 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 315 300 GF119S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT630 GF108 Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not accelerated 2015 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 
* not working Gigabyte 
* DDR3
* GDDR5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 730 (two versions) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 
* not working Asus 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 4000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 5000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 780    GeForce GTX 780 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 6&quot; or &quot;VP6&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 770 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 740
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 730 Kepler (two versions) f
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 670
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti GK104 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu 
* not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 640
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
* 128bit DDR3
* 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W 
* 128bit GDDR5 75W 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 620 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2000 NVE7 (GK107) Kepler 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 - 50w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K4200 GK104 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 4Gb GDDR5 - 108W 1 6pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K420 1GB DDR3 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 41W - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 750ti, GeForce 900 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;[https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia GTX 750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1381
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 and tested in 2026 with nouveau test 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2200 (GM107) Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 - 68w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K620 Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 50w slim low profile 2gb ddr3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GM based later Maxwells probably little support 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7&quot; or &quot;VP7&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX (1070, 1080)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support up to OpenGL 4.6 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 50w slim low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce gtx 1060, GeForce 1070
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 Pascal 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 family (Pascal)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018  needs gsp firmware and latest nouveau version 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1650ti super 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 old style 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 av1 decoding ampere 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV170 family (Ampere) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}

==== nouveau mobile integrated ====


 If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| GeForce 6100 nForce 405 
| 0x
| 0x03D1 0x0242
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 420 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0241
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 
| 0x
| 0x03D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0240
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0531
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0533
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x053A 0x053B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a
| 0x
| 0x053E
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No| }}
| some support on some chipsets 
|-
| GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73)   
| 0x10de
| 0x07e1
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) 
| 0x
| 0x084F
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce 8100P 
| 0x
| 0x0847
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 780a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 750a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084D
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;works 
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9400 (ION) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x087d
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;If AROS detects GPU chipset, works sometimes 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9700M ()
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce ION 2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works well 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0244
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0247
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0164 0x0167
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0166 0x0168
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Sony Laptop
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 Ultra 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C9
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0144
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0146
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0148
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0149
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D6
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7300 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D7
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D8 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;works 2D and 3d issues though 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x098
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0099
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7950 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0297
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GS 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0298
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0299
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0398
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0399
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6610 XL
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0145
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6700 XL 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0147
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8700M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0409
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0425
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0426
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0427
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0428
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0609
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x060C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0405
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0407
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9650M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0408
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042E
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9100M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0844
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0628
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9700M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062A
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0647
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0648
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0649
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x064B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9200M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600)
Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV84 (G84) Tesla 8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS
Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G
Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290)
GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV96 (G96)  9650M GT, 9700M GT
GeForce G 102M, GT 120
Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M)
NV98 (G98) 	GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS)
GeForce G 100, G 105M
Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450)
Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA3 (GT215) 	GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M
NVA5 (GT216) 	GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315
Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA8 (GT218) Tesla GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 210M, 305M, 310M, Quadro FX 380M, NVS 2100M, 3100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) 	GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G
NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) 	ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAF (MCP89) 	GeForce 320M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC0 (GF100) Fermi GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 5000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC1 (GF108) GeForce GT 415M, 420M, 425M, 435M, 520M, 525M, 540M, 550M, 555M, 630M, 635M, 640M LE, Quadro 1000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC3 (GF106) Fermi GeForce GT 445M, 555M, 630M, 635M), GTX 460M, Quadro 2000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC4 (GF104) GeForce GTX 470M, 485M, Quadro 5000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVCE (GF114) GeForce GTX 570M, 580M, 670M, 675M,  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD7 (GF117) Fermi Geforce GT 620M, 625M, (some) 630M, 710M, 720M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD9 (GF119) Fermi GeForce 410M, GT 520M, 520MX, 610M, Quadro NVS 4200M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE4 (GK104) GeForce GTX 670M, 680M, 775M, 780M, 860M, Quadro K3000M, K3100M, K4000M, K4100M, K5000M, K5100M, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE7 (GK107) GeForce GT640M, 645M, 650M, 710M, 720M, 730M, 740M, 745M, 750M, 755M, GTX 660M, K500M, K1000M, K1100M, K2000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 1650 mobile
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2050 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 4060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====radeon.hidd====

Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1  

3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets

&lt;pre&gt;
2014 SI        AMD HD 7xxx 
2016 GCN3rd    AMD R5E R7E 
2019 GCN5th    AMD Vega 8  
2022 RDNA1     AMD RX5500 desktop only 
2023 RDNA2     AMD 680M 780M 
2024 RDNA3     AMD 880M 890M
2025 RDNA3.5   AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 
2027 RDNA4     AMD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! 2D
! 3D
! Analogue Output
! Digital Output
! Laptop LCD
! Comments
|-
| 7000 (r100)
| 0x1002
| 0x5159 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x5157 
| 0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 8000 8500 (r200) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x514c (8500LE)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| 9000 9100 9250 (r200)
| 0x1002
| 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100)
| 0x0001
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| 9600 9800 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x300 x600 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420])
| 0x
| 0x554d (R430 x800xl)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) 
|-
| x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture 
|-
| HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 
|-
| HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700])
| 0x1002
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 - DDR3 -  GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - 
|-
| HD6900 cayman series 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - 
|-
| HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 openCL  - GDDR5  
|-
| HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - 
|-
| HD6450  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - DDR3 - 
|-
| HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670  
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - 
Radeon HD 8470 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 8350 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 7510 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6550D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6530D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6410D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6370D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6320 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6310 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6290 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6250 	11 	TeraScale 2
|-
| HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7450-HD7670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan 
Radeon HD 7660D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7560D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7540D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7480D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 6930 	11 	TeraScale 3
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands]
*AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT	
*AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde	
*AMD Radeon R9 255	 Cape Verde PRX	
*AMD Radeon HD 7750  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon R7 250E	 Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 8740  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 7730	 Cape Verde LE
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 430, FirePro W2100, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260  260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 Fury Nano 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL  openCL vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro WX 9100, x200 Series and Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 7900/7600 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700/6600/6500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


==== amd radeon mobile integrated ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x00
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 7500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x4c57 (7500)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9000 
| 0x1002
| 0x4966 (9000)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380)
| 0x1002
| 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) 
| 0x1002
| 0x791f
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;X1200 IGP (RS690)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x71c7 (X1650) 
| 0x009e
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 2100
| 0x1002
| 0x796e (2100)
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670)
| 0x1002 
| 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620)
| 0x1002
| 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770)
| 0x1002 
| 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 Maybe better with Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 AMDGPU Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 285 / R9 380  R9 380X  Fury / Fury X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX460 RX560D polaris11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX580 polaris20 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 6000 Navi 2x 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX6000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RNDA 3 navi
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX9070 rx 9060 XT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 rdna4 navi
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 udna (aka rdna5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; GCN 5
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used 


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only 


*Vulkan
*Gallium


Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen.

bare bones basics data flow

 application,&gt;&gt;&gt; api/opengl/vulkan&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, jit compiler, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;memory manger, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;gpu hardware

so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render.

the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance

Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL 

RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. 


==Rough gfx comparison==

&lt;pre&gt;

Group 1

GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 
GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 


Group 2

GeForce RTX 2070
Radeon RX 7600
Quadro RTX 5000
Radeon PRO W6600
GeForce RTX 2060 12GB
Radeon PRO W7500
Quadro GP100
Radeon RX 6800S
GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU
GeForce GTX 1080
GeForce RTX 3060 8GB
Quadro RTX 4000
Radeon Pro W5700
Radeon RX 6600
GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile)
Radeon RX 7700S
Radeon RX 6700S
Radeon RX 6600S
Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile)
GeForce GTX 1070 Ti
GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU
Radeon Pro Vega 64X
Radeon RX 5700
Radeon RX Vega 64
GeForce RTX 2060
GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design


Group 3

Radeon RX 6600M
GeForce GTX 1070
Radeon RX 6650M
GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU
Radeon RX Vega 56
Radeon RX 6700M
GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6800M
GeForce GTX 980 Ti
Radeon R9 Fury
GeForce GTX 980
Quadro M5500
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon RX 580
Radeon RX 5500
Radeon RX 6550M
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 780 Ti
GeForce GTX 970
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon RX 480
Radeon RX 5600M
Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design
Radeon R9 290X / 390X
Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 290
Radeon Pro 5500 XT
Radeon R9 M490 *
GeForce GTX 780 
Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6500
Radeon RX 5300
Intel Arc A770M
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Radeon Pro 580X
Radeon RX 6400
GeForce RTX 2050
Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS
GeForce GTX 980M
Quadro M5000M
Radeon RX 6300
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design
Radeon Pro 570
Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti
Quadro M4000M
Radeon R9 280X  380X 
GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design
GeForce MX570
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon 780M
GeForce GTX 960
GeForce GTX 970M
Quadro M4000M *
GeForce GTX 680


Group 4 

Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
Radeon Pro WX 7100
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 1650
Intel Arc A730M
Radeon HD 7970
Radeon R9 M395X
Radeon R9 M485X
Radeon R9 M480 *
Radeon R9 M295X
Radeon R9 M390X *
FirePro W7170M *
Radeon R9 M395
Radeon R7 370
Radeon RX 5500M
GeForce GTX 590
GeForce GTX 880M
GeForce GTX 950
Radeon R9 270X
GeForce GTX 660 Ti
GeForce GTX 760
GeForce GTX 780M
Quadro K5100M
GeForce GTX 680MX
Radeon HD 7870
GeForce GTX 965M
Quadro M3000M *
GeForce GTX 870M
Radeon R9 M290X
Radeon HD 8970M
Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) 
GeForce GTX 580
Radeon HD 6970
GeForce GTX 1050
GeForce GTX 680M
GeForce GTX 775M
GeForce GTX 1630
FirePro M6100
Radeon HD 7970M
Radeon R9 M390 *
GeForce GTX 750 Ti


Group 5

GeForce GTX 570
GeForce GTX 480
GeForce GTX 960M
Quadro M2000M *
Quadro K5000M
Quadro K4100M
GeForce GTX 770M
GeForce GTX 860M
GeForce GTX 675MX
GeForce GTX 950M
GeForce GTX 850M
Quadro M1000M
Radeon R9 M280X
Radeon HD 7950M *
GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Radeon HD 6870
GeForce GTX 470
GeForce GT 1030
GeForce MX330
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 5800HS 
FirePro 3D V8800
GeForce MX250


Group 6

Radeon Pro WX 3200
Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H
Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U
Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U
Radeon Pro WX 4150
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G
Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE
GeForce GTX 485M
FirePro W6150M
Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M470
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U
Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE
Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U
FirePro V7900
Radeon HD 5970
Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G
Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE
Radeon RX 550X
FirePro V8800
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U
GeForce MX150
Quadro K3100M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R7 250X
Intel HD 5600
Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 460
Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U
Quadro K620
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics
Intel Iris Pro P580
Intel UHD Graphics P630
Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5870
Radeon HD 6870
Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 7770
Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U
GeForce GTX 745
Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile
Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U
Quadro M600M
Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U
Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics


Group 7 

GeForce 945M
Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro M5100
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U
GeForce GTX 580M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M385
Quadro 5000M
Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U
Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics
FirePro V7800
Radeon R9 350
Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G
Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U
GeForce GTX 460 SE
Radeon Pro W5500M
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G
Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GT 645
GeForce GTX 765M
Radeon R9 M385X
Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5850
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G
Intel Iris Pro 580
Radeon HD 6850
Intel Iris Xe MAX
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U
Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core
GeForce GTX 470M
Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 670MX
Radeon RX 640
Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3
Radeon R7 450
GeForce GTX 675M
Radeon Pro WX 4130
Intel Iris Xe MAX 100
Quadro 5000
Radeon RX 570X
Radeon HD 7700-serie
Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 8 


Group 8 
 
GeForce MX230
GeForce GTX 765M
Quadro K4000M
Iris Pro Graphics P580 *
Iris Pro Graphics 580 *
GeForce GTX 645
Quadro M520
GeForce GTX 570M
GeForce MX130
Radeon RX 540
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U
Intel UHD Graphics 770
Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE 
Radeon HD 5850
GeForce GTX 675M
GeForce GTX 580M
Radeon HD 6990M
Radeon R9 M385X *
Radeon R9 M470X *
Radeon R9 M470 *
Radeon R9 M385 *
Radeon R9 M380 *
Radeon R9 M370X
Radeon R9 M275
Radeon HD 7770
GeForce GTX 485M
GeForce GTX 460 768MB
Radeon HD 6790
GeForce GTX 285M SLI
Quadro K3100M
FirePro W5170M *
GeForce GTX 670MX
Quadro 5010M
GeForce GTX 760M
GeForce GTX 670M


Group 9 

GeForce 940MX *
Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5)
FirePro M8900
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R9 M270
Radeon HD 8870M
Radeon HD 7870M
Quadro K3000M
GeForce GTX 570M
FirePro M6000
FirePro M5100
Quadro K2100M
Radeon HD 5770
GeForce GTX 550 Ti
GeForce GTX 280M SLI
Radeon HD 6950M
Radeon R7 250
GeForce GT 755M
GeForce GTX 660M
GeForce 845M
Radeon HD 8850M
Radeon R9 M365X
Radeon R9 M265X
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro W5130M *
Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U 
Radeon HD 7850M
Radeon HD 8790M
FirePro W4170M
FirePro W4190M
FirePro W4100
Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U
Quadro 4000M
GeForce GTX 470M
GeForce GTX 480M
GeForce GT 750M
Iris Pro Graphics 6200
Quadro K1100M
GeForce 940M
Radeon R9 M375
GeForce 930MX *
Radeon R7 M380 *
Radeon R7 M370
Quadro M600M *
GeForce GT 650M
Quadro K620M
GeForce 840M
Radeon R7 M275DX
GeForce GT 745M
Radeon HD 7770M
GeForce GTX 560M
Radeon R7 
Iris Pro Graphics 5200
GeForce GT 740M
GeForce 930M
Radeon HD 4850


Group 10

Iris Graphics 550 *
GeForce 830M
Iris Graphics 540
Quadro M500M *
Quadro K2000M
GeForce GTS 450
GeForce GTX 260M SLI
GeForce GT 735M
Mobility Radeon HD 5870
GeForce 825M
Quadro 5000M
FirePro M4000
FirePro M7820
Radeon HD 6870M
GeForce 9800M GTX SLI
Radeon HD 8830M *
Radeon HD 8770M
Radeon R7 M260X
GeForce GTX 460M
GeForce 920MX *
GeForce GT 730M
Radeon HD 7750M
GeForce GT 645M *
FirePro M4100
Radeon HD 8750M
Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G
Quadro 3000M
Radeon R7 M270
Radeon R7 M265
Quadro FX 3800M
GeForce GTX 285M
Mobility Radeon HD 4870
GeForce GT 640M
Radeon R7 (Kaveri)
Radeon R8 M365DX
Radeon R7 M460 *
Radeon HD 7730M
Radeon R7 M360
GeForce GTX 280M
Radeon HD 8690M
Quadro FX 3700M
Radeon R7 M340
GeForce 920M
Radeon R6 M340DX
HD Graphics 530
HD Graphics P530
Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU
Radeon R7 M260
Radeon R6 


Group 11

Mobility Radeon HD 4860
FirePro M7740
Mobility Radeon HD 4850
GeForce GTX 260M
GeForce 9800M GTX
Quadro FX 2800M
Radeon HD 8670D
Radeon HD 7690M XT
FirePro M5950
GeForce GT 640M LE
Radeon R6 (Kaveri)
Radeon HD 8650M *
Radeon HD 8730M
Radeon HD 6770M
GeForce GT 635M
GeForce GT 555M
Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B
Radeon HD 5670
Mobility Radeon HD 5850
Radeon HD 6850M
Quadro 2000M
GeForce 9800M GT
GeForce 8800M GTX
Quadro FX 3600M
GeForce GT 445M
GeForce GTS 360M


Group 12

GeForce GT 240
Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700
Radeon HD 7690M
HD Graphics 5600
Radeon HD 8570D
Radeon HD 8670M
Radeon R6 M255DX
Radeon HD 7660D
Radeon HD 6750M
Quadro K1000M
GeForce GT 550M
Radeon HD 8590M *
GeForce GTS 260M
GeForce GTS 160M
GeForce 9800M GTS
GeForce GT 430
Radeon HD 6830M
Mobility Radeon HD 5830
Radeon HD 6730M *
GeForce 9800M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 4830
Mobility Radeon HD 5770
Radeon HD 6570M
Radeon HD 8650G
Radeon HD 7670M
GeForce GT 630M
Radeon HD 7560D
GeForce GTS 150M *
Radeon R5 M335
Radeon R5 M430 *
Radeon R5 M330
Radeon R5 M255
Radeon Vega 3
Quadro 1000M
GeForce 820M
FirePro W2100
HD Graphics 520 620 
Iris Graphics 6100


GeForce GT 720M
GeForce 8800M GTS
Radeon R5 M240
Radeon R5 M320 *
Radeon R5 M230
Radeon R5 M315 *
Mobility Radeon HD 5750 *
Radeon HD 8570M
Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B
HD Graphics 6000
Quadro K610M
Radeon HD 8550M
Iris Graphics 5100
GeForce GT 540M
Mali-T880 MP12 *
Radeon HD 8610G *
Radeon HD 6650M
HD Graphics 4600
Mobility Radeon HD 5730
HD Graphics 5500
Radeon R5 (Carrizo) *
Radeon R5 (Kaveri)
FirePro M5800
NVS 5400M
GeForce 710M
Radeon HD 7660G
GeForce GT 435M
HD Graphics 5000


Quadro K510M *
Radeon HD 5570
Radeon HD 6550M
Radeon HD 7590M *
GeForce GTS 350M
GeForce GTS 250M
Radeon HD 6630M
Radeon HD 7650M
FirePro M2000
Radeon HD 7570M
Radeon HD 7630M
Quadro FX 1800M
Mobility Radeon HD 5650
Radeon HD 8510G *
Radeon HD 6530M
Radeon HD 8550G
Quadro K500M *
GeForce GT 625M *
GeForce GT 620M
GeForce GT 525M
Radeon HD 6550D *
Radeon HD 7610M
Radeon HD 7620G
Radeon HD 8470D
Radeon HD 7640G
Adreno 530
GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU)
HD Graphics 4400
HD Graphics 510 515 *


NVS 5200M
Mobility Radeon HD 565v
Radeon HD 7550M
Mobility Radeon HD 4670
GeForce GT 425M
GeForce 9700M GTS
Radeon HD 6645G2 *
Quadro FX 2700M
GeForce GT 335M
Radeon HD 7600G
Mobility Radeon HD 3870
Mobility Radeon HD 4650
GeForce GT 220
GeForce GT 420M
Radeon HD 7530M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3850
GeForce GT 330M
Quadro FX 880M
Quadro NVS 5100M
GeForce GT 240M
Radeon HD 7490M *
HD Graphics 5300
Radeon HD 7510M *
GeForce Go 7950 GTX
Quadro FX 3500M
GeForce 8700M GT SLI
GeForce 9700M GT
GeForce GT 230M
Mobility Radeon HD 550v
Radeon HD 7480D
HD Graphics 4000
Mali-T760 MP8
Radeon HD 6620G
HD Graphics (Broadwell) *
Adreno 430
Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L)
Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri)
HD Graphics (Skylake) *


Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5
Radeon HD 7500G
Radeon HD 8450G
Radeon HD 7470M
Radeon HD 6490M
Radeon HD 8400
Mali-T880 MP4
GeForce GT 520MX
Radeon HD 7520G
GeForce GT 325M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI
GeForce 8600M GT SLI
GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI
GeForce GT 130M
NVS 4200M
GeForce Go 7900 GTX
Quadro FX 2500M
Radeon HD 8350G
Radeon HD 8330
GeForce 9650M GS
GeForce 9650M GT
Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema)
GeForce 8700M GT
Quadro FX 1700M
Quadro FX 1600M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX
GeForce Go 7900 GS
Quadro NVS 320M
Quadro FX 1500M
GeForce 9600M GT
GeForce GT 220M
Quadro FX 770M
GeForce GT 120M
Radeon HD 7450M
GeForce 610M
GeForce 705M
Mali-T760 MP6
Radeon HD 6470M
FirePro M3900 *
GeForce GT 520M
Radeon HD 7420G
Mobility Radeon HD 3670
Mobility FireGL V5725
PowerVR GX6450
Adreno 420
HD Graphics (Haswell)


Radeon HD 6520G
Radeon HD 8310G *
GeForce 320M
GeForce GT 320M
Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT
Mobility Radeon X1900
Mobility Radeon X1800XT
Mobility Radeon X1800
GeForce Go 6800 Ultra
GeForce Go 7800
GeForce 9600M GS
GeForce 9500M GS
Radeon HD 7400G
Radeon HD 6480G *
Mobility Radeon HD 2700
GeForce GT 415M
GeForce 410M
Radeon HD 7370M
Adreno 418
HD Graphics (Cherry Trail)
Radeon HD 6370M
Radeon HD 8280
Mobility Radeon HD 5470
Radeon HD 6450M
Radeon HD 7430M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3650
Mobility FireGL V5700
Mobility Radeon HD 5145
Mobility Radeon HD 545v
Radeon R6 (Mullins) *
Radeon HD 8240
Radeon HD 8250
Mobility Radeon HD 4570
Quadro FX 570M
Mobility Radeon HD 5450 *
Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) *
GeForce 8600M GT
Mobility Radeon HD 2600
HD Graphics 3000
Quadro FX 380M
GeForce 310M
GeForce G210M
NVS 3100M
GeForce 405M
GeForce 315M
GeForce Go 7600 GT
GeForce 9500M G
GeForce 8600M GS
NVS 2100M
GeForce Go 7700
GeForce Go 6800
Quadro FX Go 1400
Mobility Radeon X800XT
Radeon HD 6430M *
Radeon HD 6380G *
Mobility Radeon HD 5430
Radeon HD 8210
Mobility Radeon HD 540v
Mobility Radeon HD 4550
HD Graphics 2500
HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge)


Quadro NVS 310 
Radeon HD 7350M *
Radeon HD 6350M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4530
Mobility Radeon HD 4350
Radeon HD 4350
GeForce 305M
Mobility Radeon X1700
Mobility FireGL V5250
Mobility Radeon X2500
GeForce Go 7600
Quadro NVS 300M
Mobility Radeon X800
Mobility Radeon X1600
Mobility FireGL V5200
Mobility Radeon 9800
GeForce Go 6600
Mobility Radeon X1450
Mobility Radeon X700
Mobility FireGL V5000
GeForce G 110M
Quadro NVS 295 
Radeon HD 6330M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4330
GeForce 8400M GT
Quadro NVS 140M
HD Graphics 2000
GeForce 9500M GE *
GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE)
HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) *


Adreno 330
PowerVR G6430
PowerVR GX6250
PowerVR G6400
HD Graphics (Bay Trail)
Mali-T628 MP6
Mali-T760 MP4
Chrome9HD *
Radeon HD 7340
Radeon HD 6320 *
Radeon HD 7310
Radeon HD 6310 *
Radeon HD 8180
Mobility Radeon HD 3470
GeForce 9300M G
ION 2 *
GeForce 9300M GS
Quadro FX 370M
Quadro NVS 160M
GeForce 9200M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Mobility Radeon HD 3430
Mobility Radeon HD 3410
Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT
Radeon HD 4270
Radeon HD 4250
Radeon HD 7290 *
Radeon HD 6290 *
Radeon HD 4200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics
Radeon HD 6250


Quadro NVS 150M
Quadro FX 360M
Mobility Radeon X1350
Mobility Radeon X1400
GeForce 9100M G
GeForce 8400M GS
Quadro NVS 135M
Mobility Radeon HD 2400
Radeon HD 3200
Radeon HD 4225 *
Radeon HD 4100 *
SGX554MP4
Mali-T628 MP4
Mobility Radeon HD 3400 *
Radeon HD 3100
GeForce 8400M G
Mali-T860 MP2
Quadro NVS 130M
GeForce 8200M G
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M
Mali-T604 MP4
GeForce Go 7400
Quadro FX 350M
Quadro NVS 120M
GeForce Go 7300
GeForce Tegra 4 *
PowerVR G6200
Adreno 405 *
Quadro NVS 110M
Mobility Radeon X600
Mobility FireGL V3200
Mobility FireGL V3100
Mobility Radeon HD X2300
Mobility Radeon 9700


Mobility FireGL T2e
Mobility Radeon X1300
GeForce4 4200 Go
Mobility Radeon 9600
Mobility FireGL T2
Mobility Radeon 9550
GeForce Go 7200
GeForce Go 6400
Mobility Radeon X300
GeForce Go 6250
GeForce Go 6200
GeForce FX Go 5700
Quadro FX Go 1000
GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650
Radeon Xpress X1270
Radeon Xpress X1250
Radeon Xpress X1200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100
Mali-T624
Adreno 320 *
Mali-T760 MP2
Mali-T720 MP4
Mali-450 MP4
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 *
GeForce 7190M *
GeForce 7150M
Radeon Xpress 1150
GeForce Go 6150
GeForce Go 6100
GeForce 7000M
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 *
Mobility Radeon 9200
Mobility FireGL 9000
GeForce FX Go 5200
Mobility Radeon 9000
GeForce 4 488 Go
GeForce 4 460 Go
GeForce 4 440 Go
GeForce 4 420 Go
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 
SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 *
Mali-T720 MP2
Mali-T720
Adreno 302 304 305 306
Mobility Radeon 7500
Mobility FireGL 7800
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 


Radeon Xpress 200M
Radeon Xpress 1100
Mirage 3+ 672MX
Mirage 3 671MX
Mali-400 MP4 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) *
VideoCore-IV *
Adreno 220 225*
Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core
Mali-400 MP2 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 *
SGX540 *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500
Adreno 205 *
Adreno 203 *
GC800 *
SGX535
SGX531
SGX530
Adreno 200 *
Mali-200 *
GeForce 3 Go *
GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100
Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP
Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP
Mobility Radeon M7
Mobility Radeon M6
Chrome9 HC
Extreme Graphics 2
Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP
Radeon IGP 340M
Radeon IGP 320M
S3G UniChrome Pro II
S3G UniChrome Pro
Castle Rock
Mirage 2 M760
Mirage M661FX
S3 Graphics ProSavage8
Mobility 128 M3
SM502 *
&lt;/pre&gt;


Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need...

DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a &quot;vendor-neutral&quot; portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. 

&quot;let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!&quot; - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. 

There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). 

Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. 

Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA &amp; AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD &amp; Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. 


So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like:

* AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (radeonsi)  
* AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (r600g) -&gt; games/apps/etc.
* NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (nouveau) -&gt; games/apps.
* Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (i945) -&gt; games/apps.


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=30%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Fudomi GC888A
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 100in throw projector 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vamvo VF320 (720P) 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Happrun H1 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 100in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Zentality A10 Plus 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 110in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nexigo nova mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nebula mars 3 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;dangbei freedo 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;benq gv50 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. 
AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. 


Bluetooth is similarly unlikely to be ever supported due to huge cost to be certified. 


No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed.</text>
      <sha1>ms4dag8brnqyk2l8bgofbgpbuahtxwf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641748</id>
      <parentid>4641747</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T20:34:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641748</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="228373" sha1="lekjyfnuqfzrto1epm2cfw8oeeq6vx3" xml:space="preserve">Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], 

{{ArosNav}}


[[#Audio Chipsets]]

[[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]]

[[#Rough gfx comparison]]

[[#]]


==x86 Native Environment==


AROS should run on almost any i386 PC hardware so long as the CPU is newer than an i486, and has a &quot;Floating Point Unit (FPU)&quot;. Ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. 


Motherboards supported 
* Most Intel mobos are supported (Skt 775 is ok but newer is better) - additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc 
* AMD based socket 939 am2 am2+ am3+, fusion and am4 ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed 


Supported graphics cards (gfx) 
* Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2017. 
64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs and higher to GTX 900s and '''3D''' from . 
32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT through to fermi gtx5xx and  '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx. 
* Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009. 
'''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards 
* AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2005. 
Desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600. Experimental 2D version for up to HD3xxx came later 
* VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. 

 It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. 


Sound wise there are 

* HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) 
* some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) 


* PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards 
* PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] 
* PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards 
* PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 


Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc 
* PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 
* PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100
* PCI intel pro100
* Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 
* VIA 10/100 
* 3com Etherlink 10/100 
* Realtek rtl8029 10mbit 


Wireless wifi 
* atheros 5000 wireless 
*realtek 8187 usb 


It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. 

* mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot
* micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. 
* full atx will have more slots available 

'''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. 

Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. 


The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World]


: Brief Timeline

: 2000-12-06 HIDD  first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz])
: 2001-03-31 BOOT  first boot from floppy disk with IDE device 
: 2001-10-30 BOOT  first cd bootable version
: 2002-01-27 HIDD  first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz)
: 2002-04-13 BOOT  software HDToolBox added ()
: 2003-04-03 HIDD  vesa2.hidd graphic modes added ()
: 2004-03-08 HIDD  new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz)
: 2004-03-17 HIDD  nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-01-05 AHI   AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom)
: 2005-01-06 AHI   SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger)
: 2005-02-04 AHI   AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) 
: 2005-06-27 NIC   amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2005-08-25 NIC   nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-12-24 NIC   Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2006-03-25 HIDD  ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz)
: 2007-03-06 HIDD  vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) 
: 2007-03-08 HIDD  dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) 
: 2007-03-21 HIDD  usb initial commit (Michal Schulz)


: 2007-10-01 BOOT  Installer added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2007-11-29 PORT  64bit x86 added  (Michal Schulz) 
: 2008-04-12 BOOT  GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews)
: 2008-08-26 NIC   RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) 
: 2008-10-22 PORT  to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz)
: 2009-02-25 PORT  to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) 
: 2009-05-18 HIDD  poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) 
: 2009-11-18 NIC   RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet])
: 2009-12-23 AHI   HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler)
: 2010-03-09 BOOT  USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2010-05-26 HIDD  Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz)
: 2010-09-03 NIC   Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2011-04-30 HIDD  Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support (Deadwood) 
: 2011-08-30 HIDD  Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft)
: 2011-09-17 NIC   Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2011-12-09 HIDD  Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) 


: 2013-02-25 AHI   AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2013-03-31 PORT  early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) 
: 2014-01-16 AHI   Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2017-02-17 PORT  Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz)
: 2018-10-20 PORT  Big Endian ARM 
: 2021-11-26 NIC   Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2023-01-12 NIC   Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2025-11    HIDD  xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews)


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Audio Chipsets===

'''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' 


====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI====

*2021 5.27 

as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. 

The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). 

Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
|
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1370 (u?)   AK4531 (u?)
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
| 0x00
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
|
|-
| CT4700  Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5000
| 0x7c
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works -  opamp JRC4565(u?)  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) 
|-
| CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4565-1056W (u1)  stac9708t(u2)  [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3)  24wc012 (u4) 
|-
| CT4751 (SB128PCI) 
| 0x1274
| 0x8001
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) 
|-
| CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V
| 0x1274 
| 0x1371 
| 0x06
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4812 (Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4813 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4815 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). 
|-
| CT5801 HP 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5803 Gateway 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works  4565-0005b jrc (u1)    4297a-jq ztae0c0002  (u2)    es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT4740
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 
|-
| CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7  
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5806  (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?)  ZTAPWC9933 (u2)   es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1373 (u?) 
|-
| CT5808
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938
| 0x1102
| 0x8938
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT5880 on various motherboards 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5880 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, 
|-
| VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x02
| {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;pre&gt;
Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A  
Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B  

Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A  
Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C  
Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D  
Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E  

Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B  
Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A  
Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8  
&lt;/pre&gt;


====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio====

*2021 5.10 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686B KT133A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x50
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM333 KT333 with VT8235 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x30
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x40 0x50 0x60 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy====

*2021 6.5

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1)
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested (1st Gen)
|-
| Live CT4620 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested             
|-
| Live CT4760 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| playback works
|-
| Live Value CT4670 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| works plays stereo (2nd Gen)
|-
| Live Value DELL CT4780 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x06
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode
|-
| Live Value Compaq CT4830 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| not working 
|-
| Live Value CT4831 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{partial|Line-In only}}
| works
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x08
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works
|-
| Live Value HP CT4870 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| Works
|-
| Live Value Gateway CT4871 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen)
|-
| Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Live 5.1 Player SB0220 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1
|-
| Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| working 
|-
| Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2)
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Audigy SB0230 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1102
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0004
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x03
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Mic only}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested)
|-
| Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx
| 0x1102 
| 0x0006 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| 
|-
| Live 24bit SB0410 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Live 24bit DELL SB0413 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy LS SB0310 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570
| 0x1102
| 0x0007
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO)
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 PRO SB0380
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 
| 0x1102 
| 0x000
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver but linux support needs firmware 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out 
the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 


====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media====

*2021 5.20 

;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Audiotrak MAYA EX5 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| cmi8738-sx 4ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested
|-
| e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EDio SC3000D 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{no}}
| 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec 5.1 PCI 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| Has SPDIF
|-
| Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| XSonic CMI 8738 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision 
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x13f6
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0111
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Chinese based card with playback tested so far 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2001-2005 ac97.audio====

*6.4 27-12-2008 


The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns 

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 

The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC200 and ALC201 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC201A and ALC202  and ALC202A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC650 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC850 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Acorp 7NFU400 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8080
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x24c5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881 SoundMAX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Analog Devices first AC97 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1885 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1886 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1887 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ADI AD1888 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 1.51
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1981A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM X30 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1985 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1986 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM T23
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x103c
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3085 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI 6501 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9738
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9739
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI 9739A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;STAC9708T codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VIA VT1612, VT82C686
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1968
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1978
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1988
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x12
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ymf-753 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451
| 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) 
| 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX)
| 0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| no support - introduced early 2000s
|-
| SIS 7012 
| 0x1039
| 0x7012
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM9717 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Parallels 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| VirtualBox
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working
|-
| VirtualPC
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel 82801AA Proxmox 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio====

*6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] 
*6.35 202  [] 
*6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards 
*6.29 2018 
*6.27 2017 update
*6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x 
*6.20 July 2012 
*6.17 Nov 2011 
*6.15 Jun 2011
*[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=109 6.13] Sep 2010


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC260 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC262 
* ALC262-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC268 codec
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. 
|-
| [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] 
* ALC269Q-GR
* ALC269QSRS-GR
* ALC269W-GR 
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 &amp; co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] 
|-
| [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] 
* ALC269Q-VB5-GR 
* ALC269Q-VB6-CG 
* ALC269Q-VB6-GR 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, 
* v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13
* v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 
|-
| [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202]
* ALC269Q-VC2-GR
* ALC269Q-VC3-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100203, 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;SMT SMD QFN-48 - 
* v1 unknown
* v2 unknown
* v3 x230, dell wyse, 
|-
| ALC272 
* ALC272-VA4-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0272
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC273 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC270 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC282 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;needs retest 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC660 ALC660-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* works asus F9s, F9e 
* untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC661-GR (2011) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC662 
| 0x1043
| 0x82a1
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}}
| 
* works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663]  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0861
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.13}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance 
* not working Asus n50vn x71vn, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC665 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC666 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC667
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC668 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC880 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;some 915 and 925 chipset mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC882M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some early versions work }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), 
|-
| Codec ALC885 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0885
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888s
* ALC888S-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC888b
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo),  
|-
| ALC888-VD
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested 
|-
| ALC889A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 Gr
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} with crackles 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Tested with MSI H55 board 
|-
| ALC887 ALC887-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 
|-
| ALC887-VD-CG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 
| 
|-
| ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887 0x1458
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} index = 2 
| ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead 
* working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), 
* not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, 
|-
| ALC887-VD2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 3jacks 
|-
| ALC887-VD2-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC887-
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC892-CG rev
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - 
|-
| ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 2009 introduced 
* works 
* not working 
* untested 
|-
| ALC892 rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0892
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2014 
|-
| Realtek ALC886-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD 
| 0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0663
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
* not working Toshiba Tecra A7 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC898 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3232 (aka ALC292) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0292
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3234 aka ALC255 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0255 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;003
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3287 aka ALC257
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1882 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1883 HD Codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1884 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| IBM Thinkpad T60, 
|-
| AD1984 hp-m4 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, 
|-
| AD1986 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| AD1988
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1988A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4207
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4208 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|very very very low volume}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549-12Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested HP 530 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20561 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working lenovo x200s
* untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20582 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20585 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20672 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20671 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20751-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11852 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11880 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Silicon Labs 3054 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VIA 1708A
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested, 
|-
| VIA VT1708B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| 0x0010
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|VIA PicoITX}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| VIA 1708S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}  
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VT2021 10ch
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Creative CA0110-IBG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), 
|-
| IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works HP Compaq mini 110
* untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, 
|-
| IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel D5400XS, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD73C
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD75B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x111d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7608
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required]
* untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD81XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD83XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 92HD89XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM8860 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. 

 Output &lt;- Codec &lt;- Audio Controller (HDA) &lt;-&gt; Computer 

codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a &quot;codec&quot;. Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. 

Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 

 Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. 


Things to try if sound not working 

* try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa 
* make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... 
* even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters 
* it might be internally muted 


&lt;pre&gt;
add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Bifteck &gt; RAM:audio.txt
&lt;/pre&gt;

or 

&lt;pre&gt;
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; RAM:audio.txt
Run ahi prefs
Click test tone button 
Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add &quot;debug=memory&quot; to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. 

or 

* try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line 
* '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file 
* Reboot
* open a shell
* type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi &gt; ram:debug.txt
* open ahi prefs
* select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise 
* press the 'test sound' button
* press ctrl-c in the shell
* post the results to Aros-World


The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. 

HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs 


====Envy24 series ====

A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). 

There are PCI Express versions appearing. 

The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards.

N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. 


=====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Playback
! Recording
! Comments
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| works audio out on   - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001  2001 REV-B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B  or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps 
* be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues 
|-
| M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;M-Audio Delta DiO 2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Terratec EWX24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1412
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1712
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| untested  - AKM  and codec
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWSA88MT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1212M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1616M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Value
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
    Event Electronics EZ8
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Digigram VX442
    Lionstracs
    Mediastation
    Terrasoniq TS 88
    Roland/Edirol DA-2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


=====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ESI Juli@
| 0x3031
| 0x4553
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K 
| 0x3031
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3631
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192
| 0x1412
| 0x3630 0x1724 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1147
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - discontinued 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] 
| 0x153b
| 0x1145
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - semaphore error on rev 3 -  DAC    ADC  
|-
| Terratec Phase 22
| 0x153b
| 0x1150
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| Terratec Phase 28
| 0x153b
| 0x1149 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Playback 
| Recording
| Revision 
| Comments
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1
| 0x4933
| 0x4553
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT
| 0x3132
| 0x4154
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - STAC9460S codec 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Echo Layla 24/96 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3632
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ONKYO SE-150PCI
| 0x160b
| 0x0001
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESI Waveterminal 192x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quartet 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9840 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Not detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVidia HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Graphic GFX Chipsets===

[https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. 

AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets 
* Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, 
* Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, 

The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 


2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench &gt; out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 


3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], 


HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up 

&lt;pre&gt;
HDMI (licensing fee)
1.2 720p res. 
1.3 1080 resolution 
1.4  4K @ 30Hz
2.0  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 
2.2 ultra96 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 

1.4  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
GPMI chinese standard 

2.0

&lt;/pre&gt;


*OpenGL4 must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support. The last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) on [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] and Nvidia RTX might come to AROS) but Intel UHD, Iris Plus or Xe or Arc will not unless a developer wants the challenge - [https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.0.html#mesa-20-0-0-release-notes-2020-02-19 Mesa 20.0.0] implements the OpenGL 4.6 API, but the version reported by glGetString(GL_VERSION) or glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION) / glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION) depends on the particular driver being used and may report a lower version depending on each driver. Mesa 20.0.0 implements the Vulkan 1.2 API, but the version reported by the apiVersion property of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties struct depends on the particular driver being used. 
*OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) 

*OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau on Aros 32bit, 
*OpenGL1 intel gma950 on Aros 32bit and 64bit, 


====vga.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====vesa.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour -  no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]====

DVI output is not supported at the moment. 

If having problems:

* Ensure the latest version is being used. 
* Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test 
* Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon.

If still having problems:

* At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory
* Boot.
* Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck &gt; RAM:debug.txt
* And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;3%&quot; |Rev
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Laptop LCD
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work 
|-
| 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GL 82915GL GMCH 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GV 82915GV GMCH
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| HP DC5100 small form factor 
|-
| 915GM GMA900
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel  gearbox  }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| asus eee pc 900 
|-
| 915GMS 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel   }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) 
| 0x8086
| 0x2772
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, 
|-
| 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27a2
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| Dell D430 
|-
| 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27ae
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No|dvi port}}
| {{Yes| }}
| for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks
* 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, 
|-
| 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945GC 82945GC MCH
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945PM 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, 
|-
| 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|most models}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| 
* 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, 
* 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400,  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GMA 3100 G31 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| GMA 3100 G33 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; G965
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; Q965 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2992
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Only tested with VGA output.
|-
| 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output 
* untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, 
|-
| 960GM X3100 (400 MHz)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| 965M X3100 (400 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Dell D830, 
|-
| 965PM ??
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GL965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GM965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GMA X3500 G35 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42 0x2a43
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x07
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt; {{Yes| VESA}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====[http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)====

 PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS 

*Desktop, more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia on Aros 32bit but on Aros 64bit ...
*Laptop, limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations on 32bit but on 64bit ...) 

Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc

* 2026-06 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   20.0 Mesa OpenCL
* 2011-10 - DEVS  6.11 Nouveau.hidd  7.4 Gallium.hidd  9.4 Softpipe - LIBS  2.3 Gallium  1.3 GLU  19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x 
* 2011-04 - DEVS  5.31 Nouveau.hidd  7.3 Gallium.hidd  9.3 Softpipe - LIBS  2.2 Gallium  1.1 GLU  18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a


Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ...
 On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) 
 On Aros 64bit 

ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the &quot;`&quot; key and type &quot;Timedemo demo1&quot; in the console 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|-
| NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  
|-
| Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) 9600GT ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA3 (GT215) GT240 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) gt210 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) ION2 || 38,4 || 53,9 || 61,7 || Not Detected || Not Detected || Not Detected 
|-
| NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE0 Kepler GT630 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  || 
|-
| NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV126 (GM206) GTX950 upwards no reclocking || N/A || N/A || N/A || poor || poor || poor
|-
| NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware  || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown  
|-
| HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|very slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt vanta lt (nv06)  1998 /9
| 0x10de
| 0x002c
| 0x15
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| untested Geforce256 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003)
| 0x10DE
| 0x0322 0x
| 0xA1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|  }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 
* not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&amp;page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] 
* working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver 
* Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD 
|-
| Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| Geforce 5100 (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5200 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600SE
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700VE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700LE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 (NV30)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900ZT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5950 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 5xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F3 0x014F 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| use 5.28}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1  needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006)
| 0x
| 0x0221
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2
* not working 
*working
|-
| GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) 
| 0x
| 0x0161
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) 
| 0x
| 0x0162
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 6200 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x0163
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| PCI-E 
|-
| GeForce 6600 LE
| 0x
| 0x00F4 0x0142 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 
| 0x
| 0x00F2 0x0141
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX
|-
| Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F1 0x0140
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  OpenGL tests - 
|-
| Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x)
| 0x
| 0x0043 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 LE 
| 0x
| 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400)
| 0x
| 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800 GS
| 0x
| 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 
| 0x
| 0x0040 0x0F9 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800XT
| 0x
| 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 VE  
| 0x
| 0x0143
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6500 NV44 
| 0x
| 0x0160 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6250 
| 0x
| 0x0169 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 7800 GTX 
| 0x
| 0x0090 0x0091 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel  gearbox  cube  cube2 25}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - 
* not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - 
* Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports 
* Untested 
|-
| GeForce 7800 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0092
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x02E0 0x0391
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 2.1 
* not working 
* working 
|-
| GeForce 7800 SLI  
| 0x
| 0x0095 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GTX  
| 0x
| 0x0290
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GT GTO  
| 0x
| 0x0291
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0292
| 0x0a1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 
|-
| GeForce 7950 GX2  
| 0x10de
| 0x0293 0x0294
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7950 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0295 0x02E4
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x
| 0x02E3
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x02E1 0x0392
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7650 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0390
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0394 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0093 0x00F5 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 
|-
| GeForce 7100 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x016A
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7350 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) 
| 0x10de 
| 0x01D3
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - 
* not working Asus on via chipset (2015), 
* works Asus on intel chipset (2015), 
|-
| Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0395 0x0393
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 7300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DF 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7500 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DD
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7xxx 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0194
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration 
|-
| Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 200w openGL3  openCL - 2x6pin psu 
* not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, 
* works 
|-
| Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, 
* not working 
* working 
* untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;DVI up to 2500 x 1600
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required
* not working 
* untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT (G92)
| 0x10de
| 0x0611 
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]]
|-
| Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0401 0x0402 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8500 GT G86 based chipset 
| 0x10de
| 0x0421
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL tests - max opengl 3.x but 2.1 offered - max res 
* works Gigabyte 8500 GT, 
* not working 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GS 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0606 0x060D 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| GeForce 8600GS 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B  
|-
| GeForce 8300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0423
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007)    GT218 (2009)
* Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. 
* Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0424 0x0422 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works digital part of DVI but nothing from any display port}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output, supporting up to one 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G98 VP3 pci-e 2.0 512MB DDR2 - 
* not working 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007)
* Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. 
| 0x10de
| 0x0404 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output up to 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G86 VP2 128MB - 
* not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, 
|-
| GeForce 8400 SE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0420
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 2.x openCL 
|-
| NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 socket}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - 
|-
| Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA 2d}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0604
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 150w - 65nm technology 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX 
| 0x10de
| 0x0612
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 2x6pin psu - 
* not working xfx on via chipset (2015),  
* works xfx on chipset intel , 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX+ 
| 0x10de
| 0x0613
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* works on a few models 
|-
| Geforce 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0614
| 0x0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 495  gearbox 513  Cube 156  Cube2 120   Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.1  openCL 1.x - case dual slot - 600w 26amp on both 12v rails for 2x6pin psu on gfx card - no fan control - some come with 1x6pin - renamed version of the venerable GeForce 8800 GT - randomly works 
* not working Gainward 512M untested 
* working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) 
|-
| Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0622
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 493  gearbox 675  Cube  Cube2 100  Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - 
* not working  bfg tech ocx, 
* works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i -
|-
| Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0640
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel 480  gearbox 500  Cube  Cube2 64  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.2 - case single slot - 350 Watt/400 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 18 Amp/22 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - 
* not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, 
* works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2,  
|-
| GeForce 9600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x0623
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working  
* works 
|-
| GeForce 9600 GSO 
| 0x
| 0x0610
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - 
|-
| GeForce 9300 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x06E1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9400 GT  (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9xxx   (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro FX 580 G96 chipset 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
NV84 (G84) 	GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, 
NV92 (G92) 	GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX)
GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX)
NV96 (G96) 	GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), 
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA0 (GT200) Tesla GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E1
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or &quot;VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 260
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|Vesa}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - 
|-
| Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009)  
| 0x10de
| 0x0615
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 486  gearbox 508-642  Cube   Cube2 80   Quake3 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - 
* not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - 
* works  PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ca3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;late 2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - All are pcie 2.1 cards and may not work in 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 with 512MB or 1GB - 
* DDR5 -Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT220 (GT216) G220 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a20
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 2.0.3 GeForce GT220 1GB[[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]]
* untested NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, 
|-
| Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b)
| 0x10de
| 0x0a20
| 0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI but not 1x HDMI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - 
* not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - 
* works  - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a65
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 31W OpenGL 3.3  pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - 
* working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - 
* untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, 
* not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia ION2 9400M class (GT218) Tesla 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3), NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - 
*not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 50w OpenGL 3.3  openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; 2 dp 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; GTX 470, GTX 480   GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1  Tessellation - case dual slots - 
|-
| Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 
| 0x10de
| 0x0e22
| 0xa1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel  gearbox  cube 055-111   cube2 50}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVC0 family (Fermi) OpenGL 4.x but  - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR
* works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0e23
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x91 or 0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; nouveau 6.11 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - 
|-
| Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106  
| 0x10de
| 0x0dc4
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel  gearbox  cube   cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI  }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  2010 Hardware OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau at 3.3  - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, 
* GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, 
* works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* OEM 
* GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5
* GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT430 430GT (GF108) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy await new revision of driver
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 590   Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 580, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 5&quot; or &quot;VP5&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160  H.264 decode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 570, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works gigabyte, evga 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, 
* Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit 
* Ti 256bit 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 560 Ti  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 550 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1201
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA  Doom   Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - 
* untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) -  - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 545 and OEM GF116 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT530 OEM 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT520 520GT  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;510, GT 530    
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; ddr 3 - 50w max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT610 Fermi GF119 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 315 300 GF119S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT630 GF108 Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not accelerated 2015 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 
* not working Gigabyte 
* DDR3
* GDDR5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 730 (two versions) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 
* not working Asus 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 4000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 5000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 780    GeForce GTX 780 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 6&quot; or &quot;VP6&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 770 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 740
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 730 Kepler (two versions) f
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 670
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti GK104 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu 
* not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 640
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
* 128bit DDR3
* 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W 
* 128bit GDDR5 75W 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 620 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2000 NVE7 (GK107) Kepler 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 - 50w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K4200 GK104 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 4Gb GDDR5 - 108W 1 6pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K420 1GB DDR3 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 41W - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 750ti, GeForce 900 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;[https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia GTX 750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1381
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 and tested in 2026 with nouveau test 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2200 (GM107) Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 - 68w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K620 Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 50w slim low profile 2gb ddr3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GM based later Maxwells probably little support 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7&quot; or &quot;VP7&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX (1070, 1080)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support up to OpenGL 4.6 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 50w slim low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce gtx 1060, GeForce 1070
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 Pascal 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 family (Pascal)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018  needs gsp firmware and latest nouveau version 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1650ti super 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 old style 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 av1 decoding ampere 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV170 family (Ampere) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}

==== nouveau mobile integrated ====


 If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| GeForce 6100 nForce 405 
| 0x
| 0x03D1 0x0242
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 420 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0241
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 
| 0x
| 0x03D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0240
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0531
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0533
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x053A 0x053B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a
| 0x
| 0x053E
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No| }}
| some support on some chipsets 
|-
| GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73)   
| 0x10de
| 0x07e1
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) 
| 0x
| 0x084F
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce 8100P 
| 0x
| 0x0847
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 780a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 750a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084D
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;works 
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9400 (ION) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x087d
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;If AROS detects GPU chipset, works sometimes 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9700M ()
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce ION 2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works well 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0244
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0247
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0164 0x0167
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0166 0x0168
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Sony Laptop
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 Ultra 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C9
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0144
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0146
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0148
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0149
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D6
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7300 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D7
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D8 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;works 2D and 3d issues though 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x098
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0099
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7950 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0297
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GS 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0298
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0299
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0398
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0399
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6610 XL
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0145
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6700 XL 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0147
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8700M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0409
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0425
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0426
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0427
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0428
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0609
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x060C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0405
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0407
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9650M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0408
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042E
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9100M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0844
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0628
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9700M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062A
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0647
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0648
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0649
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x064B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9200M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600)
Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV84 (G84) Tesla 8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS
Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G
Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290)
GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV96 (G96)  9650M GT, 9700M GT
GeForce G 102M, GT 120
Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M)
NV98 (G98) 	GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS)
GeForce G 100, G 105M
Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450)
Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA3 (GT215) 	GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M
NVA5 (GT216) 	GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315
Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA8 (GT218) Tesla GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 210M, 305M, 310M, Quadro FX 380M, NVS 2100M, 3100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) 	GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G
NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) 	ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAF (MCP89) 	GeForce 320M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC0 (GF100) Fermi GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 5000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC1 (GF108) GeForce GT 415M, 420M, 425M, 435M, 520M, 525M, 540M, 550M, 555M, 630M, 635M, 640M LE, Quadro 1000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC3 (GF106) Fermi GeForce GT 445M, 555M, 630M, 635M), GTX 460M, Quadro 2000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC4 (GF104) GeForce GTX 470M, 485M, Quadro 5000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVCE (GF114) GeForce GTX 570M, 580M, 670M, 675M,  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD7 (GF117) Fermi Geforce GT 620M, 625M, (some) 630M, 710M, 720M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD9 (GF119) Fermi GeForce 410M, GT 520M, 520MX, 610M, Quadro NVS 4200M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE4 (GK104) GeForce GTX 670M, 680M, 775M, 780M, 860M, Quadro K3000M, K3100M, K4000M, K4100M, K5000M, K5100M, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE7 (GK107) GeForce GT640M, 645M, 650M, 710M, 720M, 730M, 740M, 745M, 750M, 755M, GTX 660M, K500M, K1000M, K1100M, K2000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 1650 mobile
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2050 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 4060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====radeon.hidd====

Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1  

3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets

&lt;pre&gt;
2014 SI        AMD HD 7xxx 
2016 GCN3rd    AMD R5E R7E 
2019 GCN5th    AMD Vega 8  
2022 RDNA1     AMD RX5500 desktop only 
2023 RDNA2     AMD 680M 780M 
2024 RDNA3     AMD 880M 890M
2025 RDNA3.5   AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 
2027 RDNA4     AMD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! 2D
! 3D
! Analogue Output
! Digital Output
! Laptop LCD
! Comments
|-
| 7000 (r100)
| 0x1002
| 0x5159 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x5157 
| 0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 8000 8500 (r200) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x514c (8500LE)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| 9000 9100 9250 (r200)
| 0x1002
| 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100)
| 0x0001
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| 9600 9800 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x300 x600 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420])
| 0x
| 0x554d (R430 x800xl)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) 
|-
| x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture 
|-
| HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 
|-
| HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700])
| 0x1002
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 - DDR3 -  GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - 
|-
| HD6900 cayman series 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - 
|-
| HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 openCL  - GDDR5  
|-
| HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - 
|-
| HD6450  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - DDR3 - 
|-
| HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670  
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - 
Radeon HD 8470 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 8350 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 7510 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6550D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6530D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6410D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6370D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6320 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6310 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6290 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6250 	11 	TeraScale 2
|-
| HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7450-HD7670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan 
Radeon HD 7660D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7560D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7540D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7480D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 6930 	11 	TeraScale 3
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands]
*AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT	
*AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde	
*AMD Radeon R9 255	 Cape Verde PRX	
*AMD Radeon HD 7750  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon R7 250E	 Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 8740  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 7730	 Cape Verde LE
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 430, FirePro W2100, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260  260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 Fury Nano 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL  openCL vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro WX 9100, x200 Series and Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 7900/7600 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700/6600/6500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


==== amd radeon mobile integrated ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x00
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 7500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x4c57 (7500)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9000 
| 0x1002
| 0x4966 (9000)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380)
| 0x1002
| 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) 
| 0x1002
| 0x791f
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;X1200 IGP (RS690)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x71c7 (X1650) 
| 0x009e
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 2100
| 0x1002
| 0x796e (2100)
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670)
| 0x1002 
| 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620)
| 0x1002
| 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770)
| 0x1002 
| 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 Maybe better with Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 AMDGPU Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 285 / R9 380  R9 380X  Fury / Fury X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX460 RX560D polaris11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX580 polaris20 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 6000 Navi 2x 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX6000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RNDA 3 navi
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX9070 rx 9060 XT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 rdna4 navi
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 udna (aka rdna5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; GCN 5
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used 


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only 


*Vulkan
*Gallium


Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen.

bare bones basics data flow

 application,&gt;&gt;&gt; api/opengl/vulkan&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, jit compiler, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;memory manger, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;gpu hardware

so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render.

the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance

Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL 

RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. 


==Rough gfx comparison==

&lt;pre&gt;

Group 1

GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 
GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 


Group 2

GeForce RTX 2070
Radeon RX 7600
Quadro RTX 5000
Radeon PRO W6600
GeForce RTX 2060 12GB
Radeon PRO W7500
Quadro GP100
Radeon RX 6800S
GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU
GeForce GTX 1080
GeForce RTX 3060 8GB
Quadro RTX 4000
Radeon Pro W5700
Radeon RX 6600
GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile)
Radeon RX 7700S
Radeon RX 6700S
Radeon RX 6600S
Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile)
GeForce GTX 1070 Ti
GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU
Radeon Pro Vega 64X
Radeon RX 5700
Radeon RX Vega 64
GeForce RTX 2060
GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design


Group 3

Radeon RX 6600M
GeForce GTX 1070
Radeon RX 6650M
GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU
Radeon RX Vega 56
Radeon RX 6700M
GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6800M
GeForce GTX 980 Ti
Radeon R9 Fury
GeForce GTX 980
Quadro M5500
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon RX 580
Radeon RX 5500
Radeon RX 6550M
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 780 Ti
GeForce GTX 970
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon RX 480
Radeon RX 5600M
Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design
Radeon R9 290X / 390X
Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 290
Radeon Pro 5500 XT
Radeon R9 M490 *
GeForce GTX 780 
Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6500
Radeon RX 5300
Intel Arc A770M
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Radeon Pro 580X
Radeon RX 6400
GeForce RTX 2050
Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS
GeForce GTX 980M
Quadro M5000M
Radeon RX 6300
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design
Radeon Pro 570
Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti
Quadro M4000M
Radeon R9 280X  380X 
GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design
GeForce MX570
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon 780M
GeForce GTX 960
GeForce GTX 970M
Quadro M4000M *
GeForce GTX 680


Group 4 

Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
Radeon Pro WX 7100
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 1650
Intel Arc A730M
Radeon HD 7970
Radeon R9 M395X
Radeon R9 M485X
Radeon R9 M480 *
Radeon R9 M295X
Radeon R9 M390X *
FirePro W7170M *
Radeon R9 M395
Radeon R7 370
Radeon RX 5500M
GeForce GTX 590
GeForce GTX 880M
GeForce GTX 950
Radeon R9 270X
GeForce GTX 660 Ti
GeForce GTX 760
GeForce GTX 780M
Quadro K5100M
GeForce GTX 680MX
Radeon HD 7870
GeForce GTX 965M
Quadro M3000M *
GeForce GTX 870M
Radeon R9 M290X
Radeon HD 8970M
Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) 
GeForce GTX 580
Radeon HD 6970
GeForce GTX 1050
GeForce GTX 680M
GeForce GTX 775M
GeForce GTX 1630
FirePro M6100
Radeon HD 7970M
Radeon R9 M390 *
GeForce GTX 750 Ti


Group 5

GeForce GTX 570
GeForce GTX 480
GeForce GTX 960M
Quadro M2000M *
Quadro K5000M
Quadro K4100M
GeForce GTX 770M
GeForce GTX 860M
GeForce GTX 675MX
GeForce GTX 950M
GeForce GTX 850M
Quadro M1000M
Radeon R9 M280X
Radeon HD 7950M *
GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Radeon HD 6870
GeForce GTX 470
GeForce GT 1030
GeForce MX330
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 5800HS 
FirePro 3D V8800
GeForce MX250


Group 6

Radeon Pro WX 3200
Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H
Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U
Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U
Radeon Pro WX 4150
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G
Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE
GeForce GTX 485M
FirePro W6150M
Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M470
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U
Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE
Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U
FirePro V7900
Radeon HD 5970
Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G
Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE
Radeon RX 550X
FirePro V8800
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U
GeForce MX150
Quadro K3100M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R7 250X
Intel HD 5600
Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 460
Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U
Quadro K620
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics
Intel Iris Pro P580
Intel UHD Graphics P630
Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5870
Radeon HD 6870
Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 7770
Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U
GeForce GTX 745
Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile
Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U
Quadro M600M
Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U
Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics


Group 7 

GeForce 945M
Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro M5100
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U
GeForce GTX 580M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M385
Quadro 5000M
Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U
Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics
FirePro V7800
Radeon R9 350
Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G
Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U
GeForce GTX 460 SE
Radeon Pro W5500M
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G
Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GT 645
GeForce GTX 765M
Radeon R9 M385X
Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5850
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G
Intel Iris Pro 580
Radeon HD 6850
Intel Iris Xe MAX
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U
Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core
GeForce GTX 470M
Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 670MX
Radeon RX 640
Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3
Radeon R7 450
GeForce GTX 675M
Radeon Pro WX 4130
Intel Iris Xe MAX 100
Quadro 5000
Radeon RX 570X
Radeon HD 7700-serie
Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 8 


Group 8 
 
GeForce MX230
GeForce GTX 765M
Quadro K4000M
Iris Pro Graphics P580 *
Iris Pro Graphics 580 *
GeForce GTX 645
Quadro M520
GeForce GTX 570M
GeForce MX130
Radeon RX 540
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U
Intel UHD Graphics 770
Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE 
Radeon HD 5850
GeForce GTX 675M
GeForce GTX 580M
Radeon HD 6990M
Radeon R9 M385X *
Radeon R9 M470X *
Radeon R9 M470 *
Radeon R9 M385 *
Radeon R9 M380 *
Radeon R9 M370X
Radeon R9 M275
Radeon HD 7770
GeForce GTX 485M
GeForce GTX 460 768MB
Radeon HD 6790
GeForce GTX 285M SLI
Quadro K3100M
FirePro W5170M *
GeForce GTX 670MX
Quadro 5010M
GeForce GTX 760M
GeForce GTX 670M


Group 9 

GeForce 940MX *
Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5)
FirePro M8900
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R9 M270
Radeon HD 8870M
Radeon HD 7870M
Quadro K3000M
GeForce GTX 570M
FirePro M6000
FirePro M5100
Quadro K2100M
Radeon HD 5770
GeForce GTX 550 Ti
GeForce GTX 280M SLI
Radeon HD 6950M
Radeon R7 250
GeForce GT 755M
GeForce GTX 660M
GeForce 845M
Radeon HD 8850M
Radeon R9 M365X
Radeon R9 M265X
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro W5130M *
Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U 
Radeon HD 7850M
Radeon HD 8790M
FirePro W4170M
FirePro W4190M
FirePro W4100
Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U
Quadro 4000M
GeForce GTX 470M
GeForce GTX 480M
GeForce GT 750M
Iris Pro Graphics 6200
Quadro K1100M
GeForce 940M
Radeon R9 M375
GeForce 930MX *
Radeon R7 M380 *
Radeon R7 M370
Quadro M600M *
GeForce GT 650M
Quadro K620M
GeForce 840M
Radeon R7 M275DX
GeForce GT 745M
Radeon HD 7770M
GeForce GTX 560M
Radeon R7 
Iris Pro Graphics 5200
GeForce GT 740M
GeForce 930M
Radeon HD 4850


Group 10

Iris Graphics 550 *
GeForce 830M
Iris Graphics 540
Quadro M500M *
Quadro K2000M
GeForce GTS 450
GeForce GTX 260M SLI
GeForce GT 735M
Mobility Radeon HD 5870
GeForce 825M
Quadro 5000M
FirePro M4000
FirePro M7820
Radeon HD 6870M
GeForce 9800M GTX SLI
Radeon HD 8830M *
Radeon HD 8770M
Radeon R7 M260X
GeForce GTX 460M
GeForce 920MX *
GeForce GT 730M
Radeon HD 7750M
GeForce GT 645M *
FirePro M4100
Radeon HD 8750M
Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G
Quadro 3000M
Radeon R7 M270
Radeon R7 M265
Quadro FX 3800M
GeForce GTX 285M
Mobility Radeon HD 4870
GeForce GT 640M
Radeon R7 (Kaveri)
Radeon R8 M365DX
Radeon R7 M460 *
Radeon HD 7730M
Radeon R7 M360
GeForce GTX 280M
Radeon HD 8690M
Quadro FX 3700M
Radeon R7 M340
GeForce 920M
Radeon R6 M340DX
HD Graphics 530
HD Graphics P530
Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU
Radeon R7 M260
Radeon R6 


Group 11

Mobility Radeon HD 4860
FirePro M7740
Mobility Radeon HD 4850
GeForce GTX 260M
GeForce 9800M GTX
Quadro FX 2800M
Radeon HD 8670D
Radeon HD 7690M XT
FirePro M5950
GeForce GT 640M LE
Radeon R6 (Kaveri)
Radeon HD 8650M *
Radeon HD 8730M
Radeon HD 6770M
GeForce GT 635M
GeForce GT 555M
Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B
Radeon HD 5670
Mobility Radeon HD 5850
Radeon HD 6850M
Quadro 2000M
GeForce 9800M GT
GeForce 8800M GTX
Quadro FX 3600M
GeForce GT 445M
GeForce GTS 360M


Group 12

GeForce GT 240
Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700
Radeon HD 7690M
HD Graphics 5600
Radeon HD 8570D
Radeon HD 8670M
Radeon R6 M255DX
Radeon HD 7660D
Radeon HD 6750M
Quadro K1000M
GeForce GT 550M
Radeon HD 8590M *
GeForce GTS 260M
GeForce GTS 160M
GeForce 9800M GTS
GeForce GT 430
Radeon HD 6830M
Mobility Radeon HD 5830
Radeon HD 6730M *
GeForce 9800M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 4830
Mobility Radeon HD 5770
Radeon HD 6570M
Radeon HD 8650G
Radeon HD 7670M
GeForce GT 630M
Radeon HD 7560D
GeForce GTS 150M *
Radeon R5 M335
Radeon R5 M430 *
Radeon R5 M330
Radeon R5 M255
Radeon Vega 3
Quadro 1000M
GeForce 820M
FirePro W2100
HD Graphics 520 620 
Iris Graphics 6100


GeForce GT 720M
GeForce 8800M GTS
Radeon R5 M240
Radeon R5 M320 *
Radeon R5 M230
Radeon R5 M315 *
Mobility Radeon HD 5750 *
Radeon HD 8570M
Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B
HD Graphics 6000
Quadro K610M
Radeon HD 8550M
Iris Graphics 5100
GeForce GT 540M
Mali-T880 MP12 *
Radeon HD 8610G *
Radeon HD 6650M
HD Graphics 4600
Mobility Radeon HD 5730
HD Graphics 5500
Radeon R5 (Carrizo) *
Radeon R5 (Kaveri)
FirePro M5800
NVS 5400M
GeForce 710M
Radeon HD 7660G
GeForce GT 435M
HD Graphics 5000


Quadro K510M *
Radeon HD 5570
Radeon HD 6550M
Radeon HD 7590M *
GeForce GTS 350M
GeForce GTS 250M
Radeon HD 6630M
Radeon HD 7650M
FirePro M2000
Radeon HD 7570M
Radeon HD 7630M
Quadro FX 1800M
Mobility Radeon HD 5650
Radeon HD 8510G *
Radeon HD 6530M
Radeon HD 8550G
Quadro K500M *
GeForce GT 625M *
GeForce GT 620M
GeForce GT 525M
Radeon HD 6550D *
Radeon HD 7610M
Radeon HD 7620G
Radeon HD 8470D
Radeon HD 7640G
Adreno 530
GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU)
HD Graphics 4400
HD Graphics 510 515 *


NVS 5200M
Mobility Radeon HD 565v
Radeon HD 7550M
Mobility Radeon HD 4670
GeForce GT 425M
GeForce 9700M GTS
Radeon HD 6645G2 *
Quadro FX 2700M
GeForce GT 335M
Radeon HD 7600G
Mobility Radeon HD 3870
Mobility Radeon HD 4650
GeForce GT 220
GeForce GT 420M
Radeon HD 7530M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3850
GeForce GT 330M
Quadro FX 880M
Quadro NVS 5100M
GeForce GT 240M
Radeon HD 7490M *
HD Graphics 5300
Radeon HD 7510M *
GeForce Go 7950 GTX
Quadro FX 3500M
GeForce 8700M GT SLI
GeForce 9700M GT
GeForce GT 230M
Mobility Radeon HD 550v
Radeon HD 7480D
HD Graphics 4000
Mali-T760 MP8
Radeon HD 6620G
HD Graphics (Broadwell) *
Adreno 430
Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L)
Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri)
HD Graphics (Skylake) *


Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5
Radeon HD 7500G
Radeon HD 8450G
Radeon HD 7470M
Radeon HD 6490M
Radeon HD 8400
Mali-T880 MP4
GeForce GT 520MX
Radeon HD 7520G
GeForce GT 325M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI
GeForce 8600M GT SLI
GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI
GeForce GT 130M
NVS 4200M
GeForce Go 7900 GTX
Quadro FX 2500M
Radeon HD 8350G
Radeon HD 8330
GeForce 9650M GS
GeForce 9650M GT
Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema)
GeForce 8700M GT
Quadro FX 1700M
Quadro FX 1600M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX
GeForce Go 7900 GS
Quadro NVS 320M
Quadro FX 1500M
GeForce 9600M GT
GeForce GT 220M
Quadro FX 770M
GeForce GT 120M
Radeon HD 7450M
GeForce 610M
GeForce 705M
Mali-T760 MP6
Radeon HD 6470M
FirePro M3900 *
GeForce GT 520M
Radeon HD 7420G
Mobility Radeon HD 3670
Mobility FireGL V5725
PowerVR GX6450
Adreno 420
HD Graphics (Haswell)


Radeon HD 6520G
Radeon HD 8310G *
GeForce 320M
GeForce GT 320M
Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT
Mobility Radeon X1900
Mobility Radeon X1800XT
Mobility Radeon X1800
GeForce Go 6800 Ultra
GeForce Go 7800
GeForce 9600M GS
GeForce 9500M GS
Radeon HD 7400G
Radeon HD 6480G *
Mobility Radeon HD 2700
GeForce GT 415M
GeForce 410M
Radeon HD 7370M
Adreno 418
HD Graphics (Cherry Trail)
Radeon HD 6370M
Radeon HD 8280
Mobility Radeon HD 5470
Radeon HD 6450M
Radeon HD 7430M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3650
Mobility FireGL V5700
Mobility Radeon HD 5145
Mobility Radeon HD 545v
Radeon R6 (Mullins) *
Radeon HD 8240
Radeon HD 8250
Mobility Radeon HD 4570
Quadro FX 570M
Mobility Radeon HD 5450 *
Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) *
GeForce 8600M GT
Mobility Radeon HD 2600
HD Graphics 3000
Quadro FX 380M
GeForce 310M
GeForce G210M
NVS 3100M
GeForce 405M
GeForce 315M
GeForce Go 7600 GT
GeForce 9500M G
GeForce 8600M GS
NVS 2100M
GeForce Go 7700
GeForce Go 6800
Quadro FX Go 1400
Mobility Radeon X800XT
Radeon HD 6430M *
Radeon HD 6380G *
Mobility Radeon HD 5430
Radeon HD 8210
Mobility Radeon HD 540v
Mobility Radeon HD 4550
HD Graphics 2500
HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge)


Quadro NVS 310 
Radeon HD 7350M *
Radeon HD 6350M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4530
Mobility Radeon HD 4350
Radeon HD 4350
GeForce 305M
Mobility Radeon X1700
Mobility FireGL V5250
Mobility Radeon X2500
GeForce Go 7600
Quadro NVS 300M
Mobility Radeon X800
Mobility Radeon X1600
Mobility FireGL V5200
Mobility Radeon 9800
GeForce Go 6600
Mobility Radeon X1450
Mobility Radeon X700
Mobility FireGL V5000
GeForce G 110M
Quadro NVS 295 
Radeon HD 6330M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4330
GeForce 8400M GT
Quadro NVS 140M
HD Graphics 2000
GeForce 9500M GE *
GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE)
HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) *


Adreno 330
PowerVR G6430
PowerVR GX6250
PowerVR G6400
HD Graphics (Bay Trail)
Mali-T628 MP6
Mali-T760 MP4
Chrome9HD *
Radeon HD 7340
Radeon HD 6320 *
Radeon HD 7310
Radeon HD 6310 *
Radeon HD 8180
Mobility Radeon HD 3470
GeForce 9300M G
ION 2 *
GeForce 9300M GS
Quadro FX 370M
Quadro NVS 160M
GeForce 9200M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Mobility Radeon HD 3430
Mobility Radeon HD 3410
Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT
Radeon HD 4270
Radeon HD 4250
Radeon HD 7290 *
Radeon HD 6290 *
Radeon HD 4200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics
Radeon HD 6250


Quadro NVS 150M
Quadro FX 360M
Mobility Radeon X1350
Mobility Radeon X1400
GeForce 9100M G
GeForce 8400M GS
Quadro NVS 135M
Mobility Radeon HD 2400
Radeon HD 3200
Radeon HD 4225 *
Radeon HD 4100 *
SGX554MP4
Mali-T628 MP4
Mobility Radeon HD 3400 *
Radeon HD 3100
GeForce 8400M G
Mali-T860 MP2
Quadro NVS 130M
GeForce 8200M G
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M
Mali-T604 MP4
GeForce Go 7400
Quadro FX 350M
Quadro NVS 120M
GeForce Go 7300
GeForce Tegra 4 *
PowerVR G6200
Adreno 405 *
Quadro NVS 110M
Mobility Radeon X600
Mobility FireGL V3200
Mobility FireGL V3100
Mobility Radeon HD X2300
Mobility Radeon 9700


Mobility FireGL T2e
Mobility Radeon X1300
GeForce4 4200 Go
Mobility Radeon 9600
Mobility FireGL T2
Mobility Radeon 9550
GeForce Go 7200
GeForce Go 6400
Mobility Radeon X300
GeForce Go 6250
GeForce Go 6200
GeForce FX Go 5700
Quadro FX Go 1000
GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650
Radeon Xpress X1270
Radeon Xpress X1250
Radeon Xpress X1200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100
Mali-T624
Adreno 320 *
Mali-T760 MP2
Mali-T720 MP4
Mali-450 MP4
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 *
GeForce 7190M *
GeForce 7150M
Radeon Xpress 1150
GeForce Go 6150
GeForce Go 6100
GeForce 7000M
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 *
Mobility Radeon 9200
Mobility FireGL 9000
GeForce FX Go 5200
Mobility Radeon 9000
GeForce 4 488 Go
GeForce 4 460 Go
GeForce 4 440 Go
GeForce 4 420 Go
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 
SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 *
Mali-T720 MP2
Mali-T720
Adreno 302 304 305 306
Mobility Radeon 7500
Mobility FireGL 7800
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 


Radeon Xpress 200M
Radeon Xpress 1100
Mirage 3+ 672MX
Mirage 3 671MX
Mali-400 MP4 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) *
VideoCore-IV *
Adreno 220 225*
Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core
Mali-400 MP2 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 *
SGX540 *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500
Adreno 205 *
Adreno 203 *
GC800 *
SGX535
SGX531
SGX530
Adreno 200 *
Mali-200 *
GeForce 3 Go *
GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100
Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP
Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP
Mobility Radeon M7
Mobility Radeon M6
Chrome9 HC
Extreme Graphics 2
Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP
Radeon IGP 340M
Radeon IGP 320M
S3G UniChrome Pro II
S3G UniChrome Pro
Castle Rock
Mirage 2 M760
Mirage M661FX
S3 Graphics ProSavage8
Mobility 128 M3
SM502 *
&lt;/pre&gt;


Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need...

DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a &quot;vendor-neutral&quot; portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. 

&quot;let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!&quot; - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. 

There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). 

Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. 

Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA &amp; AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD &amp; Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. 


So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like:

* AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (radeonsi)  
* AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (r600g) -&gt; games/apps/etc.
* NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (nouveau) -&gt; games/apps.
* Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (i945) -&gt; games/apps.


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=30%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Fudomi GC888A
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 100in throw projector 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vamvo VF320 (720P) 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Happrun H1 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 100in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Zentality A10 Plus 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 110in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nexigo nova mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nebula mars 3 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;dangbei freedo 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;benq gv50 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. 
AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. 


Bluetooth is similarly unlikely to be ever supported due to huge cost to be certified. 


No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed.</text>
      <sha1>lekjyfnuqfzrto1epm2cfw8oeeq6vx3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641749</id>
      <parentid>4641748</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T20:43:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641749</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="228379" sha1="3jaz6xw8ls4lfws39jqa3j7ic19ii5r" xml:space="preserve">Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], 

{{ArosNav}}


[[#Audio Chipsets]]

[[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]]

[[#Rough gfx comparison]]

[[#]]


==x86 Native Environment==


AROS should run on almost any i386 PC hardware so long as the CPU is newer than an i486, and has a &quot;Floating Point Unit (FPU)&quot;. Ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. 


Motherboards supported 
* Most Intel mobos are supported (Skt 775 is ok but newer is better) - additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc 
* AMD based socket 939 am2 am2+ am3+, fusion and am4 ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed 


Supported graphics cards (gfx) 
* Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2017. 
64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs and higher to GTX 900s and '''3D''' from . 
32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT through to fermi gtx5xx and  '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx. 
* Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009. 
'''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards 
* AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2005. 
Desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600. Experimental 2D version for up to HD3xxx came later 
* VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. 

 It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. 


Sound wise there are 

* HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) 
* some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) 


* PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards 
* PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] 
* PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards 
* PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 


Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc 
* PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 
* PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100
* PCI intel pro100
* Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 
* VIA 10/100 
* 3com Etherlink 10/100 
* Realtek rtl8029 10mbit 


Wireless wifi 
* atheros 5000 wireless 
*realtek 8187 usb 


It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. 

* mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot
* micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. 
* full atx will have more slots available 

'''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. 

Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. 


The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World]


: Brief Timeline

: 2000-12-06 HIDD  first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz])
: 2001-03-31 BOOT  first boot from floppy disk with IDE device 
: 2001-10-30 BOOT  first cd bootable version
: 2002-01-27 HIDD  first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz)
: 2002-04-13 BOOT  software HDToolBox added ()
: 2003-04-03 HIDD  vesa2.hidd graphic modes added ()
: 2004-03-08 HIDD  new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz)
: 2004-03-17 HIDD  nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-01-05 AHI   AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom)
: 2005-01-06 AHI   SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger)
: 2005-02-04 AHI   AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) 
: 2005-06-27 NIC   amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2005-08-25 NIC   nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-12-24 NIC   Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2006-03-25 HIDD  ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz)
: 2007-03-06 HIDD  vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) 
: 2007-03-08 HIDD  dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) 
: 2007-03-21 HIDD  usb initial commit (Michal Schulz)


: 2007-10-01 BOOT  Installer added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2007-11-29 PORT  64bit x86 added  (Michal Schulz) 
: 2008-04-12 BOOT  GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews)
: 2008-08-26 NIC   RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) 
: 2008-10-22 PORT  to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz)
: 2009-02-25 PORT  to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) 
: 2009-05-18 HIDD  poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) 
: 2009-11-18 NIC   RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet])
: 2009-12-23 AHI   HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler)
: 2010-03-09 BOOT  USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2010-05-26 HIDD  Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz)
: 2010-09-03 NIC   Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2011-04-30 HIDD  Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support (Deadwood) 
: 2011-08-30 HIDD  Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft)
: 2011-09-17 NIC   Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2011-12-09 HIDD  Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) 


: 2013-02-25 AHI   AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2013-03-31 PORT  early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) 
: 2014-01-16 AHI   Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2017-02-17 PORT  Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz)
: 2018-10-20 PORT  Big Endian ARM 
: 2021-11-26 NIC   Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2023-01-12 NIC   Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2025-11    HIDD  xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews)


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Audio Chipsets===

'''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' 


====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI====

*2021 5.27 

as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. 

The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). 

Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
|
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1370 (u?)   AK4531 (u?)
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
| 0x00
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
|
|-
| CT4700  Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5000
| 0x7c
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works -  opamp JRC4565(u?)  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) 
|-
| CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4565-1056W (u1)  stac9708t(u2)  [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3)  24wc012 (u4) 
|-
| CT4751 (SB128PCI) 
| 0x1274
| 0x8001
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) 
|-
| CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V
| 0x1274 
| 0x1371 
| 0x06
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4812 (Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4813 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4815 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). 
|-
| CT5801 HP 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5803 Gateway 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works  4565-0005b jrc (u1)    4297a-jq ztae0c0002  (u2)    es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT4740
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 
|-
| CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7  
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5806  (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?)  ZTAPWC9933 (u2)   es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1373 (u?) 
|-
| CT5808
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938
| 0x1102
| 0x8938
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT5880 on various motherboards 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5880 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, 
|-
| VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x02
| {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;pre&gt;
Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A  
Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B  

Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A  
Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C  
Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D  
Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E  

Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B  
Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A  
Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8  
&lt;/pre&gt;


====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio====

*2021 5.10 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686B KT133A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x50
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM333 KT333 with VT8235 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x30
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x40 0x50 0x60 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy====

*2021 6.5

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1)
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested (1st Gen)
|-
| Live CT4620 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested             
|-
| Live CT4760 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| playback works
|-
| Live Value CT4670 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| works plays stereo (2nd Gen)
|-
| Live Value DELL CT4780 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x06
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode
|-
| Live Value Compaq CT4830 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| not working 
|-
| Live Value CT4831 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{partial|Line-In only}}
| works
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x08
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works
|-
| Live Value HP CT4870 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| Works
|-
| Live Value Gateway CT4871 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen)
|-
| Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Live 5.1 Player SB0220 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1
|-
| Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| working 
|-
| Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2)
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Audigy SB0230 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1102
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0004
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x03
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Mic only}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested)
|-
| Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx
| 0x1102 
| 0x0006 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| 
|-
| Live 24bit SB0410 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Live 24bit DELL SB0413 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy LS SB0310 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570
| 0x1102
| 0x0007
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO)
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 PRO SB0380
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 
| 0x1102 
| 0x000
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver but linux support needs firmware 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out 
the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 


====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media====

*2021 5.20 

;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Audiotrak MAYA EX5 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| cmi8738-sx 4ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested
|-
| e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EDio SC3000D 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{no}}
| 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec 5.1 PCI 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| Has SPDIF
|-
| Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| XSonic CMI 8738 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision 
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x13f6
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0111
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Chinese based card with playback tested so far 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2001-2005 ac97.audio====

*6.4 27-12-2008 


The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns 

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 

The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC200 and ALC201 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC201A and ALC202  and ALC202A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC650 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC850 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Acorp 7NFU400 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8080
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x24c5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881 SoundMAX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Analog Devices first AC97 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1885 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1886 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1887 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ADI AD1888 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 1.51
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1981A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM X30 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1985 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1986 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM T23
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x103c
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3085 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI 6501 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9738
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9739
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI 9739A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;STAC9708T codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VIA VT1612, VT82C686
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1968
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1978
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1988
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x12
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ymf-753 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451
| 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) 
| 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX)
| 0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| no support - introduced early 2000s
|-
| SIS 7012 
| 0x1039
| 0x7012
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM9717 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Parallels 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| VirtualBox
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working
|-
| VirtualPC
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel 82801AA Proxmox 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio====

*6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] 
*6.35 202  [] 
*6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards 
*6.29 2018 
*6.27 2017 update
*6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x 
*6.20 July 2012 
*6.17 Nov 2011 
*6.15 Jun 2011
*[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=109 6.13] Sep 2010


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC260 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC262 
* ALC262-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC268 codec
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. 
|-
| [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] 
* ALC269Q-GR
* ALC269QSRS-GR
* ALC269W-GR 
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 &amp; co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] 
|-
| [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] 
* ALC269Q-VB5-GR 
* ALC269Q-VB6-CG 
* ALC269Q-VB6-GR 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, 
* v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13
* v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 
|-
| [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202]
* ALC269Q-VC2-GR
* ALC269Q-VC3-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100203, 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;SMT SMD QFN-48 - 
* v1 unknown
* v2 unknown
* v3 x230, dell wyse, 
|-
| ALC272 
* ALC272-VA4-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0272
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC273 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC270 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC282 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;needs retest 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC660 ALC660-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* works asus F9s, F9e 
* untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC661-GR (2011) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC662 
| 0x1043
| 0x82a1
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}}
| 
* works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663]  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0861
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.13}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance 
* not working Asus n50vn x71vn, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC665 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC666 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC667
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC668 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC880 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;some 915 and 925 chipset mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC882M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some early versions work }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), 
|-
| Codec ALC885 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0885
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888s
* ALC888S-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC888b
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo),  
|-
| ALC888-VD
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested 
|-
| ALC889A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 Gr
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} with crackles 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Tested with MSI H55 board 
|-
| ALC887 ALC887-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 
|-
| ALC887-VD-CG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 
| 
|-
| ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887 0x1458
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} index = 2 
| ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead 
* working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), 
* not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, 
|-
| ALC887-VD2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 3jacks 
|-
| ALC887-VD2-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC887-
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC892-CG rev
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - 
|-
| ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 2009 introduced 
* works 
* not working 
* untested 
|-
| ALC892 rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0892
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2014 
|-
| Realtek ALC886-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD 
| 0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0663
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
* not working Toshiba Tecra A7 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC898 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3232 (aka ALC292) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0292
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3234 aka ALC255 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0255 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;003
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3287 aka ALC257
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1882 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1883 HD Codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1884 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| IBM Thinkpad T60, 
|-
| AD1984 hp-m4 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, 
|-
| AD1986 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| AD1988
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1988A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4207
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4208 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|very very very low volume}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549-12Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested HP 530 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20561 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working lenovo x200s
* untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20582 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20585 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20672 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20671 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20751-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11852 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11880 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Silicon Labs 3054 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VIA 1708A
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested, 
|-
| VIA VT1708B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| 0x0010
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|VIA PicoITX}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| VIA 1708S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}  
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VT2021 10ch
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Creative CA0110-IBG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), 
|-
| IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works HP Compaq mini 110
* untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, 
|-
| IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel D5400XS, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD73C
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD75B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x111d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7608
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required]
* untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD81XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD83XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 92HD89XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM8860 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. 

 Output &lt;- Codec &lt;- Audio Controller (HDA) &lt;-&gt; Computer 

codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a &quot;codec&quot;. Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. 

Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 

 Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. 


Things to try if sound not working 

* try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa 
* make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... 
* even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters 
* it might be internally muted 


&lt;pre&gt;
add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Bifteck &gt; RAM:audio.txt
&lt;/pre&gt;

or 

&lt;pre&gt;
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; RAM:audio.txt
Run ahi prefs
Click test tone button 
Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add &quot;debug=memory&quot; to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. 

or 

* try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line 
* '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file 
* Reboot
* open a shell
* type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi &gt; ram:debug.txt
* open ahi prefs
* select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise 
* press the 'test sound' button
* press ctrl-c in the shell
* post the results to Aros-World


The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. 

HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs 


====Envy24 series ====

A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). 

There are PCI Express versions appearing. 

The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards.

N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. 


=====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Playback
! Recording
! Comments
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| works audio out on   - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001  2001 REV-B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B  or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps 
* be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues 
|-
| M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;M-Audio Delta DiO 2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Terratec EWX24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1412
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1712
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| untested  - AKM  and codec
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWSA88MT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1212M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1616M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Value
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
    Event Electronics EZ8
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Digigram VX442
    Lionstracs
    Mediastation
    Terrasoniq TS 88
    Roland/Edirol DA-2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


=====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ESI Juli@
| 0x3031
| 0x4553
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K 
| 0x3031
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3631
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192
| 0x1412
| 0x3630 0x1724 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1147
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - discontinued 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] 
| 0x153b
| 0x1145
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - semaphore error on rev 3 -  DAC    ADC  
|-
| Terratec Phase 22
| 0x153b
| 0x1150
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| Terratec Phase 28
| 0x153b
| 0x1149 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Playback 
| Recording
| Revision 
| Comments
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1
| 0x4933
| 0x4553
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT
| 0x3132
| 0x4154
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - STAC9460S codec 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Echo Layla 24/96 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3632
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ONKYO SE-150PCI
| 0x160b
| 0x0001
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESI Waveterminal 192x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quartet 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9840 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Not detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVidia HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Graphic GFX Chipsets===

[https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. 

AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets 
* Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, 
* Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, 

The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 


2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench &gt; out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 


3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], 


HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up 

&lt;pre&gt;
HDMI (licensing fee)
1.2 720p res. 
1.3 1080 resolution 
1.4  4K @ 30Hz
2.0  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 
2.2 ultra96 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 

1.4  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
GPMI chinese standard 

2.0

&lt;/pre&gt;


*OpenGL4 must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support. The last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) on [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] and Nvidia RTX might come to AROS) but Intel UHD, Iris Plus or Xe or Arc will not unless a developer wants the challenge - [https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.0.html#mesa-20-0-0-release-notes-2020-02-19 Mesa 20.0.0] implements the OpenGL 4.6 API, but the version reported by glGetString(GL_VERSION) or glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION) / glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION) depends on the particular driver being used and may report a lower version depending on each driver. Mesa 20.0.0 implements the Vulkan 1.2 API, but the version reported by the apiVersion property of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties struct depends on the particular driver being used. 
*OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) 

*OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau on Aros 32bit, 
*OpenGL1 intel gma950 on Aros 32bit and 64bit, 


====vga.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====vesa.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour -  no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]====

DVI output is not supported at the moment. 

If having problems:

* Ensure the latest version is being used. 
* Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test 
* Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon.

If still having problems:

* At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory
* Boot.
* Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck &gt; RAM:debug.txt
* And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;3%&quot; |Rev
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Laptop LCD
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work 
|-
| 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GL 82915GL GMCH 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GV 82915GV GMCH
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| HP DC5100 small form factor 
|-
| 915GM GMA900
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel  gearbox  }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| asus eee pc 900 
|-
| 915GMS 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel   }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) 
| 0x8086
| 0x2772
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, 
|-
| 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27a2
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| Dell D430 
|-
| 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27ae
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No|dvi port}}
| {{Yes| }}
| for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks
* 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, 
|-
| 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945GC 82945GC MCH
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945PM 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, 
|-
| 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|most models}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| 
* 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, 
* 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400,  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GMA 3100 G31 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| GMA 3100 G33 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; G965
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; Q965 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2992
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Only tested with VGA output.
|-
| 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output 
* untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, 
|-
| 960GM X3100 (400 MHz)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| 965M X3100 (400 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Dell D830, 
|-
| 965PM ??
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GL965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GM965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GMA X3500 G35 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42 0x2a43
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x07
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt; {{Yes| VESA}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====[http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)====

 PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS 

*Desktop, more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia on Aros 32bit but on Aros 64bit ...
*Laptop, limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations on 32bit but on 64bit ...) 

Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc

* 202
* 2026-07 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   20.0 Mesa OpenCL
* 2011-10 - DEVS  6.11 Nouveau.hidd  7.4 Gallium.hidd  9.4 Softpipe - LIBS  2.3 Gallium  1.3 GLU  19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x 
* 2011-04 - DEVS  5.31 Nouveau.hidd  7.3 Gallium.hidd  9.3 Softpipe - LIBS  2.2 Gallium  1.1 GLU  18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a


Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ...
 On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) 
 On Aros 64bit 

ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the &quot;`&quot; key and type &quot;Timedemo demo1&quot; in the console 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|-
| NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  
|-
| Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) 9600GT ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA3 (GT215) GT240 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) gt210 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) ION2 || 38,4 || 53,9 || 61,7 || Not Detected || Not Detected || Not Detected 
|-
| NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE0 Kepler GT630 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  || 
|-
| NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV126 (GM206) GTX950 upwards no reclocking || N/A || N/A || N/A || poor || poor || poor
|-
| NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware  || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown  
|-
| HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|very slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt vanta lt (nv06)  1998 /9
| 0x10de
| 0x002c
| 0x15
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| untested Geforce256 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003)
| 0x10DE
| 0x0322 0x
| 0xA1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|  }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 
* not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&amp;page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] 
* working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver 
* Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD 
|-
| Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| Geforce 5100 (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5200 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600SE
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700VE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700LE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 (NV30)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900ZT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5950 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 5xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F3 0x014F 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| use 5.28}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1  needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006)
| 0x
| 0x0221
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2
* not working 
*working
|-
| GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) 
| 0x
| 0x0161
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) 
| 0x
| 0x0162
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 6200 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x0163
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| PCI-E 
|-
| GeForce 6600 LE
| 0x
| 0x00F4 0x0142 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 
| 0x
| 0x00F2 0x0141
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX
|-
| Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F1 0x0140
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  OpenGL tests - 
|-
| Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x)
| 0x
| 0x0043 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 LE 
| 0x
| 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400)
| 0x
| 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800 GS
| 0x
| 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 
| 0x
| 0x0040 0x0F9 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800XT
| 0x
| 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 VE  
| 0x
| 0x0143
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6500 NV44 
| 0x
| 0x0160 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6250 
| 0x
| 0x0169 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 7800 GTX 
| 0x
| 0x0090 0x0091 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel  gearbox  cube  cube2 25}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - 
* not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - 
* Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports 
* Untested 
|-
| GeForce 7800 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0092
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x02E0 0x0391
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 2.1 
* not working 
* working 
|-
| GeForce 7800 SLI  
| 0x
| 0x0095 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GTX  
| 0x
| 0x0290
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GT GTO  
| 0x
| 0x0291
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0292
| 0x0a1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 
|-
| GeForce 7950 GX2  
| 0x10de
| 0x0293 0x0294
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7950 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0295 0x02E4
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x
| 0x02E3
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x02E1 0x0392
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7650 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0390
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0394 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0093 0x00F5 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 
|-
| GeForce 7100 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x016A
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7350 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) 
| 0x10de 
| 0x01D3
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - 
* not working Asus on via chipset (2015), 
* works Asus on intel chipset (2015), 
|-
| Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0395 0x0393
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 7300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DF 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7500 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DD
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7xxx 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0194
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration 
|-
| Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 200w openGL3  openCL - 2x6pin psu 
* not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, 
* works 
|-
| Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, 
* not working 
* working 
* untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;DVI up to 2500 x 1600
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required
* not working 
* untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT (G92)
| 0x10de
| 0x0611 
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]]
|-
| Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0401 0x0402 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8500 GT G86 based chipset 
| 0x10de
| 0x0421
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL tests - max opengl 3.x but 2.1 offered - max res 
* works Gigabyte 8500 GT, 
* not working 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GS 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0606 0x060D 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| GeForce 8600GS 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B  
|-
| GeForce 8300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0423
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007)    GT218 (2009)
* Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. 
* Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0424 0x0422 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works digital part of DVI but nothing from any display port}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output, supporting up to one 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G98 VP3 pci-e 2.0 512MB DDR2 - 
* not working 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007)
* Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. 
| 0x10de
| 0x0404 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output up to 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G86 VP2 128MB - 
* not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, 
|-
| GeForce 8400 SE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0420
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 2.x openCL 
|-
| NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 socket}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - 
|-
| Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA 2d}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0604
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 150w - 65nm technology 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX 
| 0x10de
| 0x0612
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 2x6pin psu - 
* not working xfx on via chipset (2015),  
* works xfx on chipset intel , 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX+ 
| 0x10de
| 0x0613
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* works on a few models 
|-
| Geforce 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0614
| 0x0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 495  gearbox 513  Cube 156  Cube2 120   Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.1  openCL 1.x - case dual slot - 600w 26amp on both 12v rails for 2x6pin psu on gfx card - no fan control - some come with 1x6pin - renamed version of the venerable GeForce 8800 GT - randomly works 
* not working Gainward 512M untested 
* working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) 
|-
| Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0622
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 493  gearbox 675  Cube  Cube2 100  Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - 
* not working  bfg tech ocx, 
* works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i -
|-
| Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0640
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel 480  gearbox 500  Cube  Cube2 64  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.2 - case single slot - 350 Watt/400 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 18 Amp/22 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - 
* not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, 
* works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2,  
|-
| GeForce 9600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x0623
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working  
* works 
|-
| GeForce 9600 GSO 
| 0x
| 0x0610
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - 
|-
| GeForce 9300 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x06E1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9400 GT  (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9xxx   (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro FX 580 G96 chipset 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
NV84 (G84) 	GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, 
NV92 (G92) 	GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX)
GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX)
NV96 (G96) 	GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), 
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA0 (GT200) Tesla GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E1
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or &quot;VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 260
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|Vesa}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - 
|-
| Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009)  
| 0x10de
| 0x0615
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 486  gearbox 508-642  Cube   Cube2 80   Quake3 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - 
* not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - 
* works  PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ca3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;late 2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - All are pcie 2.1 cards and may not work in 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 with 512MB or 1GB - 
* DDR5 -Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT220 (GT216) G220 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a20
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 2.0.3 GeForce GT220 1GB[[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]]
* untested NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, 
|-
| Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b)
| 0x10de
| 0x0a20
| 0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI but not 1x HDMI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - 
* not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - 
* works  - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a65
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 31W OpenGL 3.3  pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - 
* working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - 
* untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, 
* not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia ION2 9400M class (GT218) Tesla 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3), NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - 
*not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 50w OpenGL 3.3  openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; 2 dp 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; GTX 470, GTX 480   GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1  Tessellation - case dual slots - 
|-
| Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 
| 0x10de
| 0x0e22
| 0xa1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel  gearbox  cube 055-111   cube2 50}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVC0 family (Fermi) OpenGL 4.x but  - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR
* works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0e23
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x91 or 0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; nouveau 6.11 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - 
|-
| Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106  
| 0x10de
| 0x0dc4
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel  gearbox  cube   cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI  }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  2010 Hardware OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau at 3.3  - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, 
* GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, 
* works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* OEM 
* GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5
* GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT430 430GT (GF108) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy await new revision of driver
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 590   Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 580, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 5&quot; or &quot;VP5&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160  H.264 decode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 570, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works gigabyte, evga 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, 
* Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit 
* Ti 256bit 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 560 Ti  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 550 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1201
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA  Doom   Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - 
* untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) -  - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 545 and OEM GF116 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT530 OEM 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT520 520GT  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;510, GT 530    
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; ddr 3 - 50w max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT610 Fermi GF119 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 315 300 GF119S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT630 GF108 Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not accelerated 2015 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 
* not working Gigabyte 
* DDR3
* GDDR5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 730 (two versions) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 
* not working Asus 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 4000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 5000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 780    GeForce GTX 780 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 6&quot; or &quot;VP6&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 770 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 740
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 730 Kepler (two versions) f
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 670
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti GK104 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu 
* not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 640
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
* 128bit DDR3
* 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W 
* 128bit GDDR5 75W 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 620 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2000 NVE7 (GK107) Kepler 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 - 50w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K4200 GK104 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 4Gb GDDR5 - 108W 1 6pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K420 1GB DDR3 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 41W - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 750ti, GeForce 900 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;[https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia GTX 750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1381
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 and tested in 2026 with nouveau test 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2200 (GM107) Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 - 68w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K620 Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 50w slim low profile 2gb ddr3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GM based later Maxwells probably little support 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7&quot; or &quot;VP7&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX (1070, 1080)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support up to OpenGL 4.6 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 50w slim low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce gtx 1060, GeForce 1070
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 Pascal 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 family (Pascal)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018  needs gsp firmware and latest nouveau version 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1650ti super 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 old style 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 av1 decoding ampere 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV170 family (Ampere) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}

==== nouveau mobile integrated ====


 If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| GeForce 6100 nForce 405 
| 0x
| 0x03D1 0x0242
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 420 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0241
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 
| 0x
| 0x03D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0240
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0531
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0533
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x053A 0x053B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a
| 0x
| 0x053E
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No| }}
| some support on some chipsets 
|-
| GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73)   
| 0x10de
| 0x07e1
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) 
| 0x
| 0x084F
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce 8100P 
| 0x
| 0x0847
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 780a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 750a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084D
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;works 
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9400 (ION) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x087d
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;If AROS detects GPU chipset, works sometimes 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9700M ()
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce ION 2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works well 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0244
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0247
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0164 0x0167
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0166 0x0168
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Sony Laptop
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 Ultra 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C9
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0144
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0146
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0148
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0149
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D6
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7300 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D7
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D8 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;works 2D and 3d issues though 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x098
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0099
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7950 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0297
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GS 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0298
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0299
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0398
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0399
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6610 XL
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0145
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6700 XL 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0147
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8700M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0409
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0425
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0426
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0427
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0428
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0609
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x060C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0405
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0407
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9650M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0408
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042E
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9100M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0844
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0628
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9700M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062A
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0647
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0648
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0649
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x064B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9200M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600)
Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV84 (G84) Tesla 8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS
Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G
Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290)
GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV96 (G96)  9650M GT, 9700M GT
GeForce G 102M, GT 120
Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M)
NV98 (G98) 	GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS)
GeForce G 100, G 105M
Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450)
Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA3 (GT215) 	GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M
NVA5 (GT216) 	GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315
Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA8 (GT218) Tesla GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 210M, 305M, 310M, Quadro FX 380M, NVS 2100M, 3100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) 	GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G
NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) 	ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAF (MCP89) 	GeForce 320M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC0 (GF100) Fermi GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 5000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC1 (GF108) GeForce GT 415M, 420M, 425M, 435M, 520M, 525M, 540M, 550M, 555M, 630M, 635M, 640M LE, Quadro 1000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC3 (GF106) Fermi GeForce GT 445M, 555M, 630M, 635M), GTX 460M, Quadro 2000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC4 (GF104) GeForce GTX 470M, 485M, Quadro 5000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVCE (GF114) GeForce GTX 570M, 580M, 670M, 675M,  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD7 (GF117) Fermi Geforce GT 620M, 625M, (some) 630M, 710M, 720M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD9 (GF119) Fermi GeForce 410M, GT 520M, 520MX, 610M, Quadro NVS 4200M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE4 (GK104) GeForce GTX 670M, 680M, 775M, 780M, 860M, Quadro K3000M, K3100M, K4000M, K4100M, K5000M, K5100M, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE7 (GK107) GeForce GT640M, 645M, 650M, 710M, 720M, 730M, 740M, 745M, 750M, 755M, GTX 660M, K500M, K1000M, K1100M, K2000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 1650 mobile
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2050 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 4060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====radeon.hidd====

Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1  

3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets

&lt;pre&gt;
2014 SI        AMD HD 7xxx 
2016 GCN3rd    AMD R5E R7E 
2019 GCN5th    AMD Vega 8  
2022 RDNA1     AMD RX5500 desktop only 
2023 RDNA2     AMD 680M 780M 
2024 RDNA3     AMD 880M 890M
2025 RDNA3.5   AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 
2027 RDNA4     AMD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! 2D
! 3D
! Analogue Output
! Digital Output
! Laptop LCD
! Comments
|-
| 7000 (r100)
| 0x1002
| 0x5159 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x5157 
| 0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 8000 8500 (r200) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x514c (8500LE)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| 9000 9100 9250 (r200)
| 0x1002
| 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100)
| 0x0001
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| 9600 9800 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x300 x600 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420])
| 0x
| 0x554d (R430 x800xl)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) 
|-
| x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture 
|-
| HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 
|-
| HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700])
| 0x1002
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 - DDR3 -  GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - 
|-
| HD6900 cayman series 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - 
|-
| HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 openCL  - GDDR5  
|-
| HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - 
|-
| HD6450  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - DDR3 - 
|-
| HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670  
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - 
Radeon HD 8470 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 8350 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 7510 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6550D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6530D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6410D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6370D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6320 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6310 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6290 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6250 	11 	TeraScale 2
|-
| HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7450-HD7670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan 
Radeon HD 7660D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7560D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7540D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7480D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 6930 	11 	TeraScale 3
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands]
*AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT	
*AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde	
*AMD Radeon R9 255	 Cape Verde PRX	
*AMD Radeon HD 7750  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon R7 250E	 Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 8740  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 7730	 Cape Verde LE
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 430, FirePro W2100, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260  260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 Fury Nano 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL  openCL vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro WX 9100, x200 Series and Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 7900/7600 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700/6600/6500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


==== amd radeon mobile integrated ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x00
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 7500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x4c57 (7500)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9000 
| 0x1002
| 0x4966 (9000)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380)
| 0x1002
| 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) 
| 0x1002
| 0x791f
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;X1200 IGP (RS690)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x71c7 (X1650) 
| 0x009e
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 2100
| 0x1002
| 0x796e (2100)
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670)
| 0x1002 
| 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620)
| 0x1002
| 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770)
| 0x1002 
| 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 Maybe better with Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 AMDGPU Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 285 / R9 380  R9 380X  Fury / Fury X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX460 RX560D polaris11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX580 polaris20 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 6000 Navi 2x 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX6000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RNDA 3 navi
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX9070 rx 9060 XT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 rdna4 navi
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 udna (aka rdna5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; GCN 5
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used 


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only 


*Vulkan
*Gallium


Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen.

bare bones basics data flow

 application,&gt;&gt;&gt; api/opengl/vulkan&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, jit compiler, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;memory manger, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;gpu hardware

so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render.

the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance

Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL 

RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. 


==Rough gfx comparison==

&lt;pre&gt;

Group 1

GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 
GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 


Group 2

GeForce RTX 2070
Radeon RX 7600
Quadro RTX 5000
Radeon PRO W6600
GeForce RTX 2060 12GB
Radeon PRO W7500
Quadro GP100
Radeon RX 6800S
GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU
GeForce GTX 1080
GeForce RTX 3060 8GB
Quadro RTX 4000
Radeon Pro W5700
Radeon RX 6600
GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile)
Radeon RX 7700S
Radeon RX 6700S
Radeon RX 6600S
Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile)
GeForce GTX 1070 Ti
GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU
Radeon Pro Vega 64X
Radeon RX 5700
Radeon RX Vega 64
GeForce RTX 2060
GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design


Group 3

Radeon RX 6600M
GeForce GTX 1070
Radeon RX 6650M
GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU
Radeon RX Vega 56
Radeon RX 6700M
GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6800M
GeForce GTX 980 Ti
Radeon R9 Fury
GeForce GTX 980
Quadro M5500
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon RX 580
Radeon RX 5500
Radeon RX 6550M
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 780 Ti
GeForce GTX 970
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon RX 480
Radeon RX 5600M
Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design
Radeon R9 290X / 390X
Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 290
Radeon Pro 5500 XT
Radeon R9 M490 *
GeForce GTX 780 
Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6500
Radeon RX 5300
Intel Arc A770M
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Radeon Pro 580X
Radeon RX 6400
GeForce RTX 2050
Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS
GeForce GTX 980M
Quadro M5000M
Radeon RX 6300
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design
Radeon Pro 570
Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti
Quadro M4000M
Radeon R9 280X  380X 
GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design
GeForce MX570
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon 780M
GeForce GTX 960
GeForce GTX 970M
Quadro M4000M *
GeForce GTX 680


Group 4 

Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
Radeon Pro WX 7100
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 1650
Intel Arc A730M
Radeon HD 7970
Radeon R9 M395X
Radeon R9 M485X
Radeon R9 M480 *
Radeon R9 M295X
Radeon R9 M390X *
FirePro W7170M *
Radeon R9 M395
Radeon R7 370
Radeon RX 5500M
GeForce GTX 590
GeForce GTX 880M
GeForce GTX 950
Radeon R9 270X
GeForce GTX 660 Ti
GeForce GTX 760
GeForce GTX 780M
Quadro K5100M
GeForce GTX 680MX
Radeon HD 7870
GeForce GTX 965M
Quadro M3000M *
GeForce GTX 870M
Radeon R9 M290X
Radeon HD 8970M
Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) 
GeForce GTX 580
Radeon HD 6970
GeForce GTX 1050
GeForce GTX 680M
GeForce GTX 775M
GeForce GTX 1630
FirePro M6100
Radeon HD 7970M
Radeon R9 M390 *
GeForce GTX 750 Ti


Group 5

GeForce GTX 570
GeForce GTX 480
GeForce GTX 960M
Quadro M2000M *
Quadro K5000M
Quadro K4100M
GeForce GTX 770M
GeForce GTX 860M
GeForce GTX 675MX
GeForce GTX 950M
GeForce GTX 850M
Quadro M1000M
Radeon R9 M280X
Radeon HD 7950M *
GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Radeon HD 6870
GeForce GTX 470
GeForce GT 1030
GeForce MX330
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 5800HS 
FirePro 3D V8800
GeForce MX250


Group 6

Radeon Pro WX 3200
Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H
Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U
Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U
Radeon Pro WX 4150
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G
Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE
GeForce GTX 485M
FirePro W6150M
Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M470
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U
Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE
Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U
FirePro V7900
Radeon HD 5970
Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G
Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE
Radeon RX 550X
FirePro V8800
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U
GeForce MX150
Quadro K3100M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R7 250X
Intel HD 5600
Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 460
Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U
Quadro K620
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics
Intel Iris Pro P580
Intel UHD Graphics P630
Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5870
Radeon HD 6870
Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 7770
Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U
GeForce GTX 745
Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile
Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U
Quadro M600M
Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U
Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics


Group 7 

GeForce 945M
Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro M5100
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U
GeForce GTX 580M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M385
Quadro 5000M
Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U
Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics
FirePro V7800
Radeon R9 350
Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G
Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U
GeForce GTX 460 SE
Radeon Pro W5500M
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G
Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GT 645
GeForce GTX 765M
Radeon R9 M385X
Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5850
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G
Intel Iris Pro 580
Radeon HD 6850
Intel Iris Xe MAX
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U
Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core
GeForce GTX 470M
Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 670MX
Radeon RX 640
Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3
Radeon R7 450
GeForce GTX 675M
Radeon Pro WX 4130
Intel Iris Xe MAX 100
Quadro 5000
Radeon RX 570X
Radeon HD 7700-serie
Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 8 


Group 8 
 
GeForce MX230
GeForce GTX 765M
Quadro K4000M
Iris Pro Graphics P580 *
Iris Pro Graphics 580 *
GeForce GTX 645
Quadro M520
GeForce GTX 570M
GeForce MX130
Radeon RX 540
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U
Intel UHD Graphics 770
Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE 
Radeon HD 5850
GeForce GTX 675M
GeForce GTX 580M
Radeon HD 6990M
Radeon R9 M385X *
Radeon R9 M470X *
Radeon R9 M470 *
Radeon R9 M385 *
Radeon R9 M380 *
Radeon R9 M370X
Radeon R9 M275
Radeon HD 7770
GeForce GTX 485M
GeForce GTX 460 768MB
Radeon HD 6790
GeForce GTX 285M SLI
Quadro K3100M
FirePro W5170M *
GeForce GTX 670MX
Quadro 5010M
GeForce GTX 760M
GeForce GTX 670M


Group 9 

GeForce 940MX *
Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5)
FirePro M8900
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R9 M270
Radeon HD 8870M
Radeon HD 7870M
Quadro K3000M
GeForce GTX 570M
FirePro M6000
FirePro M5100
Quadro K2100M
Radeon HD 5770
GeForce GTX 550 Ti
GeForce GTX 280M SLI
Radeon HD 6950M
Radeon R7 250
GeForce GT 755M
GeForce GTX 660M
GeForce 845M
Radeon HD 8850M
Radeon R9 M365X
Radeon R9 M265X
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro W5130M *
Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U 
Radeon HD 7850M
Radeon HD 8790M
FirePro W4170M
FirePro W4190M
FirePro W4100
Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U
Quadro 4000M
GeForce GTX 470M
GeForce GTX 480M
GeForce GT 750M
Iris Pro Graphics 6200
Quadro K1100M
GeForce 940M
Radeon R9 M375
GeForce 930MX *
Radeon R7 M380 *
Radeon R7 M370
Quadro M600M *
GeForce GT 650M
Quadro K620M
GeForce 840M
Radeon R7 M275DX
GeForce GT 745M
Radeon HD 7770M
GeForce GTX 560M
Radeon R7 
Iris Pro Graphics 5200
GeForce GT 740M
GeForce 930M
Radeon HD 4850


Group 10

Iris Graphics 550 *
GeForce 830M
Iris Graphics 540
Quadro M500M *
Quadro K2000M
GeForce GTS 450
GeForce GTX 260M SLI
GeForce GT 735M
Mobility Radeon HD 5870
GeForce 825M
Quadro 5000M
FirePro M4000
FirePro M7820
Radeon HD 6870M
GeForce 9800M GTX SLI
Radeon HD 8830M *
Radeon HD 8770M
Radeon R7 M260X
GeForce GTX 460M
GeForce 920MX *
GeForce GT 730M
Radeon HD 7750M
GeForce GT 645M *
FirePro M4100
Radeon HD 8750M
Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G
Quadro 3000M
Radeon R7 M270
Radeon R7 M265
Quadro FX 3800M
GeForce GTX 285M
Mobility Radeon HD 4870
GeForce GT 640M
Radeon R7 (Kaveri)
Radeon R8 M365DX
Radeon R7 M460 *
Radeon HD 7730M
Radeon R7 M360
GeForce GTX 280M
Radeon HD 8690M
Quadro FX 3700M
Radeon R7 M340
GeForce 920M
Radeon R6 M340DX
HD Graphics 530
HD Graphics P530
Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU
Radeon R7 M260
Radeon R6 


Group 11

Mobility Radeon HD 4860
FirePro M7740
Mobility Radeon HD 4850
GeForce GTX 260M
GeForce 9800M GTX
Quadro FX 2800M
Radeon HD 8670D
Radeon HD 7690M XT
FirePro M5950
GeForce GT 640M LE
Radeon R6 (Kaveri)
Radeon HD 8650M *
Radeon HD 8730M
Radeon HD 6770M
GeForce GT 635M
GeForce GT 555M
Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B
Radeon HD 5670
Mobility Radeon HD 5850
Radeon HD 6850M
Quadro 2000M
GeForce 9800M GT
GeForce 8800M GTX
Quadro FX 3600M
GeForce GT 445M
GeForce GTS 360M


Group 12

GeForce GT 240
Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700
Radeon HD 7690M
HD Graphics 5600
Radeon HD 8570D
Radeon HD 8670M
Radeon R6 M255DX
Radeon HD 7660D
Radeon HD 6750M
Quadro K1000M
GeForce GT 550M
Radeon HD 8590M *
GeForce GTS 260M
GeForce GTS 160M
GeForce 9800M GTS
GeForce GT 430
Radeon HD 6830M
Mobility Radeon HD 5830
Radeon HD 6730M *
GeForce 9800M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 4830
Mobility Radeon HD 5770
Radeon HD 6570M
Radeon HD 8650G
Radeon HD 7670M
GeForce GT 630M
Radeon HD 7560D
GeForce GTS 150M *
Radeon R5 M335
Radeon R5 M430 *
Radeon R5 M330
Radeon R5 M255
Radeon Vega 3
Quadro 1000M
GeForce 820M
FirePro W2100
HD Graphics 520 620 
Iris Graphics 6100


GeForce GT 720M
GeForce 8800M GTS
Radeon R5 M240
Radeon R5 M320 *
Radeon R5 M230
Radeon R5 M315 *
Mobility Radeon HD 5750 *
Radeon HD 8570M
Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B
HD Graphics 6000
Quadro K610M
Radeon HD 8550M
Iris Graphics 5100
GeForce GT 540M
Mali-T880 MP12 *
Radeon HD 8610G *
Radeon HD 6650M
HD Graphics 4600
Mobility Radeon HD 5730
HD Graphics 5500
Radeon R5 (Carrizo) *
Radeon R5 (Kaveri)
FirePro M5800
NVS 5400M
GeForce 710M
Radeon HD 7660G
GeForce GT 435M
HD Graphics 5000


Quadro K510M *
Radeon HD 5570
Radeon HD 6550M
Radeon HD 7590M *
GeForce GTS 350M
GeForce GTS 250M
Radeon HD 6630M
Radeon HD 7650M
FirePro M2000
Radeon HD 7570M
Radeon HD 7630M
Quadro FX 1800M
Mobility Radeon HD 5650
Radeon HD 8510G *
Radeon HD 6530M
Radeon HD 8550G
Quadro K500M *
GeForce GT 625M *
GeForce GT 620M
GeForce GT 525M
Radeon HD 6550D *
Radeon HD 7610M
Radeon HD 7620G
Radeon HD 8470D
Radeon HD 7640G
Adreno 530
GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU)
HD Graphics 4400
HD Graphics 510 515 *


NVS 5200M
Mobility Radeon HD 565v
Radeon HD 7550M
Mobility Radeon HD 4670
GeForce GT 425M
GeForce 9700M GTS
Radeon HD 6645G2 *
Quadro FX 2700M
GeForce GT 335M
Radeon HD 7600G
Mobility Radeon HD 3870
Mobility Radeon HD 4650
GeForce GT 220
GeForce GT 420M
Radeon HD 7530M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3850
GeForce GT 330M
Quadro FX 880M
Quadro NVS 5100M
GeForce GT 240M
Radeon HD 7490M *
HD Graphics 5300
Radeon HD 7510M *
GeForce Go 7950 GTX
Quadro FX 3500M
GeForce 8700M GT SLI
GeForce 9700M GT
GeForce GT 230M
Mobility Radeon HD 550v
Radeon HD 7480D
HD Graphics 4000
Mali-T760 MP8
Radeon HD 6620G
HD Graphics (Broadwell) *
Adreno 430
Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L)
Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri)
HD Graphics (Skylake) *


Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5
Radeon HD 7500G
Radeon HD 8450G
Radeon HD 7470M
Radeon HD 6490M
Radeon HD 8400
Mali-T880 MP4
GeForce GT 520MX
Radeon HD 7520G
GeForce GT 325M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI
GeForce 8600M GT SLI
GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI
GeForce GT 130M
NVS 4200M
GeForce Go 7900 GTX
Quadro FX 2500M
Radeon HD 8350G
Radeon HD 8330
GeForce 9650M GS
GeForce 9650M GT
Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema)
GeForce 8700M GT
Quadro FX 1700M
Quadro FX 1600M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX
GeForce Go 7900 GS
Quadro NVS 320M
Quadro FX 1500M
GeForce 9600M GT
GeForce GT 220M
Quadro FX 770M
GeForce GT 120M
Radeon HD 7450M
GeForce 610M
GeForce 705M
Mali-T760 MP6
Radeon HD 6470M
FirePro M3900 *
GeForce GT 520M
Radeon HD 7420G
Mobility Radeon HD 3670
Mobility FireGL V5725
PowerVR GX6450
Adreno 420
HD Graphics (Haswell)


Radeon HD 6520G
Radeon HD 8310G *
GeForce 320M
GeForce GT 320M
Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT
Mobility Radeon X1900
Mobility Radeon X1800XT
Mobility Radeon X1800
GeForce Go 6800 Ultra
GeForce Go 7800
GeForce 9600M GS
GeForce 9500M GS
Radeon HD 7400G
Radeon HD 6480G *
Mobility Radeon HD 2700
GeForce GT 415M
GeForce 410M
Radeon HD 7370M
Adreno 418
HD Graphics (Cherry Trail)
Radeon HD 6370M
Radeon HD 8280
Mobility Radeon HD 5470
Radeon HD 6450M
Radeon HD 7430M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3650
Mobility FireGL V5700
Mobility Radeon HD 5145
Mobility Radeon HD 545v
Radeon R6 (Mullins) *
Radeon HD 8240
Radeon HD 8250
Mobility Radeon HD 4570
Quadro FX 570M
Mobility Radeon HD 5450 *
Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) *
GeForce 8600M GT
Mobility Radeon HD 2600
HD Graphics 3000
Quadro FX 380M
GeForce 310M
GeForce G210M
NVS 3100M
GeForce 405M
GeForce 315M
GeForce Go 7600 GT
GeForce 9500M G
GeForce 8600M GS
NVS 2100M
GeForce Go 7700
GeForce Go 6800
Quadro FX Go 1400
Mobility Radeon X800XT
Radeon HD 6430M *
Radeon HD 6380G *
Mobility Radeon HD 5430
Radeon HD 8210
Mobility Radeon HD 540v
Mobility Radeon HD 4550
HD Graphics 2500
HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge)


Quadro NVS 310 
Radeon HD 7350M *
Radeon HD 6350M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4530
Mobility Radeon HD 4350
Radeon HD 4350
GeForce 305M
Mobility Radeon X1700
Mobility FireGL V5250
Mobility Radeon X2500
GeForce Go 7600
Quadro NVS 300M
Mobility Radeon X800
Mobility Radeon X1600
Mobility FireGL V5200
Mobility Radeon 9800
GeForce Go 6600
Mobility Radeon X1450
Mobility Radeon X700
Mobility FireGL V5000
GeForce G 110M
Quadro NVS 295 
Radeon HD 6330M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4330
GeForce 8400M GT
Quadro NVS 140M
HD Graphics 2000
GeForce 9500M GE *
GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE)
HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) *


Adreno 330
PowerVR G6430
PowerVR GX6250
PowerVR G6400
HD Graphics (Bay Trail)
Mali-T628 MP6
Mali-T760 MP4
Chrome9HD *
Radeon HD 7340
Radeon HD 6320 *
Radeon HD 7310
Radeon HD 6310 *
Radeon HD 8180
Mobility Radeon HD 3470
GeForce 9300M G
ION 2 *
GeForce 9300M GS
Quadro FX 370M
Quadro NVS 160M
GeForce 9200M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Mobility Radeon HD 3430
Mobility Radeon HD 3410
Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT
Radeon HD 4270
Radeon HD 4250
Radeon HD 7290 *
Radeon HD 6290 *
Radeon HD 4200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics
Radeon HD 6250


Quadro NVS 150M
Quadro FX 360M
Mobility Radeon X1350
Mobility Radeon X1400
GeForce 9100M G
GeForce 8400M GS
Quadro NVS 135M
Mobility Radeon HD 2400
Radeon HD 3200
Radeon HD 4225 *
Radeon HD 4100 *
SGX554MP4
Mali-T628 MP4
Mobility Radeon HD 3400 *
Radeon HD 3100
GeForce 8400M G
Mali-T860 MP2
Quadro NVS 130M
GeForce 8200M G
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M
Mali-T604 MP4
GeForce Go 7400
Quadro FX 350M
Quadro NVS 120M
GeForce Go 7300
GeForce Tegra 4 *
PowerVR G6200
Adreno 405 *
Quadro NVS 110M
Mobility Radeon X600
Mobility FireGL V3200
Mobility FireGL V3100
Mobility Radeon HD X2300
Mobility Radeon 9700


Mobility FireGL T2e
Mobility Radeon X1300
GeForce4 4200 Go
Mobility Radeon 9600
Mobility FireGL T2
Mobility Radeon 9550
GeForce Go 7200
GeForce Go 6400
Mobility Radeon X300
GeForce Go 6250
GeForce Go 6200
GeForce FX Go 5700
Quadro FX Go 1000
GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650
Radeon Xpress X1270
Radeon Xpress X1250
Radeon Xpress X1200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100
Mali-T624
Adreno 320 *
Mali-T760 MP2
Mali-T720 MP4
Mali-450 MP4
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 *
GeForce 7190M *
GeForce 7150M
Radeon Xpress 1150
GeForce Go 6150
GeForce Go 6100
GeForce 7000M
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 *
Mobility Radeon 9200
Mobility FireGL 9000
GeForce FX Go 5200
Mobility Radeon 9000
GeForce 4 488 Go
GeForce 4 460 Go
GeForce 4 440 Go
GeForce 4 420 Go
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 
SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 *
Mali-T720 MP2
Mali-T720
Adreno 302 304 305 306
Mobility Radeon 7500
Mobility FireGL 7800
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 


Radeon Xpress 200M
Radeon Xpress 1100
Mirage 3+ 672MX
Mirage 3 671MX
Mali-400 MP4 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) *
VideoCore-IV *
Adreno 220 225*
Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core
Mali-400 MP2 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 *
SGX540 *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500
Adreno 205 *
Adreno 203 *
GC800 *
SGX535
SGX531
SGX530
Adreno 200 *
Mali-200 *
GeForce 3 Go *
GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100
Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP
Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP
Mobility Radeon M7
Mobility Radeon M6
Chrome9 HC
Extreme Graphics 2
Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP
Radeon IGP 340M
Radeon IGP 320M
S3G UniChrome Pro II
S3G UniChrome Pro
Castle Rock
Mirage 2 M760
Mirage M661FX
S3 Graphics ProSavage8
Mobility 128 M3
SM502 *
&lt;/pre&gt;


Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need...

DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a &quot;vendor-neutral&quot; portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. 

&quot;let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!&quot; - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. 

There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). 

Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. 

Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA &amp; AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD &amp; Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. 


So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like:

* AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (radeonsi)  
* AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (r600g) -&gt; games/apps/etc.
* NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (nouveau) -&gt; games/apps.
* Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (i945) -&gt; games/apps.


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=30%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Fudomi GC888A
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 100in throw projector 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vamvo VF320 (720P) 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Happrun H1 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 100in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Zentality A10 Plus 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 110in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nexigo nova mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nebula mars 3 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;dangbei freedo 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;benq gv50 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. 
AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. 


Bluetooth is similarly unlikely to be ever supported due to huge cost to be certified. 


No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed.</text>
      <sha1>3jaz6xw8ls4lfws39jqa3j7ic19ii5r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641750</id>
      <parentid>4641749</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T20:46:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641750</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="228387" sha1="kjvg9bayceq3xz7q0nnob3gsq8nfumh" xml:space="preserve">Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], 

{{ArosNav}}


[[#Audio Chipsets]]

[[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]]

[[#Rough gfx comparison]]

[[#]]


==x86 Native Environment==


AROS should run on almost any i386 PC hardware so long as the CPU is newer than an i486, and has a &quot;Floating Point Unit (FPU)&quot;. Ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. 


Motherboards supported 
* Most Intel mobos are supported (Skt 775 is ok but newer is better) - additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc 
* AMD based socket 939 am2 am2+ am3+, fusion and am4 ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed 


Supported graphics cards (gfx) 
* Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2017. 
64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs and higher to GTX 900s and '''3D''' from . 
32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT through to fermi gtx5xx and  '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx. 
* Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009. 
'''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards 
* AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2005. 
Desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600. Experimental 2D version for up to HD3xxx came later 
* VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. 

 It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. 


Sound wise there are 

* HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) 
* some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) 


* PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards 
* PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] 
* PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards 
* PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 


Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc 
* PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 
* PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100
* PCI intel pro100
* Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 
* VIA 10/100 
* 3com Etherlink 10/100 
* Realtek rtl8029 10mbit 


Wireless wifi 
* atheros 5000 wireless 
*realtek 8187 usb 


It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. 

* mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot
* micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. 
* full atx will have more slots available 

'''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. 

Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. 


The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World]


: Brief Timeline

: 2000-12-06 HIDD  first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz])
: 2001-03-31 BOOT  first boot from floppy disk with IDE device 
: 2001-10-30 BOOT  first cd bootable version
: 2002-01-27 HIDD  first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz)
: 2002-04-13 BOOT  software HDToolBox added ()
: 2003-04-03 HIDD  vesa2.hidd graphic modes added ()
: 2004-03-08 HIDD  new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz)
: 2004-03-17 HIDD  nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-01-05 AHI   AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom)
: 2005-01-06 AHI   SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger)
: 2005-02-04 AHI   AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) 
: 2005-06-27 NIC   amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2005-08-25 NIC   nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-12-24 NIC   Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2006-03-25 HIDD  ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz)
: 2007-03-06 HIDD  vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) 
: 2007-03-08 HIDD  dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) 
: 2007-03-21 HIDD  usb initial commit (Michal Schulz)


: 2007-10-01 BOOT  Installer added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2007-11-29 PORT  64bit x86 added  (Michal Schulz) 
: 2008-04-12 BOOT  GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews)
: 2008-08-26 NIC   RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) 
: 2008-10-22 PORT  to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz)
: 2009-02-25 PORT  to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) 
: 2009-05-18 HIDD  poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) 
: 2009-11-18 NIC   RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet])
: 2009-12-23 AHI   HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler)
: 2010-03-09 BOOT  USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2010-05-26 HIDD  Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz)
: 2010-09-03 NIC   Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2011-04-30 HIDD  Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support (Deadwood) 
: 2011-08-30 HIDD  Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft)
: 2011-09-17 NIC   Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2011-12-09 HIDD  Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) 


: 2013-02-25 AHI   AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2013-03-31 PORT  early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) 
: 2014-01-16 AHI   Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2017-02-17 PORT  Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz)
: 2018-10-20 PORT  Big Endian ARM 
: 2021-11-26 NIC   Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2023-01-12 NIC   Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2025-11    HIDD  xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews)


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Audio Chipsets===

'''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' 


====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI====

*2021 5.27 

as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. 

The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). 

Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
|
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1370 (u?)   AK4531 (u?)
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
| 0x00
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
|
|-
| CT4700  Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5000
| 0x7c
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works -  opamp JRC4565(u?)  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) 
|-
| CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4565-1056W (u1)  stac9708t(u2)  [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3)  24wc012 (u4) 
|-
| CT4751 (SB128PCI) 
| 0x1274
| 0x8001
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) 
|-
| CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V
| 0x1274 
| 0x1371 
| 0x06
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4812 (Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4813 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4815 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). 
|-
| CT5801 HP 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5803 Gateway 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works  4565-0005b jrc (u1)    4297a-jq ztae0c0002  (u2)    es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT4740
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 
|-
| CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7  
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5806  (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?)  ZTAPWC9933 (u2)   es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1373 (u?) 
|-
| CT5808
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938
| 0x1102
| 0x8938
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT5880 on various motherboards 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5880 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, 
|-
| VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x02
| {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;pre&gt;
Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A  
Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B  

Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A  
Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C  
Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D  
Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E  

Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B  
Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A  
Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8  
&lt;/pre&gt;


====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio====

*2021 5.10 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686B KT133A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x50
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM333 KT333 with VT8235 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x30
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x40 0x50 0x60 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy====

*2021 6.5

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1)
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested (1st Gen)
|-
| Live CT4620 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested             
|-
| Live CT4760 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| playback works
|-
| Live Value CT4670 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| works plays stereo (2nd Gen)
|-
| Live Value DELL CT4780 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x06
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode
|-
| Live Value Compaq CT4830 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| not working 
|-
| Live Value CT4831 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{partial|Line-In only}}
| works
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x08
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works
|-
| Live Value HP CT4870 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| Works
|-
| Live Value Gateway CT4871 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen)
|-
| Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Live 5.1 Player SB0220 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1
|-
| Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| working 
|-
| Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2)
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Audigy SB0230 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1102
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0004
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x03
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Mic only}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested)
|-
| Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx
| 0x1102 
| 0x0006 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| 
|-
| Live 24bit SB0410 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Live 24bit DELL SB0413 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy LS SB0310 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570
| 0x1102
| 0x0007
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO)
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 PRO SB0380
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 
| 0x1102 
| 0x000
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver but linux support needs firmware 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out 
the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 


====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media====

*2021 5.20 

;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Audiotrak MAYA EX5 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| cmi8738-sx 4ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested
|-
| e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EDio SC3000D 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{no}}
| 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec 5.1 PCI 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| Has SPDIF
|-
| Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| XSonic CMI 8738 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision 
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x13f6
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0111
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Chinese based card with playback tested so far 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2001-2005 ac97.audio====

*6.4 27-12-2008 


The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns 

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 

The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC200 and ALC201 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC201A and ALC202  and ALC202A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC650 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC850 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Acorp 7NFU400 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8080
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x24c5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881 SoundMAX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Analog Devices first AC97 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1885 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1886 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1887 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ADI AD1888 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 1.51
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1981A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM X30 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1985 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1986 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM T23
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x103c
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3085 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI 6501 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9738
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9739
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI 9739A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;STAC9708T codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VIA VT1612, VT82C686
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1968
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1978
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1988
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x12
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ymf-753 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451
| 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) 
| 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX)
| 0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| no support - introduced early 2000s
|-
| SIS 7012 
| 0x1039
| 0x7012
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM9717 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Parallels 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| VirtualBox
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working
|-
| VirtualPC
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel 82801AA Proxmox 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio====

*6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] 
*6.35 202  [] 
*6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards 
*6.29 2018 
*6.27 2017 update
*6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x 
*6.20 July 2012 
*6.17 Nov 2011 
*6.15 Jun 2011
*[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=109 6.13] Sep 2010


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC260 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC262 
* ALC262-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC268 codec
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. 
|-
| [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] 
* ALC269Q-GR
* ALC269QSRS-GR
* ALC269W-GR 
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 &amp; co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] 
|-
| [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] 
* ALC269Q-VB5-GR 
* ALC269Q-VB6-CG 
* ALC269Q-VB6-GR 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, 
* v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13
* v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 
|-
| [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202]
* ALC269Q-VC2-GR
* ALC269Q-VC3-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100203, 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;SMT SMD QFN-48 - 
* v1 unknown
* v2 unknown
* v3 x230, dell wyse, 
|-
| ALC272 
* ALC272-VA4-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0272
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC273 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC270 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC282 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;needs retest 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC660 ALC660-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* works asus F9s, F9e 
* untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC661-GR (2011) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC662 
| 0x1043
| 0x82a1
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}}
| 
* works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663]  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0861
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.13}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance 
* not working Asus n50vn x71vn, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC665 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC666 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC667
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC668 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC880 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;some 915 and 925 chipset mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC882M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some early versions work }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), 
|-
| Codec ALC885 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0885
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888s
* ALC888S-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC888b
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo),  
|-
| ALC888-VD
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested 
|-
| ALC889A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 Gr
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} with crackles 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Tested with MSI H55 board 
|-
| ALC887 ALC887-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 
|-
| ALC887-VD-CG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 
| 
|-
| ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887 0x1458
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} index = 2 
| ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead 
* working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), 
* not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, 
|-
| ALC887-VD2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 3jacks 
|-
| ALC887-VD2-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC887-
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC892-CG rev
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - 
|-
| ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 2009 introduced 
* works 
* not working 
* untested 
|-
| ALC892 rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0892
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2014 
|-
| Realtek ALC886-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD 
| 0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0663
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
* not working Toshiba Tecra A7 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC898 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3232 (aka ALC292) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0292
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3234 aka ALC255 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0255 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;003
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3287 aka ALC257
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1882 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1883 HD Codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1884 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| IBM Thinkpad T60, 
|-
| AD1984 hp-m4 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, 
|-
| AD1986 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| AD1988
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1988A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4207
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4208 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|very very very low volume}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549-12Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested HP 530 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20561 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working lenovo x200s
* untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20582 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20585 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20672 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20671 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20751-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11852 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11880 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Silicon Labs 3054 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VIA 1708A
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested, 
|-
| VIA VT1708B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| 0x0010
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|VIA PicoITX}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| VIA 1708S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}  
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VT2021 10ch
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Creative CA0110-IBG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), 
|-
| IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works HP Compaq mini 110
* untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, 
|-
| IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel D5400XS, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD73C
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD75B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x111d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7608
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required]
* untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD81XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD83XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 92HD89XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM8860 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. 

 Output &lt;- Codec &lt;- Audio Controller (HDA) &lt;-&gt; Computer 

codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a &quot;codec&quot;. Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. 

Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 

 Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. 


Things to try if sound not working 

* try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa 
* make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... 
* even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters 
* it might be internally muted 


&lt;pre&gt;
add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Bifteck &gt; RAM:audio.txt
&lt;/pre&gt;

or 

&lt;pre&gt;
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; RAM:audio.txt
Run ahi prefs
Click test tone button 
Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add &quot;debug=memory&quot; to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. 

or 

* try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line 
* '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file 
* Reboot
* open a shell
* type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi &gt; ram:debug.txt
* open ahi prefs
* select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise 
* press the 'test sound' button
* press ctrl-c in the shell
* post the results to Aros-World


The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. 

HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs 


====Envy24 series ====

A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). 

There are PCI Express versions appearing. 

The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards.

N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. 


=====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Playback
! Recording
! Comments
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| works audio out on   - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001  2001 REV-B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B  or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps 
* be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues 
|-
| M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;M-Audio Delta DiO 2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Terratec EWX24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1412
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1712
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| untested  - AKM  and codec
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWSA88MT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1212M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1616M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Value
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
    Event Electronics EZ8
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Digigram VX442
    Lionstracs
    Mediastation
    Terrasoniq TS 88
    Roland/Edirol DA-2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


=====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ESI Juli@
| 0x3031
| 0x4553
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K 
| 0x3031
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3631
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192
| 0x1412
| 0x3630 0x1724 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1147
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - discontinued 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] 
| 0x153b
| 0x1145
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - semaphore error on rev 3 -  DAC    ADC  
|-
| Terratec Phase 22
| 0x153b
| 0x1150
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| Terratec Phase 28
| 0x153b
| 0x1149 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Playback 
| Recording
| Revision 
| Comments
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1
| 0x4933
| 0x4553
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT
| 0x3132
| 0x4154
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - STAC9460S codec 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Echo Layla 24/96 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3632
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ONKYO SE-150PCI
| 0x160b
| 0x0001
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESI Waveterminal 192x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quartet 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9840 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Not detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVidia HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Graphic GFX Chipsets===

[https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. 

AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets 
* Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, 
* Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, 

The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 


2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench &gt; out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 


3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], 


HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up 

&lt;pre&gt;
HDMI (licensing fee)
1.2 720p res. 
1.3 1080 resolution 
1.4  4K @ 30Hz
2.0  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 
2.2 ultra96 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 

1.4  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
GPMI chinese standard 

2.0

&lt;/pre&gt;


*OpenGL4 must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support. The last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) on [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] and Nvidia RTX might come to AROS) but Intel UHD, Iris Plus or Xe or Arc will not unless a developer wants the challenge - [https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.0.html#mesa-20-0-0-release-notes-2020-02-19 Mesa 20.0.0] implements the OpenGL 4.6 API, but the version reported by glGetString(GL_VERSION) or glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION) / glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION) depends on the particular driver being used and may report a lower version depending on each driver. Mesa 20.0.0 implements the Vulkan 1.2 API, but the version reported by the apiVersion property of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties struct depends on the particular driver being used. 
*OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) 

*OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau on Aros 32bit, 
*OpenGL1 intel gma950 on Aros 32bit and 64bit, 


====vga.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====vesa.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour -  no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]====

DVI output is not supported at the moment. 

If having problems:

* Ensure the latest version is being used. 
* Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test 
* Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon.

If still having problems:

* At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory
* Boot.
* Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck &gt; RAM:debug.txt
* And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;3%&quot; |Rev
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Laptop LCD
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work 
|-
| 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GL 82915GL GMCH 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GV 82915GV GMCH
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| HP DC5100 small form factor 
|-
| 915GM GMA900
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel  gearbox  }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| asus eee pc 900 
|-
| 915GMS 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel   }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) 
| 0x8086
| 0x2772
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, 
|-
| 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27a2
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| Dell D430 
|-
| 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27ae
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No|dvi port}}
| {{Yes| }}
| for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks
* 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, 
|-
| 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945GC 82945GC MCH
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945PM 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, 
|-
| 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|most models}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| 
* 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, 
* 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400,  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GMA 3100 G31 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| GMA 3100 G33 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; G965
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; Q965 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2992
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Only tested with VGA output.
|-
| 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output 
* untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, 
|-
| 960GM X3100 (400 MHz)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| 965M X3100 (400 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Dell D830, 
|-
| 965PM ??
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GL965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GM965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GMA X3500 G35 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42 0x2a43
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x07
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt; {{Yes| VESA}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====[http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)====

 PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS 

*Desktop, more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia on Aros 32bit but on Aros 64bit ...
*Laptop, limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations on 32bit but on 64bit ...) 

Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc

* 202
* 2026-07 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   20.0 Mesa OpenCL
* 2011-10 - DEVS  6.11 Nouveau.hidd  7.4 Gallium.hidd  9.4 Softpipe - LIBS  2.3 Gallium  1.3 GLU  19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x 
* 2011-04 - DEVS  5.31 Nouveau.hidd  7.3 Gallium.hidd  9.3 Softpipe - LIBS  2.2 Gallium  1.1 GLU  18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a


Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ...
 On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) 
 On Aros 64bit 

ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the &quot;`&quot; key and type &quot;Timedemo demo1&quot; in the console 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|-
| NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  
|-
| Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) 9600GT ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA3 (GT215) GT240 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) gt210 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) ION2 || 38,4 || 53,9 || 61,7 || Not Detected || Not Detected || Not Detected 
|-
| NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE0 Kepler GT630 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  || 
|-
| NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV126 (GM206) GTX950 upwards no reclocking || N/A || N/A || N/A || poor || poor || poor
|-
| NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware  || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown  
|-
| HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|very slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt vanta lt (nv06)  1998 /9
| 0x10de
| 0x002c
| 0x15
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| untested Geforce256 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003)
| 0x10DE
| 0x0322 0x
| 0xA1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|  }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 
* not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&amp;page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] 
* working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver 
* Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD 
|-
| Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| Geforce 5100 (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5200 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600SE
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700VE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700LE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 (NV30)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900ZT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5950 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 5xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F3 0x014F 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| use 5.28}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1  needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006)
| 0x
| 0x0221
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2
* not working 
*working
|-
| GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) 
| 0x
| 0x0161
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) 
| 0x
| 0x0162
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 6200 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x0163
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| PCI-E 
|-
| GeForce 6600 LE
| 0x
| 0x00F4 0x0142 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 
| 0x
| 0x00F2 0x0141
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX
|-
| Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F1 0x0140
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  OpenGL tests - 
|-
| Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x)
| 0x
| 0x0043 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 LE 
| 0x
| 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400)
| 0x
| 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800 GS
| 0x
| 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 
| 0x
| 0x0040 0x0F9 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800XT
| 0x
| 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 VE  
| 0x
| 0x0143
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6500 NV44 
| 0x
| 0x0160 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6250 
| 0x
| 0x0169 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 7800 GTX 
| 0x
| 0x0090 0x0091 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel  gearbox  cube  cube2 25}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - 
* not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - 
* Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports 
* Untested 
|-
| GeForce 7800 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0092
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x02E0 0x0391
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 2.1 
* not working 
* working 
|-
| GeForce 7800 SLI  
| 0x
| 0x0095 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GTX  
| 0x
| 0x0290
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GT GTO  
| 0x
| 0x0291
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0292
| 0x0a1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 
|-
| GeForce 7950 GX2  
| 0x10de
| 0x0293 0x0294
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7950 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0295 0x02E4
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x
| 0x02E3
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x02E1 0x0392
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7650 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0390
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0394 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0093 0x00F5 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 
|-
| GeForce 7100 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x016A
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7350 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) 
| 0x10de 
| 0x01D3
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - 
* not working Asus on via chipset (2015), 
* works Asus on intel chipset (2015), 
|-
| Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0395 0x0393
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 7300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DF 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7500 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DD
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7xxx 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0194
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration 
|-
| Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 200w openGL3  openCL - 2x6pin psu 
* not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, 
* works 
|-
| Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, 
* not working 
* working 
* untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;DVI up to 2500 x 1600
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required
* not working 
* untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT (G92)
| 0x10de
| 0x0611 
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]]
|-
| Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0401 0x0402 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8500 GT G86 based chipset 
| 0x10de
| 0x0421
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL tests - max opengl 3.x but 2.1 offered on Aros 32bit and 
* works Gigabyte 8500 GT, 
* not working 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GS 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0606 0x060D 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| GeForce 8600GS 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B  
|-
| GeForce 8300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0423
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007)    GT218 (2009)
* Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. 
* Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0424 0x0422 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works digital part of DVI but nothing from any display port}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output, supporting up to one 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G98 VP3 pci-e 2.0 512MB DDR2 - 
* not working 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007)
* Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. 
| 0x10de
| 0x0404 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output up to 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G86 VP2 128MB - 
* not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, 
|-
| GeForce 8400 SE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0420
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 2.x openCL 
|-
| NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 socket}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - 
|-
| Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA 2d}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0604
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 150w - 65nm technology 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX 
| 0x10de
| 0x0612
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 2x6pin psu - 
* not working xfx on via chipset (2015),  
* works xfx on chipset intel , 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX+ 
| 0x10de
| 0x0613
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* works on a few models 
|-
| Geforce 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0614
| 0x0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 495  gearbox 513  Cube 156  Cube2 120   Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.1  openCL 1.x - case dual slot - 600w 26amp on both 12v rails for 2x6pin psu on gfx card - no fan control - some come with 1x6pin - renamed version of the venerable GeForce 8800 GT - randomly works 
* not working Gainward 512M untested 
* working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) 
|-
| Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0622
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 493  gearbox 675  Cube  Cube2 100  Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - 
* not working  bfg tech ocx, 
* works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i -
|-
| Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0640
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel 480  gearbox 500  Cube  Cube2 64  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.2 - case single slot - 350 Watt/400 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 18 Amp/22 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - 
* not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, 
* works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2,  
|-
| GeForce 9600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x0623
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working  
* works 
|-
| GeForce 9600 GSO 
| 0x
| 0x0610
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - 
|-
| GeForce 9300 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x06E1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9400 GT  (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9xxx   (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro FX 580 G96 chipset 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
NV84 (G84) 	GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, 
NV92 (G92) 	GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX)
GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX)
NV96 (G96) 	GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), 
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA0 (GT200) Tesla GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E1
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or &quot;VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 260
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|Vesa}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - 
|-
| Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009)  
| 0x10de
| 0x0615
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 486  gearbox 508-642  Cube   Cube2 80   Quake3 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - 
* not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - 
* works  PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ca3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;late 2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - All are pcie 2.1 cards and may not work in 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 with 512MB or 1GB - 
* DDR5 -Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT220 (GT216) G220 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a20
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 2.0.3 GeForce GT220 1GB[[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]]
* untested NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, 
|-
| Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b)
| 0x10de
| 0x0a20
| 0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI but not 1x HDMI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - 
* not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - 
* works  - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a65
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 31W OpenGL 3.3  pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - 
* working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - 
* untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, 
* not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia ION2 9400M class (GT218) Tesla 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3), NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - 
*not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 50w OpenGL 3.3  openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; 2 dp 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; GTX 470, GTX 480   GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1  Tessellation - case dual slots - 
|-
| Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 
| 0x10de
| 0x0e22
| 0xa1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel  gearbox  cube 055-111   cube2 50}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVC0 family (Fermi) OpenGL 4.x but  - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR
* works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0e23
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x91 or 0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; nouveau 6.11 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - 
|-
| Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106  
| 0x10de
| 0x0dc4
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel  gearbox  cube   cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI  }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  2010 Hardware OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau at 3.3  - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, 
* GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, 
* works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* OEM 
* GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5
* GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT430 430GT (GF108) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy await new revision of driver
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 590   Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 580, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 5&quot; or &quot;VP5&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160  H.264 decode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 570, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works gigabyte, evga 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, 
* Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit 
* Ti 256bit 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 560 Ti  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 550 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1201
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA  Doom   Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - 
* untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) -  - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 545 and OEM GF116 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT530 OEM 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT520 520GT  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;510, GT 530    
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; ddr 3 - 50w max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT610 Fermi GF119 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 315 300 GF119S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT630 GF108 Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not accelerated 2015 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 
* not working Gigabyte 
* DDR3
* GDDR5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 730 (two versions) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 
* not working Asus 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 4000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 5000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 780    GeForce GTX 780 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 6&quot; or &quot;VP6&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 770 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 740
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 730 Kepler (two versions) f
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 670
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti GK104 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu 
* not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 640
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
* 128bit DDR3
* 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W 
* 128bit GDDR5 75W 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 620 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2000 NVE7 (GK107) Kepler 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 - 50w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K4200 GK104 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 4Gb GDDR5 - 108W 1 6pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K420 1GB DDR3 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 41W - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 750ti, GeForce 900 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;[https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia GTX 750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1381
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 and tested in 2026 with nouveau test 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2200 (GM107) Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 - 68w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K620 Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 50w slim low profile 2gb ddr3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GM based later Maxwells probably little support 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7&quot; or &quot;VP7&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX (1070, 1080)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support up to OpenGL 4.6 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 50w slim low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce gtx 1060, GeForce 1070
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 Pascal 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 family (Pascal)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018  needs gsp firmware and latest nouveau version 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1650ti super 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 old style 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 av1 decoding ampere 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV170 family (Ampere) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}

==== nouveau mobile integrated ====


 If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| GeForce 6100 nForce 405 
| 0x
| 0x03D1 0x0242
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 420 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0241
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 
| 0x
| 0x03D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0240
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0531
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0533
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x053A 0x053B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a
| 0x
| 0x053E
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No| }}
| some support on some chipsets 
|-
| GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73)   
| 0x10de
| 0x07e1
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) 
| 0x
| 0x084F
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce 8100P 
| 0x
| 0x0847
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 780a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 750a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084D
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;works 
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9400 (ION) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x087d
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;If AROS detects GPU chipset, works sometimes 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9700M ()
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce ION 2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works well 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0244
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0247
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0164 0x0167
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0166 0x0168
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Sony Laptop
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 Ultra 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C9
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0144
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0146
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0148
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0149
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D6
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7300 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D7
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D8 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;works 2D and 3d issues though 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x098
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0099
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7950 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0297
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GS 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0298
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0299
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0398
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0399
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6610 XL
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0145
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6700 XL 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0147
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8700M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0409
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0425
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0426
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0427
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0428
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0609
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x060C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0405
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0407
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9650M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0408
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042E
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9100M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0844
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0628
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9700M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062A
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0647
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0648
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0649
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x064B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9200M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600)
Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV84 (G84) Tesla 8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS
Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G
Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290)
GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV96 (G96)  9650M GT, 9700M GT
GeForce G 102M, GT 120
Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M)
NV98 (G98) 	GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS)
GeForce G 100, G 105M
Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450)
Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA3 (GT215) 	GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M
NVA5 (GT216) 	GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315
Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA8 (GT218) Tesla GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 210M, 305M, 310M, Quadro FX 380M, NVS 2100M, 3100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) 	GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G
NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) 	ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAF (MCP89) 	GeForce 320M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC0 (GF100) Fermi GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 5000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC1 (GF108) GeForce GT 415M, 420M, 425M, 435M, 520M, 525M, 540M, 550M, 555M, 630M, 635M, 640M LE, Quadro 1000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC3 (GF106) Fermi GeForce GT 445M, 555M, 630M, 635M), GTX 460M, Quadro 2000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC4 (GF104) GeForce GTX 470M, 485M, Quadro 5000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVCE (GF114) GeForce GTX 570M, 580M, 670M, 675M,  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD7 (GF117) Fermi Geforce GT 620M, 625M, (some) 630M, 710M, 720M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD9 (GF119) Fermi GeForce 410M, GT 520M, 520MX, 610M, Quadro NVS 4200M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE4 (GK104) GeForce GTX 670M, 680M, 775M, 780M, 860M, Quadro K3000M, K3100M, K4000M, K4100M, K5000M, K5100M, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE7 (GK107) GeForce GT640M, 645M, 650M, 710M, 720M, 730M, 740M, 745M, 750M, 755M, GTX 660M, K500M, K1000M, K1100M, K2000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 1650 mobile
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2050 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 4060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====radeon.hidd====

Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1  

3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets

&lt;pre&gt;
2014 SI        AMD HD 7xxx 
2016 GCN3rd    AMD R5E R7E 
2019 GCN5th    AMD Vega 8  
2022 RDNA1     AMD RX5500 desktop only 
2023 RDNA2     AMD 680M 780M 
2024 RDNA3     AMD 880M 890M
2025 RDNA3.5   AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 
2027 RDNA4     AMD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! 2D
! 3D
! Analogue Output
! Digital Output
! Laptop LCD
! Comments
|-
| 7000 (r100)
| 0x1002
| 0x5159 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x5157 
| 0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 8000 8500 (r200) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x514c (8500LE)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| 9000 9100 9250 (r200)
| 0x1002
| 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100)
| 0x0001
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| 9600 9800 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x300 x600 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420])
| 0x
| 0x554d (R430 x800xl)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) 
|-
| x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture 
|-
| HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 
|-
| HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700])
| 0x1002
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 - DDR3 -  GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - 
|-
| HD6900 cayman series 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - 
|-
| HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 openCL  - GDDR5  
|-
| HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - 
|-
| HD6450  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - DDR3 - 
|-
| HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670  
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - 
Radeon HD 8470 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 8350 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 7510 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6550D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6530D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6410D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6370D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6320 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6310 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6290 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6250 	11 	TeraScale 2
|-
| HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7450-HD7670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan 
Radeon HD 7660D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7560D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7540D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7480D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 6930 	11 	TeraScale 3
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands]
*AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT	
*AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde	
*AMD Radeon R9 255	 Cape Verde PRX	
*AMD Radeon HD 7750  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon R7 250E	 Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 8740  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 7730	 Cape Verde LE
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 430, FirePro W2100, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260  260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 Fury Nano 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL  openCL vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro WX 9100, x200 Series and Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 7900/7600 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700/6600/6500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


==== amd radeon mobile integrated ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x00
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 7500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x4c57 (7500)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9000 
| 0x1002
| 0x4966 (9000)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380)
| 0x1002
| 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) 
| 0x1002
| 0x791f
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;X1200 IGP (RS690)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x71c7 (X1650) 
| 0x009e
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 2100
| 0x1002
| 0x796e (2100)
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670)
| 0x1002 
| 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620)
| 0x1002
| 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770)
| 0x1002 
| 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 Maybe better with Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 AMDGPU Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 285 / R9 380  R9 380X  Fury / Fury X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX460 RX560D polaris11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX580 polaris20 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 6000 Navi 2x 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX6000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RNDA 3 navi
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX9070 rx 9060 XT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 rdna4 navi
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 udna (aka rdna5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; GCN 5
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used 


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only 


*Vulkan
*Gallium


Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen.

bare bones basics data flow

 application,&gt;&gt;&gt; api/opengl/vulkan&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, jit compiler, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;memory manger, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;gpu hardware

so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render.

the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance

Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL 

RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. 


==Rough gfx comparison==

&lt;pre&gt;

Group 1

GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 
GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 


Group 2

GeForce RTX 2070
Radeon RX 7600
Quadro RTX 5000
Radeon PRO W6600
GeForce RTX 2060 12GB
Radeon PRO W7500
Quadro GP100
Radeon RX 6800S
GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU
GeForce GTX 1080
GeForce RTX 3060 8GB
Quadro RTX 4000
Radeon Pro W5700
Radeon RX 6600
GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile)
Radeon RX 7700S
Radeon RX 6700S
Radeon RX 6600S
Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile)
GeForce GTX 1070 Ti
GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU
Radeon Pro Vega 64X
Radeon RX 5700
Radeon RX Vega 64
GeForce RTX 2060
GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design


Group 3

Radeon RX 6600M
GeForce GTX 1070
Radeon RX 6650M
GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU
Radeon RX Vega 56
Radeon RX 6700M
GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6800M
GeForce GTX 980 Ti
Radeon R9 Fury
GeForce GTX 980
Quadro M5500
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon RX 580
Radeon RX 5500
Radeon RX 6550M
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 780 Ti
GeForce GTX 970
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon RX 480
Radeon RX 5600M
Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design
Radeon R9 290X / 390X
Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 290
Radeon Pro 5500 XT
Radeon R9 M490 *
GeForce GTX 780 
Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6500
Radeon RX 5300
Intel Arc A770M
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Radeon Pro 580X
Radeon RX 6400
GeForce RTX 2050
Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS
GeForce GTX 980M
Quadro M5000M
Radeon RX 6300
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design
Radeon Pro 570
Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti
Quadro M4000M
Radeon R9 280X  380X 
GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design
GeForce MX570
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon 780M
GeForce GTX 960
GeForce GTX 970M
Quadro M4000M *
GeForce GTX 680


Group 4 

Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
Radeon Pro WX 7100
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 1650
Intel Arc A730M
Radeon HD 7970
Radeon R9 M395X
Radeon R9 M485X
Radeon R9 M480 *
Radeon R9 M295X
Radeon R9 M390X *
FirePro W7170M *
Radeon R9 M395
Radeon R7 370
Radeon RX 5500M
GeForce GTX 590
GeForce GTX 880M
GeForce GTX 950
Radeon R9 270X
GeForce GTX 660 Ti
GeForce GTX 760
GeForce GTX 780M
Quadro K5100M
GeForce GTX 680MX
Radeon HD 7870
GeForce GTX 965M
Quadro M3000M *
GeForce GTX 870M
Radeon R9 M290X
Radeon HD 8970M
Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) 
GeForce GTX 580
Radeon HD 6970
GeForce GTX 1050
GeForce GTX 680M
GeForce GTX 775M
GeForce GTX 1630
FirePro M6100
Radeon HD 7970M
Radeon R9 M390 *
GeForce GTX 750 Ti


Group 5

GeForce GTX 570
GeForce GTX 480
GeForce GTX 960M
Quadro M2000M *
Quadro K5000M
Quadro K4100M
GeForce GTX 770M
GeForce GTX 860M
GeForce GTX 675MX
GeForce GTX 950M
GeForce GTX 850M
Quadro M1000M
Radeon R9 M280X
Radeon HD 7950M *
GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Radeon HD 6870
GeForce GTX 470
GeForce GT 1030
GeForce MX330
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 5800HS 
FirePro 3D V8800
GeForce MX250


Group 6

Radeon Pro WX 3200
Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H
Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U
Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U
Radeon Pro WX 4150
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G
Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE
GeForce GTX 485M
FirePro W6150M
Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M470
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U
Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE
Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U
FirePro V7900
Radeon HD 5970
Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G
Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE
Radeon RX 550X
FirePro V8800
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U
GeForce MX150
Quadro K3100M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R7 250X
Intel HD 5600
Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 460
Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U
Quadro K620
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics
Intel Iris Pro P580
Intel UHD Graphics P630
Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5870
Radeon HD 6870
Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 7770
Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U
GeForce GTX 745
Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile
Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U
Quadro M600M
Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U
Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics


Group 7 

GeForce 945M
Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro M5100
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U
GeForce GTX 580M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M385
Quadro 5000M
Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U
Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics
FirePro V7800
Radeon R9 350
Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G
Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U
GeForce GTX 460 SE
Radeon Pro W5500M
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G
Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GT 645
GeForce GTX 765M
Radeon R9 M385X
Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5850
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G
Intel Iris Pro 580
Radeon HD 6850
Intel Iris Xe MAX
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U
Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core
GeForce GTX 470M
Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 670MX
Radeon RX 640
Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3
Radeon R7 450
GeForce GTX 675M
Radeon Pro WX 4130
Intel Iris Xe MAX 100
Quadro 5000
Radeon RX 570X
Radeon HD 7700-serie
Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 8 


Group 8 
 
GeForce MX230
GeForce GTX 765M
Quadro K4000M
Iris Pro Graphics P580 *
Iris Pro Graphics 580 *
GeForce GTX 645
Quadro M520
GeForce GTX 570M
GeForce MX130
Radeon RX 540
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U
Intel UHD Graphics 770
Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE 
Radeon HD 5850
GeForce GTX 675M
GeForce GTX 580M
Radeon HD 6990M
Radeon R9 M385X *
Radeon R9 M470X *
Radeon R9 M470 *
Radeon R9 M385 *
Radeon R9 M380 *
Radeon R9 M370X
Radeon R9 M275
Radeon HD 7770
GeForce GTX 485M
GeForce GTX 460 768MB
Radeon HD 6790
GeForce GTX 285M SLI
Quadro K3100M
FirePro W5170M *
GeForce GTX 670MX
Quadro 5010M
GeForce GTX 760M
GeForce GTX 670M


Group 9 

GeForce 940MX *
Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5)
FirePro M8900
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R9 M270
Radeon HD 8870M
Radeon HD 7870M
Quadro K3000M
GeForce GTX 570M
FirePro M6000
FirePro M5100
Quadro K2100M
Radeon HD 5770
GeForce GTX 550 Ti
GeForce GTX 280M SLI
Radeon HD 6950M
Radeon R7 250
GeForce GT 755M
GeForce GTX 660M
GeForce 845M
Radeon HD 8850M
Radeon R9 M365X
Radeon R9 M265X
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro W5130M *
Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U 
Radeon HD 7850M
Radeon HD 8790M
FirePro W4170M
FirePro W4190M
FirePro W4100
Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U
Quadro 4000M
GeForce GTX 470M
GeForce GTX 480M
GeForce GT 750M
Iris Pro Graphics 6200
Quadro K1100M
GeForce 940M
Radeon R9 M375
GeForce 930MX *
Radeon R7 M380 *
Radeon R7 M370
Quadro M600M *
GeForce GT 650M
Quadro K620M
GeForce 840M
Radeon R7 M275DX
GeForce GT 745M
Radeon HD 7770M
GeForce GTX 560M
Radeon R7 
Iris Pro Graphics 5200
GeForce GT 740M
GeForce 930M
Radeon HD 4850


Group 10

Iris Graphics 550 *
GeForce 830M
Iris Graphics 540
Quadro M500M *
Quadro K2000M
GeForce GTS 450
GeForce GTX 260M SLI
GeForce GT 735M
Mobility Radeon HD 5870
GeForce 825M
Quadro 5000M
FirePro M4000
FirePro M7820
Radeon HD 6870M
GeForce 9800M GTX SLI
Radeon HD 8830M *
Radeon HD 8770M
Radeon R7 M260X
GeForce GTX 460M
GeForce 920MX *
GeForce GT 730M
Radeon HD 7750M
GeForce GT 645M *
FirePro M4100
Radeon HD 8750M
Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G
Quadro 3000M
Radeon R7 M270
Radeon R7 M265
Quadro FX 3800M
GeForce GTX 285M
Mobility Radeon HD 4870
GeForce GT 640M
Radeon R7 (Kaveri)
Radeon R8 M365DX
Radeon R7 M460 *
Radeon HD 7730M
Radeon R7 M360
GeForce GTX 280M
Radeon HD 8690M
Quadro FX 3700M
Radeon R7 M340
GeForce 920M
Radeon R6 M340DX
HD Graphics 530
HD Graphics P530
Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU
Radeon R7 M260
Radeon R6 


Group 11

Mobility Radeon HD 4860
FirePro M7740
Mobility Radeon HD 4850
GeForce GTX 260M
GeForce 9800M GTX
Quadro FX 2800M
Radeon HD 8670D
Radeon HD 7690M XT
FirePro M5950
GeForce GT 640M LE
Radeon R6 (Kaveri)
Radeon HD 8650M *
Radeon HD 8730M
Radeon HD 6770M
GeForce GT 635M
GeForce GT 555M
Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B
Radeon HD 5670
Mobility Radeon HD 5850
Radeon HD 6850M
Quadro 2000M
GeForce 9800M GT
GeForce 8800M GTX
Quadro FX 3600M
GeForce GT 445M
GeForce GTS 360M


Group 12

GeForce GT 240
Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700
Radeon HD 7690M
HD Graphics 5600
Radeon HD 8570D
Radeon HD 8670M
Radeon R6 M255DX
Radeon HD 7660D
Radeon HD 6750M
Quadro K1000M
GeForce GT 550M
Radeon HD 8590M *
GeForce GTS 260M
GeForce GTS 160M
GeForce 9800M GTS
GeForce GT 430
Radeon HD 6830M
Mobility Radeon HD 5830
Radeon HD 6730M *
GeForce 9800M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 4830
Mobility Radeon HD 5770
Radeon HD 6570M
Radeon HD 8650G
Radeon HD 7670M
GeForce GT 630M
Radeon HD 7560D
GeForce GTS 150M *
Radeon R5 M335
Radeon R5 M430 *
Radeon R5 M330
Radeon R5 M255
Radeon Vega 3
Quadro 1000M
GeForce 820M
FirePro W2100
HD Graphics 520 620 
Iris Graphics 6100


GeForce GT 720M
GeForce 8800M GTS
Radeon R5 M240
Radeon R5 M320 *
Radeon R5 M230
Radeon R5 M315 *
Mobility Radeon HD 5750 *
Radeon HD 8570M
Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B
HD Graphics 6000
Quadro K610M
Radeon HD 8550M
Iris Graphics 5100
GeForce GT 540M
Mali-T880 MP12 *
Radeon HD 8610G *
Radeon HD 6650M
HD Graphics 4600
Mobility Radeon HD 5730
HD Graphics 5500
Radeon R5 (Carrizo) *
Radeon R5 (Kaveri)
FirePro M5800
NVS 5400M
GeForce 710M
Radeon HD 7660G
GeForce GT 435M
HD Graphics 5000


Quadro K510M *
Radeon HD 5570
Radeon HD 6550M
Radeon HD 7590M *
GeForce GTS 350M
GeForce GTS 250M
Radeon HD 6630M
Radeon HD 7650M
FirePro M2000
Radeon HD 7570M
Radeon HD 7630M
Quadro FX 1800M
Mobility Radeon HD 5650
Radeon HD 8510G *
Radeon HD 6530M
Radeon HD 8550G
Quadro K500M *
GeForce GT 625M *
GeForce GT 620M
GeForce GT 525M
Radeon HD 6550D *
Radeon HD 7610M
Radeon HD 7620G
Radeon HD 8470D
Radeon HD 7640G
Adreno 530
GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU)
HD Graphics 4400
HD Graphics 510 515 *


NVS 5200M
Mobility Radeon HD 565v
Radeon HD 7550M
Mobility Radeon HD 4670
GeForce GT 425M
GeForce 9700M GTS
Radeon HD 6645G2 *
Quadro FX 2700M
GeForce GT 335M
Radeon HD 7600G
Mobility Radeon HD 3870
Mobility Radeon HD 4650
GeForce GT 220
GeForce GT 420M
Radeon HD 7530M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3850
GeForce GT 330M
Quadro FX 880M
Quadro NVS 5100M
GeForce GT 240M
Radeon HD 7490M *
HD Graphics 5300
Radeon HD 7510M *
GeForce Go 7950 GTX
Quadro FX 3500M
GeForce 8700M GT SLI
GeForce 9700M GT
GeForce GT 230M
Mobility Radeon HD 550v
Radeon HD 7480D
HD Graphics 4000
Mali-T760 MP8
Radeon HD 6620G
HD Graphics (Broadwell) *
Adreno 430
Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L)
Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri)
HD Graphics (Skylake) *


Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5
Radeon HD 7500G
Radeon HD 8450G
Radeon HD 7470M
Radeon HD 6490M
Radeon HD 8400
Mali-T880 MP4
GeForce GT 520MX
Radeon HD 7520G
GeForce GT 325M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI
GeForce 8600M GT SLI
GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI
GeForce GT 130M
NVS 4200M
GeForce Go 7900 GTX
Quadro FX 2500M
Radeon HD 8350G
Radeon HD 8330
GeForce 9650M GS
GeForce 9650M GT
Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema)
GeForce 8700M GT
Quadro FX 1700M
Quadro FX 1600M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX
GeForce Go 7900 GS
Quadro NVS 320M
Quadro FX 1500M
GeForce 9600M GT
GeForce GT 220M
Quadro FX 770M
GeForce GT 120M
Radeon HD 7450M
GeForce 610M
GeForce 705M
Mali-T760 MP6
Radeon HD 6470M
FirePro M3900 *
GeForce GT 520M
Radeon HD 7420G
Mobility Radeon HD 3670
Mobility FireGL V5725
PowerVR GX6450
Adreno 420
HD Graphics (Haswell)


Radeon HD 6520G
Radeon HD 8310G *
GeForce 320M
GeForce GT 320M
Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT
Mobility Radeon X1900
Mobility Radeon X1800XT
Mobility Radeon X1800
GeForce Go 6800 Ultra
GeForce Go 7800
GeForce 9600M GS
GeForce 9500M GS
Radeon HD 7400G
Radeon HD 6480G *
Mobility Radeon HD 2700
GeForce GT 415M
GeForce 410M
Radeon HD 7370M
Adreno 418
HD Graphics (Cherry Trail)
Radeon HD 6370M
Radeon HD 8280
Mobility Radeon HD 5470
Radeon HD 6450M
Radeon HD 7430M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3650
Mobility FireGL V5700
Mobility Radeon HD 5145
Mobility Radeon HD 545v
Radeon R6 (Mullins) *
Radeon HD 8240
Radeon HD 8250
Mobility Radeon HD 4570
Quadro FX 570M
Mobility Radeon HD 5450 *
Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) *
GeForce 8600M GT
Mobility Radeon HD 2600
HD Graphics 3000
Quadro FX 380M
GeForce 310M
GeForce G210M
NVS 3100M
GeForce 405M
GeForce 315M
GeForce Go 7600 GT
GeForce 9500M G
GeForce 8600M GS
NVS 2100M
GeForce Go 7700
GeForce Go 6800
Quadro FX Go 1400
Mobility Radeon X800XT
Radeon HD 6430M *
Radeon HD 6380G *
Mobility Radeon HD 5430
Radeon HD 8210
Mobility Radeon HD 540v
Mobility Radeon HD 4550
HD Graphics 2500
HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge)


Quadro NVS 310 
Radeon HD 7350M *
Radeon HD 6350M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4530
Mobility Radeon HD 4350
Radeon HD 4350
GeForce 305M
Mobility Radeon X1700
Mobility FireGL V5250
Mobility Radeon X2500
GeForce Go 7600
Quadro NVS 300M
Mobility Radeon X800
Mobility Radeon X1600
Mobility FireGL V5200
Mobility Radeon 9800
GeForce Go 6600
Mobility Radeon X1450
Mobility Radeon X700
Mobility FireGL V5000
GeForce G 110M
Quadro NVS 295 
Radeon HD 6330M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4330
GeForce 8400M GT
Quadro NVS 140M
HD Graphics 2000
GeForce 9500M GE *
GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE)
HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) *


Adreno 330
PowerVR G6430
PowerVR GX6250
PowerVR G6400
HD Graphics (Bay Trail)
Mali-T628 MP6
Mali-T760 MP4
Chrome9HD *
Radeon HD 7340
Radeon HD 6320 *
Radeon HD 7310
Radeon HD 6310 *
Radeon HD 8180
Mobility Radeon HD 3470
GeForce 9300M G
ION 2 *
GeForce 9300M GS
Quadro FX 370M
Quadro NVS 160M
GeForce 9200M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Mobility Radeon HD 3430
Mobility Radeon HD 3410
Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT
Radeon HD 4270
Radeon HD 4250
Radeon HD 7290 *
Radeon HD 6290 *
Radeon HD 4200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics
Radeon HD 6250


Quadro NVS 150M
Quadro FX 360M
Mobility Radeon X1350
Mobility Radeon X1400
GeForce 9100M G
GeForce 8400M GS
Quadro NVS 135M
Mobility Radeon HD 2400
Radeon HD 3200
Radeon HD 4225 *
Radeon HD 4100 *
SGX554MP4
Mali-T628 MP4
Mobility Radeon HD 3400 *
Radeon HD 3100
GeForce 8400M G
Mali-T860 MP2
Quadro NVS 130M
GeForce 8200M G
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M
Mali-T604 MP4
GeForce Go 7400
Quadro FX 350M
Quadro NVS 120M
GeForce Go 7300
GeForce Tegra 4 *
PowerVR G6200
Adreno 405 *
Quadro NVS 110M
Mobility Radeon X600
Mobility FireGL V3200
Mobility FireGL V3100
Mobility Radeon HD X2300
Mobility Radeon 9700


Mobility FireGL T2e
Mobility Radeon X1300
GeForce4 4200 Go
Mobility Radeon 9600
Mobility FireGL T2
Mobility Radeon 9550
GeForce Go 7200
GeForce Go 6400
Mobility Radeon X300
GeForce Go 6250
GeForce Go 6200
GeForce FX Go 5700
Quadro FX Go 1000
GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650
Radeon Xpress X1270
Radeon Xpress X1250
Radeon Xpress X1200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100
Mali-T624
Adreno 320 *
Mali-T760 MP2
Mali-T720 MP4
Mali-450 MP4
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 *
GeForce 7190M *
GeForce 7150M
Radeon Xpress 1150
GeForce Go 6150
GeForce Go 6100
GeForce 7000M
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 *
Mobility Radeon 9200
Mobility FireGL 9000
GeForce FX Go 5200
Mobility Radeon 9000
GeForce 4 488 Go
GeForce 4 460 Go
GeForce 4 440 Go
GeForce 4 420 Go
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 
SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 *
Mali-T720 MP2
Mali-T720
Adreno 302 304 305 306
Mobility Radeon 7500
Mobility FireGL 7800
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 


Radeon Xpress 200M
Radeon Xpress 1100
Mirage 3+ 672MX
Mirage 3 671MX
Mali-400 MP4 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) *
VideoCore-IV *
Adreno 220 225*
Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core
Mali-400 MP2 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 *
SGX540 *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500
Adreno 205 *
Adreno 203 *
GC800 *
SGX535
SGX531
SGX530
Adreno 200 *
Mali-200 *
GeForce 3 Go *
GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100
Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP
Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP
Mobility Radeon M7
Mobility Radeon M6
Chrome9 HC
Extreme Graphics 2
Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP
Radeon IGP 340M
Radeon IGP 320M
S3G UniChrome Pro II
S3G UniChrome Pro
Castle Rock
Mirage 2 M760
Mirage M661FX
S3 Graphics ProSavage8
Mobility 128 M3
SM502 *
&lt;/pre&gt;


Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need...

DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a &quot;vendor-neutral&quot; portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. 

&quot;let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!&quot; - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. 

There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). 

Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. 

Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA &amp; AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD &amp; Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. 


So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like:

* AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (radeonsi)  
* AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (r600g) -&gt; games/apps/etc.
* NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (nouveau) -&gt; games/apps.
* Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (i945) -&gt; games/apps.


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=30%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Fudomi GC888A
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 100in throw projector 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vamvo VF320 (720P) 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Happrun H1 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 100in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Zentality A10 Plus 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 110in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nexigo nova mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nebula mars 3 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;dangbei freedo 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;benq gv50 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. 
AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. 


Bluetooth is similarly unlikely to be ever supported due to huge cost to be certified. 


No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed.</text>
      <sha1>kjvg9bayceq3xz7q0nnob3gsq8nfumh</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641751</id>
      <parentid>4641750</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T21:05:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641751</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="228410" sha1="fe2e7dt4n1auo16k6pez8f4w1n4gk50" xml:space="preserve">Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], 

{{ArosNav}}


[[#Audio Chipsets]]

[[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]]

[[#Rough gfx comparison]]

[[#]]


==x86 Native Environment==


AROS should run on almost any i386 PC hardware so long as the CPU is newer than an i486, and has a &quot;Floating Point Unit (FPU)&quot;. Ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. 


Motherboards supported 
* Most Intel mobos are supported (Skt 775 is ok but newer is better) - additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc 
* AMD based socket 939 am2 am2+ am3+, fusion and am4 ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed 


Supported graphics cards (gfx) 
* Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2017. 
64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs and higher to GTX 900s and '''3D''' from . 
32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT through to fermi gtx5xx and  '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx. 
* Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009. 
'''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards 
* AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2005. 
Desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600. Experimental 2D version for up to HD3xxx came later 
* VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. 

 It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. 


Sound wise there are 

* HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) 
* some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) 


* PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards 
* PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] 
* PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards 
* PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 


Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc 
* PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 
* PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100
* PCI intel pro100
* Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 
* VIA 10/100 
* 3com Etherlink 10/100 
* Realtek rtl8029 10mbit 


Wireless wifi 
* atheros 5000 wireless 
*realtek 8187 usb 


It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. 

* mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot
* micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. 
* full atx will have more slots available 

'''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. 

Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. 


The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World]


: Brief Timeline

: 2000-12-06 HIDD  first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz])
: 2001-03-31 BOOT  first boot from floppy disk with IDE device 
: 2001-10-30 BOOT  first cd bootable version
: 2002-01-27 HIDD  first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz)
: 2002-04-13 BOOT  software HDToolBox added ()
: 2003-04-03 HIDD  vesa2.hidd graphic modes added ()
: 2004-03-08 HIDD  new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz)
: 2004-03-17 HIDD  nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-01-05 AHI   AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom)
: 2005-01-06 AHI   SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger)
: 2005-02-04 AHI   AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) 
: 2005-06-27 NIC   amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2005-08-25 NIC   nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-12-24 NIC   Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2006-03-25 HIDD  ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz)
: 2007-03-06 HIDD  vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) 
: 2007-03-08 HIDD  dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) 
: 2007-03-21 HIDD  usb initial commit (Michal Schulz)


: 2007-10-01 BOOT  Installer added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2007-11-29 PORT  64bit x86 added  (Michal Schulz) 
: 2008-04-12 BOOT  GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews)
: 2008-08-26 NIC   RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) 
: 2008-10-22 PORT  to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz)
: 2009-02-25 PORT  to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) 
: 2009-05-18 HIDD  poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) 
: 2009-11-18 NIC   RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet])
: 2009-12-23 AHI   HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler)
: 2010-03-09 BOOT  USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2010-05-26 HIDD  Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz)
: 2010-09-03 NIC   Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2011-04-30 HIDD  Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support (Deadwood) 
: 2011-08-30 HIDD  Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft)
: 2011-09-17 NIC   Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2011-12-09 HIDD  Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) 


: 2013-02-25 AHI   AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2013-03-31 PORT  early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) 
: 2014-01-16 AHI   Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2017-02-17 PORT  Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz)
: 2018-10-20 PORT  Big Endian ARM 
: 2021-11-26 NIC   Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2023-01-12 NIC   Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2025-11    HIDD  xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews)


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Audio Chipsets===

'''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' 


====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI====

*2021 5.27 

as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. 

The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). 

Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
|
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1370 (u?)   AK4531 (u?)
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
| 0x00
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
|
|-
| CT4700  Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5000
| 0x7c
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works -  opamp JRC4565(u?)  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) 
|-
| CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4565-1056W (u1)  stac9708t(u2)  [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3)  24wc012 (u4) 
|-
| CT4751 (SB128PCI) 
| 0x1274
| 0x8001
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) 
|-
| CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V
| 0x1274 
| 0x1371 
| 0x06
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4812 (Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4813 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4815 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). 
|-
| CT5801 HP 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5803 Gateway 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works  4565-0005b jrc (u1)    4297a-jq ztae0c0002  (u2)    es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT4740
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 
|-
| CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7  
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5806  (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?)  ZTAPWC9933 (u2)   es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1373 (u?) 
|-
| CT5808
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938
| 0x1102
| 0x8938
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT5880 on various motherboards 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5880 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, 
|-
| VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x02
| {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;pre&gt;
Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A  
Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B  

Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A  
Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C  
Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D  
Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E  

Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B  
Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A  
Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8  
&lt;/pre&gt;


====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio====

*2021 5.10 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686B KT133A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x50
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM333 KT333 with VT8235 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x30
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x40 0x50 0x60 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy====

*2021 6.5

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1)
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested (1st Gen)
|-
| Live CT4620 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested             
|-
| Live CT4760 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| playback works
|-
| Live Value CT4670 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| works plays stereo (2nd Gen)
|-
| Live Value DELL CT4780 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x06
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode
|-
| Live Value Compaq CT4830 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| not working 
|-
| Live Value CT4831 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{partial|Line-In only}}
| works
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x08
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works
|-
| Live Value HP CT4870 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| Works
|-
| Live Value Gateway CT4871 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen)
|-
| Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Live 5.1 Player SB0220 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1
|-
| Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| working 
|-
| Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2)
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Audigy SB0230 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1102
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0004
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x03
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Mic only}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested)
|-
| Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx
| 0x1102 
| 0x0006 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| 
|-
| Live 24bit SB0410 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Live 24bit DELL SB0413 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy LS SB0310 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570
| 0x1102
| 0x0007
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO)
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 PRO SB0380
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 
| 0x1102 
| 0x000
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver but linux support needs firmware 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out 
the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 


====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media====

*2021 5.20 

;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Audiotrak MAYA EX5 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| cmi8738-sx 4ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested
|-
| e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EDio SC3000D 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{no}}
| 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec 5.1 PCI 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| Has SPDIF
|-
| Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| XSonic CMI 8738 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision 
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x13f6
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0111
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Chinese based card with playback tested so far 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2001-2005 ac97.audio====

*6.4 27-12-2008 


The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns 

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 

The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC200 and ALC201 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC201A and ALC202  and ALC202A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC650 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC850 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Acorp 7NFU400 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8080
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x24c5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881 SoundMAX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Analog Devices first AC97 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1885 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1886 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1887 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ADI AD1888 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 1.51
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1981A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM X30 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1985 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1986 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM T23
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x103c
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3085 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI 6501 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9738
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9739
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI 9739A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;STAC9708T codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VIA VT1612, VT82C686
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1968
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1978
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1988
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x12
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ymf-753 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451
| 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) 
| 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX)
| 0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| no support - introduced early 2000s
|-
| SIS 7012 
| 0x1039
| 0x7012
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM9717 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Parallels 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| VirtualBox
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working
|-
| VirtualPC
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel 82801AA Proxmox 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio====

*6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] 
*6.35 202  [] 
*6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards 
*6.29 2018 
*6.27 2017 update
*6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x 
*6.20 July 2012 
*6.17 Nov 2011 
*6.15 Jun 2011
*[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=109 6.13] Sep 2010


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC260 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC262 
* ALC262-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC268 codec
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. 
|-
| [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] 
* ALC269Q-GR
* ALC269QSRS-GR
* ALC269W-GR 
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 &amp; co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] 
|-
| [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] 
* ALC269Q-VB5-GR 
* ALC269Q-VB6-CG 
* ALC269Q-VB6-GR 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, 
* v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13
* v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 
|-
| [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202]
* ALC269Q-VC2-GR
* ALC269Q-VC3-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100203, 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;SMT SMD QFN-48 - 
* v1 unknown
* v2 unknown
* v3 x230, dell wyse, 
|-
| ALC272 
* ALC272-VA4-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0272
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC273 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC270 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC282 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;needs retest 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC660 ALC660-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* works asus F9s, F9e 
* untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC661-GR (2011) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC662 
| 0x1043
| 0x82a1
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}}
| 
* works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663]  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0861
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.13}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance 
* not working Asus n50vn x71vn, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC665 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC666 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC667
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC668 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC880 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;some 915 and 925 chipset mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC882M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some early versions work }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), 
|-
| Codec ALC885 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0885
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888s
* ALC888S-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC888b
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo),  
|-
| ALC888-VD
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested 
|-
| ALC889A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 Gr
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} with crackles 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Tested with MSI H55 board 
|-
| ALC887 ALC887-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 
|-
| ALC887-VD-CG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 
| 
|-
| ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887 0x1458
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} index = 2 
| ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead 
* working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), 
* not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, 
|-
| ALC887-VD2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 3jacks 
|-
| ALC887-VD2-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC887-
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC892-CG rev
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - 
|-
| ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 2009 introduced 
* works 
* not working 
* untested 
|-
| ALC892 rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0892
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2014 
|-
| Realtek ALC886-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD 
| 0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0663
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
* not working Toshiba Tecra A7 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC898 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3232 (aka ALC292) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0292
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3234 aka ALC255 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0255 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;003
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3287 aka ALC257
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1882 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1883 HD Codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1884 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| IBM Thinkpad T60, 
|-
| AD1984 hp-m4 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, 
|-
| AD1986 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| AD1988
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1988A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4207
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4208 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|very very very low volume}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549-12Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested HP 530 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20561 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working lenovo x200s
* untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20582 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20585 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20672 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20671 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20751-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11852 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11880 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Silicon Labs 3054 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VIA 1708A
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested, 
|-
| VIA VT1708B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| 0x0010
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|VIA PicoITX}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| VIA 1708S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}  
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VT2021 10ch
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Creative CA0110-IBG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), 
|-
| IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works HP Compaq mini 110
* untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, 
|-
| IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel D5400XS, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD73C
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD75B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x111d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7608
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required]
* untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD81XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD83XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 92HD89XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM8860 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. 

 Output &lt;- Codec &lt;- Audio Controller (HDA) &lt;-&gt; Computer 

codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a &quot;codec&quot;. Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. 

Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 

 Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. 


Things to try if sound not working 

* try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa 
* make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... 
* even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters 
* it might be internally muted 


&lt;pre&gt;
add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Bifteck &gt; RAM:audio.txt
&lt;/pre&gt;

or 

&lt;pre&gt;
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; RAM:audio.txt
Run ahi prefs
Click test tone button 
Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add &quot;debug=memory&quot; to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. 

or 

* try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line 
* '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file 
* Reboot
* open a shell
* type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi &gt; ram:debug.txt
* open ahi prefs
* select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise 
* press the 'test sound' button
* press ctrl-c in the shell
* post the results to Aros-World


The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. 

HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs 


====Envy24 series ====

A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). 

There are PCI Express versions appearing. 

The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards.

N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. 


=====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Playback
! Recording
! Comments
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| works audio out on   - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001  2001 REV-B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B  or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps 
* be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues 
|-
| M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;M-Audio Delta DiO 2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Terratec EWX24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1412
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1712
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| untested  - AKM  and codec
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWSA88MT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1212M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1616M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Value
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
    Event Electronics EZ8
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Digigram VX442
    Lionstracs
    Mediastation
    Terrasoniq TS 88
    Roland/Edirol DA-2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


=====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ESI Juli@
| 0x3031
| 0x4553
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K 
| 0x3031
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3631
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192
| 0x1412
| 0x3630 0x1724 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1147
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - discontinued 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] 
| 0x153b
| 0x1145
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - semaphore error on rev 3 -  DAC    ADC  
|-
| Terratec Phase 22
| 0x153b
| 0x1150
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| Terratec Phase 28
| 0x153b
| 0x1149 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Playback 
| Recording
| Revision 
| Comments
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1
| 0x4933
| 0x4553
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT
| 0x3132
| 0x4154
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - STAC9460S codec 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Echo Layla 24/96 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3632
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ONKYO SE-150PCI
| 0x160b
| 0x0001
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESI Waveterminal 192x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quartet 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9840 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Not detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVidia HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Graphic GFX Chipsets===

[https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. 

AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets 
* Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, 
* Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, 

The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 


2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench &gt; out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 


3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], 


HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up 

&lt;pre&gt;
HDMI (licensing fee)
1.2 720p res. 
1.3 1080 resolution 
1.4  4K @ 30Hz
2.0  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 
2.2 ultra96 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 

1.4  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
GPMI chinese standard 

2.0

&lt;/pre&gt;


*OpenGL4 must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support. The last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) on [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] and Nvidia RTX might come to AROS) but Intel UHD, Iris Plus or Xe or Arc will not unless a developer wants the challenge - [https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.0.html#mesa-20-0-0-release-notes-2020-02-19 Mesa 20.0.0] implements the OpenGL 4.6 API, but the version reported by glGetString(GL_VERSION) or glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION) / glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION) depends on the particular driver being used and may report a lower version depending on each driver. Mesa 20.0.0 implements the Vulkan 1.2 API, but the version reported by the apiVersion property of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties struct depends on the particular driver being used. 
*OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) 

*OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau on Aros 32bit, 
*OpenGL1 intel gma950 on Aros 32bit and 64bit, 


====vga.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====vesa.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour -  no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]====

DVI output is not supported at the moment. 

If having problems:

* Ensure the latest version is being used. 
* Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test 
* Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon.

If still having problems:

* At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory
* Boot.
* Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck &gt; RAM:debug.txt
* And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;3%&quot; |Rev
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Laptop LCD
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work 
|-
| 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GL 82915GL GMCH 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GV 82915GV GMCH
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| HP DC5100 small form factor 
|-
| 915GM GMA900
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel  gearbox  }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| asus eee pc 900 
|-
| 915GMS 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel   }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) 
| 0x8086
| 0x2772
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, 
|-
| 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27a2
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| Dell D430 
|-
| 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27ae
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No|dvi port}}
| {{Yes| }}
| for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks
* 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, 
|-
| 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945GC 82945GC MCH
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945PM 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, 
|-
| 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|most models}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| 
* 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, 
* 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400,  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GMA 3100 G31 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| GMA 3100 G33 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; G965
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; Q965 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2992
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Only tested with VGA output.
|-
| 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output 
* untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, 
|-
| 960GM X3100 (400 MHz)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| 965M X3100 (400 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Dell D830, 
|-
| 965PM ??
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GL965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GM965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GMA X3500 G35 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42 0x2a43
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x07
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt; {{Yes| VESA}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====[http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)====

 PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS 

*Desktop, more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia on Aros 32bit but on Aros 64bit ...
*Laptop, limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations on 32bit but on 64bit ...) 

Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc

* 202
* 2026-07 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   20.0 Mesa OpenCL
* 2011-10 - DEVS  6.11 Nouveau.hidd  7.4 Gallium.hidd  9.4 Softpipe - LIBS  2.3 Gallium  1.3 GLU  19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x 
* 2011-04 - DEVS  5.31 Nouveau.hidd  7.3 Gallium.hidd  9.3 Softpipe - LIBS  2.2 Gallium  1.1 GLU  18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a


Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ...
 On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) 
 On Aros 64bit 

ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the &quot;`&quot; key and type &quot;Timedemo demo1&quot; in the console 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|-
| NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  
|-
| Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) 9600GT ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA3 (GT215) GT240 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) gt210 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) ION2 || 38,4 || 53,9 || 61,7 || Not Detected || Not Detected || Not Detected 
|-
| NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE0 Kepler GT630 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  || 
|-
| NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV126 (GM206) GTX950 upwards no reclocking || N/A || N/A || N/A || poor || poor || poor
|-
| NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware  || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown  
|-
| HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|very slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt vanta lt (nv06)  1998 /9
| 0x10de
| 0x002c
| 0x15
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| untested Geforce256 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003)
| 0x10DE
| 0x0322 0x
| 0xA1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|  }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 
* not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&amp;page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] 
* working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver 
* Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD 
|-
| Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| Geforce 5100 (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5200 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600SE
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700VE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700LE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 (NV30)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900ZT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5950 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 5xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F3 0x014F 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| use 5.28}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1  needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006)
| 0x
| 0x0221
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2
* not working 
*working
|-
| GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) 
| 0x
| 0x0161
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) 
| 0x
| 0x0162
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 6200 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x0163
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| PCI-E 
|-
| GeForce 6600 LE
| 0x
| 0x00F4 0x0142 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 
| 0x
| 0x00F2 0x0141
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX
|-
| Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F1 0x0140
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  OpenGL tests - 
|-
| Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x)
| 0x
| 0x0043 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 LE 
| 0x
| 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400)
| 0x
| 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800 GS
| 0x
| 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 
| 0x
| 0x0040 0x0F9 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800XT
| 0x
| 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 VE  
| 0x
| 0x0143
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6500 NV44 
| 0x
| 0x0160 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6250 
| 0x
| 0x0169 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 7800 GTX 
| 0x
| 0x0090 0x0091 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel  gearbox  cube  cube2 25}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - 
* not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - 
* Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports 
* Untested 
|-
| GeForce 7800 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0092
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x02E0 0x0391
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 2.1 
* not working 
* working 
|-
| GeForce 7800 SLI  
| 0x
| 0x0095 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GTX  
| 0x
| 0x0290
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GT GTO  
| 0x
| 0x0291
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0292
| 0x0a1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 
|-
| GeForce 7950 GX2  
| 0x10de
| 0x0293 0x0294
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7950 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0295 0x02E4
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x
| 0x02E3
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x02E1 0x0392
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7650 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0390
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0394 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0093 0x00F5 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 
|-
| GeForce 7100 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x016A
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7350 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) 
| 0x10de 
| 0x01D3
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - 
* not working Asus on via chipset (2015), 
* works Asus on intel chipset (2015), 
|-
| Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0395 0x0393
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 7300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DF 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7500 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DD
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7xxx 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0194
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration 
|-
| Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 200w openGL3  openCL - 2x6pin psu 
* not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, 
* works 
|-
| Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, 
* not working 
* working 
* untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;DVI up to 2500 x 1600
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required
* not working 
* untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT (G92)
| 0x10de
| 0x0611 
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]]
|-
| Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0401 0x0402 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8500 GT G86 based chipset 
| 0x10de
| 0x0421
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL tests - max opengl 3.x but 2.1 offered on Aros 32bit and 
* works Gigabyte 8500 GT, 
* not working 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GS 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0606 0x060D 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| GeForce 8600GS 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B  
|-
| GeForce 8300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0423
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007)    GT218 (2009)
* Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. 
* Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0424 0x0422 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works digital part of DVI but nothing from any display port}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output, supporting up to one 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G98 VP3 pci-e 2.0 512MB DDR2 - 
* not working 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007)
* Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. 
| 0x10de
| 0x0404 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output up to 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G86 VP2 128MB - 
* not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, 
|-
| GeForce 8400 SE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0420
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 2.x openCL 
|-
| NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 socket}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - 
|-
| Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA 2d}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0604
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 150w - 65nm technology 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX 
| 0x10de
| 0x0612
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 2x6pin psu - 
* not working xfx on via chipset (2015),  
* works xfx on chipset intel , 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX+ 
| 0x10de
| 0x0613
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* works on a few models 
|-
| Geforce 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0614
| 0x0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 495  gearbox 513  Cube 156  Cube2 120   Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.1  openCL 1.x - case dual slot - 600w 26amp on both 12v rails for 2x6pin psu on gfx card - no fan control - some come with 1x6pin - renamed version of the venerable GeForce 8800 GT - randomly works 
* not working Gainward 512M untested 
* working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) 
|-
| Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0622
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 493  gearbox 675  Cube  Cube2 100  Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - 
* not working  bfg tech ocx, 
* works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i -
|-
| Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0640
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel 480  gearbox 500  Cube  Cube2 64  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.2 - case single slot - 350 Watt/400 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 18 Amp/22 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - 
* not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, 
* works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2,  
|-
| GeForce 9600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x0623
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working  
* works 
|-
| GeForce 9600 GSO 
| 0x
| 0x0610
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - 
|-
| GeForce 9300 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x06E1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9400 GT  (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9xxx   (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro FX 580 G96 chipset 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
NV84 (G84) 	GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, 
NV92 (G92) 	GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX)
GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX)
NV96 (G96) 	GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), 
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA0 (GT200) Tesla GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E1
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or &quot;VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 260
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|Vesa}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - 
|-
| Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009)  
| 0x10de
| 0x0615
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 486  gearbox 508-642  Cube   Cube2 80   Quake3 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - 
* not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - 
* works  PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ca3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;late 2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - All are pcie 2.1 cards and may not work in 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 with 512MB or 1GB - 
* DDR5 -Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT220 (GT216) G220 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a20
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 2.0.3 GeForce GT220 1GB[[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]]
* untested NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, 
|-
| Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b)
| 0x10de
| 0x0a20
| 0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI but not 1x HDMI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - 
* not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - 
* works  - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a65
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 31W OpenGL 3.3  pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - 
* working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - 
* untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, 
* not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia ION2 9400M class (GT218) Tesla 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3), NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - 
*not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 50w OpenGL 3.3  openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; 2 dp 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; GTX 470, GTX 480   GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1  Tessellation - case dual slots - 
|-
| Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 
| 0x10de
| 0x0e22
| 0xa1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel  gearbox  cube 055-111   cube2 50}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVC0 family (Fermi) OpenGL 4.x but  - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR
* works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0e23
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x91 or 0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; nouveau 6.11 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - 
|-
| Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106  
| 0x10de
| 0x0dc4
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel  gearbox  cube   cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI  }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  2010 Hardware OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau at 3.3  - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, 
* GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, 
* works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* OEM 
* GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5
* GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT430 430GT (GF108) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy await new revision of driver
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 590   Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 580, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 5&quot; or &quot;VP5&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160  H.264 decode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 570, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works gigabyte, evga 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, 
* Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit 
* Ti 256bit 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 560 Ti  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 550 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1201
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA  Doom   Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - 
* untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) -  - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 545 and OEM GF116 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT530 OEM 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT520 520GT  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;510, GT 530    
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; ddr 3 - 50w max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT610 Fermi GF119 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 315 300 GF119S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT630 GF108 Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not accelerated 2015 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 
* not working Gigabyte 
* DDR3
* GDDR5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 730 (two versions) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 
* not working Asus 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 4000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 5000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 780    GeForce GTX 780 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 6&quot; or &quot;VP6&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 770 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 740
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 730 Kepler (two versions) f
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 670
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti GK104 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu 
* not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 640
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
* 128bit DDR3
* 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W 
* 128bit GDDR5 75W 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 620 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2000 NVE7 (GK107) Kepler 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 - 50w single slot pcie 2.0 - like 740gs - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K4200 GK104 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 4Gb GDDR5 - 108W 1 6pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K420 1GB DDR3 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 41W - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 750ti, GeForce 900 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia GTX 750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1381
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 and tested in 2026 with nouveau test 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2200 (GM107) Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 - 68w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K620 Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 50w slim low profile 2gb ddr3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GM based later Maxwells probably little support 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7&quot; or &quot;VP7&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX (1070, 1080)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support up to OpenGL 4.6 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 50w slim low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce gtx 1060, GeForce 1070
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 Pascal 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 family (Pascal)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018  needs gsp firmware and latest nouveau version 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1650ti super 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 old style 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 av1 decoding ampere 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV170 family (Ampere) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}

==== nouveau mobile integrated ====


 If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| GeForce 6100 nForce 405 
| 0x
| 0x03D1 0x0242
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 420 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0241
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 
| 0x
| 0x03D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0240
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0531
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0533
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x053A 0x053B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a
| 0x
| 0x053E
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No| }}
| some support on some chipsets 
|-
| GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73)   
| 0x10de
| 0x07e1
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) 
| 0x
| 0x084F
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce 8100P 
| 0x
| 0x0847
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 780a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 750a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084D
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;works 
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9400 (ION) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x087d
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;If AROS detects GPU chipset, works sometimes 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9700M ()
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce ION 2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works well 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0244
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0247
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0164 0x0167
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0166 0x0168
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Sony Laptop
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 Ultra 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C9
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0144
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0146
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0148
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0149
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D6
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7300 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D7
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D8 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;works 2D and 3d issues though 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x098
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0099
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7950 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0297
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GS 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0298
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0299
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0398
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0399
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6610 XL
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0145
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6700 XL 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0147
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8700M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0409
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0425
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0426
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0427
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0428
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0609
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x060C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0405
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0407
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9650M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0408
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042E
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9100M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0844
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0628
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9700M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062A
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0647
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0648
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0649
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x064B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9200M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600)
Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV84 (G84) Tesla 8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS
Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G
Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290)
GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV96 (G96)  9650M GT, 9700M GT
GeForce G 102M, GT 120
Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M)
NV98 (G98) 	GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS)
GeForce G 100, G 105M
Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450)
Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA3 (GT215) 	GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M
NVA5 (GT216) 	GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315
Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA8 (GT218) Tesla GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 210M, 305M, 310M, Quadro FX 380M, NVS 2100M, 3100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) 	GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G
NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) 	ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAF (MCP89) 	GeForce 320M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC0 (GF100) Fermi GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 5000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC1 (GF108) GeForce GT 415M, 420M, 425M, 435M, 520M, 525M, 540M, 550M, 555M, 630M, 635M, 640M LE, Quadro 1000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC3 (GF106) Fermi GeForce GT 445M, 555M, 630M, 635M), GTX 460M, Quadro 2000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC4 (GF104) GeForce GTX 470M, 485M, Quadro 5000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVCE (GF114) GeForce GTX 570M, 580M, 670M, 675M,  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD7 (GF117) Fermi Geforce GT 620M, 625M, (some) 630M, 710M, 720M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD9 (GF119) Fermi GeForce 410M, GT 520M, 520MX, 610M, Quadro NVS 4200M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE4 (GK104) GeForce GTX 670M, 680M, 775M, 780M, 860M, Quadro K3000M, K3100M, K4000M, K4100M, K5000M, K5100M, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE7 (GK107) GeForce GT640M, 645M, 650M, 710M, 720M, 730M, 740M, 745M, 750M, 755M, GTX 660M, K500M, K1000M, K1100M, K2000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 1650 mobile
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2050 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 4060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====radeon.hidd====

Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1  

3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets

&lt;pre&gt;
2014 SI        AMD HD 7xxx 
2016 GCN3rd    AMD R5E R7E 
2019 GCN5th    AMD Vega 8  
2022 RDNA1     AMD RX5500 desktop only 
2023 RDNA2     AMD 680M 780M 
2024 RDNA3     AMD 880M 890M
2025 RDNA3.5   AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 
2027 RDNA4     AMD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! 2D
! 3D
! Analogue Output
! Digital Output
! Laptop LCD
! Comments
|-
| 7000 (r100)
| 0x1002
| 0x5159 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x5157 
| 0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 8000 8500 (r200) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x514c (8500LE)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| 9000 9100 9250 (r200)
| 0x1002
| 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100)
| 0x0001
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| 9600 9800 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x300 x600 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420])
| 0x
| 0x554d (R430 x800xl)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) 
|-
| x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture 
|-
| HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 
|-
| HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700])
| 0x1002
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 - DDR3 -  GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - 
|-
| HD6900 cayman series 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - 
|-
| HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 openCL  - GDDR5  
|-
| HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - 
|-
| HD6450  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - DDR3 - 
|-
| HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670  
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - 
Radeon HD 8470 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 8350 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 7510 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6550D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6530D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6410D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6370D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6320 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6310 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6290 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6250 	11 	TeraScale 2
|-
| HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7450-HD7670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan 
Radeon HD 7660D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7560D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7540D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7480D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 6930 	11 	TeraScale 3
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands]
*AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT	
*AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde	
*AMD Radeon R9 255	 Cape Verde PRX	
*AMD Radeon HD 7750  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon R7 250E	 Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 8740  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 7730	 Cape Verde LE
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 430, FirePro W2100, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260  260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 Fury Nano 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL  openCL vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro WX 9100, x200 Series and Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 7900/7600 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700/6600/6500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


==== amd radeon mobile integrated ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x00
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 7500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x4c57 (7500)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9000 
| 0x1002
| 0x4966 (9000)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380)
| 0x1002
| 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) 
| 0x1002
| 0x791f
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;X1200 IGP (RS690)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x71c7 (X1650) 
| 0x009e
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 2100
| 0x1002
| 0x796e (2100)
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670)
| 0x1002 
| 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620)
| 0x1002
| 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770)
| 0x1002 
| 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 Maybe better with Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 AMDGPU Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 285 / R9 380  R9 380X  Fury / Fury X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX460 RX560D polaris11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX580 polaris20 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 6000 Navi 2x 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX6000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RNDA 3 navi
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX9070 rx 9060 XT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 rdna4 navi
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 udna (aka rdna5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; GCN 5
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used 


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only 


*Vulkan
*Gallium


Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen.

bare bones basics data flow

 application,&gt;&gt;&gt; api/opengl/vulkan&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, jit compiler, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;memory manger, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;gpu hardware

so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render.

the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance

Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL 

RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. 


==Rough gfx comparison==

&lt;pre&gt;

Group 1

GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 
GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 


Group 2

GeForce RTX 2070
Radeon RX 7600
Quadro RTX 5000
Radeon PRO W6600
GeForce RTX 2060 12GB
Radeon PRO W7500
Quadro GP100
Radeon RX 6800S
GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU
GeForce GTX 1080
GeForce RTX 3060 8GB
Quadro RTX 4000
Radeon Pro W5700
Radeon RX 6600
GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile)
Radeon RX 7700S
Radeon RX 6700S
Radeon RX 6600S
Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile)
GeForce GTX 1070 Ti
GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU
Radeon Pro Vega 64X
Radeon RX 5700
Radeon RX Vega 64
GeForce RTX 2060
GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design


Group 3

Radeon RX 6600M
GeForce GTX 1070
Radeon RX 6650M
GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU
Radeon RX Vega 56
Radeon RX 6700M
GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6800M
GeForce GTX 980 Ti
Radeon R9 Fury
GeForce GTX 980
Quadro M5500
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon RX 580
Radeon RX 5500
Radeon RX 6550M
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 780 Ti
GeForce GTX 970
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon RX 480
Radeon RX 5600M
Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design
Radeon R9 290X / 390X
Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 290
Radeon Pro 5500 XT
Radeon R9 M490 *
GeForce GTX 780 
Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6500
Radeon RX 5300
Intel Arc A770M
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Radeon Pro 580X
Radeon RX 6400
GeForce RTX 2050
Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS
GeForce GTX 980M
Quadro M5000M
Radeon RX 6300
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design
Radeon Pro 570
Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti
Quadro M4000M
Radeon R9 280X  380X 
GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design
GeForce MX570
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon 780M
GeForce GTX 960
GeForce GTX 970M
Quadro M4000M *
GeForce GTX 680


Group 4 

Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
Radeon Pro WX 7100
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 1650
Intel Arc A730M
Radeon HD 7970
Radeon R9 M395X
Radeon R9 M485X
Radeon R9 M480 *
Radeon R9 M295X
Radeon R9 M390X *
FirePro W7170M *
Radeon R9 M395
Radeon R7 370
Radeon RX 5500M
GeForce GTX 590
GeForce GTX 880M
GeForce GTX 950
Radeon R9 270X
GeForce GTX 660 Ti
GeForce GTX 760
GeForce GTX 780M
Quadro K5100M
GeForce GTX 680MX
Radeon HD 7870
GeForce GTX 965M
Quadro M3000M *
GeForce GTX 870M
Radeon R9 M290X
Radeon HD 8970M
Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) 
GeForce GTX 580
Radeon HD 6970
GeForce GTX 1050
GeForce GTX 680M
GeForce GTX 775M
GeForce GTX 1630
FirePro M6100
Radeon HD 7970M
Radeon R9 M390 *
GeForce GTX 750 Ti


Group 5

GeForce GTX 570
GeForce GTX 480
GeForce GTX 960M
Quadro M2000M *
Quadro K5000M
Quadro K4100M
GeForce GTX 770M
GeForce GTX 860M
GeForce GTX 675MX
GeForce GTX 950M
GeForce GTX 850M
Quadro M1000M
Radeon R9 M280X
Radeon HD 7950M *
GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Radeon HD 6870
GeForce GTX 470
GeForce GT 1030
GeForce MX330
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 5800HS 
FirePro 3D V8800
GeForce MX250


Group 6

Radeon Pro WX 3200
Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H
Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U
Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U
Radeon Pro WX 4150
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G
Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE
GeForce GTX 485M
FirePro W6150M
Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M470
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U
Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE
Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U
FirePro V7900
Radeon HD 5970
Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G
Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE
Radeon RX 550X
FirePro V8800
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U
GeForce MX150
Quadro K3100M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R7 250X
Intel HD 5600
Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 460
Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U
Quadro K620
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics
Intel Iris Pro P580
Intel UHD Graphics P630
Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5870
Radeon HD 6870
Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 7770
Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U
GeForce GTX 745
Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile
Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U
Quadro M600M
Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U
Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics


Group 7 

GeForce 945M
Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro M5100
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U
GeForce GTX 580M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M385
Quadro 5000M
Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U
Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics
FirePro V7800
Radeon R9 350
Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G
Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U
GeForce GTX 460 SE
Radeon Pro W5500M
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G
Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GT 645
GeForce GTX 765M
Radeon R9 M385X
Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5850
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G
Intel Iris Pro 580
Radeon HD 6850
Intel Iris Xe MAX
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U
Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core
GeForce GTX 470M
Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 670MX
Radeon RX 640
Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3
Radeon R7 450
GeForce GTX 675M
Radeon Pro WX 4130
Intel Iris Xe MAX 100
Quadro 5000
Radeon RX 570X
Radeon HD 7700-serie
Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 8 


Group 8 
 
GeForce MX230
GeForce GTX 765M
Quadro K4000M
Iris Pro Graphics P580 *
Iris Pro Graphics 580 *
GeForce GTX 645
Quadro M520
GeForce GTX 570M
GeForce MX130
Radeon RX 540
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U
Intel UHD Graphics 770
Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE 
Radeon HD 5850
GeForce GTX 675M
GeForce GTX 580M
Radeon HD 6990M
Radeon R9 M385X *
Radeon R9 M470X *
Radeon R9 M470 *
Radeon R9 M385 *
Radeon R9 M380 *
Radeon R9 M370X
Radeon R9 M275
Radeon HD 7770
GeForce GTX 485M
GeForce GTX 460 768MB
Radeon HD 6790
GeForce GTX 285M SLI
Quadro K3100M
FirePro W5170M *
GeForce GTX 670MX
Quadro 5010M
GeForce GTX 760M
GeForce GTX 670M


Group 9 

GeForce 940MX *
Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5)
FirePro M8900
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R9 M270
Radeon HD 8870M
Radeon HD 7870M
Quadro K3000M
GeForce GTX 570M
FirePro M6000
FirePro M5100
Quadro K2100M
Radeon HD 5770
GeForce GTX 550 Ti
GeForce GTX 280M SLI
Radeon HD 6950M
Radeon R7 250
GeForce GT 755M
GeForce GTX 660M
GeForce 845M
Radeon HD 8850M
Radeon R9 M365X
Radeon R9 M265X
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro W5130M *
Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U 
Radeon HD 7850M
Radeon HD 8790M
FirePro W4170M
FirePro W4190M
FirePro W4100
Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U
Quadro 4000M
GeForce GTX 470M
GeForce GTX 480M
GeForce GT 750M
Iris Pro Graphics 6200
Quadro K1100M
GeForce 940M
Radeon R9 M375
GeForce 930MX *
Radeon R7 M380 *
Radeon R7 M370
Quadro M600M *
GeForce GT 650M
Quadro K620M
GeForce 840M
Radeon R7 M275DX
GeForce GT 745M
Radeon HD 7770M
GeForce GTX 560M
Radeon R7 
Iris Pro Graphics 5200
GeForce GT 740M
GeForce 930M
Radeon HD 4850


Group 10

Iris Graphics 550 *
GeForce 830M
Iris Graphics 540
Quadro M500M *
Quadro K2000M
GeForce GTS 450
GeForce GTX 260M SLI
GeForce GT 735M
Mobility Radeon HD 5870
GeForce 825M
Quadro 5000M
FirePro M4000
FirePro M7820
Radeon HD 6870M
GeForce 9800M GTX SLI
Radeon HD 8830M *
Radeon HD 8770M
Radeon R7 M260X
GeForce GTX 460M
GeForce 920MX *
GeForce GT 730M
Radeon HD 7750M
GeForce GT 645M *
FirePro M4100
Radeon HD 8750M
Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G
Quadro 3000M
Radeon R7 M270
Radeon R7 M265
Quadro FX 3800M
GeForce GTX 285M
Mobility Radeon HD 4870
GeForce GT 640M
Radeon R7 (Kaveri)
Radeon R8 M365DX
Radeon R7 M460 *
Radeon HD 7730M
Radeon R7 M360
GeForce GTX 280M
Radeon HD 8690M
Quadro FX 3700M
Radeon R7 M340
GeForce 920M
Radeon R6 M340DX
HD Graphics 530
HD Graphics P530
Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU
Radeon R7 M260
Radeon R6 


Group 11

Mobility Radeon HD 4860
FirePro M7740
Mobility Radeon HD 4850
GeForce GTX 260M
GeForce 9800M GTX
Quadro FX 2800M
Radeon HD 8670D
Radeon HD 7690M XT
FirePro M5950
GeForce GT 640M LE
Radeon R6 (Kaveri)
Radeon HD 8650M *
Radeon HD 8730M
Radeon HD 6770M
GeForce GT 635M
GeForce GT 555M
Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B
Radeon HD 5670
Mobility Radeon HD 5850
Radeon HD 6850M
Quadro 2000M
GeForce 9800M GT
GeForce 8800M GTX
Quadro FX 3600M
GeForce GT 445M
GeForce GTS 360M


Group 12

GeForce GT 240
Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700
Radeon HD 7690M
HD Graphics 5600
Radeon HD 8570D
Radeon HD 8670M
Radeon R6 M255DX
Radeon HD 7660D
Radeon HD 6750M
Quadro K1000M
GeForce GT 550M
Radeon HD 8590M *
GeForce GTS 260M
GeForce GTS 160M
GeForce 9800M GTS
GeForce GT 430
Radeon HD 6830M
Mobility Radeon HD 5830
Radeon HD 6730M *
GeForce 9800M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 4830
Mobility Radeon HD 5770
Radeon HD 6570M
Radeon HD 8650G
Radeon HD 7670M
GeForce GT 630M
Radeon HD 7560D
GeForce GTS 150M *
Radeon R5 M335
Radeon R5 M430 *
Radeon R5 M330
Radeon R5 M255
Radeon Vega 3
Quadro 1000M
GeForce 820M
FirePro W2100
HD Graphics 520 620 
Iris Graphics 6100


GeForce GT 720M
GeForce 8800M GTS
Radeon R5 M240
Radeon R5 M320 *
Radeon R5 M230
Radeon R5 M315 *
Mobility Radeon HD 5750 *
Radeon HD 8570M
Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B
HD Graphics 6000
Quadro K610M
Radeon HD 8550M
Iris Graphics 5100
GeForce GT 540M
Mali-T880 MP12 *
Radeon HD 8610G *
Radeon HD 6650M
HD Graphics 4600
Mobility Radeon HD 5730
HD Graphics 5500
Radeon R5 (Carrizo) *
Radeon R5 (Kaveri)
FirePro M5800
NVS 5400M
GeForce 710M
Radeon HD 7660G
GeForce GT 435M
HD Graphics 5000


Quadro K510M *
Radeon HD 5570
Radeon HD 6550M
Radeon HD 7590M *
GeForce GTS 350M
GeForce GTS 250M
Radeon HD 6630M
Radeon HD 7650M
FirePro M2000
Radeon HD 7570M
Radeon HD 7630M
Quadro FX 1800M
Mobility Radeon HD 5650
Radeon HD 8510G *
Radeon HD 6530M
Radeon HD 8550G
Quadro K500M *
GeForce GT 625M *
GeForce GT 620M
GeForce GT 525M
Radeon HD 6550D *
Radeon HD 7610M
Radeon HD 7620G
Radeon HD 8470D
Radeon HD 7640G
Adreno 530
GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU)
HD Graphics 4400
HD Graphics 510 515 *


NVS 5200M
Mobility Radeon HD 565v
Radeon HD 7550M
Mobility Radeon HD 4670
GeForce GT 425M
GeForce 9700M GTS
Radeon HD 6645G2 *
Quadro FX 2700M
GeForce GT 335M
Radeon HD 7600G
Mobility Radeon HD 3870
Mobility Radeon HD 4650
GeForce GT 220
GeForce GT 420M
Radeon HD 7530M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3850
GeForce GT 330M
Quadro FX 880M
Quadro NVS 5100M
GeForce GT 240M
Radeon HD 7490M *
HD Graphics 5300
Radeon HD 7510M *
GeForce Go 7950 GTX
Quadro FX 3500M
GeForce 8700M GT SLI
GeForce 9700M GT
GeForce GT 230M
Mobility Radeon HD 550v
Radeon HD 7480D
HD Graphics 4000
Mali-T760 MP8
Radeon HD 6620G
HD Graphics (Broadwell) *
Adreno 430
Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L)
Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri)
HD Graphics (Skylake) *


Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5
Radeon HD 7500G
Radeon HD 8450G
Radeon HD 7470M
Radeon HD 6490M
Radeon HD 8400
Mali-T880 MP4
GeForce GT 520MX
Radeon HD 7520G
GeForce GT 325M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI
GeForce 8600M GT SLI
GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI
GeForce GT 130M
NVS 4200M
GeForce Go 7900 GTX
Quadro FX 2500M
Radeon HD 8350G
Radeon HD 8330
GeForce 9650M GS
GeForce 9650M GT
Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema)
GeForce 8700M GT
Quadro FX 1700M
Quadro FX 1600M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX
GeForce Go 7900 GS
Quadro NVS 320M
Quadro FX 1500M
GeForce 9600M GT
GeForce GT 220M
Quadro FX 770M
GeForce GT 120M
Radeon HD 7450M
GeForce 610M
GeForce 705M
Mali-T760 MP6
Radeon HD 6470M
FirePro M3900 *
GeForce GT 520M
Radeon HD 7420G
Mobility Radeon HD 3670
Mobility FireGL V5725
PowerVR GX6450
Adreno 420
HD Graphics (Haswell)


Radeon HD 6520G
Radeon HD 8310G *
GeForce 320M
GeForce GT 320M
Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT
Mobility Radeon X1900
Mobility Radeon X1800XT
Mobility Radeon X1800
GeForce Go 6800 Ultra
GeForce Go 7800
GeForce 9600M GS
GeForce 9500M GS
Radeon HD 7400G
Radeon HD 6480G *
Mobility Radeon HD 2700
GeForce GT 415M
GeForce 410M
Radeon HD 7370M
Adreno 418
HD Graphics (Cherry Trail)
Radeon HD 6370M
Radeon HD 8280
Mobility Radeon HD 5470
Radeon HD 6450M
Radeon HD 7430M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3650
Mobility FireGL V5700
Mobility Radeon HD 5145
Mobility Radeon HD 545v
Radeon R6 (Mullins) *
Radeon HD 8240
Radeon HD 8250
Mobility Radeon HD 4570
Quadro FX 570M
Mobility Radeon HD 5450 *
Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) *
GeForce 8600M GT
Mobility Radeon HD 2600
HD Graphics 3000
Quadro FX 380M
GeForce 310M
GeForce G210M
NVS 3100M
GeForce 405M
GeForce 315M
GeForce Go 7600 GT
GeForce 9500M G
GeForce 8600M GS
NVS 2100M
GeForce Go 7700
GeForce Go 6800
Quadro FX Go 1400
Mobility Radeon X800XT
Radeon HD 6430M *
Radeon HD 6380G *
Mobility Radeon HD 5430
Radeon HD 8210
Mobility Radeon HD 540v
Mobility Radeon HD 4550
HD Graphics 2500
HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge)


Quadro NVS 310 
Radeon HD 7350M *
Radeon HD 6350M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4530
Mobility Radeon HD 4350
Radeon HD 4350
GeForce 305M
Mobility Radeon X1700
Mobility FireGL V5250
Mobility Radeon X2500
GeForce Go 7600
Quadro NVS 300M
Mobility Radeon X800
Mobility Radeon X1600
Mobility FireGL V5200
Mobility Radeon 9800
GeForce Go 6600
Mobility Radeon X1450
Mobility Radeon X700
Mobility FireGL V5000
GeForce G 110M
Quadro NVS 295 
Radeon HD 6330M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4330
GeForce 8400M GT
Quadro NVS 140M
HD Graphics 2000
GeForce 9500M GE *
GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE)
HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) *


Adreno 330
PowerVR G6430
PowerVR GX6250
PowerVR G6400
HD Graphics (Bay Trail)
Mali-T628 MP6
Mali-T760 MP4
Chrome9HD *
Radeon HD 7340
Radeon HD 6320 *
Radeon HD 7310
Radeon HD 6310 *
Radeon HD 8180
Mobility Radeon HD 3470
GeForce 9300M G
ION 2 *
GeForce 9300M GS
Quadro FX 370M
Quadro NVS 160M
GeForce 9200M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Mobility Radeon HD 3430
Mobility Radeon HD 3410
Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT
Radeon HD 4270
Radeon HD 4250
Radeon HD 7290 *
Radeon HD 6290 *
Radeon HD 4200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics
Radeon HD 6250


Quadro NVS 150M
Quadro FX 360M
Mobility Radeon X1350
Mobility Radeon X1400
GeForce 9100M G
GeForce 8400M GS
Quadro NVS 135M
Mobility Radeon HD 2400
Radeon HD 3200
Radeon HD 4225 *
Radeon HD 4100 *
SGX554MP4
Mali-T628 MP4
Mobility Radeon HD 3400 *
Radeon HD 3100
GeForce 8400M G
Mali-T860 MP2
Quadro NVS 130M
GeForce 8200M G
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M
Mali-T604 MP4
GeForce Go 7400
Quadro FX 350M
Quadro NVS 120M
GeForce Go 7300
GeForce Tegra 4 *
PowerVR G6200
Adreno 405 *
Quadro NVS 110M
Mobility Radeon X600
Mobility FireGL V3200
Mobility FireGL V3100
Mobility Radeon HD X2300
Mobility Radeon 9700


Mobility FireGL T2e
Mobility Radeon X1300
GeForce4 4200 Go
Mobility Radeon 9600
Mobility FireGL T2
Mobility Radeon 9550
GeForce Go 7200
GeForce Go 6400
Mobility Radeon X300
GeForce Go 6250
GeForce Go 6200
GeForce FX Go 5700
Quadro FX Go 1000
GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650
Radeon Xpress X1270
Radeon Xpress X1250
Radeon Xpress X1200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100
Mali-T624
Adreno 320 *
Mali-T760 MP2
Mali-T720 MP4
Mali-450 MP4
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 *
GeForce 7190M *
GeForce 7150M
Radeon Xpress 1150
GeForce Go 6150
GeForce Go 6100
GeForce 7000M
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 *
Mobility Radeon 9200
Mobility FireGL 9000
GeForce FX Go 5200
Mobility Radeon 9000
GeForce 4 488 Go
GeForce 4 460 Go
GeForce 4 440 Go
GeForce 4 420 Go
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 
SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 *
Mali-T720 MP2
Mali-T720
Adreno 302 304 305 306
Mobility Radeon 7500
Mobility FireGL 7800
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 


Radeon Xpress 200M
Radeon Xpress 1100
Mirage 3+ 672MX
Mirage 3 671MX
Mali-400 MP4 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) *
VideoCore-IV *
Adreno 220 225*
Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core
Mali-400 MP2 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 *
SGX540 *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500
Adreno 205 *
Adreno 203 *
GC800 *
SGX535
SGX531
SGX530
Adreno 200 *
Mali-200 *
GeForce 3 Go *
GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100
Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP
Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP
Mobility Radeon M7
Mobility Radeon M6
Chrome9 HC
Extreme Graphics 2
Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP
Radeon IGP 340M
Radeon IGP 320M
S3G UniChrome Pro II
S3G UniChrome Pro
Castle Rock
Mirage 2 M760
Mirage M661FX
S3 Graphics ProSavage8
Mobility 128 M3
SM502 *
&lt;/pre&gt;


Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need...

DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a &quot;vendor-neutral&quot; portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. 

&quot;let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!&quot; - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. 

There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). 

Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. 

Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA &amp; AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD &amp; Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. 


So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like:

* AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (radeonsi)  
* AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (r600g) -&gt; games/apps/etc.
* NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (nouveau) -&gt; games/apps.
* Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (i945) -&gt; games/apps.


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=30%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Fudomi GC888A
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 100in throw projector 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vamvo VF320 (720P) 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Happrun H1 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 100in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Zentality A10 Plus 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 110in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nexigo nova mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nebula mars 3 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;dangbei freedo 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;benq gv50 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. 
AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. 


Bluetooth is similarly unlikely to be ever supported due to huge cost to be certified. 


No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed.</text>
      <sha1>fe2e7dt4n1auo16k6pez8f4w1n4gk50</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641752</id>
      <parentid>4641751</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T21:11:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641752</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="228460" sha1="q6c3iyu47rfn9ui685gkdffor8d5hmr" xml:space="preserve">Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], 

{{ArosNav}}


[[#Audio Chipsets]]

[[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]]

[[#Rough gfx comparison]]

[[#]]


==x86 Native Environment==


AROS should run on almost any i386 PC hardware so long as the CPU is newer than an i486, and has a &quot;Floating Point Unit (FPU)&quot;. Ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. 


Motherboards supported 
* Most Intel mobos are supported (Skt 775 is ok but newer is better) - additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc 
* AMD based socket 939 am2 am2+ am3+, fusion and am4 ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed 


Supported graphics cards (gfx) 
* Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2017. 
64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs and higher to GTX 900s and '''3D''' from . 
32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT through to fermi gtx5xx and  '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx. 
* Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009. 
'''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards 
* AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2005. 
Desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600. Experimental 2D version for up to HD3xxx came later 
* VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. 

 It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. 


Sound wise there are 

* HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) 
* some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) 


* PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards 
* PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] 
* PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards 
* PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 


Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc 
* PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 
* PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100
* PCI intel pro100
* Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 
* VIA 10/100 
* 3com Etherlink 10/100 
* Realtek rtl8029 10mbit 


Wireless wifi 
* atheros 5000 wireless 
*realtek 8187 usb 


It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. 

* mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot
* micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. 
* full atx will have more slots available 

'''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. 

Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. 


The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World]


: Brief Timeline

: 2000-12-06 HIDD  first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz])
: 2001-03-31 BOOT  first boot from floppy disk with IDE device 
: 2001-10-30 BOOT  first cd bootable version
: 2002-01-27 HIDD  first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz)
: 2002-04-13 BOOT  software HDToolBox added ()
: 2003-04-03 HIDD  vesa2.hidd graphic modes added ()
: 2004-03-08 HIDD  new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz)
: 2004-03-17 HIDD  nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-01-05 AHI   AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom)
: 2005-01-06 AHI   SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger)
: 2005-02-04 AHI   AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) 
: 2005-06-27 NIC   amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2005-08-25 NIC   nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-12-24 NIC   Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2006-03-25 HIDD  ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz)
: 2007-03-06 HIDD  vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) 
: 2007-03-08 HIDD  dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) 
: 2007-03-21 HIDD  usb initial commit (Michal Schulz)


: 2007-10-01 BOOT  Installer added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2007-11-29 PORT  64bit x86 added  (Michal Schulz) 
: 2008-04-12 BOOT  GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews)
: 2008-08-26 NIC   RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) 
: 2008-10-22 PORT  to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz)
: 2009-02-25 PORT  to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) 
: 2009-05-18 HIDD  poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) 
: 2009-11-18 NIC   RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet])
: 2009-12-23 AHI   HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler)
: 2010-03-09 BOOT  USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2010-05-26 HIDD  Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz)
: 2010-09-03 NIC   Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2011-04-30 HIDD  Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support (Deadwood) 
: 2011-08-30 HIDD  Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft)
: 2011-09-17 NIC   Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2011-12-09 HIDD  Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) 


: 2013-02-25 AHI   AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2013-03-31 PORT  early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) 
: 2014-01-16 AHI   Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2017-02-17 PORT  Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz)
: 2018-10-20 PORT  Big Endian ARM 
: 2021-11-26 NIC   Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2023-01-12 NIC   Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2025-11    HIDD  xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews)


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Audio Chipsets===

'''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' 


====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI====

*2021 5.27 

as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. 

The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). 

Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
|
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1370 (u?)   AK4531 (u?)
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
| 0x00
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
|
|-
| CT4700  Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5000
| 0x7c
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works -  opamp JRC4565(u?)  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) 
|-
| CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4565-1056W (u1)  stac9708t(u2)  [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3)  24wc012 (u4) 
|-
| CT4751 (SB128PCI) 
| 0x1274
| 0x8001
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) 
|-
| CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V
| 0x1274 
| 0x1371 
| 0x06
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4812 (Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4813 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4815 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). 
|-
| CT5801 HP 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5803 Gateway 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works  4565-0005b jrc (u1)    4297a-jq ztae0c0002  (u2)    es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT4740
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 
|-
| CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7  
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5806  (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?)  ZTAPWC9933 (u2)   es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1373 (u?) 
|-
| CT5808
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938
| 0x1102
| 0x8938
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT5880 on various motherboards 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5880 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, 
|-
| VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x02
| {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;pre&gt;
Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A  
Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B  

Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A  
Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C  
Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D  
Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E  

Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B  
Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A  
Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8  
&lt;/pre&gt;


====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio====

*2021 5.10 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686B KT133A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x50
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM333 KT333 with VT8235 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x30
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x40 0x50 0x60 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy====

*2021 6.5

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1)
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested (1st Gen)
|-
| Live CT4620 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested             
|-
| Live CT4760 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| playback works
|-
| Live Value CT4670 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| works plays stereo (2nd Gen)
|-
| Live Value DELL CT4780 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x06
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode
|-
| Live Value Compaq CT4830 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| not working 
|-
| Live Value CT4831 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{partial|Line-In only}}
| works
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x08
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works
|-
| Live Value HP CT4870 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| Works
|-
| Live Value Gateway CT4871 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen)
|-
| Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Live 5.1 Player SB0220 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1
|-
| Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| working 
|-
| Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2)
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Audigy SB0230 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1102
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0004
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x03
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Mic only}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested)
|-
| Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx
| 0x1102 
| 0x0006 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| 
|-
| Live 24bit SB0410 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Live 24bit DELL SB0413 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy LS SB0310 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570
| 0x1102
| 0x0007
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO)
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 PRO SB0380
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 
| 0x1102 
| 0x000
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver but linux support needs firmware 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out 
the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 


====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media====

*2021 5.20 

;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Audiotrak MAYA EX5 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| cmi8738-sx 4ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested
|-
| e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EDio SC3000D 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{no}}
| 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec 5.1 PCI 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| Has SPDIF
|-
| Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| XSonic CMI 8738 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision 
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x13f6
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0111
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Chinese based card with playback tested so far 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2001-2005 ac97.audio====

*6.4 27-12-2008 


The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns 

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 

The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC200 and ALC201 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC201A and ALC202  and ALC202A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC650 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC850 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Acorp 7NFU400 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8080
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x24c5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881 SoundMAX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Analog Devices first AC97 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1885 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1886 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1887 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ADI AD1888 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 1.51
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1981A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM X30 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1985 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1986 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM T23
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x103c
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3085 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI 6501 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9738
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9739
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI 9739A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;STAC9708T codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VIA VT1612, VT82C686
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1968
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1978
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1988
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x12
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ymf-753 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451
| 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) 
| 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX)
| 0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| no support - introduced early 2000s
|-
| SIS 7012 
| 0x1039
| 0x7012
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM9717 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Parallels 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| VirtualBox
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working
|-
| VirtualPC
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel 82801AA Proxmox 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio====

*6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] 
*6.35 202  [] 
*6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards 
*6.29 2018 
*6.27 2017 update
*6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x 
*6.20 July 2012 
*6.17 Nov 2011 
*6.15 Jun 2011
*[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=109 6.13] Sep 2010


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC260 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC262 
* ALC262-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC268 codec
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. 
|-
| [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] 
* ALC269Q-GR
* ALC269QSRS-GR
* ALC269W-GR 
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 &amp; co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] 
|-
| [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] 
* ALC269Q-VB5-GR 
* ALC269Q-VB6-CG 
* ALC269Q-VB6-GR 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, 
* v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13
* v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 
|-
| [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202]
* ALC269Q-VC2-GR
* ALC269Q-VC3-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100203, 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;SMT SMD QFN-48 - 
* v1 unknown
* v2 unknown
* v3 x230, dell wyse, 
|-
| ALC272 
* ALC272-VA4-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0272
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC273 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC270 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC282 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;needs retest 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC660 ALC660-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* works asus F9s, F9e 
* untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC661-GR (2011) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC662 
| 0x1043
| 0x82a1
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}}
| 
* works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663]  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0861
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.13}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance 
* not working Asus n50vn x71vn, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC665 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC666 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC667
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC668 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC880 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;some 915 and 925 chipset mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC882M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some early versions work }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), 
|-
| Codec ALC885 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0885
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888s
* ALC888S-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC888b
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo),  
|-
| ALC888-VD
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested 
|-
| ALC889A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 Gr
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} with crackles 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Tested with MSI H55 board 
|-
| ALC887 ALC887-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 
|-
| ALC887-VD-CG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 
| 
|-
| ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887 0x1458
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} index = 2 
| ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead 
* working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), 
* not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, 
|-
| ALC887-VD2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 3jacks 
|-
| ALC887-VD2-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC887-
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC892-CG rev
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - 
|-
| ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 2009 introduced 
* works 
* not working 
* untested 
|-
| ALC892 rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0892
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2014 
|-
| Realtek ALC886-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD 
| 0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0663
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
* not working Toshiba Tecra A7 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC898 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3232 (aka ALC292) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0292
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3234 aka ALC255 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0255 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;003
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3287 aka ALC257
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1882 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1883 HD Codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1884 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| IBM Thinkpad T60, 
|-
| AD1984 hp-m4 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, 
|-
| AD1986 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| AD1988
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1988A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4207
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4208 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|very very very low volume}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549-12Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested HP 530 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20561 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working lenovo x200s
* untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20582 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20585 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20672 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20671 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20751-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11852 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11880 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Silicon Labs 3054 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VIA 1708A
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested, 
|-
| VIA VT1708B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| 0x0010
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|VIA PicoITX}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| VIA 1708S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}  
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VT2021 10ch
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Creative CA0110-IBG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), 
|-
| IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works HP Compaq mini 110
* untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, 
|-
| IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel D5400XS, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD73C
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD75B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x111d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7608
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required]
* untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD81XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD83XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 92HD89XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM8860 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. 

 Output &lt;- Codec &lt;- Audio Controller (HDA) &lt;-&gt; Computer 

codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a &quot;codec&quot;. Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. 

Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 

 Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. 


Things to try if sound not working 

* try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa 
* make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... 
* even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters 
* it might be internally muted 


&lt;pre&gt;
add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Bifteck &gt; RAM:audio.txt
&lt;/pre&gt;

or 

&lt;pre&gt;
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; RAM:audio.txt
Run ahi prefs
Click test tone button 
Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add &quot;debug=memory&quot; to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. 

or 

* try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line 
* '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file 
* Reboot
* open a shell
* type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi &gt; ram:debug.txt
* open ahi prefs
* select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise 
* press the 'test sound' button
* press ctrl-c in the shell
* post the results to Aros-World


The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. 

HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs 


====Envy24 series ====

A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). 

There are PCI Express versions appearing. 

The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards.

N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. 


=====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Playback
! Recording
! Comments
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| works audio out on   - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001  2001 REV-B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B  or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps 
* be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues 
|-
| M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;M-Audio Delta DiO 2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Terratec EWX24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1412
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1712
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| untested  - AKM  and codec
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWSA88MT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1212M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1616M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Value
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
    Event Electronics EZ8
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Digigram VX442
    Lionstracs
    Mediastation
    Terrasoniq TS 88
    Roland/Edirol DA-2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


=====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ESI Juli@
| 0x3031
| 0x4553
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K 
| 0x3031
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3631
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192
| 0x1412
| 0x3630 0x1724 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1147
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - discontinued 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] 
| 0x153b
| 0x1145
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - semaphore error on rev 3 -  DAC    ADC  
|-
| Terratec Phase 22
| 0x153b
| 0x1150
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| Terratec Phase 28
| 0x153b
| 0x1149 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Playback 
| Recording
| Revision 
| Comments
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1
| 0x4933
| 0x4553
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT
| 0x3132
| 0x4154
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - STAC9460S codec 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Echo Layla 24/96 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3632
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ONKYO SE-150PCI
| 0x160b
| 0x0001
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESI Waveterminal 192x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quartet 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9840 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Not detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVidia HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Graphic GFX Chipsets===

[https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. 

AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets 
* Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, 
* Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, 

The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 


2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench &gt; out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 


3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], 


HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up 

&lt;pre&gt;
HDMI (licensing fee)
1.2 720p res. 
1.3 1080 resolution 
1.4  4K @ 30Hz
2.0  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 
2.2 ultra96 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 

1.4  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
GPMI chinese standard 

2.0

&lt;/pre&gt;


*OpenGL4 must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support. The last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) on [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] and Nvidia RTX might come to AROS) but Intel UHD, Iris Plus or Xe or Arc will not unless a developer wants the challenge - [https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.0.html#mesa-20-0-0-release-notes-2020-02-19 Mesa 20.0.0] implements the OpenGL 4.6 API, but the version reported by glGetString(GL_VERSION) or glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION) / glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION) depends on the particular driver being used and may report a lower version depending on each driver. Mesa 20.0.0 implements the Vulkan 1.2 API, but the version reported by the apiVersion property of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties struct depends on the particular driver being used. 
*OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) 

*OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau on Aros 32bit, 
*OpenGL1 intel gma950 on Aros 32bit and 64bit, 


====vga.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====vesa.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour -  no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]====

DVI output is not supported at the moment. 

If having problems:

* Ensure the latest version is being used. 
* Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test 
* Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon.

If still having problems:

* At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory
* Boot.
* Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck &gt; RAM:debug.txt
* And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;3%&quot; |Rev
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Laptop LCD
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work 
|-
| 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GL 82915GL GMCH 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GV 82915GV GMCH
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| HP DC5100 small form factor 
|-
| 915GM GMA900
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel  gearbox  }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| asus eee pc 900 
|-
| 915GMS 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel   }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) 
| 0x8086
| 0x2772
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, 
|-
| 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27a2
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| Dell D430 
|-
| 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27ae
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No|dvi port}}
| {{Yes| }}
| for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks
* 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, 
|-
| 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945GC 82945GC MCH
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945PM 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, 
|-
| 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|most models}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| 
* 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, 
* 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400,  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GMA 3100 G31 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| GMA 3100 G33 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; G965
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; Q965 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2992
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Only tested with VGA output.
|-
| 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output 
* untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, 
|-
| 960GM X3100 (400 MHz)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| 965M X3100 (400 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Dell D830, 
|-
| 965PM ??
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GL965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GM965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GMA X3500 G35 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42 0x2a43
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x07
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt; {{Yes| VESA}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====[http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)====

 PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS 

*Desktop, more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia on Aros 32bit but on Aros 64bit ...
*Laptop, limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations on 32bit but on 64bit ...) 

Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc

* 202
* 2026-07 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   20.0 Mesa OpenCL
* 2011-10 - DEVS  6.11 Nouveau.hidd  7.4 Gallium.hidd  9.4 Softpipe - LIBS  2.3 Gallium  1.3 GLU  19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x 
* 2011-04 - DEVS  5.31 Nouveau.hidd  7.3 Gallium.hidd  9.3 Softpipe - LIBS  2.2 Gallium  1.1 GLU  18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a


Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ...
 On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) 
 On Aros 64bit 

ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the &quot;`&quot; key and type &quot;Timedemo demo1&quot; in the console 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|-
| NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  
|-
| Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) 9600GT ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA3 (GT215) GT240 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) gt210 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) ION2 || 38,4 || 53,9 || 61,7 || Not Detected || Not Detected || Not Detected 
|-
| NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE0 Kepler GT630 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  || 
|-
| NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV126 (GM206) GTX950 upwards no reclocking || N/A || N/A || N/A || poor || poor || poor
|-
| NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware  || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown  
|-
| HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|very slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt vanta lt (nv06)  1998 /9
| 0x10de
| 0x002c
| 0x15
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| untested Geforce256 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003)
| 0x10DE
| 0x0322 0x
| 0xA1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|  }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 
* not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&amp;page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] 
* working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver 
* Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD 
|-
| Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| Geforce 5100 (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5200 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600SE
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700VE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700LE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 (NV30)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900ZT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5950 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 5xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F3 0x014F 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| use 5.28}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1  needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006)
| 0x
| 0x0221
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2
* not working 
*working
|-
| GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) 
| 0x
| 0x0161
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) 
| 0x
| 0x0162
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 6200 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x0163
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| PCI-E 
|-
| GeForce 6600 LE
| 0x
| 0x00F4 0x0142 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 
| 0x
| 0x00F2 0x0141
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX
|-
| Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F1 0x0140
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  OpenGL tests - 
|-
| Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x)
| 0x
| 0x0043 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 LE 
| 0x
| 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400)
| 0x
| 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800 GS
| 0x
| 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 
| 0x
| 0x0040 0x0F9 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800XT
| 0x
| 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 VE  
| 0x
| 0x0143
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6500 NV44 
| 0x
| 0x0160 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6250 
| 0x
| 0x0169 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 7800 GTX 
| 0x
| 0x0090 0x0091 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel  gearbox  cube  cube2 25}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - 
* not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - 
* Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports 
* Untested 
|-
| GeForce 7800 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0092
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x02E0 0x0391
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 2.1 
* not working 
* working 
|-
| GeForce 7800 SLI  
| 0x
| 0x0095 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GTX  
| 0x
| 0x0290
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GT GTO  
| 0x
| 0x0291
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0292
| 0x0a1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 
|-
| GeForce 7950 GX2  
| 0x10de
| 0x0293 0x0294
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7950 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0295 0x02E4
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x
| 0x02E3
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x02E1 0x0392
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7650 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0390
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0394 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0093 0x00F5 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 
|-
| GeForce 7100 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x016A
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7350 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) 
| 0x10de 
| 0x01D3
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - 
* not working Asus on via chipset (2015), 
* works Asus on intel chipset (2015), 
|-
| Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0395 0x0393
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 7300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DF 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7500 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DD
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7xxx 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0194
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration 
|-
| Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 200w openGL3  openCL - 2x6pin psu 
* not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, 
* works 
|-
| Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, 
* not working 
* working 
* untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;DVI up to 2500 x 1600
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required
* not working 
* untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT (G92)
| 0x10de
| 0x0611 
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]]
|-
| Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0401 0x0402 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8500 GT G86 based chipset 
| 0x10de
| 0x0421
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL tests - max opengl 3.x but 2.1 offered on Aros 32bit and 
* works Gigabyte 8500 GT, 
* not working 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GS 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0606 0x060D 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| GeForce 8600GS 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B  
|-
| GeForce 8300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0423
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007)    GT218 (2009)
* Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. 
* Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0424 0x0422 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works digital part of DVI but nothing from any display port}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output, supporting up to one 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G98 VP3 pci-e 2.0 512MB DDR2 - 
* not working 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007)
* Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. 
| 0x10de
| 0x0404 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output up to 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G86 VP2 128MB - 
* not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, 
|-
| GeForce 8400 SE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0420
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 2.x openCL 
|-
| NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 socket}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - 
|-
| Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA 2d}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0604
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 150w - 65nm technology 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX 
| 0x10de
| 0x0612
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 2x6pin psu - 
* not working xfx on via chipset (2015),  
* works xfx on chipset intel , 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX+ 
| 0x10de
| 0x0613
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* works on a few models 
|-
| Geforce 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0614
| 0x0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 495  gearbox 513  Cube 156  Cube2 120   Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.1  openCL 1.x - case dual slot - 600w 26amp on both 12v rails for 2x6pin psu on gfx card - no fan control - some come with 1x6pin - renamed version of the venerable GeForce 8800 GT - randomly works 
* not working Gainward 512M untested 
* working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) 
|-
| Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0622
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 493  gearbox 675  Cube  Cube2 100  Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - 
* not working  bfg tech ocx, 
* works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i -
|-
| Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0640
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel 480  gearbox 500  Cube  Cube2 64  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.2 - case single slot - 350 Watt/400 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 18 Amp/22 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - 
* not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, 
* works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2,  
|-
| GeForce 9600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x0623
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working  
* works 
|-
| GeForce 9600 GSO 
| 0x
| 0x0610
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - 
|-
| GeForce 9300 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x06E1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9400 GT  (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9xxx   (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro FX 580 G96 chipset 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
NV84 (G84) 	GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, 
NV92 (G92) 	GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX)
GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX)
NV96 (G96) 	GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), 
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA0 (GT200) Tesla GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E1
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or &quot;VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 260
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|Vesa}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - 
|-
| Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009)  
| 0x10de
| 0x0615
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 486  gearbox 508-642  Cube   Cube2 80   Quake3 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - 
* not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - 
* works  PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ca3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;late 2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - All are pcie 2.1 cards and may not work in 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 with 512MB or 1GB - 
* DDR5 -Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT220 (GT216) G220 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a20
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 2.0.3 GeForce GT220 1GB[[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]]
* untested NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, 
|-
| Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b)
| 0x10de
| 0x0a20
| 0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI but not 1x HDMI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - 
* not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - 
* works  - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a65
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 31W OpenGL 3.3  pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - 
* working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - 
* untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, 
* not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia ION2 9400M class (GT218) Tesla 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3), NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - 
*not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 50w OpenGL 3.3  openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; 2 dp 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; GTX 470, GTX 480   GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1  Tessellation - case dual slots - 
|-
| Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 
| 0x10de
| 0x0e22
| 0xa1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel  gearbox  cube 055-111   cube2 50}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVC0 family (Fermi) OpenGL 4.x but  - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR
* works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0e23
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x91 or 0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; nouveau 6.11 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - 
|-
| Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106  
| 0x10de
| 0x0dc4
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel  gearbox  cube   cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI  }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  2010 Hardware OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau at 3.3  - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, 
* GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, 
* works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* OEM 
* GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5
* GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT430 430GT (GF108) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy await new revision of driver
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 590   Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 580, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 5&quot; or &quot;VP5&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160  H.264 decode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 570, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works gigabyte, evga 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, 
* Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit 
* Ti 256bit 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 560 Ti  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 550 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1201
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA  Doom   Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - 
* untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) -  - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 545 and OEM GF116 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT530 OEM 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT520 520GT  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;510, GT 530    
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; ddr 3 - 50w max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT610 Fermi GF119 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 315 300 GF119S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT630 GF108 Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not accelerated 2015 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 
* not working Gigabyte 
* DDR3
* GDDR5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 730 (two versions) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 
* not working Asus 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 4000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 5000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 780    GeForce GTX 780 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 6&quot; or &quot;VP6&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 770 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 740
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 730 Kepler (two versions) f
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 670
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti GK104 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu 
* not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 640
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
* 128bit DDR3
* 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W 
* 128bit GDDR5 75W 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 620 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2000 NVE7 (GK107) Kepler 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 - 50w single slot pcie 2.0 - like 740gs - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K4200 GK104 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 4Gb GDDR5 - 108W 1 6pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K420 1GB DDR3 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 41W - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 750ti, GeForce 900 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia GTX 750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1381
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 and tested in 2026 with nouveau test 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2200 (GM107) Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 - 68w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K620 Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 50w slim low profile 2gb ddr3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GM based later Maxwells probably little support 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7&quot; or &quot;VP7&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX (1070, 1080)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support up to OpenGL 4.6 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 50w slim low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce gtx 1060, GeForce 1070
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 Pascal 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 family (Pascal)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018  needs gsp firmware and latest nouveau version 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1650ti super 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 old style 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 av1 decoding ampere 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 NV170 family (Ampere) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090 ada 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce RTX 5090 blackwell GB202 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}

==== nouveau mobile integrated ====


 If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| GeForce 6100 nForce 405 
| 0x
| 0x03D1 0x0242
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 420 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0241
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 
| 0x
| 0x03D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0240
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0531
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0533
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x053A 0x053B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a
| 0x
| 0x053E
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No| }}
| some support on some chipsets 
|-
| GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73)   
| 0x10de
| 0x07e1
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) 
| 0x
| 0x084F
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce 8100P 
| 0x
| 0x0847
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 780a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 750a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084D
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;works 
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9400 (ION) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x087d
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;If AROS detects GPU chipset, works sometimes 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9700M ()
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce ION 2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works well 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0244
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0247
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0164 0x0167
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0166 0x0168
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Sony Laptop
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 Ultra 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C9
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0144
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0146
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0148
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0149
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D6
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7300 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D7
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D8 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;works 2D and 3d issues though 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x098
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0099
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7950 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0297
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GS 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0298
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0299
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0398
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0399
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6610 XL
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0145
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6700 XL 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0147
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8700M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0409
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0425
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0426
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0427
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0428
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0609
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x060C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0405
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0407
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9650M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0408
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042E
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9100M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0844
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0628
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9700M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062A
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0647
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0648
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0649
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x064B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9200M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600)
Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV84 (G84) Tesla 8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS
Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G
Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290)
GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV96 (G96)  9650M GT, 9700M GT
GeForce G 102M, GT 120
Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M)
NV98 (G98) 	GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS)
GeForce G 100, G 105M
Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450)
Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA3 (GT215) 	GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M
NVA5 (GT216) 	GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315
Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA8 (GT218) Tesla GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 210M, 305M, 310M, Quadro FX 380M, NVS 2100M, 3100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) 	GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G
NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) 	ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAF (MCP89) 	GeForce 320M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC0 (GF100) Fermi GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 5000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC1 (GF108) GeForce GT 415M, 420M, 425M, 435M, 520M, 525M, 540M, 550M, 555M, 630M, 635M, 640M LE, Quadro 1000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC3 (GF106) Fermi GeForce GT 445M, 555M, 630M, 635M), GTX 460M, Quadro 2000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC4 (GF104) GeForce GTX 470M, 485M, Quadro 5000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVCE (GF114) GeForce GTX 570M, 580M, 670M, 675M,  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD7 (GF117) Fermi Geforce GT 620M, 625M, (some) 630M, 710M, 720M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD9 (GF119) Fermi GeForce 410M, GT 520M, 520MX, 610M, Quadro NVS 4200M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE4 (GK104) GeForce GTX 670M, 680M, 775M, 780M, 860M, Quadro K3000M, K3100M, K4000M, K4100M, K5000M, K5100M, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE7 (GK107) GeForce GT640M, 645M, 650M, 710M, 720M, 730M, 740M, 745M, 750M, 755M, GTX 660M, K500M, K1000M, K1100M, K2000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 1650 mobile
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2050 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 4060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====radeon.hidd====

Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1  

3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets

&lt;pre&gt;
2014 SI        AMD HD 7xxx 
2016 GCN3rd    AMD R5E R7E 
2019 GCN5th    AMD Vega 8  
2022 RDNA1     AMD RX5500 desktop only 
2023 RDNA2     AMD 680M 780M 
2024 RDNA3     AMD 880M 890M
2025 RDNA3.5   AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 
2027 RDNA4     AMD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! 2D
! 3D
! Analogue Output
! Digital Output
! Laptop LCD
! Comments
|-
| 7000 (r100)
| 0x1002
| 0x5159 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x5157 
| 0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 8000 8500 (r200) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x514c (8500LE)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| 9000 9100 9250 (r200)
| 0x1002
| 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100)
| 0x0001
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| 9600 9800 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x300 x600 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420])
| 0x
| 0x554d (R430 x800xl)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) 
|-
| x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture 
|-
| HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 
|-
| HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700])
| 0x1002
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 - DDR3 -  GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - 
|-
| HD6900 cayman series 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - 
|-
| HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 openCL  - GDDR5  
|-
| HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - 
|-
| HD6450  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - DDR3 - 
|-
| HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670  
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - 
Radeon HD 8470 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 8350 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 7510 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6550D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6530D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6410D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6370D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6320 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6310 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6290 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6250 	11 	TeraScale 2
|-
| HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7450-HD7670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan 
Radeon HD 7660D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7560D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7540D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7480D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 6930 	11 	TeraScale 3
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands]
*AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT	
*AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde	
*AMD Radeon R9 255	 Cape Verde PRX	
*AMD Radeon HD 7750  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon R7 250E	 Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 8740  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 7730	 Cape Verde LE
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 430, FirePro W2100, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260  260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 Fury Nano 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL  openCL vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro WX 9100, x200 Series and Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 7900/7600 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700/6600/6500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


==== amd radeon mobile integrated ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x00
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 7500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x4c57 (7500)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9000 
| 0x1002
| 0x4966 (9000)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380)
| 0x1002
| 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) 
| 0x1002
| 0x791f
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;X1200 IGP (RS690)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x71c7 (X1650) 
| 0x009e
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 2100
| 0x1002
| 0x796e (2100)
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670)
| 0x1002 
| 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620)
| 0x1002
| 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770)
| 0x1002 
| 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 Maybe better with Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 AMDGPU Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 285 / R9 380  R9 380X  Fury / Fury X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX460 RX560D polaris11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX580 polaris20 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 6000 Navi 2x 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX6000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RNDA 3 navi
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX9070 rx 9060 XT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 rdna4 navi
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 udna (aka rdna5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; GCN 5
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used 


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only 


*Vulkan
*Gallium


Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen.

bare bones basics data flow

 application,&gt;&gt;&gt; api/opengl/vulkan&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, jit compiler, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;memory manger, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;gpu hardware

so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render.

the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance

Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL 

RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. 


==Rough gfx comparison==

&lt;pre&gt;

Group 1

GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 
GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 


Group 2

GeForce RTX 2070
Radeon RX 7600
Quadro RTX 5000
Radeon PRO W6600
GeForce RTX 2060 12GB
Radeon PRO W7500
Quadro GP100
Radeon RX 6800S
GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU
GeForce GTX 1080
GeForce RTX 3060 8GB
Quadro RTX 4000
Radeon Pro W5700
Radeon RX 6600
GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile)
Radeon RX 7700S
Radeon RX 6700S
Radeon RX 6600S
Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile)
GeForce GTX 1070 Ti
GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU
Radeon Pro Vega 64X
Radeon RX 5700
Radeon RX Vega 64
GeForce RTX 2060
GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design


Group 3

Radeon RX 6600M
GeForce GTX 1070
Radeon RX 6650M
GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU
Radeon RX Vega 56
Radeon RX 6700M
GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6800M
GeForce GTX 980 Ti
Radeon R9 Fury
GeForce GTX 980
Quadro M5500
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon RX 580
Radeon RX 5500
Radeon RX 6550M
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 780 Ti
GeForce GTX 970
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon RX 480
Radeon RX 5600M
Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design
Radeon R9 290X / 390X
Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 290
Radeon Pro 5500 XT
Radeon R9 M490 *
GeForce GTX 780 
Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6500
Radeon RX 5300
Intel Arc A770M
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Radeon Pro 580X
Radeon RX 6400
GeForce RTX 2050
Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS
GeForce GTX 980M
Quadro M5000M
Radeon RX 6300
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design
Radeon Pro 570
Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti
Quadro M4000M
Radeon R9 280X  380X 
GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design
GeForce MX570
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon 780M
GeForce GTX 960
GeForce GTX 970M
Quadro M4000M *
GeForce GTX 680


Group 4 

Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
Radeon Pro WX 7100
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 1650
Intel Arc A730M
Radeon HD 7970
Radeon R9 M395X
Radeon R9 M485X
Radeon R9 M480 *
Radeon R9 M295X
Radeon R9 M390X *
FirePro W7170M *
Radeon R9 M395
Radeon R7 370
Radeon RX 5500M
GeForce GTX 590
GeForce GTX 880M
GeForce GTX 950
Radeon R9 270X
GeForce GTX 660 Ti
GeForce GTX 760
GeForce GTX 780M
Quadro K5100M
GeForce GTX 680MX
Radeon HD 7870
GeForce GTX 965M
Quadro M3000M *
GeForce GTX 870M
Radeon R9 M290X
Radeon HD 8970M
Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) 
GeForce GTX 580
Radeon HD 6970
GeForce GTX 1050
GeForce GTX 680M
GeForce GTX 775M
GeForce GTX 1630
FirePro M6100
Radeon HD 7970M
Radeon R9 M390 *
GeForce GTX 750 Ti


Group 5

GeForce GTX 570
GeForce GTX 480
GeForce GTX 960M
Quadro M2000M *
Quadro K5000M
Quadro K4100M
GeForce GTX 770M
GeForce GTX 860M
GeForce GTX 675MX
GeForce GTX 950M
GeForce GTX 850M
Quadro M1000M
Radeon R9 M280X
Radeon HD 7950M *
GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Radeon HD 6870
GeForce GTX 470
GeForce GT 1030
GeForce MX330
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 5800HS 
FirePro 3D V8800
GeForce MX250


Group 6

Radeon Pro WX 3200
Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H
Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U
Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U
Radeon Pro WX 4150
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G
Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE
GeForce GTX 485M
FirePro W6150M
Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M470
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U
Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE
Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U
FirePro V7900
Radeon HD 5970
Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G
Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE
Radeon RX 550X
FirePro V8800
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U
GeForce MX150
Quadro K3100M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R7 250X
Intel HD 5600
Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 460
Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U
Quadro K620
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics
Intel Iris Pro P580
Intel UHD Graphics P630
Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5870
Radeon HD 6870
Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 7770
Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U
GeForce GTX 745
Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile
Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U
Quadro M600M
Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U
Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics


Group 7 

GeForce 945M
Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro M5100
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U
GeForce GTX 580M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M385
Quadro 5000M
Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U
Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics
FirePro V7800
Radeon R9 350
Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G
Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U
GeForce GTX 460 SE
Radeon Pro W5500M
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G
Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GT 645
GeForce GTX 765M
Radeon R9 M385X
Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5850
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G
Intel Iris Pro 580
Radeon HD 6850
Intel Iris Xe MAX
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U
Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core
GeForce GTX 470M
Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 670MX
Radeon RX 640
Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3
Radeon R7 450
GeForce GTX 675M
Radeon Pro WX 4130
Intel Iris Xe MAX 100
Quadro 5000
Radeon RX 570X
Radeon HD 7700-serie
Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 8 


Group 8 
 
GeForce MX230
GeForce GTX 765M
Quadro K4000M
Iris Pro Graphics P580 *
Iris Pro Graphics 580 *
GeForce GTX 645
Quadro M520
GeForce GTX 570M
GeForce MX130
Radeon RX 540
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U
Intel UHD Graphics 770
Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE 
Radeon HD 5850
GeForce GTX 675M
GeForce GTX 580M
Radeon HD 6990M
Radeon R9 M385X *
Radeon R9 M470X *
Radeon R9 M470 *
Radeon R9 M385 *
Radeon R9 M380 *
Radeon R9 M370X
Radeon R9 M275
Radeon HD 7770
GeForce GTX 485M
GeForce GTX 460 768MB
Radeon HD 6790
GeForce GTX 285M SLI
Quadro K3100M
FirePro W5170M *
GeForce GTX 670MX
Quadro 5010M
GeForce GTX 760M
GeForce GTX 670M


Group 9 

GeForce 940MX *
Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5)
FirePro M8900
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R9 M270
Radeon HD 8870M
Radeon HD 7870M
Quadro K3000M
GeForce GTX 570M
FirePro M6000
FirePro M5100
Quadro K2100M
Radeon HD 5770
GeForce GTX 550 Ti
GeForce GTX 280M SLI
Radeon HD 6950M
Radeon R7 250
GeForce GT 755M
GeForce GTX 660M
GeForce 845M
Radeon HD 8850M
Radeon R9 M365X
Radeon R9 M265X
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro W5130M *
Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U 
Radeon HD 7850M
Radeon HD 8790M
FirePro W4170M
FirePro W4190M
FirePro W4100
Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U
Quadro 4000M
GeForce GTX 470M
GeForce GTX 480M
GeForce GT 750M
Iris Pro Graphics 6200
Quadro K1100M
GeForce 940M
Radeon R9 M375
GeForce 930MX *
Radeon R7 M380 *
Radeon R7 M370
Quadro M600M *
GeForce GT 650M
Quadro K620M
GeForce 840M
Radeon R7 M275DX
GeForce GT 745M
Radeon HD 7770M
GeForce GTX 560M
Radeon R7 
Iris Pro Graphics 5200
GeForce GT 740M
GeForce 930M
Radeon HD 4850


Group 10

Iris Graphics 550 *
GeForce 830M
Iris Graphics 540
Quadro M500M *
Quadro K2000M
GeForce GTS 450
GeForce GTX 260M SLI
GeForce GT 735M
Mobility Radeon HD 5870
GeForce 825M
Quadro 5000M
FirePro M4000
FirePro M7820
Radeon HD 6870M
GeForce 9800M GTX SLI
Radeon HD 8830M *
Radeon HD 8770M
Radeon R7 M260X
GeForce GTX 460M
GeForce 920MX *
GeForce GT 730M
Radeon HD 7750M
GeForce GT 645M *
FirePro M4100
Radeon HD 8750M
Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G
Quadro 3000M
Radeon R7 M270
Radeon R7 M265
Quadro FX 3800M
GeForce GTX 285M
Mobility Radeon HD 4870
GeForce GT 640M
Radeon R7 (Kaveri)
Radeon R8 M365DX
Radeon R7 M460 *
Radeon HD 7730M
Radeon R7 M360
GeForce GTX 280M
Radeon HD 8690M
Quadro FX 3700M
Radeon R7 M340
GeForce 920M
Radeon R6 M340DX
HD Graphics 530
HD Graphics P530
Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU
Radeon R7 M260
Radeon R6 


Group 11

Mobility Radeon HD 4860
FirePro M7740
Mobility Radeon HD 4850
GeForce GTX 260M
GeForce 9800M GTX
Quadro FX 2800M
Radeon HD 8670D
Radeon HD 7690M XT
FirePro M5950
GeForce GT 640M LE
Radeon R6 (Kaveri)
Radeon HD 8650M *
Radeon HD 8730M
Radeon HD 6770M
GeForce GT 635M
GeForce GT 555M
Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B
Radeon HD 5670
Mobility Radeon HD 5850
Radeon HD 6850M
Quadro 2000M
GeForce 9800M GT
GeForce 8800M GTX
Quadro FX 3600M
GeForce GT 445M
GeForce GTS 360M


Group 12

GeForce GT 240
Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700
Radeon HD 7690M
HD Graphics 5600
Radeon HD 8570D
Radeon HD 8670M
Radeon R6 M255DX
Radeon HD 7660D
Radeon HD 6750M
Quadro K1000M
GeForce GT 550M
Radeon HD 8590M *
GeForce GTS 260M
GeForce GTS 160M
GeForce 9800M GTS
GeForce GT 430
Radeon HD 6830M
Mobility Radeon HD 5830
Radeon HD 6730M *
GeForce 9800M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 4830
Mobility Radeon HD 5770
Radeon HD 6570M
Radeon HD 8650G
Radeon HD 7670M
GeForce GT 630M
Radeon HD 7560D
GeForce GTS 150M *
Radeon R5 M335
Radeon R5 M430 *
Radeon R5 M330
Radeon R5 M255
Radeon Vega 3
Quadro 1000M
GeForce 820M
FirePro W2100
HD Graphics 520 620 
Iris Graphics 6100


GeForce GT 720M
GeForce 8800M GTS
Radeon R5 M240
Radeon R5 M320 *
Radeon R5 M230
Radeon R5 M315 *
Mobility Radeon HD 5750 *
Radeon HD 8570M
Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B
HD Graphics 6000
Quadro K610M
Radeon HD 8550M
Iris Graphics 5100
GeForce GT 540M
Mali-T880 MP12 *
Radeon HD 8610G *
Radeon HD 6650M
HD Graphics 4600
Mobility Radeon HD 5730
HD Graphics 5500
Radeon R5 (Carrizo) *
Radeon R5 (Kaveri)
FirePro M5800
NVS 5400M
GeForce 710M
Radeon HD 7660G
GeForce GT 435M
HD Graphics 5000


Quadro K510M *
Radeon HD 5570
Radeon HD 6550M
Radeon HD 7590M *
GeForce GTS 350M
GeForce GTS 250M
Radeon HD 6630M
Radeon HD 7650M
FirePro M2000
Radeon HD 7570M
Radeon HD 7630M
Quadro FX 1800M
Mobility Radeon HD 5650
Radeon HD 8510G *
Radeon HD 6530M
Radeon HD 8550G
Quadro K500M *
GeForce GT 625M *
GeForce GT 620M
GeForce GT 525M
Radeon HD 6550D *
Radeon HD 7610M
Radeon HD 7620G
Radeon HD 8470D
Radeon HD 7640G
Adreno 530
GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU)
HD Graphics 4400
HD Graphics 510 515 *


NVS 5200M
Mobility Radeon HD 565v
Radeon HD 7550M
Mobility Radeon HD 4670
GeForce GT 425M
GeForce 9700M GTS
Radeon HD 6645G2 *
Quadro FX 2700M
GeForce GT 335M
Radeon HD 7600G
Mobility Radeon HD 3870
Mobility Radeon HD 4650
GeForce GT 220
GeForce GT 420M
Radeon HD 7530M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3850
GeForce GT 330M
Quadro FX 880M
Quadro NVS 5100M
GeForce GT 240M
Radeon HD 7490M *
HD Graphics 5300
Radeon HD 7510M *
GeForce Go 7950 GTX
Quadro FX 3500M
GeForce 8700M GT SLI
GeForce 9700M GT
GeForce GT 230M
Mobility Radeon HD 550v
Radeon HD 7480D
HD Graphics 4000
Mali-T760 MP8
Radeon HD 6620G
HD Graphics (Broadwell) *
Adreno 430
Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L)
Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri)
HD Graphics (Skylake) *


Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5
Radeon HD 7500G
Radeon HD 8450G
Radeon HD 7470M
Radeon HD 6490M
Radeon HD 8400
Mali-T880 MP4
GeForce GT 520MX
Radeon HD 7520G
GeForce GT 325M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI
GeForce 8600M GT SLI
GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI
GeForce GT 130M
NVS 4200M
GeForce Go 7900 GTX
Quadro FX 2500M
Radeon HD 8350G
Radeon HD 8330
GeForce 9650M GS
GeForce 9650M GT
Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema)
GeForce 8700M GT
Quadro FX 1700M
Quadro FX 1600M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX
GeForce Go 7900 GS
Quadro NVS 320M
Quadro FX 1500M
GeForce 9600M GT
GeForce GT 220M
Quadro FX 770M
GeForce GT 120M
Radeon HD 7450M
GeForce 610M
GeForce 705M
Mali-T760 MP6
Radeon HD 6470M
FirePro M3900 *
GeForce GT 520M
Radeon HD 7420G
Mobility Radeon HD 3670
Mobility FireGL V5725
PowerVR GX6450
Adreno 420
HD Graphics (Haswell)


Radeon HD 6520G
Radeon HD 8310G *
GeForce 320M
GeForce GT 320M
Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT
Mobility Radeon X1900
Mobility Radeon X1800XT
Mobility Radeon X1800
GeForce Go 6800 Ultra
GeForce Go 7800
GeForce 9600M GS
GeForce 9500M GS
Radeon HD 7400G
Radeon HD 6480G *
Mobility Radeon HD 2700
GeForce GT 415M
GeForce 410M
Radeon HD 7370M
Adreno 418
HD Graphics (Cherry Trail)
Radeon HD 6370M
Radeon HD 8280
Mobility Radeon HD 5470
Radeon HD 6450M
Radeon HD 7430M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3650
Mobility FireGL V5700
Mobility Radeon HD 5145
Mobility Radeon HD 545v
Radeon R6 (Mullins) *
Radeon HD 8240
Radeon HD 8250
Mobility Radeon HD 4570
Quadro FX 570M
Mobility Radeon HD 5450 *
Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) *
GeForce 8600M GT
Mobility Radeon HD 2600
HD Graphics 3000
Quadro FX 380M
GeForce 310M
GeForce G210M
NVS 3100M
GeForce 405M
GeForce 315M
GeForce Go 7600 GT
GeForce 9500M G
GeForce 8600M GS
NVS 2100M
GeForce Go 7700
GeForce Go 6800
Quadro FX Go 1400
Mobility Radeon X800XT
Radeon HD 6430M *
Radeon HD 6380G *
Mobility Radeon HD 5430
Radeon HD 8210
Mobility Radeon HD 540v
Mobility Radeon HD 4550
HD Graphics 2500
HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge)


Quadro NVS 310 
Radeon HD 7350M *
Radeon HD 6350M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4530
Mobility Radeon HD 4350
Radeon HD 4350
GeForce 305M
Mobility Radeon X1700
Mobility FireGL V5250
Mobility Radeon X2500
GeForce Go 7600
Quadro NVS 300M
Mobility Radeon X800
Mobility Radeon X1600
Mobility FireGL V5200
Mobility Radeon 9800
GeForce Go 6600
Mobility Radeon X1450
Mobility Radeon X700
Mobility FireGL V5000
GeForce G 110M
Quadro NVS 295 
Radeon HD 6330M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4330
GeForce 8400M GT
Quadro NVS 140M
HD Graphics 2000
GeForce 9500M GE *
GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE)
HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) *


Adreno 330
PowerVR G6430
PowerVR GX6250
PowerVR G6400
HD Graphics (Bay Trail)
Mali-T628 MP6
Mali-T760 MP4
Chrome9HD *
Radeon HD 7340
Radeon HD 6320 *
Radeon HD 7310
Radeon HD 6310 *
Radeon HD 8180
Mobility Radeon HD 3470
GeForce 9300M G
ION 2 *
GeForce 9300M GS
Quadro FX 370M
Quadro NVS 160M
GeForce 9200M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Mobility Radeon HD 3430
Mobility Radeon HD 3410
Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT
Radeon HD 4270
Radeon HD 4250
Radeon HD 7290 *
Radeon HD 6290 *
Radeon HD 4200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics
Radeon HD 6250


Quadro NVS 150M
Quadro FX 360M
Mobility Radeon X1350
Mobility Radeon X1400
GeForce 9100M G
GeForce 8400M GS
Quadro NVS 135M
Mobility Radeon HD 2400
Radeon HD 3200
Radeon HD 4225 *
Radeon HD 4100 *
SGX554MP4
Mali-T628 MP4
Mobility Radeon HD 3400 *
Radeon HD 3100
GeForce 8400M G
Mali-T860 MP2
Quadro NVS 130M
GeForce 8200M G
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M
Mali-T604 MP4
GeForce Go 7400
Quadro FX 350M
Quadro NVS 120M
GeForce Go 7300
GeForce Tegra 4 *
PowerVR G6200
Adreno 405 *
Quadro NVS 110M
Mobility Radeon X600
Mobility FireGL V3200
Mobility FireGL V3100
Mobility Radeon HD X2300
Mobility Radeon 9700


Mobility FireGL T2e
Mobility Radeon X1300
GeForce4 4200 Go
Mobility Radeon 9600
Mobility FireGL T2
Mobility Radeon 9550
GeForce Go 7200
GeForce Go 6400
Mobility Radeon X300
GeForce Go 6250
GeForce Go 6200
GeForce FX Go 5700
Quadro FX Go 1000
GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650
Radeon Xpress X1270
Radeon Xpress X1250
Radeon Xpress X1200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100
Mali-T624
Adreno 320 *
Mali-T760 MP2
Mali-T720 MP4
Mali-450 MP4
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 *
GeForce 7190M *
GeForce 7150M
Radeon Xpress 1150
GeForce Go 6150
GeForce Go 6100
GeForce 7000M
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 *
Mobility Radeon 9200
Mobility FireGL 9000
GeForce FX Go 5200
Mobility Radeon 9000
GeForce 4 488 Go
GeForce 4 460 Go
GeForce 4 440 Go
GeForce 4 420 Go
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 
SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 *
Mali-T720 MP2
Mali-T720
Adreno 302 304 305 306
Mobility Radeon 7500
Mobility FireGL 7800
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 


Radeon Xpress 200M
Radeon Xpress 1100
Mirage 3+ 672MX
Mirage 3 671MX
Mali-400 MP4 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) *
VideoCore-IV *
Adreno 220 225*
Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core
Mali-400 MP2 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 *
SGX540 *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500
Adreno 205 *
Adreno 203 *
GC800 *
SGX535
SGX531
SGX530
Adreno 200 *
Mali-200 *
GeForce 3 Go *
GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100
Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP
Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP
Mobility Radeon M7
Mobility Radeon M6
Chrome9 HC
Extreme Graphics 2
Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP
Radeon IGP 340M
Radeon IGP 320M
S3G UniChrome Pro II
S3G UniChrome Pro
Castle Rock
Mirage 2 M760
Mirage M661FX
S3 Graphics ProSavage8
Mobility 128 M3
SM502 *
&lt;/pre&gt;


Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need...

DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a &quot;vendor-neutral&quot; portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. 

&quot;let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!&quot; - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. 

There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). 

Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. 

Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA &amp; AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD &amp; Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. 


So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like:

* AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (radeonsi)  
* AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (r600g) -&gt; games/apps/etc.
* NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (nouveau) -&gt; games/apps.
* Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (i945) -&gt; games/apps.


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=30%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Fudomi GC888A
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 100in throw projector 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vamvo VF320 (720P) 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Happrun H1 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 100in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Zentality A10 Plus 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 110in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nexigo nova mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nebula mars 3 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;dangbei freedo 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;benq gv50 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. 
AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. 


Bluetooth is similarly unlikely to be ever supported due to huge cost to be certified. 


No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed.</text>
      <sha1>q6c3iyu47rfn9ui685gkdffor8d5hmr</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641753</id>
      <parentid>4641752</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T21:17:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641753</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="228476" sha1="juazb0nl3qu763szw9xcus5z7n7opst" xml:space="preserve">Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], 

{{ArosNav}}


[[#Audio Chipsets]]

[[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]]

[[#Rough gfx comparison]]

[[#]]


==x86 Native Environment==


AROS should run on almost any i386 PC hardware so long as the CPU is newer than an i486, and has a &quot;Floating Point Unit (FPU)&quot;. Ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. 


Motherboards supported 
* Most Intel mobos are supported (Skt 775 is ok but newer is better) - additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc 
* AMD based socket 939 am2 am2+ am3+, fusion and am4 ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed 


Supported graphics cards (gfx) 
* Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2017. 
64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs and higher to GTX 900s and '''3D''' from . 
32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT through to fermi gtx5xx and  '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx. 
* Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009. 
'''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards 
* AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2005. 
Desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600. Experimental 2D version for up to HD3xxx came later 
* VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. 

 It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. 


Sound wise there are 

* HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) 
* some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) 


* PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards 
* PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] 
* PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards 
* PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 


Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc 
* PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 
* PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100
* PCI intel pro100
* Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 
* VIA 10/100 
* 3com Etherlink 10/100 
* Realtek rtl8029 10mbit 


Wireless wifi 
* atheros 5000 wireless 
*realtek 8187 usb 


It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. 

* mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot
* micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. 
* full atx will have more slots available 

'''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. 

Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. 


The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World]


: Brief Timeline

: 2000-12-06 HIDD  first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz])
: 2001-03-31 BOOT  first boot from floppy disk with IDE device 
: 2001-10-30 BOOT  first cd bootable version
: 2002-01-27 HIDD  first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz)
: 2002-04-13 BOOT  software HDToolBox added ()
: 2003-04-03 HIDD  vesa2.hidd graphic modes added ()
: 2004-03-08 HIDD  new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz)
: 2004-03-17 HIDD  nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-01-05 AHI   AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom)
: 2005-01-06 AHI   SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger)
: 2005-02-04 AHI   AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) 
: 2005-06-27 NIC   amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2005-08-25 NIC   nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-12-24 NIC   Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2006-03-25 HIDD  ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz)
: 2007-03-06 HIDD  vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) 
: 2007-03-08 HIDD  dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) 
: 2007-03-21 HIDD  usb initial commit (Michal Schulz)


: 2007-10-01 BOOT  Installer added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2007-11-29 PORT  64bit x86 added  (Michal Schulz) 
: 2008-04-12 BOOT  GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews)
: 2008-08-26 NIC   RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) 
: 2008-10-22 PORT  to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz)
: 2009-02-25 PORT  to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) 
: 2009-05-18 HIDD  poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) 
: 2009-11-18 NIC   RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet])
: 2009-12-23 AHI   HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler)
: 2010-03-09 BOOT  USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2010-05-26 HIDD  Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz)
: 2010-09-03 NIC   Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2011-04-30 HIDD  Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support (Deadwood) 
: 2011-08-30 HIDD  Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft)
: 2011-09-17 NIC   Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2011-12-09 HIDD  Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) 


: 2013-02-25 AHI   AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2013-03-31 PORT  early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) 
: 2014-01-16 AHI   Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2017-02-17 PORT  Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz)
: 2018-10-20 PORT  Big Endian ARM 
: 2021-11-26 NIC   Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2023-01-12 NIC   Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2025-11    HIDD  xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews)


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Audio Chipsets===

'''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' 


====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI====

*2021 5.27 

as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. 

The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). 

Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
|
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1370 (u?)   AK4531 (u?)
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
| 0x00
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
|
|-
| CT4700  Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5000
| 0x7c
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works -  opamp JRC4565(u?)  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) 
|-
| CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4565-1056W (u1)  stac9708t(u2)  [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3)  24wc012 (u4) 
|-
| CT4751 (SB128PCI) 
| 0x1274
| 0x8001
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) 
|-
| CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V
| 0x1274 
| 0x1371 
| 0x06
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4812 (Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4813 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4815 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). 
|-
| CT5801 HP 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5803 Gateway 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works  4565-0005b jrc (u1)    4297a-jq ztae0c0002  (u2)    es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT4740
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 
|-
| CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7  
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5806  (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?)  ZTAPWC9933 (u2)   es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1373 (u?) 
|-
| CT5808
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938
| 0x1102
| 0x8938
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT5880 on various motherboards 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5880 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, 
|-
| VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x02
| {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;pre&gt;
Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A  
Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B  

Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A  
Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C  
Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D  
Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E  

Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B  
Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A  
Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8  
&lt;/pre&gt;


====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio====

*2021 5.10 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686B KT133A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x50
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM333 KT333 with VT8235 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x30
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x40 0x50 0x60 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy====

*2021 6.5

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1)
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested (1st Gen)
|-
| Live CT4620 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested             
|-
| Live CT4760 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| playback works
|-
| Live Value CT4670 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| works plays stereo (2nd Gen)
|-
| Live Value DELL CT4780 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x06
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode
|-
| Live Value Compaq CT4830 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| not working 
|-
| Live Value CT4831 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{partial|Line-In only}}
| works
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x08
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works
|-
| Live Value HP CT4870 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| Works
|-
| Live Value Gateway CT4871 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen)
|-
| Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Live 5.1 Player SB0220 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1
|-
| Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| working 
|-
| Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2)
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Audigy SB0230 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1102
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0004
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x03
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Mic only}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested)
|-
| Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx
| 0x1102 
| 0x0006 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| 
|-
| Live 24bit SB0410 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Live 24bit DELL SB0413 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy LS SB0310 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570
| 0x1102
| 0x0007
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO)
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 PRO SB0380
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 
| 0x1102 
| 0x000
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver but linux support needs firmware 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out 
the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 


====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media====

*2021 5.20 

;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Audiotrak MAYA EX5 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| cmi8738-sx 4ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested
|-
| e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EDio SC3000D 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{no}}
| 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec 5.1 PCI 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| Has SPDIF
|-
| Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| XSonic CMI 8738 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision 
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x13f6
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0111
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Chinese based card with playback tested so far 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2001-2005 ac97.audio====

*6.4 27-12-2008 


The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns 

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 

The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC200 and ALC201 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC201A and ALC202  and ALC202A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC650 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC850 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Acorp 7NFU400 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8080
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x24c5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881 SoundMAX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Analog Devices first AC97 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1885 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1886 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1887 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ADI AD1888 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 1.51
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1981A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM X30 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1985 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1986 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM T23
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x103c
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3085 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI 6501 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9738
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9739
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI 9739A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;STAC9708T codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VIA VT1612, VT82C686
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1968
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1978
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1988
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x12
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ymf-753 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451
| 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) 
| 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX)
| 0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| no support - introduced early 2000s
|-
| SIS 7012 
| 0x1039
| 0x7012
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM9717 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Parallels 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| VirtualBox
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working
|-
| VirtualPC
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel 82801AA Proxmox 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio====

*6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] 
*6.35 202  [] 
*6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards 
*6.29 2018 
*6.27 2017 update
*6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x 
*6.20 July 2012 
*6.17 Nov 2011 
*6.15 Jun 2011
*[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=109 6.13] Sep 2010


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC260 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC262 
* ALC262-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC268 codec
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. 
|-
| [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] 
* ALC269Q-GR
* ALC269QSRS-GR
* ALC269W-GR 
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 &amp; co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] 
|-
| [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] 
* ALC269Q-VB5-GR 
* ALC269Q-VB6-CG 
* ALC269Q-VB6-GR 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, 
* v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13
* v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 
|-
| [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202]
* ALC269Q-VC2-GR
* ALC269Q-VC3-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100203, 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;SMT SMD QFN-48 - 
* v1 unknown
* v2 unknown
* v3 x230, dell wyse, 
|-
| ALC272 
* ALC272-VA4-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0272
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC273 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC270 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC282 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;needs retest 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC660 ALC660-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* works asus F9s, F9e 
* untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC661-GR (2011) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC662 
| 0x1043
| 0x82a1
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}}
| 
* works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663]  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0861
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.13}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance 
* not working Asus n50vn x71vn, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC665 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC666 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC667
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC668 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC880 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;some 915 and 925 chipset mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC882M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some early versions work }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), 
|-
| Codec ALC885 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0885
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888s
* ALC888S-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC888b
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo),  
|-
| ALC888-VD
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested 
|-
| ALC889A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 Gr
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} with crackles 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Tested with MSI H55 board 
|-
| ALC887 ALC887-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 
|-
| ALC887-VD-CG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 
| 
|-
| ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887 0x1458
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} index = 2 
| ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead 
* working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), 
* not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, 
|-
| ALC887-VD2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 3jacks 
|-
| ALC887-VD2-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC887-
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC892-CG rev
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - 
|-
| ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 2009 introduced 
* works 
* not working 
* untested 
|-
| ALC892 rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0892
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2014 
|-
| Realtek ALC886-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD 
| 0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0663
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
* not working Toshiba Tecra A7 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC898 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3232 (aka ALC292) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0292
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3234 aka ALC255 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0255 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;003
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3287 aka ALC257
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1882 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1883 HD Codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1884 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| IBM Thinkpad T60, 
|-
| AD1984 hp-m4 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, 
|-
| AD1986 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| AD1988
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1988A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4207
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4208 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|very very very low volume}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549-12Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested HP 530 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20561 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working lenovo x200s
* untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20582 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20585 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20672 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20671 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20751-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11852 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11880 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Silicon Labs 3054 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VIA 1708A
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested, 
|-
| VIA VT1708B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| 0x0010
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|VIA PicoITX}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| VIA 1708S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}  
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VT2021 10ch
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Creative CA0110-IBG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), 
|-
| IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works HP Compaq mini 110
* untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, 
|-
| IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel D5400XS, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD73C
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD75B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x111d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7608
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required]
* untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD81XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD83XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 92HD89XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM8860 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. 

 Output &lt;- Codec &lt;- Audio Controller (HDA) &lt;-&gt; Computer 

codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a &quot;codec&quot;. Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. 

Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 

 Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. 


Things to try if sound not working 

* try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa 
* make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... 
* even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters 
* it might be internally muted 


&lt;pre&gt;
add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Bifteck &gt; RAM:audio.txt
&lt;/pre&gt;

or 

&lt;pre&gt;
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; RAM:audio.txt
Run ahi prefs
Click test tone button 
Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add &quot;debug=memory&quot; to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. 

or 

* try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line 
* '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file 
* Reboot
* open a shell
* type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi &gt; ram:debug.txt
* open ahi prefs
* select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise 
* press the 'test sound' button
* press ctrl-c in the shell
* post the results to Aros-World


The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. 

HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs 


====Envy24 series ====

A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). 

There are PCI Express versions appearing. 

The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards.

N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. 


=====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Playback
! Recording
! Comments
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| works audio out on   - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001  2001 REV-B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B  or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps 
* be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues 
|-
| M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;M-Audio Delta DiO 2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Terratec EWX24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1412
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1712
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| untested  - AKM  and codec
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWSA88MT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1212M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1616M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Value
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
    Event Electronics EZ8
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Digigram VX442
    Lionstracs
    Mediastation
    Terrasoniq TS 88
    Roland/Edirol DA-2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


=====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ESI Juli@
| 0x3031
| 0x4553
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K 
| 0x3031
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3631
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192
| 0x1412
| 0x3630 0x1724 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1147
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - discontinued 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] 
| 0x153b
| 0x1145
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - semaphore error on rev 3 -  DAC    ADC  
|-
| Terratec Phase 22
| 0x153b
| 0x1150
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| Terratec Phase 28
| 0x153b
| 0x1149 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Playback 
| Recording
| Revision 
| Comments
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1
| 0x4933
| 0x4553
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT
| 0x3132
| 0x4154
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - STAC9460S codec 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Echo Layla 24/96 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3632
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ONKYO SE-150PCI
| 0x160b
| 0x0001
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESI Waveterminal 192x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quartet 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9840 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Not detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVidia HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Graphic GFX Chipsets===

[https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. 

AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets 
* Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, 
* Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, 

The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 


2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench &gt; out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 


3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], 


HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up 

&lt;pre&gt;
HDMI (licensing fee)
1.2 720p res. 
1.3 1080 resolution 
1.4  4K @ 30Hz
2.0  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 
2.2 ultra96 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 

1.4  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
GPMI chinese standard 

2.0

&lt;/pre&gt;


*OpenGL4 must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support. The last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) on [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] and Nvidia RTX might come to AROS) but Intel UHD, Iris Plus or Xe or Arc will not unless a developer wants the challenge - [https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.0.html#mesa-20-0-0-release-notes-2020-02-19 Mesa 20.0.0] implements the OpenGL 4.6 API, but the version reported by glGetString(GL_VERSION) or glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION) / glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION) depends on the particular driver being used and may report a lower version depending on each driver. Mesa 20.0.0 implements the Vulkan 1.2 API, but the version reported by the apiVersion property of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties struct depends on the particular driver being used. 
*OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) 

*OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau on Aros 32bit, 
*OpenGL1 intel gma950 on Aros 32bit and 64bit, 


====vga.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====vesa.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour -  no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]====

DVI output is not supported at the moment. 

If having problems:

* Ensure the latest version is being used. 
* Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test 
* Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon.

If still having problems:

* At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory
* Boot.
* Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck &gt; RAM:debug.txt
* And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;3%&quot; |Rev
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Laptop LCD
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work 
|-
| 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GL 82915GL GMCH 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GV 82915GV GMCH
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| HP DC5100 small form factor 
|-
| 915GM GMA900
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel  gearbox  }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| asus eee pc 900 
|-
| 915GMS 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel   }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) 
| 0x8086
| 0x2772
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, 
|-
| 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27a2
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| Dell D430 
|-
| 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27ae
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No|dvi port}}
| {{Yes| }}
| for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks
* 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, 
|-
| 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945GC 82945GC MCH
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945PM 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, 
|-
| 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|most models}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| 
* 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, 
* 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400,  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GMA 3100 G31 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| GMA 3100 G33 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; G965
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; Q965 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2992
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Only tested with VGA output.
|-
| 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output 
* untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, 
|-
| 960GM X3100 (400 MHz)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| 965M X3100 (400 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Dell D830, 
|-
| 965PM ??
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GL965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GM965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GMA X3500 G35 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42 0x2a43
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x07
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt; {{Yes| VESA}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====[http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)====

 PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS 

*Desktop, more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia on Aros 32bit but on Aros 64bit ...
*Laptop, limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations on 32bit but on 64bit ...) 

Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc

* 202
* 2026-07 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   20.0 Mesa OpenCL
* 2011-10 - DEVS  6.11 Nouveau.hidd  7.4 Gallium.hidd  9.4 Softpipe - LIBS  2.3 Gallium  1.3 GLU  19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x 
* 2011-04 - DEVS  5.31 Nouveau.hidd  7.3 Gallium.hidd  9.3 Softpipe - LIBS  2.2 Gallium  1.1 GLU  18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a


Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ...
 On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) 
 On Aros 64bit 

ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the &quot;`&quot; key and type &quot;Timedemo demo1&quot; in the console 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|-
| NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  
|-
| Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) 9600GT ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA3 (GT215) GT240 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) gt210 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) ION2 || 38,4 || 53,9 || 61,7 || Not Detected || Not Detected || Not Detected 
|-
| NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE0 Kepler GT630 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  || 
|-
| NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV126 (GM206) GTX950 upwards no reclocking || N/A || N/A || N/A || poor || poor || poor
|-
| NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware  || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown  
|-
| HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|very slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt vanta lt (nv06)  1998 /9
| 0x10de
| 0x002c
| 0x15
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| untested Geforce256 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003)
| 0x10DE
| 0x0322 0x
| 0xA1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|  }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 
* not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&amp;page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] 
* working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver 
* Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD 
|-
| Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| Geforce 5100 (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5200 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600SE
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700VE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700LE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 (NV30)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900ZT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5950 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 5xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F3 0x014F 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| use 5.28}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1  needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006)
| 0x
| 0x0221
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2
* not working 
*working
|-
| GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) 
| 0x
| 0x0161
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) 
| 0x
| 0x0162
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 6200 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x0163
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| PCI-E 
|-
| GeForce 6600 LE
| 0x
| 0x00F4 0x0142 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 
| 0x
| 0x00F2 0x0141
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX
|-
| Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F1 0x0140
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  OpenGL tests - 
|-
| Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x)
| 0x
| 0x0043 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 LE 
| 0x
| 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400)
| 0x
| 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800 GS
| 0x
| 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 
| 0x
| 0x0040 0x0F9 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800XT
| 0x
| 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 VE  
| 0x
| 0x0143
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6500 NV44 
| 0x
| 0x0160 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6250 
| 0x
| 0x0169 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 7800 GTX 
| 0x
| 0x0090 0x0091 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel  gearbox  cube  cube2 25}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - 
* not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - 
* Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports 
* Untested 
|-
| GeForce 7800 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0092
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x02E0 0x0391
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 2.1 
* not working 
* working 
|-
| GeForce 7800 SLI  
| 0x
| 0x0095 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GTX  
| 0x
| 0x0290
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GT GTO  
| 0x
| 0x0291
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0292
| 0x0a1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 
|-
| GeForce 7950 GX2  
| 0x10de
| 0x0293 0x0294
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7950 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0295 0x02E4
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x
| 0x02E3
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x02E1 0x0392
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7650 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0390
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0394 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0093 0x00F5 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 
|-
| GeForce 7100 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x016A
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7350 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) 
| 0x10de 
| 0x01D3
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - 
* not working Asus on via chipset (2015), 
* works Asus on intel chipset (2015), 
|-
| Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0395 0x0393
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 7300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DF 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7500 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DD
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7xxx 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0194
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration 
|-
| Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 200w openGL3  openCL - 2x6pin psu 
* not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, 
* works 
|-
| Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, 
* not working 
* working 
* untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;DVI up to 2500 x 1600
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required
* not working 
* untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT (G92)
| 0x10de
| 0x0611 
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]]
|-
| Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0401 0x0402 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8500 GT G86 based chipset 
| 0x10de
| 0x0421
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL tests - max opengl 3.x but 2.1 offered on Aros 32bit and 
* works Gigabyte 8500 GT, 
* not working 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GS 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0606 0x060D 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| GeForce 8600GS 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B  
|-
| GeForce 8300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0423
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007)    GT218 (2009)
* Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. 
* Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0424 0x0422 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works digital part of DVI but nothing from any display port}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output, supporting up to one 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G98 VP3 pci-e 2.0 512MB DDR2 - 
* not working 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007)
* Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. 
| 0x10de
| 0x0404 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output up to 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G86 VP2 128MB - 
* not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, 
|-
| GeForce 8400 SE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0420
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 2.x openCL 
|-
| NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 socket}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - 
|-
| Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA 2d}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0604
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 150w - 65nm technology 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX 
| 0x10de
| 0x0612
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 2x6pin psu - 
* not working xfx on via chipset (2015),  
* works xfx on chipset intel , 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX+ 
| 0x10de
| 0x0613
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* works on a few models 
|-
| Geforce 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0614
| 0x0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 495  gearbox 513  Cube 156  Cube2 120   Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.1  openCL 1.x - case dual slot - 600w 26amp on both 12v rails for 2x6pin psu on gfx card - no fan control - some come with 1x6pin - renamed version of the venerable GeForce 8800 GT - randomly works 
* not working Gainward 512M untested 
* working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) 
|-
| Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0622
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 493  gearbox 675  Cube  Cube2 100  Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - 
* not working  bfg tech ocx, 
* works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i -
|-
| Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0640
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel 480  gearbox 500  Cube  Cube2 64  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.2 - case single slot - 350 Watt/400 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 18 Amp/22 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - 
* not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, 
* works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2,  
|-
| GeForce 9600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x0623
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working  
* works 
|-
| GeForce 9600 GSO 
| 0x
| 0x0610
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - 
|-
| GeForce 9300 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x06E1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9400 GT  (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9xxx   (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro FX 580 G96 chipset 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
NV84 (G84) 	GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, 
NV92 (G92) 	GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX)
GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX)
NV96 (G96) 	GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), 
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA0 (GT200) Tesla GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E1
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or &quot;VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 260
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|Vesa}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - 
|-
| Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009)  
| 0x10de
| 0x0615
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 486  gearbox 508-642  Cube   Cube2 80   Quake3 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - 
* not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - 
* works  PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ca3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;late 2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - All are pcie 2.1 cards and may not work in 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 with 512MB or 1GB - 
* DDR5 -Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT220 (GT216) G220 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a20
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 2.0.3 GeForce GT220 1GB[[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]]
* untested NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, 
|-
| Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b)
| 0x10de
| 0x0a20
| 0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI but not 1x HDMI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - 
* not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - 
* works  - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a65
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 31W OpenGL 3.3  pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - 
* working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - 
* untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, 
* not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia ION2 9400M class (GT218) Tesla 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3), NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - 
*not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 50w OpenGL 3.3  openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; 2 dp 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; GTX 470, GTX 480   GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - up to OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1  Tessellation - case dual slots - 
|-
| Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 
| 0x10de
| 0x0e22
| 0xa1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel  gearbox  cube 055-111   cube2 50}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVC0 family (Fermi) up to OpenGL 4.x but  - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR
* works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0e23
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x91 or 0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - 
|-
| Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106  
| 0x10de
| 0x0dc4
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel  gearbox  cube   cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI  }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  2010 Hardware up to OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau set at 3.3  - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, 
* GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, 
* works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 up to openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* OEM 
* GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5
* GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT430 430GT (GF108) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy on Aros 32 but 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 590   Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 580, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 5&quot; or &quot;VP5&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160  H.264 decode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 570, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works gigabyte, evga 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, 
* Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit 
* Ti 256bit 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 560 Ti  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 550 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1201
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA  Doom   Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - 
* untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) -  - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 545 and OEM GF116 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT530 OEM 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT520 520GT  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;510, GT 530    
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; ddr 3 - 50w max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT610 Fermi GF119 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 315 300 GF119S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT630 GF108 Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not accelerated 2015 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 
* not working Gigabyte 
* DDR3
* GDDR5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 730 (two versions) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 
* not working Asus 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 4000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 5000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 780    GeForce GTX 780 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 6&quot; or &quot;VP6&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 770 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 740
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 730 Kepler (two versions) f
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 670
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti GK104 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu 
* not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 640
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
* 128bit DDR3
* 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W 
* 128bit GDDR5 75W 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 620 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2000 NVE7 (GK107) Kepler 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 - 50w single slot pcie 2.0 - like 740gs - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K4200 GK104 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 4Gb GDDR5 - 108W 1 6pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K420 1GB DDR3 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 41W - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 750ti, GeForce 900 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia GTX 750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1381
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 and tested in 2026 with nouveau test 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2200 (GM107) Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 - 68w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K620 Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 50w slim low profile 2gb ddr3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GM based later Maxwells probably little support 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7&quot; or &quot;VP7&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX (1070, 1080)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support up to OpenGL 4.6 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 50w slim low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce gtx 1060, GeForce 1070
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 Pascal 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 family (Pascal)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018  needs gsp firmware and latest nouveau version 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1650ti super 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 old style 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 av1 decoding ampere 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 NV170 family (Ampere) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090 ada 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce RTX 5090 blackwell GB202 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}

==== nouveau mobile integrated ====


 If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| GeForce 6100 nForce 405 
| 0x
| 0x03D1 0x0242
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 420 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0241
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 
| 0x
| 0x03D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0240
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0531
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0533
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x053A 0x053B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a
| 0x
| 0x053E
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No| }}
| some support on some chipsets 
|-
| GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73)   
| 0x10de
| 0x07e1
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) 
| 0x
| 0x084F
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce 8100P 
| 0x
| 0x0847
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 780a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 750a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084D
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;works 
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9400 (ION) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x087d
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;If AROS detects GPU chipset, works sometimes 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9700M ()
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce ION 2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works well 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0244
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0247
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0164 0x0167
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0166 0x0168
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Sony Laptop
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 Ultra 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C9
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0144
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0146
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0148
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0149
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D6
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7300 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D7
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D8 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;works 2D and 3d issues though 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x098
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0099
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7950 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0297
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GS 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0298
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0299
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0398
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0399
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6610 XL
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0145
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6700 XL 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0147
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8700M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0409
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0425
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0426
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0427
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0428
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0609
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x060C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0405
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0407
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9650M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0408
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042E
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9100M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0844
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0628
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9700M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062A
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0647
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0648
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0649
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x064B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9200M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600)
Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV84 (G84) Tesla 8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS
Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G
Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290)
GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV96 (G96)  9650M GT, 9700M GT
GeForce G 102M, GT 120
Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M)
NV98 (G98) 	GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS)
GeForce G 100, G 105M
Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450)
Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA3 (GT215) 	GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M
NVA5 (GT216) 	GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315
Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA8 (GT218) Tesla GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 210M, 305M, 310M, Quadro FX 380M, NVS 2100M, 3100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) 	GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G
NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) 	ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAF (MCP89) 	GeForce 320M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC0 (GF100) Fermi GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 5000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC1 (GF108) GeForce GT 415M, 420M, 425M, 435M, 520M, 525M, 540M, 550M, 555M, 630M, 635M, 640M LE, Quadro 1000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC3 (GF106) Fermi GeForce GT 445M, 555M, 630M, 635M), GTX 460M, Quadro 2000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC4 (GF104) GeForce GTX 470M, 485M, Quadro 5000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVCE (GF114) GeForce GTX 570M, 580M, 670M, 675M,  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD7 (GF117) Fermi Geforce GT 620M, 625M, (some) 630M, 710M, 720M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD9 (GF119) Fermi GeForce 410M, GT 520M, 520MX, 610M, Quadro NVS 4200M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE4 (GK104) GeForce GTX 670M, 680M, 775M, 780M, 860M, Quadro K3000M, K3100M, K4000M, K4100M, K5000M, K5100M, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE7 (GK107) GeForce GT640M, 645M, 650M, 710M, 720M, 730M, 740M, 745M, 750M, 755M, GTX 660M, K500M, K1000M, K1100M, K2000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 1650 mobile
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2050 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 4060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====radeon.hidd====

Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1  

3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets

&lt;pre&gt;
2014 SI        AMD HD 7xxx 
2016 GCN3rd    AMD R5E R7E 
2019 GCN5th    AMD Vega 8  
2022 RDNA1     AMD RX5500 desktop only 
2023 RDNA2     AMD 680M 780M 
2024 RDNA3     AMD 880M 890M
2025 RDNA3.5   AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 
2027 RDNA4     AMD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! 2D
! 3D
! Analogue Output
! Digital Output
! Laptop LCD
! Comments
|-
| 7000 (r100)
| 0x1002
| 0x5159 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x5157 
| 0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 8000 8500 (r200) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x514c (8500LE)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| 9000 9100 9250 (r200)
| 0x1002
| 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100)
| 0x0001
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| 9600 9800 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x300 x600 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420])
| 0x
| 0x554d (R430 x800xl)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) 
|-
| x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture 
|-
| HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 
|-
| HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700])
| 0x1002
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 - DDR3 -  GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - 
|-
| HD6900 cayman series 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - 
|-
| HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 openCL  - GDDR5  
|-
| HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - 
|-
| HD6450  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - DDR3 - 
|-
| HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670  
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - 
Radeon HD 8470 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 8350 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 7510 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6550D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6530D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6410D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6370D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6320 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6310 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6290 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6250 	11 	TeraScale 2
|-
| HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7450-HD7670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan 
Radeon HD 7660D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7560D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7540D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7480D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 6930 	11 	TeraScale 3
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands]
*AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT	
*AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde	
*AMD Radeon R9 255	 Cape Verde PRX	
*AMD Radeon HD 7750  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon R7 250E	 Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 8740  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 7730	 Cape Verde LE
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 430, FirePro W2100, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260  260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 Fury Nano 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL  openCL vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro WX 9100, x200 Series and Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 7900/7600 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700/6600/6500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


==== amd radeon mobile integrated ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x00
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 7500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x4c57 (7500)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9000 
| 0x1002
| 0x4966 (9000)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380)
| 0x1002
| 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) 
| 0x1002
| 0x791f
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;X1200 IGP (RS690)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x71c7 (X1650) 
| 0x009e
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 2100
| 0x1002
| 0x796e (2100)
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670)
| 0x1002 
| 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620)
| 0x1002
| 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770)
| 0x1002 
| 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 Maybe better with Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 AMDGPU Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 285 / R9 380  R9 380X  Fury / Fury X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX460 RX560D polaris11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX580 polaris20 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 6000 Navi 2x 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX6000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RNDA 3 navi
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX9070 rx 9060 XT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 rdna4 navi
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 udna (aka rdna5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; GCN 5
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used 


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only 


*Vulkan
*Gallium


Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen.

bare bones basics data flow

 application,&gt;&gt;&gt; api/opengl/vulkan&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, jit compiler, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;memory manger, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;gpu hardware

so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render.

the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance

Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL 

RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. 


==Rough gfx comparison==

&lt;pre&gt;

Group 1

GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 
GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 


Group 2

GeForce RTX 2070
Radeon RX 7600
Quadro RTX 5000
Radeon PRO W6600
GeForce RTX 2060 12GB
Radeon PRO W7500
Quadro GP100
Radeon RX 6800S
GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU
GeForce GTX 1080
GeForce RTX 3060 8GB
Quadro RTX 4000
Radeon Pro W5700
Radeon RX 6600
GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile)
Radeon RX 7700S
Radeon RX 6700S
Radeon RX 6600S
Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile)
GeForce GTX 1070 Ti
GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU
Radeon Pro Vega 64X
Radeon RX 5700
Radeon RX Vega 64
GeForce RTX 2060
GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design


Group 3

Radeon RX 6600M
GeForce GTX 1070
Radeon RX 6650M
GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU
Radeon RX Vega 56
Radeon RX 6700M
GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6800M
GeForce GTX 980 Ti
Radeon R9 Fury
GeForce GTX 980
Quadro M5500
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon RX 580
Radeon RX 5500
Radeon RX 6550M
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 780 Ti
GeForce GTX 970
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon RX 480
Radeon RX 5600M
Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design
Radeon R9 290X / 390X
Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 290
Radeon Pro 5500 XT
Radeon R9 M490 *
GeForce GTX 780 
Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6500
Radeon RX 5300
Intel Arc A770M
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Radeon Pro 580X
Radeon RX 6400
GeForce RTX 2050
Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS
GeForce GTX 980M
Quadro M5000M
Radeon RX 6300
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design
Radeon Pro 570
Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti
Quadro M4000M
Radeon R9 280X  380X 
GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design
GeForce MX570
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon 780M
GeForce GTX 960
GeForce GTX 970M
Quadro M4000M *
GeForce GTX 680


Group 4 

Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
Radeon Pro WX 7100
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 1650
Intel Arc A730M
Radeon HD 7970
Radeon R9 M395X
Radeon R9 M485X
Radeon R9 M480 *
Radeon R9 M295X
Radeon R9 M390X *
FirePro W7170M *
Radeon R9 M395
Radeon R7 370
Radeon RX 5500M
GeForce GTX 590
GeForce GTX 880M
GeForce GTX 950
Radeon R9 270X
GeForce GTX 660 Ti
GeForce GTX 760
GeForce GTX 780M
Quadro K5100M
GeForce GTX 680MX
Radeon HD 7870
GeForce GTX 965M
Quadro M3000M *
GeForce GTX 870M
Radeon R9 M290X
Radeon HD 8970M
Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) 
GeForce GTX 580
Radeon HD 6970
GeForce GTX 1050
GeForce GTX 680M
GeForce GTX 775M
GeForce GTX 1630
FirePro M6100
Radeon HD 7970M
Radeon R9 M390 *
GeForce GTX 750 Ti


Group 5

GeForce GTX 570
GeForce GTX 480
GeForce GTX 960M
Quadro M2000M *
Quadro K5000M
Quadro K4100M
GeForce GTX 770M
GeForce GTX 860M
GeForce GTX 675MX
GeForce GTX 950M
GeForce GTX 850M
Quadro M1000M
Radeon R9 M280X
Radeon HD 7950M *
GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Radeon HD 6870
GeForce GTX 470
GeForce GT 1030
GeForce MX330
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 5800HS 
FirePro 3D V8800
GeForce MX250


Group 6

Radeon Pro WX 3200
Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H
Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U
Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U
Radeon Pro WX 4150
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G
Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE
GeForce GTX 485M
FirePro W6150M
Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M470
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U
Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE
Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U
FirePro V7900
Radeon HD 5970
Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G
Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE
Radeon RX 550X
FirePro V8800
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U
GeForce MX150
Quadro K3100M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R7 250X
Intel HD 5600
Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 460
Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U
Quadro K620
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics
Intel Iris Pro P580
Intel UHD Graphics P630
Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5870
Radeon HD 6870
Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 7770
Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U
GeForce GTX 745
Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile
Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U
Quadro M600M
Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U
Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics


Group 7 

GeForce 945M
Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro M5100
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U
GeForce GTX 580M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M385
Quadro 5000M
Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U
Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics
FirePro V7800
Radeon R9 350
Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G
Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U
GeForce GTX 460 SE
Radeon Pro W5500M
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G
Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GT 645
GeForce GTX 765M
Radeon R9 M385X
Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5850
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G
Intel Iris Pro 580
Radeon HD 6850
Intel Iris Xe MAX
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U
Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core
GeForce GTX 470M
Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 670MX
Radeon RX 640
Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3
Radeon R7 450
GeForce GTX 675M
Radeon Pro WX 4130
Intel Iris Xe MAX 100
Quadro 5000
Radeon RX 570X
Radeon HD 7700-serie
Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 8 


Group 8 
 
GeForce MX230
GeForce GTX 765M
Quadro K4000M
Iris Pro Graphics P580 *
Iris Pro Graphics 580 *
GeForce GTX 645
Quadro M520
GeForce GTX 570M
GeForce MX130
Radeon RX 540
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U
Intel UHD Graphics 770
Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE 
Radeon HD 5850
GeForce GTX 675M
GeForce GTX 580M
Radeon HD 6990M
Radeon R9 M385X *
Radeon R9 M470X *
Radeon R9 M470 *
Radeon R9 M385 *
Radeon R9 M380 *
Radeon R9 M370X
Radeon R9 M275
Radeon HD 7770
GeForce GTX 485M
GeForce GTX 460 768MB
Radeon HD 6790
GeForce GTX 285M SLI
Quadro K3100M
FirePro W5170M *
GeForce GTX 670MX
Quadro 5010M
GeForce GTX 760M
GeForce GTX 670M


Group 9 

GeForce 940MX *
Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5)
FirePro M8900
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R9 M270
Radeon HD 8870M
Radeon HD 7870M
Quadro K3000M
GeForce GTX 570M
FirePro M6000
FirePro M5100
Quadro K2100M
Radeon HD 5770
GeForce GTX 550 Ti
GeForce GTX 280M SLI
Radeon HD 6950M
Radeon R7 250
GeForce GT 755M
GeForce GTX 660M
GeForce 845M
Radeon HD 8850M
Radeon R9 M365X
Radeon R9 M265X
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro W5130M *
Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U 
Radeon HD 7850M
Radeon HD 8790M
FirePro W4170M
FirePro W4190M
FirePro W4100
Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U
Quadro 4000M
GeForce GTX 470M
GeForce GTX 480M
GeForce GT 750M
Iris Pro Graphics 6200
Quadro K1100M
GeForce 940M
Radeon R9 M375
GeForce 930MX *
Radeon R7 M380 *
Radeon R7 M370
Quadro M600M *
GeForce GT 650M
Quadro K620M
GeForce 840M
Radeon R7 M275DX
GeForce GT 745M
Radeon HD 7770M
GeForce GTX 560M
Radeon R7 
Iris Pro Graphics 5200
GeForce GT 740M
GeForce 930M
Radeon HD 4850


Group 10

Iris Graphics 550 *
GeForce 830M
Iris Graphics 540
Quadro M500M *
Quadro K2000M
GeForce GTS 450
GeForce GTX 260M SLI
GeForce GT 735M
Mobility Radeon HD 5870
GeForce 825M
Quadro 5000M
FirePro M4000
FirePro M7820
Radeon HD 6870M
GeForce 9800M GTX SLI
Radeon HD 8830M *
Radeon HD 8770M
Radeon R7 M260X
GeForce GTX 460M
GeForce 920MX *
GeForce GT 730M
Radeon HD 7750M
GeForce GT 645M *
FirePro M4100
Radeon HD 8750M
Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G
Quadro 3000M
Radeon R7 M270
Radeon R7 M265
Quadro FX 3800M
GeForce GTX 285M
Mobility Radeon HD 4870
GeForce GT 640M
Radeon R7 (Kaveri)
Radeon R8 M365DX
Radeon R7 M460 *
Radeon HD 7730M
Radeon R7 M360
GeForce GTX 280M
Radeon HD 8690M
Quadro FX 3700M
Radeon R7 M340
GeForce 920M
Radeon R6 M340DX
HD Graphics 530
HD Graphics P530
Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU
Radeon R7 M260
Radeon R6 


Group 11

Mobility Radeon HD 4860
FirePro M7740
Mobility Radeon HD 4850
GeForce GTX 260M
GeForce 9800M GTX
Quadro FX 2800M
Radeon HD 8670D
Radeon HD 7690M XT
FirePro M5950
GeForce GT 640M LE
Radeon R6 (Kaveri)
Radeon HD 8650M *
Radeon HD 8730M
Radeon HD 6770M
GeForce GT 635M
GeForce GT 555M
Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B
Radeon HD 5670
Mobility Radeon HD 5850
Radeon HD 6850M
Quadro 2000M
GeForce 9800M GT
GeForce 8800M GTX
Quadro FX 3600M
GeForce GT 445M
GeForce GTS 360M


Group 12

GeForce GT 240
Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700
Radeon HD 7690M
HD Graphics 5600
Radeon HD 8570D
Radeon HD 8670M
Radeon R6 M255DX
Radeon HD 7660D
Radeon HD 6750M
Quadro K1000M
GeForce GT 550M
Radeon HD 8590M *
GeForce GTS 260M
GeForce GTS 160M
GeForce 9800M GTS
GeForce GT 430
Radeon HD 6830M
Mobility Radeon HD 5830
Radeon HD 6730M *
GeForce 9800M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 4830
Mobility Radeon HD 5770
Radeon HD 6570M
Radeon HD 8650G
Radeon HD 7670M
GeForce GT 630M
Radeon HD 7560D
GeForce GTS 150M *
Radeon R5 M335
Radeon R5 M430 *
Radeon R5 M330
Radeon R5 M255
Radeon Vega 3
Quadro 1000M
GeForce 820M
FirePro W2100
HD Graphics 520 620 
Iris Graphics 6100


GeForce GT 720M
GeForce 8800M GTS
Radeon R5 M240
Radeon R5 M320 *
Radeon R5 M230
Radeon R5 M315 *
Mobility Radeon HD 5750 *
Radeon HD 8570M
Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B
HD Graphics 6000
Quadro K610M
Radeon HD 8550M
Iris Graphics 5100
GeForce GT 540M
Mali-T880 MP12 *
Radeon HD 8610G *
Radeon HD 6650M
HD Graphics 4600
Mobility Radeon HD 5730
HD Graphics 5500
Radeon R5 (Carrizo) *
Radeon R5 (Kaveri)
FirePro M5800
NVS 5400M
GeForce 710M
Radeon HD 7660G
GeForce GT 435M
HD Graphics 5000


Quadro K510M *
Radeon HD 5570
Radeon HD 6550M
Radeon HD 7590M *
GeForce GTS 350M
GeForce GTS 250M
Radeon HD 6630M
Radeon HD 7650M
FirePro M2000
Radeon HD 7570M
Radeon HD 7630M
Quadro FX 1800M
Mobility Radeon HD 5650
Radeon HD 8510G *
Radeon HD 6530M
Radeon HD 8550G
Quadro K500M *
GeForce GT 625M *
GeForce GT 620M
GeForce GT 525M
Radeon HD 6550D *
Radeon HD 7610M
Radeon HD 7620G
Radeon HD 8470D
Radeon HD 7640G
Adreno 530
GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU)
HD Graphics 4400
HD Graphics 510 515 *


NVS 5200M
Mobility Radeon HD 565v
Radeon HD 7550M
Mobility Radeon HD 4670
GeForce GT 425M
GeForce 9700M GTS
Radeon HD 6645G2 *
Quadro FX 2700M
GeForce GT 335M
Radeon HD 7600G
Mobility Radeon HD 3870
Mobility Radeon HD 4650
GeForce GT 220
GeForce GT 420M
Radeon HD 7530M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3850
GeForce GT 330M
Quadro FX 880M
Quadro NVS 5100M
GeForce GT 240M
Radeon HD 7490M *
HD Graphics 5300
Radeon HD 7510M *
GeForce Go 7950 GTX
Quadro FX 3500M
GeForce 8700M GT SLI
GeForce 9700M GT
GeForce GT 230M
Mobility Radeon HD 550v
Radeon HD 7480D
HD Graphics 4000
Mali-T760 MP8
Radeon HD 6620G
HD Graphics (Broadwell) *
Adreno 430
Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L)
Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri)
HD Graphics (Skylake) *


Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5
Radeon HD 7500G
Radeon HD 8450G
Radeon HD 7470M
Radeon HD 6490M
Radeon HD 8400
Mali-T880 MP4
GeForce GT 520MX
Radeon HD 7520G
GeForce GT 325M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI
GeForce 8600M GT SLI
GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI
GeForce GT 130M
NVS 4200M
GeForce Go 7900 GTX
Quadro FX 2500M
Radeon HD 8350G
Radeon HD 8330
GeForce 9650M GS
GeForce 9650M GT
Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema)
GeForce 8700M GT
Quadro FX 1700M
Quadro FX 1600M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX
GeForce Go 7900 GS
Quadro NVS 320M
Quadro FX 1500M
GeForce 9600M GT
GeForce GT 220M
Quadro FX 770M
GeForce GT 120M
Radeon HD 7450M
GeForce 610M
GeForce 705M
Mali-T760 MP6
Radeon HD 6470M
FirePro M3900 *
GeForce GT 520M
Radeon HD 7420G
Mobility Radeon HD 3670
Mobility FireGL V5725
PowerVR GX6450
Adreno 420
HD Graphics (Haswell)


Radeon HD 6520G
Radeon HD 8310G *
GeForce 320M
GeForce GT 320M
Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT
Mobility Radeon X1900
Mobility Radeon X1800XT
Mobility Radeon X1800
GeForce Go 6800 Ultra
GeForce Go 7800
GeForce 9600M GS
GeForce 9500M GS
Radeon HD 7400G
Radeon HD 6480G *
Mobility Radeon HD 2700
GeForce GT 415M
GeForce 410M
Radeon HD 7370M
Adreno 418
HD Graphics (Cherry Trail)
Radeon HD 6370M
Radeon HD 8280
Mobility Radeon HD 5470
Radeon HD 6450M
Radeon HD 7430M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3650
Mobility FireGL V5700
Mobility Radeon HD 5145
Mobility Radeon HD 545v
Radeon R6 (Mullins) *
Radeon HD 8240
Radeon HD 8250
Mobility Radeon HD 4570
Quadro FX 570M
Mobility Radeon HD 5450 *
Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) *
GeForce 8600M GT
Mobility Radeon HD 2600
HD Graphics 3000
Quadro FX 380M
GeForce 310M
GeForce G210M
NVS 3100M
GeForce 405M
GeForce 315M
GeForce Go 7600 GT
GeForce 9500M G
GeForce 8600M GS
NVS 2100M
GeForce Go 7700
GeForce Go 6800
Quadro FX Go 1400
Mobility Radeon X800XT
Radeon HD 6430M *
Radeon HD 6380G *
Mobility Radeon HD 5430
Radeon HD 8210
Mobility Radeon HD 540v
Mobility Radeon HD 4550
HD Graphics 2500
HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge)


Quadro NVS 310 
Radeon HD 7350M *
Radeon HD 6350M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4530
Mobility Radeon HD 4350
Radeon HD 4350
GeForce 305M
Mobility Radeon X1700
Mobility FireGL V5250
Mobility Radeon X2500
GeForce Go 7600
Quadro NVS 300M
Mobility Radeon X800
Mobility Radeon X1600
Mobility FireGL V5200
Mobility Radeon 9800
GeForce Go 6600
Mobility Radeon X1450
Mobility Radeon X700
Mobility FireGL V5000
GeForce G 110M
Quadro NVS 295 
Radeon HD 6330M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4330
GeForce 8400M GT
Quadro NVS 140M
HD Graphics 2000
GeForce 9500M GE *
GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE)
HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) *


Adreno 330
PowerVR G6430
PowerVR GX6250
PowerVR G6400
HD Graphics (Bay Trail)
Mali-T628 MP6
Mali-T760 MP4
Chrome9HD *
Radeon HD 7340
Radeon HD 6320 *
Radeon HD 7310
Radeon HD 6310 *
Radeon HD 8180
Mobility Radeon HD 3470
GeForce 9300M G
ION 2 *
GeForce 9300M GS
Quadro FX 370M
Quadro NVS 160M
GeForce 9200M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Mobility Radeon HD 3430
Mobility Radeon HD 3410
Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT
Radeon HD 4270
Radeon HD 4250
Radeon HD 7290 *
Radeon HD 6290 *
Radeon HD 4200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics
Radeon HD 6250


Quadro NVS 150M
Quadro FX 360M
Mobility Radeon X1350
Mobility Radeon X1400
GeForce 9100M G
GeForce 8400M GS
Quadro NVS 135M
Mobility Radeon HD 2400
Radeon HD 3200
Radeon HD 4225 *
Radeon HD 4100 *
SGX554MP4
Mali-T628 MP4
Mobility Radeon HD 3400 *
Radeon HD 3100
GeForce 8400M G
Mali-T860 MP2
Quadro NVS 130M
GeForce 8200M G
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M
Mali-T604 MP4
GeForce Go 7400
Quadro FX 350M
Quadro NVS 120M
GeForce Go 7300
GeForce Tegra 4 *
PowerVR G6200
Adreno 405 *
Quadro NVS 110M
Mobility Radeon X600
Mobility FireGL V3200
Mobility FireGL V3100
Mobility Radeon HD X2300
Mobility Radeon 9700


Mobility FireGL T2e
Mobility Radeon X1300
GeForce4 4200 Go
Mobility Radeon 9600
Mobility FireGL T2
Mobility Radeon 9550
GeForce Go 7200
GeForce Go 6400
Mobility Radeon X300
GeForce Go 6250
GeForce Go 6200
GeForce FX Go 5700
Quadro FX Go 1000
GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650
Radeon Xpress X1270
Radeon Xpress X1250
Radeon Xpress X1200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100
Mali-T624
Adreno 320 *
Mali-T760 MP2
Mali-T720 MP4
Mali-450 MP4
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 *
GeForce 7190M *
GeForce 7150M
Radeon Xpress 1150
GeForce Go 6150
GeForce Go 6100
GeForce 7000M
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 *
Mobility Radeon 9200
Mobility FireGL 9000
GeForce FX Go 5200
Mobility Radeon 9000
GeForce 4 488 Go
GeForce 4 460 Go
GeForce 4 440 Go
GeForce 4 420 Go
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 
SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 *
Mali-T720 MP2
Mali-T720
Adreno 302 304 305 306
Mobility Radeon 7500
Mobility FireGL 7800
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 


Radeon Xpress 200M
Radeon Xpress 1100
Mirage 3+ 672MX
Mirage 3 671MX
Mali-400 MP4 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) *
VideoCore-IV *
Adreno 220 225*
Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core
Mali-400 MP2 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 *
SGX540 *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500
Adreno 205 *
Adreno 203 *
GC800 *
SGX535
SGX531
SGX530
Adreno 200 *
Mali-200 *
GeForce 3 Go *
GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100
Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP
Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP
Mobility Radeon M7
Mobility Radeon M6
Chrome9 HC
Extreme Graphics 2
Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP
Radeon IGP 340M
Radeon IGP 320M
S3G UniChrome Pro II
S3G UniChrome Pro
Castle Rock
Mirage 2 M760
Mirage M661FX
S3 Graphics ProSavage8
Mobility 128 M3
SM502 *
&lt;/pre&gt;


Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need...

DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a &quot;vendor-neutral&quot; portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. 

&quot;let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!&quot; - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. 

There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). 

Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. 

Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA &amp; AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD &amp; Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. 


So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like:

* AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (radeonsi)  
* AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (r600g) -&gt; games/apps/etc.
* NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (nouveau) -&gt; games/apps.
* Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (i945) -&gt; games/apps.


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=30%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Fudomi GC888A
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 100in throw projector 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vamvo VF320 (720P) 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Happrun H1 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 100in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Zentality A10 Plus 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 110in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nexigo nova mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nebula mars 3 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;dangbei freedo 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;benq gv50 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. 
AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. 


Bluetooth is similarly unlikely to be ever supported due to huge cost to be certified. 


No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed.</text>
      <sha1>juazb0nl3qu763szw9xcus5z7n7opst</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Baking Powder Biscuits</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>27408</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641755</id>
      <parentid>4526107</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T21:45:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WhatamIdoing</username>
        <id>483040</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Formatting</comment>
      <origin>4641755</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3601" sha1="otcaivd8jb3v0yemjhavurgiubirmz3" xml:space="preserve">{{recipe summary
| category = Bread recipes
| Cuisine = United States
| servings = 
| time = 45 minutes
| difficulty = 2
| image = 
| energy = 
| note = 
}}
{{recipe}} | [[Cookbook:Bread|Bread]] | [[Cookbook:Breakfast|Breakfast]]

'''Baking powder biscuits''' are a type of quick bread sometimes served with [[Cookbook:Lunch|lunch]] or [[Cookbook:Dinner|dinner]], especially for an informal or casual meal. Sometimes biscuits are served with [[Cookbook:Gravy|gravy]]. Often biscuits are served with [[Cookbook:Breakfast|breakfast]]. Eaters typically apply [[Cookbook:Butter|butter]], [[Cookbook:Honey|honey]], [[Cookbook:Jam|jam]], or [[Cookbook:Jelly|jelly]] to their biscuits. For breakfast, an eater might add a [[Cookbook:Fried Eggs|fried egg]], fried [[Cookbook:Ham|ham]], [[Cookbook:Sausage|sausage]] or [[Cookbook:Cheese|cheese]]. 

Biscuits come in two forms, cut and dropped. Cut biscuits use a fairly normal dough that is [[Cookbook:Rolling Pin|rolled]] out and cut with a circular [[Cookbook:Cookie Cutter|cookie cutter]]. Drop biscuits use a somewhat wetter dough that is dropped onto a [[Cookbook:Cookie Sheet|cookie sheet]] with a spoon.

==Ingredients==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: none&quot;
!Ingredient
!Count
!Volume
&lt;ref group=&quot;note&quot;&gt;Weight conversions from USDA National Nutrient Database. Original recipe text and ingredient order preserved. Used cups and spoon values for conversions.  Presumed all purpose flour, household composite vegetable shortening, and whole milk.  The two milk weights are given as a range and are sequentially reversed from the order given in the volumetric text.&lt;/ref&gt;
!Weight
![[Cookbook:Baker's Percentage|Baker's %]] (optional)
|-
| colspan=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; background: #f5f5f5&quot; |'''Component 1'''
|-
|[[Cookbook:Flour|Flour]]
|
|2 [[Cookbook:Cup|cups]] (240 [[Cookbook:mL|ml]]) 
|250 g
|100%
|-
|[[Cookbook:Baking Powder|Baking powder]]
|
|1 [[Cookbook:Tablespoon|Tbsp]] (15 ml) 
|13.8 g
|5.52%
|-
|[[Cookbook:Salt|Salt]]
|
|⅓ [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|t]]&lt;nowiki/&gt;sp (2 ml) 
|2 g
|0.8%
|-
|[[Cookbook:Lard|Lard]] or [[Cookbook:Shortening|shortening]]
|
|⅓ cup (80 ml) 
|68 g
|27.33%
|-
|[[Cookbook:Milk|Milk]]
|
|1 cup (240 ml) for drop biscuits or{{Paragraph break}}
¾ cup (180 ml) for cut biscuits
|183–244 g
|73.2–97.6%
|-
|'''Total'''
|
|
|'''517–578 g'''
|'''206.85–231.25%'''
|}

==Procedure==
#Mix the dry ingredients.
#Cut in the [[Cookbook:Fat|fat]], preferably as you would for an [[Cookbook:Apple Crisp|apple crisp]] or traditional [[Cookbook:Pie Crust|pie crust]].
#Add the milk, mixing only as needed to wet the dough or batter.
#If doing drop biscuits, plop the batter by large spoonfuls onto a greased or [[Cookbook:Parchment Paper|parchment]]-lined [[Cookbook:Baking Sheet|cookie sheet]]. Otherwise, for cut biscuits:
##Give the dough a quick [[Cookbook:Knead|knead]].
##Roll the dough out to ½ inch thick, using flour as needed to avoid sticking.
##Cut circles with a 2.5-inch cookie cutter, or carve hexagons (a honeycomb pattern) with a knife.
#Space the biscuits 1 inch apart on the cookie sheet.
#[[Cookbook:Baking|Bake]] 10–12 minutes in a [[Cookbook:Oven_Temperatures|450°F]] [[Cookbook:Oven|oven]], stopping when lightly browned on top.
#Serve hot.

==Conversion notes==
{{reflist|group=note}}

[[Category:Breakfast recipes|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Biscuit recipes|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Southern U.S. recipes]]
[[Category:Baking recipes]]
[[Category:Recipes using baking powder]]
[[Category:Recipes using wheat flour]]
[[Category:Recipes using lard]]
[[Category:Recipes using cow milk]]</text>
      <sha1>otcaivd8jb3v0yemjhavurgiubirmz3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Russian/Introduction</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>53425</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641728</id>
      <parentid>3353835</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T17:32:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-37569-25</username>
        <id>3610844</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Before saying anything, I want to clarify that my English is not the best when it comes to writing articles and other stuff that uses formal English. Apologies for any potential misunderstanding going forward. Now, as for the changes: I added a small note encouraging people to surround themselves with Russian media to gather vocabulary and to remember the language. As a matter of fact, this is how people learn their first language and this is how I myself learned English.</comment>
      <origin>4641728</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1295" sha1="8w2x4fh6cs7i2z6cp9oeilp7du8zcgs" xml:space="preserve">{{Russian}}
The '''Russian Wikibook''' is designed to present lesson material through intellectually conducive methods. The lessons are designed to give maximum immersion, and will only provide Cyrillic text. It might be frustrating initially, but learning the [[Russian/Alphabet|alphabet]] quickly is the first step to facilitating quicker progress. 

[[Image:Yaroslavl Elias Cathedral 001.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Церковь Ильи-пророка, Elijiah Church]]
The lessons aim to provide the student with a good knowledge of reading and writing. As with any language, to learn Russian it is best to find a language partner: a native speaker who is patient and willing to help correct your mistakes. A book can only take even the most self-motivated student so far. This book is highly integrated with Wiktionary and Wikipedia, giving a stronger foundation in vocabulary and culture. It is highly suggested to read the Wikipedia articles about [[w:Russia|Russia]], [[w:Russian language|Russian language]], and [[w:Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic alphabet]].

It is highly encouraged to surround yourself with Russian media (music, movies, games, etc.) to gather vocabulary, and to keep yourself from forgetting the language.
----
&lt;big&gt;'''[[Russian/Alphabet|Alphabet &gt;&gt;]]'''&lt;/big&gt; 
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>8w2x4fh6cs7i2z6cp9oeilp7du8zcgs</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>CCNA Certification/Application Layer</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>113972</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641741</id>
      <parentid>3823255</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T19:01:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-37301-90</username>
        <id>3610860</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* DHCP and firewalls */</comment>
      <origin>4641741</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21181" sha1="h49dulxkkfg5ni05nnqf2hue8wvz8xz" xml:space="preserve">{{CCNA Certification}}

=Application Layer=
The application layer is the seventh level of the seven-layer OSI model. It interfaces directly to and performs common application services for the application processes; it also issues requests to the presentation layer.

The common application layer services provide semantic conversion between associated application processes. Note: Examples of common application services of general interest include the virtual file, virtual terminal, and job transfer and manipulation protocols.

The application layer of the four layer and five layer TCP/IP models corresponds to the application layer, the presentation layer and session layer in the seven layer OSI model.

==Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol==
'''DHCP''' is a protocol used by networked host (''clients'') to obtain IP addresses and other parameters such as the default gateway, subnet mask, and IP address of DNS servers from a DHCP server. It facilitates access to a network because these settings would otherwise have to be made manually for the client to participate in the network.

The DHCP server ensures that all IP addresses are unique, e.g., no IP address is assigned to a second client while the first client's assignment is valid (its ''lease'' has not expired). Thus IP address pool management is done by the server and not by a human network administrator.

DHCP functionally became a successor to the older BOOTP protocol, whose leases were given for infinite time and did not support options. Due to the backward-compatibility of DHCP, very few networks continue to use pure BOOTP.

===IP address allocation===
Depending on implementation, the DHCP server has three methods of allocating IP addresses:
* '''manual allocation''', where the DHCP server performs the allocation based on a table with MAC address - IP address pairs manually filled by the server administrator. Only requesting clients with a MAC address listed in this table get the IP address according to the table.
* '''automatic allocation''', where the DHCP server permanently assigns to a requesting client a free IP address from a range given by the administrator.
* '''dynamic allocation''', the only method which provides dynamic re-use of IP addresses. A network administrator assigns a range of IP addresses to DHCP, and each client computer on the LAN has its TCP/IP software configured to request an IP address from the DHCP server when that client computer's network interface card starts up. The request-and-grant process uses a lease concept with a controllable time period. This eases the network installation procedure on the client computer side considerably.

This decision is generally unapparent to clients.

Some DHCP server implementations can update the DNS name associated with the client hosts to reflect the new IP address. They make use of the DNS update protocol established with RFC 2136.

===Configuring the IOS DHCP Server===
* Setup a DHCP Database Agent
Using the IP DHCP database command, configure a DHCP database store. Alternately, use the no IP DHCP conflict logging command to disable logging of DHCP conflicts.
* Setup Excluded IP addresses
Use the ip dhcp excluded-address command to configure any IP addresses which fall within the DHCP pool address range but which should not be allocated to clients.
* Configure the address pool
Firstly, create a DHCP Poll with the IP DHCP pool name command. Next, when in the DHCP pool mode, use the network command to add network ranges to the DHCP pool.
* Configure the default DNS server
Use the dns-server command to set the IP addresses of the default DNS servers.
* Configure the default route
Use the default-router command to set the default route of DHCP clients.
* Enable the DHCP Server
Use the service DHCP command to enable the DHCP Server.

===DHCP and firewalls===
Firewalls usually have to permit DHCP traffic explicitly. Specification of the DHCP client-server protocol describes several cases when packets must have the source address of &lt;tt&gt;0x00000000&lt;/tt&gt; or the destination address of &lt;tt&gt;0xffffffff&lt;/tt&gt;. Anti-spoofing policy rules and tight inclusive firewalls often stop such packets. Multi-homed DHCP servers require special consideration and further complicate bbsh

To allow DHCP, network administrators need to allow several types of packets through the server-side firewall. All DHCP packets travel as UDP datagrams; all client-sent packets have source port 68 and destination port 67; all server-sent packets have source port 67 and destination port 68. For example, a server-side firewall should allow the following types of packets:
* Incoming packets from 0.0.0.0 or dhcp-pool to dhcp-ip
* Incoming packets from any address to 255.255.255.255
* Outgoing packets from dhcp-ip to dhcp-pool or 255.255.255.255
where ''dhcp-ip'' represents any address configured on a DHCP server host and ''dhcp-pool'' stands for the pool from which a DHCP server assigns addresses to clients

===Example in Cisco IOS Extended ACL===
The following entries are valid on a Cisco 3560 switch with enabled DHCP service. The ACL is applied to a routed interface, 10.32.73.129, on input. The subnet is 10.32.73.128/26.
 10 permit udp host 0.0.0.0 eq bootpc host 10.32.73.129 eq bootps
 20 permit udp 10.32.73.128 0.0.0.63 eq bootpc host 10.32.73.129 eq bootps
 30 permit udp any eq bootpc host 255.255.255.255 eq bootps

===Technical details===
[[Image:DHCP_session_en.svg|thumb|Schema of a typical DHCP session]]

DHCP uses the same two IANA assigned ports as BOOTP: 67/udp for the server side, and 68/udp for the client side.

DHCP operations fall into four basic phases. These phases are IP lease request, IP lease offer, IP lease selection, and IP lease acknowledgement.

====DHCP discovery====
The client broadcasts on the local physical subnet to find available servers. Network administrators can configure a local router to forward DHCP packets to a DHCP server on a different subnet. This client-implementation creates a UDP packet with the broadcast destination of 255.255.255.255 or subnet broadcast address.

A client can also request its last-known IP address (in the example below, 192.168.1.100). If the client is still in a network where this IP is valid, the server might grant the request. Otherwise, it depends whether the server is set up as  authoritative or not. An authoritative server will deny the request, making the client ask for a new IP immediately. A non-authoritative server simply ignores the request, leading to an implementation dependent time out for the client to give up on the request and ask for a new IP.

&lt;table class=&quot;wikitable&quot;&gt;&lt;caption&gt;DHCPDISCOVER&lt;/caption&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;UDP Src=0.0.0.0 sPort=68 Dest=255.255.255.255 dPort=67&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;OP&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;HTYPE&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;HLEN&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;HOPS&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x01&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x01&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x06&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x00&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;XID&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x3903F326&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=2&gt;SECS&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=2&gt;FLAGS&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;0x0000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;0x0000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;CIADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;YIADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;SIADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;GIADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;CHADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00053C04&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x8D590000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;192 octets of 0's. BOOTP legacy&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 53: DHCP Discover&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 50: 192.168.1.100 requested&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

====DHCP offers====
When a DHCP server receives an IP lease request from a client, it extends an IP lease offer. This is done by reserving an IP address for the client and sending a DHCPOFFER message across the network to the client. This message contains the client's MAC address, followed by the IP address that the server is offering, the subnet mask, the lease duration, and the IP address of the DHCP server making the offer.

The server determines the configuration, based on the client's hardware address as specified in the CHADDR field. Here the server, 192.168.1.1, specifies the IP address in the YIADDR field.

&lt;table class=&quot;wikitable&quot;&gt;&lt;caption&gt;DHCPOFFER&lt;/caption&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;UDP Src=192.168.1.1  sPort=67 Dest=255.255.255.255  dPort=68 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;OP&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;HTYPE&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;HLEN&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;HOPS&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x02&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x01&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x06&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x00&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;XID&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x3903F326&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=2&gt;SECS&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=2&gt;FLAGS&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;0x0000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;0x0000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;CIADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;YIADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0xC0A80164&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;SIADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;GIADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;CHADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00053C04&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x8D590000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;192 octets of 0's. BOOTP legacy&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 53: DHCP Offer&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 1: 255.255.255.0 subnet mask&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 3: 192.168.1.1 router&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 51: 1 day IP lease time&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 54: 192.168.1.1 DHCP server&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

====DHCP requests====
The client selects a configuration out of the DHCP &quot;Offer&quot; packets it has received and broadcasts it on the local subnet. Again, this client requests the 192.168.1.100 address that the server specified.  In case the client has received multiple offers it specifies the server from which it has accepted the offer.

&lt;table class=&quot;wikitable&quot;&gt;&lt;caption&gt;DHCPREQUEST&lt;/caption&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;UDP Src=0.0.0.0  sPort=68 Dest=255.255.255.255 dPort=67 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;OP&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;HTYPE&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;HLEN&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;HOPS&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x01&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x01&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x06&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x00&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;XID&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x3903F326&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=2&gt;SECS&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=2&gt;FLAGS&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;0x0000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;0x0000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;CIADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;YIADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;SIADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;GIADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;CHADDR&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00053C04&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x8D590000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;192 octets of 0's. BOOTP legacy&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 53: DHCP Request&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 50: 192.168.1.100 requested&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 54: 192.168.1.1 DHCP server.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

====DHCP acknowledgement====

When the DHCP server receives the DHCPREQUEST message from the client, it initiates the final phase of the configuration process. This acknowledgement phase involves sending a DHCPACK packet to the client. This packet includes the lease duration and any other configuration information that the client might have requested. At this point, the TCP/IP configuration process is complete.

The server acknowledges the request and sends the acknowledgement to the client. The system as a whole expects the client to configure its network interface with the supplied options.

&lt;table class=&quot;wikitable&quot;&gt;&lt;caption&gt;DHCPACK&lt;/caption&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;UDP Src=192.168.1.1  sPort=67  Dest=255.255.255.255  dPort=68 &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;OP&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;HTYPE&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;HLEN&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;HOPS&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x02&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x01&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x06&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;0x00&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;XID&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x3903F326&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=2&gt;SECS&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th colspan=2&gt;FLAGS&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;0x0000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=2&gt;0x0000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;CIADDR (Client IP Address)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;YIADDR (Your IP Address)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0xC0A80164&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;SIADDR (Server IP Address)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;GIADDR (Relay IP Address)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th colspan=4&gt;CHADDR (Client Hardware Address)&lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00053C04&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x8D590000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;0x00000000&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;192 octets of 0's. BOOTP legacy&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 53: DHCP ACK&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 1: 255.255.255.0 subnet mask&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 3: 192.168.1.1 router&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 51: 1 day IP lease time&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=4&gt;DHCP option 54: 192.168.1.1 DHCP server&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;

====DHCP selection====
When the client PC receives an IP lease offer, it must tell all the other DHCP servers that it has accepted an offer. To do this, the client broadcasts a DHCPREQUEST message containing the IP address of the server that made the offer. When the other DHCP servers receive this message, they withdraw any offers that they might have made to the client. They then return the address that they had reserved for the client back to the pool of valid addresses that they can offer to another computer. Any number of DHCP servers can respond to an IP lease request, but the client can only accept one offer per network interface card.

====DHCP information====
The client sends a request to the DHCP server: either to request more information than the server sent with the original DHCPACK; or to repeat data for a particular application - for example, browsers use ''DHCP Inform'' to obtain web proxy settings via WPAD.  Such queries do not cause the DHCP server to refresh the IP expiry time in its database.

====DHCP releasing====
The client sends a request to the DHCP server to release the DHCP and the client unconfigures its IP address. As clients usually do not know when users may unplug them from the network, the protocol does not define the sending of ''DHCP Release'' as mandatory.

==e-mail==
Email is composed of two types of protocols: Server to Server and Client to Server.

===Server to Server===
'''Simple Mail Transfer Protocol''' ('''SMTP''') is the ''de facto'' standard for e-mail transmissions across the Internet. Formally SMTP is defined in RFC 821 (STD 10) as amended by RFC 1123 (STD 3) chapter 5. The protocol used today is also known as ESMTP and defined in RFC 2821.

SMTP is a relatively simple, text-based protocol, where one or more recipients of a message are specified (and in most cases verified to exist) and then the message text is transferred. It is quite easy to test an SMTP server using the telnet program (see below).

SMTP uses TCP port 25. To determine the SMTP server for a given domain name, the MX (Mail eXchange) DNS record is typically used, falling back to a simple A record in the case of no MX (not all MTAs (Mail Transfer Agents) support fallback). Some current mail transfer agents will also use SRV records, a more general form of MX, though these are not widely adopted.

===Client to Server===
SMTP is a &quot;push&quot; protocol that does not allow one to &quot;pull&quot; messages from a remote server on demand. To do this a mail client must use POP3 or IMAP. Another SMTP server can trigger a delivery in SMTP using ETRN.

POP3 has made earlier versions of the protocol obsolete, POP (informally called POP1) and POP2.  In contemporary usage, the less precise term ''POP'' almost always means ''POP3'' in the context of e-mail protocols.

The design of POP3 and its procedures supports end-users with intermittent connections (such as dial-up connections), allowing these users to retrieve e-mail when connected and then to view and manipulate the retrieved messages without needing to stay connected. Although most clients have an option to ''leave mail on server'', e-mail clients using POP3 generally connect, retrieve all messages, store them on the user's PC as new messages, delete them from the server, and then disconnect. In contrast, the newer, more capable Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) supports both ''connected'' and ''disconnected'' modes of operation.
E-mail clients using IMAP generally leave messages on the server until the user explicitly deletes them.
This and other facets of IMAP operation allow multiple clients to access the same mailbox.
Most e-mail clients support either POP3 or IMAP to retrieve messages; however, fewer Internet Service Providers (ISPs) support IMAP.
The fundamental difference between POP3 and IMAP4 is that POP3 offers access to a mail drop; the mail exists on the server until it is collected by the client.  Even if the client leaves some or all messages on the server, the client's message store is considered authoritative.  In contrast, IMAP4 offers access to the mail store; the client may store local copies of the messages, but these are considered to be a temporary cache; the server's store is authoritative.

==Web==
'''Hypertext Transfer Protocol''' ('''HTTP''') is a method used to transfer or convey information on the World Wide Web. Its original purpose was to provide a way to publish and retrieve HTML pages.

Development of HTTP was coordinated by the W3C and the IETF, culminating in the publication of a series of RFCs, most notably RFC 2616 (1999), which defines HTTP/1.1, the version of HTTP in common use today.

HTTP is a request/response protocol between clients and servers. The originating client, such as a web browser, spider, or other end-user tool, is referred to as the user agent. The destination server, which stores or creates resources such as HTML files and images, is called the origin server. In between the user agent and origin server may be several intermediaries, such as proxies, gateways, and tunnels.

An HTTP client initiates a request by establishing a Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) connection to a particular port on a remote host (port 80 by default; see [[w:List of TCP and UDP port numbers|Wikipedia's list of port numbers]]). An HTTP server listening on that port waits for the client to send a request message. 

Upon receiving the request, the server sends back a status line, such as &quot;HTTP/1.1 200 OK&quot;, and a message of its own, the body of which is perhaps the requested file, an error message, or some other information.

Resources to be accessed by HTTP are identified using URIs (or, more specifically, those using the &lt;tt&gt;http:&lt;/tt&gt; or https URI schemes.

===Request message===
The request message consists of the following:

* Request line, such as &lt;tt&gt;GET /images/logo.gif HTTP/1.1&lt;/tt&gt;, which requests the file &lt;tt&gt;logo.gif&lt;/tt&gt; from the &lt;tt&gt;/images&lt;/tt&gt; directory
* Headers, such as &lt;tt&gt;Accept-Language: en&lt;/tt&gt;
* An empty line
* An optional message body

The request line and headers must all end with CRLF (''i.e.'' a carriage return followed by a line feed). The empty line must consist of only CRLF and no other whitespace.

In the HTTP/1.1 protocol, all headers except Host are optional.

===Request methods===
HTTP defines eight methods (sometimes referred to as &quot;verbs&quot;) indicating the desired action to be performed on the identified resource.

; HEAD
: Asks for the response identical to the one that would correspond to a GET request, but without the response body. This is useful for retrieving meta-information written in response headers, without having to transport the entire content.
; GET
: Requests a representation of the specified resource. By far the most common method used on the Web today. Should not be used for operations that cause side-effects (using it for actions in web applications is a common misuse). See 'safe methods' below. 
; POST
: Submits data to be processed (e.g. from an HTML form) to the identified resource. The data is included in the body of the request. This may result in the creation of a new resource or the updates of existing resources or both.
; PUT
: Uploads a representation of the specified resource.
; DELETE
: Deletes the specified resource.
; TRACE
: Echoes back the received request, so that a client can see what intermediate servers are adding or changing in the request.
; OPTIONS
: Returns the HTTP methods that the server supports. This can be used to check the functionality of a web server.
; CONNECT
: For use with a proxy that can change to being an SSL tunnel.

HTTP servers are supposed to implement at least the GET and HEAD methods and, whenever possible, also the OPTIONS method.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==

{{wikipedia|Application Layer}}
{{wikipedia|DHCP}}
{{wikipedia|SMTP}}
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        <id>3441010</id>
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== &quot;Smithjack123&quot; reported by MathXplore ==

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== Acemq7 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Acemq7}}

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: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:03, 18 June 2026 (UTC)
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Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312962]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Hcrobotics2026/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:21, 21 June 2026 (UTC)
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== [[:Category:Wikibooks fully protected edit requests]] needs a clean out ==

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== RS-Top SEO Services reported by MathXplore ==

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:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:30, 17 June 2026 (UTC)
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: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:03, 18 June 2026 (UTC)
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: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:10, 21 June 2026 (UTC)
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: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:23, 25 June 2026 (UTC)

== [[:Category:Wikibooks fully protected edit requests]] needs a clean out ==

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: Restored from archive since this stlll hasn't been dealt with. [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 19:04, 25 June 2026 (UTC)
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* {{userlinks|Lisawilliam2}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Lisawilliam2/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:11, 29 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}} by Kittycataclysm. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:27, 29 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
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{{Expand}}

[[Image:HK ifc Overview.jpg|thumb|right|Two International Finance Centre designed by César Pelli in Hong Kong is the tallest building on the skyline completed in 1998 at the end of the Asian economic crisis. Multiple owners hold a stake and the building is occupied by influential local banks to corporations from across the globe including Ernst &amp; Young and the Blackstone Group. To be fair, there are no naming rights to the building. Hong Kong since before its handover to China in 1997 is a leading example of Westernized values of economic development being exported globally. The territory has even influenced similar development in China's mainland.]]

A multitude of perspectives define and shape economic development as we proceed into the 21th Century. Economic development affects all realms of life, economic, political and philosophical. It is policy in practice and a goal in process, yet there is no end point. This book will help you explore and understand what is meant by this term and how it affects the world and your local environment.

Questions that will be explored include:
* How can economic development best be stimulated? 
* What sort of business regulations are most conducive to quality economic development?
* How can regulations be developed to maximize the benefit for both the people of the state and the businesses and their customers?

It should be clarified, this book is not about the [[Principles of Economics]], nor to explain the mathematical formulas and functions which govern the actions of governments. 
Though numbers will enter into the discussion, economic development is more a theory and philosophy of ''what'' works best and ''what'' is needed, as opposed to, ''how'' does it work and ''how'' should we manage our economies. 
It is suggested of course that a reader should familiarize themselves with the principle measures of the economy and the financing actions of enterprise.

Lastly, this book does not attempt to provide an entire global examination of economic development as it uniquely occurs in each country, but to generalize and provide a basic view of its process as it occurs and changes in the Western world. As stated, economic development continues to be re-defined and each era marks a different interpretation as technology and circumstances change in the world. Hopefully this text will attempt to weave common elements together and present the situation as it exists today.

==What is economic development?==
'''Definition'''
Economic development has several definitions from local to global perspectives. Professor of Economics and Public Policy Alan Deardorff at the University of Michigan as part of his International Economics Glossary calls it: &quot;Sustained increase in the economic standard of living of a country's population, normally accomplished by increasing its stocks of physical and human capital and improving its technology.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www-personal.umich.edu/~alandear/glossary/e.html International Economics Glossary ]&lt;/ref&gt; At the local level, the term is brought to a more reachable level. For example the UrbanPlan curriculum states: &quot;Economic development—A term generally applied to the expansion of a community’s property and sales tax base or the expansion of the number of jobs through office, retail, and industrial development.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.urbanplan.org]&lt;/ref&gt; An interesting Cornell article expands: &quot;Economic development is typically measured in terms of jobs and income, but it also includes improvements in human development, education, health, choice, and environmental sustainability. Business and economic developers in the US are increasingly recognizing the importance of quality of life, which includes, environmental, and recreational amenities, as well as social infrastructure such as child care, in attracting and retaining businesses in a community.&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://government.cce.cornell.edu/doc/html/MethodologyGuide_TermsUsed.htm Cornell]&lt;/ref&gt; In each of these definitions, the focus is on growth of the physical and social sphere of life. As well there is an inherent goal, that such growth achieves a greater &quot;standard of living&quot; or &quot;quality of life.&quot; Important to note is that residential development is a separate component. Lastly, the field does presume one common fact, that what ''is'' there is not providing what that community needs.

'''In government structure'''
Economic development (ED) is seen both as a policy and a profession. In the United States, most local governments have an economic development authority that oversees and guides enterprise in states and cities. Many states have multiple layers of such groups. For example, a neighborhood might have its own non-profit to help small businesses establish storefronts. The municipality's economic development department would help major corporations locate into city limits. Most cities have metropolitan regions, and such regional authorities can promote entire areas of a state for new companies. The state's workforce and employment department would then overlap all of these, tracking job growth and ensuring Federal funds may be available for job programs and assistance. ED many times is an expected part of government function because cities and regions are constantly competing for jobs which no longer need a specific location.

'''As government policy'''
As policy, ED is frequently noted in the news as a function of a country's government to improve the welfare of its citizens by providing and literally building opportunities. The skyscrapers and dams being fervorently built in China's coastal cities and rural west have become a symbol of ED. The term started for American cities in the advent of suburbia in the 1970s but had not exactly entered American politics until the economic boon of the 1990s. ED has traditionally been applied to major projects such as a new industrial zone or enclosed shopping mall as well as waterworks projects and freeway expansion. However suburbia by the 1990s began to realize that the capitalist micro-economies of downtowns were not going to remake themselves and the term gained full footing to ensure stability in new cities by carefully planning and plotting the location of potential retail, services, and office. ED has also become familiar with medical and hospitality industries, seeing hospital campuses and hotels as valuable as an office tower. The main goal with ED as government policy is that jobs must grow in the end, much like how private companies ultimately wish to gain profits from new investment.

'''As a profession'''
As a profession, ED Directors and Business Specialists work with business owners and much like courting deals in the private sector, will try to provide opportunities to entrepreneurs. These may include qualifying special new business loans, offering tax breaks on a piece of land, or ensuring planning officials can compromise to approve a project. While ED personnel are generally &quot;on the ground,&quot; they also do extensive research and quantitative analysis as to potential sites which may accommodate future employers. Regularly they perform many urban planning and community development functions such as identifying properly zoned areas for commercial or industrial and the accompanying codes and variances that could suit a business model. With these goals, ED staff may also influence planning decisions and encourage the establishment of Enterprise Tax Zones which specifically encourage businesses to locate in a particular geographic area.

===The city and the hinterland===
The basis for urban economies is in understanding the relationship of cities and the hinterland.  The hinterland has been used since the 20th century by geographers to describe rural land, the &quot;empty&quot; and &quot;wild&quot; space between cities. Eugene van Cleef would better define it in &quot;Hinterland and Umland,&quot; tracing its Germanic routes as the land extending from the coast.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book|title=Hinterland and Umland|author=Eugene van Cleef|volume=Geographical Review, Vol. 31, No. 2 (Apr., 1941), pp. 308-311   (article consists of 4 pages)|publisher=Published by: American Geographical Society|url=http://www.jstor.org/pss/210211}}&lt;/ref&gt; The best equivalent is &quot;back country.&quot; Though with a slight negative connotation, the hinterland has become an appropriate term to describe land areas that do not necessarily have a city or urbanized function but are not necessarily rural lands. For example much of the central to western United States is unincorporated or not in use at all due to natural features.  As well hinterland encompasses all natural lands even those in protected status.

The need to understand the relationship between the city (meaning both urbanized and metropolitan areas) and the hinterland, is helpful to understanding the cycle of urban economies and flow of investment and assets.

===Urban economies: cycle flow and assets===

Urban economies seen through input and output, are essentially machines in themselves. Urban means dense or close together and the proximity allows economic activity to blossom. Flour milling was an early American economic industry that was inherently urban. The multiple costs of each component limited millers to draw from local economies.

*'''Flour milling'''
**Administration
***Human resources
***Migrant workers (embassy)
***Sales
***Material buyers
**Workers
***Wages
****Restaurants
****Bars
****Shops
****Real estate (housing) 
**Equipment
***Iron-fabricators
***Machine shop
***Civil engineers/city crew
**Production
***Materials
****Rail line jobs
****Truck drivers
***Packaging 
****Flour sack makers
**Delivery
***Rail line jobs
***Truck drivers
**Sellers
***Bakers

===Metropolitan spheres of influence===

==Author resources==
The [[Economic Development/Author resources|Author resources]] page of this book lists some potential information sources for authors (and readers).

==Local development==

[[Image:Wal-Mart in Madison Heights.jpg|thumb|right|This Wal-Mart in Madison Heights, Virginia is one of nearly 2000 stores in smaller communities of the United States. By the 1990s, the &quot;big box&quot; store became a regular icon of economic development in rural areas where typical retail found in major cities would not establish. By the turn of the century, Wal-Mart's effects on these communities was marked by the downfall of local retail and criticized labor practices. Corporate expansion into undeveloped areas is an example of incompatibility between city and hinterland.]]

===Types of businesses===
===Infrastructure===
===Urban conditions===
===Regulations===
====Zoning code====

==Techniques==

===Private sector===
====Retail====
====Commercial====
====Industrial====

===Non-profit===
====Medical facilities====
====Arts and cultural institutions====
====Advocacy groups====

===Community groups===
====Neighborhood investment====

==References==
{{Wikipedia|Economic development}}
{{reflist}}

{{Shelves|Economics}}
{{Alphabetical|E}}
{{status|0%}}</text>
      <sha1>4ih6ij6m4br46qfglm1qi9wxxds9f1l</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Russian/Lesson 5</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>166052</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641730</id>
      <parentid>4478219</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T17:51:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ypp22</username>
        <id>3491883</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Changed &quot;ему 12 лет&quot; to &quot;ему 12 года&quot;. The word years in Russian as an irregular plural, if the number ends in 1 it is &quot;год&quot; if it ends in 2, 3, or 4 it is &quot;года&quot; and the rest are &quot;лет&quot;. The website I'm using to get this information is this: https://www.russianlessons.net/lessons/lesson11_main.php</comment>
      <origin>4641730</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4342" sha1="9g3c8sowzt0glyv8gbwgosrq2d4w3o8" xml:space="preserve">{{Russian}}
==Словарь (Vocabulary)==
:слова́рь - vocabulary; dictionary :
слово - word{{Listen|filename=Ru-словарь.ogg|title=словарь|description=словарь|format=[[Ogg]]}}выражения - saying; expression
:текст - text
:э́то - this; this is / these are
:он - he
:Ва́ся Петро́в - Vasya Petrov (short for Васи́лий - Vasily)
:ру́сский - Russian (male) (noun and adjective)
:живёт - lives; жить to live
:Москва́ - (Moskva) Moscow
:ему́ - to him (dative case)
:	ему 12 (двенадцать) года - he is 12 years old
:лет - years (genitive plural); год - year
:у́чится - (he, she) studies; учи́ться to study
:шко́ла - school
:в - in, at
::в шко́ле - at school (prepositional case)
::в шко́лу - to school (accusative case)
:хоте́ть - to want, хо́чет - wants
:стать - to become (+ instrumental case)
:лётчик - pilot, flyer
:хорошо́ - well
:есть - is, have
:па́па - dad, оте́ц - father
:ма́ма - mum, мать - mother
:ста́рший - elder, older
:сестра́ - sister
:мла́дший - younger
:брат - brother
:Ви́тя - Vitya (short for Ви́ктор - Victor)
:Ле́на - Lena (short for Еле́на - Yelena)
:их - their, theirs
:дом - house
:недалеко́ - not far, near
:от - from
:ходи́ть - to walk, to go, хо́дит - walks, goes
:пешко́м - on foot
:люби́ть - love, like, лю́бит - loves, likes
:игра́ть - to play
:футбо́л - football, soccer
:ры́ба - fish
:лови́ть ры́бу - to fish, (literally: to catch fish)
:мно́го - many, much, a lot (of) (+ genitive)
:друг - friend, друзья friends
:Ва́син (m), Ва́сина (f) - Vasya's
:программи́ст - programmer
:рабо́́тать - to work, рабо́́тает - (he/she) works
:большо́й - big; large
:о́фис - office
:иностра́нный - foreign
:фи́рма - firm
:учи́тель (m), учи́тельница (f) - teacher
::учи́тельница англи́йского языка́ (genitive case) - English teacher (f)
:англи́йский - English (adjective)
:язы́к - language; tongue
:сейча́с - now
:университе́т - University
:реши́ть (to decide)
::реши́л (decided - male singular), реши́ла (decided - female singular),  реши́ли (decided - plural)
:журнали́ст (m), журнали́стка (f) - journalist
:ещё - still
:ма́ленький - little, small
:но - but
:о́чень - very
:рисова́ть (to draw), рису́ет (he/she draws)

==Текст (Text)==

Э́то Ва́ся Петро́в. Он ру́сский. Он живёт в Москве́. Ему́ 12 лет. Он у́чится в шко́ле. Он хо́чет стать лётчиком. Он у́чится хорошо́. У Ва́си есть па́па и ма́ма, ста́ршая сестра́ Ле́на и мла́дший брат Ви́тя. Их дом недалеко́ от шко́лы и Ва́ся хо́дит в шко́лу пешко́м.

Ва́ся лю́бит игра́ть в футбо́л и лови́ть ры́бу. У Ва́си мно́го друзе́й.

Ва́син па́па - программи́ст. Он рабо́тает в большо́м о́фисе иностра́нной фи́рмы. Ва́сина ма́ма - учи́тельница англи́йского языка́ в шко́ле.

Ле́на сейча́с у́чится в университе́те. Она́ реши́ла стать журнали́сткой.

Ви́тя ещё ма́ленький, но он о́чень хорошо́ рису́ет.

==Counting years:==

:1 год (nominative), 2 года, 3 года 4 года  (genitive singular)
:5 лет, 6 лет ... 20 лет (genitive plural)
:21 год (nominative), 22 года, 23 года 24 года
:25 лет, 26 лет ... 30 лет (genitive plural)
:...

==Saying: I have, you have, etc.==
:У меня есть...
:У тебя есть...
:У него есть...
:У неё есть...
:У нас есть...
:У вас есть...
:У них есть...

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>9g3c8sowzt0glyv8gbwgosrq2d4w3o8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641734</id>
      <parentid>4641730</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T18:12:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ypp22</username>
        <id>3491883</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added and explained a bunch of stuff and corrected a mistake from my previous edit</comment>
      <origin>4641734</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5130" sha1="brdweorvcb9yvg1bibwwu0ph3zik4cx" xml:space="preserve">{{Russian}}
==Словарь (Vocabulary)==
:слова́рь - vocabulary; dictionary :
слово - word{{Listen|filename=Ru-словарь.ogg|title=словарь|description=словарь|format=[[Ogg]]}}выражения - saying; expression
:текст - text
:э́то - this; this is / these are
:он - he
:Ва́ся Петро́в - Vasya Petrov (short for Васи́лий - Vasily)
:ру́сский - Russian (male) (noun and adjective)
:живёт - lives; жить to live
:Москва́ - (Moskva) Moscow
:ему́ - to him (dative case)
:	ему 12 (двенадцать) лет - he is 12 years old
:у́чится - (he, she) studies; учи́ться to study
:шко́ла - school
:в - in, &quot;в&quot; also replaces &quot;at&quot; when referring to buildings or enclosed spaces. It also replaces the word &quot;to&quot; in some cases (E.g &quot;I am going to school&quot;)
::в шко́ле - at school (prepositional case)
::в шко́лу - to school (accusative case)
:хоте́ть - to want, хо́чет - wants
:стать - to become (+ instrumental case)
:лётчик - pilot, flyer
:хорошо́ - good
:есть - is, have
:па́па - dad, оте́ц - father (formal)
:ма́ма - mum, мать - mother (formal)
:ста́рший - elder, older
:сестра́ - sister
:мла́дший - younger
:брат - brother
:Ви́тя - Vitya (short for Ви́ктор - Victor)
:Ле́на - Lena (short for Еле́на - Yelena)
:их - their, theirs
:дом - house
:недалеко́ - not far, near
:от - from
:ходи́ть - to walk, to go, хо́дит - walks, goes
:пешко́м - on foot
:люби́ть - love, like, лю́бит - loves, likes
:игра́ть - to play
:футбо́л - football, soccer
:ры́ба - fish
:лови́ть ры́бу - to fish, (literally: to catch fish)
:мно́го - many, much, a lot (of) (+ genitive)
:друг - friend, друзья friends
:Ва́син (m), Ва́сина (f) - Vasya's
:программи́ст - programmer
:рабо́́тать - to work, рабо́́тает - (he/she) works
:большо́й - big; large
:о́фис - office
:иностра́нный - foreign
:фи́рма - firm
:учи́тель (m), учи́тельница (f) - teacher
::учи́тельница англи́йского языка́ (genitive case) - English teacher (f)
:англи́йский - English (adjective)
:язы́к - language; tongue
:сейча́с - now, currently
:университе́т - University
:реши́ть (to decide)
::реши́л (decided - male singular), реши́ла (decided - female singular),  реши́ли (decided - plural)
:журнали́ст (m), журнали́стка (f) - journalist
:ещё - still
:ма́ленький - little, small
:а - and/but (used when 2 statements are contrasting but do not contradict each other)
:но - but (used when 2 statements are contradicting)
:о́чень - very
:рисова́ть (to draw), рису́ет (he/she draws)

==Текст (Text)==

Э́то Ва́ся Петро́в. Он ру́сский. Он живёт в Москве́. Ему́ 12 лет. Он у́чится в шко́ле. Он хо́чет стать лётчиком. Он у́чится хорошо́. У Ва́си есть па́па и ма́ма, ста́ршая сестра́ Ле́на и мла́дший брат Ви́тя. Их дом недалеко́ от шко́лы и Ва́ся хо́дит в шко́лу пешко́м.

Ва́ся лю́бит игра́ть в футбо́л и лови́ть ры́бу. У Ва́си мно́го друзе́й.

Ва́син па́па - программи́ст. Он рабо́тает в большо́м о́фисе иностра́нной фи́рмы. Ва́сина ма́ма - учи́тельница англи́йского языка́ в шко́ле.

Ле́на сейча́с у́чится в университе́те. Она́ реши́ла стать журнали́сткой.

Ви́тя ещё ма́ленький, но он о́чень хорошо́ рису́ет.

==Counting years:==

:The Russian word for year has an irregular plural:
:&quot;год&quot; when the number is either 1 or ends in 1 (21, 31, but not 11, that uses &quot;лет&quot;).
:&quot;года&quot; Same as the above but if it ends in 2, 3, or 4 (except for 12, 13, 14).
:&quot;лет&quot; for everything else (including 11 all the way through to 20).
:
:Examples:
:
:1 год (nominative case),
:2 года, 3 года 4 года  (genitive singular)
:5 лет, 6 лет... 20 лет (genitive plural)
:21 год (nominative),
:22 года, 23 года 24 года (genitive singular)
:25 лет, 26 лет... 30 лет (genitive plural)

==Saying: I have, you have, etc.==
:У меня есть - I have
:У тебя есть - You have (informal)
:У него есть...
:У неё есть...
:У нас есть...
:У вас есть - You have (formal) 
:У них есть...

{{BookCat}}
You can turn these into questions by adding a question mark at the end, then it becomes (Do you have).

У вас есть книга? (Do you have a book?)</text>
      <sha1>brdweorvcb9yvg1bibwwu0ph3zik4cx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641736</id>
      <parentid>4641734</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T18:42:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Ypp22</username>
        <id>3491883</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>huge changes. Needs some polishing</comment>
      <origin>4641736</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5855" sha1="oyco0mg421yk3ldrow477yku1ig8ybz" xml:space="preserve">{{Russian}}
==Словарь (Vocabulary)==
:слова́рь - vocabulary; dictionary :
слово - word{{Listen|filename=Ru-словарь.ogg|title=словарь|description=словарь|format=[[Ogg]]}}выражения - saying; expression
:

== Verbs ==
:рисова́ть - to draw.   рису́ет he/she draws.
:хоте́ть - to want.   хо́чет - wants.
:учи́ться - to study.   у́чится - (he, she) studies.
:жить - to live.   живёт - lives.
:стать - to become (+ instrumental case)
:ходи́ть - to walk, to go.   хо́дит - walks, goes.
:люби́ть - to love, to like.   лю́бит - loves, likes.   Я люблю - I love, I like.
:игра́ть - to play
:рабо́́тать - to work, рабо́́тает - (he/she) works
:лови́ть ры́бу - to fish, (literally: to catch fish)
:реши́ть (to decide)
:реши́л (decided - male singular), реши́ла (decided - female singular),  реши́ли (decided - plural)

== Family ==
:па́па - dad, оте́ц - father (formal)
:ма́ма - mum, мать - mother (formal)
:сестра́ - sister
:брат - brother
:тётя - aunt
:

== Names ==
:Ва́ся Петро́в - Vasya Petrov (short for Васи́лий - Vasily)
:Ви́тя - Vitya (short for Ви́ктор - Victor)
:Ле́на - Lena (short for Еле́на - Yelena)

== Locations &amp; Places ==

====== &quot;на&quot; - at,   &quot;в&quot; - in. ======
:&quot;в&quot; replaces the English word &quot;at&quot; when referring to buildings or enclosed spaces. It also replaces the word &quot;to&quot; in some cases (E.g &quot;I am going to school&quot;)
::в шко́ле - at school (prepositional case)
::в шко́лу - to school (accusative case)
:
:
:
:Москва́ - (Moskva) Moscow
:университе́т - University
:фи́рма - firm (as in &quot;company&quot;, like a law firm)
:шко́ла - school
:о́фис - office
:дом - house

== Jobs ==
программи́ст - programmer
учи́тель (masculine), учи́тельница (feminine) - teacher
:учи́тельница англи́йского языка́ (genitive case) - English teacher (feminine) Lit. (Teacher of English Language)
журнали́ст (masculine), журнали́стка (feminine) - journalist

== Miscellaneous ==
:текст - text
:э́то - this; this is / these are
:он - he
:ру́сский - Russian (male) (noun and adjective)
:
:
:Полно = plenty of Так много = so much
:Простите = excuse me Другой = another  Нисколько = not at all  Несколько = some  Насколько = as far as (or &quot;To what extent&quot; when used as a question)  Начать = start
:
:
:ему́ - to him (dative case)
:	ему 12 (двенадцать) лет - he is 12 years old
:лётчик - pilot, flyer
:хорошо́ - good
:есть - is, have
:
:
:ста́рший - elder, older
:мла́дший - younger
:их - their, theirs
:недалеко́ - not far, near
:далеко́ - far
:от - from
:пешко́м - on foot
:футбо́л - football, soccer
:ры́ба - fish
:
:мно́го - many, much, a lot (of) (+ genitive)
:друг - friend, друзья friends
:Ва́син (m), Ва́сина (f) - Vasya's
:
:ма́ленький - little, small
:большо́й - big; large
:
:иностра́нный - foreign
::
:англи́йский - English (adjective)
:язы́к - language; tongue
:сейча́с - now, currently
:
::
:
:ещё - still
:
:а - and/but (used when 2 statements are contrasting but do not contradict each other)
:но - but (used when 2 statements are contradicting)
:о́чень - very
:

==Текст (Text)==

Э́то Ва́ся Петро́в. Он ру́сский. Он живёт в Москве́. Ему́ 12 лет. Он у́чится в шко́ле. Он хо́чет стать лётчиком. Он у́чится хорошо́. У Ва́си есть па́па и ма́ма, ста́ршая сестра́ Ле́на и мла́дший брат Ви́тя. Их дом недалеко́ от шко́лы и Ва́ся хо́дит в шко́лу пешко́м.

Ва́ся лю́бит игра́ть в футбо́л и лови́ть ры́бу. У Ва́си мно́го друзе́й.

Ва́син па́па - программи́ст. Он рабо́тает в большо́м о́фисе иностра́нной фи́рмы. Ва́сина ма́ма - учи́тельница англи́йского языка́ в шко́ле.

Ле́на сейча́с у́чится в университе́те. Она́ реши́ла стать журнали́сткой.

Ви́тя ещё ма́ленький, но он о́чень хорошо́ рису́ет.

==Counting years:==

:The Russian word for year has an irregular plural:
:&quot;год&quot; when the number is either 1 or ends in 1 (21, 31, but not 11, that uses &quot;лет&quot;).
:&quot;года&quot; Same as the above but if it ends in 2, 3, or 4 (except for 12, 13, 14).
:&quot;лет&quot; for everything else (including 11 all the way through to 20).
:
:Examples:
:
:1 год (nominative case),
:2 года, 3 года 4 года  (genitive singular)
:5 лет, 6 лет... 20 лет (genitive plural)
:21 год (nominative),
:22 года, 23 года 24 года (genitive singular)
:25 лет, 26 лет... 30 лет (genitive plural)

==Saying: I have, you have, etc.==
:У меня есть - I have
:У тебя есть - You have (informal)
:У него есть...
:У неё есть...
:У нас есть...
:У вас есть - You have (formal) 
:У них есть...

{{BookCat}}
You can turn these into questions by adding a question mark at the end, then it becomes (Do you have).

У вас есть книга? (Do you have a book?) (Formal)

У тебя есть книга? (Same as the above) (Informal)</text>
      <sha1>oyco0mg421yk3ldrow477yku1ig8ybz</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Pinyin Pronunciation/Stroke Order</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <id>4641688</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641688</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1040" sha1="sogmk38q5mpmr48kluwravd5ndp3sk5" xml:space="preserve">Stroke order is generally 

1) Left to right (e.g. 你)

2) Top then down (e.g. 人)

The radical is written first, usually on the top or the right. 

Some more rules:

3) Write horizontal strokes then vertical strokes. (e.g. 工)

4) Diagonals go right to left. (e.g. 又)

5) Interior and exterior parts

a) If the characters are partially enclosed, then exterior first then interior. (e.g. 月)

b) BUT, if the characters are only enclosed on the bottom, then interior then exterior. (e.g. 建)

c) If the characters are completely enclosed, then draw the left, top-right first then the interior, then finish by enclosing the bottom. (e.g. 田)

d) In an enclosing part, the left stroke of the 'box' goes first, then the top-right. (e.g. 四)

6) Centre bodies then the 'wings.' (e.g. 小)

7) Strokes that 'cut' through another part comes last. (e.g. 羊)

8) If the character contains a top left dot, then that dot would go first. (e.g. 為)

9) If the character contains an interior or upper-right goes last. (e.g. 玉)


{{BookCat}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Legal Practice Management</title>
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      <id>4641727</id>
      <parentid>4484642</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T17:29:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>HJ Mitchell</username>
        <id>214418</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Undid revision [[Special:Diff/4484642|4484642]] by [[Special:Contributions/MickelClark|MickelClark]] ([[User talk:MickelClark|discuss]]) spam</comment>
      <origin>4641727</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7702" sha1="ok4g7j05h6qoy551ba5or5pnmmqx88g" xml:space="preserve">Legal Practice Management software is software that law firms and lawyers use to handle their client and matter information, case management including a docket calendar, accounting and financial (billing and bookkeeping) management, document management, conflict management, and other issues related to legal practice management. The American Bar Association recommends that attorneys use software to manage their own legal practice to avoid legal malpractice.&lt;ref&gt;http://technology.findlaw.com/articles/01065/010743.html&lt;/ref&gt;

This book is a guide to what to expect from legal practice management software, as well as what an open source developer might want to consider for developing an open source legal practice management software. As of the writing of this book, there are hundreds of commercial legal practice management software and very few open source versions. This is an open source book written for both lawyers and developers in the hope of developing better quality software for legal practice management.

== Client and Matter Information Management ==
Attorneys and Law Firms keep track of information in a number of different ways. As part of legal billing almost every expense is kept track of by client and matter number. From as far down as using a photocopy machine or fax machine all the way up to representing a client in court. While each client is assigned a client number, there is usually a client number assigned for general office use to keep track of expenses not related to billing clients, but to help cut costs of general work. This is a variation of job cost accounting and can help attorneys and/or law firms become more profitable.

First there needs to be a system to search for client and matter numbers and names. Usually the billing office sets up the data entry of each client and matter number or the legal assistants and/or administrative assistants do that if a law firm or attorney lacks a business office. When an attorney or another employee of the law firm fills out a time sheet each task or job is given a client and matter number so that they can bill the client for work done on the matter. Each matter number has to have a client number associated with it, usually a matter is a court case but it could be anything from legal research, wills, accounting matters, preparing for a case, writing letters and other documents, etc. There needs to be a system to search for client and matter information to keep track of jobs done, as well as copy that information from the database to letters and other documents via bookmarks in the document, like a check request, to automate the office.

There are other things to search by, for example practice area or area of law, work group, billing attorney, legal team, and so on. Sometimes a law firm needs to keep track of client and matter information for these areas. There also needs to be a billing active and search active flags set to see if the client and matter information are still being billed to the client, or are still active with the firm and can be searched. Sometimes the client and matter data is so old that the law firm no longer bills the client or has been marked as search inactive by the business office as a result of record retention. Still even if inactive in some way there is always a need to search for it, but normally there needs to be a way to filter the search so that only the billing active and search active client and matter data is searched to keep the searches faster.

== Case Management and the Docket Calendar ==
In almost any law firm the amount of cases handled can grow so big that they are hard to manage or attorneys can leave a law firm and not tell other attorneys what cases they are handling that it leads to legal malpractice. Any law firm worth their salt has to represent their clients for all cases, or else they face legal malpractice issues. While there is Calendar software for almost any operating system made, attorneys usually don't share their docket calendar with other attorneys and either the data goes with the attorney who takes their laptop with them, or the desktop or laptop gets reformatted and the data is deleted. Also when an attorney goes on vacation or gets sick, nobody knows what he or she was covering as far as the case management and docket calendar cover. What a horrible way to manage cases and the docket calendar when the data goes missing.

The solution to this is to store the case management and docket calendar on a shared server and when an attorney leaves the law firm or gets sick or goes on vacation, someone else can reassign his/her cases and docket calendar with other attorneys that can cover for them. This helps to prevent legal malpractice as well as helps to give the law firm a more professional image. A law firm loses their professional image when they miss court dates or are not there for their clients. No amount of public relations can help gain that professional image back, especially when the news media covers the law firm's missing of court dates and other legal malpractice.

== Accounting and Financial (Billing and Bookkeeping) ==
The legal practice management software should handle billing and bookkeeping, aka the accounting and other financial data. This means the time sheets of attorneys and every other employee and every expenses should be accounted for and billed to the client or put into an expense for the law firm if it is not client related. It should follow accepted accounting practices for the nation the law firm is located in, and in the case of international law firms be able to show the accounting books in the format of every nation the law firm has an office in. Sometimes the software is only written for one nation's accounting practices, like the USA, but not another. In that case there should be an option to export the accounting data to another program that can put the accounting books in the correct accounting format that another accounting software can use to organize the books.

== Document Management ==
The law firm needs software to keep track of the documents they create as well as documents they collect via evidence for court. Keep in mind that the original documents that are usually scanned and then put into an image database need to be kept in case the judge of a court requests the originals, as some judges want to see the original watermarked documents and not the copy that was scanned into the database or copied by hand. The document database should be able to keep track of document changes, and have a search feature to search by client and matter information and other information covered in other parts of this book such as area of law or practice area, work group, billing attorney, case number, and so on.

== Conflict Management ==
A Law Firm needs to know when there are conflicts of almost any type. Is the attorney related to someone involved in the case, or the client, etc? Each law firm has their own code of ethics that helps avoid conflicts, so this part of the program may need to be customized to each law firm. If there is a conflict of interest, it needs to be recorded via client, matter, work group, case number, and so on, so that when the same thing comes up again, the law firm can avoid it by reassigning a different attorney to the case, and so on. The last thing a law firm needs is to have a case thrown out of court due to a conflict that they easily could have noticed via conflict management software.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==See Also==
* [[Wikipedia:Law practice management software]]
* [[Legal Issues In Instructional Technology]]

{{alphabetical|L}}
{{Shelves|Business software}}
{{status|0%}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Malay/Alphabet</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-30T04:58:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-37532-99</username>
        <id>3610937</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added more details</comment>
      <origin>4641790</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2244" sha1="smzqozcx6ni642zyjhgvrkowqb41pn8" xml:space="preserve">The Malay alphabet consists of 26 letters from the Latin alphabet, like the English alphabet, and is based of the Latin script. There are two different types of script used in Malay. One being the commonly used one, which is the [[wikipedia:Malay_orthography|Rumi script]], and the [[wikipedia:Jawi_script|Jawi script]], which some regions would use combined with the latter.


Aa sounds like as in the word “so'''fa'''” or &quot;'''fa'''ther&quot;. [ /a/ ] 

Bb sounds the same as in English such as in the word &quot;'''be'''d&quot; or &quot;'''bo'''vine&quot;. [ /b/ ] 

Cc sounds like '&lt;nowiki/&gt;''tch''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' such as in the word &quot;'''ch'''eck&quot; or &quot;'''ch'''op&quot; [ /t͡ʃ/ ]. It &lt;u&gt;never&lt;/u&gt; sounds like '''k''&lt;nowiki/&gt;' such as &quot;'''ch'''emist&quot; or &quot;an'''ch'''or&quot; [ /k/ ]. 

Dd sounds the same as in English such as in the word &quot;'''da'''y&quot; or &quot;'''de'''tect&quot;. [ /d/ ] 

Ee has two sounds which are as in the word &quot;to'''le'''rant&quot; or &quot;pa'''rent'''&quot; [ /ə/ ] and &quot;'''hey'''&quot; or &quot;'''they'''&quot; [ /e/ ~ é ]. The first and second 'e' sound in the word &quot;beverage&quot; are respective as stated before.

Ff sounds the same as in English such as in the word &quot;'''foo'''d&quot; or &quot;'''fi'''ne&quot;. [ /f/ ] 

Gg sounds like as in the word &quot;'''goo'''d&quot; and &quot;'''gr'''eat&quot; [ /ɡ/ ] and never as in &quot;gist&quot;

Hh as in “Hotel” 

Ii as in the word “ink” never as in the word “island” 

Jj same as in English “job” 

Kk same as in English. 

Ll like “l” in “life”. 

Mm same as in English 

Nn same as in English 

Oo same as in English “Old” never as in “Hot” which is pronounced somehow like {hat}  

Pp same as in English 

Qq same as in English. 

Rr same as in English 

Ss  same as in English 

Tt same as in English but not as sharp.  

Uu  as in the “put”, never as in the word “cup” or “university”  

Vv same as in English 

Ww same as in English 

Xx  as “kh”, sometimes as “ks” 

Yy same as in English. 

Zz same as in English. 
    

dz as “th” in “that” 

kh as “ch” in “loch” 

Ua as “ua” 

Ny as “ñ” in the “español” 

Ng as “ng” in the “sing” 

Ngg as in “singi'''ng g'''irl” 

Sy as in “sh” 


The names of the letters are basically the same, except for Z, which is &quot;zed&quot;.

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Linux Kernel/System</title>
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      <id>4641674</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-29T12:08:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>I2C doc reference</comment>
      <origin>4641674</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="43489" sha1="2ijzbyiw5h7kf7kpkuyv6orbr8sc1rc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:System functionality}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

{| style=&quot;float: right; text-align: center; border-spacing: 0; margin: auto;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5pc&quot;
! bgcolor=&quot;#edf&quot; |system
|- 
| bgcolor=&quot;#cdf&quot; |[[#System interfaces|system interfaces]]
|- 
| bgcolor=#abe   |[[#Virtualization|virtualization]]
|- 
| bgcolor=&quot;#aad&quot; |[[#Driver Model|Driver Model]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#99c&quot; |[[../Modules|modules]]
|- 
| bgcolor=&quot;#88a&quot; |[[#Peripheral buses|buses]], [[The Linux Kernel/PCI|PCI]]
|- 
| bgcolor=&quot;#889&quot; |[[#Hardware interfaces|hardware interfaces]], [[#Booting and halting|[re]booting]]
|}
The System functionality is named after system calls and sysfs.
It differs from other kernel functionalities.
Its subsystems are not tightly coupled across layers but instead provide infrastructure to other parts of the kernel.
For example, the System Calls subsystem offers a common interface layer for all functionalities exposed to user space.

== System interfaces ==

There are several mechanisms available in Linux for user space system interfaces.
One of the most common mechanisms is through {{w|system call}}s, which are functions that allow user space applications to request services from the kernel, such as opening files, creating processes, and accessing system resources.

Another mechanism for user space communication is through {{w|device file}}s, which are special files that represent physical or virtual devices, such as storage devices, network interfaces, and various peripheral devices.
User space applications can communicate with these devices by reading from and writing to their corresponding device files.

In summary, Linux kernel provides several mechanisms for user space communication, including system calls, device files, {{w|procfs}}, {{w|sysfs}}, and devtmpfs.
These mechanisms enable user space applications to communicate with the kernel and access system resources in a safe and controlled manner.

⚲ APIs:
: kernel space API for user space
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/uapi}} &amp;ndash; x86 user-space API headers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ioctl}}
:: [[#System calls|System calls]]
:: [[#Device files|Device files]]
: user space API for kernel space
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/uaccess.h}}:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|copy_to_user}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|copy_from_user}}

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|User-space API guides|userspace-api}}
: {{w|User space}}
: {{w|Linux kernel interfaces}}
: [http://safari.oreilly.com/0596005652/understandlk-CHP-11 ULK3 Chapter 11. Signals]


===System calls===

System calls are the fundamental interface between user space applications and the Linux kernel.
They provide a way for programs to request services from the operating system, such as opening a file, allocating memory, or creating a new process.
In the Linux kernel, system calls are implemented as functions that can be invoked by user space programs using a software interrupt mechanism.

The Linux kernel provides hundreds of system calls, each with its own unique functionality.
These system calls are organized into categories such as process management, file management, network communication, and memory management.
User space applications can use these system calls to interact with the kernel and access the underlying system resources.


⚲ API

: [[../Syscalls|Table of syscalls]]
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syscalls}}


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/syscalls.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/entry}} &amp;ndash; common syscall entry/exit and exception handling
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|syscall_init}} installs {{The Linux Kernel/id|entry_SYSCALL_64}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syscall}} ↪
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|entry_SYSCALL_64}} ↯ call hierarchy: 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_syscall_64}} 
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_call_table}}


📖 References
: {{w|System call}}
: [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/dir_section_2.html Directory of system calls, man section 2]
: Anatomy of a system call, [https://lwn.net/Articles/604287/ part 1] and [https://lwn.net/Articles/604515/ part 2]
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|syscalls}}


💾 ''Historical''
: [http://safari.oreilly.com/0596005652/understandlk-CHP-10 ULK3 Chapter 10. System Calls]

=== Device files ===

Classic UNIX devices are [[../Human_interfaces#Char_devices|Char devices]] used as byte streams with {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ioctl}}.

⚲ API 

 ls /dev
 cat /proc/devices 
 cat /proc/misc

Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|misc_fops}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|usb_fops}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|memory_fops}}

: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Allocated devices|admin-guide/devices.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/char}} &amp;ndash; miscellaneous byte stream devices
: [https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/understanding-the-linux/0596005652/ch13.html Chapter 13. I/O Architecture and Device Drivers]

==== hiddev ====

⚠️ Warning: confusion. hiddev isn't real [[../Human_interfaces#HID|human interface device]]! It reuses USBHID infrastructure. hiddev is used for example for monitor controls and Uninterruptible Power Supplies.
This module supports these devices separately using a separate event interface on /dev/usb/hiddevX (char 180:96  to 180:111) (⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|HIDDEV_MINOR_BASE}})

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/hiddev.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|HID_CONNECT_HIDDEV}}

⚙️ Internals
: [https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/K/ident/CONFIG_USB_HIDDEV CONFIG_USB_HIDDEV]
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hiddev.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hiddev_event}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hid/usbhid/hiddev.c}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|hiddev_fops}}

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|HIDDEV - Care and feeding of your Human Interface Devices|hid/hiddev.html}}


📖 References
: {{w|Device file}}

===Administration===

🔧 TODO

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|netlink}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The Linux kernel user’s and administrator’s guide|admin-guide}}

==== procfs ====
The ''proc filesystem'' (''procfs'') is a special filesystem that presents information about processes and other system information in a hierarchical file-like structure, providing a more convenient and standardized method for dynamically accessing process data held in the kernel than traditional tracing methods or direct access to kernel memory.
Typically, it is mapped to a mount point named &lt;code&gt;/proc&lt;/code&gt; at boot time.
The proc file system acts as an interface to internal data structures in the kernel.
It can be used to obtain information about the system and to change certain kernel parameters at runtime.

&lt;code&gt;/proc&lt;/code&gt; includes a directory for each running process &amp;mdash;including kernel threads&amp;mdash; in directories named &lt;code&gt;/proc/PID&lt;/code&gt;, where &lt;code&gt;PID&lt;/code&gt; is the process number. Each directory contains information about one process, including the command that originally started the process (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/cmdline&lt;/code&gt;), the names and values of its environment variables (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/environ&lt;/code&gt;), a symlink to its working directory (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/cwd&lt;/code&gt;), another symlink to the original executable file &amp;mdash;if it still exists&amp;mdash; (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/exe&lt;/code&gt;), a couple of directories with symlinks to each open file descriptor (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/fd&lt;/code&gt;) and the status &amp;mdash;position, flags, ...&amp;mdash; of each of them (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/fdinfo&lt;/code&gt;), information about mapped files and blocks like heap and stack (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/maps&lt;/code&gt;), a binary image representing the process's virtual memory (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/mem&lt;/code&gt;), a symlink to the root path as seen by the process (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/root&lt;/code&gt;), a directory containing hard links to any child process or thread (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/task&lt;/code&gt;), basic information about a process including its run state and memory usage (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/status&lt;/code&gt;) and much more.


📖 References
: {{w|procfs}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|procfs}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|capabilities}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/proc_fs.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/seq_file.h}} &amp;ndash; sequential file interface for /proc entries
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/proc}} &amp;ndash; procfs implementation
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sysctl.h}} &amp;ndash; /proc/sys runtime kernel tuning:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c}} &amp;ndash; filesystem interface
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sysctl.c}} &amp;ndash; read/write handlers (proc_dointvec, proc_dostring, ...)

==== sysfs ====
sysfs is a pseudo-file system that exports information about various kernel subsystems, hardware devices, and associated device drivers from the kernel's device model to user space through virtual files.
In addition to providing information about various devices and kernel subsystems, exported virtual files are also used for their configuring.
Sysfs is designed to export the information present in the device tree, which would then no longer clutter up procfs.

Sysfs is mounted under the &lt;code&gt;/sys&lt;/code&gt; mount point.

⚲ API

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sysfs.h}}

📖 References
: {{w|sysfs}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|sysfs}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|sysfs - filesystem for exporting kernel objects|filesystems/sysfs.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/sysfs}} &amp;ndash; sysfs implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/kernfs}} &amp;ndash; kernfs, the backing filesystem for sysfs and cgroups

==== devtmpfs ====

devtmpfs is a hybrid {{w|User space and kernel space|kernel/user space}} approach of a device filesystem to provide nodes before udev runs for the first time.


📖 References
: {{w|Device file}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/devtmpfs.c}} &amp;ndash; kernel-maintained tmpfs /dev

==== configfs ====

{{The Linux Kernel/doc|configfs|filesystems/configfs.html}} is a userspace-driven kernel object configuration filesystem mounted at /sys/kernel/config/.
Unlike sysfs (which exposes kernel-created objects), configfs lets userspace create and configure kernel objects via mkdir/rmdir.
Used by USB gadget, NVMe target, ACPI, null_blk, GPIO simulator and other subsystems.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/configfs.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|config_item}} &amp;ndash; base object, created by userspace mkdir
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|config_group}} &amp;ndash; container for config_items
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|configfs_attribute}} &amp;ndash; per-item readable/writable attribute
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|configfs_subsystem}} &amp;ndash; top-level subsystem registration
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|configfs_register_subsystem}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/configfs}}

== Virtualization ==

🔧 TODO

See {{w|Kernel-based Virtual Machine}}

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Virtualization Support|virt/}}

📚 Further reading
: https://deepwiki.com/torvalds/linux/3-virtualization


=== Containerization ===

{{w|OS-level virtualization|Containerization}} is a powerful technology that has revolutionized the way software applications are developed, deployed, and run.
At its core, containerization provides an isolated environment for running applications, where the application has all the necessary dependencies and can be easily moved from one environment to another without worrying about any compatibility issues.

Containerization technology has its roots in the {{w|chroot}} command, which was introduced in the Unix operating system in the 1979.
Chroot provided a way to change the root directory of a process, effectively creating a new isolated environment with its own file system hierarchy.
However, this early implementation of containerization had limited functionality, and it was difficult to manage and control the various processes running within the container.

In the early 2000s, the Linux kernel introduced {{w|Linux namespaces|namespaces}} and {{w|cgroups|control groups}} to provide a more robust and scalable containerization solution.
'''Namespaces''' allow processes to have their own isolated view of the system, including the file system, network, and process ID space, while '''control groups''' provide fine-grained control over the resources allocated to each container, such as CPU, memory, and I/O.

Using these kernel features, containerization platforms such as {{w|Docker (software)|Docker}} and {{w|Kubernetes}} have emerged as popular solutions for building and deploying containerized applications at scale.
Containerization has become an essential tool for modern software development, allowing developers to easily package applications and deploy them in a consistent and predictable manner across different environments.

==== Resources usage and limits ====

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|chroot}} &amp;ndash; change root directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sysinfo}} &amp;ndash; return system information
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getrusage}} &amp;ndash; get resource usage
: get/set resource limits:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getrlimit}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setrlimit}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|prlimit64}}

📖 References
: {{w|chroot}}

==== Namespaces ====
{{w|Linux namespaces}} provide the way to isolate and virtualize different aspects of the operating system.
Namespaces allow multiple instances of an application to run in isolation from each other, without interfering with the host system or other instances.

🔧 TODO


⚲ API
: /proc/self/ns
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|lsns}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ioctl_ns}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ns_ioctl}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|unshare}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|unshare}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|nsenter}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setns}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|clone3}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|clone_args}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/ns_common.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/proc_ns.h}}
: namespaces definition
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|uts_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ipc_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mnt_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pid_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|net/net_namespace.h}} - struct net
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|user_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|time_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup_namespace}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|init_nsproxy}} - struct of namespaces
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/nsproxy.c}} &amp;ndash; namespace proxy management
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; mount namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/proc/namespaces.c}} &amp;ndash; /proc namespace entries
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/core/net_namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; network namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; time namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/user_namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; user namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/pid_namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; PID namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/utsname.c}} &amp;ndash; UTS namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cgroup/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; cgroup namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|ipc/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; IPC namespace


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|uts_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|ipc_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|mount_namespace}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|pid_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|network_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|user_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|time_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|cgroup_namespaces}}

=== Control groups ===


{{w|cgroups}} are used to limit and control the resource usage of groups of processes. They allow administrators to set limits on CPU usage, memory usage, disk I/O, network bandwidth, and other resources, which can be useful for managing system performance and preventing resource contention.

There are two versions of cgroups.
Unlike v1, cgroup v2 has only a single process hierarchy and discriminates between processes, not threads.


Here are some of the key differences between cgroups v1 and v2:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!cgroups v1
!cgroups v2
|-
|Hierarchy
|each subsystem had its own hierarchy, which could lead to complexity and confusion
|unified hierarchy, which simplifies management and enables better resource allocation
|-
|Controllers
|has several subsystems that are controlled by separate controllers, each with its own set of configuration files and parameters
|controllers are consolidated into a single &quot;cgroup2&quot; controller, which provides a unified interface for managing resources
|-
|Resource distribution
|distributes resources among groups of processes based on proportional sharing, which can lead to unpredictable results
|resources are distributed based on a &quot;weighted fair queuing&quot; algorithm, which provides better predictability and fairness
|}

Cgroups v2 is not backward compatible with cgroups v1, which means that migrating from v1 to v2 can be challenging and requires careful planning.


🔧 TODO


⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cgroup.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cgroup-defs.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|css_set}} &amp;ndash; holds set of reference-counted pointers to {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup_subsys_state}} objects
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup_subsys}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cgroup_subsys.h}} &amp;ndash; list of cgroup subsystems


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cg_list}} &amp;ndash; list of {{The Linux Kernel/id|css_set}} in task_struct
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cgroup}} &amp;ndash; cgroup core
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup2_fs_type}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/testing/selftests/cgroup}} &amp;ndash; cgroup self-tests


📖 References
: [[The_Linux_Kernel/System/CGroup_v2|Control Groups v2]]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Control Groups v1|admin-guide/cgroup-v1/}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|systemd-cgtop}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|systemd.slice}} &amp;ndash; slice unit configuration
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|cgroups}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|cgroup_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CFS Bandwidth Control for cgroups|scheduler/sched-bwc.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Real-Time group scheduling|scheduler/sched-rt-group.html}}
: [https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/latest/html/managing_monitoring_and_updating_the_kernel/setting-limits-for-applications_managing-monitoring-and-updating-the-kernel Understanding control groups, RHEL]


📚 Further reading
: https://github.com/containers
: [https://github.com/mk-fg/fgtk#cgrc cgrc tool]

💾 Historical
: https://github.com/mk-fg/cgroup-tools for cgroup v1

== Driver Model ==

The Linux driver model (or Device Model, or just DM) is a framework that provides a consistent and standardized way for device drivers to interface with the kernel.
It defines a set of rules, interfaces, and data structures that enable device drivers to communicate with the kernel and perform various operations, such as managing resources, lifecycle and more.

DM core structure consists of DM classes, DM buses, DM drivers and DM devices.


=== kobject ===

In the Linux kernel, a {{The Linux Kernel/id|kobject}} is a fundamental data structure used to represent kernel objects and provide a standardized interface for interacting with them.
A kobject is a generic object that can represent any type of kernel object, including devices, files, modules, and more.

The kobject data structure contains several fields that describe the object, such as its name, type, parent, and operations.
Each kobject has a unique name within its parent object, and the parent-child relationships form a hierarchy of kobjects.

Kobjects are managed by the kernel's sysfs file system, which provides a virtual file system that exposes kernel objects as files and directories in the user space.
Each kobject is associated with a sysfs directory, which contains files and attributes that can be read or written to interact with the kernel object.


⚲ Infrastructure API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kobject.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kobject}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel objects manipulation|driver-api/basics.html#kernel-objects-manipulation}}
: 🔧 TODO

=== Classes ===

A class is a higher-level view of a device that abstracts out low-level implementation details.
Drivers may see a NVME storage or a SATA storage, but, at the class level, they are all simply {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_class}} devices.
Classes allow user space to work with devices based on what they do, rather than how they are connected or how they work.
General DM classes structure match {{w|composite pattern}}.

⚲ API
: ls /sys/class/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|class_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|class}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device/class.h}}

👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_class}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_class}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|net_class}}


=== Buses ===

A {{w|peripheral bus}} is a channel between the processor and one or more peripheral devices.
A DM bus is {{w|Proxy pattern|proxy}} for a peripheral bus.  
General DM buses structure match {{w|composite pattern}}.
For the purposes of the device model, all devices are connected via a bus, even if it is an internal, virtual, {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_bus_type}}.
Buses can plug into each other.
A USB controller is usually a PCI device, for example.
The device model represents the actual connections between buses and the devices they control.
A bus is represented by the {{The Linux Kernel/id|bus_type}} structure.
It contains the name, the default attributes, the bus' methods, PM operations, and the driver core's private data.


⚲ API
: ls /sys/bus/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|bus_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|bus_type}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device/bus.h}}


👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|usb_bus_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_bus_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_bus_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|scsi_bus_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_bus_type}}

: [[#Peripheral_buses|Peripheral buses]]


=== Drivers ===

⚲ API
: ls /sys/bus/:/drivers/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|module_driver}} - simple common driver initializer, 👁 for example used in {{The Linux Kernel/id|module_pci_driver}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|driver_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_driver}} - basic device driver structure, one per all device instances.
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device/driver.h}}

👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_generic}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|usb_register_device_driver}}


'''Platform drivers'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|module_platform_driver}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_driver}} (platform wrapper of {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_driver}}) with {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_bus_type}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/platform_device.h}}

👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|gpio_mouse_device_driver}}


=== Devices ===

⚲ API
: ls /sys/devices/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|device}} - the basic device structure, per each device instance
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device.h}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device drivers infrastructure|driver-api/infrastructure.html}}

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dev_printk.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device Resource Management|driver-api/basics.html#device-resource-management}}, devres, devm ...

👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_bus}} mousedev_create


'''Platform devices'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device}} - platform wrapper of {{The Linux Kernel/doc|struct &lt;big&gt;device&lt;/big&gt; - the basic device structure|driver-api/infrastructure.html#c.device}}, contains resources associated with the device
: it can be created dynamically by {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device_register_simple}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device_alloc}}. Or registered with {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device_register}}.
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device_unregister}} - releases device and associated resources 
👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_pcspkr}}


⚲ API 🔧 TODO
: platform_device_info  platform_device_id platform_device_register_full platform_device_add
: platform_device_add_data platform_device_register_data platform_device_add_resources 
: attribute_group dev_pm_ops 


&lt;hr&gt;

⚙️ Internals 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dev_printk.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/kobject.c}} &amp;ndash; kobject library
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/platform.c}} &amp;ndash; platform bus for legacy devices
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/core.c}} &amp;ndash; driver model core
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/notifier.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/notifier.c}} &amp;ndash; notifier chains for event broadcasting

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device drivers infrastructure|driver-api/infrastructure.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Everything you never wanted to know about kobjects, ksets, and ktypes|core-api/kobject.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Driver Model|driver-api/driver-model}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The Linux Kernel Device Model|driver-api/driver-model/overview.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Platform Devices and Drivers|driver-api/driver-model/platform.html}}
: [https://linux-kernel-labs.github.io/refs/heads/master/labs/device_model.html Linux Device Model, by linux-kernel-labs]

{{:The Linux Kernel/Modules}}

== {{w|Peripheral bus}}es ==

Peripheral buses are the communication channels used to connect various peripheral devices to a computer system.
These buses are used to transfer data between the peripheral devices and the system's processor or memory.
In the Linux kernel, peripheral buses are implemented as drivers that enable communication between the operating system and the hardware.

Peripheral buses in the Linux kernel include USB, PCI, SPI, I2C, and more.
Each of these buses has its own unique characteristics, and the Linux kernel provides support for a wide range of peripheral devices.

The PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus is used to connect internal hardware devices in a computer system.
It is commonly used to connect graphics cards, network cards, and other expansion cards.
The Linux kernel provides a PCI bus driver that enables communication between the operating system and the devices connected to the bus.

The USB (Universal Serial Bus) is one of the most commonly used peripheral buses in modern computer systems.
It allows devices to be hot-swapped and supports high-speed data transfer rates.


🔧 TODO: device enumeration


⚲ API
: Shell interface: ls /proc/bus/ /sys/bus/

See also [[#Buses|Buses of Driver Model]]

See [[../Human_interfaces#Input_devices|'''Input: keyboard, mouse etc''']]

'''PCI'''

⚲ Shell API 
: lspci -vv
: column -t /proc/bus/pci/devices

Main article: [[The_Linux_Kernel/PCI|PCI]]


'''USB'''

⚲ Shell API 
: lsusb -v
: ls /sys/bus/usb/
: cat /proc/bus/usb/devices


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/usb}} &amp;ndash; USB subsystem


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|USB|usb}} 
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch13.pdf LDD3:USB Drivers]


'''Other buses'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/bus}} &amp;ndash; bus driver implementations


'''Buses for 🤖 embedded devices:'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/gpio/driver.h}} {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/gpio.h}} {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/gpio}} {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/gpio}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/i2c}} &amp;ndash; I2C bus framework, {{The Linux Kernel/doc|I2C|i2c}}


'''SPI'''

⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/spi/spi.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/spi}} &amp;ndash; SPI user-space tools

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/spi}} &amp;ndash; SPI bus framework
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|spi_register_controller}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|spi_controller_list}}🚧

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|SPI|spi}}

==Hardware interfaces==

Hardware interfaces are basic part of any operating, enabling communication between the processor and other HW components of a computer system: memory, peripheral devices and buses, various controllers.  

[[../Multitasking/CPU#Interrupts|Interrupts]]

===I/O ports and registers===

I/O ports and registers are electronic components in computer systems that enable communication between CPU and other electronic controllers and devices.


⚲ API 

{{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/io.h}} &amp;mdash; generic I/O port emulation.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ioport_map}}

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ioread32}} / {{The Linux Kernel/id|iowrite32}} ...

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|readl}}/ {{The Linux Kernel/id|writel}} ...

: The {in,out}[bwl] macros are for emulating x86-style PCI/ISA IO space:

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|inl}}/ {{The Linux Kernel/id|outl}} ...

{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/ioport.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/resource.c}} &amp;mdash; I/O and memory resource management.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_mem_region}}


{{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/io.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 I/O port and MMIO access

Functions for memory mapped registers:

{{The Linux Kernel/id|ioremap}} ...

==== regmap ====

The regmap subsystem provides a standardized abstraction layer for register access in device drivers.
It simplifies interactions with hardware registers across various bus types,
such as I2C, SPI, and MMIO, by offering a consistent API.

⚲ API 

{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/regmap.h}} &amp;mdash; register map access API
: the most frequently used functions:
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_update_bits}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_write}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_read}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_reg_range}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_bulk_read}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_regmap_init_i2c}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_set_bits}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_field_write}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_bulk_write}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_clear_bits}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_write_bits}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_config}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_read_poll_timeout}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_regmap_init_mmio}}


⚙️ Internals

{{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/regmap}} &amp;ndash; register map abstraction layer

===Hardware Device Drivers===

Keywords: firmware, hotplug, clock, mux, pin

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/acpi}} &amp;ndash; ACPI drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base}} &amp;ndash; driver model core
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/sdio}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Secure Digital#SDIO cards|Secure Digital Input Output}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/virtio}} &amp;ndash; virtio guest drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hwmon}} &amp;ndash; hardware monitoring
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/thermal}} &amp;ndash; thermal management
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/pinctrl}} &amp;ndash; pin control and multiplexing
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/clk}} &amp;ndash; clock framework


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Pin control subsystem|driver-api/pin-control.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux Hardware Monitoring|hwmon}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Firmware guide|firmware-guide}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Devicetree|devicetree}}
: https://hwmon.wiki.kernel.org/
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch14.pdf LDD3:The Linux Device Model] 
: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/tlk/dd/drivers.html
: http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/
: http://examples.oreilly.com/linuxdrive2/

=== Live patching ===

{{w|Kpatch|Live patching}} (since 4.0) allows applying critical fixes to a running kernel without rebooting.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/livepatch.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|klp_patch}} &amp;ndash; patch structure
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|klp_enable_patch}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/livepatch}} &amp;ndash; live patching core

📖 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Livepatch|livepatch}}

=== Booting and halting ===

==== Kernel booting ====

This is loaded in two stages - in the first stage the kernel (as a compressed image file) is loaded into memory and decompressed, and a few fundamental functions such as essential hardware and basic memory management (memory paging) are set up.
Control is then switched one final time to the main kernel start process calling {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}}, which then performs the majority of system setup (interrupts, the rest of memory management, device and driver initialization, etc.) before spawning separately, the idle process and scheduler, and the init process (which is executed in user space).

'''Kernel loading stage'''

The kernel as loaded is typically an image file, compressed into either zImage or bzImage formats with zlib.
A routine at the head of it does a minimal amount of hardware setup, decompresses the image fully into high memory, and takes note of any RAM disk if configured.
It then executes kernel startup via startup_64 (for x86_64 architecture).

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.lds.S}} - linker script defines entry {{The Linux Kernel/id|startup_64}} in
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S}} - assembly of extractor
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|extract_kernel}} - extractor in language C
:: prints
 Decompressing Linux... done.
 Booting the kernel.

'''Kernel startup stage'''

The startup function for the kernel (also called the swapper or process 0) establishes memory management (paging tables and memory paging), detects the type of CPU and any additional functionality such as floating point capabilities, and then switches to non-architecture specific Linux kernel functionality via a call to {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}}.


↯ Startup call hierarchy:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S}} &amp;ndash; linker script
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S}} &amp;ndash; assembly of uncompressed startup code
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/head64.c}} &amp;ndash; platform dependent startup:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_64_start_kernel}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_64_start_reservations}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|init/main.c}} &amp;ndash; main initialization code
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}} 200 SLOC
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mm_init}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mem_init}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmalloc_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rcu_init}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Read-copy-update}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rest_init}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_init}} - deferred kernel thread #1
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_init_freeable}} This and following functions are defined with attribute {{The Linux Kernel/id|__init}}
:::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|prepare_namespace}}
::::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|initrd_load}}
::::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mount_root}}
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|run_init_process}} obviously runs the first process {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|init}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthreadd}} &amp;ndash; deferred kernel thread #2
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_startup_entry}}
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_idle}}

{{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}} executes a wide range of initialization functions. It sets up interrupt handling (IRQs), further configures memory, starts the {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|init}} process (the first user-space process), and then starts the idle task via {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_startup_entry}}. Notably, the kernel startup process also mounts the {{w|initial ramdisk}} (initrd) that was loaded previously as the temporary root file system during the boot phase. The initrd allows driver modules to be loaded directly from memory, without reliance upon other devices (e.g. a hard disk) and the drivers that are needed to access them (e.g. a SATA driver). This split of some drivers statically compiled into the kernel and other drivers loaded from initrd allows for a smaller kernel. The root file system is later switched via a call to {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|pivot_root}} / {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pivot_root}} which unmounts the temporary root file system and replaces it with the use of the real one, once the latter is accessible. The memory used by the temporary root file system is then reclaimed.


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/Kconfig.debug}} &amp;ndash; x86 debugging Kconfig options
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/smpboot.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/smpboot.c}} &amp;ndash; common SMP CPU bringup/teardown
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 SMP booting
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kallsyms.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/kallsyms.c}} &amp;ndash; the /proc/kallsyms kernel symbol table

===== ... =====

📖 References
: Article about [[../Booting|booting of the kernel]]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Initial RAM disk|admin-guide/initrd.html}}
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=initcall_debug initcall_debug, boot argument]
: {{w|Linux startup process}}
: {{w|init}}
: [http://lwn.net/Articles/632528/ Linux (U)EFI boot process]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The kernel’s command-line parameters|admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The EFI Boot Stub|admin-guide/efi-stub.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Boot Configuration|admin-guide/bootconfig.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Boot time memory management|core-api/boot-time-mm.html}}
: [https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Booting/README.md Kernel booting process]
: [https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Initialization/README.md Kernel initialization process]


📚 Further reading

: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Boot-time tracing|trace/boottime-trace.html}}
: {{w|E820}}

💾 ''Historical''
: http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux-i386-Boot-Code-HOWTO/
: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-1.html
: http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/KernelAnalysis-HOWTO-4.html

==== Halting or rebooting ====

🔧 TODO


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/reboot.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/stop_machine.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|print_stop_info}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|stop_machine}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|stop_core_cpuslocked}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|reboot}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_reboot}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|machine_restart}} or
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|machine_halt}} or
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|machine_power_off}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|kexec_load}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/kexec.c}} &amp;ndash; load a new kernel for later execution ({{w|kdump (Linux)|kdump}})
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|reboot_mode}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/reboot-mode.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|reboot_mode_driver}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_reboot_mode_register}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/reboot.c}} &amp;ndash; reboot, halt and power-off
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/stop_machine.c}} &amp;ndash; stop all CPUs for safe code patching
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_stopper}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_stop_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_stopper_thread}} &amp;ndash; &quot;migration&quot; tasks
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 reboot methods

: [[../Softdog Driver/]]

==== Power management ====

Keyword: suspend, alarm, hibernation.


⚲ API 
: /sys/power/
: /sys/kernel/debug/wakeup_sources
:: &lt;big&gt;⌨️&lt;/big&gt; hands-on:
:: sudo awk '{gsub(&quot;^ &quot;,&quot;?&quot;)} NR&gt;1 {if ($6) {print $1}}' /sys/kernel/debug/wakeup_sources
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux|dev_pm_ops}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_qos.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_clock.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_domain.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_wakeirq.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_wakeup.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wakeup_source}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wakeup_source_register}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/suspend.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_suspend}} suspends the system
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/freezer.h}} &amp;ndash; process freezer for suspend/hibernate
: Suspend and wakeup depend on
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timer_create}} and {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timerfd_create}} with clock ids {{The Linux Kernel/id|CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM}} will wake the system if it is suspended.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_ctl}} with flag {{The Linux Kernel/id|EPOLLWAKEUP}} blocks suspend 
:: See also {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|capabilities}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|CAP_WAKE_ALARM}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PM}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_SUSPEND}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/power}} &amp;ndash; suspend, hibernate and PM core
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alarm_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/alarmtimer.c}} &amp;ndash; alarm timer for wakeup events
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/power}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wakeup_sources}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|PM administration|admin-guide/pm}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU and Device PM|driver-api/pm}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Power Management|power}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|sysfs power testing ABI|admin-guide/abi-testing.html#file-testing-sysfs-power}}
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management
: {{w|PowerTOP}}
: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpupower cpupower]
: [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man8/tlp.8.html tlp] &amp;ndash; apply laptop power management settings
: {{w|ACPI}} &amp;ndash; Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

===== Runtime PM =====

Keywords: runtime power management, devices power management opportunistic suspend, autosuspend, autosleep.


⚲ API
: /sys/devices/.../power/:
:: async  autosuspend_delay_ms  control  runtime_active_kids  runtime_active_time  runtime_enabled  runtime_status runtime_suspended_time  runtime_usage
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_runtime.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_mark_last_busy}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_enable}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_disable}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_get}} &amp;ndash; asynchronous get
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_get_sync}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_resume_and_get}} &amp;ndash; preferable synchronous get
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_put}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_put_noidle}} &amp;ndash; just decrement usage counter
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_put_sync}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_put_autosuspend}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|SET_RUNTIME_PM_OPS}}


👁 Example: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ac97_pm}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PM_AUTOSLEEP}}

=== ... ===
📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Runtime Power Management Framework for I/O Devices|power/runtime_pm.html}}
: [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/applications/cpuidle CPU idle power saving methods for real-time workloads]
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power Sysfs devices PM API]
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/driver-api/usb/power-management.rst Power Management for USB]
: [https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management-Opportunistic_suspend Opportunistic suspend]

📚 Further reading
: https://deepwiki.com/torvalds/linux/5-hardware-drivers

== Building and Updating ==
: [[../Updating/]]


{{BookCat}}</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
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      <text bytes="43630" sha1="3hku0b97k3r03nb36ms2uo73wam0473" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:System functionality}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

{| style=&quot;float: right; text-align: center; border-spacing: 0; margin: auto;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5pc&quot;
! bgcolor=&quot;#edf&quot; |system
|- 
| bgcolor=&quot;#cdf&quot; |[[#System interfaces|system interfaces]]
|- 
| bgcolor=#abe   |[[#Virtualization|virtualization]]
|- 
| bgcolor=&quot;#aad&quot; |[[#Driver Model|Driver Model]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#99c&quot; |[[../Modules|modules]]
|- 
| bgcolor=&quot;#88a&quot; |[[#Peripheral buses|buses]], [[The Linux Kernel/PCI|PCI]]
|- 
| bgcolor=&quot;#889&quot; |[[#Hardware interfaces|hardware interfaces]], [[#Booting and halting|[re]booting]]
|}
The System functionality is named after system calls and sysfs.
It differs from other kernel functionalities.
Its subsystems are not tightly coupled across layers but instead provide infrastructure to other parts of the kernel.
For example, the System Calls subsystem offers a common interface layer for all functionalities exposed to user space.

== System interfaces ==

There are several mechanisms available in Linux for user space system interfaces.
One of the most common mechanisms is through {{w|system call}}s, which are functions that allow user space applications to request services from the kernel, such as opening files, creating processes, and accessing system resources.

Another mechanism for user space communication is through {{w|device file}}s, which are special files that represent physical or virtual devices, such as storage devices, network interfaces, and various peripheral devices.
User space applications can communicate with these devices by reading from and writing to their corresponding device files.

In summary, Linux kernel provides several mechanisms for user space communication, including system calls, device files, {{w|procfs}}, {{w|sysfs}}, and devtmpfs.
These mechanisms enable user space applications to communicate with the kernel and access system resources in a safe and controlled manner.

⚲ APIs:
: kernel space API for user space
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/uapi}} &amp;ndash; x86 user-space API headers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ioctl}}
:: [[#System calls|System calls]]
:: [[#Device files|Device files]]
: user space API for kernel space
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/uaccess.h}}:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|copy_to_user}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|copy_from_user}}

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|User-space API guides|userspace-api}}
: {{w|User space}}
: {{w|Linux kernel interfaces}}
: [http://safari.oreilly.com/0596005652/understandlk-CHP-11 ULK3 Chapter 11. Signals]


===System calls===

System calls are the fundamental interface between user space applications and the Linux kernel.
They provide a way for programs to request services from the operating system, such as opening a file, allocating memory, or creating a new process.
In the Linux kernel, system calls are implemented as functions that can be invoked by user space programs using a software interrupt mechanism.

The Linux kernel provides hundreds of system calls, each with its own unique functionality.
These system calls are organized into categories such as process management, file management, network communication, and memory management.
User space applications can use these system calls to interact with the kernel and access the underlying system resources.


⚲ API

: [[../Syscalls|Table of syscalls]]
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syscalls}}


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/syscalls.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/entry}} &amp;ndash; common syscall entry/exit and exception handling
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|syscall_init}} installs {{The Linux Kernel/id|entry_SYSCALL_64}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syscall}} ↪
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|entry_SYSCALL_64}} ↯ call hierarchy: 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_syscall_64}} 
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_call_table}}


📖 References
: {{w|System call}}
: [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/dir_section_2.html Directory of system calls, man section 2]
: Anatomy of a system call, [https://lwn.net/Articles/604287/ part 1] and [https://lwn.net/Articles/604515/ part 2]
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|syscalls}}


💾 ''Historical''
: [http://safari.oreilly.com/0596005652/understandlk-CHP-10 ULK3 Chapter 10. System Calls]

=== Device files ===

Classic UNIX devices are [[../Human_interfaces#Char_devices|Char devices]] used as byte streams with {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ioctl}}.

⚲ API 

 ls /dev
 cat /proc/devices 
 cat /proc/misc

Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|misc_fops}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|usb_fops}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|memory_fops}}

: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Allocated devices|admin-guide/devices.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/char}} &amp;ndash; miscellaneous byte stream devices
: [https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/understanding-the-linux/0596005652/ch13.html Chapter 13. I/O Architecture and Device Drivers]

==== hiddev ====

⚠️ Warning: confusion. hiddev isn't real [[../Human_interfaces#HID|human interface device]]! It reuses USBHID infrastructure. hiddev is used for example for monitor controls and Uninterruptible Power Supplies.
This module supports these devices separately using a separate event interface on /dev/usb/hiddevX (char 180:96  to 180:111) (⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|HIDDEV_MINOR_BASE}})

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/hiddev.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|HID_CONNECT_HIDDEV}}

⚙️ Internals
: [https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/K/ident/CONFIG_USB_HIDDEV CONFIG_USB_HIDDEV]
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hiddev.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hiddev_event}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hid/usbhid/hiddev.c}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|hiddev_fops}}

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|HIDDEV - Care and feeding of your Human Interface Devices|hid/hiddev.html}}


📖 References
: {{w|Device file}}

===Administration===

🔧 TODO

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|netlink}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The Linux kernel user’s and administrator’s guide|admin-guide}}

==== procfs ====
The ''proc filesystem'' (''procfs'') is a special filesystem that presents information about processes and other system information in a hierarchical file-like structure, providing a more convenient and standardized method for dynamically accessing process data held in the kernel than traditional tracing methods or direct access to kernel memory.
Typically, it is mapped to a mount point named &lt;code&gt;/proc&lt;/code&gt; at boot time.
The proc file system acts as an interface to internal data structures in the kernel.
It can be used to obtain information about the system and to change certain kernel parameters at runtime.

&lt;code&gt;/proc&lt;/code&gt; includes a directory for each running process &amp;mdash;including kernel threads&amp;mdash; in directories named &lt;code&gt;/proc/PID&lt;/code&gt;, where &lt;code&gt;PID&lt;/code&gt; is the process number. Each directory contains information about one process, including the command that originally started the process (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/cmdline&lt;/code&gt;), the names and values of its environment variables (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/environ&lt;/code&gt;), a symlink to its working directory (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/cwd&lt;/code&gt;), another symlink to the original executable file &amp;mdash;if it still exists&amp;mdash; (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/exe&lt;/code&gt;), a couple of directories with symlinks to each open file descriptor (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/fd&lt;/code&gt;) and the status &amp;mdash;position, flags, ...&amp;mdash; of each of them (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/fdinfo&lt;/code&gt;), information about mapped files and blocks like heap and stack (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/maps&lt;/code&gt;), a binary image representing the process's virtual memory (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/mem&lt;/code&gt;), a symlink to the root path as seen by the process (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/root&lt;/code&gt;), a directory containing hard links to any child process or thread (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/task&lt;/code&gt;), basic information about a process including its run state and memory usage (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/status&lt;/code&gt;) and much more.


📖 References
: {{w|procfs}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|procfs}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|capabilities}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/proc_fs.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/seq_file.h}} &amp;ndash; sequential file interface for /proc entries
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/proc}} &amp;ndash; procfs implementation
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sysctl.h}} &amp;ndash; /proc/sys runtime kernel tuning:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c}} &amp;ndash; filesystem interface
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sysctl.c}} &amp;ndash; read/write handlers (proc_dointvec, proc_dostring, ...)

==== sysfs ====
sysfs is a pseudo-file system that exports information about various kernel subsystems, hardware devices, and associated device drivers from the kernel's device model to user space through virtual files.
In addition to providing information about various devices and kernel subsystems, exported virtual files are also used for their configuring.
Sysfs is designed to export the information present in the device tree, which would then no longer clutter up procfs.

Sysfs is mounted under the &lt;code&gt;/sys&lt;/code&gt; mount point.

⚲ API

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sysfs.h}}

📖 References
: {{w|sysfs}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|sysfs}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|sysfs - filesystem for exporting kernel objects|filesystems/sysfs.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/sysfs}} &amp;ndash; sysfs implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/kernfs}} &amp;ndash; kernfs, the backing filesystem for sysfs and cgroups

==== devtmpfs ====

devtmpfs is a hybrid {{w|User space and kernel space|kernel/user space}} approach of a device filesystem to provide nodes before udev runs for the first time.


📖 References
: {{w|Device file}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/devtmpfs.c}} &amp;ndash; kernel-maintained tmpfs /dev

==== configfs ====

{{The Linux Kernel/doc|configfs|filesystems/configfs.html}} is a userspace-driven kernel object configuration filesystem mounted at /sys/kernel/config/.
Unlike sysfs (which exposes kernel-created objects), configfs lets userspace create and configure kernel objects via mkdir/rmdir.
Used by USB gadget, NVMe target, ACPI, null_blk, GPIO simulator and other subsystems.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/configfs.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|config_item}} &amp;ndash; base object, created by userspace mkdir
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|config_group}} &amp;ndash; container for config_items
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|configfs_attribute}} &amp;ndash; per-item readable/writable attribute
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|configfs_subsystem}} &amp;ndash; top-level subsystem registration
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|configfs_register_subsystem}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/configfs}}

== Virtualization ==

🔧 TODO

See {{w|Kernel-based Virtual Machine}}

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Virtualization Support|virt/}}

📚 Further reading
: https://deepwiki.com/torvalds/linux/3-virtualization


=== Containerization ===

{{w|OS-level virtualization|Containerization}} is a powerful technology that has revolutionized the way software applications are developed, deployed, and run.
At its core, containerization provides an isolated environment for running applications, where the application has all the necessary dependencies and can be easily moved from one environment to another without worrying about any compatibility issues.

Containerization technology has its roots in the {{w|chroot}} command, which was introduced in the Unix operating system in the 1979.
Chroot provided a way to change the root directory of a process, effectively creating a new isolated environment with its own file system hierarchy.
However, this early implementation of containerization had limited functionality, and it was difficult to manage and control the various processes running within the container.

In the early 2000s, the Linux kernel introduced {{w|Linux namespaces|namespaces}} and {{w|cgroups|control groups}} to provide a more robust and scalable containerization solution.
'''Namespaces''' allow processes to have their own isolated view of the system, including the file system, network, and process ID space, while '''control groups''' provide fine-grained control over the resources allocated to each container, such as CPU, memory, and I/O.

Using these kernel features, containerization platforms such as {{w|Docker (software)|Docker}} and {{w|Kubernetes}} have emerged as popular solutions for building and deploying containerized applications at scale.
Containerization has become an essential tool for modern software development, allowing developers to easily package applications and deploy them in a consistent and predictable manner across different environments.

==== Resources usage and limits ====

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|chroot}} &amp;ndash; change root directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sysinfo}} &amp;ndash; return system information
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getrusage}} &amp;ndash; get resource usage
: get/set resource limits:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getrlimit}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setrlimit}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|prlimit64}}

📖 References
: {{w|chroot}}

==== Namespaces ====
{{w|Linux namespaces}} provide the way to isolate and virtualize different aspects of the operating system.
Namespaces allow multiple instances of an application to run in isolation from each other, without interfering with the host system or other instances.

🔧 TODO


⚲ API
: /proc/self/ns
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|lsns}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ioctl_ns}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ns_ioctl}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|unshare}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|unshare}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|nsenter}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setns}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|clone3}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|clone_args}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/ns_common.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/proc_ns.h}}
: namespaces definition
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|uts_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ipc_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mnt_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pid_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|net/net_namespace.h}} - struct net
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|user_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|time_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup_namespace}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|init_nsproxy}} - struct of namespaces
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/nsproxy.c}} &amp;ndash; namespace proxy management
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; mount namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/proc/namespaces.c}} &amp;ndash; /proc namespace entries
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/core/net_namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; network namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; time namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/user_namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; user namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/pid_namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; PID namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/utsname.c}} &amp;ndash; UTS namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cgroup/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; cgroup namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|ipc/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; IPC namespace


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|uts_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|ipc_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|mount_namespace}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|pid_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|network_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|user_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|time_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|cgroup_namespaces}}

=== Control groups ===


{{w|cgroups}} are used to limit and control the resource usage of groups of processes. They allow administrators to set limits on CPU usage, memory usage, disk I/O, network bandwidth, and other resources, which can be useful for managing system performance and preventing resource contention.

There are two versions of cgroups.
Unlike v1, cgroup v2 has only a single process hierarchy and discriminates between processes, not threads.


Here are some of the key differences between cgroups v1 and v2:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!cgroups v1
!cgroups v2
|-
|Hierarchy
|each subsystem had its own hierarchy, which could lead to complexity and confusion
|unified hierarchy, which simplifies management and enables better resource allocation
|-
|Controllers
|has several subsystems that are controlled by separate controllers, each with its own set of configuration files and parameters
|controllers are consolidated into a single &quot;cgroup2&quot; controller, which provides a unified interface for managing resources
|-
|Resource distribution
|distributes resources among groups of processes based on proportional sharing, which can lead to unpredictable results
|resources are distributed based on a &quot;weighted fair queuing&quot; algorithm, which provides better predictability and fairness
|}

Cgroups v2 is not backward compatible with cgroups v1, which means that migrating from v1 to v2 can be challenging and requires careful planning.


🔧 TODO


⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cgroup.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cgroup-defs.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|css_set}} &amp;ndash; holds set of reference-counted pointers to {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup_subsys_state}} objects
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup_subsys}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cgroup_subsys.h}} &amp;ndash; list of cgroup subsystems


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cg_list}} &amp;ndash; list of {{The Linux Kernel/id|css_set}} in task_struct
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cgroup}} &amp;ndash; cgroup core
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup2_fs_type}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/testing/selftests/cgroup}} &amp;ndash; cgroup self-tests


📖 References
: [[The_Linux_Kernel/System/CGroup_v2|Control Groups v2]]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Control Groups v1|admin-guide/cgroup-v1/}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|systemd-cgtop}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|systemd.slice}} &amp;ndash; slice unit configuration
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|cgroups}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|cgroup_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CFS Bandwidth Control for cgroups|scheduler/sched-bwc.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Real-Time group scheduling|scheduler/sched-rt-group.html}}
: [https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/latest/html/managing_monitoring_and_updating_the_kernel/setting-limits-for-applications_managing-monitoring-and-updating-the-kernel Understanding control groups, RHEL]


📚 Further reading
: https://github.com/containers
: [https://github.com/mk-fg/fgtk#cgrc cgrc tool]

💾 Historical
: https://github.com/mk-fg/cgroup-tools for cgroup v1

== Driver Model ==

The Linux driver model (or Device Model, or just DM) is a framework that provides a consistent and standardized way for device drivers to interface with the kernel.
It defines a set of rules, interfaces, and data structures that enable device drivers to communicate with the kernel and perform various operations, such as managing resources, lifecycle and more.

DM core structure consists of DM classes, DM buses, DM drivers and DM devices.


=== kobject ===

In the Linux kernel, a {{The Linux Kernel/id|kobject}} is a fundamental data structure used to represent kernel objects and provide a standardized interface for interacting with them.
A kobject is a generic object that can represent any type of kernel object, including devices, files, modules, and more.

The kobject data structure contains several fields that describe the object, such as its name, type, parent, and operations.
Each kobject has a unique name within its parent object, and the parent-child relationships form a hierarchy of kobjects.

Kobjects are managed by the kernel's sysfs file system, which provides a virtual file system that exposes kernel objects as files and directories in the user space.
Each kobject is associated with a sysfs directory, which contains files and attributes that can be read or written to interact with the kernel object.


⚲ Infrastructure API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kobject.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kobject}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel objects manipulation|driver-api/basics.html#kernel-objects-manipulation}}
: 🔧 TODO

=== Classes ===

A class is a higher-level view of a device that abstracts out low-level implementation details.
Drivers may see a NVME storage or a SATA storage, but, at the class level, they are all simply {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_class}} devices.
Classes allow user space to work with devices based on what they do, rather than how they are connected or how they work.
General DM classes structure match {{w|composite pattern}}.

⚲ API
: ls /sys/class/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|class_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|class}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device/class.h}}

👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_class}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_class}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|net_class}}


=== Buses ===

A {{w|peripheral bus}} is a channel between the processor and one or more peripheral devices.
A DM bus is {{w|Proxy pattern|proxy}} for a peripheral bus.  
General DM buses structure match {{w|composite pattern}}.
For the purposes of the device model, all devices are connected via a bus, even if it is an internal, virtual, {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_bus_type}}.
Buses can plug into each other.
A USB controller is usually a PCI device, for example.
The device model represents the actual connections between buses and the devices they control.
A bus is represented by the {{The Linux Kernel/id|bus_type}} structure.
It contains the name, the default attributes, the bus' methods, PM operations, and the driver core's private data.


⚲ API
: ls /sys/bus/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|bus_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|bus_type}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device/bus.h}}


👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|usb_bus_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_bus_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_bus_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|scsi_bus_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_bus_type}}

: [[#Peripheral_buses|Peripheral buses]]


=== Drivers ===

⚲ API
: ls /sys/bus/:/drivers/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|module_driver}} - simple common driver initializer, 👁 for example used in {{The Linux Kernel/id|module_pci_driver}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|driver_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_driver}} - basic device driver structure, one per all device instances.
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device/driver.h}}

👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_generic}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|usb_register_device_driver}}


'''Platform drivers'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|module_platform_driver}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_driver}} (platform wrapper of {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_driver}}) with {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_bus_type}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/platform_device.h}}

👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|gpio_mouse_device_driver}}


=== Devices ===

⚲ API
: ls /sys/devices/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|device}} - the basic device structure, per each device instance
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device.h}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device drivers infrastructure|driver-api/infrastructure.html}}

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dev_printk.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device Resource Management|driver-api/basics.html#device-resource-management}}, devres, devm ...

👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_bus}} mousedev_create


'''Platform devices'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device}} - platform wrapper of {{The Linux Kernel/doc|struct &lt;big&gt;device&lt;/big&gt; - the basic device structure|driver-api/infrastructure.html#c.device}}, contains resources associated with the device
: it can be created dynamically by {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device_register_simple}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device_alloc}}. Or registered with {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device_register}}.
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device_unregister}} - releases device and associated resources 
👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_pcspkr}}


⚲ API 🔧 TODO
: platform_device_info  platform_device_id platform_device_register_full platform_device_add
: platform_device_add_data platform_device_register_data platform_device_add_resources 
: attribute_group dev_pm_ops 


&lt;hr&gt;

⚙️ Internals 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dev_printk.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/kobject.c}} &amp;ndash; kobject library
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/platform.c}} &amp;ndash; platform bus for legacy devices
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/core.c}} &amp;ndash; driver model core
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/notifier.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/notifier.c}} &amp;ndash; notifier chains for event broadcasting

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device drivers infrastructure|driver-api/infrastructure.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Everything you never wanted to know about kobjects, ksets, and ktypes|core-api/kobject.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Driver Model|driver-api/driver-model}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The Linux Kernel Device Model|driver-api/driver-model/overview.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Platform Devices and Drivers|driver-api/driver-model/platform.html}}
: [https://linux-kernel-labs.github.io/refs/heads/master/labs/device_model.html Linux Device Model, by linux-kernel-labs]

{{:The Linux Kernel/Modules}}

== {{w|Peripheral bus}}es ==

Peripheral buses are the communication channels used to connect various peripheral devices to a computer system.
These buses are used to transfer data between the peripheral devices and the system's processor or memory.
In the Linux kernel, peripheral buses are implemented as drivers that enable communication between the operating system and the hardware.

Peripheral buses in the Linux kernel include USB, PCI, SPI, I2C, and more.
Each of these buses has its own unique characteristics, and the Linux kernel provides support for a wide range of peripheral devices.

The PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus is used to connect internal hardware devices in a computer system.
It is commonly used to connect graphics cards, network cards, and other expansion cards.
The Linux kernel provides a PCI bus driver that enables communication between the operating system and the devices connected to the bus.

The USB (Universal Serial Bus) is one of the most commonly used peripheral buses in modern computer systems.
It allows devices to be hot-swapped and supports high-speed data transfer rates.


🔧 TODO: device enumeration


⚲ API
: Shell interface: ls /proc/bus/ /sys/bus/

See also [[#Buses|Buses of Driver Model]]

See [[../Human_interfaces#Input_devices|'''Input: keyboard, mouse etc''']]

'''PCI'''

⚲ Shell API 
: lspci -vv
: column -t /proc/bus/pci/devices

Main article: [[The_Linux_Kernel/PCI|PCI]]


'''USB'''

⚲ Shell API 
: lsusb -v
: ls /sys/bus/usb/
: cat /proc/bus/usb/devices


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/usb}} &amp;ndash; USB subsystem


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|USB|usb}} 
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch13.pdf LDD3:USB Drivers]


'''Other buses'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/bus}} &amp;ndash; bus driver implementations


'''Buses for 🤖 embedded devices:'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/gpio/driver.h}} {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/gpio.h}} {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/gpio}} {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/gpio}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/i2c}} &amp;ndash; I2C bus framework, {{The Linux Kernel/doc|I2C|i2c}}


'''SPI'''

⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/spi/spi.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/spi}} &amp;ndash; SPI user-space tools

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/spi}} &amp;ndash; SPI bus framework
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|spi_register_controller}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|spi_controller_list}}🚧

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|SPI|spi}}

==Hardware interfaces==

Hardware interfaces are basic part of any operating, enabling communication between the processor and other HW components of a computer system: memory, peripheral devices and buses, various controllers.  

[[../Multitasking/CPU#Interrupts|Interrupts]]

===I/O ports and registers===

I/O ports and registers are electronic components in computer systems that enable communication between CPU and other electronic controllers and devices.


⚲ API 

{{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/io.h}} &amp;mdash; generic I/O port emulation.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ioport_map}}

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ioread32}} / {{The Linux Kernel/id|iowrite32}} ...

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|readl}}/ {{The Linux Kernel/id|writel}} ...

: The {in,out}[bwl] macros are for emulating x86-style PCI/ISA IO space:

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|inl}}/ {{The Linux Kernel/id|outl}} ...

{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/ioport.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/resource.c}} &amp;mdash; I/O and memory resource management.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_mem_region}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_mem_region}}


{{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/io.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 I/O port and MMIO access

Functions for memory mapped registers:

{{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_ioremap}} ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ioremap}}

==== regmap ====

The regmap subsystem provides a standardized abstraction layer for register access in device drivers.
It simplifies interactions with hardware registers across various bus types,
such as I2C, SPI, and MMIO, by offering a consistent API.

⚲ API 

{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/regmap.h}} &amp;mdash; register map access API
: the most frequently used functions:
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_update_bits}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_write}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_read}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_reg_range}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_bulk_read}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_regmap_init_i2c}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_set_bits}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_field_write}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_bulk_write}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_clear_bits}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_write_bits}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_config}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_read_poll_timeout}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_regmap_init_mmio}}


⚙️ Internals

{{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/regmap}} &amp;ndash; register map abstraction layer

===Hardware Device Drivers===

Keywords: firmware, hotplug, clock, mux, pin

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/acpi}} &amp;ndash; ACPI drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base}} &amp;ndash; driver model core
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/sdio}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Secure Digital#SDIO cards|Secure Digital Input Output}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/virtio}} &amp;ndash; virtio guest drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hwmon}} &amp;ndash; hardware monitoring
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/thermal}} &amp;ndash; thermal management
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/pinctrl}} &amp;ndash; pin control and multiplexing
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/clk}} &amp;ndash; clock framework


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Pin control subsystem|driver-api/pin-control.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux Hardware Monitoring|hwmon}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Firmware guide|firmware-guide}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Devicetree|devicetree}}
: https://hwmon.wiki.kernel.org/
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch14.pdf LDD3:The Linux Device Model] 
: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/tlk/dd/drivers.html
: http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/
: http://examples.oreilly.com/linuxdrive2/

=== Live patching ===

{{w|Kpatch|Live patching}} (since 4.0) allows applying critical fixes to a running kernel without rebooting.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/livepatch.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|klp_patch}} &amp;ndash; patch structure
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|klp_enable_patch}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/livepatch}} &amp;ndash; live patching core

📖 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Livepatch|livepatch}}

=== Booting and halting ===

==== Kernel booting ====

This is loaded in two stages - in the first stage the kernel (as a compressed image file) is loaded into memory and decompressed, and a few fundamental functions such as essential hardware and basic memory management (memory paging) are set up.
Control is then switched one final time to the main kernel start process calling {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}}, which then performs the majority of system setup (interrupts, the rest of memory management, device and driver initialization, etc.) before spawning separately, the idle process and scheduler, and the init process (which is executed in user space).

'''Kernel loading stage'''

The kernel as loaded is typically an image file, compressed into either zImage or bzImage formats with zlib.
A routine at the head of it does a minimal amount of hardware setup, decompresses the image fully into high memory, and takes note of any RAM disk if configured.
It then executes kernel startup via startup_64 (for x86_64 architecture).

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.lds.S}} - linker script defines entry {{The Linux Kernel/id|startup_64}} in
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S}} - assembly of extractor
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|extract_kernel}} - extractor in language C
:: prints
 Decompressing Linux... done.
 Booting the kernel.

'''Kernel startup stage'''

The startup function for the kernel (also called the swapper or process 0) establishes memory management (paging tables and memory paging), detects the type of CPU and any additional functionality such as floating point capabilities, and then switches to non-architecture specific Linux kernel functionality via a call to {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}}.


↯ Startup call hierarchy:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S}} &amp;ndash; linker script
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S}} &amp;ndash; assembly of uncompressed startup code
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/head64.c}} &amp;ndash; platform dependent startup:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_64_start_kernel}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_64_start_reservations}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|init/main.c}} &amp;ndash; main initialization code
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}} 200 SLOC
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mm_init}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mem_init}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmalloc_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rcu_init}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Read-copy-update}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rest_init}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_init}} - deferred kernel thread #1
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_init_freeable}} This and following functions are defined with attribute {{The Linux Kernel/id|__init}}
:::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|prepare_namespace}}
::::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|initrd_load}}
::::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mount_root}}
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|run_init_process}} obviously runs the first process {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|init}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthreadd}} &amp;ndash; deferred kernel thread #2
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_startup_entry}}
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_idle}}

{{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}} executes a wide range of initialization functions. It sets up interrupt handling (IRQs), further configures memory, starts the {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|init}} process (the first user-space process), and then starts the idle task via {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_startup_entry}}. Notably, the kernel startup process also mounts the {{w|initial ramdisk}} (initrd) that was loaded previously as the temporary root file system during the boot phase. The initrd allows driver modules to be loaded directly from memory, without reliance upon other devices (e.g. a hard disk) and the drivers that are needed to access them (e.g. a SATA driver). This split of some drivers statically compiled into the kernel and other drivers loaded from initrd allows for a smaller kernel. The root file system is later switched via a call to {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|pivot_root}} / {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pivot_root}} which unmounts the temporary root file system and replaces it with the use of the real one, once the latter is accessible. The memory used by the temporary root file system is then reclaimed.


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/Kconfig.debug}} &amp;ndash; x86 debugging Kconfig options
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/smpboot.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/smpboot.c}} &amp;ndash; common SMP CPU bringup/teardown
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 SMP booting
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kallsyms.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/kallsyms.c}} &amp;ndash; the /proc/kallsyms kernel symbol table

===== ... =====

📖 References
: Article about [[../Booting|booting of the kernel]]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Initial RAM disk|admin-guide/initrd.html}}
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=initcall_debug initcall_debug, boot argument]
: {{w|Linux startup process}}
: {{w|init}}
: [http://lwn.net/Articles/632528/ Linux (U)EFI boot process]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The kernel’s command-line parameters|admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The EFI Boot Stub|admin-guide/efi-stub.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Boot Configuration|admin-guide/bootconfig.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Boot time memory management|core-api/boot-time-mm.html}}
: [https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Booting/README.md Kernel booting process]
: [https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Initialization/README.md Kernel initialization process]


📚 Further reading

: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Boot-time tracing|trace/boottime-trace.html}}
: {{w|E820}}

💾 ''Historical''
: http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux-i386-Boot-Code-HOWTO/
: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-1.html
: http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/KernelAnalysis-HOWTO-4.html

==== Halting or rebooting ====

🔧 TODO


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/reboot.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/stop_machine.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|print_stop_info}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|stop_machine}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|stop_core_cpuslocked}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|reboot}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_reboot}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|machine_restart}} or
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|machine_halt}} or
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|machine_power_off}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|kexec_load}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/kexec.c}} &amp;ndash; load a new kernel for later execution ({{w|kdump (Linux)|kdump}})
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|reboot_mode}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/reboot-mode.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|reboot_mode_driver}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_reboot_mode_register}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/reboot.c}} &amp;ndash; reboot, halt and power-off
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/stop_machine.c}} &amp;ndash; stop all CPUs for safe code patching
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_stopper}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_stop_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_stopper_thread}} &amp;ndash; &quot;migration&quot; tasks
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 reboot methods

: [[../Softdog Driver/]]

==== Power management ====

Keyword: suspend, alarm, hibernation.


⚲ API 
: /sys/power/
: /sys/kernel/debug/wakeup_sources
:: &lt;big&gt;⌨️&lt;/big&gt; hands-on:
:: sudo awk '{gsub(&quot;^ &quot;,&quot;?&quot;)} NR&gt;1 {if ($6) {print $1}}' /sys/kernel/debug/wakeup_sources
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux|dev_pm_ops}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_qos.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_clock.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_domain.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_wakeirq.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_wakeup.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wakeup_source}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wakeup_source_register}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/suspend.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_suspend}} suspends the system
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/freezer.h}} &amp;ndash; process freezer for suspend/hibernate
: Suspend and wakeup depend on
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timer_create}} and {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timerfd_create}} with clock ids {{The Linux Kernel/id|CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM}} will wake the system if it is suspended.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_ctl}} with flag {{The Linux Kernel/id|EPOLLWAKEUP}} blocks suspend 
:: See also {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|capabilities}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|CAP_WAKE_ALARM}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PM}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_SUSPEND}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/power}} &amp;ndash; suspend, hibernate and PM core
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alarm_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/alarmtimer.c}} &amp;ndash; alarm timer for wakeup events
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/power}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wakeup_sources}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|PM administration|admin-guide/pm}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU and Device PM|driver-api/pm}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Power Management|power}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|sysfs power testing ABI|admin-guide/abi-testing.html#file-testing-sysfs-power}}
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management
: {{w|PowerTOP}}
: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpupower cpupower]
: [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man8/tlp.8.html tlp] &amp;ndash; apply laptop power management settings
: {{w|ACPI}} &amp;ndash; Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

===== Runtime PM =====

Keywords: runtime power management, devices power management opportunistic suspend, autosuspend, autosleep.


⚲ API
: /sys/devices/.../power/:
:: async  autosuspend_delay_ms  control  runtime_active_kids  runtime_active_time  runtime_enabled  runtime_status runtime_suspended_time  runtime_usage
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_runtime.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_mark_last_busy}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_pm_runtime_enable}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_enable}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_disable}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_get}} &amp;ndash; asynchronous get
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_get_sync}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_resume_and_get}} &amp;ndash; preferable synchronous get
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_put}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_put_noidle}} &amp;ndash; just decrement usage counter
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_put_sync}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_put_autosuspend}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|SET_RUNTIME_PM_OPS}}


👁 Example: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ac97_pm}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PM_AUTOSLEEP}}

=== ... ===
📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Runtime Power Management Framework for I/O Devices|power/runtime_pm.html}}
: [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/applications/cpuidle CPU idle power saving methods for real-time workloads]
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power Sysfs devices PM API]
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/driver-api/usb/power-management.rst Power Management for USB]
: [https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management-Opportunistic_suspend Opportunistic suspend]

📚 Further reading
: https://deepwiki.com/torvalds/linux/5-hardware-drivers

== Building and Updating ==
: [[../Updating/]]


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      <contributor>
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        <id>3188</id>
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      <comment>LKMPG links: procfs, sysfs, device model</comment>
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      <text bytes="43915" sha1="hhgqvbto5qzj586m6022f4q2ugp8c4a" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:System functionality}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

{| style=&quot;float: right; text-align: center; border-spacing: 0; margin: auto;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5pc&quot;
! bgcolor=&quot;#edf&quot; |system
|- 
| bgcolor=&quot;#cdf&quot; |[[#System interfaces|system interfaces]]
|- 
| bgcolor=#abe   |[[#Virtualization|virtualization]]
|- 
| bgcolor=&quot;#aad&quot; |[[#Driver Model|Driver Model]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#99c&quot; |[[../Modules|modules]]
|- 
| bgcolor=&quot;#88a&quot; |[[#Peripheral buses|buses]], [[The Linux Kernel/PCI|PCI]]
|- 
| bgcolor=&quot;#889&quot; |[[#Hardware interfaces|hardware interfaces]], [[#Booting and halting|[re]booting]]
|}
The System functionality is named after system calls and sysfs.
It differs from other kernel functionalities.
Its subsystems are not tightly coupled across layers but instead provide infrastructure to other parts of the kernel.
For example, the System Calls subsystem offers a common interface layer for all functionalities exposed to user space.

== System interfaces ==

There are several mechanisms available in Linux for user space system interfaces.
One of the most common mechanisms is through {{w|system call}}s, which are functions that allow user space applications to request services from the kernel, such as opening files, creating processes, and accessing system resources.

Another mechanism for user space communication is through {{w|device file}}s, which are special files that represent physical or virtual devices, such as storage devices, network interfaces, and various peripheral devices.
User space applications can communicate with these devices by reading from and writing to their corresponding device files.

In summary, Linux kernel provides several mechanisms for user space communication, including system calls, device files, {{w|procfs}}, {{w|sysfs}}, and devtmpfs.
These mechanisms enable user space applications to communicate with the kernel and access system resources in a safe and controlled manner.

⚲ APIs:
: kernel space API for user space
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/uapi}} &amp;ndash; x86 user-space API headers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ioctl}}
:: [[#System calls|System calls]]
:: [[#Device files|Device files]]
: user space API for kernel space
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/uaccess.h}}:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|copy_to_user}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|copy_from_user}}

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|User-space API guides|userspace-api}}
: {{w|User space}}
: {{w|Linux kernel interfaces}}
: [http://safari.oreilly.com/0596005652/understandlk-CHP-11 ULK3 Chapter 11. Signals]


===System calls===

System calls are the fundamental interface between user space applications and the Linux kernel.
They provide a way for programs to request services from the operating system, such as opening a file, allocating memory, or creating a new process.
In the Linux kernel, system calls are implemented as functions that can be invoked by user space programs using a software interrupt mechanism.

The Linux kernel provides hundreds of system calls, each with its own unique functionality.
These system calls are organized into categories such as process management, file management, network communication, and memory management.
User space applications can use these system calls to interact with the kernel and access the underlying system resources.


⚲ API

: [[../Syscalls|Table of syscalls]]
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syscalls}}


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/syscalls.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/entry}} &amp;ndash; common syscall entry/exit and exception handling
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|syscall_init}} installs {{The Linux Kernel/id|entry_SYSCALL_64}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syscall}} ↪
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|entry_SYSCALL_64}} ↯ call hierarchy: 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_syscall_64}} 
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_call_table}}


📖 References
: {{w|System call}}
: [http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/dir_section_2.html Directory of system calls, man section 2]
: Anatomy of a system call, [https://lwn.net/Articles/604287/ part 1] and [https://lwn.net/Articles/604515/ part 2]
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|syscalls}}


💾 ''Historical''
: [http://safari.oreilly.com/0596005652/understandlk-CHP-10 ULK3 Chapter 10. System Calls]

=== Device files ===

Classic UNIX devices are [[../Human_interfaces#Char_devices|Char devices]] used as byte streams with {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ioctl}}.

⚲ API 

 ls /dev
 cat /proc/devices 
 cat /proc/misc

Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|misc_fops}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|usb_fops}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|memory_fops}}

: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Allocated devices|admin-guide/devices.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/char}} &amp;ndash; miscellaneous byte stream devices
: [https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/understanding-the-linux/0596005652/ch13.html Chapter 13. I/O Architecture and Device Drivers]

==== hiddev ====

⚠️ Warning: confusion. hiddev isn't real [[../Human_interfaces#HID|human interface device]]! It reuses USBHID infrastructure. hiddev is used for example for monitor controls and Uninterruptible Power Supplies.
This module supports these devices separately using a separate event interface on /dev/usb/hiddevX (char 180:96  to 180:111) (⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|HIDDEV_MINOR_BASE}})

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/hiddev.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|HID_CONNECT_HIDDEV}}

⚙️ Internals
: [https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/K/ident/CONFIG_USB_HIDDEV CONFIG_USB_HIDDEV]
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hiddev.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hiddev_event}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hid/usbhid/hiddev.c}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|hiddev_fops}}

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|HIDDEV - Care and feeding of your Human Interface Devices|hid/hiddev.html}}


📖 References
: {{w|Device file}}

===Administration===

🔧 TODO

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|netlink}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The Linux kernel user’s and administrator’s guide|admin-guide}}

==== procfs ====
The ''proc filesystem'' (''procfs'') is a special filesystem that presents information about processes and other system information in a hierarchical file-like structure, providing a more convenient and standardized method for dynamically accessing process data held in the kernel than traditional tracing methods or direct access to kernel memory.
Typically, it is mapped to a mount point named &lt;code&gt;/proc&lt;/code&gt; at boot time.
The proc file system acts as an interface to internal data structures in the kernel.
It can be used to obtain information about the system and to change certain kernel parameters at runtime.

&lt;code&gt;/proc&lt;/code&gt; includes a directory for each running process &amp;mdash;including kernel threads&amp;mdash; in directories named &lt;code&gt;/proc/PID&lt;/code&gt;, where &lt;code&gt;PID&lt;/code&gt; is the process number. Each directory contains information about one process, including the command that originally started the process (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/cmdline&lt;/code&gt;), the names and values of its environment variables (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/environ&lt;/code&gt;), a symlink to its working directory (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/cwd&lt;/code&gt;), another symlink to the original executable file &amp;mdash;if it still exists&amp;mdash; (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/exe&lt;/code&gt;), a couple of directories with symlinks to each open file descriptor (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/fd&lt;/code&gt;) and the status &amp;mdash;position, flags, ...&amp;mdash; of each of them (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/fdinfo&lt;/code&gt;), information about mapped files and blocks like heap and stack (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/maps&lt;/code&gt;), a binary image representing the process's virtual memory (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/mem&lt;/code&gt;), a symlink to the root path as seen by the process (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/root&lt;/code&gt;), a directory containing hard links to any child process or thread (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/task&lt;/code&gt;), basic information about a process including its run state and memory usage (&lt;code&gt;/proc/PID/status&lt;/code&gt;) and much more.


📖 References
: {{w|procfs}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|procfs}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|capabilities}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/proc_fs.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/seq_file.h}} &amp;ndash; sequential file interface for /proc entries
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/proc}} &amp;ndash; procfs implementation
:: [https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/#the-proc-filesystem LKMPG: The /proc Filesystem]
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sysctl.h}} &amp;ndash; /proc/sys runtime kernel tuning:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/proc/proc_sysctl.c}} &amp;ndash; filesystem interface
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sysctl.c}} &amp;ndash; read/write handlers (proc_dointvec, proc_dostring, ...)

==== sysfs ====
sysfs is a pseudo-file system that exports information about various kernel subsystems, hardware devices, and associated device drivers from the kernel's device model to user space through virtual files.
In addition to providing information about various devices and kernel subsystems, exported virtual files are also used for their configuring.
Sysfs is designed to export the information present in the device tree, which would then no longer clutter up procfs.

Sysfs is mounted under the &lt;code&gt;/sys&lt;/code&gt; mount point.

⚲ API

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sysfs.h}}

📖 References
: {{w|sysfs}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|sysfs}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|sysfs - filesystem for exporting kernel objects|filesystems/sysfs.html}}
:: [https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/#sysfs-interacting-with-your-module LKMPG: sysfs]
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/sysfs}} &amp;ndash; sysfs implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/kernfs}} &amp;ndash; kernfs, the backing filesystem for sysfs and cgroups

==== devtmpfs ====

devtmpfs is a hybrid {{w|User space and kernel space|kernel/user space}} approach of a device filesystem to provide nodes before udev runs for the first time.


📖 References
: {{w|Device file}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/devtmpfs.c}} &amp;ndash; kernel-maintained tmpfs /dev

==== configfs ====

{{The Linux Kernel/doc|configfs|filesystems/configfs.html}} is a userspace-driven kernel object configuration filesystem mounted at /sys/kernel/config/.
Unlike sysfs (which exposes kernel-created objects), configfs lets userspace create and configure kernel objects via mkdir/rmdir.
Used by USB gadget, NVMe target, ACPI, null_blk, GPIO simulator and other subsystems.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/configfs.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|config_item}} &amp;ndash; base object, created by userspace mkdir
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|config_group}} &amp;ndash; container for config_items
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|configfs_attribute}} &amp;ndash; per-item readable/writable attribute
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|configfs_subsystem}} &amp;ndash; top-level subsystem registration
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|configfs_register_subsystem}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/configfs}}

== Virtualization ==

🔧 TODO

See {{w|Kernel-based Virtual Machine}}

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Virtualization Support|virt/}}

📚 Further reading
: https://deepwiki.com/torvalds/linux/3-virtualization


=== Containerization ===

{{w|OS-level virtualization|Containerization}} is a powerful technology that has revolutionized the way software applications are developed, deployed, and run.
At its core, containerization provides an isolated environment for running applications, where the application has all the necessary dependencies and can be easily moved from one environment to another without worrying about any compatibility issues.

Containerization technology has its roots in the {{w|chroot}} command, which was introduced in the Unix operating system in the 1979.
Chroot provided a way to change the root directory of a process, effectively creating a new isolated environment with its own file system hierarchy.
However, this early implementation of containerization had limited functionality, and it was difficult to manage and control the various processes running within the container.

In the early 2000s, the Linux kernel introduced {{w|Linux namespaces|namespaces}} and {{w|cgroups|control groups}} to provide a more robust and scalable containerization solution.
'''Namespaces''' allow processes to have their own isolated view of the system, including the file system, network, and process ID space, while '''control groups''' provide fine-grained control over the resources allocated to each container, such as CPU, memory, and I/O.

Using these kernel features, containerization platforms such as {{w|Docker (software)|Docker}} and {{w|Kubernetes}} have emerged as popular solutions for building and deploying containerized applications at scale.
Containerization has become an essential tool for modern software development, allowing developers to easily package applications and deploy them in a consistent and predictable manner across different environments.

==== Resources usage and limits ====

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|chroot}} &amp;ndash; change root directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sysinfo}} &amp;ndash; return system information
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getrusage}} &amp;ndash; get resource usage
: get/set resource limits:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getrlimit}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setrlimit}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|prlimit64}}

📖 References
: {{w|chroot}}

==== Namespaces ====
{{w|Linux namespaces}} provide the way to isolate and virtualize different aspects of the operating system.
Namespaces allow multiple instances of an application to run in isolation from each other, without interfering with the host system or other instances.

🔧 TODO


⚲ API
: /proc/self/ns
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|lsns}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ioctl_ns}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ns_ioctl}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|unshare}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|unshare}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|nsenter}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setns}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|clone3}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|clone_args}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/ns_common.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/proc_ns.h}}
: namespaces definition
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|uts_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ipc_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mnt_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pid_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|net/net_namespace.h}} - struct net
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|user_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|time_namespace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup_namespace}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|init_nsproxy}} - struct of namespaces
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/nsproxy.c}} &amp;ndash; namespace proxy management
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; mount namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/proc/namespaces.c}} &amp;ndash; /proc namespace entries
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/core/net_namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; network namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; time namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/user_namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; user namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/pid_namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; PID namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/utsname.c}} &amp;ndash; UTS namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cgroup/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; cgroup namespace
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|ipc/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; IPC namespace


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|uts_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|ipc_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|mount_namespace}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|pid_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|network_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|user_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|time_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|cgroup_namespaces}}

=== Control groups ===


{{w|cgroups}} are used to limit and control the resource usage of groups of processes. They allow administrators to set limits on CPU usage, memory usage, disk I/O, network bandwidth, and other resources, which can be useful for managing system performance and preventing resource contention.

There are two versions of cgroups.
Unlike v1, cgroup v2 has only a single process hierarchy and discriminates between processes, not threads.


Here are some of the key differences between cgroups v1 and v2:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!
!cgroups v1
!cgroups v2
|-
|Hierarchy
|each subsystem had its own hierarchy, which could lead to complexity and confusion
|unified hierarchy, which simplifies management and enables better resource allocation
|-
|Controllers
|has several subsystems that are controlled by separate controllers, each with its own set of configuration files and parameters
|controllers are consolidated into a single &quot;cgroup2&quot; controller, which provides a unified interface for managing resources
|-
|Resource distribution
|distributes resources among groups of processes based on proportional sharing, which can lead to unpredictable results
|resources are distributed based on a &quot;weighted fair queuing&quot; algorithm, which provides better predictability and fairness
|}

Cgroups v2 is not backward compatible with cgroups v1, which means that migrating from v1 to v2 can be challenging and requires careful planning.


🔧 TODO


⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cgroup.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cgroup-defs.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|css_set}} &amp;ndash; holds set of reference-counted pointers to {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup_subsys_state}} objects
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup_subsys}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cgroup_subsys.h}} &amp;ndash; list of cgroup subsystems


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cg_list}} &amp;ndash; list of {{The Linux Kernel/id|css_set}} in task_struct
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cgroup}} &amp;ndash; cgroup core
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cgroup2_fs_type}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/testing/selftests/cgroup}} &amp;ndash; cgroup self-tests


📖 References
: [[The_Linux_Kernel/System/CGroup_v2|Control Groups v2]]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Control Groups v1|admin-guide/cgroup-v1/}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|systemd-cgtop}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|systemd.slice}} &amp;ndash; slice unit configuration
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|cgroups}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|cgroup_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CFS Bandwidth Control for cgroups|scheduler/sched-bwc.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Real-Time group scheduling|scheduler/sched-rt-group.html}}
: [https://docs.redhat.com/en/documentation/red_hat_enterprise_linux/latest/html/managing_monitoring_and_updating_the_kernel/setting-limits-for-applications_managing-monitoring-and-updating-the-kernel Understanding control groups, RHEL]


📚 Further reading
: https://github.com/containers
: [https://github.com/mk-fg/fgtk#cgrc cgrc tool]

💾 Historical
: https://github.com/mk-fg/cgroup-tools for cgroup v1

== Driver Model ==

The Linux driver model (or Device Model, or just DM) is a framework that provides a consistent and standardized way for device drivers to interface with the kernel.
It defines a set of rules, interfaces, and data structures that enable device drivers to communicate with the kernel and perform various operations, such as managing resources, lifecycle and more.

DM core structure consists of DM classes, DM buses, DM drivers and DM devices.


=== kobject ===

In the Linux kernel, a {{The Linux Kernel/id|kobject}} is a fundamental data structure used to represent kernel objects and provide a standardized interface for interacting with them.
A kobject is a generic object that can represent any type of kernel object, including devices, files, modules, and more.

The kobject data structure contains several fields that describe the object, such as its name, type, parent, and operations.
Each kobject has a unique name within its parent object, and the parent-child relationships form a hierarchy of kobjects.

Kobjects are managed by the kernel's sysfs file system, which provides a virtual file system that exposes kernel objects as files and directories in the user space.
Each kobject is associated with a sysfs directory, which contains files and attributes that can be read or written to interact with the kernel object.


⚲ Infrastructure API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kobject.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kobject}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel objects manipulation|driver-api/basics.html#kernel-objects-manipulation}}
: 🔧 TODO

=== Classes ===

A class is a higher-level view of a device that abstracts out low-level implementation details.
Drivers may see a NVME storage or a SATA storage, but, at the class level, they are all simply {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_class}} devices.
Classes allow user space to work with devices based on what they do, rather than how they are connected or how they work.
General DM classes structure match {{w|composite pattern}}.

⚲ API
: ls /sys/class/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|class_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|class}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device/class.h}}

👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_class}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_class}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|net_class}}


=== Buses ===

A {{w|peripheral bus}} is a channel between the processor and one or more peripheral devices.
A DM bus is {{w|Proxy pattern|proxy}} for a peripheral bus.  
General DM buses structure match {{w|composite pattern}}.
For the purposes of the device model, all devices are connected via a bus, even if it is an internal, virtual, {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_bus_type}}.
Buses can plug into each other.
A USB controller is usually a PCI device, for example.
The device model represents the actual connections between buses and the devices they control.
A bus is represented by the {{The Linux Kernel/id|bus_type}} structure.
It contains the name, the default attributes, the bus' methods, PM operations, and the driver core's private data.


⚲ API
: ls /sys/bus/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|bus_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|bus_type}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device/bus.h}}


👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|usb_bus_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_bus_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_bus_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|scsi_bus_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_bus_type}}

: [[#Peripheral_buses|Peripheral buses]]


=== Drivers ===

⚲ API
: ls /sys/bus/:/drivers/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|module_driver}} - simple common driver initializer, 👁 for example used in {{The Linux Kernel/id|module_pci_driver}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|driver_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_driver}} - basic device driver structure, one per all device instances.
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device/driver.h}}

👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_generic}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|usb_register_device_driver}}


'''Platform drivers'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|module_platform_driver}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_driver}} (platform wrapper of {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_driver}}) with {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_bus_type}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/platform_device.h}}

👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|gpio_mouse_device_driver}}


=== Devices ===

⚲ API
: ls /sys/devices/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|device}} - the basic device structure, per each device instance
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device.h}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device drivers infrastructure|driver-api/infrastructure.html}}

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dev_printk.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device Resource Management|driver-api/basics.html#device-resource-management}}, devres, devm ...

👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_bus}} mousedev_create


'''Platform devices'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device}} - platform wrapper of {{The Linux Kernel/doc|struct &lt;big&gt;device&lt;/big&gt; - the basic device structure|driver-api/infrastructure.html#c.device}}, contains resources associated with the device
: it can be created dynamically by {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device_register_simple}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device_alloc}}. Or registered with {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device_register}}.
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|platform_device_unregister}} - releases device and associated resources 
👁 Examples: {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_pcspkr}}


⚲ API 🔧 TODO
: platform_device_info  platform_device_id platform_device_register_full platform_device_add
: platform_device_add_data platform_device_register_data platform_device_add_resources 
: attribute_group dev_pm_ops 


&lt;hr&gt;

⚙️ Internals 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dev_printk.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/kobject.c}} &amp;ndash; kobject library
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/platform.c}} &amp;ndash; platform bus for legacy devices
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/core.c}} &amp;ndash; driver model core
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/notifier.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/notifier.c}} &amp;ndash; notifier chains for event broadcasting

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device drivers infrastructure|driver-api/infrastructure.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Everything you never wanted to know about kobjects, ksets, and ktypes|core-api/kobject.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Driver Model|driver-api/driver-model}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The Linux Kernel Device Model|driver-api/driver-model/overview.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Platform Devices and Drivers|driver-api/driver-model/platform.html}}
: [https://linux-kernel-labs.github.io/refs/heads/master/labs/device_model.html Linux Device Model, by linux-kernel-labs]
: [https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/#standardizing-the-interfaces-the-device-model LKMPG: The Device Model]

{{:The Linux Kernel/Modules}}

== {{w|Peripheral bus}}es ==

Peripheral buses are the communication channels used to connect various peripheral devices to a computer system.
These buses are used to transfer data between the peripheral devices and the system's processor or memory.
In the Linux kernel, peripheral buses are implemented as drivers that enable communication between the operating system and the hardware.

Peripheral buses in the Linux kernel include USB, PCI, SPI, I2C, and more.
Each of these buses has its own unique characteristics, and the Linux kernel provides support for a wide range of peripheral devices.

The PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus is used to connect internal hardware devices in a computer system.
It is commonly used to connect graphics cards, network cards, and other expansion cards.
The Linux kernel provides a PCI bus driver that enables communication between the operating system and the devices connected to the bus.

The USB (Universal Serial Bus) is one of the most commonly used peripheral buses in modern computer systems.
It allows devices to be hot-swapped and supports high-speed data transfer rates.


🔧 TODO: device enumeration


⚲ API
: Shell interface: ls /proc/bus/ /sys/bus/

See also [[#Buses|Buses of Driver Model]]

See [[../Human_interfaces#Input_devices|'''Input: keyboard, mouse etc''']]

'''PCI'''

⚲ Shell API 
: lspci -vv
: column -t /proc/bus/pci/devices

Main article: [[The_Linux_Kernel/PCI|PCI]]


'''USB'''

⚲ Shell API 
: lsusb -v
: ls /sys/bus/usb/
: cat /proc/bus/usb/devices


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/usb}} &amp;ndash; USB subsystem


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|USB|usb}} 
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch13.pdf LDD3:USB Drivers]


'''Other buses'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/bus}} &amp;ndash; bus driver implementations


'''Buses for 🤖 embedded devices:'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/gpio/driver.h}} {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/gpio.h}} {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/gpio}} {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/gpio}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/i2c}} &amp;ndash; I2C bus framework, {{The Linux Kernel/doc|I2C|i2c}}


'''SPI'''

⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/spi/spi.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/spi}} &amp;ndash; SPI user-space tools

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/spi}} &amp;ndash; SPI bus framework
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|spi_register_controller}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|spi_controller_list}}🚧

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|SPI|spi}}

==Hardware interfaces==

Hardware interfaces are basic part of any operating, enabling communication between the processor and other HW components of a computer system: memory, peripheral devices and buses, various controllers.  

[[../Multitasking/CPU#Interrupts|Interrupts]]

===I/O ports and registers===

I/O ports and registers are electronic components in computer systems that enable communication between CPU and other electronic controllers and devices.


⚲ API 

{{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/io.h}} &amp;mdash; generic I/O port emulation.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ioport_map}}

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ioread32}} / {{The Linux Kernel/id|iowrite32}} ...

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|readl}}/ {{The Linux Kernel/id|writel}} ...

: The {in,out}[bwl] macros are for emulating x86-style PCI/ISA IO space:

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|inl}}/ {{The Linux Kernel/id|outl}} ...

{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/ioport.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/resource.c}} &amp;mdash; I/O and memory resource management.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_mem_region}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_mem_region}}


{{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/io.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 I/O port and MMIO access

Functions for memory mapped registers:

{{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_ioremap}} ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ioremap}}

==== regmap ====

The regmap subsystem provides a standardized abstraction layer for register access in device drivers.
It simplifies interactions with hardware registers across various bus types,
such as I2C, SPI, and MMIO, by offering a consistent API.

⚲ API 

{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/regmap.h}} &amp;mdash; register map access API
: the most frequently used functions:
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_update_bits}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_write}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_read}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_reg_range}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_bulk_read}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_regmap_init_i2c}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_set_bits}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_field_write}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_bulk_write}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_clear_bits}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_write_bits}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_config}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|regmap_read_poll_timeout}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_regmap_init_mmio}}


⚙️ Internals

{{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/regmap}} &amp;ndash; register map abstraction layer

===Hardware Device Drivers===

Keywords: firmware, hotplug, clock, mux, pin

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/acpi}} &amp;ndash; ACPI drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base}} &amp;ndash; driver model core
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/sdio}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Secure Digital#SDIO cards|Secure Digital Input Output}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/virtio}} &amp;ndash; virtio guest drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hwmon}} &amp;ndash; hardware monitoring
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/thermal}} &amp;ndash; thermal management
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/pinctrl}} &amp;ndash; pin control and multiplexing
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/clk}} &amp;ndash; clock framework


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Pin control subsystem|driver-api/pin-control.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux Hardware Monitoring|hwmon}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Firmware guide|firmware-guide}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Devicetree|devicetree}}
: https://hwmon.wiki.kernel.org/
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch14.pdf LDD3:The Linux Device Model] 
: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/tlk/dd/drivers.html
: http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/
: http://examples.oreilly.com/linuxdrive2/

=== Live patching ===

{{w|Kpatch|Live patching}} (since 4.0) allows applying critical fixes to a running kernel without rebooting.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/livepatch.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|klp_patch}} &amp;ndash; patch structure
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|klp_enable_patch}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/livepatch}} &amp;ndash; live patching core

📖 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Livepatch|livepatch}}

=== Booting and halting ===

==== Kernel booting ====

This is loaded in two stages - in the first stage the kernel (as a compressed image file) is loaded into memory and decompressed, and a few fundamental functions such as essential hardware and basic memory management (memory paging) are set up.
Control is then switched one final time to the main kernel start process calling {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}}, which then performs the majority of system setup (interrupts, the rest of memory management, device and driver initialization, etc.) before spawning separately, the idle process and scheduler, and the init process (which is executed in user space).

'''Kernel loading stage'''

The kernel as loaded is typically an image file, compressed into either zImage or bzImage formats with zlib.
A routine at the head of it does a minimal amount of hardware setup, decompresses the image fully into high memory, and takes note of any RAM disk if configured.
It then executes kernel startup via startup_64 (for x86_64 architecture).

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.lds.S}} - linker script defines entry {{The Linux Kernel/id|startup_64}} in
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/boot/compressed/head_64.S}} - assembly of extractor
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|extract_kernel}} - extractor in language C
:: prints
 Decompressing Linux... done.
 Booting the kernel.

'''Kernel startup stage'''

The startup function for the kernel (also called the swapper or process 0) establishes memory management (paging tables and memory paging), detects the type of CPU and any additional functionality such as floating point capabilities, and then switches to non-architecture specific Linux kernel functionality via a call to {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}}.


↯ Startup call hierarchy:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S}} &amp;ndash; linker script
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/head_64.S}} &amp;ndash; assembly of uncompressed startup code
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/head64.c}} &amp;ndash; platform dependent startup:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_64_start_kernel}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_64_start_reservations}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|init/main.c}} &amp;ndash; main initialization code
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}} 200 SLOC
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mm_init}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mem_init}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmalloc_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rcu_init}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Read-copy-update}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rest_init}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_init}} - deferred kernel thread #1
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_init_freeable}} This and following functions are defined with attribute {{The Linux Kernel/id|__init}}
:::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|prepare_namespace}}
::::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|initrd_load}}
::::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mount_root}}
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|run_init_process}} obviously runs the first process {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|init}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthreadd}} &amp;ndash; deferred kernel thread #2
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_startup_entry}}
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_idle}}

{{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}} executes a wide range of initialization functions. It sets up interrupt handling (IRQs), further configures memory, starts the {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|init}} process (the first user-space process), and then starts the idle task via {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_startup_entry}}. Notably, the kernel startup process also mounts the {{w|initial ramdisk}} (initrd) that was loaded previously as the temporary root file system during the boot phase. The initrd allows driver modules to be loaded directly from memory, without reliance upon other devices (e.g. a hard disk) and the drivers that are needed to access them (e.g. a SATA driver). This split of some drivers statically compiled into the kernel and other drivers loaded from initrd allows for a smaller kernel. The root file system is later switched via a call to {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|pivot_root}} / {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pivot_root}} which unmounts the temporary root file system and replaces it with the use of the real one, once the latter is accessible. The memory used by the temporary root file system is then reclaimed.


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/Kconfig.debug}} &amp;ndash; x86 debugging Kconfig options
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/smpboot.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/smpboot.c}} &amp;ndash; common SMP CPU bringup/teardown
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 SMP booting
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kallsyms.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/kallsyms.c}} &amp;ndash; the /proc/kallsyms kernel symbol table

===== ... =====

📖 References
: Article about [[../Booting|booting of the kernel]]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Initial RAM disk|admin-guide/initrd.html}}
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=initcall_debug initcall_debug, boot argument]
: {{w|Linux startup process}}
: {{w|init}}
: [http://lwn.net/Articles/632528/ Linux (U)EFI boot process]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The kernel’s command-line parameters|admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The EFI Boot Stub|admin-guide/efi-stub.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Boot Configuration|admin-guide/bootconfig.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Boot time memory management|core-api/boot-time-mm.html}}
: [https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Booting/README.md Kernel booting process]
: [https://github.com/0xAX/linux-insides/blob/master/Initialization/README.md Kernel initialization process]


📚 Further reading

: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Boot-time tracing|trace/boottime-trace.html}}
: {{w|E820}}

💾 ''Historical''
: http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux-i386-Boot-Code-HOWTO/
: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-1.html
: http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/KernelAnalysis-HOWTO-4.html

==== Halting or rebooting ====

🔧 TODO


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/reboot.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/stop_machine.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|print_stop_info}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|stop_machine}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|stop_core_cpuslocked}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|reboot}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_reboot}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|machine_restart}} or
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|machine_halt}} or
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|machine_power_off}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|kexec_load}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/kexec.c}} &amp;ndash; load a new kernel for later execution ({{w|kdump (Linux)|kdump}})
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|reboot_mode}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/reboot-mode.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|reboot_mode_driver}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_reboot_mode_register}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/reboot.c}} &amp;ndash; reboot, halt and power-off
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/stop_machine.c}} &amp;ndash; stop all CPUs for safe code patching
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_stopper}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_stop_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_stopper_thread}} &amp;ndash; &quot;migration&quot; tasks
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/reboot.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 reboot methods

: [[../Softdog Driver/]]

==== Power management ====

Keyword: suspend, alarm, hibernation.


⚲ API 
: /sys/power/
: /sys/kernel/debug/wakeup_sources
:: &lt;big&gt;⌨️&lt;/big&gt; hands-on:
:: sudo awk '{gsub(&quot;^ &quot;,&quot;?&quot;)} NR&gt;1 {if ($6) {print $1}}' /sys/kernel/debug/wakeup_sources
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux|dev_pm_ops}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_qos.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_clock.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_domain.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_wakeirq.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_wakeup.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wakeup_source}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wakeup_source_register}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/suspend.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_suspend}} suspends the system
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/freezer.h}} &amp;ndash; process freezer for suspend/hibernate
: Suspend and wakeup depend on
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timer_create}} and {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timerfd_create}} with clock ids {{The Linux Kernel/id|CLOCK_REALTIME_ALARM}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|CLOCK_BOOTTIME_ALARM}} will wake the system if it is suspended.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_ctl}} with flag {{The Linux Kernel/id|EPOLLWAKEUP}} blocks suspend 
:: See also {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|capabilities}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|CAP_WAKE_ALARM}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|CAP_BLOCK_SUSPEND}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PM}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_SUSPEND}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/power}} &amp;ndash; suspend, hibernate and PM core
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alarm_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/alarmtimer.c}} &amp;ndash; alarm timer for wakeup events
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/power}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wakeup_sources}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|PM administration|admin-guide/pm}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU and Device PM|driver-api/pm}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Power Management|power}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|sysfs power testing ABI|admin-guide/abi-testing.html#file-testing-sysfs-power}}
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management
: {{w|PowerTOP}}
: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpupower cpupower]
: [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man8/tlp.8.html tlp] &amp;ndash; apply laptop power management settings
: {{w|ACPI}} &amp;ndash; Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

===== Runtime PM =====

Keywords: runtime power management, devices power management opportunistic suspend, autosuspend, autosleep.


⚲ API
: /sys/devices/.../power/:
:: async  autosuspend_delay_ms  control  runtime_active_kids  runtime_active_time  runtime_enabled  runtime_status runtime_suspended_time  runtime_usage
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_runtime.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_mark_last_busy}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_pm_runtime_enable}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_enable}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_disable}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_get}} &amp;ndash; asynchronous get
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_get_sync}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_resume_and_get}} &amp;ndash; preferable synchronous get
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_put}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_put_noidle}} &amp;ndash; just decrement usage counter
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_put_sync}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pm_runtime_put_autosuspend}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|SET_RUNTIME_PM_OPS}}


👁 Example: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ac97_pm}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PM_AUTOSLEEP}}

=== ... ===
📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Runtime Power Management Framework for I/O Devices|power/runtime_pm.html}}
: [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/applications/cpuidle CPU idle power saving methods for real-time workloads]
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-devices-power Sysfs devices PM API]
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/driver-api/usb/power-management.rst Power Management for USB]
: [https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management-Opportunistic_suspend Opportunistic suspend]

📚 Further reading
: https://deepwiki.com/torvalds/linux/5-hardware-drivers

== Building and Updating ==
: [[../Updating/]]


{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>hhgqvbto5qzj586m6022f4q2ugp8c4a</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Linux Kernel/Multitasking</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>226982</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641712</id>
      <parentid>4641642</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T14:12:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>LKMPG synchronization link</comment>
      <origin>4641712</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="43339" sha1="a5c5w082oxsis63ho86tg72eftvyove" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:Multitasking functionality}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

{| style=&quot;width: 25%; float: right; text-align:center;border-spacing: 0; margin:auto;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5pc&quot;
! bgcolor=&quot;#ffc&quot; |multitasking
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#eeb&quot; |[[#Execution|execution]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#dda&quot; |[[#Threads_or_tasks|threads or tasks]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#cc9&quot; |[[#Synchronization|synchronization]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#bb8&quot; |[[#Scheduler|Scheduler]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#aa8&quot; |[[#Interrupts|interrupts core]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#997&quot; |[[#CPU_specific|CPU specific]]
|}

Linux kernel is a preemptive {{w|Computer multitasking|multitasking}} operating system.
As a multitasking OS, it allows multiple processes to share processors (CPUs) and other system resources.
Each CPU executes a single task at a time.
However, multitasking allows each processor to switch between tasks that are being executed without having to wait for each task to finish.
For that, the kernel can, at any time, temporarily interrupt a task being carried out by the processor, and replace it by another task that can be new or a previously suspended one.
The operation involving the swapping of the running task is called ''{{w|context switch}}''.

== Execution ==

⚲ API ↪ ⚙️ implementations

{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|execve}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_execveat_common}} runs an executable file in the context of current process, replacing the previous executable.
This system call is used by family of functions of libc {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|exec}}.
The {{w|Executable and Linkable Format|ELF}} binary format is loaded by {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/binfmt_elf.c}}.

{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|clone}}.
Clone creates a child process that may share parts of its execution context with the parent.
It is often used to implement threads (though programmers will typically use a higher-level interface such as {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|pthreads}}, implemented on top of clone).

{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|wait}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_waitid}} suspends the execution of the calling process until one of its child processes terminates.

Syscall {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getpid}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_tgid_vnr}} returns PID of the current process which internally is called TGID - thread group id.
A process can contain many threads.
{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|gettid}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_pid_vnr}} returns thread id.
Which internally is historically called PID.
⚠️ Warning: confusion.
User space PID ≠ kernel space PID.
{{The Linux Kernel/man|1|ps}} -AF lists current processes and thread as {{w|Light-weight process|LWP}}.
For a single thread process all these IDs are equal.

High-resolution delays:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|nanosleep}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_nanosleep}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_nanosleep}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|clock_nanosleep}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_clock_nanosleep}}

Wait for a signal:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pause}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_pause}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigsuspend}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_sigsuspend}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Swapcontext stress-ng --context],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Context --switch]

See [[The Linux Kernel/Processes|Processes]] for process creation and termination.

=== Inter-process communication ===
Inter-process communication (IPC) refers specifically to the mechanisms an operating system provides to allow processes it manages to share data.
Methods for achieving IPC are divided into categories which vary based on software requirements, such as performance and modularity requirements, and system circumstances.
Linux inherited from Unix the following IPC mechanisms:

Signals (⚲ API ↪ ⚙️ implementations):

: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|kill}} sends signal to a process
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|tgkill}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_tkill}} sends a signal to a thread
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|process_vm_readv}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|process_vm_rw}} - zero-copy data transfer between process address spaces

: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigaction}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sigaction}} &amp;ndash; examine and change a signal action
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigprocmask}} &amp;ndash; examine and change blocked signals
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigpending}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sigpending}} &amp;ndash; examine pending signals
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigsuspend}} &amp;ndash; wait for a signal
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigaltstack}} &amp;ndash; set or get signal stack context
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigtimedwait}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sigtimedwait}} &amp;ndash; synchronously wait for queued signals
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|signal}} &amp;ndash; overview of signals
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/signal.h}} &amp;ndash; signal-related task accessors
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/signal.c}} &amp;ndash; signal delivery and handling
: 🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Signal~2 stress-ng --sigq]


: [[../Storage#Zero-copy|Anonymous pipes]] and named pipes (FIFOs) {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mknod}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_mknodat}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|S_IFIFO}}
: {{w|Express Data Path}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|PF_XDP}}
: {{w|Unix domain socket}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|PF_UNIX}}
: Memory-mapped files {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mmap}} ⤑ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_mmap_pgoff}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|eventfd}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_eventfd}} &amp;ndash; event notification via file descriptor
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|signalfd}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_signalfd4}} &amp;ndash; receive signals via file descriptor
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timerfd_create}} &amp;ndash; timer notification via file descriptor
: Sys V IPC:
:: Message queues: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|msgget}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|msgsnd}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|msgrcv}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|ipc/msg.c}}
:: Semaphores
:: Shared memory: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|shmget}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|shmctl}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|shmat}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|shmdt}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|ipc/shm.c}}
: POSIX message queues:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|mq_overview}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|mq_open}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|mq_send}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|mq_receive}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|ipc/mqueue.c}} 🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#mq --mq]


📖 References
: {{w|Inter-process communication}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|sysvipc}}

== Threads or tasks ==

In Linux kernel &quot;thread&quot; and &quot;task&quot; are almost synonyms.

⚲ API

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched.h}} - the main scheduler API
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/current.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 current task pointer
::{{Linux ident|current}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_current}} () return current {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/taskstats.h}} per-task statistics
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/thread_info.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|current_thread_info}}() returns {{The Linux Kernel/id|thread_info}}
:{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/task.h}} - interface between the scheduler and various task lifetime (fork()/exit()) functionality
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kthread.h}} - simple interface for creating and stopping kernel threads without mess.
::{{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_run}} creates and wakes a thread
::{{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create}}


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_run}} ↯ hierarchy: 
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/kthread.c}} &amp;ndash; kernel thread creation and management
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthreadd}} &amp;ndash; parent kernel thread and the creator of all other kernel threads.
Dequeues {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create_info}} from {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create_list}}.
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|create_kthread}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_thread}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread}} &amp;ndash; invokes {{The Linux Kernel/id|threadfn}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__kthread_create_on_node}} &amp;ndash; enqueues {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create_info}} into {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create_list}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/fork.c}} &amp;ndash; process creation and cloning
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_thread}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_clone}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Clone stress-ng --clone],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#f --fork],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#pthread --pthread]

==Scheduler==

The ''{{w|Scheduling_(computing)#Linux|scheduler}}'' is the part of the operating system that decides which process runs at a certain point in time.
It usually has the ability to pause a running process, move it to the back of the running queue and start a new process.

Active processes are placed in an array called a ''{{w|run queue}}'', or ''runqueue'' - {{The Linux Kernel/id|rq}}.
The run queue may contain priority values for each process, which will be used by the scheduler to determine which process to run next.
To ensure each program has a fair share of resources, each one is run for some time period (quantum) before it is paused and placed back into the run queue.
When a program is stopped to let another run, the program with the highest priority in the run queue is then allowed to execute.
Processes are also removed from the run queue when they ask to ''sleep'', are waiting on a resource to become available, or have been terminated.

Since version 6.6 the Linux kernel uses the {{w|Earliest eligible virtual deadline first scheduling}} (EEVDF) algorithm, which replaced the {{w|Completely Fair Scheduler}} (CFS).
While much of the CFS infrastructure remains: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_entity}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|cfs_rq}}, the red-black tree, load balancing, and {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/fair.c}} &amp;mdash; the task selection logic is fundamentally different.
EEVDF is based on a classic scheduling algorithm originally designed for packet networks.
The scheduler has a scheduling complexity of O(log N), where N is the number of tasks in the runqueue.
Both picking and reinserting a task require O(log N) operations, because the run queue is implemented as a {{w|red–black tree}}.

The runqueue ({{The Linux Kernel/id|cfs_rq}}) is implemented as a red-black tree representing a &quot;timeline&quot; of future task execution.
The scheduler uses nanosecond granularity accounting and requires no heuristics or interactivity estimators.

EEVDF improves sleeper fairness over CFS by tracking ''lag'' ({{The Linux Kernel/id|vlag}}) &amp;mdash; the difference between the service a task was entitled to and the service it actually received.
When a sleeping task wakes up, its lag determines eligibility, ensuring interactive tasks get prompt service without starving long-running tasks.

The data structure used for the scheduling algorithm is a red-black tree in which the nodes are {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_entity}} structures, embedded in {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}.

With EEVDF, each task has a time slice ({{The Linux Kernel/id|sysctl_sched_base_slice}}, default 0.7ms) that determines its request length.
EEVDF computes a virtual deadline for each task: vd_i = ve_i + r_i/w_i, where ve_i is the eligible time, r_i is the request size, and w_i is the weight (determined by nice value).
The scheduler picks the eligible task with the earliest virtual deadline via {{The Linux Kernel/id|__pick_eevdf}}.

The Linux kernel contains different scheduler classes (or policies).
The EEVDF scheduler handles {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_NORMAL}} (aka SCHED_OTHER).
The kernel also contains two additional classes {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_BATCH}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_IDLE}}, and another two real-time scheduling classes named {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_FIFO}} (realtime first-in-first-out) and {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_RR}} (realtime round-robin), with a third realtime scheduling policy known as {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_DEADLINE}} that implements the {{w|Earliest deadline first scheduling|earliest deadline first algorithm (EDF)}} added later.
Any realtime scheduler class takes precedence over any of the &quot;normal&quot; &amp;mdash;i.e.
non realtime&amp;mdash; classes.
The scheduler class is selected and configured through the {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_setscheduler}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sched_setscheduler}} system call.

Properly balancing latency, throughput, and fairness in schedulers is an open problem.&lt;ref name=&quot;malte&quot; &gt;
Malte Skarupke.
[https://probablydance.com/2019/12/30/measuring-mutexes-spinlocks-and-how-bad-the-linux-scheduler-really-is/ &quot;Measuring Mutexes, Spinlocks and how Bad the Linux Scheduler Really is&quot;].
&lt;/ref&gt;


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|renice}} &amp;ndash; priority of running processes
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|nice}} &amp;ndash; run a program with modified scheduling priority
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|chrt}} &amp;ndash; manipulate the real-time attributes of a process
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_getattr}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_sched_getattr}} &amp;ndash; get scheduling policy and attributes
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched.h}} &amp;ndash; the main scheduler API
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|schedule}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getpriority}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setpriority}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_setscheduler}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_getscheduler}}
: /sys/kernel/debug/sched/ &amp;ndash; scheduler debugfs tuning directory
:: features &amp;ndash; toggle scheduler feature flags
:: base_slice_ns &amp;ndash; EEVDF base time slice (default 700000)
:: migration_cost_ns &amp;ndash; cost threshold for task migration between CPUs
:: nr_migrate &amp;ndash; max tasks to migrate per balancing pass
:: debug &amp;ndash; dump detailed scheduler state
:: numa_balancing/ &amp;ndash; NUMA balancing scan parameters


⚙️ Internals

:{{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_init}} is called from {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__schedule}} is the main scheduler function.
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|runqueues}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|this_rq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched}} &amp;ndash; scheduler subsystem
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/core.c}} &amp;ndash; core scheduling logic
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/fair.c}} implements {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_NORMAL}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_BATCH}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_IDLE}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__pick_eevdf}} &amp;ndash; core of EEVDF
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_setscheduler}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_getscheduler}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}::{{The Linux Kernel/id|rt_priority}} and other members with less unique identifiers

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#schedpolicy stress-ng --schedpolicy]


🛠️ Utilities

: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|pidstat}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|pcp-pidstat}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-sched}}
: [https://opensource.googleblog.com/2019/10/understanding-scheduling-behavior-with.html Understanding Scheduling Behavior with SchedViz]


📖 References

: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|sched}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Scheduling|scheduler}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|EEVDF Scheduler|scheduler/sched-eevdf.html}}
::: [https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Scheduler-EEVDF An EEVDF CPU scheduler for Linux LWN]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Delaying and scheduling routines|driver-api/basics.html#delaying-and-scheduling-routines}}
: CFS
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Completely Fair Scheduler|scheduler/sched-design-CFS.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CFS Bandwidth Control|scheduler/sched-bwc.html}}
:: [[The Linux Kernel/System/CGroup v2#CPU|CPU cgroup controller]]
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU cgroup interface files|admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#cpu-interface-files}}
:: [https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Scheduler-Completely_fair_scheduler Completely fair scheduler LWN]
:: [https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP1/html/SLES-all/cha-tuning-taskscheduler.html Tuning the task scheduler]
:: [https://home.robusta.dev/blog/stop-using-cpu-limits stop using CPU limits on Kubernetes]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Deadline Task Scheduler|scheduler/sched-deadline.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|sched}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|sched_setparam}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|sched_getscheduler}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|sched_setscheduler}}


📚 Further reading about the scheduler
: [https://github.com/iovisor/bpftrace/blob/master/docs/tutorial_one_liners.md#lesson-10-scheduler-tracing Scheduler tracing]
: [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/README.md#cpu-and-scheduler-tools bcc/ebpf CPU and scheduler tools]


=== Preemption ===

Preemption refers to the ability of the system to interrupt a running task to switch to another task.
This is essential for ensuring that high-priority tasks receive the necessary CPU time and for improving the system's responsiveness.
In Linux, preemption models define how and when the kernel can preempt tasks.
Different models offer varying trade-offs between system responsiveness and throughput.

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Proper Locking Under a Preemptible Kernel|locking/preempt-locking.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_enable}} &amp;ndash; decrement the preempt counter
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_disable}} &amp;ndash; increment the preempt counter
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_enable_no_resched}} &amp;ndash; decrement, but do not immediately preempt
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_check_resched}} &amp;ndash; if needed, reschedule
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_count}} &amp;ndash; return the preempt counter
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/Kconfig.preempt}} &amp;ndash; preemption model configuration
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE}} &amp;ndash; no forced preemption for servers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY}} &amp;ndash; voluntary preemption for desktops
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PREEMPT}} &amp;ndash; preemptible except for critical sections for low-latency desktops
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT}} &amp;ndash; real-time preemption for [[Embedded_Systems/Linux#Real-time|highly responsive applications]]
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC}} &amp;ndash; allows runtime switching of preemption model
::: /sys/kernel/debug/sched/preempt &amp;ndash; shows and controls the active preemption model

=== sched_ext ===

Since version 6.12 the kernel supports {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_EXT}} &amp;mdash; an extensible scheduler class whose behavior is defined by a set of {{w|eBPF}} programs.
Any scheduling algorithm can be implemented on top of sched_ext, loaded and unloaded dynamically at runtime.
The system integrity is maintained no matter what the BPF scheduler does: the default scheduling behavior is restored on error or when a runnable task stalls.


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_SCHED_CLASS_EXT}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/ext.c}} &amp;ndash; extensible BPF scheduler class
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_ext_ops}} &amp;ndash; BPF scheduler operations
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_ext_entity}} &amp;ndash; per-task sched_ext data, embedded in {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/sched_ext}} &amp;ndash; in-tree example BPF schedulers


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Extensible Scheduler Class|scheduler/sched-ext.html}}
: [https://github.com/sched-ext/scx sched-ext/scx] &amp;ndash; production BPF schedulers
: [https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Scheduler-BPF Scheduler BPF LWN]

=== Energy Aware Scheduling ===

🚀 advanced topic

Since version 5.0, Energy Aware Scheduling (EAS) gives the scheduler the ability to predict the impact of its decisions on the energy consumed by CPUs.
EAS relies on an Energy Model (EM) to select an energy efficient CPU for each task, with minimal impact on throughput.
EAS operates only on heterogeneous CPU topologies (such as ARM {{w|big.LITTLE}}) where the potential for energy savings is highest.


⚲ API
: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_energy_aware &amp;ndash; enable or disable EAS
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/energy_model.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|em_perf_domain}} &amp;ndash; performance domain descriptor
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|em_cpu_get}} &amp;ndash; get the EM for a given CPU


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_ENERGY_MODEL}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|find_energy_efficient_cpu}} &amp;ndash; find most energy-efficient target CPU for a waking task
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/power/energy_model.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU energy model framework


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy Aware Scheduling|scheduler/sched-energy.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy Model of devices|power/energy-model.html}}

=== Wait queues ===
A ''wait queue'' in the kernel is a data structure that allows one or more processes to wait (sleep) until something of interest happens.
They are used throughout the kernel to wait for available memory, I/O completion, message arrival, and many other things.
In the early days of Linux, a wait queue was a simple list of waiting processes, but various scalability problems (including the {{w|thundering herd problem}}) have led to the addition of a fair amount of complexity since then.


⚲ API

{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/wait.h}}

{{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_queue_head}} consists of double linked list of {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_queue_entry}} and a spinlock.

Waiting for simple events:

: Use one of two methods for {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_queue_head}} initialization:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|init_waitqueue_head}} initializes {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_queue_head}} in function context
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD}} - actually defines {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_queue_head}} in global context
: Wait alternatives:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_event_interruptible}} - preferable wait
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_event_interruptible_timeout}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_event}} - uninterruptible wait. Can cause deadlock ⚠
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wake_up}} etc
👁 For example usage see references to unique {{The Linux Kernel/id|suspend_queue}}.

Explicit use of add_wait_queue instead of simple wait_event for complex cases:

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DECLARE_WAITQUEUE}} actually defines wait_queue_entry with {{The Linux Kernel/id|default_wake_function}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_wait_queue}} inserts process in the first position of a wait queue
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|remove_wait_queue}}


⚙️ Internals 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|___wait_event}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__add_wait_queue}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__wake_up_common}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|try_to_wake_up}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/wait.c}} &amp;ndash; wait queue implementation

Simple wait queues &amp;ndash; simplified version with raw spinlock, suitable for RT and restricted contexts:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/swait.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|swait_queue_head}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|swait_queue}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/swait.c}} &amp;ndash; simple wait queue implementation


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Wait queues and Wake events|driver-api/basics.html#wait-queues-and-wake-events}}


=== Real-time ===

{{:The Linux Kernel/Multitasking/Real-time}}

== Synchronization ==
Thread {{w|Synchronization (computer science)|synchronization}} is defined as a mechanism which ensures that two or more concurrent processes or threads do not simultaneously execute some particular program segment known as {{w|mutual exclusion}} (mutex).
When one thread starts executing the critical section (serialized segment of the program) the other thread should wait until the first thread finishes.
If proper synchronization techniques are not applied, it may cause a race condition where, the values of variables may be unpredictable and vary depending on the timings of context switches of the processes or threads.

=== User space synchronization ===

==== POSIX Timers ====

⚲ APIs
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timer_create}} – creates a POSIX timer
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timer_settime}} – starts or modifies a timer
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timer_gettime}} – retrieves the remaining time of a timer
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timer_delete}} – deletes a POSIX timer
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|clock_nanosleep}} – suspends execution for a specified time

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/posix-timers.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/itimer.c}} &amp;ndash; interval timer (setitimer/getitimer)
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/posix-timers.c}} &amp;ndash; POSIX clock and timer operations
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/posix-cpu-timers.c}} &amp;ndash; per-process/thread CPU timers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|posix_cpu_timer_set}} – function setting up CPU timers


==== Futex ====

A {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|futex}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_futex}} (short for &quot;Fast User space muTex&quot;) is a kernel system call that programmers can use to implement basic locking, or as a building block for higher-level locking abstractions such as semaphores and POSIX mutexes or condition variables.

A futex consists of a kernel space ''wait queue'' that is attached to an aligned integer in user space.
Multiple processes or threads operate on the integer entirely in user space (using atomic operations to avoid interfering with one another), and only resort to relatively expensive system calls to request operations on the wait queue (for example to wake up waiting processes, or to put the current process on the wait queue).
A properly programmed futex-based lock will not use system calls except when the lock is contended; since most operations do not require arbitration between processes, this will not happen in most cases.


The basic operations of futexes are based on only two central operations {{The Linux Kernel/id|futex_wait}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|futex_wake}} though implementation has more operations for more specialized cases.

: WAIT (''addr'', ''val'') checks if the value stored at the address ''addr'' is ''val'', and if it is puts the current thread to sleep.
: WAKE (''addr'', ''val'') wakes up ''val'' number of threads waiting on the address ''addr''.


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/futex.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/futex.h}}

⚙️ Internals: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/futex}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#futex stress-ng --futex]

📖 References
: {{w|Futex}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|futex}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Futex API reference|kernel-hacking/locking.html#futex-api-reference}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|futex}}

==== File locking ====
⚲ API: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|flock}}


==== Semaphore ====

💾 ''History: Semaphore is part of System V IPC {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|sysvipc}}''

⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|semget}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|semctl}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|semop}}


⚙️ Internals: {{The Linux Kernel/source|ipc/sem.c}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#sem stress-ng --sem]

=== Kernel space synchronization ===

For kernel mode synchronization Linux provides three categories of locking primitives: sleeping, per CPU local locks and spinning locks.


==== Read-Copy-Update ====

Common mechanism to solve the readers–writers problem is the {{w|read-copy-update}} (''RCU'') algorithm.
Read-copy-update implements a kind of mutual exclusion that is wait-free (non-blocking) for readers, allowing extremely low overhead.
However, RCU updates can be expensive, as they must leave the old versions of the data structure in place to accommodate pre-existing readers.


⚲ The core API in {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/rcupdate.h}} is quite small:

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rcu_read_lock}} marks an RCU-protected data structure so that it won't be reclaimed for the full duration of that critical section.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rcu_read_unlock}} is used by a reader to inform the reclaimer that the reader is exiting an RCU read-side critical section. Note that RCU read-side critical sections may be nested and/or overlapping.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|synchronize_rcu}} blocks until all pre-existing RCU read-side critical sections on all CPUs have completed. Note that &lt;code&gt;synchronize_rcu&lt;/code&gt; will ''not'' necessarily wait for any subsequent RCU read-side critical sections to complete.


For example, consider the following sequence of events:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!
!CPU 0
!CPU 1
!CPU 2
|-
|1.
|rcu_read_lock()
|
|
|-
|2.
|
|enters synchronize_rcu()
|
|-
|3.
|
|
| rcu_read_lock()
|-
|4.
|rcu_read_unlock()
|
|
|-
|5.
|
|exits synchronize_rcu()
|
|-
|6.
|
|
|rcu_read_unlock()
|}
[[File:Rcu api.jpg|thumb|upright=2|RCU API communications between the reader, updater, and reclaimer]]
:Since &lt;code&gt;synchronize_rcu&lt;/code&gt; is the API that must figure out when readers are done, its implementation is key to RCU. For RCU to be useful in all but the most read-intensive situations, &lt;code&gt;synchronize_rcu&lt;/code&gt;'s overhead must also be quite small.

:Alternatively, instead of blocking, synchronize_rcu may register a callback to be invoked after all ongoing RCU read-side critical sections have completed. This callback variant is called {{The Linux Kernel/id|call_rcu}} in the Linux kernel.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rcu_assign_pointer}} - The updater uses this function to assign a new value to an RCU-protected pointer, in order to safely communicate the change in value from the updater to the reader. This function returns the new value, and also executes any {{w|Memory barrier}} instructions required for a given CPU architecture.  Perhaps more importantly, it serves to document which pointers are protected by RCU.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rcu_dereference}} - The reader uses this function to fetch an RCU-protected pointer, which returns a value that may then be safely dereferenced. It also executes any directives required by the compiler or the CPU, for example, a volatile cast for gcc, a memory_order_consume load for C/C++11 or the memory-barrier instruction required by the old DEC Alpha CPU.  The value returned by &lt;code&gt;rcu_dereference&lt;/code&gt; is valid only within the enclosing RCU read-side critical section.  As with &lt;code&gt;rcu_assign_pointer&lt;/code&gt;, an important function of &lt;code&gt;rcu_dereference&lt;/code&gt; is to document which pointers are protected by RCU.

The RCU infrastructure observes the time sequence of &lt;code&gt;rcu_read_lock&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;rcu_read_unlock&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;synchronize_rcu&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;call_rcu&lt;/code&gt; invocations in order to determine when (1) &lt;code&gt;synchronize_rcu&lt;/code&gt; invocations may return to their callers and (2) &lt;code&gt;call_rcu&lt;/code&gt; callbacks may be invoked.
Efficient implementations of the RCU infrastructure make heavy use of batching in order to amortize their overhead over many uses of the corresponding APIs.

⚲ API 
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=rcu_nocbs%5B rcu_nocbs] &amp;ndash; no-callback CPUs
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/rcupdate.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/rculist.h}} &amp;ndash; RCU-protected linked list operations


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/rcu}} &amp;ndash; read-copy-update implementation


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Avoiding Locks: Read Copy Update|kernel-hacking/locking.html?#avoiding-locks-read-copy-update}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|RCU concepts|RCU}}
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Initialization/linux-initialization-9.html RCU initialization]


📚 Further reading
: [https://lpc.events/event/18/contributions/1906/attachments/1590/3302/LPC-2024-Vienna.pdf Reduce synchronize_rcu() latency]

==== Sleeping locks ====

===== Mutexes =====

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mutex.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/completion.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mutex}} has owner and usage constraints, easier to debug than semaphore
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rt_mutex}} blocking mutual exclusion locks with priority inheritance (PI) support
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ww_mutex}} Wound/Wait mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks with deadlock avoidance
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rw_semaphore}} readers–writer semaphores
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|percpu_rw_semaphore}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|completion}} - use completion for synchronization task with ISR and task or two tasks.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_for_completion}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|complete}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#mutex stress-ng --mutex]

💾 ''Historical''
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|semaphore}} - use mutex instead semaphore if possible
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/semaphore.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/rwsem.h}} 


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Completions - “wait for completion” barrier APIs|scheduler/completion.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Mutex API reference|kernel-hacking/locking.html#mutex-api-reference}}
: [http://lwn.net/Articles/23993/ LWN: completion events]

==== per CPU local lock ==== 

On normal preemptible kernel local_lock calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_disable}}.
On RT preemptible kernel local_lock calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|migrate_disable}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|spin_lock}}.
Any changes applied to spinlock_t also apply to local_lock.


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/local_lock.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_lock}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_disable}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_lock_irqsave}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_irq_save}}
:: etc


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|local_lock|locking/locktypes.html#local-lock}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|PREEMPT_RT caveats: spinlock_t, rwlock_t, migrate_disable and local_lock|locking/locktypes.html#spinlock-t-and-rwlock-t}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Proper locking under a preemptive kernel|locking/preempt-locking.html}}
: [https://lwn.net/Articles/828477/ Local locks in the kernel]


==== Spinning locks ====

===== {{w|Spinlock}}s =====

a ''spinlock'' is a lock which causes a thread trying to acquire it to simply wait in a loop (&quot;spin&quot;) while repeatedly checking if the lock is available.
Since the thread remains active but is not performing a useful task, the use of such a lock is a kind of busy waiting.
Once acquired, spinlocks will usually be held until they are explicitly released, although in some implementations they may be automatically released if the thread being waited on (that which holds the lock) blocks, or &quot;goes to sleep&quot;.

Spinlocks are commonly used inside kernels because they are efficient if threads are likely to be blocked for only short periods.
However, spinlocks become wasteful if held for longer durations, as they may prevent other threads from running and require rescheduling.
👁 For example {{The Linux Kernel/id|kobj_kset_join}} uses spinlock to protect assess to the linked list.

Enabling and disabling of kernel preemption replaced spinlocks on uniprocessor systems (disabled {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_SMP}}).
Most spinning locks becoming sleeping locks in the {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT}} kernels.


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/spinlock.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|spinlock_t}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|raw_spinlock_t}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bit_spinlock.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|bit_spin_lock}}


📖 References
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/linux-sync-1.html Introduction to spinlocks] 
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/linux-sync-2.html Queued spinlocks]

===== {{w|Seqlock}}s =====

A ''seqlock'' (short for &quot;sequential lock&quot;) is a special locking mechanism used in Linux for supporting fast writes of shared variables between two parallel operating system routines.
It is a special solution to the readers–writers problem when the number of writers is small.

It is a reader-writer consistent mechanism which avoids the problem of writer starvation.
A {{The Linux Kernel/id|seqlock_t}} consists of storage for saving a sequence counter {{The Linux Kernel/id|seqcount_t}}/seqcount_spinlock_t in addition to a lock.
The lock is to support synchronization between two writers and the counter is for indicating consistency in readers.
In addition to updating the shared data, the writer increments the sequence counter, both after acquiring the lock and before releasing the lock.
Readers read the sequence counter before and after reading the shared data.
If the sequence counter is odd on either occasion, a writer had taken the lock while the data was being read and it may have changed.
If the sequence counters are different, a writer has changed the data while it was being read.
In either case readers simply retry (using a loop) until they read the same even sequence counter before and after.


⚲ API

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|seqlock_t}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_SEQLOCK}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|seqlock_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|read_seqlock_excl}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|write_seqlock}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|seqcount_t}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|seqcount_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|read_seqcount_begin}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|read_seqcount_retry}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|write_seqcount_begin}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|write_seqcount_end}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/seqlock.h}}

👁 Example: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mount_lock}}, defined in {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namespace.c}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Sequence counters and sequential locks|locking/seqlock.html}}
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/linux-sync-6.html SeqLock]

==== Spinning or sleeping locks ====

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! !! normal !! on preempt RT
|-
| spinlock_t, || raw_spinlock_t || rt_mutex_base, rt_spin_lock, sleeping
|-
| rwlock_t || spinning || sleeping
|-
| local_lock || preempt_disable|| migrate_disable, rt_spin_lock, sleeping
|}

==== Low level ====

The compiler might optimize away or reorder writes to variables leading to unexpected behavior
when variables are accessed concurrently by multiple threads.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/rwonce.h}} &amp;ndash; prevent the compiler from merging or refetching reads or writes.
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/compiler.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|barrier}} &amp;ndash; prevents the compiler from reordering instructions around the barrier
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/barrier.h}} &amp;ndash; generic barrier definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h}} &amp;ndash; force strict CPU ordering
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mb}} &amp;ndash; ensures that all memory operations before the barrier are completed before any memory operations after the barrier are started


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Atomics|driver-api/basics.html#atomics}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/atomic.h}} &amp;ndash; atomic operations wrapper
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/atomic.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|atomic_dec_and_test}} ...


📚 Further reading

: {{w|Volatile_(computer_programming)#In_C_and_C++|volatile}} &amp;ndash; prevents the compiler from optimizations
: {{w|Memory barrier}} &amp;ndash; enforces an ordering constraint on memory operations

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Lock stress-ng --lockbus]


==== ... ====

⚙️ Locking internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/lockdep.h}} &amp;ndash; runtime locking correctness validator
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/debug_locks.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/locking-selftest.c}} &amp;ndash; locking correctness self-tests
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/locking}} &amp;ndash; locking primitives
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mutex_waiter}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_list}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_queue_head_t}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/locking/locktorture.c}} &amp;ndash; module-based torture test facility for locking


📖 Locking references
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|locking|locking}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Lock types and their rules|locking/locktypes.html}}
::: 😴 {{The Linux Kernel/doc|sleeping locks|locking/locktypes.html#sleeping-locks}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mutex}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|rt_mutex}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|semaphore}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|rw_semaphore}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|ww_mutex}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|percpu_rw_semaphore}}
:::: on preempt RT: local_lock, spinlock_t, rwlock_t
::: 😵‍💫 {{The Linux Kernel/doc|spinning locks|locking/locktypes.html#spinning-locks}}:
:::: raw_spinlock_t, bit spinlocks
:::: on non preempt RT: spinlock_t, rwlock_t
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Unreliable Guide To Locking|kernel-hacking/locking.html}}
: [https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/#synchronization LKMPG: Synchronization]
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/ Synchronization primitives]


=== Time ===

⚲ UAPI
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/time.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timespec}} &amp;ndash; nanosecond resolution
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timeval}}  &amp;ndash; microsecond resolution
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timezone}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/time_types.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__kernel_timespec}} &amp;ndash; nanosecond resolution, used in syscalls
:: ...

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/delay.h}} &amp;ndash; busy-wait delay functions for timing control
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/clock.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_clock}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/time.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|tm}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_timespec64}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/ktime.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ktime_t}} &amp;ndash; nanosecond scalar representation for kernel time values
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ktime_sub}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/timekeeping.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ktime_get}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|ktime_get_ns}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ktime_get_real}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/time64.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timespec64}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|time64_t}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ns_to_timespec64}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timespec64_sub}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ktime_to_timespec64}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/rtc.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/jiffies.h}}


⚙️ Internals 
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time}} &amp;ndash; timekeeping, timers and clocks

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Timer stress-ng --timer],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#High --hrtimers]

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ktime accessors|core-api/timekeeping.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Clock sources, Clock events, sched_clock() and delay timers|timers/timekeeping.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Time and timer routines|driver-api/basics.html#time-and-timer-routines}}
: {{w|Year 2038 problem}}

{{:The Linux Kernel/Multitasking/CPU}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>a5c5w082oxsis63ho86tg72eftvyove</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641729</id>
      <parentid>4641712</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T17:33:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>rdtsc_ordered for tracing timekeeping functions</comment>
      <origin>4641729</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="43554" sha1="ij2kd8ss9hztqwm8zyftym6jn7381c5" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:Multitasking functionality}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

{| style=&quot;width: 25%; float: right; text-align:center;border-spacing: 0; margin:auto;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5pc&quot;
! bgcolor=&quot;#ffc&quot; |multitasking
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#eeb&quot; |[[#Execution|execution]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#dda&quot; |[[#Threads_or_tasks|threads or tasks]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#cc9&quot; |[[#Synchronization|synchronization]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#bb8&quot; |[[#Scheduler|Scheduler]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#aa8&quot; |[[#Interrupts|interrupts core]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#997&quot; |[[#CPU_specific|CPU specific]]
|}

Linux kernel is a preemptive {{w|Computer multitasking|multitasking}} operating system.
As a multitasking OS, it allows multiple processes to share processors (CPUs) and other system resources.
Each CPU executes a single task at a time.
However, multitasking allows each processor to switch between tasks that are being executed without having to wait for each task to finish.
For that, the kernel can, at any time, temporarily interrupt a task being carried out by the processor, and replace it by another task that can be new or a previously suspended one.
The operation involving the swapping of the running task is called ''{{w|context switch}}''.

== Execution ==

⚲ API ↪ ⚙️ implementations

{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|execve}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_execveat_common}} runs an executable file in the context of current process, replacing the previous executable.
This system call is used by family of functions of libc {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|exec}}.
The {{w|Executable and Linkable Format|ELF}} binary format is loaded by {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/binfmt_elf.c}}.

{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|clone}}.
Clone creates a child process that may share parts of its execution context with the parent.
It is often used to implement threads (though programmers will typically use a higher-level interface such as {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|pthreads}}, implemented on top of clone).

{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|wait}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_waitid}} suspends the execution of the calling process until one of its child processes terminates.

Syscall {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getpid}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_tgid_vnr}} returns PID of the current process which internally is called TGID - thread group id.
A process can contain many threads.
{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|gettid}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_pid_vnr}} returns thread id.
Which internally is historically called PID.
⚠️ Warning: confusion.
User space PID ≠ kernel space PID.
{{The Linux Kernel/man|1|ps}} -AF lists current processes and thread as {{w|Light-weight process|LWP}}.
For a single thread process all these IDs are equal.

High-resolution delays:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|nanosleep}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_nanosleep}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_nanosleep}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|clock_nanosleep}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_clock_nanosleep}}

Wait for a signal:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pause}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_pause}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigsuspend}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_sigsuspend}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Swapcontext stress-ng --context],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Context --switch]

See [[The Linux Kernel/Processes|Processes]] for process creation and termination.

=== Inter-process communication ===
Inter-process communication (IPC) refers specifically to the mechanisms an operating system provides to allow processes it manages to share data.
Methods for achieving IPC are divided into categories which vary based on software requirements, such as performance and modularity requirements, and system circumstances.
Linux inherited from Unix the following IPC mechanisms:

Signals (⚲ API ↪ ⚙️ implementations):

: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|kill}} sends signal to a process
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|tgkill}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_tkill}} sends a signal to a thread
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|process_vm_readv}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|process_vm_rw}} - zero-copy data transfer between process address spaces

: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigaction}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sigaction}} &amp;ndash; examine and change a signal action
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigprocmask}} &amp;ndash; examine and change blocked signals
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigpending}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sigpending}} &amp;ndash; examine pending signals
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigsuspend}} &amp;ndash; wait for a signal
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigaltstack}} &amp;ndash; set or get signal stack context
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sigtimedwait}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sigtimedwait}} &amp;ndash; synchronously wait for queued signals
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|signal}} &amp;ndash; overview of signals
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/signal.h}} &amp;ndash; signal-related task accessors
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/signal.c}} &amp;ndash; signal delivery and handling
: 🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Signal~2 stress-ng --sigq]


: [[../Storage#Zero-copy|Anonymous pipes]] and named pipes (FIFOs) {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mknod}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_mknodat}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|S_IFIFO}}
: {{w|Express Data Path}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|PF_XDP}}
: {{w|Unix domain socket}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|PF_UNIX}}
: Memory-mapped files {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mmap}} ⤑ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_mmap_pgoff}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|eventfd}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_eventfd}} &amp;ndash; event notification via file descriptor
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|signalfd}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_signalfd4}} &amp;ndash; receive signals via file descriptor
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timerfd_create}} &amp;ndash; timer notification via file descriptor
: Sys V IPC:
:: Message queues: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|msgget}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|msgsnd}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|msgrcv}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|ipc/msg.c}}
:: Semaphores
:: Shared memory: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|shmget}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|shmctl}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|shmat}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|shmdt}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|ipc/shm.c}}
: POSIX message queues:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|mq_overview}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|mq_open}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|mq_send}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|mq_receive}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|ipc/mqueue.c}} 🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#mq --mq]


📖 References
: {{w|Inter-process communication}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|sysvipc}}

== Threads or tasks ==

In Linux kernel &quot;thread&quot; and &quot;task&quot; are almost synonyms.

⚲ API

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched.h}} - the main scheduler API
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/current.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 current task pointer
::{{Linux ident|current}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_current}} () return current {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/taskstats.h}} per-task statistics
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/thread_info.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|current_thread_info}}() returns {{The Linux Kernel/id|thread_info}}
:{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/task.h}} - interface between the scheduler and various task lifetime (fork()/exit()) functionality
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kthread.h}} - simple interface for creating and stopping kernel threads without mess.
::{{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_run}} creates and wakes a thread
::{{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create}}


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_run}} ↯ hierarchy: 
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/kthread.c}} &amp;ndash; kernel thread creation and management
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthreadd}} &amp;ndash; parent kernel thread and the creator of all other kernel threads.
Dequeues {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create_info}} from {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create_list}}.
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|create_kthread}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_thread}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread}} &amp;ndash; invokes {{The Linux Kernel/id|threadfn}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__kthread_create_on_node}} &amp;ndash; enqueues {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create_info}} into {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create_list}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/fork.c}} &amp;ndash; process creation and cloning
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_thread}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kernel_clone}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Clone stress-ng --clone],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#f --fork],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#pthread --pthread]

==Scheduler==

The ''{{w|Scheduling_(computing)#Linux|scheduler}}'' is the part of the operating system that decides which process runs at a certain point in time.
It usually has the ability to pause a running process, move it to the back of the running queue and start a new process.

Active processes are placed in an array called a ''{{w|run queue}}'', or ''runqueue'' - {{The Linux Kernel/id|rq}}.
The run queue may contain priority values for each process, which will be used by the scheduler to determine which process to run next.
To ensure each program has a fair share of resources, each one is run for some time period (quantum) before it is paused and placed back into the run queue.
When a program is stopped to let another run, the program with the highest priority in the run queue is then allowed to execute.
Processes are also removed from the run queue when they ask to ''sleep'', are waiting on a resource to become available, or have been terminated.

Since version 6.6 the Linux kernel uses the {{w|Earliest eligible virtual deadline first scheduling}} (EEVDF) algorithm, which replaced the {{w|Completely Fair Scheduler}} (CFS).
While much of the CFS infrastructure remains: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_entity}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|cfs_rq}}, the red-black tree, load balancing, and {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/fair.c}} &amp;mdash; the task selection logic is fundamentally different.
EEVDF is based on a classic scheduling algorithm originally designed for packet networks.
The scheduler has a scheduling complexity of O(log N), where N is the number of tasks in the runqueue.
Both picking and reinserting a task require O(log N) operations, because the run queue is implemented as a {{w|red–black tree}}.

The runqueue ({{The Linux Kernel/id|cfs_rq}}) is implemented as a red-black tree representing a &quot;timeline&quot; of future task execution.
The scheduler uses nanosecond granularity accounting and requires no heuristics or interactivity estimators.

EEVDF improves sleeper fairness over CFS by tracking ''lag'' ({{The Linux Kernel/id|vlag}}) &amp;mdash; the difference between the service a task was entitled to and the service it actually received.
When a sleeping task wakes up, its lag determines eligibility, ensuring interactive tasks get prompt service without starving long-running tasks.

The data structure used for the scheduling algorithm is a red-black tree in which the nodes are {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_entity}} structures, embedded in {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}.

With EEVDF, each task has a time slice ({{The Linux Kernel/id|sysctl_sched_base_slice}}, default 0.7ms) that determines its request length.
EEVDF computes a virtual deadline for each task: vd_i = ve_i + r_i/w_i, where ve_i is the eligible time, r_i is the request size, and w_i is the weight (determined by nice value).
The scheduler picks the eligible task with the earliest virtual deadline via {{The Linux Kernel/id|__pick_eevdf}}.

The Linux kernel contains different scheduler classes (or policies).
The EEVDF scheduler handles {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_NORMAL}} (aka SCHED_OTHER).
The kernel also contains two additional classes {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_BATCH}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_IDLE}}, and another two real-time scheduling classes named {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_FIFO}} (realtime first-in-first-out) and {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_RR}} (realtime round-robin), with a third realtime scheduling policy known as {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_DEADLINE}} that implements the {{w|Earliest deadline first scheduling|earliest deadline first algorithm (EDF)}} added later.
Any realtime scheduler class takes precedence over any of the &quot;normal&quot; &amp;mdash;i.e.
non realtime&amp;mdash; classes.
The scheduler class is selected and configured through the {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_setscheduler}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sched_setscheduler}} system call.

Properly balancing latency, throughput, and fairness in schedulers is an open problem.&lt;ref name=&quot;malte&quot; &gt;
Malte Skarupke.
[https://probablydance.com/2019/12/30/measuring-mutexes-spinlocks-and-how-bad-the-linux-scheduler-really-is/ &quot;Measuring Mutexes, Spinlocks and how Bad the Linux Scheduler Really is&quot;].
&lt;/ref&gt;


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|renice}} &amp;ndash; priority of running processes
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|nice}} &amp;ndash; run a program with modified scheduling priority
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|chrt}} &amp;ndash; manipulate the real-time attributes of a process
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_getattr}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_sched_getattr}} &amp;ndash; get scheduling policy and attributes
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched.h}} &amp;ndash; the main scheduler API
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|schedule}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getpriority}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setpriority}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_setscheduler}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_getscheduler}}
: /sys/kernel/debug/sched/ &amp;ndash; scheduler debugfs tuning directory
:: features &amp;ndash; toggle scheduler feature flags
:: base_slice_ns &amp;ndash; EEVDF base time slice (default 700000)
:: migration_cost_ns &amp;ndash; cost threshold for task migration between CPUs
:: nr_migrate &amp;ndash; max tasks to migrate per balancing pass
:: debug &amp;ndash; dump detailed scheduler state
:: numa_balancing/ &amp;ndash; NUMA balancing scan parameters


⚙️ Internals

:{{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_init}} is called from {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__schedule}} is the main scheduler function.
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|runqueues}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|this_rq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched}} &amp;ndash; scheduler subsystem
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/core.c}} &amp;ndash; core scheduling logic
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/fair.c}} implements {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_NORMAL}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_BATCH}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_IDLE}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__pick_eevdf}} &amp;ndash; core of EEVDF
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_setscheduler}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_getscheduler}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}::{{The Linux Kernel/id|rt_priority}} and other members with less unique identifiers

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#schedpolicy stress-ng --schedpolicy]


🛠️ Utilities

: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|pidstat}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|pcp-pidstat}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-sched}}
: [https://opensource.googleblog.com/2019/10/understanding-scheduling-behavior-with.html Understanding Scheduling Behavior with SchedViz]


📖 References

: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|sched}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Scheduling|scheduler}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|EEVDF Scheduler|scheduler/sched-eevdf.html}}
::: [https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Scheduler-EEVDF An EEVDF CPU scheduler for Linux LWN]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Delaying and scheduling routines|driver-api/basics.html#delaying-and-scheduling-routines}}
: CFS
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Completely Fair Scheduler|scheduler/sched-design-CFS.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CFS Bandwidth Control|scheduler/sched-bwc.html}}
:: [[The Linux Kernel/System/CGroup v2#CPU|CPU cgroup controller]]
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU cgroup interface files|admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#cpu-interface-files}}
:: [https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Scheduler-Completely_fair_scheduler Completely fair scheduler LWN]
:: [https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP1/html/SLES-all/cha-tuning-taskscheduler.html Tuning the task scheduler]
:: [https://home.robusta.dev/blog/stop-using-cpu-limits stop using CPU limits on Kubernetes]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Deadline Task Scheduler|scheduler/sched-deadline.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|sched}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|sched_setparam}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|sched_getscheduler}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|sched_setscheduler}}


📚 Further reading about the scheduler
: [https://github.com/iovisor/bpftrace/blob/master/docs/tutorial_one_liners.md#lesson-10-scheduler-tracing Scheduler tracing]
: [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/README.md#cpu-and-scheduler-tools bcc/ebpf CPU and scheduler tools]


=== Preemption ===

Preemption refers to the ability of the system to interrupt a running task to switch to another task.
This is essential for ensuring that high-priority tasks receive the necessary CPU time and for improving the system's responsiveness.
In Linux, preemption models define how and when the kernel can preempt tasks.
Different models offer varying trade-offs between system responsiveness and throughput.

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Proper Locking Under a Preemptible Kernel|locking/preempt-locking.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_enable}} &amp;ndash; decrement the preempt counter
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_disable}} &amp;ndash; increment the preempt counter
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_enable_no_resched}} &amp;ndash; decrement, but do not immediately preempt
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_check_resched}} &amp;ndash; if needed, reschedule
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_count}} &amp;ndash; return the preempt counter
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/Kconfig.preempt}} &amp;ndash; preemption model configuration
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE}} &amp;ndash; no forced preemption for servers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY}} &amp;ndash; voluntary preemption for desktops
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PREEMPT}} &amp;ndash; preemptible except for critical sections for low-latency desktops
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT}} &amp;ndash; real-time preemption for [[Embedded_Systems/Linux#Real-time|highly responsive applications]]
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC}} &amp;ndash; allows runtime switching of preemption model
::: /sys/kernel/debug/sched/preempt &amp;ndash; shows and controls the active preemption model

=== sched_ext ===

Since version 6.12 the kernel supports {{The Linux Kernel/id|SCHED_EXT}} &amp;mdash; an extensible scheduler class whose behavior is defined by a set of {{w|eBPF}} programs.
Any scheduling algorithm can be implemented on top of sched_ext, loaded and unloaded dynamically at runtime.
The system integrity is maintained no matter what the BPF scheduler does: the default scheduling behavior is restored on error or when a runnable task stalls.


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_SCHED_CLASS_EXT}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/ext.c}} &amp;ndash; extensible BPF scheduler class
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_ext_ops}} &amp;ndash; BPF scheduler operations
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_ext_entity}} &amp;ndash; per-task sched_ext data, embedded in {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/sched_ext}} &amp;ndash; in-tree example BPF schedulers


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Extensible Scheduler Class|scheduler/sched-ext.html}}
: [https://github.com/sched-ext/scx sched-ext/scx] &amp;ndash; production BPF schedulers
: [https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Scheduler-BPF Scheduler BPF LWN]

=== Energy Aware Scheduling ===

🚀 advanced topic

Since version 5.0, Energy Aware Scheduling (EAS) gives the scheduler the ability to predict the impact of its decisions on the energy consumed by CPUs.
EAS relies on an Energy Model (EM) to select an energy efficient CPU for each task, with minimal impact on throughput.
EAS operates only on heterogeneous CPU topologies (such as ARM {{w|big.LITTLE}}) where the potential for energy savings is highest.


⚲ API
: /proc/sys/kernel/sched_energy_aware &amp;ndash; enable or disable EAS
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/energy_model.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|em_perf_domain}} &amp;ndash; performance domain descriptor
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|em_cpu_get}} &amp;ndash; get the EM for a given CPU


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_ENERGY_MODEL}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|find_energy_efficient_cpu}} &amp;ndash; find most energy-efficient target CPU for a waking task
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/power/energy_model.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU energy model framework


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy Aware Scheduling|scheduler/sched-energy.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy Model of devices|power/energy-model.html}}

=== Wait queues ===
A ''wait queue'' in the kernel is a data structure that allows one or more processes to wait (sleep) until something of interest happens.
They are used throughout the kernel to wait for available memory, I/O completion, message arrival, and many other things.
In the early days of Linux, a wait queue was a simple list of waiting processes, but various scalability problems (including the {{w|thundering herd problem}}) have led to the addition of a fair amount of complexity since then.


⚲ API

{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/wait.h}}

{{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_queue_head}} consists of double linked list of {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_queue_entry}} and a spinlock.

Waiting for simple events:

: Use one of two methods for {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_queue_head}} initialization:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|init_waitqueue_head}} initializes {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_queue_head}} in function context
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD}} - actually defines {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_queue_head}} in global context
: Wait alternatives:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_event_interruptible}} - preferable wait
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_event_interruptible_timeout}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_event}} - uninterruptible wait. Can cause deadlock ⚠
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wake_up}} etc
👁 For example usage see references to unique {{The Linux Kernel/id|suspend_queue}}.

Explicit use of add_wait_queue instead of simple wait_event for complex cases:

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DECLARE_WAITQUEUE}} actually defines wait_queue_entry with {{The Linux Kernel/id|default_wake_function}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_wait_queue}} inserts process in the first position of a wait queue
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|remove_wait_queue}}


⚙️ Internals 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|___wait_event}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__add_wait_queue}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__wake_up_common}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|try_to_wake_up}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/wait.c}} &amp;ndash; wait queue implementation

Simple wait queues &amp;ndash; simplified version with raw spinlock, suitable for RT and restricted contexts:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/swait.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|swait_queue_head}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|swait_queue}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/swait.c}} &amp;ndash; simple wait queue implementation


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Wait queues and Wake events|driver-api/basics.html#wait-queues-and-wake-events}}


=== Real-time ===

{{:The Linux Kernel/Multitasking/Real-time}}

== Synchronization ==
Thread {{w|Synchronization (computer science)|synchronization}} is defined as a mechanism which ensures that two or more concurrent processes or threads do not simultaneously execute some particular program segment known as {{w|mutual exclusion}} (mutex).
When one thread starts executing the critical section (serialized segment of the program) the other thread should wait until the first thread finishes.
If proper synchronization techniques are not applied, it may cause a race condition where, the values of variables may be unpredictable and vary depending on the timings of context switches of the processes or threads.

=== User space synchronization ===

==== POSIX Timers ====

⚲ APIs
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timer_create}} – creates a POSIX timer
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timer_settime}} – starts or modifies a timer
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timer_gettime}} – retrieves the remaining time of a timer
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|timer_delete}} – deletes a POSIX timer
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|clock_nanosleep}} – suspends execution for a specified time

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/posix-timers.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/itimer.c}} &amp;ndash; interval timer (setitimer/getitimer)
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/posix-timers.c}} &amp;ndash; POSIX clock and timer operations
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/posix-cpu-timers.c}} &amp;ndash; per-process/thread CPU timers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|posix_cpu_timer_set}} – function setting up CPU timers


==== Futex ====

A {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|futex}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_futex}} (short for &quot;Fast User space muTex&quot;) is a kernel system call that programmers can use to implement basic locking, or as a building block for higher-level locking abstractions such as semaphores and POSIX mutexes or condition variables.

A futex consists of a kernel space ''wait queue'' that is attached to an aligned integer in user space.
Multiple processes or threads operate on the integer entirely in user space (using atomic operations to avoid interfering with one another), and only resort to relatively expensive system calls to request operations on the wait queue (for example to wake up waiting processes, or to put the current process on the wait queue).
A properly programmed futex-based lock will not use system calls except when the lock is contended; since most operations do not require arbitration between processes, this will not happen in most cases.


The basic operations of futexes are based on only two central operations {{The Linux Kernel/id|futex_wait}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|futex_wake}} though implementation has more operations for more specialized cases.

: WAIT (''addr'', ''val'') checks if the value stored at the address ''addr'' is ''val'', and if it is puts the current thread to sleep.
: WAKE (''addr'', ''val'') wakes up ''val'' number of threads waiting on the address ''addr''.


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/futex.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/futex.h}}

⚙️ Internals: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/futex}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#futex stress-ng --futex]

📖 References
: {{w|Futex}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|futex}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Futex API reference|kernel-hacking/locking.html#futex-api-reference}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|futex}}

==== File locking ====
⚲ API: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|flock}}


==== Semaphore ====

💾 ''History: Semaphore is part of System V IPC {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|sysvipc}}''

⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|semget}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|semctl}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|semop}}


⚙️ Internals: {{The Linux Kernel/source|ipc/sem.c}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#sem stress-ng --sem]

=== Kernel space synchronization ===

For kernel mode synchronization Linux provides three categories of locking primitives: sleeping, per CPU local locks and spinning locks.


==== Read-Copy-Update ====

Common mechanism to solve the readers–writers problem is the {{w|read-copy-update}} (''RCU'') algorithm.
Read-copy-update implements a kind of mutual exclusion that is wait-free (non-blocking) for readers, allowing extremely low overhead.
However, RCU updates can be expensive, as they must leave the old versions of the data structure in place to accommodate pre-existing readers.


⚲ The core API in {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/rcupdate.h}} is quite small:

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rcu_read_lock}} marks an RCU-protected data structure so that it won't be reclaimed for the full duration of that critical section.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rcu_read_unlock}} is used by a reader to inform the reclaimer that the reader is exiting an RCU read-side critical section. Note that RCU read-side critical sections may be nested and/or overlapping.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|synchronize_rcu}} blocks until all pre-existing RCU read-side critical sections on all CPUs have completed. Note that &lt;code&gt;synchronize_rcu&lt;/code&gt; will ''not'' necessarily wait for any subsequent RCU read-side critical sections to complete.


For example, consider the following sequence of events:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!
!CPU 0
!CPU 1
!CPU 2
|-
|1.
|rcu_read_lock()
|
|
|-
|2.
|
|enters synchronize_rcu()
|
|-
|3.
|
|
| rcu_read_lock()
|-
|4.
|rcu_read_unlock()
|
|
|-
|5.
|
|exits synchronize_rcu()
|
|-
|6.
|
|
|rcu_read_unlock()
|}
[[File:Rcu api.jpg|thumb|upright=2|RCU API communications between the reader, updater, and reclaimer]]
:Since &lt;code&gt;synchronize_rcu&lt;/code&gt; is the API that must figure out when readers are done, its implementation is key to RCU. For RCU to be useful in all but the most read-intensive situations, &lt;code&gt;synchronize_rcu&lt;/code&gt;'s overhead must also be quite small.

:Alternatively, instead of blocking, synchronize_rcu may register a callback to be invoked after all ongoing RCU read-side critical sections have completed. This callback variant is called {{The Linux Kernel/id|call_rcu}} in the Linux kernel.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rcu_assign_pointer}} - The updater uses this function to assign a new value to an RCU-protected pointer, in order to safely communicate the change in value from the updater to the reader. This function returns the new value, and also executes any {{w|Memory barrier}} instructions required for a given CPU architecture.  Perhaps more importantly, it serves to document which pointers are protected by RCU.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rcu_dereference}} - The reader uses this function to fetch an RCU-protected pointer, which returns a value that may then be safely dereferenced. It also executes any directives required by the compiler or the CPU, for example, a volatile cast for gcc, a memory_order_consume load for C/C++11 or the memory-barrier instruction required by the old DEC Alpha CPU.  The value returned by &lt;code&gt;rcu_dereference&lt;/code&gt; is valid only within the enclosing RCU read-side critical section.  As with &lt;code&gt;rcu_assign_pointer&lt;/code&gt;, an important function of &lt;code&gt;rcu_dereference&lt;/code&gt; is to document which pointers are protected by RCU.

The RCU infrastructure observes the time sequence of &lt;code&gt;rcu_read_lock&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;rcu_read_unlock&lt;/code&gt;, &lt;code&gt;synchronize_rcu&lt;/code&gt;, and &lt;code&gt;call_rcu&lt;/code&gt; invocations in order to determine when (1) &lt;code&gt;synchronize_rcu&lt;/code&gt; invocations may return to their callers and (2) &lt;code&gt;call_rcu&lt;/code&gt; callbacks may be invoked.
Efficient implementations of the RCU infrastructure make heavy use of batching in order to amortize their overhead over many uses of the corresponding APIs.

⚲ API 
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=rcu_nocbs%5B rcu_nocbs] &amp;ndash; no-callback CPUs
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/rcupdate.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/rculist.h}} &amp;ndash; RCU-protected linked list operations


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/rcu}} &amp;ndash; read-copy-update implementation


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Avoiding Locks: Read Copy Update|kernel-hacking/locking.html?#avoiding-locks-read-copy-update}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|RCU concepts|RCU}}
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Initialization/linux-initialization-9.html RCU initialization]


📚 Further reading
: [https://lpc.events/event/18/contributions/1906/attachments/1590/3302/LPC-2024-Vienna.pdf Reduce synchronize_rcu() latency]

==== Sleeping locks ====

===== Mutexes =====

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mutex.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/completion.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mutex}} has owner and usage constraints, easier to debug than semaphore
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rt_mutex}} blocking mutual exclusion locks with priority inheritance (PI) support
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ww_mutex}} Wound/Wait mutexes: blocking mutual exclusion locks with deadlock avoidance
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rw_semaphore}} readers–writer semaphores
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|percpu_rw_semaphore}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|completion}} - use completion for synchronization task with ISR and task or two tasks.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_for_completion}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|complete}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#mutex stress-ng --mutex]

💾 ''Historical''
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|semaphore}} - use mutex instead semaphore if possible
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/semaphore.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/rwsem.h}} 


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Completions - “wait for completion” barrier APIs|scheduler/completion.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Mutex API reference|kernel-hacking/locking.html#mutex-api-reference}}
: [http://lwn.net/Articles/23993/ LWN: completion events]

==== per CPU local lock ==== 

On normal preemptible kernel local_lock calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_disable}}.
On RT preemptible kernel local_lock calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|migrate_disable}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|spin_lock}}.
Any changes applied to spinlock_t also apply to local_lock.


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/local_lock.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_lock}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_disable}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_lock_irqsave}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_irq_save}}
:: etc


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|local_lock|locking/locktypes.html#local-lock}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|PREEMPT_RT caveats: spinlock_t, rwlock_t, migrate_disable and local_lock|locking/locktypes.html#spinlock-t-and-rwlock-t}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Proper locking under a preemptive kernel|locking/preempt-locking.html}}
: [https://lwn.net/Articles/828477/ Local locks in the kernel]


==== Spinning locks ====

===== {{w|Spinlock}}s =====

a ''spinlock'' is a lock which causes a thread trying to acquire it to simply wait in a loop (&quot;spin&quot;) while repeatedly checking if the lock is available.
Since the thread remains active but is not performing a useful task, the use of such a lock is a kind of busy waiting.
Once acquired, spinlocks will usually be held until they are explicitly released, although in some implementations they may be automatically released if the thread being waited on (that which holds the lock) blocks, or &quot;goes to sleep&quot;.

Spinlocks are commonly used inside kernels because they are efficient if threads are likely to be blocked for only short periods.
However, spinlocks become wasteful if held for longer durations, as they may prevent other threads from running and require rescheduling.
👁 For example {{The Linux Kernel/id|kobj_kset_join}} uses spinlock to protect assess to the linked list.

Enabling and disabling of kernel preemption replaced spinlocks on uniprocessor systems (disabled {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_SMP}}).
Most spinning locks becoming sleeping locks in the {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT}} kernels.


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/spinlock.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|spinlock_t}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|raw_spinlock_t}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bit_spinlock.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|bit_spin_lock}}


📖 References
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/linux-sync-1.html Introduction to spinlocks] 
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/linux-sync-2.html Queued spinlocks]

===== {{w|Seqlock}}s =====

A ''seqlock'' (short for &quot;sequential lock&quot;) is a special locking mechanism used in Linux for supporting fast writes of shared variables between two parallel operating system routines.
It is a special solution to the readers–writers problem when the number of writers is small.

It is a reader-writer consistent mechanism which avoids the problem of writer starvation.
A {{The Linux Kernel/id|seqlock_t}} consists of storage for saving a sequence counter {{The Linux Kernel/id|seqcount_t}}/seqcount_spinlock_t in addition to a lock.
The lock is to support synchronization between two writers and the counter is for indicating consistency in readers.
In addition to updating the shared data, the writer increments the sequence counter, both after acquiring the lock and before releasing the lock.
Readers read the sequence counter before and after reading the shared data.
If the sequence counter is odd on either occasion, a writer had taken the lock while the data was being read and it may have changed.
If the sequence counters are different, a writer has changed the data while it was being read.
In either case readers simply retry (using a loop) until they read the same even sequence counter before and after.


⚲ API

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|seqlock_t}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_SEQLOCK}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|seqlock_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|read_seqlock_excl}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|write_seqlock}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|seqcount_t}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|seqcount_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|read_seqcount_begin}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|read_seqcount_retry}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|write_seqcount_begin}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|write_seqcount_end}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/seqlock.h}}

👁 Example: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mount_lock}}, defined in {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namespace.c}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Sequence counters and sequential locks|locking/seqlock.html}}
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/linux-sync-6.html SeqLock]

==== Spinning or sleeping locks ====

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! !! normal !! on preempt RT
|-
| spinlock_t, || raw_spinlock_t || rt_mutex_base, rt_spin_lock, sleeping
|-
| rwlock_t || spinning || sleeping
|-
| local_lock || preempt_disable|| migrate_disable, rt_spin_lock, sleeping
|}

==== Low level ====

The compiler might optimize away or reorder writes to variables leading to unexpected behavior
when variables are accessed concurrently by multiple threads.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/rwonce.h}} &amp;ndash; prevent the compiler from merging or refetching reads or writes.
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/compiler.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|barrier}} &amp;ndash; prevents the compiler from reordering instructions around the barrier
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/barrier.h}} &amp;ndash; generic barrier definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h}} &amp;ndash; force strict CPU ordering
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mb}} &amp;ndash; ensures that all memory operations before the barrier are completed before any memory operations after the barrier are started


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Atomics|driver-api/basics.html#atomics}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/atomic.h}} &amp;ndash; atomic operations wrapper
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/atomic.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/atomic/atomic-instrumented.h}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|atomic_dec_and_test}} ...


📚 Further reading

: {{w|Volatile_(computer_programming)#In_C_and_C++|volatile}} &amp;ndash; prevents the compiler from optimizations
: {{w|Memory barrier}} &amp;ndash; enforces an ordering constraint on memory operations

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Lock stress-ng --lockbus]


==== ... ====

⚙️ Locking internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/lockdep.h}} &amp;ndash; runtime locking correctness validator
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/debug_locks.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/locking-selftest.c}} &amp;ndash; locking correctness self-tests
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/locking}} &amp;ndash; locking primitives
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mutex_waiter}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_list}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|wait_queue_head_t}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/locking/locktorture.c}} &amp;ndash; module-based torture test facility for locking


📖 Locking references
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|locking|locking}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Lock types and their rules|locking/locktypes.html}}
::: 😴 {{The Linux Kernel/doc|sleeping locks|locking/locktypes.html#sleeping-locks}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mutex}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|rt_mutex}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|semaphore}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|rw_semaphore}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|ww_mutex}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|percpu_rw_semaphore}}
:::: on preempt RT: local_lock, spinlock_t, rwlock_t
::: 😵‍💫 {{The Linux Kernel/doc|spinning locks|locking/locktypes.html#spinning-locks}}:
:::: raw_spinlock_t, bit spinlocks
:::: on non preempt RT: spinlock_t, rwlock_t
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Unreliable Guide To Locking|kernel-hacking/locking.html}}
: [https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/#synchronization LKMPG: Synchronization]
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/SyncPrim/ Synchronization primitives]


=== Time ===

⚲ UAPI
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/time.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timespec}} &amp;ndash; nanosecond resolution
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timeval}}  &amp;ndash; microsecond resolution
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timezone}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/time_types.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__kernel_timespec}} &amp;ndash; nanosecond resolution, used in syscalls
:: ...

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/delay.h}} &amp;ndash; busy-wait delay functions for timing control
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/clock.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_clock}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/time.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|tm}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_timespec64}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/ktime.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ktime_t}} &amp;ndash; nanosecond scalar representation for kernel time values
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ktime_sub}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/timekeeping.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ktime_get}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|ktime_get_ns}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ktime_get_real}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/time64.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timespec64}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|time64_t}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ns_to_timespec64}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timespec64_sub}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ktime_to_timespec64}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/rtc.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/jiffies.h}}


⚙️ Internals 
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time}} &amp;ndash; timekeeping, timers and clocks
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rdtsc_ordered}} &amp;ndash; cycle-accurate {{w|Time_Stamp_Counter|TSC}} read with serializing barrier, for tracing timekeeping functions where {{The Linux Kernel/id|ktime_get}} would be circular

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Timer stress-ng --timer],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#High --hrtimers]

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ktime accessors|core-api/timekeeping.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Clock sources, Clock events, sched_clock() and delay timers|timers/timekeeping.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Time and timer routines|driver-api/basics.html#time-and-timer-routines}}
: {{w|Year 2038 problem}}

{{:The Linux Kernel/Multitasking/CPU}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ij2kd8ss9hztqwm8zyftym6jn7381c5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Linux Kernel/Memory</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>226983</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641714</id>
      <parentid>4641647</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T14:13:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>LKMPG DMA link, reordered after kernel docs</comment>
      <origin>4641714</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="41288" sha1="1ovv765bhac69ugdg4w930jjc4tl7hh" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:Memory functionality}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

{|style=&quot;width: 25%; float: right; text-align:center;border-spacing: 0; color:black; margin:auto;&quot; cellpadding=5pc
! bgcolor=&quot;#bfd&quot; |memory
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#aed&quot; |[[#Processes|Processes]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#9dd&quot; |[[#Virtual_memory|virtual memory]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#aca&quot; |[[#Memory_mapping|memory mapping]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#acb&quot; | [[#Swap|demand paging and swap]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#8b9&quot; |[[#Logical_memory|logical memory]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#7a7&quot; |[[#Page Allocator|Page Allocator]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#686&quot; |[[#Pages|pages]]
|}
The kernel has full access to the system's memory and allows processes to {{w|Process isolation|safely access}} this memory as they require it.
Often the first step in doing this is {{w|Virtual address space|virtual addressing}}, usually achieved by paging and/or segmentation.
Virtual addressing allows the kernel to make a given {{w|physical address}} appear to be another address, the virtual address.
Virtual address spaces may be different for different processes; the memory that one process accesses at a particular (virtual) address may be different memory from what another process accesses at the same address.
This allows every program to behave as if it is the only one (apart from the kernel) running and thus prevents applications from crashing each other.

On many systems, a program's virtual address may refer to data which is not currently in memory.
The layer of indirection provided by virtual addressing allows the operating system to use other data stores, like a hard drive, to store what would otherwise have to remain in main {{w|random-access memory}} (RAM).
As a result, operating systems can allow programs to use more memory than the system has physically available.
When a program needs data which is not currently in RAM, the {{w|Memory management unit|MMU}} {{w|Page fault|signals}} to the kernel that this has happened, and the kernel responds by writing the contents of an inactive memory block to disk (if necessary) and replacing it with the data requested by the program.
The program can then be resumed from the point where it was stopped.
This scheme is generally known as {{w|demand paging}}.

Virtual addressing also allows creation of virtual partitions of memory in two disjointed areas, one being reserved for the kernel (kernel space) and the other for the applications (user space).
The applications are not permitted by the processor to address kernel memory, thus preventing an application from damaging the running kernel.
This fundamental partition of memory space has contributed much to the current designs of actual general-purpose kernels and is almost universal in such systems, Linux being one of them.


⚲ Shell interface
: cat /proc/meminfo
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|free}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|vmstat}}

{{:The Linux Kernel/Processes}}

== Memory management API ==

: ⚲ {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|brk}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_brk}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_brk_flags}} dynamically changes data segment size of the calling process.
The change is made by resetting the &lt;u&gt;program break&lt;/u&gt; of the process, which determines the maximum space that can be allocated.
The program break is the address of the first location beyond the current end of the data region, and determines the maximum space that can be allocated by the process.
The amount of available space increases as the break value increases.
The added available space is initialized to a value of zero. 
: ⚲ {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mmap}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_mmap_pgoff}} maps files or devices into memory.
It is a method of memory-mapped file I/O.
It naturally implements demand paging, because file contents are not read from disk initially and do not use physical RAM at all.
The actual reads from disk are performed in a &quot;lazy&quot; manner, after a specific location is accessed.
After the memory is no longer needed it is important to {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|munmap}} the pointers to it.
Protection information can be managed using {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mprotect}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_mprotect_pkey}} and special treatment can be enforced using {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|madvise}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_madvise}}.
In Linux, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mmap}} can create several types of mappings, such as ''anonymous mappings'', ''shared mappings'' and ''private mappings''.
Using the &lt;code&gt;MAP_ANONYMOUS&lt;/code&gt; flag &lt;code&gt;mmap()&lt;/code&gt; can map a specific area of the process's virtual memory not backed by any file, whose contents are initialized to zero.

These functions are typically called from a higher-level memory management library function such as C standard library {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|malloc}} or [[w:new and delete (C++)|C++ new operator]].

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/uaccess.h}} &amp;ndash; user-space memory access and validation helpers
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mm.h}} &amp;ndash; memory management declarations and page handling APIs
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/slab.h}} &amp;ndash; memory allocation APIs for slab and kmalloc systems


💾 ''History: Two basic related to memory management system calls &lt;code&gt;brk&lt;/code&gt; and &lt;code&gt;mmap&lt;/code&gt; Linux inherits from Unix.''

''BTW: On Linux, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sbrk}} is not a separate system call, but a C library function that also calls to {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_brk}} and keeps some internal state to return the previous break value.''


📚 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Memory Management APIs|core-api/mm-api.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86_64 Memory Management|x86/x86_64/mm.html}}
: {{w|sbrk}}
: {{w|mmap}}
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/ Memory management]


⚙️ Internals:
: '''{{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_brk}}''' ↯ call hierarchy:
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_brk_flags}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vm_area_alloc}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmem_cache_alloc}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmem_cache_alloc_lru}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Brk stress-ng --brk],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Big --bigheap],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Memory~20 --vm],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Memory~9 --mmap]


== Virtual memory ==

🔧 TODO:

{{w|Virtual memory|Virtually contiguous memory}} on top of physical and [[#Swap|swapped]] memory pages.


🗝️ Acronyms:
: VPFN - Virtual Page Frame Number
: PFN - Physical Page Frame Number
: pgd - Page Directory
: pmd - Page Middle Directory
: pud - Page Upper Directory
: pte - {{w|Page table}} Entry
: VMA - Virtual Memory Area, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|vm_area_struct}}
: TLB - {{w|Translation Lookaside Buffer}}
: MMU - {{w|Memory Management Unit}}


⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/vmalloc.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmalloc}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfree}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cleanup.h}} &amp;ndash; scope-based cleanup helpers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|scoped_guard}}
: /proc/vmallocinfo


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vm_struct}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|virt_to_page}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmalloc_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|find_vma}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/vmalloc.c}} &amp;ndash; virtually contiguous memory allocator


📚 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Virtually Contiguous Mappings|core-api/mm-api.html#virtually-contiguous-mappings}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Page Tables|mm/page_tables.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Scope-based Cleanup Helpers|core-api/cleanup.html}}

== Data types ==

=== Pointers and addresses ===

Kernel-specific address types, in addition to common C pointers.

: &lt;big&gt;unsigned long&lt;/big&gt; &amp;ndash; used to store addresses that are not intended to be dereferenced by the user
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|uintptr_t}} &amp;ndash; to be used in ioctl
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|phys_addr_t}} &amp;ndash; physical address 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_addr_t}} &amp;ndash; DMA address


📚 Further reading
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|(How to avoid) Botching up ioctls|process/botching-up-ioctls.html}}
: [https://unix.org/whitepapers/64bit.html Data Size Neutrality and 64-bit Support]

=== Other types ===

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/types.h}} &amp;ndash; fixed-width and kernel-specific type definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/string.h}} &amp;ndash; standard string manipulation functions
: bit operations
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bitfield.h}} &amp;ndash; defining and extracting bitfield values
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bitops.h}} &amp;ndash; atomic and non-atomic bit manipulation operations
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bitmap.h}} &amp;ndash; bit arrays that consume one or more unsigned longs
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sbitmap.h}} &amp;ndash; fast and scalable bitmaps
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kref.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|acpi/actypes.h}} &amp;ndash; common data types for the entire ACPI subsystem
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/list.h}} &amp;ndash; circular doubly linked list implementation
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|list_head}} &amp;ndash; common double linked list
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|list_add}} ...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/klist.h}} &amp;ndash; some {{The Linux Kernel/id|klist_node}}-&gt;{{The Linux Kernel/id|kref}} helpers
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|klist_add_tail}} ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kobject.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/circ_buf.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kfifo.h}} &amp;ndash; generic kernel FIFO
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kfifo_in}} ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/rbtree.h}} &amp;ndash; Red-black trees
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|rb_node}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/scatterlist.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|scatterlist}}
:: 👁 Example: {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/kfifo/dma-example.c}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/idr.h}} &amp;ndash; ID allocation
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/container_of.h}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|List Management Functions|core-api/kernel-api.html#list-management-functions}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|FIFO Buffer|core-api/kernel-api.html#fifo-buffer}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Data structures and low-level utilities|core-api#data-structures-and-low-level-utilities}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Everything you never wanted to know about kobjects, ksets, and ktypes|core-api/kobject.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Adding reference counters (krefs) to kernel objects|core-api/kref.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Generic Associative Array Implementation|core-api/assoc_array.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|XArray|core-api/xarray.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ID Allocation|core-api/idr.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Circular Buffers|core-api/circular-buffers.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Red-black Trees (rbtree) in Linux|core-api/rbtree.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Generic radix trees/sparse arrays|core-api/generic-radix-tree.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Generic bitfield packing and unpacking functions|core-api/packing.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|How to access I/O mapped memory from within device drivers|core-api/bus-virt-phys-mapping.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|this_cpu operations|core-api/this_cpu_ops.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The errseq_t datatype|core-api/errseq.html}}
📚 Further reading
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/DataStructures/ Data Structures in the Linux Kernel]
: https://kernelnewbies.org/InternalKernelDataTypes

== Memory mapping ==
🔧 TODO


⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mmap}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_mmap_pgoff}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_mmap}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mprotect}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mmap2}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mincore}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mremap}} &amp;ndash; remap virtual memory address
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|msync}} &amp;ndash; synchronize memory-mapped file with storage
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|posix_fadvise}} &amp;ndash; predeclare access pattern for file data
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mm_types.h}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/id|mm_struct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vm_area_struct}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mm.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|remap_pfn_range}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|SetPageReserved}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|ClearPageReserved}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/mmap.c}} &amp;ndash; memory mapping implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/madvise.c}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|madvise}} memory usage hints

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#madvise stress-ng --madvise]

📚 References:
: {{w|mmap}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Maple Tree|core-api/maple_tree.html}}
: [https://linux-kernel-labs.github.io/refs/heads/master/labs/memory_mapping.html Memory mapping, linux-kernel-labs]

=== vDSO ===

{{w|VDSO}} (virtual Dynamic Shared Object) is a kernel-mapped page in every process that allows userspace to call certain system functions (clock_gettime, gettimeofday) without a syscall.
The kernel updates the vDSO data page on every timekeeping tick via {{The Linux Kernel/id|update_vsyscall}}.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|vdso}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|vdso/datapage.h}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/id|vdso_data}}

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/vsyscall.c}} &amp;ndash; vDSO time data updates
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/entry/vdso}} &amp;ndash; x86 vDSO implementation

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|vDSO ABI|admin-guide/abi-stable.html#vdso}}

== Swap ==

🔧 TODO


⚲ API:
: cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|vm_swappiness}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/swap.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|swapon}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_swapon}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|swapoff}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mlock}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_mlock}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|shmctl}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|shmctl_do_lock}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/swapfile.c}} &amp;ndash; swap area management
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/vmscan.c}} &amp;ndash; page reclaim and scanning
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/mlock.c}} &amp;ndash; memory locking
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|VM_LOCKED}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|swap_info_struct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|si_swapinfo}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|swap_info}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|handle_pte_fault}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_swap_page}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wakeup_kswapd}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|kswapd}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/readahead.c}} &amp;ndash; page readahead for sequential file access
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/zswap.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/zswap.c}} &amp;ndash; compressed swap cache

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#mlock stress-ng --mlock]

📚 References:
: {{w|Memory_paging#Linux|Memory paging}}
: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/swap

== Logical memory ==

⚲ {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmalloc}} is the normal method of allocating memory in the kernel for objects smaller than the page size.
It is defined in {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/slab.h}}.
The first argument ''size'' is the size (in bytes) of the block of memory to be allocated.
The second argument ''flags'' are the allocation flags or ''GFP flags'', a set of macros that the caller provides to control the type of requested memory.
The most commonly used values for ''flags'' are GFP_KERNEL and GFP_ATOMIC, but there is more to be considered. 

Memory-allocation requests in the kernel are always qualified by a set of ''GFP flags'' (&quot;GFP&quot; initially came from &quot;get free page&quot;) describing what can and cannot be done to satisfy the request.
The most commonly used flags are GFP_ATOMIC and GFP_KERNEL, though they are actually built up from lower-level flags.
The full set of flags is huge; they can be found in the {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/gfp.h}} header file.


⚲ API:
:  ↯ {{w|RAII}} allocation functions hierarchy from {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device.h}}:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_kcalloc}} - zeroed array 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_kmalloc_array}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_kmalloc}} - common allocation
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_kzalloc}} - zeroed allocation
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_kmalloc}} - common allocation
: Classic direct API:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/slab.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmalloc}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|kfree}}


=== Slab allocation ===
{{w|Slab allocation}} is a memory management algorithm intended for the efficient memory allocation of kernel objects. It eliminates fragmentation caused by allocations and deallocations. The technique is used to retain allocated memory that contains a data object of a certain type for reuse upon subsequent allocations of objects of the same type. 


''' Basics '''

''This section is about the SLUB allocator implementation''

A slab can be thought of as an array of objects of certain type or with the same size, spanning through one or more contiguous pages of memory; for example, the slab named &quot;task_struct&quot; holds objects of &lt;code&gt;struct task_struct&lt;/code&gt; type, used by the scheduling subsystem.
Other slabs store objects used by other subsystems, and there is also slabs for dynamic allocations inside the kernel, such as the &quot;kmalloc-64&quot; slab that holds up to 64-byte chunks requested via kmalloc() calls.
In a slab, each object can be allocated and freed separately.

The primary motivation for slab allocation is that the initialization and destruction of kernel data objects can actually outweigh the cost of allocating memory for them.
As object creation and deletion are widely employed by the kernel, overhead costs of initialization can result in significant performance drops.
The notion of object caching was therefore introduced in order to avoid the invocation of functions used to initialize object state.

With slab allocation, memory chunks suitable to fit data objects of certain type or size are preallocated.
The slab allocator keeps track of these chunks, known as caches {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmalloc_caches}},
so that when a request to allocate memory for a data object of a certain type is received, it can instantly satisfy the request with an already allocated slot via {{The Linux Kernel/id|slab_alloc_node}}.

Deallocation of the object with {{The Linux Kernel/id|kfree}} does not free up the memory,
but only opens a slot which is returned to the slab allocator's free list.
The next call to allocate memory of the same size will return the now unused memory slot.
See {{The Linux Kernel/id|slab_alloc_node}}/{{The Linux Kernel/id|__slab_alloc_node}}/{{The Linux Kernel/id|___slab_alloc}}.
This process eliminates the need to search for suitable memory space and greatly alleviates memory fragmentation.
In this context, a slab is one or more contiguous pages in the memory containing pre-allocated memory chunks.

Slab allocation provides a kind of front-end to the zoned buddy allocator for those sections of the kernel that require more flexible memory allocation than the standard 4KB page size.


⚲ Interface:
: sudo cat /proc/slabinfo
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/slab.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmem_cache_alloc}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmem_cache_free}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|slabtop}}


⚙️ Internals: 
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/slab_common.c}} &amp;ndash; slab allocator common code
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mm_init}} is called from {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmem_cache_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|create_kmalloc_caches}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kasan_slab_alloc}}


''' SLUB allocator ''' &amp;ndash; default Unqueued allocator

{{w|SLUB (software)|SLUB}} is the iteration of the original SLAB allocator that replaced it and became the Linux default allocator since 2.6.23. 

⚙️ Internals: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/slub.c}}


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_SLUB}}


💾 ''Historical: SLOB (Simple List Of Blocks) allocator for embedded devices was removed in kernel 6.4.''
''SLAB allocator, the original slab allocation implementation based on Jeff Bonwick's 1994 paper, was removed in kernel 6.8.''
''SLUB is now the only slab allocator in the kernel.''


&lt;hr&gt;


''' Per-CPU allocator '''
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/percpu.c}} &amp;ndash; per-CPU memory areas, used by slab and counters

📚 References for Slab allocation:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|KASAN - KernelAddressSANitizer|dev-tools/kasan.html}} - dynamic memory safety error detector designed to find out-of-bound and use-after-free bugs
: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h0VMLXavx30 &lt;nowiki&gt;Video &quot;SL[AUO]B: Kernel memory allocator design and philosophy&quot;&lt;/nowiki&gt;] Christopher Lameter (Linux.conf.au 2015 conference) [http://lca2015.linux.org.au/slides/167/slaballocators-auckland-2015.pdf Slides]

=== Page Allocator ===
The page allocator (or &quot;zoned buddy allocator&quot;) is a low-level allocator that deals with physical memory.
It delivers physical pages (usually with a size of 4096 bytes) of free memory to high-level memory consumers such as the slab allocators and &lt;code&gt;kmalloc()&lt;/code&gt;.
As the ultimate source of memory in the system, the page allocator must ensure that memory is always available, since a failure providing memory to a critical kernel subsystem can lead to a general system failure or a kernel panic.

The page allocator divides physical memory into &quot;zones&quot;, each of which corresponds to {{The Linux Kernel/id|zone_type}} with specific characteristics.
ZONE_DMA contains memory at the bottom of the address range for use by severely challenged devices, for example, while {{The Linux Kernel/id|ZONE_NORMAL}} may contain most memory on the system. 32-bit systems have a ZONE_HIGHMEM for memory that is not directly mapped into the kernel's address space.
Depending on the characteristics of any given allocation request, the page allocator will search the available zones in a specific priority order.
For the curious, &lt;code&gt;/proc/zoneinfo&lt;/code&gt; gives a lot of information about the zones in use on any given system.

Within a zone, memory is grouped into ''page blocks'', each of which can be marked with a ''migration type'' - {{The Linux Kernel/id|migratetype}} describing how the block should be allocated.


⚲ API:
: cat /proc/buddyinfo
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/gfp.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mmzone.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_page}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_get_free_pages}} - {{w|RAII}} function, ↯ hierarchy of it:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__get_free_pages}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_pages}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_pages_node}}
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__alloc_pages}} - the 'heart' of the zoned buddy allocator

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|build_all_zonelists}} is called from {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_kernel}},  ↯ call hierarchy:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|build_all_zonelists_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__build_all_zonelists}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|build_zonelists}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__alloc_pages}} - the 'heart' of the zoned buddy allocator
: struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|zone}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|free_area}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/mmzone.c}} &amp;ndash; memory zone helpers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/page_alloc.c}} &amp;ndash; buddy page allocator


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Get Free Page flags|core-api/memory-allocation.html}}
: {{w|Buddy memory allocation}}
: {{w|Page replacement algorithm}}

=== OOM killer ===
The {{w|Out of memory|Out-Of-Memory}} killer is invoked when the kernel cannot satisfy a memory allocation and all reclaim attempts have failed.
It selects a process to kill based on a badness score to free memory and keep the system running.

⚲ API:
: /proc/$pid/oom_score &amp;ndash; current badness score
: /proc/$pid/oom_score_adj &amp;ndash; adjust score (-1000 to 1000)
: /proc/$pid/oom_adj &amp;ndash; deprecated, use oom_score_adj
: /proc/sys/vm/panic_on_oom


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/oom_kill.c}} &amp;ndash; out-of-memory killer
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|out_of_memory}} &amp;ndash; main entry point
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|oom_badness}} &amp;ndash; calculates badness score
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|oom_kill_process}}


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|OOM|admin-guide/sysctl/vm.html}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Large stress-ng --oom-pipe]

=== Memory cgroup controller ===
The memory cgroup controller limits and accounts memory usage per group of processes.
It can set hard and soft limits, trigger per-cgroup OOM, and track swap usage.

⚲ API:
: memory.max &amp;ndash; hard memory limit
: memory.high &amp;ndash; throttling threshold
: memory.current &amp;ndash; current usage
: memory.swap.max &amp;ndash; swap limit
: See [[../System/CGroup v2#Memory|CGroup v2 Memory controller]] for full interface


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/memcontrol.c}} &amp;ndash; memory cgroup controller
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mem_cgroup}} &amp;ndash; main structure
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mem_cgroup_charge}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mem_cgroup_oom}}


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Memory Resource Controller|admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#memory}}

=== tmpfs/shmem ===
{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/shmem_fs.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/shmem.c}} &amp;ndash; {{w|tmpfs}} virtual memory filesystem, also backs POSIX shared memory and {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|memfd_create}}.

=== KSM ===
{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/ksm.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/ksm.c}} &amp;ndash; Kernel Same-page Merging, deduplicates identical anonymous pages, used by {{w|Kernel-based Virtual Machine|KVM}}. {{The Linux Kernel/doc|KSM|admin-guide/mm/ksm.html}}

=== userfaultfd ===
{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|userfaultfd}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/userfaultfd.c}} &amp;ndash; handles page faults in user space, used for VM live migration. {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Userfaultfd|admin-guide/mm/userfaultfd.html}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#userfaultfd stress-ng --userfaultfd]

=== DAMON ===
Data Access MONitor (since 5.15) provides kernel-level data access pattern monitoring.
It can be used for memory management optimization and profiling.

⚲ API:
: /sys/kernel/mm/damon/
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/damon.h}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/damon}} &amp;ndash; DAMON core and operation schemes

📖 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|DAMON|mm/damon}}


&lt;hr&gt;
📚 References for logical memory:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Memory Allocation Guide|core-api/memory-allocation.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Selecting memory allocator|core-api/memory-allocation.html#selecting-memory-allocator}}

== Physical memory ==

=== Memory Layout ===
A 32-bit processor can address a maximum of 4GB of memory.
Linux kernels split the 4GB address space between user processes and the kernel; under the most common configuration, the first 3GB of the 32-bit range are given over to user space, and the kernel gets the final 1GB starting at 0xc0000000.
Sharing the address space gives a number of performance benefits; in particular, the hardware's address translation buffer can be shared between the kernel and user space.

In '''x86-64''' - {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_X86_64}} with 4-level page tables ({{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL}}=n), only the least significant 48&amp;nbsp;bits of a virtual memory address would actually be used in address translation (page table lookup).
The remainder bits 48 through 63 of any virtual address must be copies of bit 47, or the processor will raise an exception.
Addresses complying with this rule are referred to as &quot;canonical form.&quot; Canonical form addresses run from 0 through 00007FFF'FFFFFFFF, and from FFFF8000'00000000 through FFFFFFFF'FFFFFFFF, for a total of 256&amp;nbsp;TB of usable {{w|virtual address space}}.
This is still approximately 64,000 times the virtual address space on 32-bit machines.

Linux takes the higher-addressed half of the address space for itself (kernel space) and leaves the lower-addressed half for user space.
The &quot;canonical address&quot; design has, in effect, two memory halves: the lower half starts at 00000000'00000000 and &quot;grows upwards&quot; as more virtual address bits become available, while the higher half is &quot;docked&quot; to the top of the address space and grows downwards.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot;
|+
!Start addr
!class=unsortable|Offset
!End addr
!class=unsortable|Size
!class=unsortable|VM area description
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;0000'&lt;/small&gt;'''8'''&lt;small&gt;000'0000'0000&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| +128 TB
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;ffff'7fff'ffff'ffff&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|  
| ... huge, almost 64 bits wide hole of non-canonical   virtual memory addresses up to the -128 TB starting offset of kernel mappings.
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;0000'0000'0000'0000&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|0
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;0000'7fff'ffff'ffff&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
|128&amp;nbsp;TB=2&lt;sup&gt;47&lt;/sup&gt;
|user-space virtual memory, different per mm
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;ffff'ffff'ffe0'0000&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| -2 MB
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;ffff'ffff'ffff'ffff&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| 2 MB=2&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt;
|... unused hole
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;ffff'ffff'ff60'0000&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| -10 MB
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;ffff'ffff'ff60'0fff&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| 4 kB=2&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt;
| {{The Linux Kernel/id|VSYSCALL_ADDR}} - legacy vsyscall ABI
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;ffff'ffff'8000'0000&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| -2 GB
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;ffff'ffff'9fff'ffff&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| 512&amp;nbsp;MB=2&lt;sup&gt;29&lt;/sup&gt;
| kernel text mapping, mapped to physical address 0
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;ffff'8880'0000'0000&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| -119.5&amp;nbsp;TB
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;ffff'c87f'ffff'ffff&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| 64&amp;nbsp;TB
| {{The Linux Kernel/id|page_offset_base}} = {{The Linux Kernel/id|__PAGE_OFFSET_BASE_L4}} - direct mapping of all physical memory 
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;ffff'8000'0000'0000&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| -128 TB
| &lt;code&gt;&lt;small&gt;ffff'87ff'ffff'ffff&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/code&gt;
| 8&amp;nbsp;TB
| ... guard hole, also reserved for hypervisor
|}


[[File:Linux_Virtual_Memory_Layout_64bit.svg|border|center|x86-64 memory layout]]


⚲ API: 
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|setarch}} --addr-no-randomize cat /proc/self/maps


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/page_64_types.h}} &amp;ndash; x86-64 page type definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/mm/init_64.c}} &amp;ndash; x86-64 memory initialization


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|X86_64 memory map|x86/x86_64/mm.html}}
: {{w|Address_space_layout_randomization#Linux|Address space layout randomization}}

=== Pages ===
In Linux, different architectures have different page sizes.
The original &amp;mdash;for x86 architecture&amp;mdash; and still most commonly used page size is 4096 bytes (4 KB).
The page size (in bytes) of the current architecture is defined by the &lt;code&gt;PAGE_SIZE&lt;/code&gt; macro included in {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/page_types.h}} header file.
User space programs can get this value using the {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getpagesize}} library function.
Another related macro is &lt;code&gt;PAGE_SHIFT&lt;/code&gt;, that contains the number of bits to shift an address to get its page number &amp;mdash;12 bits for 4K pages.

One of the most fundamental kernel data structures relating memory-management is &lt;code&gt;struct page&lt;/code&gt;.
The kernel keeps track of the status of every page of physical memory present in the system using variables of this type.
There are millions of pages in a modern system, and therefore there are millions of these structures in memory.

The full definition of &lt;code&gt;struct page&lt;/code&gt; can be found in {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mm_types.h}}.

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/memory.c}} &amp;ndash; page fault handling and page table operations ({{The Linux Kernel/id|handle_mm_fault}})
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/rmap.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/rmap.c}} &amp;ndash; reverse mapping, virtual-to-physical tracking for page reclaim
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/compaction.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/compaction.c}} &amp;ndash; memory compaction, reduces fragmentation
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/memblock.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/memblock.c}} &amp;ndash; early boot memory allocator, before buddy is available
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/highmem.h}} &amp;ndash; page content access and manipulation
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/tlb.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/mmu_gather.c}} &amp;ndash; TLB flush and page table teardown batching

: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Theory/linux-theory-1.html Pages]

=== NUMA ===
In {{w|Non-uniform memory access}} systems, physical memory is divided into nodes, each local to a group of CPUs.
Accessing local memory is faster than remote memory, so the kernel tries to allocate memory from the node closest to the requesting CPU.
Each node contains its own set of zones (DMA, Normal, etc.).

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|numactl}} &amp;ndash; controls NUMA policy for processes or shared memory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|set_mempolicy}} &amp;ndash; set default NUMA memory policy
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mbind}} &amp;ndash; set NUMA memory policy for a memory range
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|get_mempolicy}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|migrate_pages}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|move_pages}}
: cat /proc/buddyinfo
: /sys/devices/system/node/
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/topology.h}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_to_node}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|numa_node_id}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mempolicy.h}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_NUMA}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pglist_data}} (pg_data_t) &amp;ndash; per-node memory descriptor, contains zones @ {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mmzone.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|numa_node_id}} &amp;ndash; returns NUMA node of current CPU
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/numa.c}} &amp;ndash; NUMA node data allocation during boot
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/mempolicy.c}} &amp;ndash; NUMA memory allocation policies
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/migrate.c}} &amp;ndash; page migration between nodes
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/memory-tiers.c}} &amp;ndash; memory tiering (DRAM, PMEM, HBM)
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/numa_memblks.c}} &amp;ndash; memory block and distance setup


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NUMA Memory Policy|admin-guide/mm/numa_memory_policy.html}}
: {{w|Non-uniform memory access}}
: See also [[../Multitasking/CPU#SMP|SMP section]] for NUMA topology and CPU aspects

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#numa stress-ng --numa]

=== Huge pages ===
{{w|Huge pages}} use larger page sizes (2 MB or 1 GB on x86-64) to reduce TLB misses and page table overhead for memory-intensive workloads.


==== HugeTLB ====
HugeTLB provides explicitly allocated persistent huge pages, reserved at boot or runtime.

⚲ API:
: cat /proc/meminfo | grep Huge
: cat /proc/sys/vm/nr_hugepages
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mmap}} with MAP_HUGETLB
: mount -t hugetlbfs nodev /dev/hugepages
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hugetlb.h}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/hugetlb.c}} &amp;ndash; HugeTLB huge page allocator
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hugetlb_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hugetlb_fault}}


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|HugeTLB Pages|admin-guide/mm/hugetlbpage.html}}


==== Transparent Huge Pages ====
THP automatically promotes regular pages to huge pages without application changes (since 2.6.38).

⚲ API:
: cat /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|madvise}} with MADV_HUGEPAGE
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/huge_mm.h}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/huge_memory.c}} &amp;ndash; transparent huge page support
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|khugepaged}} &amp;ndash; daemon that collapses pages into huge pages
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/khugepaged.c}} &amp;ndash; THP collapse daemon


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Transparent Hugepage Support|admin-guide/mm/transhuge.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Concepts overview|admin-guide/mm/concepts.html}}

=== TLB ===

{{w|Translation lookaside buffer}} is a hardware cache of virtual-to-physical address translations.
The kernel must flush TLB entries when page table mappings change.
On SMP, this requires {{w|Inter-processor interrupt|IPI}}s to other CPUs (TLB shootdowns), which can impact real-time latency on isolated CPUs.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/tlb.h}} &amp;ndash; generic TLB flush batching
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|flush_tlb_all}} &amp;ndash; flush entire TLB on all CPUs via IPI (TLB shootdown)
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__flush_tlb_all}} &amp;ndash; local CPU only, no IPI, calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|__flush_tlb_global}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|flush_tlb_mm}} &amp;ndash; flush TLB for a specific address space
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|flush_tlb_page}} &amp;ndash; flush single page from TLB
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|flush_tlb_range}} &amp;ndash; flush a range of user pages for a VMA
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|flush_tlb_kernel_range}} &amp;ndash; flush kernel mappings on all CPUs
: /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/events/tlb/tlb_flush/

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/mm/tlb.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 TLB flush implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/mmu_gather.c}} &amp;ndash; TLB flush batching

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|TLB|arch/x86/tlb.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Cache and TLB Flushing Under Linux|core-api/cachetlb.html}}

=== CMA ===
The Contiguous Memory Allocator (CMA) reserves a region of memory at boot for large physically contiguous allocations needed by DMA devices, GPUs and multimedia hardware (since 3.5).
Unused CMA memory is available to the page allocator for movable pages.

⚲ API:
: cat /proc/meminfo | grep Cma
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cma.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_alloc_contiguous}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CMA}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/cma.c}} &amp;ndash; contiguous memory allocator core
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/dma/contiguous.c}} &amp;ndash; DMA-CMA integration
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/cma_debug.c}} &amp;ndash; debugfs interface
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cma_alloc}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cma_release}}


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Contiguous Memory Allocator|mm/cma.html}}

=== DMA ===

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_addr_t}} - bus address
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dma-mapping.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_alloc_coherent}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_alloc_pages}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|pin_user_pages}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_map_single}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_data_direction}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_map_sg}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|scatterlist}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_set_mask}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_set_coherent_mask}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_set_mask_and_coherent}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_sync_single_for_cpu}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_sync_single_for_device}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/gfp.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dmapool.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dma_pool_create}}
: DMA-able memory:  {{The Linux Kernel/id|__get_free_page}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmalloc}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|kmem_cache_alloc}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_user_pages}} pins user pages in memory, 


👁 Examples:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/kfifo/dma-example.c}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|e1000_alloc_rx_buffers}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|e1000_alloc_ring_dma}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/dma}} &amp;ndash; DMA subsystem core
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/dmapool.c}} &amp;ndash; small DMA-coherent allocations
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/gup.c}} &amp;ndash; get/pin user pages
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/dma/mapping.c}} &amp;ndash; arch-independent DMA mapping


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Dynamic DMA mapping Guide|core-api/dma-api-howto.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Dynamic DMA mapping using the generic device|core-api/dma-api.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|pin_user_pages() and related calls|core-api/pin_user_pages.html}}
: [https://lwn.net/Articles/787636/ LWM: get_user_pages, pinned pages, and DAX]
: [https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/#dma-and-mmap LKMPG: DMA and mmap]

💾 ''Historical:''
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch15.pdf LDD3:Memory Mapping and DMA]
: http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch13.html mmap and DMA

: SAC &amp;ndash; Single Address Cycle, 32-bit DMA addressing (up to 4 GB)
: DAC &amp;ndash; Dual Address Cycle, 64-bit DMA addressing


==== DMAEngine ====
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dmaengine.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/dma}} &amp;ndash; DMA engine drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|driver-api/dmaengine}}
: https://bootlin.com/pub/conferences/2015/elc/ripard-dmaengine/


== ... ==

📚 References for the article:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux Memory Management Documentation|mm/}}
: [https://www.ryadel.com/en/linux-memory-management-mechanism-analysis-kernel/ Analysis of Linux Memory Management Mechanism]
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/MM/ Memory management]
: http://linux-mm.org/LinuxMM
: http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/KernelAnalysis-HOWTO-7.html
: [https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Memory_management Memory management, lwn]


{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>1ovv765bhac69ugdg4w930jjc4tl7hh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Linux Kernel/Storage</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>226984</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641673</id>
      <parentid>4641646</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T12:08:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>NVMe and SCSI doc references</comment>
      <origin>4641673</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38278" sha1="iqrss7dwjy2kupeolor8i1ibrda06cd" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:Storage functionality}}


{|style=&quot;width: 25%; float: right; text-align:center;border-spacing: 0; color:black; margin:auto;&quot; cellpadding=5pc
! bgcolor=#cef | storage
|-style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=#aef | [[#Files_and_directories|files &amp; directories access]]
|-style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=#8df | [[#Virtual File System|Virtual File System]]
|-style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=#8ce |[[#Page_cache|page cache]]
|-style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=#7ac |[[#Logical file systems|logical file systems]]
|-style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=#69a |[[#Block_device_layer|block devices]]
|-style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=#689 |[[#Storage_drivers|storage drivers]]
|}
Storage functionality provides access to various storage devices via files and directories of files.
Most of the storage is persistent as flash memory, SSD and legacy hard disks.
Another kind of storage is temporary.
The ''file system'' provides an abstraction to organize the information into separate pieces of data (called ''files'') identified by a unique name.
Each file system type defines their own structures and logic rules used to manage these groups of information and their names.
Linux supports a plethora of different file system types, local and remote, native and from other operating systems.
To accommodate such disparity the kernel defines a common top layer, the ''virtual file system'' (VFS) layer.


[[File:The Linux Storage Stack Diagram.svg|Summary of the Linux kernel's storage stack|right|800x800px]]

== Files and directories ==

Four basic files access system calls:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|open}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sys_open}} - opens a file by name and returns a {{w|file descriptor}} (&lt;big&gt;fd&lt;/big&gt;). Below functions operates on a fd.
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|close}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|close_fd}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|read}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_read}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|write}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_write}}

File in Linux and UNIX is not only physical file on persistent storage.
File interface is used to access pipes, sockets and other pseudo-files.

Other file operations:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|lseek}} &amp;ndash; reposition read/write file offset
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|dup}} &amp;ndash; duplicate a file descriptor
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} &amp;ndash; manipulate file descriptor
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|truncate}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ftruncate}} &amp;ndash; truncate a file
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fallocate}} &amp;ndash; preallocate file space
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|readahead}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/readahead.c}} &amp;ndash; prefetch file data into page cache

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dopen stress-ng --open],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dclose --close],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dfallocate --fallocate]

Directory operations:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mkdir}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|rmdir}} &amp;ndash; create/remove directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getcwd}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_getcwd}} &amp;ndash; get current working directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|chdir}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_chdir}} &amp;ndash; change working directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|readdir}} ⇾ {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getdents}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|path_resolution}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Ddentry stress-ng --dentry],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Ddir --dir]

Name operations:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|rename}} &amp;ndash; rename a file or directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|unlink}} &amp;ndash; delete a name from the filesystem
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|readlink}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|symlink}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|link}}


⚙️ Files and directories internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/fs.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/open.c}} &amp;ndash; open, close and related file operations
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/namei.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namei.c}} &amp;ndash; pathname lookup and resolution
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/read_write.c}} &amp;ndash; read, write and lseek operations
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/xattr.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/xattr.c}} &amp;ndash; extended attributes
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/notify}} &amp;ndash; filesystem event notification
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|inotify_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|inotify_add_watch}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|inotify_rm_watch}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|inotify}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fanotify_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fanotify_mark}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|fanotify}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dinotify stress-ng --inotify]


📚 Files and directories references
: [https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/I_002fO-Overview.html Input/Output, The GNU C Library]
: [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-3.html VFS in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals]
: {{w|Unix file types}}


=== File locks ===

File locks are mechanisms that allow processes to coordinate access to shared files.
These locks help prevent conflicts when multiple processes or threads attempt to access the same file simultaneously.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|lslocks}} &amp;ndash; list local system locks
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|lockf}} &amp;ndash; apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|flock}} &amp;ndash; apply or remove an advisory BSD lock on an open file
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} &amp;ndash; manipulate file descriptor
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_SETLK}} &amp;ndash; advisory record lock
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_OFD_SETLK}} &amp;ndash; Open File Description Lock
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|flock}} &amp;ndash; lock parameters
: ⚠️ Avoid mixing flock and fcntl locks on the same file as they don’t interact with each other.


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/filelock.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/locks.c}} &amp;ndash; POSIX and flock file locking
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/filelock.h}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dflock stress-ng --flock]

💾 ''Historical: [https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.14/K/ident/CONFIG_MANDATORY_FILE_LOCKING Mandatory locking] feature is no longer supported at all in Linux 5.15 and above because the implementation is unreliable.''

=== Asynchronous I/O ===

🚀 advanced features

'''AIO'''

: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Asynchronous_IO
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_submit}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_setup}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_cancel}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_destroy}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_getevents}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/aio_abi.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/aio.c}} &amp;ndash; async I/O implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|io/aio}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Daio stress-ng --aio]

'''{{w|io_uring}}'''

🌱 ''New since release 5.1 in May 2019''


: https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/an-introduction-to-the-io_uring-asynchronous-io-framework
: https://thenewstack.io/how-io_uring-and-ebpf-will-revolutionize-programming-in-linux/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_enter}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_setup}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_register}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/io_uring.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/io_uring.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|io_uring}}
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#io_uring
::  [https://lwn.net/Articles/779472/ io_uring, SCM_RIGHTS, and reference-count cycles] 
::  [https://lwn.net/Articles/810414/ The rapid growth of io_uring] 
::  [https://lwn.net/Articles/815491/ Automatic buffer selection for io_uring] 
::  [https://lwn.net/Articles/826053/ Operations restrictions for io_uring] 
::  [https://lwn.net/Articles/779472/ io_uring, SCM_RIGHTS, and reference-count cycles] 
::  [https://lwn.net/Articles/803070/ Redesigned workqueues for io_uring]
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|io_uring}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dio%2During stress-ng --io-uring]

=== {{w|Asynchronous_I/O#Forms|Non-blocking I/O}} ===

Allow non-blocking access to multiple file descriptors. 

'''Efficient event polling {{w|epoll}}'''


⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/eventpoll.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|epoll}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_create}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_create}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_ctl}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_ctl}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_wait}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_wait}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/eventpoll.c}} &amp;ndash; efficient event polling (epoll)


'''{{w|Select (Unix)|select}} and {{w|poll (Unix)|poll}}'''

💾 ''Historical: Select and poll system calls are derived from UNIX''


⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|poll}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sys_poll}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|select}}  ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|kern_select}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/select.c}} &amp;ndash; select and poll implementation

=== Vectored I/O ===

🚀 advanced feature

{{w|Vectored I/O}}, also known as scatter/gather I/O, is a method of input and output by which a single procedure call sequentially reads data from multiple buffers and writes it to a single data stream, or reads data from a data stream and writes it to multiple buffers, as defined in a  vector of buffers. Scatter/gather refers to the process of gathering data from, or scattering data into, the given set of buffers. Vectored I/O can operate synchronously or asynchronously. The main reasons for using vectored I/O are efficiency and convenience.


⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/uio.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/uio.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|iovec}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|readv}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_readv}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|writev}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_writev}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|iov_iter}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_readv}} ↯ call hierarchy:
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_readv}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|import_iovec}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_file_read_iter}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/iov_iter.c}} &amp;ndash; I/O vector iterator operations


=== ... ===

📖 References
: [https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Scatter_002dGather.html Fast Scatter-Gather I/O, The GNU C Library]
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Vectored_IO
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Scattergather_chaining


📚 Further reading
: https://deepwiki.com/torvalds/linux/4-filesystems

== Virtual File System ==

The {{w|virtual file system}} (VFS) is an abstract layer on top of a concrete logical file system.
The purpose of a VFS is to allow client applications to access different types of logical file systems in a uniform way.
A VFS can, for example, be used to access local and [[../Networking#Network_storage|network storage]] devices transparently without the client application noticing the difference.
It can be used to bridge the differences in Windows, classic Mac OS/macOS and Unix filesystems, so that applications can access files on local file systems of those types without having to know what type of file system they are accessing.
A VFS specifies an interface (or a &quot;contract&quot;) between the kernel and a logical file system.
Therefore, it is easy to add support for new file system types to the kernel simply by fulfilling the contract.

🔧 TODO: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfsmount}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_create}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_read}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_write}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/inode.c}} &amp;ndash; inode allocation and management
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dcache.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/dcache.c}} &amp;ndash; dentry cache, pathname-to-inode lookup
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/super.c}} &amp;ndash; superblock operations, filesystem mount/unmount
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/file.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/file.c}} &amp;ndash; file table, fd allocation
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mount.h}} &amp;ndash; filesystem mount structures
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/fs_context.h}} &amp;ndash; filesystem mount context (replaces old mount API)
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/readdir.c}} &amp;ndash; directory listing (getdents)

📚 VFS References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|VFS|filesystems/#core-vfs-documentation}}
: [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-3.html VFS in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals]


== Logical file systems ==

A {{w|file system}} (or ''filesystem'') is used to control how data is stored and retrieved.
Without a file system, information placed in a storage area would be one large body of data with no way to tell where one piece of information stops and the next begins.
By separating the data into individual pieces, and giving each piece a name, the information is easily separated and identified.
Each group of data is called a &quot;file&quot;.
The structure and logic rules used to manage the groups of information and their names is called a &quot;file system&quot;.

There are many different kinds of file systems.
Each one has different structure and logic, properties of speed, flexibility, security, size and more.
Some file systems have been designed to be used for specific applications.
For example, the ISO 9660 file system is designed specifically for optical discs.

File systems can be used on many different kinds of storage devices.
Each storage device uses a different kind of media.
The most common storage device in use today is a {{w|SSD}}.
Other media that was used are hard disk, magnetic tape and optical disc.
In some cases, the computer's main memory (RAM) is used to create a temporary file system for short-term use.
Raw storage is called a block device.

Linux supports many different file systems, but common choices for the system disk on a block device include the ext* family (such as {{w|ext2}}, {{w|ext3}} and {{w|ext4}}), {{w|XFS}}, {{w|ReiserFS}} and {{w|btrfs}}.
For raw Flash without a {{w|flash translation layer}} (FTL) or {{w|Memory Technology Device}} (MTD), there is {{w|UBIFS}}, {{w|JFFS2}}, and {{w|YAFFS}}, among others. {{w|SquashFS}} is a common compressed read-only file system.
NFS and other network FS are described further in paragraph [[../Networking#Network_storage|Network storage]].


⚲ Shell interfaces:
: cat /proc/filesystems
: ls /sys/fs/
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|mount}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|umount}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|findmnt}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|mountpoint}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|df}}


Infrastructure ⚲ API function {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_filesystem}} registers structs {{The Linux Kernel/id|file_system_type}} and stores them in linked list ⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|file_systems}}.
Function {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_init_fs}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_fs_type}}.
Operation of ''file system opening'' is called mounting: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_get_tree}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; mount and namespace operations
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mount}}
:::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_mount}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/buffer_head.h}}
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|super_block}}
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|sb_bread}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs}} &amp;ndash; filesystem implementations
::  {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/ext4/ext4.h}} &amp;ndash; ext4 on-disk format and internal structures
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_sb_bread}}


Other notable filesystems:
: {{w|FUSE (filesystem)|FUSE}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/fuse}} &amp;ndash; filesystem in userspace
: {{w|OverlayFS}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/overlayfs}} &amp;ndash; union mount filesystem, used by containers
: {{w|Btrfs}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/btrfs}}
: {{w|XFS}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/xfs}}


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|filesystems|filesystems/#filesystems}}

== Page cache ==
A page cache or disk cache is a transparent cache for the memory pages originating from a secondary storage device such as a hard disk drive.
The operating system keeps a page cache in otherwise unused portions of the main memory, resulting in quicker access to the contents of cached pages and overall performance improvements.
The page cache is implemented by the kernel, and is mostly transparent to applications.

Usually, all physical memory not directly allocated to applications is used by the operating system for the page cache.
Since the memory would otherwise be idle and is easily reclaimed when applications request it, there is generally no associated performance penalty and the operating system might even report such memory as &quot;free&quot; or &quot;available&quot;.
The page cache also aids in writing to a disk.
Pages in the main memory that have been modified during writing data to disk are marked as &quot;dirty&quot; and have to be flushed to disk before they can be freed.
When a file write occurs, the page backing the particular block is looked up.
If it is already found in the page cache, the write is done to that page in the main memory.
Otherwise, when the write perfectly falls on page size boundaries, the page is not even read from disk, but allocated and immediately marked dirty.
Otherwise, the page(s) are fetched from disk and requested modifications are done.

Not all cached pages can be written to as program code is often mapped as read-only or copy-on-write; in the latter case, modifications to code will only be visible to the process itself and will not be written to disk.


⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fsync}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_fsync}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sync_file_range}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_sync_file_range}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syncfs}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sync_filesystem}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sync}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_sync}} &amp;ndash; flush all filesystem caches to disk

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pagemap.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/filemap.c}} &amp;ndash; page cache core, read/write/mmap paths
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/buffer_head.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/buffer.c}} &amp;ndash; buffer heads, block-level page cache interface
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/writeback.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/page-writeback.c}} &amp;ndash; dirty page writeback throttling
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|address_space}} &amp;ndash; per-inode page cache, defined in {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/fs.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/backing-dev.h}} &amp;ndash; backing device info, writeback bandwidth
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wb_workfn}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_writepages}}

📚 References
: {{w|Page cache}}


More
: [https://lwn.net/Articles/717953/ The future of DAX ] - direct access bypassing the cache
: [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-4.html Linux Page Cache in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals]

== Zero-copy ==

🚀 advanced features

Writing data to storage and reading are very resource consuming operations.
Copying memory is time and CPU consuming operation too.
Set of methods to avoid copying operations is called {{w|zero-copy}}.
The goal of zero-copy methods is a fast and efficient data transfer within the system.

The first and simplest method is {{w|Pipeline (Unix)|Pipeline}}, invoked by operator &quot;|&quot; in shells.
Instead of writing data into temporary file and reading, the data is passed efficiently via a pipe bypassing a storage.
The second method is {{w|Tee_(command)|tee}}.


⚲ Syscalls:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pipe2}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|tee}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|tee}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sendfile}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|copy_file_range}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|splice}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|vmsplice}}


⚲ API and ⚙️ Internals:

: '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pipe2}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_pipe2}} - creates pipe
::  uses {{The Linux Kernel/id|pipe_fs_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pipefifo_fops}}
: '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|tee}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_tee}} - duplicates pipe content
::  calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|link_pipe}}
: '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sendfile}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sendfile}} - transfers data between file descriptors, the output can be a socket. Used in [[../Networking#Network_storage|network storage]] and servers.
:: Calls: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_direct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_direct_to_actor}}

: '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|copy_file_range}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_copy_file_range}} - transfers data between files
:: calls custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|remap_file_range}} like {{The Linux Kernel/id|nfs42_remap_file_range}}
:: or custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|copy_file_range}} like {{The Linux Kernel/id|fuse_copy_file_range}}
:: or {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_direct}}

: '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|splice}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice}} - splices data to/from a pipe.
:: There are three cases regarding which end being a pipe:
:# {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_from}} - pipe → file
:#: Calls custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_write}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|iter_file_splice_write}}
:# {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_read}} - file → pipe
:#: Calls custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_read}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|copy_splice_read}}
:# {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_pipe_to_pipe}} - both are pipes

: '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|vmsplice}}''' ↪ 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmsplice_to_pipe}} &amp;ndash; splices user pages to a pipe
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmsplice_to_user}} &amp;ndash; splices a pipe to user pages


⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/splice.h}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/pipe.c}} &amp;ndash; pipe and FIFO implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/splice.c}} &amp;ndash; splice data transfer between file descriptors

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dsplice stress-ng --splice],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dsendfile --sendfile]

🔧 TODO:
{{The Linux Kernel/id|zerocopy_sg_from_iter}} builds a zerocopy skb datagram from an iov_iter. Used in {{The Linux Kernel/id|tap_get_user}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|tun_get_user}}.

{{The Linux Kernel/id|skb_zerocopy}}

{{The Linux Kernel/id|skb_zerocopy_iter_dgram}}


📚 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|pipe}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|fifo}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|splice and pipes|filesystems/splice.html}}
::  {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Pipes API|filesystems/splice.html#pipes-api}}
: {{w|splice (system call)}}
: LTP: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|pipe}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|pipe2}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|tee}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|sendfile}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|copy_file_range}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|splice}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|vmsplice}}

== Block device layer ==

The block device layer in Linux provides an abstraction for accessing storage devices,
such as SSDs and USB drives, by presenting them as a series of fixed-size blocks.
It sits between the hardware and the file system,
allowing applications and file systems to perform read and write operations efficiently
without needing to know the specifics of the underlying hardware.
Key components include block drivers, the I/O scheduler,
and buffer management, which work together to handle requests,
optimize access patterns, and ensure data integrity.
This layer supports essential features like caching, partition management,
and queueing mechanisms to balance performance and reliability.


⚲ Interfaces:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/blk_types.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|bio}} &amp;ndash; main unit of I/O for the block layer and lower layers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|req_op}} &amp;ndash; operations common to the bio and request structures
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bio.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_device}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_size}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_alloc_disk}} allocates {{The Linux Kernel/id|gendisk}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_disk}}
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_add_disk}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_device_operations}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/blkdev.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|gendisk}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_to_disk}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|disk_to_dev}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_class}}  &amp;ndash; block devices Driver Model class
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_blkdev}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_queue}}


⚙️ Internals.
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block}} &amp;ndash; block layer core
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/iomap}} &amp;ndash; modern filesystem I/O mapping layer (used by xfs, ext4, btrfs)
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_class}}


👁 Examples:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/block/brd.c}} - small RAM backed block device driver
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/block/null_blk}} &amp;ndash; null block test device

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dhdd stress-ng --hdd],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Diomix --iomix],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dseek --seek]


=== Device mapper ===
The ''device mapper'' is a framework provided by the kernel for mapping physical block devices onto higher-level &quot;virtual block devices&quot;.
It forms the foundation of LVM2, software RAIDs and dm-crypt disk encryption, and offers additional features such as file system snapshots.

Device mapper works by passing data from a virtual block device, which is provided by the device mapper itself, to another block device.
Data can be also modified in transition, which is performed, for example, in the case of device mapper providing disk encryption.

User space applications that need to create new mapped devices talk to the device mapper via the &lt;code&gt;libdevmapper.so&lt;/code&gt; shared library, which in turn issues ioctls to the &lt;code&gt;/dev/mapper/control&lt;/code&gt; device node.

Functions provided by the device mapper include linear, striped and error ''mappings,'' as well as crypt and multipath ''targets.''
For example, two disks may be concatenated into one logical volume with a pair of ''linear'' mappings, one for each disk.
As another example, ''crypt'' target encrypts the data passing through the specified device, by using the Linux kernel's Crypto API.

The following mapping targets are available:
: ''cache'' - allows the creation of hybrid volumes, by using solid-state drives (SSDs) as caches for hard disk drives (HDDs)
: ''crypt'' - provides data encryption, by using the Linux kernel's Crypto API
: ''delay'' - delays reads and/or writes to different devices (used for testing)
: ''era'' - behaves in a way similar to the linear target, while it keeps track of blocks that were written to within a user-defined period of time
: ''error'' - simulates I/O errors for all mapped blocks (used for testing)
: ''flakey'' - simulates periodic unreliable behaviour (used for testing)
: ''linear'' - maps a continuous range of blocks onto another block device
: ''mirror'' - maps a mirrored logical device, while providing data redundancy
: ''multipath'' - supports the mapping of multipathed devices, through usage of their path groups
: ''raid'' - offers an interface to the Linux kernel's software RAID driver (md)
: ''snapshot'' and ''snapshot-origin'' - used for creation of LVM snapshots, as part of the underlining copy-on-write scheme
: ''striped'' - strips the data across physical devices, with the number of stripes and the striping chunk size as parameters
: ''zero'' - an equivalent of &lt;code&gt;/dev/zero&lt;/code&gt;, all reads return blocks of zeros, and writes are discarded

📚 References
: {{w|Device mapper}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device mapper|admin-guide/device-mapper}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device-mapper.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/md}} &amp;ndash; device mapper and software RAID
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Device_mapper

=== Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing ===

The blk-mq API enhances IO performance
by leveraging multiple queues for parallel processing,
addressing bottlenecks from traditional single-queue designs.
It uses software queues for scheduling,
merging, and reordering requests,
and hardware queues to interface directly with devices.
If hardware resources are limited,
requests are temporarily queued for later dispatch.

⚲ Interfaces:
: /sys/devices/.../mq/
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/blk-mq.h}}
:: Structures:
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_hw_ctx}} &amp;ndash; hardware dispatch queue context
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_tag_set}} &amp;ndash; shared between request queues
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_ops}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_tags}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_queue_map}} &amp;ndash; map software queues to hardware queues
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request}}


👁️ Example
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/block/null_blk}} &amp;ndash; multi-queue aware block test driver


⚙️ Internals
: /sys/kernel/debug/block/*/hctx*
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/blk-mq.h}} &amp;ndash; blk-mq internal definitions
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_ctx}} &amp;ndash; software staging queue context
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/blk-mq.c}} &amp;ndash; block multi-queue core code
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/blk-mq-tag.c}} &amp;ndash; tag allocation using scalable bitmaps
: ...


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism (blk-mq)|block/blk-mq.html}}

=== I/O scheduler ===
I/O scheduling (or disk scheduling) is the method chosen by the kernel to decide in which order the block I/O operations will be submitted to the storage volumes.
I/O scheduling usually has to work with hard disk drives that have long access times for requests placed far away from the current position of the disk head (this operation is called a seek).
To minimize the effect this has on system performance, most I/O schedulers implement a variant of the elevator algorithm that reorders the incoming randomly ordered requests so the associated data would be accessed with minimal arm/head movement.

The particular I/O scheduler used with certain block device can be switched at run time by modifying the corresponding &lt;code&gt;/sys/block/&lt;block_device&gt;/queue/scheduler&lt;/code&gt; file in the sysfs filesystem.
Some I/O schedulers also have tunable parameters that can be set through files in &lt;code&gt;/sys/block/&lt;block_device&gt;/queue/iosched/&lt;/code&gt;.


⚲ Interfaces:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|ionice}} &amp;ndash; set or get process I/O scheduling class and priority
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ioprio_get}}, ioprio_set
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/elevator.h}}
: Function {{The Linux Kernel/id|elv_register}} registers struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|elevator_type}}.
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|elevator_queue}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/ioprio.c}} &amp;ndash; I/O priority system call
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/elevator.c}} &amp;ndash; I/O scheduler framework
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/Kconfig.iosched}} &amp;ndash; I/O scheduler Kconfig options
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/bfq-iosched.c}} &amp;ndash; Budget Fair Queueing scheduler
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/kyber-iosched.c}} &amp;ndash; Kyber multiqueue scheduler
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/mq-deadline.c}} &amp;ndash; deadline multiqueue scheduler
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/block.h}}


📖 References:
: {{w|I/O scheduling}}
: {{w|Elevator algorithm}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Switching Scheduler|block/switching-sched.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|BFQ - Budget Fair Queueing|block/bfq-iosched.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Deadline IO scheduler tunables|deadline-iosched.html}}
: https://www.cloudbees.com/blog/linux-io-scheduler-tuning/
: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Reference/IOSchedulers

=== ... ===

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Block devices|block}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Switching Scheduler|block/switching-sched.html}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|BFQ - Budget Fair Queueing|block/bfq-iosched.html}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Deadline IO scheduler tunables|block/deadline-iosched.html}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kyber I/O scheduler tunables|block/kyber-iosched.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism (blk-mq)|block/blk-mq.html}}


📚 Further reading
: /sys/kernel/debug/block/*/
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Block_layer
: [https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/ block devices ML]
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch16.pdf LDD3:Block Drivers]
: [http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch12.html LDD1:Loading Block Drivers]
: [https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/understanding-the-linux/0596005652/ch14.html ULK3 Chapter 14. Block Device Drivers]
: [https://sg.danny.cz/sg/The Linux SCSI Generic (sg) Driver]
:: [https://sg.danny.cz/sg/scsi_debug.html Scsi_debug adapter driver for Linux]
:: https://github.com/doug-gilbert/sg3_utils

== {{w|Computer data storage|Storage}} drivers ==
🔧 TODO


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvmem}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Non-volatile memory}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/sdio}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Secure Digital#SDIO cards|Secure Digital Input Output}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/scsi}} &amp;ndash; {{w|SCSI|Small Computer System Interface}}, {{The Linux Kernel/doc|SCSI|scsi}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/virtio}} &amp;ndash; virtio guest drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/mtd}}  &amp;ndash; {{w|Memory Technology Device}} for 🤖 embedded devices

=== NVMe ===

{{w|NVM Express}} drivers provide accesses a computer's {{w|non-volatile storage}}.
Local storage is attached via {{w|PCIe|PCI Express}} bus.
PCI NVMe device driver entry point is {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init}}.
Remote storage driver is called target and local {{w|Proxy_pattern|proxy}} driver is called host. {{w|Switched fabric|Fabrics}} connect remote targets with local host.
A fabric can be based on {{w|Remote direct memory access|RDMA}}, {{w|Transmission Control Protocol|TCP}} or {{w|Fibre Channel}} protocols.


📖 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NVMe|nvme}}

⚲ API:
: [https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli nvme-cli]
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/nvme_ioctl.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme.h}}


⚙️ '''Internals:'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme}} &amp;ndash; NVMe drivers

'''Host''' {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host}}:

⚲ Interfaces:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host/nvme.h}} &amp;ndash; NVMe host common definitions
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init_ctrl}} initializes a NVMe controller structures {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_ctrl}} with operations {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_ctrl_ops}}
::: a subroutine of {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_scan_work}} adds a new disk with {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_add_disk}}


: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init}} - local PCI nvme module init
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_probe}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init_ctrl}} ...
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_pci_ctrl_ops}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_core_init}} - module init


'''Fabrics''' 

⚲ interfaces:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host/fabrics.h}} &amp;ndash; NVMe over Fabrics host common definitions
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_register_transport}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_transport_ops}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_init}} - fabrics module init 

⚙️ internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_init}} - fabrics module init 
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_misc}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_dev_fops}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_dev_write}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_create_ctrl}} binds {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_transport_ops}}


'''Target''' {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/target}}:

⚲ Interfaces: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/target/nvmet.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_register_transport}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_fabrics_ops}} 

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_init}} - module init
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|fcloop_init}} - loopback test module init which can be useful to test NVMe-FC transport interfaces.


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |NVMe over {{w|Switched fabric|Fabrics}}
|-
!&lt;div style='text-align:left'&gt;Layers&lt;/div&gt;
!{{w|Transmission Control Protocol|TCP}}
![[../Networking#RDMA|RDMA]]
!{{w|Fibre Channel}}
|-
!&lt;div style='text-align:left'&gt;Host modules&lt;/div&gt;
|{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_tcp_init_module}}
|{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_rdma_init_module}}
|{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_fc_init_module}}
|-
!&lt;div style='text-align:left'&gt;Fabrics protocols&lt;/div&gt;
|{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-tcp.h}}
|{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-rdma.h}}
|{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-fc.h}}
{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-fc-driver.h}} 
|-
!&lt;div style='text-align:left'&gt;Target modules&lt;/div&gt;
|{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_tcp_init}} 
|{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_rdma_init}}
|{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_fc_init_module}}
|}


👁 Example: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_init_module}} nvme loopback
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_transport}} - fabrics operations                              
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_create_ctrl}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_create_io_queues}}                      
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_ops}} - target operation                                   
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_add_port}}                                      
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_queue_response}}

== ... ==

🚀 Advanced
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|pidstat}} &amp;ndash; reports task statistics 
: /proc/self/io &amp;ndash; I/O statistics for the process (see {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|proc}}) 


💾 Historical storage drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/ata}} - {{w|Parallel ATA}}


📖 Further reading about storage
: [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/README.md#storage-and-filesystems-tools bcc/ebpf storage and filesystems tools]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>iqrss7dwjy2kupeolor8i1ibrda06cd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641715</id>
      <parentid>4641673</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T14:13:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>LKMPG block drivers link</comment>
      <origin>4641715</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38352" sha1="e3t09trjnnd9txefot487ny3l9spqkk" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:Storage functionality}}


{|style=&quot;width: 25%; float: right; text-align:center;border-spacing: 0; color:black; margin:auto;&quot; cellpadding=5pc
! bgcolor=#cef | storage
|-style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=#aef | [[#Files_and_directories|files &amp; directories access]]
|-style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=#8df | [[#Virtual File System|Virtual File System]]
|-style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=#8ce |[[#Page_cache|page cache]]
|-style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=#7ac |[[#Logical file systems|logical file systems]]
|-style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=#69a |[[#Block_device_layer|block devices]]
|-style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=#689 |[[#Storage_drivers|storage drivers]]
|}
Storage functionality provides access to various storage devices via files and directories of files.
Most of the storage is persistent as flash memory, SSD and legacy hard disks.
Another kind of storage is temporary.
The ''file system'' provides an abstraction to organize the information into separate pieces of data (called ''files'') identified by a unique name.
Each file system type defines their own structures and logic rules used to manage these groups of information and their names.
Linux supports a plethora of different file system types, local and remote, native and from other operating systems.
To accommodate such disparity the kernel defines a common top layer, the ''virtual file system'' (VFS) layer.


[[File:The Linux Storage Stack Diagram.svg|Summary of the Linux kernel's storage stack|right|800x800px]]

== Files and directories ==

Four basic files access system calls:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|open}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sys_open}} - opens a file by name and returns a {{w|file descriptor}} (&lt;big&gt;fd&lt;/big&gt;). Below functions operates on a fd.
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|close}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|close_fd}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|read}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_read}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|write}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_write}}

File in Linux and UNIX is not only physical file on persistent storage.
File interface is used to access pipes, sockets and other pseudo-files.

Other file operations:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|lseek}} &amp;ndash; reposition read/write file offset
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|dup}} &amp;ndash; duplicate a file descriptor
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} &amp;ndash; manipulate file descriptor
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|truncate}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ftruncate}} &amp;ndash; truncate a file
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fallocate}} &amp;ndash; preallocate file space
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|readahead}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/readahead.c}} &amp;ndash; prefetch file data into page cache

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dopen stress-ng --open],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dclose --close],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dfallocate --fallocate]

Directory operations:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mkdir}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|rmdir}} &amp;ndash; create/remove directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getcwd}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_getcwd}} &amp;ndash; get current working directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|chdir}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_chdir}} &amp;ndash; change working directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|readdir}} ⇾ {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getdents}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|path_resolution}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Ddentry stress-ng --dentry],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Ddir --dir]

Name operations:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|rename}} &amp;ndash; rename a file or directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|unlink}} &amp;ndash; delete a name from the filesystem
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|readlink}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|symlink}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|link}}


⚙️ Files and directories internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/fs.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/open.c}} &amp;ndash; open, close and related file operations
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/namei.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namei.c}} &amp;ndash; pathname lookup and resolution
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/read_write.c}} &amp;ndash; read, write and lseek operations
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/xattr.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/xattr.c}} &amp;ndash; extended attributes
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/notify}} &amp;ndash; filesystem event notification
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|inotify_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|inotify_add_watch}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|inotify_rm_watch}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|inotify}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fanotify_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fanotify_mark}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|fanotify}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dinotify stress-ng --inotify]


📚 Files and directories references
: [https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/I_002fO-Overview.html Input/Output, The GNU C Library]
: [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-3.html VFS in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals]
: {{w|Unix file types}}


=== File locks ===

File locks are mechanisms that allow processes to coordinate access to shared files.
These locks help prevent conflicts when multiple processes or threads attempt to access the same file simultaneously.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|lslocks}} &amp;ndash; list local system locks
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|lockf}} &amp;ndash; apply, test or remove a POSIX lock on an open file
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|flock}} &amp;ndash; apply or remove an advisory BSD lock on an open file
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} &amp;ndash; manipulate file descriptor
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_SETLK}} &amp;ndash; advisory record lock
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_OFD_SETLK}} &amp;ndash; Open File Description Lock
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|flock}} &amp;ndash; lock parameters
: ⚠️ Avoid mixing flock and fcntl locks on the same file as they don’t interact with each other.


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/filelock.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/locks.c}} &amp;ndash; POSIX and flock file locking
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/filelock.h}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dflock stress-ng --flock]

💾 ''Historical: [https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.14/K/ident/CONFIG_MANDATORY_FILE_LOCKING Mandatory locking] feature is no longer supported at all in Linux 5.15 and above because the implementation is unreliable.''

=== Asynchronous I/O ===

🚀 advanced features

'''AIO'''

: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Asynchronous_IO
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_submit}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_setup}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_cancel}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_destroy}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|io_getevents}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/aio_abi.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/aio.c}} &amp;ndash; async I/O implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|io/aio}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Daio stress-ng --aio]

'''{{w|io_uring}}'''

🌱 ''New since release 5.1 in May 2019''


: https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/an-introduction-to-the-io_uring-asynchronous-io-framework
: https://thenewstack.io/how-io_uring-and-ebpf-will-revolutionize-programming-in-linux/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_enter}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_setup}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|io_uring_register}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/io_uring.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/io_uring.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|io_uring}}
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#io_uring
::  [https://lwn.net/Articles/779472/ io_uring, SCM_RIGHTS, and reference-count cycles] 
::  [https://lwn.net/Articles/810414/ The rapid growth of io_uring] 
::  [https://lwn.net/Articles/815491/ Automatic buffer selection for io_uring] 
::  [https://lwn.net/Articles/826053/ Operations restrictions for io_uring] 
::  [https://lwn.net/Articles/779472/ io_uring, SCM_RIGHTS, and reference-count cycles] 
::  [https://lwn.net/Articles/803070/ Redesigned workqueues for io_uring]
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|io_uring}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dio%2During stress-ng --io-uring]

=== {{w|Asynchronous_I/O#Forms|Non-blocking I/O}} ===

Allow non-blocking access to multiple file descriptors. 

'''Efficient event polling {{w|epoll}}'''


⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/eventpoll.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|epoll}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_create}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_create}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_ctl}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_ctl}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|epoll_wait}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_epoll_wait}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/eventpoll.c}} &amp;ndash; efficient event polling (epoll)


'''{{w|Select (Unix)|select}} and {{w|poll (Unix)|poll}}'''

💾 ''Historical: Select and poll system calls are derived from UNIX''


⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|poll}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sys_poll}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|select}}  ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|kern_select}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/select.c}} &amp;ndash; select and poll implementation

=== Vectored I/O ===

🚀 advanced feature

{{w|Vectored I/O}}, also known as scatter/gather I/O, is a method of input and output by which a single procedure call sequentially reads data from multiple buffers and writes it to a single data stream, or reads data from a data stream and writes it to multiple buffers, as defined in a  vector of buffers. Scatter/gather refers to the process of gathering data from, or scattering data into, the given set of buffers. Vectored I/O can operate synchronously or asynchronously. The main reasons for using vectored I/O are efficiency and convenience.


⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/uio.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/uio.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|iovec}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|readv}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_readv}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|writev}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_writev}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|iov_iter}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_readv}} ↯ call hierarchy:
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_readv}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|import_iovec}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_file_read_iter}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/iov_iter.c}} &amp;ndash; I/O vector iterator operations


=== ... ===

📖 References
: [https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/Scatter_002dGather.html Fast Scatter-Gather I/O, The GNU C Library]
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Vectored_IO
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Scattergather_chaining


📚 Further reading
: https://deepwiki.com/torvalds/linux/4-filesystems

== Virtual File System ==

The {{w|virtual file system}} (VFS) is an abstract layer on top of a concrete logical file system.
The purpose of a VFS is to allow client applications to access different types of logical file systems in a uniform way.
A VFS can, for example, be used to access local and [[../Networking#Network_storage|network storage]] devices transparently without the client application noticing the difference.
It can be used to bridge the differences in Windows, classic Mac OS/macOS and Unix filesystems, so that applications can access files on local file systems of those types without having to know what type of file system they are accessing.
A VFS specifies an interface (or a &quot;contract&quot;) between the kernel and a logical file system.
Therefore, it is easy to add support for new file system types to the kernel simply by fulfilling the contract.

🔧 TODO: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfsmount}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_create}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_read}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_write}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/inode.c}} &amp;ndash; inode allocation and management
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dcache.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/dcache.c}} &amp;ndash; dentry cache, pathname-to-inode lookup
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/super.c}} &amp;ndash; superblock operations, filesystem mount/unmount
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/file.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/file.c}} &amp;ndash; file table, fd allocation
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/mount.h}} &amp;ndash; filesystem mount structures
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/fs_context.h}} &amp;ndash; filesystem mount context (replaces old mount API)
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/readdir.c}} &amp;ndash; directory listing (getdents)

📚 VFS References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|VFS|filesystems/#core-vfs-documentation}}
: [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-3.html VFS in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals]


== Logical file systems ==

A {{w|file system}} (or ''filesystem'') is used to control how data is stored and retrieved.
Without a file system, information placed in a storage area would be one large body of data with no way to tell where one piece of information stops and the next begins.
By separating the data into individual pieces, and giving each piece a name, the information is easily separated and identified.
Each group of data is called a &quot;file&quot;.
The structure and logic rules used to manage the groups of information and their names is called a &quot;file system&quot;.

There are many different kinds of file systems.
Each one has different structure and logic, properties of speed, flexibility, security, size and more.
Some file systems have been designed to be used for specific applications.
For example, the ISO 9660 file system is designed specifically for optical discs.

File systems can be used on many different kinds of storage devices.
Each storage device uses a different kind of media.
The most common storage device in use today is a {{w|SSD}}.
Other media that was used are hard disk, magnetic tape and optical disc.
In some cases, the computer's main memory (RAM) is used to create a temporary file system for short-term use.
Raw storage is called a block device.

Linux supports many different file systems, but common choices for the system disk on a block device include the ext* family (such as {{w|ext2}}, {{w|ext3}} and {{w|ext4}}), {{w|XFS}}, {{w|ReiserFS}} and {{w|btrfs}}.
For raw Flash without a {{w|flash translation layer}} (FTL) or {{w|Memory Technology Device}} (MTD), there is {{w|UBIFS}}, {{w|JFFS2}}, and {{w|YAFFS}}, among others. {{w|SquashFS}} is a common compressed read-only file system.
NFS and other network FS are described further in paragraph [[../Networking#Network_storage|Network storage]].


⚲ Shell interfaces:
: cat /proc/filesystems
: ls /sys/fs/
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|mount}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|umount}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|findmnt}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|mountpoint}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|df}}


Infrastructure ⚲ API function {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_filesystem}} registers structs {{The Linux Kernel/id|file_system_type}} and stores them in linked list ⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|file_systems}}.
Function {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_init_fs}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_fs_type}}.
Operation of ''file system opening'' is called mounting: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_get_tree}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/namespace.c}} &amp;ndash; mount and namespace operations
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|mount}}
:::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_mount}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/buffer_head.h}}
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|super_block}}
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|sb_bread}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs}} &amp;ndash; filesystem implementations
::  {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/ext4/ext4.h}} &amp;ndash; ext4 on-disk format and internal structures
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ext4_sb_bread}}


Other notable filesystems:
: {{w|FUSE (filesystem)|FUSE}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/fuse}} &amp;ndash; filesystem in userspace
: {{w|OverlayFS}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/overlayfs}} &amp;ndash; union mount filesystem, used by containers
: {{w|Btrfs}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/btrfs}}
: {{w|XFS}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/xfs}}


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|filesystems|filesystems/#filesystems}}

== Page cache ==
A page cache or disk cache is a transparent cache for the memory pages originating from a secondary storage device such as a hard disk drive.
The operating system keeps a page cache in otherwise unused portions of the main memory, resulting in quicker access to the contents of cached pages and overall performance improvements.
The page cache is implemented by the kernel, and is mostly transparent to applications.

Usually, all physical memory not directly allocated to applications is used by the operating system for the page cache.
Since the memory would otherwise be idle and is easily reclaimed when applications request it, there is generally no associated performance penalty and the operating system might even report such memory as &quot;free&quot; or &quot;available&quot;.
The page cache also aids in writing to a disk.
Pages in the main memory that have been modified during writing data to disk are marked as &quot;dirty&quot; and have to be flushed to disk before they can be freed.
When a file write occurs, the page backing the particular block is looked up.
If it is already found in the page cache, the write is done to that page in the main memory.
Otherwise, when the write perfectly falls on page size boundaries, the page is not even read from disk, but allocated and immediately marked dirty.
Otherwise, the page(s) are fetched from disk and requested modifications are done.

Not all cached pages can be written to as program code is often mapped as read-only or copy-on-write; in the latter case, modifications to code will only be visible to the process itself and will not be written to disk.


⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fsync}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_fsync}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sync_file_range}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_sync_file_range}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syncfs}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sync_filesystem}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sync}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|ksys_sync}} &amp;ndash; flush all filesystem caches to disk

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pagemap.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/filemap.c}} &amp;ndash; page cache core, read/write/mmap paths
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/buffer_head.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/buffer.c}} &amp;ndash; buffer heads, block-level page cache interface
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/writeback.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/page-writeback.c}} &amp;ndash; dirty page writeback throttling
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|address_space}} &amp;ndash; per-inode page cache, defined in {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/fs.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/backing-dev.h}} &amp;ndash; backing device info, writeback bandwidth
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wb_workfn}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_writepages}}

📚 References
: {{w|Page cache}}


More
: [https://lwn.net/Articles/717953/ The future of DAX ] - direct access bypassing the cache
: [https://tldp.org/LDP/lki/lki-4.html Linux Page Cache in Linux Kernel 2.4 Internals]

== Zero-copy ==

🚀 advanced features

Writing data to storage and reading are very resource consuming operations.
Copying memory is time and CPU consuming operation too.
Set of methods to avoid copying operations is called {{w|zero-copy}}.
The goal of zero-copy methods is a fast and efficient data transfer within the system.

The first and simplest method is {{w|Pipeline (Unix)|Pipeline}}, invoked by operator &quot;|&quot; in shells.
Instead of writing data into temporary file and reading, the data is passed efficiently via a pipe bypassing a storage.
The second method is {{w|Tee_(command)|tee}}.


⚲ Syscalls:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pipe2}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|tee}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|tee}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sendfile}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|copy_file_range}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|splice}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|vmsplice}}


⚲ API and ⚙️ Internals:

: '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pipe2}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_pipe2}} - creates pipe
::  uses {{The Linux Kernel/id|pipe_fs_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pipefifo_fops}}
: '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|tee}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_tee}} - duplicates pipe content
::  calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|link_pipe}}
: '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sendfile}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sendfile}} - transfers data between file descriptors, the output can be a socket. Used in [[../Networking#Network_storage|network storage]] and servers.
:: Calls: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_direct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_direct_to_actor}}

: '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|copy_file_range}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_copy_file_range}} - transfers data between files
:: calls custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|remap_file_range}} like {{The Linux Kernel/id|nfs42_remap_file_range}}
:: or custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|copy_file_range}} like {{The Linux Kernel/id|fuse_copy_file_range}}
:: or {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_direct}}

: '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|splice}}''' ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice}} - splices data to/from a pipe.
:: There are three cases regarding which end being a pipe:
:# {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_from}} - pipe → file
:#: Calls custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_write}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|iter_file_splice_write}}
:# {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_splice_read}} - file → pipe
:#: Calls custom {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_read}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|copy_splice_read}}
:# {{The Linux Kernel/id|splice_pipe_to_pipe}} - both are pipes

: '''{{The Linux Kernel/man|2|vmsplice}}''' ↪ 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmsplice_to_pipe}} &amp;ndash; splices user pages to a pipe
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vmsplice_to_user}} &amp;ndash; splices a pipe to user pages


⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/splice.h}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/pipe.c}} &amp;ndash; pipe and FIFO implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/splice.c}} &amp;ndash; splice data transfer between file descriptors

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dsplice stress-ng --splice],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dsendfile --sendfile]

🔧 TODO:
{{The Linux Kernel/id|zerocopy_sg_from_iter}} builds a zerocopy skb datagram from an iov_iter. Used in {{The Linux Kernel/id|tap_get_user}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|tun_get_user}}.

{{The Linux Kernel/id|skb_zerocopy}}

{{The Linux Kernel/id|skb_zerocopy_iter_dgram}}


📚 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|pipe}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|fifo}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|splice and pipes|filesystems/splice.html}}
::  {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Pipes API|filesystems/splice.html#pipes-api}}
: {{w|splice (system call)}}
: LTP: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|pipe}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|pipe2}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|tee}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|sendfile}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|copy_file_range}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|splice}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/syscalls|vmsplice}}

== Block device layer ==

The block device layer in Linux provides an abstraction for accessing storage devices,
such as SSDs and USB drives, by presenting them as a series of fixed-size blocks.
It sits between the hardware and the file system,
allowing applications and file systems to perform read and write operations efficiently
without needing to know the specifics of the underlying hardware.
Key components include block drivers, the I/O scheduler,
and buffer management, which work together to handle requests,
optimize access patterns, and ensure data integrity.
This layer supports essential features like caching, partition management,
and queueing mechanisms to balance performance and reliability.


⚲ Interfaces:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/blk_types.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|bio}} &amp;ndash; main unit of I/O for the block layer and lower layers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|req_op}} &amp;ndash; operations common to the bio and request structures
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bio.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_device}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_size}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_alloc_disk}} allocates {{The Linux Kernel/id|gendisk}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_disk}}
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_add_disk}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_device_operations}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/blkdev.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|gendisk}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_to_disk}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|disk_to_dev}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_class}}  &amp;ndash; block devices Driver Model class
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_blkdev}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_queue}}


⚙️ Internals.
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block}} &amp;ndash; block layer core
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/iomap}} &amp;ndash; modern filesystem I/O mapping layer (used by xfs, ext4, btrfs)
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|block_class}}


👁 Examples:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/block/brd.c}} - small RAM backed block device driver
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/block/null_blk}} &amp;ndash; null block test device

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dhdd stress-ng --hdd],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Diomix --iomix],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dseek --seek]


=== Device mapper ===
The ''device mapper'' is a framework provided by the kernel for mapping physical block devices onto higher-level &quot;virtual block devices&quot;.
It forms the foundation of LVM2, software RAIDs and dm-crypt disk encryption, and offers additional features such as file system snapshots.

Device mapper works by passing data from a virtual block device, which is provided by the device mapper itself, to another block device.
Data can be also modified in transition, which is performed, for example, in the case of device mapper providing disk encryption.

User space applications that need to create new mapped devices talk to the device mapper via the &lt;code&gt;libdevmapper.so&lt;/code&gt; shared library, which in turn issues ioctls to the &lt;code&gt;/dev/mapper/control&lt;/code&gt; device node.

Functions provided by the device mapper include linear, striped and error ''mappings,'' as well as crypt and multipath ''targets.''
For example, two disks may be concatenated into one logical volume with a pair of ''linear'' mappings, one for each disk.
As another example, ''crypt'' target encrypts the data passing through the specified device, by using the Linux kernel's Crypto API.

The following mapping targets are available:
: ''cache'' - allows the creation of hybrid volumes, by using solid-state drives (SSDs) as caches for hard disk drives (HDDs)
: ''crypt'' - provides data encryption, by using the Linux kernel's Crypto API
: ''delay'' - delays reads and/or writes to different devices (used for testing)
: ''era'' - behaves in a way similar to the linear target, while it keeps track of blocks that were written to within a user-defined period of time
: ''error'' - simulates I/O errors for all mapped blocks (used for testing)
: ''flakey'' - simulates periodic unreliable behaviour (used for testing)
: ''linear'' - maps a continuous range of blocks onto another block device
: ''mirror'' - maps a mirrored logical device, while providing data redundancy
: ''multipath'' - supports the mapping of multipathed devices, through usage of their path groups
: ''raid'' - offers an interface to the Linux kernel's software RAID driver (md)
: ''snapshot'' and ''snapshot-origin'' - used for creation of LVM snapshots, as part of the underlining copy-on-write scheme
: ''striped'' - strips the data across physical devices, with the number of stripes and the striping chunk size as parameters
: ''zero'' - an equivalent of &lt;code&gt;/dev/zero&lt;/code&gt;, all reads return blocks of zeros, and writes are discarded

📚 References
: {{w|Device mapper}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device mapper|admin-guide/device-mapper}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/device-mapper.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/md}} &amp;ndash; device mapper and software RAID
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Device_mapper

=== Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing ===

The blk-mq API enhances IO performance
by leveraging multiple queues for parallel processing,
addressing bottlenecks from traditional single-queue designs.
It uses software queues for scheduling,
merging, and reordering requests,
and hardware queues to interface directly with devices.
If hardware resources are limited,
requests are temporarily queued for later dispatch.

⚲ Interfaces:
: /sys/devices/.../mq/
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/blk-mq.h}}
:: Structures:
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_hw_ctx}} &amp;ndash; hardware dispatch queue context
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_tag_set}} &amp;ndash; shared between request queues
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_ops}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_tags}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_queue_map}} &amp;ndash; map software queues to hardware queues
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request}}


👁️ Example
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/block/null_blk}} &amp;ndash; multi-queue aware block test driver


⚙️ Internals
: /sys/kernel/debug/block/*/hctx*
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/blk-mq.h}} &amp;ndash; blk-mq internal definitions
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|blk_mq_ctx}} &amp;ndash; software staging queue context
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/blk-mq.c}} &amp;ndash; block multi-queue core code
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/blk-mq-tag.c}} &amp;ndash; tag allocation using scalable bitmaps
: ...


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism (blk-mq)|block/blk-mq.html}}

=== I/O scheduler ===
I/O scheduling (or disk scheduling) is the method chosen by the kernel to decide in which order the block I/O operations will be submitted to the storage volumes.
I/O scheduling usually has to work with hard disk drives that have long access times for requests placed far away from the current position of the disk head (this operation is called a seek).
To minimize the effect this has on system performance, most I/O schedulers implement a variant of the elevator algorithm that reorders the incoming randomly ordered requests so the associated data would be accessed with minimal arm/head movement.

The particular I/O scheduler used with certain block device can be switched at run time by modifying the corresponding &lt;code&gt;/sys/block/&lt;block_device&gt;/queue/scheduler&lt;/code&gt; file in the sysfs filesystem.
Some I/O schedulers also have tunable parameters that can be set through files in &lt;code&gt;/sys/block/&lt;block_device&gt;/queue/iosched/&lt;/code&gt;.


⚲ Interfaces:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|ionice}} &amp;ndash; set or get process I/O scheduling class and priority
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ioprio_get}}, ioprio_set
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/elevator.h}}
: Function {{The Linux Kernel/id|elv_register}} registers struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|elevator_type}}.
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|elevator_queue}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/ioprio.c}} &amp;ndash; I/O priority system call
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/elevator.c}} &amp;ndash; I/O scheduler framework
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/Kconfig.iosched}} &amp;ndash; I/O scheduler Kconfig options
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/bfq-iosched.c}} &amp;ndash; Budget Fair Queueing scheduler
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/kyber-iosched.c}} &amp;ndash; Kyber multiqueue scheduler
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|block/mq-deadline.c}} &amp;ndash; deadline multiqueue scheduler
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/block.h}}


📖 References:
: {{w|I/O scheduling}}
: {{w|Elevator algorithm}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Switching Scheduler|block/switching-sched.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|BFQ - Budget Fair Queueing|block/bfq-iosched.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Deadline IO scheduler tunables|deadline-iosched.html}}
: https://www.cloudbees.com/blog/linux-io-scheduler-tuning/
: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Reference/IOSchedulers

=== ... ===

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Block devices|block}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Switching Scheduler|block/switching-sched.html}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|BFQ - Budget Fair Queueing|block/bfq-iosched.html}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Deadline IO scheduler tunables|block/deadline-iosched.html}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kyber I/O scheduler tunables|block/kyber-iosched.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Queue Block IO Queueing Mechanism (blk-mq)|block/blk-mq.html}}


📚 Further reading
: /sys/kernel/debug/block/*/
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Block_layer
: [https://lore.kernel.org/linux-block/ block devices ML]
: [https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/#block-drivers LKMPG: Block Drivers]
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch16.pdf LDD3:Block Drivers]
: [http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch12.html LDD1:Loading Block Drivers]
: [https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/understanding-the-linux/0596005652/ch14.html ULK3 Chapter 14. Block Device Drivers]
: [https://sg.danny.cz/sg/The Linux SCSI Generic (sg) Driver]
:: [https://sg.danny.cz/sg/scsi_debug.html Scsi_debug adapter driver for Linux]
:: https://github.com/doug-gilbert/sg3_utils

== {{w|Computer data storage|Storage}} drivers ==
🔧 TODO


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvmem}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Non-volatile memory}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/sdio}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Secure Digital#SDIO cards|Secure Digital Input Output}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/scsi}} &amp;ndash; {{w|SCSI|Small Computer System Interface}}, {{The Linux Kernel/doc|SCSI|scsi}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/virtio}} &amp;ndash; virtio guest drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/mtd}}  &amp;ndash; {{w|Memory Technology Device}} for 🤖 embedded devices

=== NVMe ===

{{w|NVM Express}} drivers provide accesses a computer's {{w|non-volatile storage}}.
Local storage is attached via {{w|PCIe|PCI Express}} bus.
PCI NVMe device driver entry point is {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init}}.
Remote storage driver is called target and local {{w|Proxy_pattern|proxy}} driver is called host. {{w|Switched fabric|Fabrics}} connect remote targets with local host.
A fabric can be based on {{w|Remote direct memory access|RDMA}}, {{w|Transmission Control Protocol|TCP}} or {{w|Fibre Channel}} protocols.


📖 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NVMe|nvme}}

⚲ API:
: [https://github.com/linux-nvme/nvme-cli nvme-cli]
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/nvme_ioctl.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme.h}}


⚙️ '''Internals:'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme}} &amp;ndash; NVMe drivers

'''Host''' {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host}}:

⚲ Interfaces:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host/nvme.h}} &amp;ndash; NVMe host common definitions
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init_ctrl}} initializes a NVMe controller structures {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_ctrl}} with operations {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_ctrl_ops}}
::: a subroutine of {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_scan_work}} adds a new disk with {{The Linux Kernel/id|device_add_disk}}


: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init}} - local PCI nvme module init
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_probe}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_init_ctrl}} ...
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_pci_ctrl_ops}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_core_init}} - module init


'''Fabrics''' 

⚲ interfaces:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/host/fabrics.h}} &amp;ndash; NVMe over Fabrics host common definitions
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_register_transport}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_transport_ops}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_init}} - fabrics module init 

⚙️ internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_init}} - fabrics module init 
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_misc}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_dev_fops}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_dev_write}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_create_ctrl}} binds {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmf_transport_ops}}


'''Target''' {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/target}}:

⚲ Interfaces: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/nvme/target/nvmet.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_register_transport}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_fabrics_ops}} 

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_init}} - module init
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|fcloop_init}} - loopback test module init which can be useful to test NVMe-FC transport interfaces.


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
!
! colspan=&quot;3&quot; |NVMe over {{w|Switched fabric|Fabrics}}
|-
!&lt;div style='text-align:left'&gt;Layers&lt;/div&gt;
!{{w|Transmission Control Protocol|TCP}}
![[../Networking#RDMA|RDMA]]
!{{w|Fibre Channel}}
|-
!&lt;div style='text-align:left'&gt;Host modules&lt;/div&gt;
|{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_tcp_init_module}}
|{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_rdma_init_module}}
|{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_fc_init_module}}
|-
!&lt;div style='text-align:left'&gt;Fabrics protocols&lt;/div&gt;
|{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-tcp.h}}
|{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-rdma.h}}
|{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-fc.h}}
{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nvme-fc-driver.h}} 
|-
!&lt;div style='text-align:left'&gt;Target modules&lt;/div&gt;
|{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_tcp_init}} 
|{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_rdma_init}}
|{{The Linux Kernel/id|nvmet_fc_init_module}}
|}


👁 Example: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_init_module}} nvme loopback
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_transport}} - fabrics operations                              
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_create_ctrl}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_create_io_queues}}                      
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_ops}} - target operation                                   
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_add_port}}                                      
::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|nvme_loop_queue_response}}

== ... ==

🚀 Advanced
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|pidstat}} &amp;ndash; reports task statistics 
: /proc/self/io &amp;ndash; I/O statistics for the process (see {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|proc}}) 


💾 Historical storage drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/ata}} - {{w|Parallel ATA}}


📖 Further reading about storage
: [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/README.md#storage-and-filesystems-tools bcc/ebpf storage and filesystems tools]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>e3t09trjnnd9txefot487ny3l9spqkk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Linux Kernel/Networking</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>226986</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641716</id>
      <parentid>4641645</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T14:13:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>LKMPG network drivers link, moved from Historical</comment>
      <origin>4641716</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18538" sha1="o9ai5ev16oatdkafp11priibsh6f656" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:Network functionality}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;

{|style=&quot;width: 25%; float: right; text-align:center;border-spacing: 0; color:black; margin:auto;&quot; cellpadding=5pc
! bgcolor=&quot;#dff&quot; |networking
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#bff&quot; |[[#Sockets|sockets access]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#adf&quot; |[[#Address_families|address families: inet, unix, ...]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#9cd&quot; |[[#Network_storage|network storage]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#8bb&quot; |[[#Protocols|protocols]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#7a9&quot; |[[#Network_device_interfaces|network interfaces]]
|-
| bgcolor=&quot;#798&quot; |[[#Network_drivers|network drivers]]
|}
Linux kernel network functionality spans from sockets interface through protocols to network cards.


⚲ Shell interfaces:

: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|netstat}} prints network connections, routing tables, interface statistics and other details
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|ip}} shows and configures routing, network devices, interfaces and tunnels
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|ss}} - socket statistics utility


== Sockets == 

⚲ API:

[https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man0/sys_socket.h.0p.html sys/socket.h &amp;ndash; main user mode sockets header]


Basic common and client side interface:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|socket}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|__sys_socket}} creates an endpoint for communication
: struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|sockaddr}} - abstract socket address
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|connect}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|__sys_connect}}; 
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|shutdown}} shuts down part of a full-duplex connection
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|send}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|__sys_sendto}} sends a message on a socket
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|recv}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|__sys_recvfrom}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|__sys_recvmsg}} receives a message from a socket
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setsockopt}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getsockopt}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|__sys_setsockopt}} &amp;ndash; set/get socket options
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|socketpair}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|__sys_socketpair}} &amp;ndash; create a pair of connected sockets


Additional server side interface:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|bind}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|__sys_bind}} - binds a sockaddr to a socket
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|listen}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|__sys_listen}} - listens for connections on a socket
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|accept}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|__sys_accept4}} - accepts a connection on a socket


⚙️ Internals
: struct '''{{The Linux Kernel/id|socket}}''' @ {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/net.h}} contains
:: struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|proto_ops}} - abstract protocols interface
:: struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|sock}} - network layer representation of sockets {{The Linux Kernel/include|net/sock.h}}


: '''{{The Linux Kernel/id|__sys_socket}}''' ↯ call hierarchy:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sock_create}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__sock_create}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|security_socket_create}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sock_alloc}}
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|net_proto_family}}-&gt;create. 
:::::: for example {{The Linux Kernel/id|inet_create}}. See [[#Address_families|Address families]] for other options.


: '''{{The Linux Kernel/id|__sys_connect}}''' ↯ call hierarchy:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|move_addr_to_kernel}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|audit_sockaddr}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__sys_connect_file}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sock_from_file}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|security_socket_connect}}
::::  {{The Linux Kernel/id|proto_ops}}-&gt;connect. 
::::: for example {{The Linux Kernel/id|inet_stream_connect}}. See [[#Protocols|Protocols]] for other options.

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/socket.c}} &amp;ndash; socket system calls implementation


📚 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|socket}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/socket.h}}
: {{w|Berkeley sockets}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dsock stress-ng --sock],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dsockpair --sockpair]

== Network storage ==

🚀 advanced topic

🔧 TODO


⚲ API:

: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sendfile}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_sendfile}}.


See also [[../Storage#Zero-copy|Zero-copy between file descriptors]]

:{{w|Application layer|Application layer}}: {{w|Network File System}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NFS|filesystems/nfs}}, {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nfs_fs.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/nfs}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|init_nfs_fs}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|nfs4_fs_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|nfs_fs_type}}, 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|init_nfsd}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|nfsd_fs_type}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CIFS|admin-guide/cifs}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|init_cifs}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cifs_fs_type}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|smb3_fs_type}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|cifs_smb3_do_mount}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|target and iSCSI Interfaces Guide|driver-api/target.html}}


📚 Further reading
: https://deepwiki.com/torvalds/linux/4.3-network-filesystems-(cifssmb)

== Transport and Network ==
=== Names ===

⚲ API: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|uname}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sethostname}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|gethostname}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setdomainname}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getdomainname}}
: ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|utsname}} 


⚙️ Details
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|utsname}} returns writable pointer to {{The Linux Kernel/id|new_utsname}} from {{The Linux Kernel/id|uts_namespace}} from {{The Linux Kernel/id|nsproxy}} from {{The Linux Kernel/id|current}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}.
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CLONE_NEWUTS}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|setns}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/utsname.c}} &amp;ndash; UTS namespace management


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|network_namespaces}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|uts_namespaces}}


=== Address families ===

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getsockname}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getpeername}}
: Address Family (AF) &lt;big&gt;domain&lt;/big&gt; defines address format and address length &lt;big&gt;socklen_t&lt;/big&gt;. 
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|inet_ntop}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|inet_pton}} (derive socklen_t from AF)


Common AF: {{The Linux Kernel/id|AF_UNIX}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|AF_INET}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|AF_NETLINK}}.


''PF - Protocol Family index ({{The Linux Kernel/id|PF_MAX}}) actually is the same as Address Family index (AF).''


⚙️ Internals of some AF
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|unix}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|unix_family_ops}} - sockets for local IPC, {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/unix}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unix_create}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|ip}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|inet_family_ops}} - IPv4
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|inet_create}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|netlink}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|netlink_family_ops}} - communication between kernel and user space, {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/netlink}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/netlink.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/rtnetlink.h}} &amp;ndash; netlink and routing netlink messages
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|netlink_create}}
:: 🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dnetlink%2Dproc stress-ng --netlink-proc]
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|vsock}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|vsock_family_ops}} - communication between VM and hypervisor
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vsock_create}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|packet}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|packet_family_ops}} - device level interface
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|packet_create}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|bt_sock_family_ops}} - Bluetooth
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|bt_sock_create}}

There are more than 40 AFs in total (see {{The Linux Kernel/id|AF_MAX}})


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sock_register}} - registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|net_proto_family}}. See references to this identifiers to find more than 30 protocol families.
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__sock_create}}


📚 Further reading
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|ip-address}} &amp;ndash; protocol address management
: {{w|Internet layer}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|address_families}}

=== Protocols ===

Each Protocol Family (PF, ''same index as Address Family AF'') consists of several protocol implementations. 

Directory /proc/net contains various files and subdirectories containing information about the networking layer.
File /proc/net/protocols lists available and used protocols.

In each PF protocols are classified to different types {{The Linux Kernel/id|sock_type}}, for example stream, datagram and raw socket.
TCP is type of stream, UDP is type of datagram, raw and ping are type of raw.

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|proto_register}} - registers struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|proto}} - protocol implementations:  
: In {{The Linux Kernel/id|inet_init}} initcall, {{The Linux Kernel/id|inetsw_array}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|proto_ops}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|proto}} :
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|inet_stream_ops}} &amp; {{The Linux Kernel/id|tcp_prot}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|tcp_sendmsg}} ...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|inet_dgram_ops}} &amp; {{The Linux Kernel/id|udp_prot}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|udp_sendmsg}} ...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|inet_sockraw_ops}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|raw_prot}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|raw_sendmsg}} ...
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ping_prot}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|ping_v4_sendmsg}} ...
: In {{The Linux Kernel/id|af_unix_init}} initcall:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unix_family_ops}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unix_create}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unix_stream_ops}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|unix_stream_sendmsg}} ...
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unix_dgram_ops}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|unix_dgram_sendmsg}} ...
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unix_seqpacket_ops}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|unix_seqpacket_sendmsg}} ...


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/in.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/ip.h}} &amp;ndash; IPv4 address, protocol and header definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/ipv4}} &amp;ndash; IPv4 protocol stack
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/ipv6.h}} &amp;ndash; IPv6 definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/ipv6}} &amp;ndash; IPv6 protocol stack
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/tls}} &amp;ndash; kernel TLS (since 4.13)
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/xdp}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Express Data Path}} fast packet processing (since 4.8)
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/sched}} &amp;ndash; traffic control and QoS


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|tcp}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|udp}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|raw}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|tc}} &amp;ndash; traffic control
: {{w|Transport layer}} and {{w|Transmission_Control_Protocol|TCP}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dudp stress-ng --udp],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dudp%2Dflood --udp-flood],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dsctp --sctp]


=== RDMA ===
🚀 advanced topic


🗝️ Acronyms:
: IB — {{w|InfiniBand}}, an interconnect standard, competes with {{w|Ethernet}}, {{w|Fibre Channel}}
: IPoIB — IP network emulation layer over InfiniBand networks
: SRP — {{w|SCSI RDMA Protocol}}
: ULP — Upper-layer protocols
: iSER — {{w|iSCSI Extensions for RDMA}}


⚲ Interfaces:
: https://github.com/linux-rdma/rdma-core
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|rdma}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|rdma_cm}} — RDMA communication manager
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|include/uapi/rdma}} &amp;ndash; user-space RDMA API definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|include/rdma}} &amp;ndash; kernel RDMA API definitions


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/infiniband}} &amp;ndash; InfiniBand core and drivers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/infiniband/ulp}} — Upper-layer protocols
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/infiniband/sw}} — software drivers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/infiniband/hw}} — hardware device drivers 


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|InfiniBand|infiniband}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|InfiniBand and RDMA Interfaces|driver-api/infiniband.html}}

== {{w|Netfilter}} ==


🚀 advanced topic

⚲ Interface:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|ebtables-nft}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|arptables-nft}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|xtables-nft}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|iptables}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|ip6tables}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|ebtables}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|arptables}}
: ipset
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/netfilter.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/netfilter}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|net/netfilter}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|net/netns/netfilter.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/netfilter}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/netfilter/x_tables.h}} &amp;ndash; xtables match/target registration


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/netfilter}} &amp;ndash; packet filtering framework


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Netfilter Sysfs variables|networking/netfilter-sysctl.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Netfilter Conntrack Sysfs variables|networking/nf_conntrack-sysctl.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Netfilter’s flowtable infrastructure|networking/nf_flowtable.html}}
: {{w|nftables}}
: https://wiki.nftables.org/
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Networking-Packet_filtering

== Network device {{w|Network interface|interfaces}} ==

⚲ Interfaces
: &lt;code&gt;ip -brief link  show&lt;/code&gt;
: &lt;code&gt;ls -l /sys/class/net&lt;/code&gt;
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_register_netdev}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|net_device}}, net_device_ops
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|sk_buff}} socket buffer (skb)
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_queue_xmit}} queues socket buffers into transmit queue
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/netdevice.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/skbuff.h}}


👁 Example: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/net/loopback.c}} - the most famous and simple interface '''lo'''


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/core/dev.c}} &amp;ndash; network device operations core
: function {{The Linux Kernel/id|loopback_xmit}} receives skb and passes it back with {{The Linux Kernel/id|netif_rx}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Drawsock stress-ng --rawsock],
[https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dicmp%2Dflood --icmp-flood]

📚 Further reading
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|ip-link}} &amp;ndash; network device configuration
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|ip-stats}} &amp;ndash; manage and show interface statistics
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|netdevice}} &amp;ndash; low-level access to Linux network devices
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|packet}} &amp;ndash; packet interface on device level
: [https://www.coverfire.com/articles/queueing-in-the-linux-network-stack/ Queueing in the Linux Network Stack]


💾 Historical
: [http://www.tldp.org/LDP/tlk/net/net.html LDP TLK Chapter 10 Networks]

== Network drivers==

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/if_ether.h}} &amp;ndash; IEEE 802.3 Ethernet constants and header
:{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/etherdevice.h}}

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|netif_rx}} - before NAPI

: {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_pkt_queue}}

: {{w|New_API|NAPI}}
: [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/networking/napi NAPI Driver design]
:: ⚲ API:
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|netif_napi_add}} adds {{The Linux Kernel/id|napi_struct}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|napi_schedule}} - called by an IRQ handler to schedule a poll
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|netif_receive_skb}} - instead netif_rx, finally calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|ip_rcv}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|napi_complete_done}} - called from custom napi-&gt;poll()
:: ⚙️ Internals:
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|net_dev_init}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|net_rx_action}}
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|napi_poll}} calls custom napi-&gt;poll()
:: 👁 example
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|e1000_intr}} calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|__napi_schedule}}
::: custom napi-&gt;poll() {{The Linux Kernel/id|e1000e_poll}} calls {{The Linux Kernel/id|napi_complete_done}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ether_setup}} setups Ethernet network device
: 👁 An example of Ethernet driver: {{The Linux Kernel/id|e1000_probe}}


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/net}} &amp;ndash; network device drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/net/wireless}} &amp;ndash; wireless drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/net/ethernet}} &amp;ndash; Ethernet drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/wireless}} &amp;ndash; cfg80211, wireless configuration API and userspace interface via {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|iw}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/mac80211}} &amp;ndash; mac80211, software 802.11 MAC layer used by most WiFi drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/bluetooth}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Bluetooth}} protocol stack
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/bridge}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Ethernet bridging|networking/bridge.html}}


📚 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|ethtool}} &amp;ndash; query or control network driver and hardware settings
: [[w:Data link layer|Data link layer]]: [[w:Ethernet|Ethernet]]
: [https://lwn.net/Articles/358910/ GRO - Generic Receive Offload]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Segmentation Offloads|networking/segmentation-offloads.html}}
: https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org


&lt;hr&gt;


📚 Further reading
: [https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/#network-drivers LKMPG: Network Drivers]

💾 ''Historical'':
: [http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch14.html LDD2:Network Drivers]
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch17.pdf LDD3:Network Drivers]
: [http://www.tldp.org/HOWTO/KernelAnalysis-HOWTO-8.html Kernel Analysis: Networking, 2003]
: [https://web.archive.org/web/20111030030517/http://www.linuxfoundation.org/collaborate/workgroups/networking/networkoverview network_overview]


📖 Further reading about networking
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Networking interfaces|subsystem-apis.html#networking-interfaces}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Networking|networking}}
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Networking
: https://lartc.org/ &amp;ndash; Linux Advanced Routing &amp; Traffic Control
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|ip}} &amp;ndash; show / manipulate routing, network devices, interfaces and tunnels
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|tc}} &amp;ndash; show / manipulate traffic control settings
: [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/README.md#network-and-sockets-tools bcc/ebpf networking tools]
: [https://github.com/cilium/cilium eBPF-based Networking, Security, and Observability]
: [https://retis.readthedocs.io/ Retis &amp;ndash; tracing packets in the Linux networking stack &amp; friends]

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==Introduction==

This a list of computer hardware tested with mostly native AROS installs and, in the recommended sections, of virtual machines

With 64bit support it is recommended 8Gb ram is needed and that SSE 4.1 and AVX are supported in the CPU i.e. from year 2012 for Intel CPUs and 2013 for AMD CPUs. They are x86-64 instruction sets designed to perform the same operations on multiple data items simultaneously, a technique known as Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD). This allows for increased performance in tasks involving parallel computation. SSE 4.1 is a 128-bit SIMD instruction set, while AVX introduced 256-bit SIMD, further enhancing performance. Some apps require these features to run well, like 3D, multimedia decoding or JIT (javascript) in Odyssey web browser. If not the apps may work slower or might fail. 

If you have encountered differently (i.e. problems, incompatibilities, faults, annoyances, environment, errors, review of setup etc) please update this information. 
Please bear in mind that AROS has only a few hardware driver developers, whilst Linux counts in the tens and Windows in the hundreds. 


[[#Laptops]]
[[#Netbook]]
[[#Desktop Systems]]

[[#AMD Sockets]]
[[#Intel Sockets]]

[[#Recommended hardware (32-bit)]]
[[#Recommended hardware (64-bit)]]


=== Laptops ===

[[#top|...to the top]]


* 2006/2007 Dell Latitude D-series laptops - business class machines, good support in Aros, easy to replace wifi card 
* 2006 some [https://www.techradar.com/reviews/pc-mac/laptops-portable-pcs/laptops-and-netbooks/toshiba-satellite-pro-a200-28550/review Satellite Pro A200] 
* 2008 For the tiny carry anywhere, the early run of Acer Aspire netbooks 


Rough estimate from taking a random laptop notebook what you can expect from a Native install of AROS 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Date 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Overall 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx VESA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx 2D Acceleration 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx 3D Acceleration 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Before 2002 || Poor to OK || VESA 90% || 2D 10% || {{N/A}} || Audio 10% || 40% || Wired 70% || 2% || Max RAM 512MB 
|-
| 2002-2005 || OK || VESA 95% || 2D 10% || 3D 0% || Audio 30% || 70% || Wired 50% || 10% || Max RAM 2GB (for 32bit) 
|-
| 2005-2012 || Good || VESA 98% || 2D 60% || 3D 30% || Audio 40% || 80% || Wired 30% || 10% || Max RAM 3Gb (32bit) to 8GB (64bit) 
|-
| 2013-2017 || OK || VESA 98% || 2D 30% || 3D 0% || Audio 30% || 60% once usb3 completed || Wired 20% || 0% || Max RAM 8GB / 16GB better to go Intel / AMD Ryzen over AMD A series 
|-
| 2018-2024 || OK || VESA 98% || 2D 20% || 3D 0% || Audio 40% || 40% once usb3 completed || Wired 30% || 0% || Max RAM 32GB better 64bit options if has an internal dvd drive and working ethernet
|-
| 2025-202x || Poor || VESA 95% || 2D 0% || 3D 0% || Audio 0% || 0% || Wired 10% || 0% || Max RAM 64GB AI disruption of previous hardware 
|-
|}


3D tests now conducted with apps found in Demos/AROS/Mesa and run at default size (may need to View As -&gt; Show All to see them. 

 Any laptop with Windows 7(TM) 64bit or higher install, the bios and hard drive set in uefi/gpt mode (install of AROS incompatible) 

Most vendor suppliers get OEM (original equipment manufacturers) to make their laptops. These brand name companies purchase their laptops from 
*80% ODM (Original Design Manufacturer) such as Quanta, Compal, Wistron, Inventec, Foxconn (Hon Hai), Flextronics and Asus (now Pegatron) 
*20% MiTAC, FIC, Arima, Uniwill, ECS, Tonfang Origin and Clevo 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
| &lt;!--OK--&gt;{{Yes|'''Works well'''}} || &lt;!--May work--&gt;{{Maybe|'''Works a little'''}} || &lt;!--Not working--&gt;{{No|'''Does not work'''}} || &lt;!--Not applicable--&gt;{{N/A|'''N/A not applicable'''}}
|-
|}


====Acer/Gateway/Emachines====

Company founded under the name of Multitech in Taiwan in 1976, renamed to Acer or Acer Group in 1987

Order of build quality (Lowest to highest) 
&lt;pre &gt;
Packard Bell 
Aspire 
Extensa 
TimeLine
Travelmate 
&lt;/pre &gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;2%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Travelmate 505 506 507 508 Series || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P2 Celeron 466Mhz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes|boots}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA Neo Magic Magic Graph 128XD (NM2160)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|AC97 Crystal CS}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1998 minimal support but no audio etc - 506T, 506DX, 507T, 507DX, 508T 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;TravelMate 340 342 343 345 347 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;ALi M1621 with piii || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Trident Cyber 9525 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|ESS ES1969 Solo-1}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 ALi OHCI USB 1.1 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;a few have Intel e100 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2000 32bit - 340T, 341T, 342T, 342TV, 343TV, 345T, 347TV 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;TravelMate 350 351 352 353 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ali with piii || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Trident Cyber Blade DSTN/Ai1 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|ali5451}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 USB 1.1 Ali M5237 OHCI || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;e100 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Acer InviLink IEEE 802.11b || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2001 32bit very limited support but no support for PCMCIA O2 Micro OZ6933 - 350T, 351TEV, 352TEV, 353TEV 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;TravelMate 610 series 611 612 613 614 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;815 P3 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 82815 cgc || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB 1.1 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel e100 pro || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2001 32bit - 610TXVi 610T 611TXV 612TX 613TXC 
|-
| Aspire 3003LM || SIS AMD 3000 1.8GHz || {{yes}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SIS AGP M760GX (VESA only)}} || {{yes|AC97 SIS codec}} || 3 USB 2.0 || {{yes|SIS900}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4318 AirForce One 54g}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 sempron 
|-
| Travelmate 2310 Series ZL6 || Intel Celeron M 360 1.4GHz with SiS 661MX || {{yes}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SiS Mirage M661MX (VESA only)}} || {{yes|SIS SI7012 AC97 with realtek ALC203 codec speakers only}} ||  || {{yes|SIS900}} || {{N/A|LM version has pci card slot but no antenna}} || 2017 Icaros 2.1.1 || 2004 32bit - No USB boot option but boot from DVD - reports of wifi losing connection (isolate/remove the metallic grounding foil ends of the antennas) - 2312LM_L - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Aspire 3000 3002LMi 3500 5000 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD CPU W-with SIS M760 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;SIS 760 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;SIS || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;SIS 900 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM4318 swap for Atheros}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Aspire 3050 5020 5050 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Single and Turion MK-36 Dual and RS480 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Use VESA - RS482M Xpress 1100 or RS485M Xpress 1150 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio Realtek ALC883 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;8139 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros 5006G or Broadcom BCM 4318 || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit MK36 gets very hot 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;TravelMate 2410 2420 2430 series || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;915GM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel Mobile 915GMS 910GML || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel AC97 ICH6 with ALC203 codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB2.0 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL-8139 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros 5005GS || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit 2428AWXMi - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Acer Aspire 3610 - WISTRON MORAR 3614WLMI || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 915 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel GMA 2D and 3D}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=644066&amp;postcount=13 AC97]}}  || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL 8139 8139C+}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{Maybe|Atheros AR5001X+, AR5BMB5 or Broadcom 4318}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; Icaros 1.2.4 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit with good support [http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=6205188#post6205188 wifi issues] 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;TravelMate 2480 series 2483 WXMi (HannStar J MV4 94V) 2483NWXCi Aspire 3680, 3690 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;940GML i943 with Celeron 430 1.77GHz - 14.1&quot; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|2D and 3D openGL 1.x - Tunnel 181 gearbox 104 scores}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with ALC883 codec playback}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|3 USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvell 88E8038 yukon sky2}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros 5k AR5005G AR5BMB5 mini pci}} suspect laptop hardware issues || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 Works well shame about the internet options - noisy fan - poor battery life - no boot option for TI based mass storage sd card - Max 2GB memory - LCD Inverter Board IV12090/T-LF - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;TravelMate 2490 series 2492WXMi || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;940GML || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel 945 2D and 3D tunnel 164 gearbox 105}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4401}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros AR5005GS suspect hardware issue}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit - 15inch screen - strange curved up at ends keyboard style - overall plastic construction - Atheros AR5005G(s) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gateway ML6227B MA7 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Celeron M 520 1.6Ghz with 945GM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|945GM 2D and 3D tunnel 169 gearbox 132}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDA Intel with STAC9250 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvell 88E8038}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|8187L but swap ath5k mini pcie}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 15.4 ultrabrite widescreen - Wifi Switch on side Fn/F2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Acer Aspire 5630-6796 6288 BL50 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;T5200 T5500 Intel® Core™2 Duo T7200 T7400 T7600 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel® GMA 950 with S-Video out with 2D and 3D}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HDAudio with ALC883? codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|4 USB}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|Broadcom BCM4401}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 3945abg swap for Atheros 5K}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Tiny AROS || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 - 64bit 39.1 cm (15.4&quot; 1280 x 800) - 2 DDR2-SDRAM slots max 4GB - green mobo?? - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Acer Aspire 5633WMLI BL51 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;T5500 with Intel® 945PM/GM Express || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE mode}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Nvidia Go 7300 with 2D and 3D}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with Realtek codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|Broadcom 440x}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 3945 swap for Atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Tiny Aros || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 64 bit dual core2 - 15.4 WXGA screen - ddr2 max 4gb - OrbiCam no support - ENE chipset SD card - blue mobo?? - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Acer Aspire 9410 9420 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel Core Duo with 945PM Express || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|2D NVIDIA GeForce Go 7300 - 128 MB VRAM G72M}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|Intel HD audio with  codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|rtl8169 8111 }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 3945ABG but could swap with atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.3 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 32bit - 17in TFT 1,440 x 900 WXGA+ - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots max 4gb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;eMachines E510 series KAL10 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel Celeron M 560 2.13Ghz with PM965  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel x3100 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|Intel with  codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;Intel || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM5906M}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros G AR5BXB63 bios issue??}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 32bit very budget machine with InsydeH20 bios and F10 boot menu 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ACER Aspire 5920 [http://tim.id.au/laptops/acer/aspire%205920g.pdf 5920G] || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Santa Rosa Core 2 Duo T7300 T7500 later T9300 with GM965 and PM965(G) Express || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA for X3100M or 8600M GS (rev a1) 9500M GT 256MB vram (G) but some AMD/ATI RV635 M86 HD 3650}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD Audio with realtek alc268, [https://forums.opensuse.org/t/no-sound-on-acer-aspire-5920g/32392 ALC883] or Realtek ALC1200 / alc888s codec ICH8}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|USB2 }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM5787M}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Intel 3945ABG 4965 or Atheros 9k AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwood test iso 2023-01 2023-11 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 64bit boot with 'noacpi' or 'noioapic' - 15.4in 1280 x 800 pixels 16:10 - BMW Designworks ‘Gemstone’ design - over 3.0kg with options for 8-cell or 6-cell batteries - 2 SODIMM DDR2 667MT/s max 4GB - synaptics touchpad - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Acer A0521 Ao721 || Athlon II Neo K125 + AMD M880G || {{N/A}} || {{maybe| }} || {{maybe|ATI Radeon HD 4225 (VESA only)}} || {{No|Conexant}} || {{Maybe| }} || {{no|AR8152 l1c}} || {{unk|AR9285 ath9k}} || AspireOS 1.7 || 2006 64bit possible 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; Extensa 5630Z || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;T6600 with Intel GL40 Express || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|IDE mode}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{Yes|Intel GMA 4500M HD (2D)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{Yes|HD Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{Yes|USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{No|Broadcom BCM 5764M}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; {{No|RaLink RT2860}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 64bit 
|-
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Aspire 5250 series 5253 BZ400 BZ602 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;E350 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{no|VESA 2D for AMD HD6310}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HDaudio for codec Conexant CX20584}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Atheros AR8151}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Atheros 9k AR5B97}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Aspire V5 V5-121 V5121 AO725 One 725 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD C-70 C70 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{no|VESA for AMD 6290G}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|Realtek ALC269 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|2 x USB2}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Broadcom}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Aspire V5-122P MS2377 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;C-70 C70 with M55, AMD A4-1250 or A6 1450 up to 1.4Ghz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 8210 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDaudio with  codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|FCH USB EHCI OHCI}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|rtl8169 but LAN/VGA Combo Port Cable (AK.LAVGCA 001) or MiniCP port to Acer Converter Cable (Mini CP to VGA/LAN/USB) (NP.OTH11 00C) needed}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros 9k AR9565}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Aros One || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit but no sse4 or avx - 26w battery internal, extension possible - 11.6in 1366 x 768 ips touchscreen - 7mm hd ssd - 2gb ddr3l soldered with 1 slot free max 4GB - bios hacking needed for virtualisation - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Packard Bell EasyNote TE69 TE69KB 522 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;slow E1-2500, E2-3800 2c2t Dual or A4-5000 4c4t Quad both soldered BGA769 (FT3) on Hudson-2 FCH || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|Use IDE mode}} setting AHCI to IDE mode - boots if UEFI set to Legacy || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for ATI Radeon 8120 8240, 8320, 8330 or 8280 islands}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HDAudio with ALC282 0x10ec, 0x0282 codec but not HDMI}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|Bios, Boot, set Boot mode to Legacy, nothing from USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Atheros AR8171 AR8175 or Broadcom BCM57780}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9565 0x1969 0x10a1}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Aspire OS Xenon and AROS One 1.6 usb || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit with sse4.1 and AVX - 15.6in washed out screen big netbook - Boots with noacpi after using F2 to enter EFI firmware and f12 boot device - 2 ddr3 sodimm slots max 16Gb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASPIRE Acer Aspire ES1-520 521 522 Series N15C4 ES1-523 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD AMD E1-7010, A8-7410 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{partial|VESA for RADEON R5}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|Realtek ALC 233 or CX20752 HD AUDIO CODEC}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Atheros AR8151 Gigabit or Broadcom 590x}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek RTL8187 or 8812BU}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Aros One || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 64bit with sse4.1 and AVX - 2 ddr3l slots - keyboard connected to top case - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Nitro 5 an515-42 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 2500u || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD rx560x  || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;aspire 3 A315-41 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 2500u || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD Vega  || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;swift 3 sf315-41 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 2500u || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD Vega  || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Acer Aspire 3 A315-23 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 3020e, r3 3200u || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme  || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Aspire 3, 5 A515-44-R0ZN || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 5 4500u || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with ALC codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit - 14in or 15.6&quot; 1080p - 19v round charging - [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vr0tC3QJWxk repair], 4gb soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Swift 3 SF314-42 series N19C4 , Swift SF315-4 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 5 4500U, 7 4700U|| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme  || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit 1080p - small round ac 19v 3.42A or usb-c - mobo FH4FR LA-J731P - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Acer Swift 3 SF314-43, Swift SF315-41 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 7 5700U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme  || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit 1080p - small round ac or usb-c - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Aspire 5 A515-45 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;r7 5700U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - asus round ac - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Aspire 5 A515-47 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;ryzen 5 5625U,  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - asus round ac - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====Asus====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus L8400-K Medion MD9467 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel desktop 850MHz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;S3 Savage MX || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|ESS allegro 1988}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8139 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2001 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus L2000 L2400 L2D Series Medion 9675 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Athlon 4 mobile || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;use vesa sis630 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|sis7018}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;sis900 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2002 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;x51R X51RL || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Duo T2250 T2330 with RS480 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD with  codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|boots and detects}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|RTL-8139}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros AR5006EG AR5111 ath5k AzureWave AW-GE780 - could be ATI Chipset}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.2, deadwood 2021,  || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit 15.4 WXGA - 19v barrel - ESC boot select - F2 bios - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus R2H Ultra Mobile PC UMPC || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Celeron 900Mhz 910GML || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GMA900 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Ac97 ALC880 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;realtek 8169 8101e || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jm4fOrqyj3g boots] 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus A3 series A3F Ergo Ensis 211 RM || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P-M 1.6GHz to Core Duo with 950 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 945 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Ac97 ALC655 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8100CL 10/100 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit only 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Z33  || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;915 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;915GM || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio ALC880 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8139 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel 2915ABG || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit Z33A Z33AE N5M N5A 
|-
| Z70A Z70V Z70Va M6A z7000 z7000a || i915 + ICH6 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|mobile 915GML}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|ICH6 HD Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|USB2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Marvell 88E8001}} || {{no|Intel PRO 2200BG Fn / F2}} || Icaros 1.3 || 2005 32bit 
|-
| [http://www.progweb.com/en/2010/09/linux-sur-un-portable-asus-a6jm/ A6jm] A6JC || 945GM || IDE || SATA || {{yes|nVidia GeForce Go 7600 G70}} || {{no|HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|RTL8111 8168B}} || {{no|Intel 3945 ABG}} || Icaros  1.2.4 || 2006 32bit only 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;F3Jc || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945PM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;G72M Quadro NVS 110M, GeForce Go 7300 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;D audio || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;realtek 8169 8111 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel 3945 || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 32bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;X50GL F5GL || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;T5800 with 965 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA 2d - Nvidia 8200M G84 runs hot}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD Audio MCP79 with  codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|MCP79}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros AR5B91 AW-NE77}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.2 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 64bit not much support no display with nouveau - 19v barrel - ddr2 max 4gb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS G50 &amp; G51 series G50V G50Vt G51V G51VX G51J G51Jx G50VT X1 X5 ROG || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD64 with MCP71 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;nVidia GeForce 9800M GS (G94M) up to GT200 [GeForce GTX 260M] (G92M) || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Nvidia HD Audio with  codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Atheros L1C atl1c}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros G or Intel || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.3 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit not all GPUs are failing but a much higher % failing early, 8x00 and 9x00 G84, G86, G92, G94, and G96 series chips dying - ddr2 max 4gb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;M50V M50 series || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel Core 2 Duo P8400 or T9400 with Intel PM45 ICH9 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|BIOS set to compatibility IDE mode}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;NVIDIA GeForce 9600M GS or 9650M GT || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with Realtek ALC663 || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|rtl8169 realtek 8169 8111C}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Intel 5100 or Atheros AR928X}}|| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS One 2.0 USB || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit - 15.40 inch 16:10, 1680 x 1050 glossy - the &quot;Infusion&quot; design - heavy 3kg - ddr2 ram max 4gb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Series F9 F9E F9dc F9f F9j F9s || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;965GM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Vesa}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio ALC660 playback}}  || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|works}}  || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL8169 }}  || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|intel 3495 not working}}  || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.41 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit - ddr2 max 4gb - 
|-
| P52F SO006X || i3-370M || IDE || SATA || {{yes|nVidia G92 [GeForce 9800 GT] (2D)}} || {{no|Intel HD Audio}} || {{yes|2 USB2.0}} || {{no|Atheros AR8121 AR8113 AR8114 (l1e)}} || {{dunno}} || Icaros 1.3 || 2010 64bit - ddr3 slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus 
* X53U MB Ver K53U or K52U Asus K53U MB Ver K53U
* A53U XT2 X53B MB ver: K53BY (compal) 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Slow atom like speed E-350 (2011), E-450 (2011) on AMD M780G, much slower C-50 C50 (2012), C-60 C60 on the AMD A50M dark brown plastic build || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A|}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|Set IN Bios IDE MODE}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA ATi 6310M, 6320M later 6250M or 6290M}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD audio with alc269 codec Altec Lansing® Speakers}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|3 x USB2}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Unk|rtl8169 with RTL8111 phy}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros half height ar9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.2 and 2018 AROS One 1.6 USB || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 15.6in 1368 x 768 dull 50% srgb screen - f2 bios setup, esc boot drive - 5200 or 7800 mAh battery covers ASUS K53S K53E X54C X53S K84L X53SV X54HR K53F X53U laptops - 2 DDR3L slots max 8Gb - 19v barrel 5.5 / 2.5 mm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus K53T, Asus A53Z X53Z
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A4-3305M on AMD M780G, A6-3420M dark brown plastic build || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A|}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|Set IN Bios IDE MODE}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD 6520G, 7670M}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD audio with  codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|3 x USB2}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|rtl8169 with RTL8111 phy}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros half height}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS One USB || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 15.6in 1368 x 768 dull 50% srgb screen - f2 bios setup, esc boot drive - 2 DDR3L slots max 8Gb - 19v barrel 5.5 / 2.5 mm - Altec Lansing® Speakers - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;X55U X401U X501U 1225B || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;slow C-60 C60, C-70 C70 or E1 1200 E2 1800 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;6290G || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111 8169 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk| Atheros AR9485}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 -  11.6&quot; display - ram soldered - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus A43TA A53TA K53TA XE2 A73T || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A4-3300M, A6 3400M (laptop chip) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A|}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|Set IN Bios IDE MODE}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA AMD Radeon HD 6520G Integrated + HD 6470M (1GB GDDR3)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Unk|}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - f2 bios setup, esc boot drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;X102BA || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Llano E1 1200 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|ide bios setting}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon HD 8180 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL8101E RTL8102E || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk| Qualcomm Atheros AR9485}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 10.1” Touchscreen - special asus 45w ac adapter - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;K55N, K75DE || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD a6 4400M A8 4500M || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 7640G || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with ALC codec none through ATi Trinity HDMI || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk| Atheros AR9485}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 17.3-inch - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;X452EA X552EA F552E || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD E1 2100 or A4 5000M A8 4500M A10 4600M with A || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA for AMD ATI Sun XT Radeon HD 8330 8670A 8670M 8690M}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|AMD FCH Azalia rev 02 with ALC898 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{{Yes|Realtek RTL8111 8168 8411}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9485}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit may support avx kabini trinity - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus X555Y || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A6-7210 A8-7410 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|2.5&quot; and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD R5}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HD Audio codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|rtl8169 Realtek}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }}Realtek || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr3 slot - silver-colored plastic - internal battery - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus X555B X555DG X555S X555U X555YI X555LAB || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel Core i5-4210U to  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|2.5&quot; and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Intel}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio  with coxenant and realtek alc codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Realtek}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }}Realtek || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr3 slot - silver-colored plastic - internal battery - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus X555D || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A10-8700P || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{unk|2.5&quot; and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD R6}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HD Audio codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|Realtek}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit - 15.6in 1366 x 768 - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr3 slot - silver-coloured plastic - internal battery - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS X555Q || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD® Bristol Ridge A10-9600P 7th Gen, A12-9720p || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|2.5&quot; and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|R5 + Radeon™ R6 M435DX Dual Graphics with VRAM GCN 3}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek 8821AE}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit - FHD 15.6 1920x1080 - 37W battery internal - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr3 slot - internal battery - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS M509ba  || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A9-9425  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|2.5&quot; and mSATA form factors using SATA Rev 3.0 interface}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for RADEON R5}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit - 15.6in 1366 x 768 - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot max 16Gb - 19VDC 2.37A Max 45W 4.0mm x 1.35mm - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ExpertBook P1410, ASUS ExpertBook P1 P1510CD, Expertbook Y1511CD || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 3 3200U, Ryzen 5 3500U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for AMD}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDaudio with codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit 14in or 15.6in 768p to 1080p - keyboard swap problematic - 19V 3.42A asus barrel connector 4.0MM X 1.35MM 4phi - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUSTeK ASUS EXPERTBOOK L1 L1400CDA, L1500CDA - 19v 3.42a 4.5phi Barrel with centre pin Outer 4.5mm Inner 3mm asus special untested EXA1203XH, EXA1203YH, EXA1208UH, PA-1650-30, PA-1650-78, PA-1650-93, ADP-65GD B, ADP-65DW B (Euro) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;'''tested''' Ryzen 5 3500U - '''untested''' Ryzen 3 3200U, 3250U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{no|1 Nvme m.2 slot will not boot with sata3 m.2, optional 1 sata hdd with ribbon cable, no dvd drive}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for AMD vega 3, 8}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDaudio 0x15de 0x15e3 with ALC256 codec 0x10ec 0x0256}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 1 usb-c and 3 usb-a }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111HSH-CG }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;3500U with AROS One 64bit 1.2 usb installed to m.2 sata on another machine || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit 14in or 15.6in 1080p - keyboard swap problematic - up to 8Gb ddr4 sodimm soldered on board and 1 slot - micro sd card slot on some models  - 42Whr B31N1915 C31N1915 C31N2204 - hold down F2 and press power for bios setup - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== Dell ====

[[#top|...to the top]]

Order of build quality (Lowest to highest) 
&lt;pre &gt;
Studio 
Inspiron 
Vostro 
XPS
Alienware  
Precision 
Latitude 
&lt;/pre &gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude CP 233GT, CPi d233xt d266xt D300XT a366xt, CPt S400GT S500GT S550GT S600GT S700ST, CPt C333GT C400GT || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Neo Magic || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Use VESA - Neo magic Magic Media 2160 2360 256ZX || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|crystal pnp 4237b or magic media 256zx sound nm2360}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB 1.1 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1998 32bit Low-Density 16-chip 144p 144-pin 32Mx64 3.3V SODIMM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dell Latitude CPx H450GT H500GT H Series, CPt V433GT V466GT V600, Inspiron 5000 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 440BX with Pentium 3M (CPx) or Celeron (CPt) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Use Vesa - ATi Rage Pro Mobility M1}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|ESS ES1978 Maestro 2E Canyon 3D}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|1 slot 1.1 only}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;NB May 2013 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1998 32bit - 3 pin PA-6 PA6 power adapter plug - CDROM DVD Cxxx family media bay accessories untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude C500 C600 (Quanta TM6) Inspiron 4000 7500, CPx J Series || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;440BX ZX/DX || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{partial|ATI Rage 128Pro Mobility M3 (VESA only)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|ES1983S Maestro 3i}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|USB 1.1 only}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A|some models had mini pci e100}}|| &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A|a few came with internal antenna wiring}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;1999 square 3 pin charger PA9 PA-9 - C/Dock II untested - C/Port untested - Parallel to Floppy cable untested - CPx J600GT J650GT J700GT J750GT J800GT J850GT 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude C510 C610 Insprion 4100 PP01L 2600 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;i830 and 1GHz+ P3-M ||  &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{partial|use VESA - ATI Radeon Mobility M6}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|AC97 CS4205}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|3Com Etherlink}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{Maybe|internal antenna wiring for an Atheros mini pci card}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2000 poor build quality - hard to find in good working order 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude C400 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 830 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA Intel 830 CGC}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|ac97 Crystal 4205}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|3Com 3c905C TX/TX-M}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2000 Slim for the time - no media bays 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude C640 (Quanta TM8) C840 Inspiron 8k2 8200 i8200 precision m50 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P4M with 845EP || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;use VESA if ATi - use nouveau if 64mb Nvidia Gforce 4 440 Go  || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 CS4205 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;3com 905c || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2001 C640 had one fan so was noisy and hot - C840 had 2 fans and ran slightly cooler but fan noise louder
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| Latitude D400 || P-M 82845 || {{yes|82801 ide}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|VESA only}} || {{yes|AC97 Audio playback only}} || {{maybe|USB 2.0}} || {{maybe|PRO 100 VM (KM)}} || {{no|BCM4318 AirForce one 54g replace with atheros 5k mini pci}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 32bit might boot from USB stick but won't boot from USB-DVD - no sd card slot - power plug style - 
|-
| Latitude D500 / D505 PP10L, Inspiron 510m 
|| 855GME 
* revA00
* revA03
* revA06
| {{yes|IDE but needs the Dell adapter}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|855GM Gfx (VESA only)}} || {{Yes|Intel AC97 with IDT STAC 9750 codec playback head phones only}} || {{maybe| }} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100 VE}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4306 but exchange with atheros g in panel on laptop bottom}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || 2003 - 14 / 15 inch XGA 4:3 screen - plastic build - no sd card slot - boots from bay optical drive - not powering on/off with ac adapter is a [http://www.geekzone.co.nz/forums.asp?forumid=37&amp;topicid=30585 mobo fault of PC13 SMT 1206 ceramic cap hot] suggest [http://www.die4laser.com/D505fix/ 0.1uF 50V instead] - pc2700 333Mhz ram 1Gb max - 
|-
| Latitude D505 (some) || VIA VT8237 VX700 || {{yes|IDE}} ||  || {{partial|VESA 2d on ATI RV350 Radeon 9550}} || {{no|VIA AC97 with  codec}} || {{maybe|VIA USB glitchy}} || {{yes|VIA VT6102 Rhine-II}} || {{no|Intel 2200g Calexico2}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || 2003 32bit little support - diagnostics pressing holding the Fn key, press the Power ON button (battery removed). Check the LEDs pattern - cmos battery behind flap in laptop battery slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 1000 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;SIS || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|use VESA SIS}}  || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|AC97 SIS with AD1981B codec playback}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|SIS 900 but}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit [https://forum.level1techs.com/t/my-time-with-icaros-desktop-and-what-i-am-doing-as-a-dev-contributor-also-some-other-shit/113358 aremis using it]
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 1100 PP07L || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;845 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA Intel 845G}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|AC'97 playback}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Broadcom 4401}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.5 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 8500 5150 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P4 855GM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Nvidia 5200 Go - VESA if intel gfx}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|MCP AC97 with SigmaTel 9750}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Broadcom 440x}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom 4306 rev 02 use Atheros Mini PCI}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.3 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit P4 runs well but hot 
|-
| Latitude X300 PP04S small, slim and light case 
|| 855GME 
* revA00 Intel ULV 1.2 Ghz
* revA01 Intel ULV 1.4Ghz 
| {{yes|IDE internal and will boot cd/dvd through dock PR04S}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|855GM Gfx (VESA only)}} || {{Yes|Intel AC97 with STAC 97xx codec but no audio out of the dock}} || {{maybe|works but dock usb ports and usb DVD PD01S not detected}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM5705M gigabit}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4306 later intel - replace with atheros in the underside}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1, 2020 AROS One 1.6 usb,  || 2003 12.1&quot; 1024 x 768 - 19.5v PA-10 or PA-12 dell - ACPI works but bad s3 ram suspend sleep - no sd card boot - 1Gb max sodimm ddr 2700 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D600 (Quanta JM2) PP05L - 600m 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;82855 PM i855 
* reva00
* revA01 
* revA02 
* revA03 
* revA04 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Use VESA - ATI Radeon RV250 Mobility FireGL 9000}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|AC97 -  STAC 9750}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM5705}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel 2100 or Broadcom BCM4306 - swap for Atheros panel in base}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2011 Icaros 1.3 and [http://www.amiga.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-62187.html 1.4.1 and 2016 2.1.1] || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2003 32bit 14inch using pc2100 memory with Caps light blinking is usually a memory error - Dell D505 D600 power up pressing the case docking port - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D600 (Quanta JM2) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;82855 PM i855 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|2D only vidia NV28 GeForce4 Ti 4200 Go 5200 Go 5650 Go}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|AC97 - STAC 9750}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM5705}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM4306 mini pci - swap for Atheros}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; Icaros 1.3 and [http://www.amiga.org/forums/archive/index.php/t-62187.html 1.4.1] || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2003 32bit 14&quot; - solder joints on the bios chip (press down f7/f8 keys) - RAM clean with eraser - memory cover plate maybe apply some pressure - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;D800 (Compal LA-1901) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 855 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Broadcom 570x || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Broadcom 4309 || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit - trackpoint type pointing device - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;D800 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 855 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{No|Nvidia }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Broadcom 570x || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Broadcom 4309 || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit 15inch 39cm
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 1200 2200 PP10S Latitude 110L m350 1.3Ghz || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 915GM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{yes|UDMA boots cd or DVD and installs to HDisk}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{N/A}}|| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA900 (2D and 3D openGL 1.x) Gearbox 56}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|Intel AC97 playback only}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|Intel PRO 100 VE}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|BroadCom BCM4318 - swap for Atheros mini PCI in base panel}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.4.5 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 single core 32bit 14&quot; 4:3 1024 768 XGA screen - heavy 6 lbs - PA16 barrel 19V 3.16A AC adapter - battery life 4cell 29WHr lasts 2 hours - 256mb soldered with 1 ddr pc2100 sodimm 1gb max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 1300 business B130 home PP21L Latitude 120L B120 by Compal - Inspiron 630m || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel Celeron M360 1.4GHz, M370 1.50 GHz, M380 1.73GHz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes|boots cd or DVD and installs to HDisk}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|GMA 915 2D and 3D openGL 1.x tunnel 172 gearbox 70}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio playback ear phones only}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|works but waiting boot fail with AROS One usb version}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Broadcom 440x}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|intel 2200 or BCM4318 swap for Atheros mini pci underside - one antenna lead for main wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.2, 2020 AROS One 1.6 usb,  || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit single core - 14.1″ XGA 4:3 or 15.4&quot; WXGA wide 1280 x 800 matte - ddr2 sodimm ram 2gb max - PA-16 19v psu tip 7.4mm * 5mm - f10 boot select f1 f2 bios 
|-
| Latitude X1 PP05S || PP-M GMA915 rev A00 1.1GHz non-pae || {{yes|ide 1.8in zif/ce under keyboard}} || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|Vesa for Intel 915GM}} || {{yes|AC97 6.6 playback only with STAC codec}} || {{maybe|USB 2.0 but partial boot to blank screen}} || {{No|Broadcom 5751}} || {{no|Intel 2200BG - swap for Atheros mini pci under keyboard palm rest - disassembly of all laptop}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.3 dvd iso image virtualbox'd onto usb, Aros One 1.5 and 1.8 usb (2022) || 2005 32bit 12.1&quot; 4:3 1024 x 768 - sd slot not bootable - 256mb soldered to board and 1 sodimm max 1GB ddr2 under keyboard - F12 bios boot F2 - pa-17 pa17 19v octagonal psu port 
|-
| Latitude D410 PP06S 
*rev A00 
*A01, A02 
*A03 
|| GMA915 1.6GHz Pentium® M 730, 1.7GHz, 750 1.86GHz &amp; 760 2.0GHz, 770 2.13GHz || {{yes|caddy and adapter needed 2.5&quot; - remove hdd and write}} || {{N/A}} || {{Yes|Intel 915GM 2D and 3D OpenGL 1.3 tunnel 170 and gearbox 75}} || {{yes|AC97 playback only with STAC 9751 codec}} || {{maybe|works but will not boot from USB-DVD or AROS One 1.5 usb version}} || {{No|Broadcom 5751}} || {{no|Intel 2915ABG or later 2200BG - swap for Atheros mini pci under keyboard}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2015 Icaros 1.4, 2016 2.1.1 and AROS One 1.5 usb,  || 2005 32bit 12.1&quot; 4:3 1024 x 768 - no sd card slot - PR06S dock base 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D510 (Quanta DM1) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;915GM socket 479 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{partial|IDE mode}}|| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA 915 2D and 3D}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|AC97 STAC 975x}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{maybe|USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM5751}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG swap Atheros mini pci in base}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 14.1&quot; 32bit single core Intel Celeron M 1.6GHz Pentium M 730 1.73Ghz - squarish 3:2 - issues with 3rd party battery 4 quick flashes of red led with 1 final green 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D610 (Quanta JM5B) PP11L 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;910GML 915GM with mobile 1.6 to 2.26ghz 
* Rev A0x 
* Rev A0x 
* Rev A07 1.73Ghz 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{partial|IDE mode}}|| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA 915 2D and 3D tunnel 174 gearbox 74}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|Intel AC97 speaker head phones playback only with stac codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{maybe|USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM5751}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel 2200BG or Broadcom mini pci under keyboard, swap wifi card for atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit 14&quot; 1024 x 768 - very noisy clicky trackpad buttons - one dimm slot under keyboard and other in underside 2GB 533Mhz 667Mhz DDR2 max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D610 (Quanta JM5B) 0C4717 REV A05, 0K3879 REV.A00 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;915GM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{partial|IDE mode}}|| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Use VESA 2d - Ati X300 no radeon 2d}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|Intel AC97}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{maybe|USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom NetXtreme 57xx Gigabit replace with Atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG mini pci use Atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit 14&quot; 1024 x 768 - very noisy clicky trackpad buttons - 19.5v psu 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D810 (Quanta ) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;915GM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Use VESA 2d - Ati X300 RV370 M22 later x600}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|Intel AC97 stereo playback only idt 9751 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{maybe|USB 2.0 but no boot from usb on 1.5}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom NetXtreme 57xx Gigabit}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG mini pci replace with Atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2017 Icaros 2.1.1, aros one 1.5 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit 15.4&quot; F12 one time boot menu - 19.5v 90w psu ideal - battery not same as later dx20 ones - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 6000 6400, E1505 PP20L 
*A00 Pentium M 
*A0? Core Duo 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;GM945 with PM 1.73Ghz, T2050 or T2060 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|vesa 2d - Ati 9700, x1300 RV515 M52, x1400 or nvidia go 7300 on mxm board}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio IDT 9200}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|usb boot }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Broadcom BCM4401 B0}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 2200 3945 - swap for Atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1, AROS One 1.6 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 mostly 32bit - 15.4 inch glossy - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots - broadcom bcm92045 bluetooth detected but no support - 19.5v dell psu socket - f2 bios setup, f12 boot order - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspirion E1705 9200 9300 9400 PP12L PP14L || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;proprietary Dell card/socket format Nvidia 6800, ati X300 or nVidia 7900GS gpu 3d corrupt || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4401}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel 3945 swap with Atheros 5k mini pcie || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?mode=flat&amp;order=0&amp;item_id=6481 increasing vertical lines issues] 32bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Studio XPS M1210 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;GM945 with Core Duo to intel C2D T5500, T7400 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;nVidia G72M 7300 7400m || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio IDT 92xx || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4401 B0}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM4311 - swap for Atheros 5k mini pci-e}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 64bit - 2 ddr2 slots max 4Gb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 1501 PP23LA Latitude 131L || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Sempron 1.8GHz Turion MK-36 or X2 1.6Ghz TL-50 or TL-56 on ATI RS480 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Use VESA 2d - ATI 1150 (x300) RS482M Mobility Radeon Xpress 200}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD audio with stac 92xx codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Broadcom bcm 4401}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom bcm4311 replace with Atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.5 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 64bit 15.4 inch matt 16:10 1280x800 WXGA -  
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 6400 (Quanta FM1)
*A00 Pentium M 
*A0? Core Duo  
*A08 Core2 Duo 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;GM945 with BGA479 (socket M) T2050 1.6Ghz, T2060 1.60Ghz, T2080 1.73Ghz much later T5500 1.66Ghz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|GMA 2D and 3D}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with IDT 92xx codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Broadcom BCM4401 B0}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM4311 swap for Atheros 5k mini pci-e under keyboard}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;deadwood 2019-04-16 iso || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 mostly 32bit - 15.4&quot; glossy - sd card - front multimedia keys - dvd rw - generic dell keyboard - coin cr2032 bios battery under keyboard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 640m PP19L XPS M140 e1405 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Core Solo T2050, T2300 Duo 1.83GHz T2400 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel GMA 950 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio IDT || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Broadcom BCM4401-B0 100Base || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 3945 or Broadcom 43xx, swap for Atheros 5k - Wireless Internet ON or OFF press the Function key + F2}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32 bit - 12.1 LCD CCFL WXGA 1280x800 up to 14.1 inch 16:10 1440x900 pixel, WXGA+ UltraSharp - supports also SSE3 on duos - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D420 (Compal LA-3071P) PP09S 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945 
* revA00 Solo 1.2Ghz ULV U1400
* revA01 Duo 1.06Ghz u2500
* revA02 Duo 1.2Ghz 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes|ZIF/CE 1.8&quot; slow under battery, ribbon cable}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA950 - 2D and 3D opengl tunnel 138 gearbox 103}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio with STAC 92xx playback speakers head phones only)}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|2 and external usb optical drive works}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM5752}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 3945 mini pcie - swap Atheros 5k in base panel}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros Desktop 1.4 || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2006 32bit only - 12.1&quot; 1280x800 - PR09S dock base rev02 DVD-RW usb boots - 1GB DDR2 2Rx16 max in base panel - f2 setup f5 diagnostics f12 boot list - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D520 PP17L 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
* 64bit rev A01, A02 945GM Core2 Duo 1.83Ghz to 2.3Ghz 
* 32bit rev A00, A01 940GML Solo later Duo T2400 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| Philips SDR089, Philips CDD5263, TEAC DW224EV, Optiarc AD-5540A, HL-DL-ST GSAT21N, TSSTcorp TS-L632D}} || {{Yes|bios sata set to ide mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 900 series 2D and OpenGL1 3D tunnel 210 gearbox 153 teapot 27}} || {{Yes|HD audio with STAC 9200 codec}} || {{Yes|Boots and detects USB2.0}} || {{Yes|Broadcom 4400}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM4312 BCM4321 Dell 1390 / 1490 mini pcie - easy to replace with atheros 5k in base panel}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.4 and 2.2 and both AROS One 1.8 and AROS One x64 1.1 USB boot || 2006 mostly 64bit 4:3 aspect ratio 14.1 (XGA 1024x768) or later 15 inches (XGA+ 1400 by 1050) - F2 enter bios F12 choose boot - 19.5v dell tip pa-12 charger - bios coin cell cr2032 battery socketed in base panel - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D620 (Compal LA-2792) PP18L 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GMS 
* rev A00 all Core Duo's 32 bit 
* rev A0x all Core 2 Duo's 64 bit 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel GMA 950 (2D and 3D tunnel gearbox opengl1 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio playback}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM5752}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel 3945 mini pcie swap with Atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AspireOS Xenon || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2006 64bit AROS capable with later revisions - 14&quot; 1280 x 800 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D620 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel i945
* revA00 all Core Duo's 32 bit 
* revA01 all Core 2 Duo's 64 bit 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Nvidia 7300, 7600 NVS 110M G72 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{dunno|HD Audio with STAC 9200 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM5752}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; {{dunno}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2007 1440x900 screen - LA-2792P Rev.2.0 - DT785 UC218 Fan/ Heatsink (64bit) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D820 (Quanta JM6) 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GMS 940GML 
* rev A00 
* rev A01 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel GMA 2D and 3D tunnel 195 - 100? gearbox 156}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with STAC 9200 playback}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM5752}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|BCM4310 replace with mini pcie atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.2 || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2007 widescreen 15 inch 1280 x 800 matte -  - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D820 (Quanta JM) 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GMS 940GML 
* revA00 
* revA01 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Nvidia NVS 110M 120M G72}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio STAC 9200}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM5752}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|BCM4310 swap with Atheros 5k mini pcie}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2007 64bit 15.4 1650x1050 WXGA or WSXGA+ or 1920x1200 WUXGA - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dell Latitude D531 15&quot; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Turion X2 TL56 or TL60 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Use VESA - ATi xpress X1270}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with IDT codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom 57xx}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel 3945 or Dell Wireless 1390, 1505 or BCM4311 mini pcie || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 64bit possible - no trackpoint - fails and goes wrong often - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D430 PP09S 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945 with Core2 Duo C2D U7500 1.06GHz U7600 1.2GHz U7700 1.33GHz 
* rev A00 
* rev A01  
* rev A02 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;ZIF PATA IDE 1.8inch under battery and ribbon cable - slow use USB instead || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|945GML 2D and 3D opengl 1.x 171 tunnel 105 gearbox}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|STAC 92xx HD Audio speaker and ear phone - mono speaker}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|3 }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM5752}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel 4965 AGN or 3945 ABG mini pci-e underside with Atheros 5k mini pci-e}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Aspire 1.8 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 64bit capable - sd card not supported - 19.5v PA12 power adapter - 12.1&quot; 1280x800 matte - f2 setup f5 diagnostics f12 boot list - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D530 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;GM965 + ICH8 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{partial|IDE mode}}|| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{partial|nVidia Quadro NVS 135M 2D 3d glitches G86}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{partial|HD Audio with STAC 9205 head phones only}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|USB 2.0}}|| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM5755M}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 3945ABG swap with Atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.4.5 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?mode=flat&amp;order=0&amp;item_id=6481 ] cool air intake from underneath needed with pa-10 or pa-3e 90w psu required - standard 4:3 ratio aspect screen - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D630 (Compal LA-3301P) PP18L 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;GM965 + ICH8 T7250 2.0Ghz T7300 
* revA00 
* revA01 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA X3100 (2D only, no external monitor)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio STAC 9205 but speaker and head phones}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|4 USB 2.0}}|| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM5755M}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM4312 swap with pci-e Atheros 5k under keyboard}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 64bit possible - F12 to choose boot option - 2 ddr2 sodimm max 4G - 4400mah 48Wh battery lasts 2 hours - 6600mah 73Wh lasts just over 3 hours 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D630 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;GM965 + ICH8 
* revA00 [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?mode=flat&amp;order=0&amp;item_id=6481 ] GPU heatpad, no copper 
* revA01 0DT785 heatsink 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{partial|IDE mode}}|| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{partial|use VESA as nVidia NVS 135M 3d corrupts 0.7 tunnel 0.25 gearbox G86}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{partial|HD Audio with STAC 9205 head phones only}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|USB 2.0}}|| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM5755M}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 3945ABG swap with Atheros 5k mini pcie}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.4.5 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D830 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;965GM with Core2 
* revA00 
* revA01 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|GM965 crestline 2d and 3d tunnel 115}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{Maybe|replace with Atheros 5k mini pcie}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 15 inch 1280 x 900 but updating the LCD to WXGA or WSXGA+ could be better - 2 ddr2 sodimm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude D830 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;ICH8, Core2 DUO T7800 @ 2.60GHz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Intel ICH8M Serial ATA || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;nVidia Quadro NVS 140M G86 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio with STAC 92XX codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Broadcom NetXtreme 57xx Gigabit || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel Wireless 4965AGN swap with Atheros 5k || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.03 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 64bit 15.&quot; - FN,F2 or FN,F8 or FN,F12 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;XPS M1710 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945PM with T2400 T2600 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;proprietary Dell card socket format GTX 7950 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with STAC 92XX codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel 1000 or Broadcom BCM5752 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel swap with Atheros 5k || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Aros One 64bit || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 64bit 17.3&quot; workstation type WXGA+ screen 1920x1200 - 2 ddr-2 667Mhz sodimm slots, 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;XPS M1730 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;965 with T7200 T7600 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GTX 7950 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with STAC 92XX codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel 1000 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel swap with Atheros 5k || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 64bit 17&quot; workstation type WXGA+ screen manufactured by AU Optronics poor viewing angles, unevenly lit, light leakage, 2 ddr-2 800Mhz slots, 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude E6410 P27LA, E6510 PP30LA, E6310 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel Core i5-520M to i7-620M i7 820QM but no sse4.1 or AVX || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|NVidia NVS 3100M GT218 2D but 3D through external monitor}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HD Audio IDT 92HD81}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|USB2 }}  || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Intel}}  || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom or Intel 6200AGN or Link 6300}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.3 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 64 bit - 14.1” WXGA+ up to 15.6in 15.6” FHD 1080p - 2 ddr3l 1333Mhz max 8Gb - 90w dell charger - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron M5030 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;rev A01 AMD V120, V140 rev A0? V160 M880G || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA RS880M Radeon HD 4225, 4250}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD audio with ALC269q codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Atheros AR8152 v2}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - DDR3 sodimm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;E6420 E6520 ATG semi ruggized XFR || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;sandy bridge i5 2520M 2540M or duo I7 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|set to Bios UEFI mode AHCI}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Intel HD 3000 with optional fermi Nvidia NVS 4200M GF119}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HD Audio with IDT 92HD90 BXX codec but not HDMI codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Intel}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 6205}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.03 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit 15.6in - fan exhausts a lot of hot air when cpu taxed - VGA if Bios ATA set and Vesa only with Bios ACHI set - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron M5040 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;slow amd E450, later C-50 C50 or C-60 C60 with A50M chipset || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|non efi sata in IDE mode but base plastic difficult to remove for access}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA AMD Radeon 6320, 6250 or 6290}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio IDT}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8105E VB 10/100}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 icaros 2.1.1 and AROS USB 1.6 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit 15INCH 1388 X 768 - f2 bios setup, f12 boot order - under removable keyboard via 4 top spring loaded catches is 1 ddr3l sodimm max 8gb and wifi - 
|-
| Latitude e6230 E6330 E6430 || i3 3320M 3350M 2.8 GHz i5 3360M i7 3520M || {{N/A}} || {{partial|non RAID mode}} || {{partial|Intel HD 4000 (VESA only)}} || {{no|HD Audio}} || {{partial|Intel USB 3.0 (USB 1.1 2.0 only)}} || {{No|Intel 82579LM Gigabit}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM4313}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Nightly Build 2014 09-27 || 2013 64bit Ivy Bridge - 12.5-inch 13.3-inch 14-inch screen - not great support, better under hosted - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dell Latitude 3330 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Core i3 – 2375M  to i5 – 3337U, Intel® Core i3 – 3227U, Celeron 1007U on HM77 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA 2d for intel Hd 2000 3000 vga hdmi}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|HDAudio with IDT 92HD93 Controller codec }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB 3.0 (2), USB 2.0 PowerShare capable }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwood usb3 test iso || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit, 13.3” HD 1366X768 16:9, 2 ddr3l slots max 8Gb, 720p HD video webcam, 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 15 5565 5567 AMD versions, Inspiron 3595 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A6-9200u A9-9400 9425 A12-9700P Bristol Ridge || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon R5 R8 GCN 3 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{partial| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|Realtek 1GbE}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit AVX2 - 15.6in 768p or 900p - there are intel versions avoid - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude 5495, Inspiron 15 3585 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 2300U 2500U 2700U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|NVMe or optional 2.5in sata if caddy and ribbon cable}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon Vega 3 or 7 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3246 aka ALC295 0x10ec, 0x0295 or ALC3263 aka ALC 0x10ec, 0x0 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|Realtek}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 14.0&quot; FHD WVA 1080p (16:9) 220 nits or HD 768p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 32gb - 68whr battery with 2pin cmos bios coin - DC 19.5V 4.62A (90W) or 19.5V 3.34W (65W) 5.0mm x 7.4mm PA12 charging adapter - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 3505, Vostro 3515 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;athlon 300u, Ryzen 3250u (2c4t) 3450u 3500u 3700u (4c8t), Athlon Silver (2c2t) Gold (2c4t) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|up to 2 nvme with optional 2.5in sata ribbon connector}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 8, 10}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|Realtek ALC3204, Cirrus Logic CS8409 (CS42L42 and SN005825)}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|RTL 8106E}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek RTL8723DE}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64-bit - 15.6inch - 2 ddr4 sodimm max 16G - avoid knocking usb-c charging whilst in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 5485 2-in-1 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;athlon 300u, Ryzen 3250u (2c4t) 3450u 3500u 3700u (4c8t), Athlon Silver (2c2t) Gold (2c4t) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|nvme}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 8, 10}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|Realtek ALC3204}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek RTL8723DE}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64-bit - 14inch - 2 ddr4 sodimm max 16G - avoid knocking usb-c charging whilst in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude 3500, 3310, 3410, 3510, || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel Celeron-4205U, Pentium-5405U, Core i5 (8th Gen) i3-8145U, 8265U, i5-8365U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|nvme}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2D for Intel UHD Graphics 610 or 620 hdmi}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HDAudio with Realtek ALC}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 usb-c usb-a}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111H}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - 14in or 15.6in 768p to 1080p 220nits - 65w - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - rtc cr2032 cmos 2 pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 5405 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 5 4500U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;One M.2 2230/2280 nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3204 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit - 14&quot; 1080p - dell round ac 19.50 VDC 4.50 mm x 2.90 mm 65W(19.5V-3.34A) round 4.5mm tip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron 5415, Inspiron 5515 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 3 5300U, Ryzen 5 5500U, Ryzen 7 5700U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|nvme}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDaudio with realtek ALC3254 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit 14&quot; or 15.6in - avoid knocking usb-c charging whilst in use or use dell round ac 65W 4.5MM x 3.0MM - replacing keyboard not easy - 1 ddr4 sodimm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Vostro 3425, Vostro 3525, Vostro 5625 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 3 5425U, Ryzen 5 5625U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HDAudio with codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB4}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit - 14in 15.6&quot; to 16&quot; FHD 1080p - dell round ac 65w 4.5MM x 3.0MM or avoid knocking usb-c charging whilst in use - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dell Inspiron 15 Model 3535, Inspiron 14 7435  || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 5 7520U, AMD Ryzen 5 7530U, 7 7730U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{No| hdmi 1.4 but no gpmi}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDaudio with codec }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2024 64bit - 14.0&quot; or 15.6&quot; 1080p - dell round ac 65w 4.5MM x 3.0MM or usb-c charging - full sd card slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


====Fujitsu-Siemens====

[[#top|...to the top]]

Order of build quality (Lowest to highest)
&lt;pre &gt;
Amilo 
Esprimo 
Lifebook 
&lt;/pre &gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Fujitsu [http://www.labri.fr/perso/fleury/index.php?page=bug_transmeta FMV-Biblo Loox S73A (Japan P1100) LifeBook P1120 Biblo Loox T93C (Japan P2120) P2020] || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Transmeta Crusoe CPU TM5600 633MHz with Ali M1535 chipset || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;ATI Rage Mobility M with 4MB SDRAM || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|AC97 Ali M1535 + STAC9723 Codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB 1.1 only || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1999 32bit 10&quot; 1280 x 600 matte LCD - QuickPoint IV mouse - metal chassis with palm rest plastic - 15GB 2.5 inch drive and SR 8175 8X DVD-ROM drive -  
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Lifebook S7000 S7010 S7010D S2020 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Pentium M 1.6 or 1.7GHz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA - Intel 855}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|AC97 with STAC 9751T or 9767 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros, Broadcom or Intel 2200BG - FN,F10}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2002 32bit 14.1 inch with minimal support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Lifebook e8010 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA Intel 855GM}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 STAC9767 or ALC203 codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom NetXtreme BCM5705M}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.3.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2002 32bit 15.1 inch
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Stylistic ST5000 ST5010 ST5011 ST5012 ST5020 ST5021 ST5022 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;1.0GHz P-M and later 1.1GHz on Intel 855GME || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 800 use VESA || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel AC97 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Broadcom BCM5788 tg3 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 2200BG}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit charged via a proprietary port power connector 16V 3.75A with wacom serial pen interface - indoor Screen transmissive 10.1 and later 12.1 XGA TFT - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Amilo Pro V2010  || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;VIA CN400 PM880 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{No|S3 unichrome use VESA}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|VIA AC97 VT8237 with  codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Rhine 6102 6103 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;RaLink RT2500 || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit boot mount - unknown bootstrap error then crashes 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Amilo Li 1705 CN896 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; with VIA P4M900 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|IDE}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;ATi || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|VIA VT8237 HD Audio  with  codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;VT82xx 62xx || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|VIA Rhine}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros G}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit random freezes
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; Esprimo Mobile V5535 Skt mPGA 478MN 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{yes|IDE and EIDE}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{maybe|IDE mode with SIS 5513}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{maybe|SiS 771 / 671 (VESA only)}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{yes|HD Audio SIS968 SIS966 SI7012 with ALC268 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{no|USB 1.1 and 2.0 issues}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{no|SiS 191 gigabit}}
| &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; {{yes|Atheros AR5001 mini pci express}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;aros one 1.5 usb 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit 20v barrel - f2 setup f12 multi boot - random freezing short time after booting - chipset SIS 671MX - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Amilo SI 1520 1521p || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|GMA 2D}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD Audio Conexant codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Intel Pro 100}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.4.2 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit - Set Bios option ATA Control Mode to Compatible 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Lifebook S7020 S7020D || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; Pentium M 740 1.73MHz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 915 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio ALC260 codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Broadcom BCM5751M Gigabit || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG or Atheros 5k || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Stylistic ST5030 ST5031 ST5032 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;1 to 1.2GHx Pentium M with 915GM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 900 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Marvell || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit charged via a proprietary port power connector 6.0 x 4.4 mm round - 200 pin ddr2 ram 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Stylistic ST5110 ST5111 ST5112 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GM with 1.2GHz Core Duo and Core2 Duo || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 900 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio with STAC9228 codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel 3945 ABG or optional atheros || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 either 32 or 64 bit - charged via a proprietary port power connector 6.0 x 4.4 mm round - SigmaTel® touchscreen - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;E8110 S7110 E8210 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|945GM}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with ALC262 codec playback}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvell 88E8055 Gigabit}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel PRO Wireless 3945ABG}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.0 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit Core Duo 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || CHIPSET || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Lifebook PH521 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD E-350 E-450 1.65GHz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;HD 6310M 6320M || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek ALC269 || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros 802.11 bgn}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 11.6 inch 1366x768 pixels - DDR3 1066MHz - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;LIFEBOOK E752/E782/S752/S782 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; with Intel Core i3-2328M to i3-3110M || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel 82579V 1000 }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel Wireless 6205 may be able to swap for Atheros 5k }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Aros One 64bit || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====HP Compaq====

[[#top|...to the top]]

Build quality (Lowest to highest) 

&lt;pre &gt;
Presario 
Pavilion 
Omnibook 
ProBook
Armada
Elitebook
&lt;/pre &gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;1c00 series Compaq Presario  [http://users.utu.fi/sjsepp/linuxcompaqarmada100s.html Armada 100S made by Mitac], 1247 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;K6-II with PE133 MVP-4 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;use VESA - Trident Blade3D AGP sp16953 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;VIA ac'97 audio [rev20] with AD1881A codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|usual VIA issues [rev10]}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1998 32bit 192MB max - PCcard Texas PC1211 no support - 1200 XL1 1200-XL1xx, XL101, XL103 XL105 XL106 XL109 XL110 XL111 XL116  XL118 XL119 XL125 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;1c01 series Armada 110, Evo N150 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel with VIA PLE133 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Use VESA - Trident Cyber Blade i1 chipset || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;VIA 686 rev20 82xxx 686a || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel 82557 Pro 100 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1998 32bit max 192mb sodimm 100Mhz 133Mhz ram memory - 1200-XL405A 12XL405A XL502A 12XL502A 1600XL 
|-
| Armada M300 M700 E500 || 440BX || {{Yes| }} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|ATI Rage LT M1 Mobility (VESA only)}} || {{no|AC97 ESS Maestro 2E M2E ES1987 sound}} || {{yes|USB1.1 only}} || {{No|[http://perho.org/stuff/m300/index_en.html Intel PRO 100+ Mini PCI]}} || {{N/A}} || Aspire OS 2012, Nightly 30-01 2013 and 04-05 2013 || 1999 32bit - F10 bios options and Fn+F11 reset CMOS with 64mb ram already on board
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Omnibook XE3 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel BX 600Mhz GC model 256mb or AMD GD 500Mhz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Use VESA - S3 Inc. 86C270 294 Savage IX-MV (rev 11) || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|ESS ES1988 Allegro 1 (rev 12)}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;Intel 82371AB PIIX4 USB (rev 01) || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2002 32bit no cardbus pcmcia support - no audio from Polk Audio Speakers - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Omnibook XE3 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;82830 ICH3 P3-M 750MHz 800Mhz 900MHz  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA - CGC 830MG}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|ESS ES1988 Maestro 3i}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|only one 1.1 port}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|e100 82557}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A|}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.51 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2002 32bit Boots USB Stick via Plop boot floppy - Memory for GF 256-512mb, GS up 1GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;TC1000 TC-1000 Tablet PC || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;NVIDIA NV11 [GeForce2 Go] (rev b2) || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;VIA AC97 Audio (rev 50) || &lt;!--USB--&gt;OHCI NEC USB 2.0 (rev 02) || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel 82551 QM (rev 10) || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atmel at76c506 802.11b || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2002 32bit Transmeta LongRun (rev 03)  with VT82C686 - Texas Instruments TI PCI1520 PC card Cardbus 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Compaq R3000 ZV5000 (Compal LA-1851) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Nvidia nForce 3 with AMD CPU || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Nvidia  NV17 [GeForce4 420 Go 32M]  || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Nvidia  || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Broadcom or Realtek RTL8139 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4303 BCM4306 or Atheros bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit - HPs have a setting to automatically disable wireless if a wired connection is detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq [http://www.walterswebsite.us/drivers.htm Presario 700 series] || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;VT8363 VT8365 [Apollo Pro KT133 KM133] || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VT8636A (S3 Savage TwisterK) (VESA only)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|VIA AC97 [rev50] with AD1886 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|VIA UHCI USB 1.1 [rev1a]}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RealTek RTL8139}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM4306}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit poor consumer grade level construction - jbl audio pro speakers - no support for cardbus pcmcia TI PCI1410 - 700A EA LA UK US Z 701AP EA BR FR 701Z 702US 703US AP JP audio sp18895 Sp19472 
|-
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| N400c || P3-M 82845 || {{yes|82801 CAM IDE U100}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|Rage Mobility 128 (VESA only)}} || {{No|Maestro 3 allegro 1}} || {{yes|USB1.1}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100 VM (KM)}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 32bit Has no optical disc drive 
|-
| N410c || P3-M 82845 || {{yes|82801 CAM IDE U100}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|Radeon Mobility M7 LW 7500 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|Intel AC97 with AD1886 codec}} || {{yes|USB1.1}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100 VM (KM)}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 32bit Has no optical disc drive 
|-
| Evo N600c || Pentium 4 || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|ATI Radeon Mobility M7 (VESA only)}} || {{No|ESS ES1968 Maestro 2}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{dunno}} || Icaros 1.3 || 2003 32bit 
|-
| Evo N610c || Pentium 4 || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|ATI Radeon Mobility M7 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|Intel ICH AC97 with AD1886 codec}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{dunno}} || Icaros 1.2.4 ||
|-
| N800c || P4 || {{Yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|ATI Radeon Mobility 7500 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2003 32bit P4M CPU can get very warm 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;NX7010 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes|IDE}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{partial|ATI mobility 7500 or 9000 Radeon 9200 64MB (VESA only)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|AC97 ADI codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|uhci (1.1) and ehci (2.0)}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|Realtek 8139}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 2200b bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq Preasrio V5000 (Compal LA-2771) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Sempron 3000+ or Turion ML with SB400 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA - Ati RS480M Xpress 200}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|AC97 ATI with Conexant CX 20468 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek 8100 8101L 8139}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|bcm4318 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 64bit single core machine V5001 V5002 V5002EA V5003 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;TC1100 TC-1100 Tablet PC || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;855PM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Nvidia Geforce4 Go || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|BCM 4400}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{Maybe|Atheros wlan W400 W500 or ? bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;NC6000 NC8000 NW8000 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;855PM with Pentium M 1.5 1.6 1.8GHz 2.0GHz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;max 160 GB for NW 8000 || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Ati RV350 mobility 9600 M10 Fire GL T2 ISV use VESA 2D as no laptop display}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|Intel AC97 with ADI codec playback only}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|2 ports}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM 5705M}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{Maybe|mini pci Atheros 5212 BG W400 W500 or Intel - all bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 based [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=41916&amp;forum=47 works] - Firewire TI TSB43AB22/A - 8 pound 2.5 kg travel weight - an SD slot as well as two PC Card slots - 15-inch UXGA screen (1,600 x 1,200) or 15&quot; SXGA+ (1400 x 1050) (4:3 ratio)  
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq NC6110 NX6110 NC6120 NC6220 NC4200 NC8200 TC4200 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;GMA 915GML || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|2D GMA 900}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|AC97 with ADI AD1981B playback}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Unk|440x or BCM 5705M or 5751M}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel IPW 2200 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.5.2 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit Sonoma based - Wifi with Atheros AR5007eg if apply hacked bios RISKY else use USB one - (INVENTEC ASPEN UMA MV) (INVENTEC ASPEN DIS PV) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq C500 CTO aka HP G7000 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 945GM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GMA 950 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with realtek ALC262 codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8139 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Broadcom BCM 4311 bios locked || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP DV6000 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GMS || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GMA 950 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio IDT 92HD 91B || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel PRO 100 VE || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 3945 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32 bit only - Mosfet FDS6679 common cause of shorts giving no power to the tip. To reset adapter, unplug from AC (mains) and wait 15-30 sec. Then plug in again - 
|-
| Presario F700 series, HP G6000 f730us F750 F750us F755US F756NR F765em || AMD Turion Mono MK-36 2.0Ghz NForce 560m or Twin X2 TK-55 with nForce 610m MCP67 || {{N/A| }} || {{Yes|but needs special sata adapt bit and caddy}} || {{Yes|GF Go 7000m 2D and 3D 640x350 to 1280x800 - ball solder issues due to poor cooling}} || {{Maybe| }} || {{Maybe|uhci and ehci boots}} || {{No|Nvidia }} || {{Yes|Atheros AR5007 bios locked}} || Icaros 1.3.1 and Aros One 1.6 USB || 2006 64bit - f9 boot device f10 bios setup - random freezes after a minutes use means internal ventilation maintenance needed each year essential - No sd card and overall limited phoenix bios options - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Presario v6604au v6608au V3500 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;NVIDIA MCP67M with AMD Athlon64 X2 TK 55 amd 1.8ghz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|SATA 150}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;NVIDIA GeForce Go 7150M 630i or C67 630M MCP67 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;conexant codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Nvidia or Realtek 10/100 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom 4311 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 64bit Altec Lansing Stereo Speakers - ball solder issues - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq presario v6610 v6615eo v6620us || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Turion 64 X2 mobile TK-55 / 1.8 GHz to athlon 64x2 @ 2.4ghz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|SATA 150}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|geforce 7150 or 7300m 2d and 3d}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|AMD HD Audio with IDT codec stereo playback only}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;3 OHCI EHCI || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.3 -  || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=40956&amp;forum=48 works well]  - 1 x ExpressCard/54 - SD Card slot - AO4407 test voltage of the Drain side (pins 5-8) with AC adapter and no battery, see 0 volts, connect the battery you should have 10-14v - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;v6630em v6642em || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce 630M with AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-58 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;NVIDIA GeForce 6150M or 7150M  || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 64bit 15.4 in 1280 x 800 ( WXGA ) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Compaq NC6400 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GM Core Duo || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|GMA 950 2D issues and no 3d}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD Audio AD1981HD}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|BCM }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 - replaced with Atheros AR5007eg if apply hacked bios RISKY else use USB g - 
* 32bit Core Duo T2400 
* 64bit Core 2 Duo T5600 T7600 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Compaq NV NC6400 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Core Duo + 945PM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA Radeon x1300M (2D)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HD Audio with ADI1981 low volume}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|BCM 5753M}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 3945 ABG bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; Icaros 1.4.2 || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2007 Harmon Kardon speakers
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Compaq NC6320 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GM with 
* 32bit Core Duo 1.83GHz T2400 
* 64bit Core2 Duo 1.83GHz T5600 
 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|GMA 950 2D with a little 3D tunnel 213}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|Intel HD Audio with AD1981HD codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|BCM 5788}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 3945 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 replaced with Atheros AR5007eg if applying hacked wifi bios RISKY!! else use USB - 14.1&quot; or 15 inch XGA 1024x768 - noisy cpu fan for core2 - trackpad rhs acts as window scroller - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP NC4400 TC4400 Tablet || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Core Duo with 82945 chipset || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|bios F.07 limits to 100GB 120GB}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|2D and 3D 282 tunnel and gearbox 150}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with ADI 1981HD codec via ear phones}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|BCM 5753M}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 3945 or BCM 4306 - Whitelist BIOS F.0C needed but risky}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 64 bit possible with Core2 - TI SD card reader non bootable - wacom serial digitiser pen not working - 
* 32bit 1.86GHz core duo 
* 64bit 2Ghz T7200, 2.16Ghz Core 2 Duo T7600 2.33GHz 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Pavilion DV2000 CTO || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GMS || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GMA 950, X3100, Nvidia 8400M || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio Conexant CX 20549 Venice || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Nvidia MCP51 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM 4311 or Intel 3945 4965 ABG bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 Atheros AR5007eg if apply hacked bios RISKY 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq Presario C700 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;GMA960 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;X3100 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL 8139 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{Maybe|Atheros AR5007 AR5001 AR242x}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq 2510p 6510b 6710b 6910b || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;GMA 965GM GL960 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|X3100 some 2d but slow software 3d only}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|HD Audio ADI AD1981 HD low volume on head phones}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel 82566 or Broadcom BCM 5787M}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 3945ABG or 4965ABG bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Aspire OS Xenon 2014 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 no sd card boot support - F9 to choose boot option - [http://forums.mydigitallife.info/threads/7681-This-is-no-request-thread!-HP-COMPAQ-bioses-how-to-modify-the-bios/page111?p=333358#post333358 whitelist removal (risky) bios block for wifi card swap] 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;CQ40 CQ41 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Intel}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8101E || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BC4310 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq Presario CQ35 CQ36 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM4312 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 Compal LA-4743P - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Compaq CQ42 CQ43 CQ45 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with Coxenant codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek RTL8191SE, Realtek 8188CE}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 (Quanta AX1) 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq Presario CQ50 CQ56 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Nvidia MCP78S || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Geforce 8200M || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;nVidia HD Audio with  codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;nvidia MCP77 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR928X bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 [http://donovan6000.blogspot.co.uk/2013/06/insyde-bios-modding-wifi-and-wwan-whitelists.html bios modding risky] MCP72XE MCP72P MCP78U MCP78S 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;CQ60 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Single core Sempron to dual turion || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA for Nvidia 8200M}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP DV6700 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{no|Vesa for Nvidia 8400M}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;CQ60 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel C2D || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA for Nvidia 9200M}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;CQ57z || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD slow E-300 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA ATi HD 6310 wrestler}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|Realtek RTL8101 RTL8102}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|RaLink RT5390}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP CQ58z 103SA E5K15EA || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD slow Dual-Core E1-1500 APU with A68M FCH || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Radeon HD 7310}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek idt codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|Realtek 10/100 BASE-T}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 39.6 cm (15.6&quot;) HD BrightView LED-backlit (1366 x 768)
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP 635 DM1 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD slow E-300, E-450 later E2-1800 on SB7x0 SB8x0 SB9x0 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;ATI non efi SATA AHCI - IDE mode || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA 2D - AMD HD6310, 6320 to HD7340}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek ALC270A GR but not Wrestler HDMI Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|rtl8169 driver covers Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 14&quot; 1366 x 768 - f9 f10 - external battery - 2 stacked ddr3l sodimm slots max 16Gb under one base plate - removable keyboard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP G6 2000-2b10NR 2000-2d10SX 2000-2d80NR || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD very slow E1-2000 E2-3000M on A50M (soldered) A4-3305A on A60M (socket) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2.5in  || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA AMD Radeon 6320, 6620G, 6520G, 6480G, 6380G}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|Realtek 100 1000}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 39.6-cm (15.6-in) HD LED BrightView (1366×768) - 1 or 2 ddr3l max 8G - 19VDC 3.42A Max 65W Tip 7.4mm x 5.0mm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 6465B || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD massively slow A6-3310MX or A6-3410MX with A60M || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA AMD 6480G or 6520G}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|IDT 92HD81B1X}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek 8111}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel AC 6205 or broadcom 4313 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 13-inch or 14-inch runs hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Elitebook 8470p 8570p || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel Quad i7-3840QM, i7-3610QM, i7-3520M, i5-3210M, i3-3130M, i3-2370M on Intel QM77 chipset || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|set the bios boot options to not fastboot and drive mode IDE rather than AHCI }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for HD4000 with some having switchable Radeon M2000 or 7570M}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HDAudio for IDT codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|USB2}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Intel 82579LM }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel, Broadcom, Atheros}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;64 bit boots from CD* if safe mode 2 is used, although it is possible to remove the 'nodma' and 'debug' entries and boot || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit with SSE4.1 and AVX - 14in 1600 x 900 to 1366 x 768 - 2 DDR3L sodimm slots max 16Gb - TPM 1.2 - dual boot 32/64 bit is working fine - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 6475b, Probook 4445s 4545s, HP Pavilion 15-b115sa, [https://support.hp.com/gb-en/document/c04015674#AbT6 HP mt41 Mobile Thin Client PC] || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD very slow A4 4300M, A6 4400M 4455M or A8 4500M with AMD A70M A76M FCH || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 7420 7520G 7640G 7660G}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HD Audio with idt or realtek codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Realtek RTL8151FH-CG}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 6205 or Broadcom BCM 43228 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 15.6-inch - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ENVY 15-k112nl K1Y78EA || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel® Core™ i7 i7-4510U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel HD4400 and/without NVIDIA® GeForce® GTX 850M || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwood usb3 test iso || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 64bit - 15.6&quot; 768p to 1080p - 19.5V 3.33A/4.62A/6.15A 65W/90W/120W AC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 255 G1, 455 G1 F2P93UT#ABA, 645 G1, Envy 15-j151ea G7V80EA, Envy m6-1310sa (E4R01EA#ABU) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD very slow Dual-Core E1-1500, or AMD Quad A4-4300M A8-4500M A10-4600M A4-5150M A6-5350M 2.9Ghz A10-5750M || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for 7310, 7420G 7520G 7640G 7660G 8350G 8450G or 8550G, 8650G, 8750G }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD Audio IDT 92HD91 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|realtek}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 14in and 15in 1366 x 768 - external battery - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots - 19.5v / 4.62A psu runs hot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 245 G4, 255 G2, 455 G2, 255 G3, 455 G3, 255 G4 80CB, 255 G5 82F6, 355 G2, HP Pavilion 15-p038na 15-g092sa 15-p091sa 15-G094S 15-p144na 15-p142na, 15-Af156sa || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD very slow A4-5000 A6-5200, E2-6110, E1-6010 E2-2000, E1-2100 E2-3800, A4-6210 A6-6310 A8-6410, E2-7110, A6-7310 A8-7410 APU on A68M || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata some with cdrw dvdrw || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Radeon R2 R4 R5}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HD Audio ALC3201-GR}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8102E or Atheros 1GbE}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Qualcomm Atheros AR9565}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 64bit most have SSE4 AVX but E2-2000 does not - 15.6-inch (1366 x 768) - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots - small 31Whr or 41Whr external battery covers 240 G4, 245 G4, 250 G4, 255 G4, 256 G4, 14G, 15G - keyboard repair swap requires removal of all components - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Elitebook 725 G2, 745 G2, 755 G2 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Amd Quad very slow A6-7050B A8-7150B 1.9GHz A10-7350B || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA on AMD R4 R5 Radeon R6 with DP and vga}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD audio with IDT 92HD91}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 PCIe GBE}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Broadcom or Atheros}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit - 12.5-inch, 14&quot; or 15.6in (all 1366 x 768) - 19.5V 65w 45W AC adapter - internal pull up tab battery under base which slides off - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots - keyboard swap requires removal of all components - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 645 g2, Probook 445 G2, Probook 245 G2 most have cmos rtc battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD very slow A6-8600 A8-8700 a10- || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Radeon R5 R6}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD Audio }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Intel I219V 100/1000}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel or Qualcomm Atheros}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit - 14in and 15.6-inch HD (1366 x 768) or FHD 1080p - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots max 16GB - internal battery - hp ac psu tip - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Probook 455 G3 should have a cmos battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD slow A10-8700P || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 2.5in sata and most should have 9.5mm dvd-rw || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Radeon R5}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio with Conexant CX7501 codec }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111HSH-CG}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|RTL8188EE }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Elitebook 725 G3, 745 G3, 755 G3, 725 G4, 745 G4, 755 G4, HP mt43 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Amd slow A8-8600B, A10-8700B, A12-8800B to Quad A8 Pro 9600B to A10 9800 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA on AMD R5 R6 R7 with DP and vga but screen is low res, dull colours, and blurry}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD audio with IDT codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom 5762 PCIe GBE}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek RTL8723BE-VB}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit - 12.5-inch (1366 x 768) to 14&quot; and 15.6in - 2 sodimm ddr3 - 19.5V 45W AC slim 4.5mm hp adapter - randomly shuts down and the noisy fans constantly on - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 645 G3, 655 G3 should have a cmos rtc battery underside of mb || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 8th Gen slow A10-8730B, A8-9600B (4c4t) A6-8530B (2c2t) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2d for AMD R5}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111HSH}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel or Realtek}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit - 15.6in - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - keyboard repair swap requires removal of all components - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 250 G5 easy cmos and external main battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel i7-6500U, i5-6200U, i3-6100U to slow i3-6006U, N3710 all sse4.1 and avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA 2D for iGPU Intel HD405 to HD520 dGPU or AMD Radeon R5 430M}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio  with Realtek ALC3227 (or ALC282) codec 0x0282 }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 rtl8111HSH}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso with noacpi || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit - 15.6 inch 768p - HP ac psu - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 250 G6 SL52 LA-E801P - easy cmos battery and external battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel tested '''7200U''' untested 7500U to slow N3060 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|ahci on M.2 sata or 2.5in whichever installed with 1 m.2 permanent and internal dvdrw}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Intel Intel HD Graphics 620 or AMD Radeon 520}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HDAudio 0x8086, 0xa170 or 0x8086, 0x9dc8 with ALC3227 aka ALC282 codec 0x10EC, x0282}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|intel sunrise point-lp USB3.0 xHCI}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|RTL8821CE or Intel wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso with noacpi || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit 768p or 1080p - 19.5V 65W - 2 DDR4 sodimm slots max 16Gb - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - poor hinges - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Pavilion 14-BS, HP 15-BS LA-E802P cmos battery and external battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel i3-7200U to slow Celeron  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata 2.5in (possibly requires the drive cable and M.2 sata3, most have no cdrw dvdrw}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2d for Intel}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio 0x8086, 0x9d70 with ALC codec 0x10EC, x0}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|Realtek rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|RTL8188CTV, RTL8821CE or Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit 768p all - 19.5V 65W - DDR4 slot max 8Gb - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP 14-bw022na - cmos coin battery and external battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD very slow A6-9120 APU || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;m.2 sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for R3}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HDAudio VOID with conexant CX7501 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 not working but port on the right works}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|Realtek GbE}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso with noacpi || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit 768p to 900p - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Probook 455 G4, Probook 455 G5, cmos battery on underside of mb take off back cover and below wifi card || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD very slow A10-9600P APU, A9-9410, A6-9210 APU || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Radeon R4, R5 or R6}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|realtek 1GbE}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|realtek or intel Wireless-AC 7265}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit 15.6in 768p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - keyboard swap problematic - rr03xl battery - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 255 G6 (), easy cmos and external battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD very slow E2-9000e, A9-9420, 9220P, A4-9125 (all 2c) AMD A6-9225 AMD A9-9425  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata 2.5in (possibly requires the drive cable and M.2 sata3 and internal cdrw dvdrw}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2d for R2 R3 R4}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x157a or 0x1002, 0x15b3 with ALC codec 0x10EC, x0}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|Realtek rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|RTL8188CTV, RTL8821CE or Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit 768p all - 19.5V 65W - DDR4 slot max 8Gb - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 255 G7 (la-g078p) - no cmos battery so needs internal battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD very slow E2-9000e, A9-9420, 9220P, A4-9125 (all 2c) AMD A6-9225 AMD A9-9425 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata 2.5in (possibly requires the drive cable and M.2 sata3, most have no internal cdrw dvdrw}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2d for R2 R3 R4}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x157a or 0x1002, 0x15b3 with ALC codec 0x10EC, x0}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|Realtek rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|RTL8188CTV, RTL8821CE or Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit 768p all - 19.5V 65W - DDR4 slot max 8Gb - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ProBook 245 g8 - no cmos rtc coin battery but uses internal battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD very slow A6-9225, A4-9125, A6-8350B, A4-5350B APU || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;m.2 sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA R4 R6}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HDAudio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|Realtek GbE}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit 768p - many later variants - keyboard swap problematic - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Probook 255 G7 84AE 7DE72EA 7DE73EA (epv51 la-g076p) - CMOS Error (502) replace main internal battery HT03XL to have bios remember settings || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 3 2200U 2300U (2c4t), R5 2500U, R7 2700U (4c8t) Raven Ridge || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{no|M.2 (Sata or NVMe) and very optional 2.5in sata, most have mini sata port}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2d 640p to 768p for AMD Vega 3, 6, or 8}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x15e3 with ALC236 0x10ec, 0x0236 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek RTL8821CE, 8822BE or Intel AC 8265}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS x64 deadwoods' iso does not boot with cd/dvd and installed to 2.5in ssd, boots to grub choice, select but no further and reboots || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit - 12.5 to 15.6in 768p mostly to 1080p - 1 on smaller laptops or 2 ddr4 2400mhz sodimm slots on larger laptops max 16Gb - hp 4.5mm blue tip charging - keyboard swap problematic - esc boot options f9 boot order f10 bios - synaptics touchpad - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP EliteBook 725 G5, 735 G5, 745 G5, 755 G5, Probook 455 G6, ProBook 645 G6 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 3 2200U 2300U (2c4t), R5 2500U, R7 2700U (4c8t) Raven Ridge || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{no|M.2 (Sata or NVMe) and very optional 2.5in sata, some have mini sata port but no cdrw dvdrw}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2d 640p to 768p for AMD Vega 3, 6, or 8}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x15e3 with ALC 0x10ec, 0x0 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek RTL8821CE, 8822BE or Intel AC 8265}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso does not boot software error || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit - 12.5 to 15.6in 768p mostly to 1080p - 1 on smaller laptops or 2 ddr4 2400mhz sodimm slots on larger laptops max 16Gb - hp 4.5mm blue tip charging - keyboard swap problematic - esc boot options f9 boot order f10 bios - synaptics touchpad - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP 14-cm, 15-bw0, HP 15-db0043na, HP 15-db0996na, HP 15-db0997na, 17-ca0007na, 17-ca1, ProBook 645 G4 - no cmos battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 2200U (2c 4t) 2500U (4c 8t) with AMD Carrizo FCH 51 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{no|1 M.2 and 1 2.5in on some larger models and hdd port }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Radeon R5 and later Vega 3 or 7}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDaudio 0x1002, 0x103c or 0x1022, 0x157a with Realtek ALC3227 0x10ec, 0x0282 but ATI HDMI}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|USB3 USB boot drive stuck on kitty's eyes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 RTL8111E || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|RTL 8723DE 8821 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2020 Icaros 2.3 USB, Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso does not boot software error || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit 2kg - screen is dim 14in, 15.6in or 17.3&quot; 768p or 1080p - 65W 19.5V ac adapter - internal 3-cell 41 Wh Li-ion battery does not last long - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - no DVD-Writer - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 250 G7, 250 G8 - no cmos battery so needs internal battery and needs usb3 boot due to garbage bios boot options || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 8235U 8265U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|M.2 nvme not working, optional sata 2.5in requires LS-G072P and ribbon cable, if internal cdrw dvdrw partial boot}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Intel WhiskeyLake-U 620 GT2 UHD}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio 0x8086, 0xa170 or 0x8086, 0x9dc8 with ALC236 codec 0x10EC, x0236}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|Cannon Point-LP USB3.1 xHCI}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|RTL8821CE or Intel Dual Band Wireless-AC 3168}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso does not boot stuck on kittys eyes || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit 1080p all - 19.5V 65W - DDR4 slot max 16Gb - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP 255 G7 7DC73EA 2D200EA 87CE (fpp55 la-g07jp), - CMOS Error (502) replace 41.04Wh ht03xl hto3xl dynapack suzhou main battery to have bios remember settings || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;'''tested''' R5 3500U (4c8t) '''untested''' mostly dual cores - AMD Athlon Gold 3150U (2c2t), Silver 3050U APU (2c2t), Ryzen 3 Pro 3145U APU, 3200U (2c4t) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{no|1 m.2 NVMe or sata3 up to 2280, optional 2.5in sata, many have mini-sata slimline 6+7 internal port but no physical 9mm drive}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D from 640p to 1080p for AMD Vega 3, 6 or 8 with up to 2gb ram taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x15e3 with realtek ALC236 codec 0x10ec, 0x0236}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 but no usb-c}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek GbE RTL8111HSH}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek 8822BE}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2025 Aros One 32bit and 64bit burnt iso does not fully boot (stuck on kitty's eyes) and installed onto 2.5in on another compatible computer, sometimes has dosboot bootstrap error -6 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 14in / 15.6in dim tn panel 768p or 1080p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 16gb - hp 19.5V 45W 65W AC blue tip round 4.5 mm - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - caps lock blinking 3 times then 2 quick pulses means ram or bios issue - f9 boot order f10 uefi - laptop needs usb3 to boot and use so avoid until usb3 arrives 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 450 G5 needs main battery for bios settings saved || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel i7-8550U, i5-8250U, i3-8130U, i7-7500U, i5-7200U, i3-7100U, i3-7020, i3-6006U all sse4.1 and avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA 2D for Intel UHD}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio  with codec }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 rtl8111HSH}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso with noacpi || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 15.6 inch 768p or 1080p - HP ac psu, 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[https://support.hp.com/gb-en/document/c06955717 ProBook 245 g8], Probook 445R G6, 455R G6, HP14-dk0599sa, pavilion 15-cw1511na 15-cw1507sa, HP 15s-eq1516sa no cmos battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Athlon Gold 3150U (2c2t), Silver 3050U APU (2c2t), Ryzen 3 Pro 3145U APU, 3200U (2c4t) and 3500U (4c8t) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{no|1 m.2 (NVMe or sata3 up to 2280), optional 2.5in sata but resets}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D from 640p to 1080p for AMD Vega 3, 6 or 8 with up to 2gb ram taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio 0x1022, 0x15e3 with realtek ALC codec 0x10ec, 0x0}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek GbE RTL8111HSH}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek 8822BE}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Aros || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 14in / 15.6in dim tn panel 768p or 1080p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 16gb - hp 19.5V 45W 65W AC blue tip round 4.5 mm - keyboard swap problematic - synaptics touchpad - f9 boot order f10 uefi 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 450 G6 needs main battery for bios settings saved || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel i7-8565U, i5-8265U, i3-8165U all sse4.1 and avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA 2D for Intel UHD 620}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio  with Realtek ALC3246 aka ALC295 codec }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 rtl8111HSH}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - 15.6 inch 768p or 1080p - 45W 19.5V HP ac psu - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Elitebook 735 G6 5VA23AV, Elitebook 745 G6, 255 g8, HP 15s-dy - no cmos battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD® Ryzen™ 5-3500U Ryzen 3-3300U AMD Ryzen 3-3250U AMD Athlon® Gold 3150U AMD Athlon Silver 3050U AMD 3020e || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{no|m.2 2280 nvme in legacy - hp sure start and secure boot disabled but still issues with gpt installs - LS-H323P LS-K201P}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA for Vega 8, 5 or 3}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio 6.34 ahi with realtek ALC codec 0x10EC, 0x0295}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 type-A port boots stick partially to kitty eyes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|rtl8169 realtek RTL8111E or 8111H}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|realtek or intel}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2020 Icaros 2.3 onto USB and AROS One 1.8 USB, Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso with noacpi || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - 15.6in 1366x768 to 1920x1080 - 2 3200MHz DDR4 sodimms - 19.5V 2.31A or 20V 2.25 45W 4.5X3.0MM hp - esc bios setup, f9 boot device select - low travel keyboard - poor hw03xl or  battery life - plastic hooked base with retained screws - touchpad? - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 445 G7, 455 G7 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 3 4300U 5 4500U 4700U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 sata and 1 nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Vega 3}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with realtek alc236 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|realtek rtl8111ep}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|realtek RTL8822CE or intel AC 9260 or Wi-Fi 6 AX200}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit - 14 inch 768p or 1080p - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - smart 45w 65w hp or usb-c charging - keyboard swap problematic - RE03XL battery - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 450 G7 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA 2D for Intel UHD}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 rtl8111EP}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwoods' latest usb3 test iso with noacpi || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 15.6 inch 768p or 1080p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP EliteBook 745 G7, 845 G7, HP 15-EH0006NA || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 3 4300U, 5 4500U, PRO 4650U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;SSD M.2 || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA AMD Radeon Vega 8}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|Hdaudio  with codec 0x10EC, 0x0257}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - Bang &amp; Olufsen speakers - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 255 G8, HP 245 G9, ProBook 255 G9 816C2EA#ABE, - no cmos battery only internal battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD RYZEN 3 5300u, 5425U, 5 5500U 5625U, 7 5700u || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{no|NVMe}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA AMD Vega 6 or 8 hdmi 1.4B}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111HSH-CG GbE}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek RTL8822CE or Intel}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit - 14&quot; to 15.6in 768p to 1080p poor gamut - 45 or 65w hp psu - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 16GB - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 450 G9 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA 2D for Intel Iris Xe}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 rtl8111H}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 15.6 inch - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP EliteBook 645 g7, 835 G8, 845 g8, HP ENVY x360 13 15, HP 17-cp0021na || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 5 5650U, 7 5800U, R7 Pro 5850U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD Radeon}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio 0x, 0x with ALC3247 aka ALC236 codec 0x10ec, 0x0236}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Realtek 1Gbe on 645 only}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit - 13.3&quot; or 14&quot; 1080p - poor screens low nits and srgb score - 845 gets hot ue to poor cooling - slim round hp ac - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Dev One, HP ProBook 455 G8 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 7 5800U, R7 5850U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit 15.6&quot; 1080p - 2 internal sodimm slots - hp barrel charging - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Elitebook 655 g9 669y1ut#aba,  || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit 15.6&quot; 1080p - 1 or 2 internal sodimm slots - usb-c charging - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP probook 635 Aero G8 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 5 5600U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2921 64bit - 14in 1080p - 2 ddr4 slots - ec chip nuvoton NPCX797HA1B - bios winbond 250256JYEN - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP PROBOOK X360 435 G8 cmos battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;RYZEN 5 5600U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Vesa 2D }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|HDaudio with ALC236 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|RTL8822CE or Intel AX200}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit - hp round ac plug - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Elitebook 845 g9 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 6000 series 6850u || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;M.2 NVMe || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 8}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDaudio with codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }}Qualcomm Atheros || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit aluminum case - 14in 1080p to 2140p 16:10 poor screen again - 2 internal ddr5 sodimm slots - usb-c ac charging avoid any knocks - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP ProBook 445 G10, 455 G10 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 5 7530U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD Vega 7 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit - 15.6in - hp round ac - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Hp 455 G11 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 3 7335U (4c8t), 5 7535U (6c12t), 7 7735U (8c16t) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD Vega 7 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111HSH}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit - 35.6 cm (14.0 in) 1920x1200 or 2560x1600 - usb-c 45w or 65w ac - 2 ddr5 sodimm slots max 32gb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


====IBM/Lenovo====

[[#top|...to the top]]

Build quality (Lowest to highest) 

&lt;pre &gt;
iSeries
Edge 
Ideapad
Thinkpad - good cases and construction but electronic internals same as anyone else 
&lt;/pre &gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad 390X 390E (2626) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Neo Magic MM2200 with C400 P2-266 to P3 500MHz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;use VESA || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|256AV or ESS Solo-1}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1998 32bit 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad 600x || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 440BX || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA Neomagic NM2360 MagicMedia 256ZX}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|Crystal CS4297A codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.3.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1998 32bit a little support - earlier 600 and 600e were Pentium 2 based 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad X20 (2662-32U) X21 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 440 BX ZX DX || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|AC97 with Cirrus Logic Crystal cs4281}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;1.1 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;no mini pci intel e100 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2002 32bit 
|-
| Thinkpad T20 (2647) T21 (26) T22 || 440BX || {{Maybe| }} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|Savage IX-MV (VESA only)}} || {{no|Cirrus Logic CS 4614/22/ 24/30}} || {{yes|USB 1.1}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2002 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;A21e (2628, 2655) A22e || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;440MX || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Ati rage mobility || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|AC97 Cs4299 CS4229}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;intel e100 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2002 
|-
| Thinkpad T23 (2647) || i810 || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|S3 Super Savage IX/C SDR (VESA only)}} || {{maybe|AC'97 CS4299}} || {{yes|USB 1.1}} || {{yes|Intel ICH3 PRO 100 VE}} || {{no|Realtek RTL8180L others with bios hacking risky}} || || 2003 32bit with some support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad X22 X23 X24 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;830 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;ATi Mobility M6 LY || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Ac97 CS4299 || &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 x 1.1 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel Pro 100 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Actiontec Harris Semi Intersil Prism 2.5 (X23 and X24 only) || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit with slice Ultrabase X2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;A30 A30p || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;830 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Ati Radeon M6 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 CS 4299 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel Pro 100 ve || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 2200 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;A31 A31p R31 R32 T30 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;830 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Ati Radeon 7500 or FireGL || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|AC97 Intel with AD1881A codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes| Intel Pro 100 ve}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;[https://forums.lenovo.com/t5/Android-Ecosystem-Developers/AROS-An-operation-system-inside-Android/td-p/1441741 Icaros 1.5.2] || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit Also tested with Icaros 2.0.3. 
|-
| Thinkpad X30 (2673) X31 (2884-xx2) X31t || i830 || {{yes}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA only Radeon M6 Mobility}} || {{yes|AC97 - AD1981B codec}} ||  {{yes|USB 1.1}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || {{no|Cisco Aironet or Intel 2915 but atheros with bios hacking}} || Icaros 1.4 || 2004 32bit sound bit distorted 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;R50e R51 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;855M || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Intel 855M use VESA}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;intel AC97 with AD1981B codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Intel 100 VE}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit - 
|-
| IBM Thinkpad T40 (2373) T41 T41p (2379) T42 T42p T43 T43p || Intel 8xx || {{partial|PIO}} || {{N/A}} || {{partial|ATI mobility 7500 9000 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|AC97 playback}} || {{yes|uhci 1.1 and ehci 2.0}} || {{no|e1000}} || {{Maybe|Intel 2200bg bios locked but possible AR5BMB-44 AR5212 FRU 39T0081 mini PCI}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || 2004 32bit 16v IBM plug - Centrino Needs ATA=nodma option - issues with the inner chip of the SMT BGA graphics chip 
|-
| Thinkpad X32 || i855 || {{yes|40, 60 or 80GB 2.5&quot; PATA HDD}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA only ATI Mobility Radeon 7000 with 16MB}} || {{maybe| Intel AC'97 Audio with a AD1981B codec}} ||  {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Intel 1000}} || {{no|Intel 2200 but atheros with bios hacking}} || 2016 Icaros 2.1 || 2004 32bit - 12.1&quot; TFT display with 1024x768 resolution; 256 or 512MB PC2700 memory standard (2GB max) 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad X40 X40t by Quanta || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Intel 800 (VESA only)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|AC97 AD1981B}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel e1000}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{Maybe|Intel but most atheros with bios hacking - difficult though}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit last IBM design 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad X41 (IBM) MT 1864 1865 2525 2526 2527 2528 x41t (Lenovo) MT 1866 1867 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel with single core 1.5 1.6 and tablet 1.2GHz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel 915GML 2D}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|AC97 AD1981B}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM5751M tg3}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{Maybe|Intel or MiniPCI Wi-Fi Atheros AR5BMB FRU 39T0081 but ordinary atheros 54meg needs risky bios hacking}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit - amongst first Lenovo design 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;R52 (most 18xx) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 915 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel 915GML 2D}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|AC97 AD1981B}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Broadcom bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;R52 1846, 1847, 1848, 1849, 1850, 1870 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;ATi 200m  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{No|ATI}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|AC97 AD1981B}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom BCM5751M tg3}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Broadcom bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad T60 T60P 
* 64bit - 6 or 8 is 16:10 on T60/p, eg. 8742-CTO 15.4&quot; 
* 32bit - 1 and 2 are 14&quot;, 15&quot; 4:3, like 2007-YM3 or 1952-CTO 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;*any* T60/p will take a Core 2 Duo CPU with newer BIOS || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel GMA (2D) with &quot;p&quot; graphics card (ATi V5200 or V5250) || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HD Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} || {{no|e1000e 82573L}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel ipw3945 ABG but atheros with Middleton's or Zender BIOS hacking risky}} || Icaros 1.4 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 -  
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;X60 x60s x60t tablet || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GMS 940GML || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|AD1981 HD Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel 3945 ABG or fru 39T5578 Atheros 5K AR5BXB6 ar5007eg with bios hacking}} || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Icaros 1.4 || 2006 32bit - perhaps needs a zendered bios update but risky 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;R60 R60e || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;intel 950 with optional radeon x1300 x1400 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with 1981HD codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel or Broadcom || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{Maybe|Intel 3945 or atheros fru 39T5578 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit
|-
| Thinkpad T61 T61p without Middleton's or Zender BIOS || Core 2 Duo CPU T7300 T8300 || {{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }} || Intel GMA (2D), NVS 140m or Quadro FX 570M () || {{maybe|HD Audio with Analog Devices AD1984 or AD1984A HD Audio Codec routed to the line output}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} || {{no|intel e1000e 82573L}} || {{No|Intel but atheros with bios hacking risky}} || Icaros 1.6, AROS One  || 2007 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;X61 x61s X61T Tablet || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Core Duo T8100 on i965 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA 3100 (2D) slow 3D}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|AD1984 HD Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel 82566DM}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{maybe|Atheros AR5212 (some revisions use Intel WLAN runs very hot) bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2007 64bit ultrabook running very hot - ddr2 max 4gb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;R61 R61i || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 965 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;intel 965 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with conexant codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Broadcom BCM5787M || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 3945 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 64bit 
|-
| Lenovo 3000 N200 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Santa Rosa || {{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe| }} || {{yes|Geforce 7300 (2D)}} || {{yes|ALC262 HD Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} || {{no|Broadcom}} || {{no|Intel 3945 bios locked}} || Icaros 1.4 || 2007 64bit 3D graphics parts are supported but buggy.
|-
| Lenovo 3000 N200 / V200 || GM965 ICH9-M with Intel Mobile Core 2 Duo T5450 || {{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe| }} || {{yes|X3100 (2D)}} || {{Maybe|HD Audio ALC269VB or CX20549}} || {{yes| }} || {{no|BCM5906M}} || {{no|Intel 3965 / 4965AGN bios locked}} || Icaros 1.4.1 2.1 || 2007 64bits of laptop works 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;X300 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Core 2 Duo Merom SL7100 1.2GHz  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1.8 inch || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Intel X3100}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio AD1984A || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 4965 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 64bit 13.3&quot; TFT 1440x900 (WXGA+) with LED backlight 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad Edge 11″ AMD K325 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;M880G || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA for ATI HD4200}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 8111}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|8192CE (Realtek 8176) bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 little support
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad X301 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Core 2 Duo Penryn SU9400 Su9600 with GM45 chipset || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1.8 inch micro SATA (uSATA) || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Intel X4500}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AD1984A || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 5xxx WiFi link 5100, 5150, 5300 and 5350 (WiMAX) bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 WXGA+ (1440×900) LED backlight display -  2774 or 4057 Alps and 2776 Synaptics touchpad - optical bay interface is Legacy IDE (PATA) - Addonics ADMS18SA, Lycom ST-170m 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;X100e || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Athlon Neo Single-Core (MV-40) and dual cores || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|2.5in tray in ide mode in bios}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa ATI HD3200}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio with CX20582 codec playback}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek 8111}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek r8192se bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit 11.6in 1366 x 768 - 20v 65W round barrel - enter f1 setup f11 diagnostics f12 boot list - runs very warm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;SL400 SL500 || Intel  || {{N/A}} || {{Yes|IDE mode}} || {{Maybe|Nvidia 9400M}} || {{Maybe|ALC269}} || {{yes|USB 2.0}} || {{Maybe|RTL8169}} || {{Maybe| bios locked}} ||  || 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;SL410 SL510 || 965  || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE mode}} || {{maybe|Intel GMA X4500M (some 2D)}} || {{yes|HD Audio with ALC269 codec - speaker and ear phones}} || {{yes|USB 2.0}} || {{yes|RTL8169}} || {{Maybe| bios locked}} || [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showpost.php?p=645774&amp;postcount=28 Icaros 1.3] || 2009 64bit SL-410 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;T400 ODM Wistron || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;i || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Intel 4500MHD works limited 2d no 3d - optional switchable Nvidia or ATi HD3470 untested}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with Codec CX20561 (T400)}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel e1000e}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel Wifi Link 5100 (AGN) half height card with FRU 43Y6493 or 5300 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit 20v lenovo plug - non-free firmware required iwlwifi 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;T400s || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;i || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VSEA for Intel 4500MHD works limited 2d no 3d}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HD Audio with CX20585}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel e1000e}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel Wifi Link 5100 (AGN) half height card with FRU 43Y6493 or 5300 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit non-free firmware required iwlwifi 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo T500 T510 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;i || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA for switchable Intel / AMD  HD 3640}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|Intel HD Audio with a CX20561 (t500) and CX20585 (T510) codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel or Lenovo branded unit Atheros AR5007EG AR5BHB63 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;X200 ODM Wistron [http://itgen.blogspot.co.uk/2008/12/installing-arch-linux-on-lenovo.html X200s] and x200t tablet model without [http://fsfe.soup.io/post/590865884/the-unconventionals-blog-English-Flashing-Libreboot-on Risky flash of the Libreboot BIOS] || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;GM45 GS45 with slow Celeron, SU or faster SL Core 2 Duos CPUs || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe||Intel GMA 4500 MHD 2D but slow software 3D tunnel 10 gearbox 8 tests}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|Intel HD Audio with Conexant CX20561 codec playback}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{{Yes|USB 2.0 USB SD card reads and writes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel 82567LM Gigabit}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel Pro 5100 5150 5300 5350 AGN due to whitelist prevention bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.0.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit 12.1&quot; CCFL (webcam version) or LED backlit (no webcam). no support for 54mm express cards or Authentec 2810 fingerprint reader - thinkpoint only no trackpad - thinklight - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo T410 T410s T410si || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;qm57 with i5 m || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|use vesa Intel 5700MHD (Ironlake) core processor igp with optional Nvidia Quadro NVS 3100M}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio Conexant CX20585 codec playback}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel 82577lm gigabit}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Intel n 6200 or Atheros AR9280 AR5BHB92 half size minipcie bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.2 xmas || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit battery life much lower with Nvidia graphics version - no support firewire ricoh r5c832 - ricoh sd card - series 5 3400  
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;X201 X201s x201t || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;QM57 Core i3 370m, i5 M520 2.4GHz or i7 620LM 2.0GHz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|vesa 2d on Intel GMA HD}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|Intel HD with [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=94.0 Conexant 20585] codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 X201 arrandale power consumption limits battery life to 3-4 hours for 48Whr though to 6 on 72Whr - 12.5&quot; WXGA 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Ideapad B470, B570, V370, V470, V570 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel® Core™ i5 i5-2430M, i5-2450M, || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vesa 2d for Intel || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 0x8086, 0x1c20 with  codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|whitelisted}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit - 14in or 15.6in 768p - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;T420 type 4180 4236, t420s , T520 4239 L520 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;i5 2540, 2520 or i7 2860QM 2620 has sse4.1 avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE in BIOS but not AHCI}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 136 x 768 - Intel HD 3000 with optional NVS 4200M Nvidia optimus or Radeon HD 565v }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio playback ear phones only with Conexant CX20672 codec - AHI 6.27}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Intel PRO 1000 82579LM}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek 1x1, Intel Ultimate-N 6205 6250 2x2 6300 3x3 all bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.2.2 add noacpi to grub boot options || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit - screen 1600x900 or 1366x768 - 2 ddr3l sodimm slots max 16gb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad W520 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; has sse4.1 avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE in BIOS}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Intel HD 3000 with nvidia quadro 1000m 2000m optimus issues with Nvidia Intel hybrids}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|Intel Hd with CX 20585 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Intel 82579 Lm}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 6000s}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit - 15.6&quot; TFT display with 1366x768 (HD), 1600x900 (HD+) or 1920x1080 (FHD) resolution with LED backlight 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;X220 x220t || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;QM67 express, dual i5 2520M or i7 dual 2620M sse4.1 avx support || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE in BIOS but not AHCI}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 1024 x 768 for Intel HD Graphics 3000}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|Intel HD playback with Conexant 20672 codec ear phones and speaker - AHI 6.27 6.34}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Intel 82579LM}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6205 Wi-Fi bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.3, Aros One USB 1.6 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit possible - uses slimmer 7 mm storage sata devices - NEC USB 3.0 on i7's - unwanted trackpad gestures when palms rests on it - 2 ddr3 sodimm slots - external battery - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad X120e, x121e Quanta FL8A DAFL8AMB8D0 Rev D || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Hudson M1 with slow AMD E350 has no sse4.1 or avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA ATI 0x9802}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|ATI SBx00 Azalia HD Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB 2.0 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL8169 RTL8111  || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Broadcom 0x0576 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit 11.6 inch screen - 1 inch think - chiclet keyboard 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Ideapad S205 G575 G585, Edge 11 E325 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Slow E-350 later E-450 with A75 or AMD Athlon II Neo has no sse4.1 or avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA HD6310}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Atheros}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - removeable and plug in battery - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Ideapad S206 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD E300 1.3GHZ Dual has no sse4.1 or avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|Intel HD Audio with CX20672 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|3.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Broadcom 10/100 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 11.6&quot; and integrated battery - Conexant® 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo x130e or x131e edu || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Slow AMD E-300 or E-450 has no sse4.1 or avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Radeon HD 6310 or 6320 }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HD Audio Realtek ALC269VC / ALC3202 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|USB 30 and USB 20}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|Realtek RTL8111 RTL8168B}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek RTL8188CE or Broadcom BCM43228 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - rubber edged bumper for K12 education market - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad Edge E135 E335 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;amd dual E-300, E2-1800 or E2-2000 slow atom like A68M FCH has no sse4.1 or avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|SATA 3.0Gb/s 2.5&quot; wide 7mm high}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA radeon 6310 or 7340 vga or hdmi}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3202 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|2 usb3, 1 powered usb2}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 8111f}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek WLAN whitelist bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 11.6 inch to 13.3in 1366x768 - Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) plastic case - external battery - 20v 65w lenovo barrel ac - 2 ddr3 sodimm 8Gb max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad Edge E525 E535 LENOVO IDEAPAD Z575 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A6-3420M A8-3500M later A8-4500M has no sse4.1 or avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA AMD 6620G later 7640G}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio with Conexant codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|USB2 but not usb3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek 8111}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 15.6in 1368 x 768 matt - 65W 20v lenovo round psu - thick desktop replacement - ThinkPad Edge E520 E520S E525 E530 E545 E535 E530C Laptop Keyboard swap - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;T430 t430i T530 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;ivy bridge i5 3320 3230m on Intel QM77 has sse4.1 and avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 1366 x 768 for Intel HD 4000 with optional Nvidia 5400M}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|Intel HD with Realtek ALC3202 aka ALC269VC codec playback ear head phones - HDA 6.27}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|USB 2 ports and usb2.0 devices thru usb 3.0 ports}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Intel e1000}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Intel or Atheros AR9285 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit fan noise and chiclet keyboard, synaptics trackpad - HD+ 768p - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad X230 x230t || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel QM67 express i5 has sse4.1 and avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|Intel HD with ALC269 aka ALC3202}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|I}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit - 12.2 in 1366 x 768 - 2 ddr3 sodimm slots - external battery - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad T440 t440s t440p T540 L440 L540 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;intel haswell 8 series Core i3 to i7 has sse4.1 and avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA - Intel 4600 or Nvidia}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel HD with Realtek ALC3232 alc269 codec or ALC292 || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Intel}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel AC 7260 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 64bit - 14 and 15&quot; models with glitchy trackpad and no physical buttons - keyboard repair not easy as well as 4 variants of key caps - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad X240 x240t ultrabook TN (20AL0081GE), HD IPS display without touch (20AL007NGE) and touch (20AL0076GE) but all 65% sRGB || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;haswell i7-4600U i5 4200U 4210U 4300U i3-4100U - two batteries, one internal 3cell 45N1110 (45N1111) or 45N1112 (FRU 45N1113) and external 3 / 6cell  45N1126 (FRU 45N1127) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2.5in 7mm sata (torq t7), m.2 2242 in WWAN slot (m and b key NGFF Sata) || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA for Intel 4400 for vga or mini-dp}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio 0x8086, 0x0a0c 0x8086, 0x9c20 with Realtek ALC3232 aka ALC292 0x10ec, 0x0292}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel® 82577LM Gigabit (Hanksville) }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek or Intel 7260n I218-V or I218-LM bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS One USB || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 64bit - 12.2in 1366 x 768 or 1080p - 1 ddr3l sodimm slot - no keyboard spill drainage and at least 2 variants of key caps - lenovo rectangle pwr ac - TPM 1.2 - Bluetooth 4.0 no support - bottom panel with 8 retained screws - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad Edge E545 
* key cap swap with E440 E531 E540 L440 L450 T431S T440S T440P T540 
* Keyboard swap L540 T540p W540 Edge E531 E540 W541 T550 W550S L560 P50S T560 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Socket FS1r2 A6-5350M (2c2t) or A8-4500M, A8-5550M, A10-5750M (4c4t) with A76M FCH has sse4.1 and avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2.5in 9.5mm - enter UEFI bios with Enter or ESC, config section, sata into compatibility and security, secure boot disabled - mini sata DVD burner PLSD DS8A9SH || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G ?? Islands}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|VOID for HDAudio 6.34 0x1022, 0x780d with Conexant CX20590 Analog 0x14f1, 0x506e CX20671 codec 0x14f1, 0x5069 or audio over Trinity HDMI}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|boots pen drives from yellow usb port but not from blue USB3 ones, issues with AMD usb3 hardware quirks}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 1GbE 8111F}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM43142 bios locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS One 2.3 USB works with noacpi added to end of grub2 boot line but not booting on AROS One 64bit 1.1 via usb2 stick or iso burnt to dvd || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 64bit - 15.6in 1366 x 768 matt - 20v 65w 90w round lenovo plug psu - 2 DDR3 SODIMM slots 16GB Max - external 6 Cell Li-Ion Battery 48Wh l11s6y01 45n1043 - 2pin CR2032 CMOS battery in wifi area jp1202 - amd v(tm) virtualization not working - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;AMD platform codes
*Beema: ABM, 
*Carizzo-L: ACL,
*Carizzo: ACZ, 
*Godavari: AGR, 
*Kaveri: AKV, 
*Stoney Ridge: ASR,
*Stoney Ridge: AST (NB), 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
*Summit Ridge: ASU, 
*Bristol Ridge-L: ABL, 
*Bristol Ridge: ABR, 
*Raven Ridge: ARR, 
*Picasso: API 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[https://www.laptop-schematics.com/db/78/V%20series%20laptops%20(Lenovo)/ V110-14AST (14in) V110-15AST, V110-14ISK V110-15ISK 80TL (15&quot;)],  || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD E1-9000, A6-9210 to A9-9410 all dual core and intel 6006u, 6100u, 6200u || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 2.5in sata most 7mm some 9.5mm || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD R2, R3, R5 or R6 or Intel Gfx}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio with codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit - 14in to 15.6in mostly 768p 220 nits - 20v 45W or 65W lenovo slim rectangle end ac - keyboard swap hard - integrated 24WHr battery - 4gb ddr4 ram soldered and 1 2133Mhz ddr4 slot max 12Gb - abs plastic - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;
*ThinkPad A275 12in (1 ddr4 1866MHz sodimm) 
*Thinkpad A475 14in (2 ddr4 1866MHz sodimm) - both internal (main) and external (secondary) battery 
|| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;A10-8730B A10-9700B 2.500Ghz later A12-8830B A12-9800B all 4c4t (AVX2 on 9000s) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|7mm 2.5in sata with mbr and not gpt, setup in another machine - secure boot disabled, bios startup boot set to legacy then uefi - WWAN slot cannot use M.2 2242 sata with M and B key}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD R5 or R7}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio 6.34 ahi 0x1022, 0x157a with ALC3268 aka ALC298 codec 0x10ec, 0x0298 - VOID even with QUERY / QUERYD added}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{no|USB3 error on boot suspect AMD usb3 quirk}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|rtl8169 RTL8111EPV}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek RTL8822BE WLAN whitelist locked cannot swap}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;{{maybe|AROSOne USB 32bit 1.8 with noacpi noapic noioapic added to grub2 boot line but Aros One 64bit 1.2 USB has krnPanic }} || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit 12 or 14in 768p - 45W or 65w lenovo rectangle ac adapter - F1 enter bios and F12 boot order - 6 retained screws and snap on base - 2100 error message no solution except using only efi/gpt bios option - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;320S-15AST, 320S-15ABR, ideapad Slim 1-11AST-05 81VR || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A6-9220e, AMD A6-9225, A9-9425, A10-9600P 7th Gen || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata 2.5in}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe| Vesa 2D for AMD}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 or Realtek RTL8821CE}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit AVX2 - 14in or 15.6&quot; 768p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo Ideapad S145-14AST S145-15AST 81N3 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A6-9225, A9-9425, A10-9600P 7th Gen, AMD A12-9720P Mobo 5B20P11110 NMB341 Bristol Ridge || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata 2.5in}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Radeon 8670A 8670M 8690M GCN 3}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 or Realtek RTL8821CE}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit AVX2 - 14in or 15.6&quot; 768p or 1080p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo Ideapad V145-14AST V145-15AST, 81mt, Ideapad 310, Ideapad 320-15ABR, Ideapad 330-14AST 330-15AST 330-17AST || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A6-9225, A9-9425 (2c2t), A10-9600P 7th Gen, AMD A12-9720P Mobo 5B20P11110 NMB341 Bristol Ridge || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|sata 2.5in with optional dvd}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Radeon 8670A 8670M 8690M GCN 3}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDaudio with ALC3240-va3-cg aka ALC236? codec 0x10de, 0x0236}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|rtl8169 8106E 10/100 only}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Qualcomm Atheros QCA9377 or Realtek RTL8821CE}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit AVX2 - 14in or 15.6&quot; 768p or 1080p - 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 45w 65w slim ac adapter - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo V330-14ARR 81B1, V330-15ARR 81, 330-14ARR 81 330-15ARR 81D2 - battery internal about 30whr || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen R3 2200U, 2300U or R5 2500U Raven Ridge || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;M.2 nvme/sata, optional 2.5in sata but no dvd || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Vega 3, 6 or 8 up to 1Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio 0x1002, 0x15de with Realtek® ALC5682I-VD codec 0x10de, 0x or coxenant CX11802 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|Realtek 1GbE}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 14&quot; 768p 20mm thick 1.8kg - 20v 2.25a 45w ac round barrel - chiclet keyboard - 4Gb soldered and 1 ddr4 sodimm - TPM 2.0 in bios - 4GB soldered - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Ideapad 330s-14ARR, 330s-15ARR, ideapad 330S-14IKB, 330S-15IKB,  - battery internal about 30whr || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen R3 2200U, 2300U or R5 2500U Raven Ridge || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|nvme}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD or Intel 610, 620 up to 1Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD Audio with  codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 14&quot; 20mm thick 1.8kg - 20v 2.25a 45w ac round barrel - chiclet keyboard - 4Gb soldered and 1 ddr4 sodimm - TPM 2.0 in bios - 4GB soldered - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad Edge E485 E585 - internal battery only || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen R3 2300U R5 2500U R7 2700U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|m.2 nvme optional 1 2.5in sata}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA for Vega 3, 8 or 10}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio with CX11852 codec }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 rtl8111GUS}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 14in or 15.6in 768p or 1080p - USB-C 20V 2.25A 3.25A avoid knocking charging port as damages easily - 2 ddr4 sodimm slot max 2400Mhz 32GB - TPM 2.0 software - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad A285 - internal and external battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen PRO 3 2200U 5 2500U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|m.2 nvme/sata}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Vega up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HD Audio with ALC ALC3287 codec aka ALC257 }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Mini-Ethernet/Docking}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm - WLAN whitelist no more??}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 12.5in 1080p - avoid usb-c port being lifted/moved whilst in use as damages laptop easily - soldered ram 8gb or 16gb  - WWAN whitelist - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad A485 bios setting [https://github.com/PSPReverse/PSPTool AMD PSP Platform Security Processor Key] - internal and external battery || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen PRO 5 2500U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata port and m.2 nvme port || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Vega }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HD Audio with ALC ALC3287 codec aka ALC 257 }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111GUL}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi - WLAN whitelist no more??}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 14in 768p, 1080p or 1440p - avoid usb-c port being lifted/moved whilst in use as damages laptop easily - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots max 32gb - WWAN whitelist - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;[https://www.diy-laptoprepair.com/forum/fix-Lenovo-V155-15-repair-guide-schematics.php Lenovo v155-15api 81V5] V155 (15&quot; AMD) budget all plastic build - MS new protocol, HID over I2C so [https://askubuntu.com/questions/1033033/elantech-touchpad-does-not-work-i2c-hid i2c] [https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/drivers/input/mouse/elantech.c?h=v6.17 i2c] [https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v4.16/input/devices/elantech.html PS2 hybrid trackpad] [https://cgit.freebsd.org/src/tree/sys/dev/atkbdc/psm.c?h=releng/14.3 elantech] [https://cvsweb.openbsd.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/sys/dev/pckbc/?only_with_tag=OPENBSD_7_8_BASE i2c-hid] 04F3:3140 touchpad not working - internal sunwoda battery L18D3PF1, L18L3PF1, L18C3PF2 35Whr most dead after 5 years || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;'''tested''' Ryzen 5 3500U and Ryzen 3 3200U - '''untested''' AMD Athlon 300U with bios winbond 25q64fwsiq soic 1.8v bios near nvme || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 M.2 nvme and usually 2.5in 7mm sata - install on mbr not gpt 2.5in in another compatible machine - mini sata dvd/cd da-8aesh11b will boot cd or dvd aros || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D to 1080p work for Vega 3 or 8 with up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken but hdmi 1.4b no output}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HDAudio add 0x1022, 0x15E3 with ALC3287 aka Realtek ALC257 codec 0x10ec, 0x0257 with 32bit on external speaker and most of the time works on 64bit}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|2 USB3.0, on left hand side, detected but no usb-c ports}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 RTL8111GUS works well with 32bit and 64bit}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek or Intel wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2025 AROS One 2.8 DVD 32bit and AROS One x64 1.1 and 1.2 iso DVD burnt || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - 15.6in 768p or 1080p 200nits tn panel - 4Gb ddr4 2400MHz soldered with 1 dimm slot max 20Gb - round ac 20V 65W psu 4.0mm x 1.7mm - Fn+F2 to enter bios and F12 boot order - no sd card slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;V15-ADA 82C700E4UK- elan touchpad not working - internal battery 34whr L16M2PB2 l16l2pb3 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD r5 3500U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1x 2.5&quot; HDD + 1x M.2 SSD NVMe near fan, no cd dvd || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3, 8 with up to 1080p with 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio 6.36 0x1022, 0x15E3 with R155189 ALC236 codec 0x10ec, 0x0236 on 32bit and on 64bit}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|3 USB3, on left hand side,}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2025 3500U with Aros One 32bit 2.8 installed to 2.5in drive on another machine and same for 64bit || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - 14 or 15.6in 768p on low spec machines to 1080p - 4GB soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - sd card slot - noisy fan - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;V15-ADA 82C7 - elan touchpad not working - internal battery 34whr L16M2PB2 l16l2pb3 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Athlon Silver 3020e, Ryzen 3 3050U, 3150U, 3250U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1x 2.5&quot; HDD + 1x M.2 SSD NVme near fan, no cd dvd || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3, 8 with up to 1080p with 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD Audio 6.36 0x1022, 0x15E3 with RTS5119 R155119 ALC230 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|3 USB3.0, on left hand side,}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2025 Aros One 32bit 2.8 and 64bit || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - 14 or 15.6in 768p on low spec machines to 1080p - 4GB soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - sd card slot - for this mbd bios ram disable doesn't work - noisy fan - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo V14-ADA 82C6, - elan touchpad not working - if blank black display, bios bug going from uefi-&gt;legacy so reset bios rhs push in with pin, then Down, ent, Right x3, ent, up, ent, right, ent x2 - internal battery 34whr L16M2PB2 l16l2pb3 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;'''tested''' 3250U - '''untested''' AMD Athlon Silver 3020e, Ryzen 3 3050U, 3150U - for this mbd GV451&amp;GV551 NM-D151 bios ram disable doesn't work || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1x 2.5&quot; HDD if cbl + 1x M.2 SSD NVMe near fan, no cd dvd || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3 up to 1080p with 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HD Audio 6.36 0x1022, 0x15E3 with Realtek ALC3223 RTS5119 R185199 aka ALC230 codec 0x10ec, 0x0230 on 32bit and on 64bit}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|3 USB3, on left hand side,}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2025 AMD 3250U with Aros One 32bit 2.8 installed to 2.5in drive on another machine and same for 64bit || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - 14 or 15.6in 768p on low spec machines to 1080p - 4GB soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - sd card slot - F2 bios F12 select - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;IdeaPad 1 14ADA5 (low spec cpus) ideaPad 3 14ADA05, IdeaPad 3 15ADA05 81W100QVUK, IdeaPad 3 17ADA05 - elan touchpad not working - internal battery 34whr L16M2PB2 l16l2pb3 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Athlon Silver 3020e, Ryzen 3 3050U, 3150U, 3250U, Ryzen 5 3500U on mobo NM-C821 REV 0.2 1.0 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1x 2.5&quot; HDD if cbl + 1x M.2 SSD NVMe near fan, no cd dvd || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3, 8 up to 1080p with 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HD Audio 6.36 0x1022, 0x15E3 with ALC230 codec 0x10ec, 0x0230 on 32bit and on 64bit}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|3 USB3, on left hand side,}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek or Qualcomm wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2025 Aros One 32bit 2.8 installed to 2.5in drive on another machine and same for 64bit || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - 14 or 15.6in 768p on low spec machines to 1080p - 4GB soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 2pin cr2032 cmos coin battery - sd card slot - F2 bios F12 boot select - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo IdeaPad L340-15API 81LW001CUS L340-17API - elan trackpad not functioning - internal battery L18M3PF2 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Athlon 300U, Ryzen 3 3200U r5 3500U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 M.2 nvme and usually 2.5in sata if ribbon cable present - mini sata dvd/cd da-8aesh11b || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 3 or 8 with up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken - hdmi 1.4b}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio add 0x1022, 0x15E3 with Realtek ALC236 0x10ec, 0x0236}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 not detected}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111GUS}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek or Intel wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS One 2.8 USB - install on mbr not gpt 2.5in in another compatible machine || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - 15.6in 768p or 1080p 200nits - 4Gb ddr4 2400MHz soldered with 1 dimm slot max 20Gb - round ac 20V 65W psu 4.0mm x 1.7mm - Return or F1 to enter bios and F12 boot order - no sd card slot - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;[https://www.laptop-schematics.com/db/78/T%20series%20laptops%20(ThinkPad)/ ThinkPad T295 T495] || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 3 3300U, R5 Pro 3500U or R7 3700U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 NVMe up to 2280 || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Vega 6, 8 or 10 up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HD Audio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111EPV}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek RTL8822BE or Intel AC 9260}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - 14in 768p but mostly FHD 1080p 250 nits - internal battery - ram 8gb or 16gb 2400Mhz soldered with 1 ddr4 slot on T495 only - TPM 2.0 - usb-c charging avoid knock whilst in use - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad T495s (14in) X395 (13in) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 3 3300U, R5 Pro 3500U or R7 3700U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 NVMe up to 2280 || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA Vega 6, 8 or 10 up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HD Audio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{unk| needs Lenovo ThinkPad Ethernet Adapter Gen 2 SC10P42352 or SC10P42354}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek RTL8822BE or Intel AC 9260 wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - 13in or 14in 768p but mostly FHD 1080p 250 nits - internal battery - ram 8gb or 16gb 2400Mhz soldered - TPM 2.0 - usb-c charging avoid knock whilst in use - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad E14 Gen2, E15 Gen 2 (AMD) 20T8,  - lenovo has a mobile phone PC Diagnostic App for error/beep codes || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 3 4300U, 5 4500U, 7 4700U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 m.2 nvme, 1 2242 and 1 2280 || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD Radeon up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HD Audio with ALC ALC3287 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111GUS}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 15.6in 1080p 220 nits - TPM 2.0 - usb-c charging of internal 45Whr battery - 4gb ddr4 3200Mhz soldered and 1 ddr4 sodimm slot max 20Gb - keyboard swap problematic - plastic bendy case - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo ThinkPad T14 Gen 1, ThinkPad P14s Gen 1 (AMD) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 3 4300u, 5 4500U, Ryzen 5 Pro 4650U, Ryzen 7 Pro 4750U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 NVMe || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD Vega }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 0x10EC, 0x0257}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111EPV (DASH models) or RTL8111HN}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit - USB-C charging avoid moving whilst in use - 14&quot; or 15&quot; 1080p - keyboard swap problematic - 8gb or 16gb 3200MHz soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - sd card slot - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkpad L14 Gen 1, L15 Gen 1, || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 3 4300u, 5 4500U, Ryzen 5 Pro 4650U, Ryzen 7 Pro 4750U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 NVMe || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for AMD Vega }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 0x10EC, 0x0257}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle RTL8111EPV (DASH models) or RTL8111HN}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit - USB-C charger avoid moving whilst in use - 14&quot; or 15&quot; 1080p - keyboard swap problematic - 8gb or 16gb 3200MHz soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - sd card slot - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo ThinkPad X13 Gen1 AMD,  || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD RYZEN 3 4450U, 5 4650U or 7 4750U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;One drive, up to 512GB M.2 2242 SSD or 1TB M.2 2280 SSD NVMe || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{partial|VESA Radeon up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| but USB-C ports can fail}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Realtek RTL8111EPV, mini RJ-45 to RJ-45 via optional ThinkPad Ethernet Extension Adapter Gen 2}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek Wi-Fi 6 RTL8852AE}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 13.3&quot; HD 1366x768 to 1080p - USB-C port care needed as damages easily - Memory soldered to systemboard, no slots, dual-channel DDR4-3200 - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo ThinkBook 14 G2, 15 G2 Are || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 5 4500u, 7 4700U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;14in has 2 m.2 nvme but 15in has 1 nvme and might have 2.5in sata metal caddy if smaller battery version || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2d for AMD Radeon up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with ALC???? codec 0x10EC, 0x0}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit - 14in or 15in 1080p - usb-c charging but high failure rate on the charging port - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot 3200mhz - hinge(s) issues - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;IdeaPad 5 14ARE05 (81YM), Ideapad 5 15ARE05 (), IdeaPad 3 17ARE05 (model 81W5) - elan touchpad MSFT0004:00 06CB:CD98 not working || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;'''tested''' 4500u - '''untested''' AMD 3 4300U (4c4t), 4600U (6c12t), 7 4700u (8c16t) on AMD Promontory Bixby FCH || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{no|1x M.2 2242 slot and 1x M.2 2280 NVMe which will take sata m.2 will boot to grub then laptop reset after choice}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D for Vega 6 via hdmi output up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio 6.36 0x1637 0x15e3 with Realtek ALC3287 aka ALC257 codec 0x10ec 0x0257}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB 3.1 or 3.2 gen 1}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel ax200 wifi 6}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;4500u with AROS One 64bit 1.2 usb installed to m.2 sata on another machine || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit 14inch 768p or 1080p - round lenovo ac - 4gb, 8gb, or 16gb ddr4 3200Mhz ram soldered with 1 slot - keyboard swap problematic - integrated battery  - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Ideapad Flex 5 81X2, Lenovo Yoga 6 13ALC6 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD R5 4500u, R7 4800U, R3 5300 R5 5500U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;M.2 NVMe ssd || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA AMD Vega up to 2Gb of soldered ram memory taken}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HD Audio with ALC? codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3.1 gen 1}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|realtek ac wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit abs plastic case 14in convertible 1080p touch low nits - 65w usb-c psu ac - possible wacom esr note taking pen supplied - ram soldered DDR4 - keyboard swap problematic - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad T14 Gen 2, P14s Gen 2 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 5850U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDaudio with ALC3287-CG codec 0x10EC, 0x0}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 - usb-c power 90% failure rate on the charging port - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo ThinkBook 14 G3, 15 G3 ACL, || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 5 5500U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;m.2 nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2d for AMD Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with ALC codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit - 14in or 15in 1080p - usb-c charging powered - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad E14 G3, E15 Gen 3 (AMD) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 5300U 5500U 5650U 5700U 5800U  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;up to 2 m.2 nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDaudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 RTL8111GUS}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|realtek or intel }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - - usb-c charging issues - keyboard swap problematic - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 3200Mhz sodimm slot - plastic bendy case -  
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;V14 Gen 2 (82KA, 82KC)
*ALO 
*ALC 82KD
 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 3 5300U, 5 5500U, 7 5700U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 nvme 2280 and optional 2.5in sata after sourcing ribbon cable and connector, no dvd || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H-CG}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - 15.6&quot; FHD 1080p - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 65w round ac adaptor - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;V15 G2 Gen2 (82KB, 82KD)
*ALO 
*ALC 82KD
 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 3 5300U, 5 5500U, 7 5700U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 nvme 2280 and optional 2.5in sata after sourcing ribbon cable and connector, no dvd || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H-CG}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - 15.6&quot; FHD 1080p - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 sodimm slot - 65w round ac adaptor - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad L15 Gen 2 (15″, AMD) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 5000 series AMD Ryzen 3 5400U (4c8t), 5 5600U, 5 5650U (6c12t), 7 PRO 5850U (8c16t) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek® ALC3287}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle RTL8111EPV (DASH models) or RTL8111HN}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - 15.6in 768p or 1080p - usb-c charging - 4gb soldered with 1 ddr4 3200Mhz sodimm slot - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad E14 Gen 4, E15 Gen 4 (15″, AMD) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 3 5425u, 5 5625U, 7 5825u || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 (14&quot;) or 2 (15&quot;) nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with ALC3287 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit - 15.6in 1080p - usb-c charging - 4gb or 8gb soldered with 1 ddr4 3200Mhz sodimm slot - L19M3PDA 45Whr battery - U24 TPS65994 and QB6 QB5 mosfet issues - plastic bendy case - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad T14 Gen 3 Machine types MT 21AH 21AJ 21CF and 21CG, P14s Gen 3 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 6850U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{n/a}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2d || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| ALC3287-VA2-CG codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|rtl8169 }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - 14in 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad T14s Gen 3 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 6500U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{n/a}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2d || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| ALC3287-VA2-CG codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Ethernet support via optional Lenovo® USB-C® to Ethernet Adapter}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - 14in 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;V14 G3, V15 G3 Gen3 ALC || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ryzen 5 6500U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme and optional 2.5in sata if smaller 38Wh battery and after sourcing ribbon cable and connector, no dvd || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit - 15&quot;FHD - battery BYD L20B2PFO - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad L15 Gen 3 (15″, AMD) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 6000 series || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit- 15.6in 1080p - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo Yoga 7 14ARB7 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 5, 6600U, 7 6800U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 660M or 680M || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDaudio with ALC3306 aka alc287 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - 14in 1800p ips 300 nits - usb-c ac charging 71whr integrated battery - sd card slot - digital pen input - 8gb, 6gb or 32gb soldered ddr5 ram - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad T14 Gen 4, P14s Gen 4 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen Pro 5 7540U, Ryzen Pro 7 7840U (AI NPU) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{n/a}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD 740M 780M|| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio ALC3287 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit - 14in 1920x1200 - 8gb, 16gb or 32gb lpddr5 soldered - usb-c charging - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad E14 g5, E15 Gen 5 (15″, AMD) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 7000 series Ryzen 5-7530U, 7-7730U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit- 15.6in 1080p - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkbook 14 G6 ABP IRL, ThinkBook 16 G6ABP (21KK001CUK) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 7530U 7730U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;m.2 nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2d for AMD Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDaudio with codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 untested}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit - 14in 1200p or 1440p - 100W USB-C AC power adapter - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;IdeaPad Slim 5 Light 14ABR8 Laptop || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 3 7330U (4c8t) 5 7530U (6c12t) 7 7730U (8c16t) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 m.2 nvme slot - 1 2242, 1 2280 || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2d for AMD Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDaudio with Realtek® ALC3287 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit - 14in 1080p - 8Gb or 16Gb soldered ram - usb-c charging only - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad X13 Gen 4 (13&quot; AMD) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 7480U 7040U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{partial|VESA}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 - avoid usb-c port damage - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad L14 (Gen4), L15 Gen 4 (15&quot; AMD) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;MD Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U, 7480U 7040U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{partial|VESA}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit - elan trackpad - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo Gen 4 V14 (82YT, 82YV, 83A0, 83A1, 83CC, 83FR, 82YX, 83FG), V15 (82YU, 82YW, 83FS, 82YY, 83CR), V17 (83A2),  || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD AMD Athlon™ Gold 7220U (2c4t), AMD Athlon™ Silver 7120U (2c2t), AMD Ryzen™ 3 7320U (4c8t), AMD Ryzen™ 5 7520U (4c8t) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme and 2.5in sata if smaller 38Wh battery, no dvd || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2d for AMD 610M HDMI® and USB-C}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDaudio  with ALC3287 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Gigabit Ethernet, 1x RJ-45}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|wifi 6}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit - 15.6&quot; FHD 1080p - 8 or 16Gb soldered - 65W round tip (3-pin) AC adapter or USB-C - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad e14 G6, e15 Gen 6 (15″, AMD) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 7000 series AMD Ryzen™ 7 7735HS || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D for AMD Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit- 15.6in 1080p - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad L16 (16&quot; AMD),  || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 8000 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme  || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2D || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB4}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|rtl8169 needs dongle}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 64bit 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad T14 Gen 5, P14s Gen 5 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 8840U, AMD Ryzen™ 5 PRO 8540U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVME || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2d || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169 }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 64bit - 14inch 1920 x 1200 - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt; Lenovo WinBook 300e SKU: 82GKS00000 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 3015E  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit 4GB 64GB SSD 11.6 Inch Touchscreen Windows 10 Pro Laptop 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad  || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo Yoga Slim 7a || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Ryzen AI 7350 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 nvme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 860M || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDaudio with ALC3306 aka alc287 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| wifi}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 64bit - 14in 1800p ips 300 nits - usb-c ac charging 71whr integrated battery - sd card slot - digital pen input - 8gb, 6gb or 32gb soldered ddr5 ram - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad  || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkPad  || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

====Samsung====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;2%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;NP-Q1 Q1 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Celeron-M 353 ULV 600Mhz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes|1.8&quot; SFF HDD 20 / 60 GB }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|GMA 915 2D and 3D opengl1 tunnel 95 gearbox 68}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with  codec - head phones only}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvell}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{Yes|Atheros 5006EX}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit old style tablet UltraMobile PC UMPC - Wacom serial resistive pen or finger no support - 1 sodimm ddr2 max 1Gb - LCD 7&quot; WVGA (800 x 480) - CompactFlash port Type II - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;NP Q1U Ultra Mobile PC UMPC Q1F NP-Q1-F000 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel A100 600 / A110 Stealey 800 MHz CPU || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|GMA 950 2D and 3D opengl1}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD Audio 1986}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{Maybe|Atheros 5006EX}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit 1024×600 - sd card slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;NP P500 family P500Y || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD with SB600 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA Ati x1250}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes| Audio with  codec }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvell 88E8039 yukon}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{yes|Atheros G}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;64bit possible - 15.4 tft display - cheap plastic okay build - 19v propriety end - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;R505 R510 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros G || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;R520 R522 R610H R620 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel Mobile Core i3 Intel PM45 82801M ICH9-M|| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;ATI Mobility Radeon HD 4650 (RV730)  || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel HD Audio with Realtek ALC272  || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Marvell Yukon 88E8057 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros AR5007EG || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 64 bit possible 
|-
| NP-R530 ||  || {{N/A}} || {{partial|IDE mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{partial|HD Audio playback}} || {{yes|USB 2.0}} || {{no|Marvell}} || {{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || Icaros 1.5.2 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Samsung R730 17.3 Essential Notebook NP-R730-JA02UK, NP-R730-JA01SE, R730-JT06 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel HM55 Dual Core T4300 i3-370M || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA for Intel 4500MHD and GeForce G 310M with 1 VGA, 1 HDMI}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HDAudio ALC??? codec Realtek}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|USB2}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvell Yukon 88E8059 PCI-E}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Broadcom, Intel or Atheros 9k AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwoods ISO 2023-11 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 64bit - 17.3in HD 1280 x 720 pixels low contrast or some 1600x900 - 2 DDR3 sodimm slots - 2.84 kg 6.26 lbs - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://www.notebookcheck.net/Review-Samsung-305U1A-A01DE-Subnotebook.68246.0.html Series 3 Samsung 305u1a] || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Zacate E350 or E450 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD Radeon 6320 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC ACL 269 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111 8169 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Broadcom 4313 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;NP-RV415 NP-RV515 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;E350 or E450 plus A50M chipset || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD Radeon HD 6470 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio Realtek || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{unk|RTL8169 Realtek RTL8111 8168B}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit slow -  
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Series 5 NP535U3C || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;A6-4455M || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2.5in || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek GbE || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit slow - 13.3in 1368 x 768 - plastic build - 65w 19v psu - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;series 3 NP355V5C || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;A6-4400M, A8-4500M, A10-4600M || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2.5in || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;7640M || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek GbE || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit - 15.4in 1368 x 768 - plastic build - 65w 19v psu - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Samsung ATIV Book 9 Lite NP905S3G || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A6-1450 quad 1GHz Temash atom like || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;128gb || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 8250 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Realtek rtl8169 but only with mini LAN AA-AE2N12B Ethernet Adapter RJ45 dongle}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9565}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 64bit - 13.3 TN glossy 1366 x 768 200nits 60% srgb - plastic case - 26W battery built in with 4hr life - 19V 2.1A 3.0*1.0mm psu - 1 ddr3l slot max 4gb - 720p webcam - mini hdmi out - 1w speakers - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====Toshiba====

[[#top|...to the top]]

Order of Build Quality (Lowest to highest) 
&lt;pre &gt;
Equium 
Satellite (Pro) 
Libretto 
Portege
Tecra
&lt;/pre &gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Tecra 8100 8200 9000 || 440BX || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|S3 Savage MX 3D (VESA only)}} || {{no|Yamaha DS-XG ymf744 ymf-754}} || {{yes|USB1.1 only}} || {{N/A}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.5 || little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Tecra 9100 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;810 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|S3 Savage IX}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|ymf754}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB 1.1 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;eeee pro100 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PSU Adapter For Toshiba Tecra 9000 9100 A1 A10 A11 A3 A3X A4 A5 A7 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M7 M9 R10 S1 series 75 Watt 15V 5A
|-
| [http://tuxmobil.org/toshiba_sp4600.html Satellite Pro 4600] || i810 || IDE || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|Trident Cyber Blade XP (VESA only)}} || {{no|YAMAHA DS-XG AC97 ymf754}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel e100}} || {{no|Agere (internal PCMCIA)}} || || little support 
|-
| Satellite 2805 S603 || Intel 815 || {{yes|IDE}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|nVidia GeForce2 Go}} || {{no|Yamaha Corp YMF 754}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO/100}} || {{dunno}} || || little support
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite A10 S167 S1291 - A15 A20 A25 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P4M || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 852GM or Radeon || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL 8139 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{Maybe|Intel 2100, Agere or Atheros PA3399U 1MPC minipci}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;a few models came with antenna leads 
|-
| Satellite [http://eu.computers.toshiba-europe.com/innovation/jsp/SUPPORTSECTION/discontinuedProductPage.do?service=EU&amp;com.broadvision.session.new=Yes&amp;PRODUCT_ID=76230 A30-714] || P4-M / 82845 i845 || {{yes|82801}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|RTL8139}} || {{N/A}} || Icaros 1.2.4 || nice laptop, drawbacks: heavy, really hot (P4-3.06 GHz!!) - A30 (EU) A33 (Australian) A35 (USA) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite A40 A45 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P4M or Celeron M with Intel 845 865 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 852GME or Radeon 7000 Mobility || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 Realtek || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2.0 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros 5002G 5004G - PA3299U mini pci || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit - A40 S161 A40-S1611 A40-2701, A45-S120 A45-S1201 S130 S1301 S1501  - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite a50 A55 a60-s156 Equium A60 PSA67E A65 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P4M or Celeron M with Intel 845 865 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 852GME or Radeon 7000 Mobility || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 Realtek || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2.0 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros 5002G 5004G - PA3299U mini-pci || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite A70 A75-S206 A80 A85-S107 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P4M or Celeron-M with Intel 845 865 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 852GME or Radeon 7000 Mobility || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 Realtek || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2.0 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros 5002G 5004G - PA3299U mini-pci || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.5.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit - 
|-
| Toshiba Satellite Pro M30 || intel 855 || {{yes|boots with ATA=nodma option}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes|USB2.0}} || {{yes|Intel PRO/100 VE}} || {{dunno}} || Icaros 1.5 || nice laptop with some support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Portege M300 - M200 tablet || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;855GM with 1.2GHz Pentium M 753 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA 2d only - tablet with nvidia 5200 go}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|AC97 STAC 9750}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|Intel PRO 100}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Tecra M2 M2-S || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 855P Pentium-M || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;nvidia fx go5200 32mb or 64mb agp || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 1981B || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel Pro || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit - PSU 15V 5A - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite Pro L20 267 (PSL2YE PSL2XE) PSL25E L30 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Celeron M 370 1.4 1.5GHz, 1.73Ghz with RC410M SB400 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|IDE mode}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA - Ati x200}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|[https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-490297-start-0.html ALC861]}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|Boots usb sticks}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8139 Realtek 8139}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros mini-pci should work maybe not working with ATi chipset or need to swap??}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit 14&quot; pioneer dvd-rw - 19v 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite L30 PSL30E L33 PSL33E || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 800 or ATi RC410 x200 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 AD1981B or HD Audio ALC861 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;realtek 8139 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros or Intel || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;L30 PSL30L 101 PSL33E 113 115 134 00M019 - 
|-
| Satellite Pro M40 313 psm44e || AMD with Ati || {{yes|boots with ATA=nodma}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|VESA}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes|USB2.0}} || {{yes|}} || {{maybe|atheros askey ar5bmb5 mini pci}} || || 2005 32bit - nice laptop with some support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite L40 PSL40E PSL40L, PSL43E || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GM with  U7700 1.3GHz ULV || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 945 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|Intel HD with AD1986A codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 USB2.0 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;realtek 8139 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros AR24xx Askey || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.0.3 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit only -  - 12X 13G 139 14B 143 15J 19O  - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite L45 PSL40U S7409 S2416 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GM with Celeron M 440 1.86 GHz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 945 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|Intel HD with AD1986A codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 USB2.0 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;realtek 8139 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros AR24xx Askey || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.0.3 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite Pro A100 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;940G || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Nvidia G72M Quadro NVS 110M GeForce Go 7300 / Ati (PSAA3E)|| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with ALC861 codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel 100 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel 3945 swap with atheros || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite A110 159 (PSAB0), Equium A110 (PSAB2E), Satellite A110 233 (PSAB6),  || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC861 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8136 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite Pro A120 PSAC0 PSAC1 PSAC1E || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Core Solo GMA 950 to T2300 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GMA 945 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC262 or AC97 AD1981B || &lt;!--USB--&gt;UHCI EHCI  || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros Ar5001 or Intel or Broadcom || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;15V 4A charger - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite Pro A120 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Core Duo ATi RS480 + SB450 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;use VESA - ATI RC410 Radeon Xpress 200M || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC262 || &lt;!--USB--&gt;OCHI UHCI || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL 8139 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel 3945 or Atheros Ar5001 || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;15v 5a proprietary charger needed 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satelite A130 PSAD6U || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8101E || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros or Intel || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ST1311 s1311 ST1312 S2276 S2386  - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite A135 S2686 (Compal LA 3391P) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8101E || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros or Intel || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;S2246 S2346 S2256 S4477 S4666 S4827  - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite A200 PSAE1E (Inventec MW10M) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Pentium M with 945GM Express Celeron M 520 1.6Ghz or Pentium® Core Duo T2130 1.86 GHz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{N/A}}|| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{Maybe|SATA}}|| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D and 3D)}}|| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{Yes|HD Audio ALC862}}|| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{Yes| }}|| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{yes|RTL8101E rtl8139}}|| &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; {{yes|Atheros 5000 - FN,F5 or FN,F8 or switch}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 AspireOS 1.8 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 Excellent 32 bit support! - make sure that your WLAN card is enabled, do this using the hardware switch and FN+F8 key combination 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; A210, Satellite A215 AMD (Inventec 10A) S5808 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; Ati with SB690 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{N/A}}|| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|SATA}}|| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA HD2600 Mobility M76}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio ALC268 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{Yes| }}|| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL8101E}}|| &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; {{yes|Atheros 5000}}|| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2018 AspireOS 1.8 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;A215-S7422 A215-S7472 A215-S4697 (USA) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=62036 A215 S4757] || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; Ati X1200 with SB600 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{N/A}}|| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|SATA}}|| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio || &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{Yes| }}|| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL8101E}}|| &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; {{yes|Atheros 5000}}|| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2017 AspireOS 1.8 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Qosmio G30 (PQG31C-HD202E) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945 with Duo T2500 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Nouveau Nvidia Go 7600 2d and 3d}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit - 17&quot; UXGA 1920x1200, 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Tecra A10 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{Maybe|IDE mode}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{Maybe|Intel GMA 4500M (2D)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{Yes|HD Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{Yes|USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Intel PRO 1000}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel WiFi Link 5100}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;64 bit possible 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;L35 - L40 PSL48E - L45 S7423 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;GL960 with Intel Celeron || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|X3100 some 2D but software 3d tunnel 9 gearbox 4}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with ALC660 codec playback}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|REALTEK 8139}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Realtek 8187b replace with Atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1,73Ghz  M 520 or M 540 or Dual T2310 (1.46 GHz)  T2330 (1.6 GHz) - 14H 14N 15B 17H 17K 17R 17S 18Z - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite a300 - inventec potomac 10s pt10s A300D 21H || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;ATI Mobility Radeon HD 3650 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio - Realtek || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8102E || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros 5005 || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;satellite L300D-224 PSLC8E PSLC9E, l305 (inventec ps10s) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD M780 with Turion RM70 or QL-64 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{yes|IDE}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{yes|SATA}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{Maybe|use VESA for Radeon 3100}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|HD Audio with Realtek ALC268}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{yes|USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{no|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Atheros G XB63L or Intel or Realtek}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; Icaros Desktop Live 2.3 AROS One 2.3 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Wireless-handler crashing when using Atheros-Wireless-Card
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite P300 (PSPC0C-01D01C) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GM with Intel Core 2 Duo T5750 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|  codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| swap with Atheros 5k }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS One 64bit || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;satellite l300-1bw PSLBDE-005005AR, L300-148 PSLB0E, l300-20D PSLB8E-06Q007EN, l300-294 L300-23L PSLB9E || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel GM45 + PGA478 socket Celeron 900, Pentium T1600, T2390, T3400 (Socket P) to Core2 Duo T6400 T6670 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{unk|IDE}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{unk|SATA}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{Maybe|use VESA for Intel gma 4500M}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|HD Audio with Realtek ALC???}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{unk|USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{unk|rtl8169 Realtek 810xE}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel or Realtek}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64-bit  - new unfamiliar Bios called insyde H20 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;satellite l350d || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Athlon (tm) X2 QL-60 + RS780M || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon HD 3100 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with Realtek  || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Realtek 8187b || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite L450 12 13 14 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD Sempron, 2.1GHz with AMD RS780M || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon HD 3200 (based on HD 2400) || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Realtek 8172 || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit - 12X 13P 13X 14V PSLY6E00C006EN 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite Pro L450 (Compal LA-5821P) 179 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;intel celeron 900 2.20 Ghz no sse4.1 or avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;intel 4500m || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with  codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL8101 /2 /6E PCI Express Gigabit || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;RTL8191 SEvB || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit - 39.6cm (15.6”) Toshiba TruBrite® HD TFT 16:9 768p 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Toshiba Satellite P775, P775-S7320 and P775-10K || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel Core i5 (2nd Gen) 2430M i7-2630QM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2D for Intel}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 17.3&quot; - 1600 x 900 (HD+) - 2 DDR3 sodimm max 16Gb - 
|-
|&lt;!--Name--&gt;Toshiba Satellite C660D-19X || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD E-300 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Vesa 2D for ATi}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HD Audio with Realtek codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|r8169 rtl8101e}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek RTL8188 8192ce rtl8192ce}}  || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;L755D (E-350) L750D (E-450) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD E350 E450 no sse4.1 or avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon HD 6310 6320 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio conexant codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Realtek || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Satellite Pro SP C640 C660D-15X (PSC1YE) C670D- () || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD E350  no sse4.1 or avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;6310G || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Realtek ALC259 || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2  || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Broadcom || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;C70D-A C75D-A || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;E1-1200 no sse4.1 or avx || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|AMD HD8330}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HA Audio CX20751 11Z}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Atheros AR8162 alx}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek 8188e}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
|}

====Misc====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Time 500 Packard Bell EasyOne 1450 1550 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;K6-3 500Mhz + VIA MVP4 vt82c686a || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A|Issues}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Use VESA || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|VIA AC97 3058 with wolfson  codec WM9703 WM9704 WM9707 WM9708 or WM9717}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;via 3038 2 ports USB 1.1 untested || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;NB May 2013 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2001 32bit grub runs but stalls around [PCI] Everything OK 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Sony Vaio PCG FX201/FX202 FX210/FX215 FX401/FX402 FX404/FX405 972M, FX501/FX502 FX504/FX505 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;VIA KT133A KM133 Duron 800Mhz Athlon 1.3Ghz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{partial|boot issue with 2013 kernel VIA [rev 06]}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{partial|ATI Rage Mobility Pro (VESA only)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|VIA AC97 686b [rev 50] AD1881A Ear phone and Mic}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|issues}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|RTL 8139}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Nightly 1st March 2013 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;booting usb pendrive from Plop Boot Loader floppy (no bios USB boot). Can freeze coz hardware issue or a ram slot problem - no support for iLink firewire VT8363/8365 pci - vt82c686b 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Sony Vaio PCG FX601/FX602, FX604/FX605 FXA53(US), FX701/FX702, FX704/FX705, FX801/FX802 FX804/FX805 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;VIA KT133A KM133 Duron 800Mhz Athlon 1.3Ghz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{partial|boot issue with 2013 kernel VIA [rev 06]}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{partial|ATI Rage Mobility Pro (VESA only)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|VIA AC97 686b [rev 50] AD1881A Ear phone and Mic}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|issues}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|RTL 8139}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Nightly 1st March 2013 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;booting usb pendrive somes works
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Sony Vaio PCG FX100 R505LE || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel i815 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Use VESA Intel 82815 CGC || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel ICH AC97 with ADI AD1881A codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel e100 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PCG-FX105 FX105K PCG-FX108 FX108K PCG-FX109 FX109K FX200 FX203/FX203K FX205 FX205K FX209 FX209K FX220 [http://juljas.net/linux/vaiofx240/ FX240] FX250 FX270 FX290 FX301 FX302 FX340 FX370 FX390 FX403 FX503 FX950
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| Sony VAIO VGN X505VP || Pentium M ULV and Intel 855GM || {{yes}} || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|Intel 855 (VESA only)}} || {{yes|AC97}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|Intel PRO 100 VE}} || {{N/A}} || || 2004 32bit - 0.38 inches at its thinnest point - first laptop to feature a &quot;chiclet&quot; keyboard resemble Chiclets gum - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Sony Z505LE Z505JE || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P3 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;n/a || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Rage Mobility M1 AGP mach64 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;no Yamaha DS-XG PCI YMF744 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel 8255x based PCI e100 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;n/a || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Panasonic Toughbook CF-18 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Core || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|gma for i915}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|AC97 SigmaTel}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|usb2 }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL 8139C}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel swap for atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Deadwoods' D02 test || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Panasonic Toughbook CF-29 CF-30 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Core || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;use VESA || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 SigmaTel || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL 8139C || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI Microstar PR210 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA ATi RS690M}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio through speaker / head phones but not hdmi}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|Realtek 8111 8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros AR242x AR542x aw-ge780 mini pci-e || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit - ENE PCI based SD card with no bios boot option 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Advent 7106 EAA-88 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Pentium M 1.7GHz with 915GM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|2D and 3D tunnel 187 gearbox 67}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|AC97 Intel ICH6 with Conexant Cx20468 31 codec playback head phones only}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek 8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 2200BG Fn/F2 replaced with atheros mini pci in small base panel - startup errors in wireless manager}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2017 Icaros 2.1.1 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 32bit 14&quot; cheap rubbish sadly - fan noise through audio channel - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Motion Computing LE1600 PC Slate || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;915 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;915 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel AC97 SigmaTel STAC9758 9759  || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8169 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel PRO Wireless 2200BG || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 serial Wacom digitiser not usb
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Panasonic Toughbook CF-51 CF-P1 CF-T5 CF-Y2 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GMS || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GMA 950 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Broadcom || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Intel || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Sony Vaio VGN-AR11S || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;ntel Core Duo T2500 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes| Nvidia Go 7600}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Aros One 32bit || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit - 17&quot; 1920x1200 - blu-ray - 
|-
| Sony Vaio VGN SR29VN || Intel ICH9 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE legacy}} || {{partial|ATI HD 3400 (VESA only)}} || {{partial|HD Audio (too quiet)}} || {{yes|USB1.1 and USB2.0}} || {{no|Marvell 8040}} || {{no|Intel 5100}} || Icaros 1.5 || 2007 32bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Wyse XM Class DELL WYSE Xn0m LAPTOP || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD T-G56N 1.6 1.65Ghz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;decased 2.5in ssd || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2d only AMD 6320}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|EHCI 2.0 with NEC uPD720200 USB 3.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek rtl8169 8111E}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros 93xx}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 1366 x 768 14&quot; - 2 ddr3l slots max 16gb - 19v coax barrel plug psu - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Panasonic Toughpad FZ-G1 MK2 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Core i5-3437U, 1.9GHz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ToughPad FZ-G1 Mk3 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel Core i5-4310U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel HD 4400 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio Codec ALC255 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[https://wiki.recessim.com/view/Panasonic_Toughpad_FZ-G1_MK4 Panasonic Toughpad FZ-G1 MK4] || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;intel 6300U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 520 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio with ALC256 codec - o/c or s/c fails early || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 but options on the right hand side of screen case}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|intel ac 8260}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit - 10.1in 1600x1200 - 4gb ddr3l soldered - waterproof pen left hand side base - optional slot-in 4g lte and sdhc - 16v 4.06A 64.96W panasonic barrel - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Panasonic Toughpad FZ-G1 MK5 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;intel i5-7300U || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 620 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio ALC295 codec - o/c or s/c fails early || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 but optional usb2 plugin r.h.s. of screen casing}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 8gb ddr3l soldered - 10.1&quot; WUXGA 1920 x 1200 with LED backlighting  screen 2-800 nit - 10-point capacitive multi touch + Waterproof Digitizer pen l.h.s - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ToughPad FZ-M1 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel® Core TM m5-6Y57 vPro TM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel HD 4200 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio with ALC codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no| }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit - 7in 800p - 8gb ddr3l soldered - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Wireless || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Any Razor Razer laptops || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AVOID unable to remove secure boot 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


===Netbook=== 

[[#top|...to the top]]

* PC to write Aros image onto an USB pendrive with Raspberry PI writer, USB writer or Rufus for boot purposes on a netbook 
* SD card sometimes can boot like Dell 2100,  EeePC 1001P, ASUS EeePC 900, acer aspire one d150, MSI Wind U100, 


====Acer Packard Bell Netbooks====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Aspire One AOA110 (A110) (ZG5) || Intel 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA (2D and 3D) tunnel 99 and gearbox 84 score}} || {{Yes|HD Audio ALC6628}} || {{Yes|USB1.1 and USB2.0}} || {{Yes|rtl8169 RTL8101E}} || {{Yes|AR5006}} atheros 5k || 2016 AspireOS 1.8, 2025 Aros One 2.6 32bit USB || 2007 32bit 1 core - 19v barrel A13-045N2A 19V2.37A 45W 5.5x1.7mm - 
|-
| Aspire One AOA150 (A150) (ZG5) || Intel 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|ide mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 2D and accelerated 3D with tunnel 99 and gearbox 84.1 result}} || {{Yes|HD Audio ALC6628}} || {{Yes|uhci and ehci}} || {{Yes|rtl8169 RTL8101E}} || {{Yes|AR5006}} atheros 5k || 2016 AspireOS 1.8, 2025 aros one 2.6 32bit USB || 2007 32bit 1 core - 19v barrel - 
|-
| Aspire One AOD150 D150 (Compal LA-4781P), AOD110 D110 (ssd) || Intel 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|ide legacy}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{Yes|HDAudio with alc272}} || {{Yes|USB}} || {{No|Atheros AR8121 AR8113 AR8114 l1e}} || {{Maybe|AR5007EG AR5BXB63 works but Broadcom BCM4312 has no support}} || 2010 Icaros Desktop 1.3, 2024 Aros one 32bit USB || 2008 32bit 1 core - 19v barrel - 
|-
| Aspire One (ZG8) || Intel 945G and N270 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|ide mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 2D and accelerated 3D}} || {{maybe|HD Audio }} || {{Yes|uhci and ehci}} || {{No|Broadcom }} || {{no|Intel}} || 2014 AspireOS 1.8 || 2009 32bit - 
|-
| Aspire One AOD250 D250 emachines em250 || 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|ide legacy}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{Yes|alc272 HD Audio}}  || {{Yes}} || {{No|AR8132 (L1c)}} || {{No|BCM4312 or Atheros AR5B95}} || 2010 Icaros 1.3 || 2009 32bit 1 core - 19v barrel - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Aspire AO532H (Compal LA-5651p) 533H Pineview || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio playback}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|AR8132 (L1c)}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros 9k}} || [http://www.amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?mode=flat&amp;order=0&amp;item_id=5968 Tested AspireOS June 2011] || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;emachines eM350 NAV51 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; with N450 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 3150 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with   codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.2 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Single core 64bit - 160GB HDD 1GB RAM 10.1&quot; LED backlit screen and  Webcam - 3 cell li-ion battery for 3 hours usage - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;emachines eM355 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;  with N455 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;64bit support possible - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Aspire One 533 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N455 with NM10 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|2D 0x8086 0xa011}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes| ALC272 codec ich7}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Atheros AR8152 v1.1 1c}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom 4313}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 Icaros 2.1 and AROS One 2.3 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit - f2 setup - 10.1inch 1024 x 768 - 
|-
| Aspire One AOD255 AOD255e AOD260 AOHAPPY (Compal LA-6221P) || N570 and Nm10 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|SATA}} || {{Maybe|Intel GMA 3150}} || Audio || USB || {{No|Atheros AR8152 V1.1 (1lc)}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM4313}} || || a little support 
|-
| Aspire One 522 AO522 (Compal LA-7072p) || 1GHz dual C-50 C50 or C-60 C60 + Hudson M1 || {{N/A}} || SATA || AMD 6250 (ATI 9804) or 6290 || ATI SB CX20584 HD Audio || USB || Atheros 8152 v2.0 l1c || {{No|Broadcom BCM4313 or Atheros ath9k}} || ||
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;AAOD270 Aspire One D270 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N2600 Cedarview || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|2D on Intel GMA 3650}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|RTL 8169 RTL8101E}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM4313 but swap for Atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64bit atom - ddr2 so-dimm 2gb max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Aspire One AO532G (Compal LA-6091p) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Aspire One D257 (Quanta ZE6) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Acer Aspire One 722 AO722 P1VE6 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD C-60 C60 with SB900 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A| }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA Ati 6290}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with  codec but no Wrestler HDMI output}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Qualcomm Atheros AR8152 v2.0}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9485}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2017 Icaros 2.1.2 || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Aspire One AO721 (Wistron SJV10-NL) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;AO751 AO751H (Quanta ZA3) || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Packard Bell Dot .S || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N280 + || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|legacy}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA950 (2D)}}|| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio ALC272X || &lt;!--USB--&gt; USB2.0 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{no|Atheros l1e}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Atheros 9k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Packard Bell Dot .SE || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N450 + || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;legacy || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel GMA950 (2D) || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio ALC|| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2.0 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Packard Bell Dot .S2 NAV50 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N455 NM10 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel X3150 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio ALC269 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Atheros || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;Atheros || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Packard Bell Dot M/A || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;1.2GHz Athlon L110 + RS690E || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;legacy mode? || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD ATI Radeon Xpress X1270 (VESA only) || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio ATI SBx00 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E rtl8169 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====Asus Netbooks====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEeePC/Models eeePC] 700 701 2G 4G 8G Surf || Intel 910GML + ICH7 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 900 2D and 3D tunnel 68 gearbox 43 on 701 800x480}} || {{Yes|ALC662 HD Audio}} || {{Yes|UHCI and EHCI}} || {{No|Atheros L2}} || {{Yes|Atheros 5k AR5007EG (AR2425 works}} || 2016 Icaros 2.1.1, 2.1.2, Aros One 2.5 32bit USB, || 2007 32bit - power supplies fail due to bad caps issue 9.5V 2.5A 24W Charger AD59930 4.8*1.7MM - 
|-
| [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEeePC/Models eeePC] 701SD || Intel 910GML + ICH7 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Maybe|Intel GMA 900 (2D)}} || {{Yes|ALC662 HD Audio}} || {{Yes|UHCI and EHCI}} || {{No|Atheros L2}} || {{No|RTL8187SE swap with Atheros 5k}} || 2014 AspireOS 1.7,  || 2007 32bit - boot issues but does boot with ATA=32bit,nopoll or ATA=nodma,nopoll 
|-
| [http://wiki.debian.org/DebianEeePC/Models eeePC] 900 || Intel 910GML + ICH7 || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Maybe|Intel GMA 900 (2D, 3D in some models)}} || {{Yes|ALC662 HD Audio}} || {{Yes|UHCI and EHCI}} || {{No|Atheros L2}} || {{Maybe|depends on chipset AR5007EG (AR2425) works but not RaLink}} || 2014 AspireOS 1.7,  || 2008 32bit - boot issues but does boot with ATA=32bit,nopoll or ATA=nodma,nopoll. 900's may need BIOS upgrade to boot usb optical drives. 3D available in some model revisions - AD59230 9.5v 2.31a psu - 
|-
| eeePC 900A || 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (3D)}} || {{Yes|HD Audio ALC269}} || {{Yes|USB2.0}} || {{No|Atheros L1e [1969 1026]}} || {{Yes|Atheros 5k AR242x}} || Nightly Build 2012, 2023 Aros One 32bit 2.4 || 2009 32bit 
|-
| eeePC 901 1000 || 945GM || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{Yes|ALC269 HD Audio}} || {{Yes|USB}} || {{No|Atheros L1E (AR8121 AR8113 AR8114)}} || {{No|RaLink Device 2860 swap with Atheros 5k}} || 2011 Icaros 1.4,  || 2009 32bit -  12v 3a psu - 
|-
| eeePC Seashell 1000HA 1000HE 1008 1005HA || N280 + Intel GMA950 || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{Yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{Yes|HD Audio ALC269}} || {{Yes|USB}} || {{Maybe|Realtek but not Atheros AR8132 (L1c)}} || {{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || 2014 Aspire OS 1.6,  || 2010 32bit -  12v 3a psu - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;eeePC 1001ha || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;GMA945 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;legacy || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel GMA 950 (2D) || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC269 HD Audio || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Attansic Atheros AR8132 l1c}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|RaLink RT3090 swap with Atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2010 32bit  
|-
| eeePC 1001P T101MT 1005PX 1005PE 1015PE Pineview 1001PXD || NM10 and N450 N455 CPU || {{N/A}} || {{Maybe|IDE mode}} || {{Yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D)}} || {{Yes|HD Audio}} || {{Yes|USB 2.0}} || {{No|Atheros AR8132 (l1c)}} || {{unk|Atheros AR928x 802.11n}} || 2010 Icaros 1.3.3,  || 2011 64bit - 19V 2.1A 2.3x0.7 - 
|-
| EeePC 1015B 1215B || single C-30 C30 or dual C-50 C50 + Hudson M1 || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{partial|AMD 6250 (VESA only)}} || ATI SBx00 HD Audio || USB || {{No|AR8152 v2.0 atl1c}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM4313 [14e4 4727]}} || untested recently || 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Flare X101CH Cedarview || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N2600 + N10 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel GMA 6300 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Atheros l1c 2.0}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros 9k AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Flare 1025CE 1225CE || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N2800 + N10 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{dunno|Intel GMA 3600}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Atheros l1c 2.0}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros 9k AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====Dell Netbooks====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Inspiron 910 Mini 9 PP39S Vostro A90 || GMA945 || {{Maybe|STEC 8G 16G 32G IDE PATA Parallel ATA miniPCIE SSD 50MM / 70MM very slow}} || {{N/A| }} || {{yes|Intel GMA 2D and 3D opengl1}} || {{yes|ALC268 HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB2 boots and works}} || {{yes|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8102E}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4310 and 4312 swap with atheros 5k bx32}} || ICAROS 1.3 but Icaros 2.3 (pci issues), AROS One 2.6 and Tiny AROS (digiclock startup) mouse cursor vanishes || 2008 32bit - 9inch 1024x600 screen - 1 ddr2 sodimm slot max 2gig - 19v 1.58a - 0 boot disk select - cr2032 battery under laptop base cover, while mem 2GB max under base flap - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron Mini 10 1010 PP19S || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Atom Z520 Z530 Intel US15W Poulsbo || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Intel GMA 500 (VESA only)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HD Audio ALC269 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 RTL8102E}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Intel or BCM4312}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 32bit - 10.10 inch 16:9, 1366 x 768 glossy - 28whr or 56wHr battery options - 
|-
| [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupport/Machines/Netbooks#Dell%20Mini%2010v%20(Inspiron%201011) Mini 10v 1011] [http://wiki.debian.org/InstallingDebianOn/Dell/InspironMini10v ] || Intel 950 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|ide legacy mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}}  || {{maybe|HDAudio}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|RTL8102E 8103E}} || {{no|Dell 1397 Wireless}} || untested || 2008 32bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Inspiron Mini 1018 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel Atom N455 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{partial|IDE mode }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D, no VGA output)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{partial|HD Audio head phones only - speaker and micro phone do not work}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|RTL8188CE or AR928X}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2011 Icaros 1.5.1,  || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit - 1 DDR3 max 2gb - 
|-
| Latitude 2100 || Intel Atom N270 N280 1.60Ghz GMA 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{Yes|set to IDE in bios as ahci not working || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D and 3D with tunnel 98 and gearbox 84)}} || {{yes|HD Audio with ALC272 codec}} || {{yes|USB2.0}} || {{No|Broadcom BCM5764M}} || {{No|Intel 5100 or BCM4322 DW 1510 half height mini pcie use small Atheros 5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2016 AspireOS 1.8, Icaros 2.1.1 and AROS One USB 2.4 || 2009 32bit ddr2 sodimm max 2G - [https://sites.google.com/site/arosaspireone/about-aspire-one Webcam and card reader not working] lcd cable over hinge an issue - f12 bios and boot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Latitude 2110 2120 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N470 1.83Ghz, N455 1.6Ghz, N550 1.5Ghz || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|ATA mode in bios not ahci}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel 3150 2D only}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HD Audio with ALC269 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No| swap for Atheros}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2014 Icaros 2.3,  || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - ddr2 sodimm 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

====HP Compaq Netbooks====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| HP Mini 2133 || VIA C7-M P4M900 / 8237 VX700 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SATA}} || {{maybe|VIA Chrome 9 HC (VESA only)}} || {{no|VT1708/A HD Audio}} || USB || {{no|Broadcom Corp NetXtreme BCM5788}} || {{no|Broadcom Corp BCM4312}} || untested || 2008 32bit - 
|-
| HP mini 1000 Mi 2140 ks145ut || N270 + 945GM || {{N/A}} || SATA || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D and opengl1 3d)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio (playback tested)}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || {{no|Broadcom Corp BCM4312 hard blocked}} || untested || 2009 32Bit - unable to change wifi card 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Mini 700 702 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N270 + 945GSE || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio IDT 92HD75B (111d:7608, only playback tested)}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom hard locked}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 32bit - 
|-
| Compaq HP Mini 110 110-3112sa || 945GM Express || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{yes|HD Audio IDT STAC 92xx}} || {{yes|USB 2.0}} || {{no|Atheros}} || {{no|Broadcom hard blocked Fn+F12}} || untested || 2009 32bit - unable to change wifi 
|-
| HP Mini 200 210 || 945GM NM10 Express || {{N/A}} || SATA || Intel GMA 950 || {{Maybe|HDAudio with }} || USB || RTL8101E RTL8102E || {{no|Broadcom BCM4312 hard locked}} || untested || 2009 32bit - 
|-
| HP Mini 311 DM1 (Quanta FP7) || N280 + ION LE || {{N/A}} || SATA || nVidia Geforce ION || {{maybe|HDAudio with }} || USB || eth || {{No|hard locked}} || untested || 2009 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


====Lenovo Netbooks====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| IdeaPad S9 S9e(3G) S10 S10e(3G) || 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SATA}} || {{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{maybe|ALC269 or SigmaTel HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Broadcom NetLink BCM5906M}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4312 hard blocked}} || untested || 2009 32bit - 
|-
| IdeaPad S12 || Intel Atom N270 + Nvidia ION LE MCP79 || {{N/A}} || SATA || nVidia C79 ION [Quadro FX 470M] || {{maybe|ALC269 HD Audio}} || USB || {{no|Broadcom}} || {{no|Intel locked down}} || 2012 Icaros 2.0,  || 2009 32bit - does not boot - cause unknown 
|-
| S10-2 || 945GME and N280 CPU || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || {{maybe|ALC269 HD Audio}} || {{yes}} || {{yes|rtl8169}} || {{no|Broadcom BCM4312 hard blocked}} || 2011 Icaros 1.3,  || 2009 32bit - 
|-
| S10-3 || NM410 and N450 CPU || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D)}} || {{maybe|HD Audio ALC269}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|rtl8169}} || {{no|Atheros 9285 or Broadcom BCM4312 hard blocked}} || 2011 Icaros 1.3,  || 2009 32bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====Samsung Netbooks====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| [http://www.amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?post_id=616910&amp;topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 NC10] || 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SATA}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{partial|SigmaTel HD Audio (playback only)}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{maybe|rtl8169 works but not Marvell 88E8040 sky2}} || {{yes|AR5007EG}} || 2011 Icaros 1.4,  || 2009 32bit - Nano silver on keyboard and lcd ribbon cable over hinge issues 
|-
| [http://www.sammywiki.com/wiki/Samsung_NC20 NC20] || VIA VX800 || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{maybe|VIA Chrome9 (VESA only)}} || ALC272 GR (VT1708A) HD Audio || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || {{yes|Atheros AR5001}} || untested || 2009 32bit - 
|-
| NP-N110 NP-N120 || 945GSE || {{N/A}} || SATA || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{yes|ALC272 HD Audio or ALC6628}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || {{no|Realtek rtl8187}} || untested || 2009 32bit - Namuga 1.3M Webcam none
|-
| NP-N130 || 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{yes|SATA in IDE mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 2D and opengl 1.x 99.5 tunnel 99 gearbox}} || {{yes|Intel HD with ALC272 ALC269 codec playback}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{yes|RTL 8169.device - 8101e 8102e}} || {{no|rtl 8192se rtl8187 too small an area to swap for atheros 5k}} || untested || 2009 32bit - 10.x inch 1024 x 600 - Namuga 1.3M Webcam - front slide power on and f2 setup bios - keyboard 17.7mm Pitch is made with Silver Nano (Anti-Bacterial) tech - small touchpad - 1 ddr2 2rx16 sodimm slot 2G max - 44Wh
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Go NP-N310 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N270 + 945GME || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio ALC6628}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{yes|Atheros5k}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2010 32bit - N280 version changed specs 
|-
| NP-N510 || N270 euro N280 uk + ION MCP79 || {{N/A}} || SATA || nVidia C79 ION [Quadro FX 470M] || HD Audio || USB || Marvell 88E8040 || Realtek 8192E || untested || 2010 32bit - does not boot - cause unknown 
|-
| NP-N145 Plus || n450 + NM10 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D, no VGA output)}} || {{yes|Realtek HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB2.0}} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || {{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || untested || 2010 some support but often the trackpad does not work 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;NC110 Axx || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;NM10 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Sata || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with ALC269 codec A9M22Q2 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM4313 or Atheros}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit - 
|-
| NF210 Pineview || n455 or n550 + N10 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|SATA}} || {{maybe|Intel GMA 3150 (needs retesting, VESA works)}} || {{yes|HD Audio}} || {{yes|USB}} || {{no|Marvell 88E8040}} || Wireless || untested || 2011 64bit - some support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;NS310 NP-NS310-A03UK || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N570 with NM10 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|use Vesa 2d }} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes| ich7}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 realtek 810xe }} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|bcm4313 }} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2022 AROS One 2.3,  || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit Atom N570 or 1.5 GHz Intel Atom N550 dual core processor, 1 DDR3 sodimm slot memory, a 250GB hard drive, and a 10.1 inch, 1024 x 600 pixel 10.1&quot; W7St - 2300mAh short life - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Samsung_N150 N150] NB30 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;MN10 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No| }} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvell 88E8040}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9285 or Realtek 8192E}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 a little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://www.kruedewagen.de/wiki/index.php/Samsung_N220 N210 N220] N230 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N450 + NM10 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel GMA 3150 (2D)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio ALC269 || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvell}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit no sse4.1 or avx -  
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;NC110 Pxx Cedarview || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{dunno|Intel GMA 3600}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Intel 6000g}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit 
|-
|}


====Toshiba Netbooks====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;NB100 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GM || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|legacy}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC262 HD Audio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{yes|AR5001}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 32bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Mini NB200 series NB205 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N280 + GSE945 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|IDE legacy mode}}|| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC272 HD Audio || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{maybe|AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2009 32bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Mini 300 series NB305 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N455 with NM10 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;legacy || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel GMA 3150 (2D) || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC272 HD Audio || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|RTL8101E RTL8102E}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{maybe|AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2010 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Mini 500 series NB505 NB520 NB550-10v || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;legacy || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel GMA 3150 (2D) || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|RTL8101E RTL8102E}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|Realtek 8176 RTL 8188CE}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64bit - 
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Review-Toshiba-NB550D-AMD-Fusion-Netbook.46551.0.html Mini NB550D 10G] 108 (c30) 109 (c50) || C-50 + M1 || {{N/A}} || SATA || AMD 6250 (VESA only) || HD Audio || USB || {{maybe|rtl8169 Realtek 8111e}} || {{maybe|Atheros 9k}} || untested || 2011 64bit Realtek SD card reader 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====Misc Netbooks====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Cammy's A1600 || GME945 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe}} || {{yes|Intel GMA950 (2D)}} || {{yes|HD Audio playback}} || {{yes}} || {{no|JMC 250/260}} || Wireless || 2010 Icaros 1.2.4,  || 2009 32bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Fujitsu Siemens Amilo Mini Ui 3520 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel 945 || &lt;!--ACPI--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA (2D)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC269 HD Audio || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{yes|AR5001}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 32bit -  
|-
| Guillemot Hercules eCafe EC-900 H60G-IA], Mitac MiStation and Pioneer Computers Dreambook Light U11 IL1 || Intel 945GME || {{N/A}} || {{maybe}} || {{yes|Intel GMA950 (2D)}} || {{Yes|HD Audio (playback only)}} || {{yes|uhci and ehci}} || {{yes|rtl8169}} || {{no|RAlink RT2860}} || untested || 2009 32bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Hannspree Hannsnote SN10E2 24 48 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N450 + NM10  || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;IDE legacy mode || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Pineview Intel (2D) || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC HD Audio || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2.0 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Atheros l1c || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9285}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2009 32bit - 
|-
| MSI Wind U90/U100 || GME945 || {{N/A}} || {{maybe}} || {{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || {{partial|HD Audio ALC888s (playback only?)}} || {{yes|uhci 1.1 and ehci 2.0}} || {{yes|rtl8169}} || {{no|RaLink RT2860 RT2700E or rtl8187se (u100x)}} || 2011 Icaros 1.3,  || 2009 32bit - 
|-
| Advent 4211 || 945GSE || {{N/A}} || {{maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || Intel GMA950 (2D) || ALC HD Audio || USB || rtl8169 || {{no|Intel 3945 ABG}} || untested || 2009 32bit - MSI U100 clone
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Hannspree Hannsnote SN10E1 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N270 + GMA945 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|IDE legacy mode}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA 950 (2D)}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC HD Audio || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2.0 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|Realtek RTL8101E RTL8102E RTL8169}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{no|RaLink RT2860}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 32bit MSI U100 clone 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; Vaio VGN-P11Z
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{dunno}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{Partial|Intel (VESA only)}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{no|HD Audio}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{no|Marvell}}
| &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; {{unk|Atheros AR928X}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2012 Icaros 2.0.3
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 32bit Rarely boots!
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Sony VPC-W11S1E
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N280 with 945GSE
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|Intel GMA950 - hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with realtek codec
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;3 USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Atheros AR8132}}
| &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{unk|Atheros AR9285}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 32bit - 10.1&quot; 1366 x 768 glossy - 3hr battery life - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Archos 10 Netbook || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Atom with ICH7 NM10 945GSE || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{No }} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GMA 950 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with ALC662 codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8139 || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;untested || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 32bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI Wind U135 DX MS-N014 || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel N455 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|2D only accelerated}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|ALC662 rev 1}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|RTL}} || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt;{{No|Atheros AR 9K}}  || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;2015 Icaros 2.1,  || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 32bit - needs noacpi notls added to grub boot line to start up 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Wireless--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

===Desktop Systems===

[[#top|...to the top]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
| &lt;!--OK--&gt;{{Yes|'''Works well'''}} || &lt;!--May work--&gt;{{Maybe|'''Works a little'''}} || &lt;!--Not working--&gt;{{No|'''Does not work'''}} || &lt;!--Not applicable--&gt;{{N/A|'''N/A not applicable'''}}
|-
|}


====Acer====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Integrated Gfx
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Audio
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[https://www.acer.com/ac/en/ID/content/support-product/486;-; Veriton X270 VTX270] Intel Core 2 Duo ED7400C or Pentium dual-core UD7600C with 630i 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2d Nvidia 7100 VGA and HDMI connections}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|  with realtek codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|4 rear and 5 front}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe| nForce}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.3 dvd 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit capable but would not fully boot, DHCP address timeout too short and failed often. Put in a third party NIC, worked - 1 PCI Express x16 slot and a free PCI x1 slot - internal thin long psu with 12pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; Imedia S1710 with Intel Dual Core E5200
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{Yes|SATA/AHCI}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{Maybe|Native IDE}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{Yes|Nvidia nForce 7100}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{Yes|Nvidia MCP73}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{Yes|USB 2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{No|NVIDIA MCP73 Ethernet}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; Nightly Build 14-09-2023, AROS One 2.3
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2009 64-bit - Boot over USB not working on front - 2 DDR2 dual channel max 8GB - DEL for entering Bios - F12 for boot menu - Bus weird, could be reason for Ethernet issue 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Acer Revo AR1600, R1600 AR3600, R3600 Packard Bell iMax Mini, ACER Veriton N260G N270G slim nettop subcompact 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|Native IDE mode, '''when it works''' boots}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Nvidia ION GeForce 9300M - nouveau 3d - '''when it boots''' 400 fps in shell'ed gearbox, 278 in tunnel, 42 in teapot}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HD Audio with alc662 codec but nothing from HDMI audio}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|Nvidia USB boot usb2 stick issues and slower with usb3 drives}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|MCP79 nForce}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;ArosOne 32bit very often boot stuck around ehciInit, 64bit ...
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 Intel Atom 230 N280 - 20cm/8&quot; high 1 ltr noisy fan - DEL setup F12 boot options - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots max 4GB - 19v special barrel size 5.5mm/1.7mm psu - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots max 4GB - atheros 5k AR5BXB63 wifi - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Revo AR3610 R3610 3610 Atom 330 nettop subcompact dual core 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|Native IDE mode, '''when it works''' boots}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Nvidia ION GeForce 9400M LE MCP79MX 0x10de 0x087d - nouveau 3d - '''when it boots''' 400 fps in shell'ed gearbox, 278 in tunnel, 42 in teapot}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with Realtek alc662 rev1 alc662-hd later ALC885 codec but nothing from HDMI audio}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|Nvidia USB with 1% chance slow boot with usb2 sticks, more issues with usb3 drives}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|RTL8211CL MCP79 nForce 0x10de 0x0ab0}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS One 32bit 1.5, 1.6 and 2.4 usb around ehciInit or Kernel SATA, etc try ATA=off, and 64bit 1.2 USB boot often stuck at device 0x00000000b05228c8 interrrupt by using noacpi noiopica 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 20cm/8&quot; high 1 ltr noisy fan - non usb hub keyboard  - DEL bios setup, F12 BBS POPUP/drive boot - 2 ddr2 sodimm slots max 4GB - 19v barrel psu with smaller inner pin size 5.5mm/1.7mm - replace wifi RT3090 ver c (0x1814 0x3090) with atheros 5k - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Revo N281G
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|GMA 2d for GMA 3100}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio  codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2  
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek  
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX and SSE 4.1 Atom D425 - 19v 65w barrel psu thinner inner pin - 2 DDR3L single channel max 4GB - replace wifi RT3090 ver d with atheros 5k mini pci-e - 1lr or 1.5 ltr dvdrw case 209.89 mm, (D) 209.89 mm, (H) 35.35 mm - del enter bios 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;REVO AR3700 R3700 3700 - ACER Veriton N282G 
*one long beep with two short - bios damaged 
*looping one long two short - video card fault 
*two short beeps - CMOS damaged 
*got one long and one short beep - board error?
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE ready in Bios
* Known issue, boot into bios, set bios to UEFI and reboot, set bios back to defaults and reboot, blank display, repair with reflash of 8 pin Winbond W25Q socketed bios chip with ch341a using P01.B0L or P01.A4 renamed amiboot.rom}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Nvidia ION2 GT218 9400M class 0x10de 0x0a64 with vga fine but hdmi fussy over cable and display port used - 32bit nouveau 2d &amp; 3d gearbox 404 tunnel 292 teapot 48 - 64bit not detected}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HDA Intel with Realtek ALC662 rev1 codec 0x10ec 0x0662, head phones only but nothing from NVidia HDMI 0x10de 0x000b}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|Intel® NM10 Express (NM10 is basically an ICH7 with a die shrink and IDE removed) USB boots usb, installs usb, accesses ok}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|rtl8169 Realtek rtl8111g}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS one 32bit USB 1.5 and 1.6 and ArosOne 64bit usb 1.2 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 Atom D525 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 20cm/8&quot; high 1 ltr noisy fan - early 2 ddr2 sodimm slots but later 2 ddr3 sodimm slots 1Rx8 max 4GB - 19v barrel psu thinner pin - replace wifi RT3090 ver d with atheros 5k mini pci-e - cmos 3pin cr2032CL plastic wrapped - del bios f12 boot choice - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Revo 70 (RL70) with or without dvdrw 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;6320 or 6310 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio ALC662-VCO-GR codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2, 1.1 Hudson D1 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111E 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD E450 1.65GHz - 19v 65w barrel psu thinner inner pin - 2 DDR3L single channel max 4GB - replace wifi RT3090 ver d with atheros 5k mini pci-e - 1lr or 1.5 ltr dvdrw case 209.89 mm, (D) 209.89 mm, (H) 35.35 mm - del enter bios - 
|-
|}

====Asus====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Integrated Gfx
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Audio
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;EEEbox B202
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel GMA950  
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel Azalia HDaudio with Realtek ALC662 or ALC888-GR CODEC 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111 or JM250 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;internal 3 types of wifi chipset not supported 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====Dell====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Integrated Gfx
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Audio
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; Precision 340
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{n/a}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{n/a}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{yes|Intel AC97}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{yes|USB 1.1 (UHCI)}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{yes|3Com}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; Nightly Build 2014 09-27
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dimension 2400
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel 82845GL Brookdale G/GE (VESA 640x480 by 16)}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Unk|AC97 with ADI codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|UHCI EHCI}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Broadcom 440x 4401}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;[http://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?p=832495 Icaros 1.4]
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Graphics chipset is capable of higher resolution.
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dimension 4600
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{dunno}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|Intel AC97 (use rear black port)}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|UHCI/EHCI}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|Intel PRO/100}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 1.5.2
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; Optiplex 170L
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{yes|IDE}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{partial|IDE mode}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{no|Intel AC97}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{yes|Intel PRO/100}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; {{dunno}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; Optiplex GX260
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{yes|IDE}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{yes|Intel AC97}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{no|Intel PRO/1000}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; Nightly Build 2014 09-27
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Optiplex GX270
| {{yes|Working}}
| {{partial|IDE mode}}
| {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}}
| {{yes|Intel AC97}}
| {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| {{no|Intel PRO/1000}}
| Icaros 1.5.2
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Optiplex GX280
| {{yes|Working}}
| {{partial|IDE mode}}
| {{maybe|Intel GMA (only VESA tested)}}
| {{yes|Intel AC97}}
| {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| {{no|Broadcom}}
| Nightly Build 2014 09-27
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; Optiplex GX520
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{yes|IDE}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{partial|IDE mode}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{yes|Intel GMA}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{partial|Intel AC97 (no line-out)}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{no|Broadcom}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; {{dunno}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; Optiplex 745
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{partial|IDE mode}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{partial|Intel GMA (VESA only)}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{partial|HD Audio (no volume control)}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{partial|Only keyboard mouse (legacy mode)}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{no|Broadcom}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; {{dunno}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; Optiplex 755
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{partial|IDE mode}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{partial|Intel GMA (VESA only)}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{no|HD Audio}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{no|Intel Gigabit}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; Icaros 1.5.1
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Around 25 second delay in booting from USB 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; Optiplex 990
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{partial|non-RAID mode}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{partial|Intel HD (VESA only)}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HD Audio}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{yes|USB 2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{no|Intel Gigabit}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; Nightly Build 2014 09-27
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Optiplex 360
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|ordinary boot gives VGA mode only - VESA}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HD Audio (Analog Devices ID 194a)}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Aspire Xenon 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;poor support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dell Wyse Vx0 (V90 V30), Vx0L (V10L V90L), Vx0LE (V30LE V90LE) from VIA C7 800GHz to Eden 1.2GHz 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for S3 UniChrome Pro}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|AC97 VIA VT8233A with ?? codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|2 back and 1 front USB2}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|early models work but later VT6102-3 do not}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS One 2.2  
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 to 2009 32bit - 12V 4A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm - 1 sodimm DDR 333MHz SO-DIMM later DDR2 - early V90s do seem to have a reliability problem - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[https://www.poppedinmyhead.com/2021/01/wyse-cx0-thin-client-notes-experiences.html Dell Wyse Cx0] C00LE, C10LE, C30LE, C50LE, C90LE, C90LE7, C90LEW VIA C7 Eden 1GHz 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2d VX855 VX875 Chrome 9}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|some VIA VT8237A VT8251 HDA with ?? codec work}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|4 outside 2 inside USB2}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|VT6120 VT6121 VT6122 Gigabit}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.3 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 to 2013 32bit - [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=815.0 boots and works] - 12V 2.5A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm - 1 sodimm ddr2 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dell RxxL Rx0L Wyse thin client 
*R00L	Cloud PC of Wyse WSM 
*R10L	Wyse Thin OS 
*R50L	Suse Linux Enterprise 
*R90L	Win XP Embedded 
*R90LW  Win Embedded Standard 2009 
*R90L7  Win Embedded Standard 7 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;128Mb IDE or 1GB 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|SATA Hyperdisk}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 690E RS690M Radeon Xpress 1200 1250 1270
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 usb2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit AMD Sempron™ 210U SMG210UOAX3DVE 1.5GHz SB600, up to 4GB single slot 240-pin DDR2 DIMM, 19v barrel psu, DEL key bios - Late 2012 2 data sockets added but only CN18 be used with two white sockets (CN13 &amp; CN15) can used to power the SATA device &quot;4-pin Micro JST 1.25mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Optiplex 390 sff small form factor - mt mini tower desktop - dt full desktop
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|1 pci-e}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|HD Audio}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|realtek}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;aros one 1.6 usb 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit dual i3 2xxx - kettle iec plug psu cable - add nvidia gf218 gfx - error code 3 mobo or cpu - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Optiplex 3010 sff small form factor 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|1 pci-e}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|HD Audio}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom 57XX}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit dual i3 3xxx - kettle iec plug psu cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Optiplex 7010 sff small form factor 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|1 pci-e}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|HD Audio}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom or Intel 825xx}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit dual i3 3xxx Q77 - kettle iec plug psu cable - add pci-e ethernet and nvidia gf218 gfx - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dell Wyse 5010 thin client ThinOS D class (D10D D00D D00DX, Dx0D), PCoIP (D10DP) or D90D7, 5040 
*username: Administrator, admin, [blank] 
*password: Fireport, DellCCCvdi, rappot, Wyse#123, Administrator, administrator, r@p8p0r+
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE mode may need 30cm ext cable as small area for half-slim sata ssd - decased new ssd??}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2d 1400x1050 HD6250E IGP by using DVI to hdmi cable and 1 display port, no hdmi port}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HD 6.34 audio chipset detected but codec alc269 working from one case speaker -  none if v6.29 used}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|most 5010 have 4 USB 2.0 but D90Q7 has 2 USB3 instead}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8168 8169 - rev 1.?? 8111? - rev 1.91 8111E}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.3
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit no SSE4.1 or AVX slow AMD G-T44R 1.2Ghz later G-T48E 1.4Ghz Dual Bobcat Brazos BGA413 - Del for BIOS - p key to select boot with noacpi - single DDR3 sodimm slot max 4Gb, (8Gb hynix 2rx8 ddr3l)? (remove small board to upgrade) - passive no fan - 15cm/6&quot; small 1ltr case and lack of expansion options - PA16 19v barrel psu Coax 5.5mm/2.5mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dell Wyse 7010 DTS thin client (Z class Zx0D) 
*2011 Zx0 Z90D7 2GF/2GR
*2013 Z10D 
*2014 Z50D 2GF/2GR 
*2012 Cisco VXC 6000 CVXC-6215-K9 white 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|Bios set Sata mode to IDE mode and grub boot add 'noacpi' for half slim sata2 ssd or/with 50cm sata ext cable}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2d HD6310 HD6320 Terascale 2 through DVI and sometimes DP 1.1a - no hdmi port}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HD Audio 6.34 detected but ALC269VB codec works on the one case speaker only}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|2.0 works but NEC 720200 3.0 not working}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111e 8111F}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.3 and Aros One 32bit 1.5, 1.9 and 2.3 usb and 64bit 1.2 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 slow AMD G-t52R 1.5GHz later G-T56N 1.65 GHz Dual with A50M FCH - 20cm/8&quot; high 1.5ltr larger fanless black plastic case with metal ventilated box inside - 2 desktop DDR3L DIMM slots max 16GB - PA-16 19v external psu Coax 5.5mm/2.5mm - 2 40cm SMA female WiFi Antenna to IPEX IPX u.fl Ufl Cable pigtail needed - does not like uefi boot devices - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Wyse 7020 Thin Client 
* 2013 Quad-core AMD GX-420CA 2.0 GHz (25W) - 
* 2018 Zx0Q Quad-core AMD GX-415GA 1.5 GHz (15W) with Quad display 3dp and 1dvi 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 sata port 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2d only for AMD Radeon HD8400E radeonsi (dual display) or AMD Radeon HD 8330E IGP with AMD Radeon E6240 Seymour E6460 (quad display), no hdmi ports}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 x USB2.0 works but 2 USB3.0
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 quad eKabini Jaguar cores - two SODIMM sockets layered in centre of mobo DDR3L RAM - Coax 5.5mm/2.5mm ac psu 9mm plug is too short but 14mm length is fine - 15cm/6&quot; high smaller 1ltr case and lack of expansion options - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dell Wyse Dx0Q (5020) D90Q8 NJXG4 AMD G-Series 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 sata port 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;HD 8330E 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; with Realtek codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 x USB2.0 works but 2 USB3.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 Quad-core AMD GX-415GA 1.5 GHz - 2 layered near edge of mobo 204-pin DDR3L SODIMM (bottom one tricky to insert) - 19v Coax 5.5mm/2.5mm - passive no fan - 15cm/6&quot; high smaller 1ltr case and lack of expansion options 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dell Wyse 5060 N07D thin client 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE bios mode for sata2 port}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Vesa 2d - AMD R5E GCN2 IGP Sea Islands thru dp1 with an hdmi adapter no output thru dp2 - no hdmi dvi ports}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|HD Audio with Realtek ALC231 codec head phones only}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|4 x USB2.0 works but 2 USB3.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 realtek 8169 8111h}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS One 1.6 usb 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 quad GX-424CC 19.5v external psu - CN-0Y62H1 mobo with 2 layered ddr3l 16Gb max sodimm slots at edge of mobo, bottom 0 one blocking - passive no fan so quiet - 15cm/6&quot; high smaller 1ltr case and lack of expansion options - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====Fujitsu Siemens====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Integrated Gfx
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Audio
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Scenic [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/ProfessionalPC/Scenic/ScenicE/ScenicE.htm E600] (compact desktop)
| 
| 
| {{partial|VESA only}}
| {{yes|AC97}}
| 
| {{no|Intel PRO/1000}}
| {{dunno}}
| Nice small, silent PC with good AROS support.
|-
| Scenic T i845
| {{dunno}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{n/a}}
| {{dunno|Intel AC97}}
| {{dunno|UHCI}}
| {{dunno|Intel PRO/100}}
| Icaros 1.5.2
| AROS does not boot 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Futro S200 S210 S220 and later S300 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| compactflash CF card max ??}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] 315PRO PCI/AGP }}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|AC97 via }}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{unk|via uhci and ehci}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{unk|via VT6102 [Rhine-II] (rev 74) }}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 32bit - TR5670 Rev 1.4 mother with Transmeta TM5800 cpu - pci socket - single SODIMM socket for DDR memory PC2700S max 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Futro S400
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| but swap with compactflash CF card already with AROS installed}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA Silicon Integrated Systems [SiS] SiS741CX }}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|AC97 SiS7018}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{unk|sis uhci and ehci}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{unk|rtl8169 }}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 32bit - AMD Geode NX1500 1GHz gets hot - SiS 963L / SiS 741CX chipset - 12V 4.2A 4-pin (DP-003-R) psu - single SODIMM socket for DDR PC2700S max 1G - large case 246 x 48 x 177cms torx screws - pci socket - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;FUJITSU Futro S700 and S900 Thin Client (based on mini-ITX motherboard D3003-A12, D3003-C1 lesser variant of [https://www.parkytowers.me.uk/thin/Futro/s900/TechNotes_V3.1_Mini-ITX_D3003-S.pdf D3003-S]) 
*G-T56N 1.65GHz
*G-T40N 1.00GHz
*G-T44R 1.20GHz 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 sata data socket but mSata 18+8pins 1GB-16GB 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon HD 6320, HD 6250, HD 6290 dvi or displayport (DP runs higher) 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|two USB2 front sockets and four on the rear}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Realtek}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit AMD slow atom-like and fanless - 20V 2A psu 5.5mm/2.1mm coax (S900) - 2 DDR3L SODIMM sockets max 8GB tricky to run 1333 MHz on the Futro S900 - proprietary X2 PCI-e - 1 PCI socket but need a right-angle adaptor - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;esprimo p420 e85 desktop case 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|IDE mode}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 4600 or old Geforce in pci-e slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio realtek alc671 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 8111 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit - 2 ddr3 dimm slots - 16 pin special psu - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;esprimo E420 e85+ SFF case 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|IDE mode}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 4600 or low profile pci-e card 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio realtek alc671 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 8111G 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit - 2 ddr3 dimm slots - 16ish pin special psu - hd under front metal bracket, take front cover off first with 3 tabs - 3 slim pci-e slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Futro S520 AMD dual 1.0Ghz codenamed &quot;Steppe Eagle&quot;
* GX-210HA @ 1.0GHz
* GX-212ZC @ 1.2GHz
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;no sata - 4Gb or 16Gb flash memory soldered to the board
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD Radeon HD 8210E (GX210HA) or AMD Radeon R1E (GX212ZC)
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 rtl8111e 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - smaller than ITX 160mm x 160mm Fujitsu D3314-A11 - 19V 3.4A PSU standard 5.5mm/2.1mm coax plug - 1 ddr3 sodimm slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Fujitsu Futro S720 ThinClient D3313-B13 D3313-F
*2014 64bit AMD GX-217GA 1.65GHz VFY:S0720P8009FR VFY:S0720P8008DE VFY:S0720P4009GB
*2015 64bit AMD GX-222GC 2.20GHz VFY:S0720P702BDE VFY:S0720P702BFR 
 all begin VFY:S0720P and end two digit country code
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{N/A|}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{Yes|up to 2 Sata-cable-connector with space in casing so normal SSD/HDD over Sata was running very well on AHCI and IDE-Mode and 2242 mSata}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{Maybe|use VESA 2D for AMD Radeon HD 8280E IGP ( islands) or later R5E IGP ( islands)}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{yes|HDAudio ALC671 codec partially working, external audio speaker}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{yes|4 rear USB 2.0 but not front 2 USB 3.1}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8169}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS One USB 2.0
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 64bit supports AVX and SSE 4.1 - 1 ddr3 Sodimm slot max 8Gb - 19V-20V 2A 5.5mm/2.5mm coax - D3313-B13 stripped down Mini-ITX mobo D3313-S1/-S2/-S3 (eKabini) D3313-S4/-S5/-S6 - SATA data socket can be located under the fins of the cpu heatsink is fanless - mPCIe socket for wireless card - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Fujitsu FUTRO S920 D3313-E	D3313-G
*2016 AMD GX-222GC SOC 2.20GHz Dual 
*2017 AMD G-Series GX-415GA (1.50 GHz, Quad Core, 2 MB, AMD Radeon™ HD 8330E) 
*2017 AMD G-Series GX-424CC 2.40 GHz Quad
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{yes|2242 mSata and 1 Sata-cable-connector with space in casing so normal SSD/HDD over Sata possible}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{yes|use VESA 2D for Radeon R5E GCN2/3 IGP}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{yes|HDAudio ALC671 codec partially working}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{yes|4 rear USB 2.0, front 2 USB 3.1 downgradable to 2.0 in BIOS setting}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8169}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; AROS One USB 2.4
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 2 so dimm slot with max of 8 GB - 19v barrel psu 5.5mm 2.5mm - SATA data socket can be located under the fins of the heatsink - mPCIe a e keyed socket for wireless card - propetary X2 connector with official raizer to X1 connector - almost silent background noise, not affecting sound quality in any way 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Fujitsu Thin Client Futro S5011 S7011 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Vesa 2D for AMD Vega 3 on 2 dp 1.4}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio with ALC623 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 USB 3.2 Gen 2 front and 3 usb2 rear  }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - AMD Ryzen Dual Core R1305G or R1505G 1ltr case - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - TPM 2.0 - 19v 3.42amp round coax or usb-c 20c 3.25a external psu - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Fujitsu FUTRO S9011 Thin Client VFY:S9011THU1EIN || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Vesa 2D for AMD Vega 3 on 2 dp 1.4}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio with ALC623 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 USB 3.2 Gen 2 front and 3 usb2 rear }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit Ryzen Embedded R1606G - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - TPM 2.0 - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

====HP Compaq====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Integrated Gfx
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Audio
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq presario 7360
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes|Working}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|AC97 via}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|issues}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq EP Series 6400/10
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{yes|IDE}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{no|ISA}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{yes|USB 1.1}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; {{dunno}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq Evo D510
| {{yes|Working}}
| {{N/A}}
| {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}}
| {{yes|AC97}}
| {{yes|Working}}
| {{yes|Intel PRO/100}}
| Icaros 1.5
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq DX2000 MT
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Intel Extreme 2 (VESA only)}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|detects AC97 but no support for ADI AD1888 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|OHCI/EHCI }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel 82526EZ e1000}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; Icaros 1.51
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;boots ok but no audio 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Compaq DX 2200
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200] (VESA only)}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{dunno|HD Audio}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|OHCI/EHCI issues }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; {{dunno}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;issues 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; d230
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; {{yes|UDMA}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; {{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; {{partial|Intel Extreme (VESA only)}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{partial|Intel AC97 (speaker and headphones only, no line-out)}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt; {{yes|USB}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{Maybe|Broadcom BCM4401}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; Icaros 1.4.5
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Pavilion a220n || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|VESA 1024x768 on nVidia GF4 MX with 64MB shared video ram}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek ALC650 AC'97 comp.}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|USB 2.0}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek 8201BL 10/100 LAN}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS One 2.5|| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit athlon xp 2600+ Socket 462 / Socket A - 2 dimm ddr pc2700 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;t500 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|FX5200 (2D; 3D with older driver)}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|AC97 ICH4 ALC658D}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|UHCI/EHCI}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|RTL 8101L 8139}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Nightly Build 2012-09-22
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;DC7700
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|GMA 2D}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes| ICH8}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|82566DM e1000e}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Nightly Build 2013-??-??
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 Some support at low cost 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP dc 7600 CMT
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt; 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 950}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek ACL 260}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|USB 2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Intel PRO/1000 GT}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP t5000 thin client series t5500 t5510 t5515 PC538A or PC542A t5700 t5710 Transmeta Crusoe Code Morphing TM 5400 5600 800Mhz
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;128mb to 512MB 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Ati Radeon 7000M 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;VIA  with codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{No|Issues}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;VIA Rhine 2
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit - ddr max 1GB - F10 setup - all t51xx and some t55xx units will not include a SODIMM slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP t5000 thin client series CN700 
*HSTNC-002L-TC	t5135, t5530 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vesa 2d 128Mb Via S3 32-bit colour
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;VIA VT6102 VT6103 [Rhine-II] (rev 78) 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 32bit t5135 appears identical to the t5530 except the CPU VIA Esther 400 MHz - RAM 64Mb (? max) - 8 x USB2.0 - 12V 3.33A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP t5720, t5725 HSTNC-001L-TC 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VESA 2d SiS741GX 2048 x 1536 32-bit colour
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 SiS SiS7012 AC'97 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;6 x USB2.0
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;VIA VT6102 VT6103 [Rhine-II] (rev 8d)
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 32bit AMD Geode NX1500 1GHz socketed - RAM 512MB or 1GB, 256MB, 512MB or 1GB - 12V psu - sis DDMA support - custom 1.13 BIOS - pci low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;t5000 series VX800 HSTNC-004-TC t5145, t5540, t5545, t5630 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vesa 2d VIA Chrome9 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio VIA 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|VT6120 VT6121 VT6122 Gigabit (rev 82)}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 32bit   - RAM 64Mb (? max) - 8 x USB2.0 - 12V 4.16A Coax: 5.5mm/2.1mm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;t5730w HSTNC-003-TC t5730 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{n/a|ATA 44pin DOM Flash}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vesa 2d ATI Radeon X1250 2048 x 1536 no 3D 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio with  codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|6 x USB2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom 5707M tg3 10/100/1000}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 64bit AMD Sempron 2100+ 1GHz - 1 slot of ddr2 sodimm (Max 2GB) - 12V 4.16A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm - F10  enter bios F12 boot devices - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HSTNC-005-TC gt7720, gt7725 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vesa 2d AMD RS780G HD 3200 - 2560 x 1600 DVI-D &amp; DVI-H
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;8 x USB2.0
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM5787M}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit AMD Turion Dual Core CPU 2.3GHz - 1 DDR2 200-pin SODIMM - 19V 4.16A Coax 7.4mm/5.0mm (gt7725) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP t5740 Thin Client HSTNC-006-TC t5740, t5745, st5742 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA for Intel CL40 VGA and DisplayPort connectors}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD audio with IDT codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM57780 Gigabit}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Nightly build and Icaros 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 32bit Atom N280 - F10 on power up to get into the BIOS screens. F12 brings up the boot options - hp 19V one with a coax connector, outer diameter 4.8mm with inner to be 1.7mm to 1.4mm - 2 ddr3 sodimm slots max 3gb due to 32bit - 1 pci-e slot completely non standard - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;t5000 series HSTNC-012-TC VIA Nano u3500 VX900 
*t5550 512MB/1GB Windows CE6 R3
*t5565 1GB/1GB HP ThinPro
*t5570 2GB/1GB WES 2009 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vesa 2d VIA ChromotionHD 2.0 GPU Chrome9 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;VIA 9170 VT1708S codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM57780 Gigabit}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;32bit - 1 sodimm - 19V 3.42A supply connector standard yellow-tip coax plug 4.8mm/1.8mm &quot;Standard HP Compaq DC Power Plug 4.8mm x 1.5mm / 1.7mm Yellow Tip Connector - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP t510 Via Eden X2 U4200 HSTNC-012-TC shares features with t5570e, t5565z 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;2G ATA Flash DOM
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;one 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2d for Chrome9 VIA ChromotionHD 2.0 gfx}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|VIA VT8237A VT8251 HDA with  codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|6 USB2 }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom Corporation NetLink BCM57780 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 32bit - one slot ddr3 sodimm max 4GB - 19V 3.42A Coax 4.8mm/1.8mm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP T610 Thin Client and thicker PLUS version AMD G-T56N A55E 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon 6320 1 dp port 1 dvi 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with ALC codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;two USB2 on the front, two USB2 and two USB 3 ports on the rear 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM57780}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 64bit does not support AVX SSE 4.1 - 2 204-pin DDR3 1600MHz SODIMMs PC3-12800 under motherboard via removable panel - 19.5V 3A Coax male 7.4mm/5.0mm + centre pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP T420 Thin Client 
*AMD Embedded G-Series GX-209JA SOC (1 GHz, 2 cores) 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon 8180 dvi vga 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with ALC codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 front 2 rear USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 64bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - soldered in place 2GB DDR3 - smaller than usual 19.5V 2.31A Coax male 4.5mm/3.0mm + centre pin - usb stick internal for storage - E15 BBR - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP t520 TPC-W016 
*AMD GX-212JC 1.2Ghz (2 core)
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 m.2 mounting holes for 2242 and 2260 SSDs SATA (not NVME) 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon R2E GCN2 IGP Sea Islands
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with ALC codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 USB3 front, 4 USB2 back 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 2017 64 bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - 1 204-pin DDR3 SODIMM - 19.5V 3.33A 7.4mm Coax with central pin 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP t620 TPC-I004-TC  
*AMD G-Series GX-217GA 2 core APU 1.65GHz (65W)
*AMD GX-415GA (65W)
and t620 PLUS (PRO wider version) TPC-I020-TC
*AMD GX-420CA SOC (Plus 85W)
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|single M.2 2280 socket sata3, mSATA socket removed end of 2014}} 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Vesa 2d for Radeon HD 8280E graphics 8330E  Islands GCN2 IGP - 2 dp ports no dvi}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HDAudio with Realtek ALC221 codec 0x10EC 0x0221}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{unk|4 front, 2 back, 1 inside limited space}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek 8169}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Aros One 32bit 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 64bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - 2 DDR3L SODIMMs side by side - mSATA ssd and M.2 SSD are M1.6 screws, M2.0 screws used on most SSDs - 19.5V 3.33A Coax male 7.4mm 5mm with centre pin - changed the network card to a Atheros 5000 compatible - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP T530 
*AMD GX-215JJ (2 core) 1.5GHz
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 m.2 sata ssd up to 2280 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon R2E
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with ALC codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;1 USB3.1, 1 usb-c front, 4 USB2 back 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 64 bit does support AVX SSE 4.1 - 1 204-pin DDR4 SODIMM - 19.5V 2.31A Coax male 4.5mm/3.0mm with centre pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP T730 Wider &quot;Thin&quot; Client TPC-I018-TC Pixar RX-427BB (2c4t) - no display and fans blowing full speed caused by '''disabling internal gpu in bios''' flash L43_0116.bin onto smc MX25L6473F (3.3V 8-PIN SOP (200mil) SPI 25xx) ([https://www.badcaps.net/forum/troubleshooting-hardware-devices-and-electronics-theory/troubleshooting-desktop-motherboards-graphics-cards-and-pc-peripherals/bios-schematic-requests/96303-hp-t730-password-locked-bios in the rom rcvry socket under a delicate thin narrow surface flap]) with ch341a alike switchable from 5v, 3.3v to 1.8v 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{partial|Storage bios option to IDE and not AHCI to prevent constant install error messages to DH0: - add noacpi to end of grub boot line - 1 M.2 SATA slot (Key B+M) up to 2280 with T8 torx secure stub}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|use VESA for non-vulkan Radeon R7 GCN 2 UVD4.2 Sea Islands with 4 dp outs '''but too easy bricking''' if swapping with 1 PCIe 3.0 x8 slot 30W slim factor low profile 8400gs gt210 nvs295 nvs310 gt1030}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HDaudio 6.34 realtek alc221 codec thru case speaker only}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|'''Works''' for 4 USB2 in the back with 2 in the front, 2 USB3.0 ports on front and 1 more internal (not bootable)}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111HSH-CG set up first in Prefs/Network}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;boots with AROS One 32bit and 64bit USB with added noacpi added to grub boot line - press e - Latest distros can select grub boot options with Aros One 64bit USB and Aros One USB 2.8 but system seems to freeze after choice 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - 2 DDR3L sodimm stacked slots max 32GB - '''Larger''' 20cm/8&quot; high 3.5ltr case noisy fan - TPM2 - esc/F9 boot selector F10 enter bios - 2 serial and 1 parallel old ports - Key E Wireless - PCIe slot (x16 physical, x8 electrical) - 19.5V 4.36A 85w TPC-LA561 HP 7.4mm black-ring-tip power plug, red flashing power button, wrong psu or bad MotherBoard MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP t630 Thin Client TPC-I020-TC 
*AMD Embedded G-Series SoC GX-420GI quad core 2Ghz
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|ahci.device mbr msdos partiton table for 2 Sata M.2, sata0 up to 2280 (1tb max), sata1 2242 (64gb max), both T8 torx secure stubs}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|use VESA for Radeon AMD Wani R7E with 2 displayport 1.2 sockets, use one nearest to power jack - no dvi / hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HDAudio 6.36 0x1022, 0x157a and ALC255 aka ALC3234 codec 0x10ec, 0x0255, pins 0x17 as LFE and 0x1b as int speaker but not ahi 6.34}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|USB2 2 front and 2 rear, 2 front USB3 and 1 inside}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek 8169 8111H}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;AROS One USB 2.2, 2.8 and 64bit USB 1.0, 1.2 with noacpi added to the end of the grub bootline (press e) 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit supports AVX SSE 4.1 - 2 DDR4 SODIMMs side by side speed 1866Mhz limit - 19.5V 3.33A 65W TPC-BA54 Coax male 7.4mm with centre pin - can be easily bricked, might reflash bios with M40 SP149736 - 20cm/8&quot; high 1.5ltr larger fanless case - esc f1 f9 f10 - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Compaq Elite 7200 7300 8200 8300 SFF with kettle IEC psu cable 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|IDE ata legacy only in BIOS}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;i pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|8200 works}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel or Broadcom}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;icaros 2.3 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 64bit dual core - add pci-e rtl8169 ethernet card and pci-e gf210 nvidia low height - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP Compaq Pro 6305 Small Form Factor SFF AMD A75 chipset (FCH 6 SATA 6 Gb/s, 4 USB 3.0)
*AMD Quad A10-5800B
*AMD A8-5500B
*AMD Dual A6-5400B
*AMD A4-5300B
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon 7000 Terascale iGPU series Radeon HD 7660D, Radeon HD 7560D, Radeon HD 7540D, Radeon HD 7480D 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD ALC221 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom 5761}} 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Elitedesk 705 G1 - SFF
*AMD A10-8850B, Quad-Core A10 PRO-7850B, A10-8750B
*AMD A10-7800B, A10 PRO-6800B, A8-7600B
*AMD A8-8650B, A6-8550B
*AMD A6-8350B, Dual A6 PRO 7400B, A4-7300B
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D with Radeon R7 or 8000}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HD audio with Realtek ALC221 codec}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom or Intel}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 64bit - T15 security torx psu with 6pin PWR 200W connector - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP EliteDesk 705 G2, 705 G3 Mini PC USFF thin client 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2.5in and m.2 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon R7 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom BCM5762 GbE}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 64bit AM4 socket with 35W TDP A10-8770E (4c), AMD PRO A6-8570E (2c), AMD Pro A6-9500E, or AMD PRO A10-9700E on AMD B300 FCH - ddr4 sodimm slots - 77 x 175 x 34mm (6.97 x 6.89 x 1.34in) 1L and about 3lbs - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP EliteDesk 705 G4 Mini 1ltr USFF AMD Ryzen 3 2200G (4c t) or 5 2400G (4c t)
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A|}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|Nvme 2280 and 2.5in sata}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 8 thru DP1.2 port 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD Audio Conexant  codec}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 usb3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 realtek 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit Am4 socket - 2 sodimm 16GB max - 19.5v hp socket ext psu - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Elitedesk 705 G4 35w, HP Prodesk 405 G4 35W USFF - baseboard 83e9 35W - AMD Athlon PRO 200GE (2c 4t), 2200GE (4c t) or 2400GE (4c t) on AMD B350 FCH 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|Nvme 2280 and older models 2.5in sata}} 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 3, 8 or 11 with 2 dp1.2 ports 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HDAudio with Conexant CX20632 codec}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111EPH 1Gbe or Realtek RTL8111F 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 64bit - realtek wifi 8821 or 8822 - up to 1 ddr4 dimm slots - hp barrel external ac - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Elitedesk 705 G5, HP Elitedesk 806 G6, Prodesk 405 G6 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2x NVMe or 1x SATA + 1x NVMe, but not all three drives at the same time without serious modding of hd caddie || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega with DP1.4 port || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|HDAudio with Realtek ALC3205 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|Realtek}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - 3400GE Ryzen 5 PRO 3350GE (4c 8t), Ryzen 3 PRO 3200GE 3150GE (4c 4t), AMD Athlon Silver PRO 3125GE (2c 4t) on AMD PRO 565 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP t540 1ddr4 slot, t640 2 DDR4 SDRAM sodimm SO-DIMM 260-pin non-ECC max 32gb thin client USFF 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 NVM Express (NVMe) 2230 or 2280 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 3 VGA, DisplayPort 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with  codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 USB3 gen1 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 Realtek Realtek RTL8111HSH or RTL8111E PH-CG 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit ryzen r1000 series Ryzen Embedded R1305G 1.5 GHz, R1505G dual (2c 4t) 2.0Ghz or R1606G ?.?Ghz (2c4t) - Realtek RTL8852AE wifi - 45W psu Coax male 4.5mm/3.0mm + centre pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP t740 SFF Thin Client 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 M.2, one is sata and other nvme  
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 8 DisplayPort or + optional pci-e 30W Radeon E9173
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with  codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8111E PH-CG 1Gbe
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - Ryzen Embedded V1756B 3.25Ghz quad - 90W 19.5V 4.62A psu Coax male 4.5mm/3.0mm + centre pin - sodimm DDR4 max 64Gb - slightly noisy fan - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;HP EliteDesk 805 G6 Mini 4750GE (8t 16t), Prodesk 405 G6 Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE (6c 12t) or Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE (4c 8t) on AMD PRO 565
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2.5in carrier and 2 slots m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 8 with DP1.4 and HDMI flex io2 output options 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with Realtek ALC3205 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 usb a - gen 2 10gig and gen 1 5gig ports 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit AMD Ryzen 4000 SBC unlocked - 2 sodimm ddr4 slots - wifi6 - 90W ac - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

====Lenovo====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Integrated Gfx
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Audio
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Lenovo Nettop IdeaCentre Q150 (40812HU) 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;ION2 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; realtek codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;intel 10/100
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit D510 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;M625q Tiny (1L)
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;M.2 Sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Stoney Radeon R2, R3 or R4 and later R5 with 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio with  ALC233-VB2-CG codec 0x10EC 0x0233 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{No|3 usb3.1 Gen 1 and 3 usb2}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 RTL8111  
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit all dual cores - e2-9000e or a4-9120e later A9-9420e - heatsink covers 70% area covers wifi - 65w or 135w lenovo rectangle ac - 1 ddr4 2666MHz slot max 8gb - tpm 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;M715q Gen 1 AMD A6 A8 A10-9700E 9770E (2c2t) 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;m.2 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;R4 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;M715q Gen 2 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400GE 4C 8T 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;m.2
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 11 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio  with codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1GbE 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - f1 enter setup, esc device boot - fixed 1.8v ch341a needed to reflash 1.8v bios if no boot SOP8 DIP8 Winbond W25Q64, MXIC MX25U1635, MX25U6435 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkCenter M75n nano Ryzen3 3300U 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkCentre M75q M75q-1 Tiny 1ltr TMM 
*AMD Ryzen 5 PRO Quad 3500 Pro 3400GE (4c 8t) 11a5 soe400
*AMD 3200GE (2c 4t) zen1+ 11a4 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A|}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|NVMe 2280 1Tb max - untested 2.5inch}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 11 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio Realtek ALC222-CG codec ALC3287 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;3 USB3 Gen 1 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 Realtek 8169 8111
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit - 65w 20v 3.25A to 135W rectangle psu - 2 sodimm ddr4 sodimm max 32GB locked 2666MHz - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ThinkCentre Ryzen 7 PRO Tiny 1ltr Gen 2 AMD 4000 series 
*AMD 4650GE (6c12t) 4750GE (8c16t) 4350G (4c8t) Zen2 - 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A|}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|NVme}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 8
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio  codec
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8169 8111
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit vendor locked - 20v psu - 2 sodimm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkcenter M75q-2 Gen2 refresh 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;m.2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon Vega 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1GigE 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit 5650GE (6c12t) 5750GE (8c16t) - vendor/PSB can lock your AMD CPU - f12 boot devices
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Thinkcentre M75q Tiny Gen5 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon 780M dp1.4a or hdmi 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with  codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 usb-c 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1GBe port
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2024 Ryzen PRO 7 8700GE - 90W yellow rectangle connector psu - 2 DDR5 sodimm slots max 128Gb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


====Misc====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Integrated Gfx
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Audio
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Impart impact Media Group IQ Box mini Digital Signage with MB896 mini itx 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GMA 915 gme 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; via audio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 32bit - 1 ddr2 slot - pentium m 1.73GHz - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[https://everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac_mini_cd_1.83-specs.html Apple A1176 Intel MacMini1,1] 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{unk|gpt/efi }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|gma950 2d and 3d}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio with ICH7 [https://answers.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+question/186749 Sigmatel Stac 9221] [https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/msm/+/android-wear-5.1.1_r0.6/sound/pci/hda/patch_sigmatel.c codec][https://alsa-devel.alsa-project.narkive.com/Yt20W6cE/sigmatel-stac9221-mux-amp-out-0x02-microphone-not-working mic]}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|USB2}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvell}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit possible 1.83 GHz Intel “Core Duo” (T2400) - swap pci-e wifi for atheros 5k AR5007EG - maybe hack with a 2,1 firmware - max 4GB Ram ddr2 sodimms - external apple psu - dvd boot only with c key - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[https://everymac.com/systems/apple/mac_mini/specs/mac-mini-core-2-duo-1.83-specs.html Apple A1176 Intel Mac Mini2,1] 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{unk|gpt/efi }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|gma950 2d and 3d}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio with ICH7 Sigmatel Stac 9221 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|USB2}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvell}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Aros One 2.0/ Icaros 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 64bit - swap pci-e wifi for atheros 5k AR5007EG - hacked with a 2,1 firmware and replaced the cpu for T7600 2.33 Ghz C2D and max 4GB Ram ddr2 sodimms - external apple psu - dvd boot only via c key 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Apple iMac 5,1 &quot;Core 2 Duo&quot; 1.83GHz 17&quot; T5600 MA710LL || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GMA 950 with 64Mb || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio idt codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt;3 USB2 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 64bit - 2 ddr2 667MHz sodimm slots - 17.0&quot; TFT widescreen 1440x900 - polycarbonate 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Apple iMac 6,1 &quot;Core 2 Duo&quot; 2.16 2.33 24&quot; only T7400 T7600 aka MA456LL/A A1200 (EMC 2111) || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Nvidia 7300GT with 128 MB of GDDR3 SDRAM PCI Express or GeForce 7600GT with 256Mb mini dvi, vga || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio || &lt;!--USB--&gt;3 USB2 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 64bit - 2 ddr2 667MHz sodimm slots - 24.0&quot; TFT widescreen 1920 x 1200 - polycarbonate plastic case iMacs of this generation are the most difficult iMacs to service due to their front bezel design 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Neoware CA2 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;flash DOM 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;S3 Inc ProSavage PM133 (rev 02) vga 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;VIA VT82C686 AC97 Audio
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8139 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2003 32bit - VIA Ezra 800MHz - 2 PC100 sodimm slots - riser board carries an ISA slot and a PCI slot - external 12V power supply.with 4 pins - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Neoware CA5 Capio One 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;44pin Disk On Module DOM 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;SiS550 vga 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 with SiS7019 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB1.1 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8139 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004 32bit - internal power supply with mains lead has a &quot;clover leaf&quot; style - 2 144-pin PC100 or PC133 SODIMM might have 24MB of RAM soldered - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Neoware CA10 
*E140 model BL-XX-XX (800MHz CPU) later 
*E100 model BK-XX-XX (1GHz CPU)
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VIA VT8623 (Apollo CLE266) vga 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 with 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;VIA VT6102/VT6103 [Rhine-II] (rev 74) 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2004/5 32bit - 12v 5.5mm/2.1mm - 2 184-pin DDR DIMM - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;VXL Itona thin client 
*TC3200, 
*TC3x41 (P3VB-VXL) TC3541 TC3641 TC3841, 
*TC3xx1 (6VLE-VXL0) TC3931, 
*TC43xx (Gigabyte C7V7VX) TC4321 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VIA vga 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC'97 Audio with VIA VT 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;VIA USB 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8100B 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2005 2006 32bit VIA Samuel 2, VIA C3 Nehamiah CPU, 1 DIMM slot, internal psu, 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Neoware Capio C50, model CA15 Thin Clients] 
*Login Administrator Password Administrator
*Login User Password User 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 flash Disk On Module
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VIA VT8623 (Apollo CLE266) vga 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 with via codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;VIA 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2006 32bit VIA Eden (Samuel II core) CPU - 1 ddr sodimm slot max 512mb - slot - internal psu clover leaf - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://etoy.spritesmind.net/neowareca21.html Neoware CA21 Thin Clients] Igel 3210 (and maybe the Clientron G270) 
*Login Administrator Password Administrator
*Login User Password User 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 flash Disk On Module DOM 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VIA CN700 vga 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 with via codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;VIA 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 32bit VIA C3 Nehemiah instead of Ezra-T - made 2 version of the CA 21, one with an Award bios and one with a Phoenix bios - 1 ddr2 sodimm slot max 1gb - VT6656 wireless - slot - internal psu iec - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Neoware CA22 (e140), part number DD-L2-GE with BCOM WinNET P680 (V4) as the Igel 4210LX (Igel 5/4) 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 VIA VT82C586A/B VT82C686/A/B VT823x/A/C PIPC Bus Master IDE (rev 06)
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VIA CN700 P4M800 Pro CE VN800 Graphics [S3 UniChrome Pro] (rev 01) vga
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 with codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 VIA VT8237R Plus
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;VIA VT6102/VT6103 [Rhine-II] (rev 78)
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 32bit - VIA Esther to later C7 1GHz - 1 ddr2 sodimm slots max 512mb - +12V DC/4.16A/50W 5.5mm/2.1mm coaxial - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;10Zig RBT402, Clientron U700, 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes|44 pin header very little room}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A|}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Partial|VESA dvi}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|AC97 with  codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{unk|VIA }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 32bit - very small cases with very limited expansion - 1 sodimm 2GB max - 12v 3a psu - Password Fireport 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dell Optiplex FX170 D05U thin client, 10Zig 56xx range 5602, 5616v, 5617v, 5672v, Clientron U800, Devon IT TC5, 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes|44 pin header very little room}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A|}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{partial|GMA 950 dvi}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with  codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Broadcom}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Icaros 2.3 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 32bit - very small cases with very limited expansion - 1 ddr2 sodimm 2GB max - 12v 3a psu - Password Fireport - ps2 keyboard socket - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;10Zig RBT-616V or Chip PC Technologies EX-PC (model number XPD4741)
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{unk|44 pin header very little room}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A|}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|GMA 950}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HD Audio with  codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{unk|rtl8169}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 32bit N270 on NM10 with ICH7 - very small cases with very limited expansion - 1 sodimm 2GB max - 12v 4a psu - Password Fireport 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte Brix GS-A21S-RH (rev. 1.0) SFF 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|X3100}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD Audio with ALC883-GR codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;Intel USB
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel 82566DC}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;ICAROS 2.3 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 64bit Intel GME965 chipset with Intel ICH8M - 2 DDR2 Dimm slots - GA-6KIEH2-RH Rev.1.x mini ITX Case 213mm(D) x 64mm(W) x 234mm(H) - custom psu - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;VXL Itona MD+24 MD27 MD54 MD64 MD76 thin client 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;VIA Chrome 9 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with VIA VT 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;VIA
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;VIA 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 32bit VIA X2 U4200 - 12v-19v barrel psu - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Acer Revo 100 RL100 AMD Athlon II X2 K325 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;NVIDIA® ION™ 9300m || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with ALC662 codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 1 front 2 back || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;NVIDIA nForce 10/100/1000 || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 64bit but no AVX - 4Gb DDR3 sodimm - 500 GB - 19v 3.42a 65W - dvd but later BD drive - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asrock ION 330 330Pro HT-BD, Foxconn NT-330i, Zotac ION F (IONITX mini itx), 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|ION geforce 9400}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|Nvidia USB}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Nvidia }}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 32bit slow atom cpu - 2.5L 8&quot; by 8&quot; plastic case - 2 ddr2 sodimm max 4G - external 19v 65W 3.42A Plug 5.5mm X 2.5mm  - little whiny fan - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Zotac ZBOXHD-ND01 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;ION1
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;NVidia
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 32bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Zotac ZBOX HD-ID11
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;ION2
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio with ALC888 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 rtl8111D 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ZOTAC ZBOX Blu-ray 3D ID36 Plus 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;ION2
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 USB3
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;GbE 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Shuttle XS35GT || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;ION || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio IDT92HD81 || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|JMC261}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit - Atom™ D510 NM10 - DDR2 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Shuttle XS35GT V2 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;ION2 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio IDT92HD81 || &lt;!--USB--&gt;Intel || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|JMC251}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit Atom™ D525 NM10 chipset - DDR3 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Sapphire Edge-HD || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;ION2 GT218 with vga and hdmi || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio realtek codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Unk|Realtek}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit - Atom™ D510 NM10 - DDR2 65 W AC, DC 19V~3.42A, 19.3L x 14.8w x 2.2H cm (1l), weight 530g, 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Sapphire Edge-HD2 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|IDE mode}} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|nouveau ION2 GT218 with vga and hdmi 2d and 3d}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HDAudio}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|Intel USB2}} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit Atom™ D525 NM10 chipset - DDR3 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;AOPEN Digital Engine DE67-HA(I) 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe| Vesa 2d for Intel HD}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|HDAudio for ALC662 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|usb3}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel WG82579LM}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[https://www.jetwaycomputer.com/JBC600C99352W.html Jetway JBC600C99352W] 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;ION2 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|C-Media CM108AH}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111DL 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 64bit D525 - DDR3 - 12v psu 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Foxconn nT-A3550 A3500 AMD A45 Chipset DDR3 Nettop Barebones - White
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 slot 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD Radeon HD6310 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB2 back and 2 USB3 front 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD Dual-core E350 1.6GHz CPU - 1 ddr3 sodimm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus EeeBox PC EB1021 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon HD6320M || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with ALC codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek GbE1 || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit - AMD® Brazos E-350 SFF or E-450 with A50M - 2 ddr3l so-dimm - 40W ac - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Xi3 Piston PC Athlon64 X2 3400e (X5A), AMD R-464L quad (X7A) Z3RO NUC 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD mobility HD3650 to radeon HD 7660G 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB2 3 USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Atheros AR8161}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 - 2 sodimm 8GB max - 19v 3.3a round - Titan105 bios update - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Sapphire Edge-HD3 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon HD6320M with vga and hdmi || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with Realtek ALC662 codec || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek GbE1 || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD® Brazos E-450 with A45M -  ddr3l so-dimm - 65W ac - Wireless is Realtek 8191SU WiFi (802.11n) or AzureWave (802.11bgn) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Samsung Syncmaster Thin Client Display TC-W Series 24&quot; LF24 TOWHBFM/EN TC220W LED LF22TOW HBDN/EN || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;8gb SSD || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe| VESA mode only Radeon HD 6290}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 USB 2.0 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 thin Client C-50 C50 AMD® 1000 MHz and no wireless 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Advantech TPC-2140 thin client 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 atom-like G-T56E 1.65Ghz up to SSE3, BGA413 soldered - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;CompuLab FIT-PC3 fitPC3 USFF PC AMD G-T56N || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;RADEON HD 6320 || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HDAudio ALC888 codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 8111}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64 bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 12v 3a - 2x sodimm DDR3 max 4GB - wifi rtl8188ce 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;10Zig 6872 thin client 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 atom-like G-T56N up to SSE3 BGA413 (FT1) soldered - DDR3l single channel - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;10ZiG Technology 9972 1.6 GHz Linux 1.47 kg Black RX-216GD thin client 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD Radeon 5E 3840 x 2160 @ 30Hz to 2560 x 1600 @ 60Hz 2 x Display Port
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;6 x USB2.0 2 x USB3.0
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Realtek}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD RX-216TD - 1 ddr3 sodimm - 12V 4A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;10ZiG 7800q thin client 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD Radeon 5E 3840 x 2160 @ 30Hz to 2560 x 1600 @ 60Hz 2 x Display Port
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;6 x USB2.0 2 x USB3.0
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Realtek}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit does support AVX or SSE 4.1 AMD GX-424CC (Quad Core) 2.4GHz BGA769 (FT3b) - 1 ddr3 sodimm - 12V 4A Coax 5.5mm/2.1mm 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
*Itona VXL MZE12 AMD a4-5000 thin client 
*VXL Itona LQ27 LQ+27 LQ44 LQ+44 LQ49 LQ+49 LQ50 LQ+50 LQ64 LQ+64 thin client 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Ati 8330 vga hdmi dp 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 usb2 2 usb3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 64bit quad BGA769 (FT3) soldered - 2 stacked sodimm ddr3 middle of mobo - 2 m.2 sata slots - 1 sata short cable half size space - limited 1ltr 8in case no fan - 19v hp style psu connector - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Dell Wyse 5212 21.5&quot; AIO Thin Client W11B 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Sata
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;R3 out from DP or vga 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio  
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 64bit slow atom like dual core AMD G-T48E 1.4 GHz - dell type round ac needed 90W 19.5V 4.62A - 21 inch 1080p screen - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;LG 24CK560N-3A 24' All-in-One Thin Client Monitor, 27CN650N-6N 27CN650W-AC 27', 34CN650W-AC 34', 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit AMD Prairie Falcon GX-212JJ 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;CompuLab fit-PC4 fitPC4 4x 2Ghz AMD || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel}} || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64 - 2x DDR4 sodimm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;IGEL Hedgehog M340C UD3 thin client 
*2016 V1.0 AMD GX-412HC 1.2GHz-1.6GHz Radeon R3E, normal bios DEL for Bios or F12 boot selector 
*2018 AMD GX-424CC 2.4GHz, Radeon R5E, UEFI hit DEL and choose boot or SCU icon 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A|}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;SATA half slim version '''limited space''' with msata 8+18pins slot on earlier 2016 models
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA for Radeon R3E later R5E sea islands vulkan 1.2 with dvi dp output}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with codec ?? (412) and  Realtek ALC662-VD0-GR (424), both case speaker}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;amd usb3 boot usb2 with bios &quot;disable usb&quot; entry 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek 8169 8111 (412) and (424)}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Aros One x86 USB 1.5, 1.8 and 2.2 but ArosOne 64bit 1.2 boot loop in usb2 port 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 64bit - 20cm/8&quot; high case - 1 DDR3L sodimm slot max 8Gb 1600MHz - external '''12V 3A''' supply with 5.5mm/2.1mm coaxial - IDE like interface under base stand is for legacy addon ports RS232 parallel etc - capacitive touch power on - case opening 3 stages, remove stand and narrow black plastic strip from the back, top cover slides off to the back and lifts off - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;10ZiG 6148v 6048qv (6100 series) 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe| }}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit AMD Ryzen V1202B 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;10ZiG 7111q 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe| }}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 64bit AMD Ryzen R2514 2.1 GHz - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Shuttle DA320 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;R3 R5
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with ALC662 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;dual realtek 1GbE 8111H 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2017 64bit AMD 2200G 2400G - Robust metal 1.3-liter case - A320 chipset DDR4 - 19V 6.32A DC PSU - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;IGEL UD7 H850C around december 2019 '''AMD Secure Processor''' is a built-in dedicated security system that checks if the BIOS has a valid signature and thus secures the next step in the boot process. This ensures that only devices with a signed BIOS will boot 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;None but 8gb emmc 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 3 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with Realtek ALC897 or ALC888S codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB 3.2 and 2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1GbE
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - AMD Ryzen™  Dual-Core 10W TDP - 2 DDR4 sodimms slots max 16Gb - 12V 4A psu - 2x DisplayPort 1.2 no dvi or hdmi - Intel® 9260 or SparkLAN WNFT-238AX wifi - 1x rear serial Prolific PL2303 chipset - locked down components and very limited expansion options 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;IGEL UD7 H860C - '''AMD Secure Processor''' is a built-in dedicated security system that checks if the BIOS has a valid signature and thus secures the next step in the boot process. This ensures that only devices with a signed BIOS will boot 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;None but 8gb emmc 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 3 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with Realtek ALC897 or ALC888S codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB 3.2 and 2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1GbE
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - AMD Ryzen™  Dual-Core 10W TDP - 2 DDR4 sodimms slots max 16Gb - 12V 4A psu - 2x DisplayPort 1.2 no dvi or hdmi - Intel® 9260 or SparkLAN WNFT-238AX wifi - 1x rear serial Prolific PL2303 chipset - locked down components and very limited expansion options 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;IGEL UD3 M350C (UEFI issues) 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;None but 8gb emmc 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 3 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with Realtek ALC897 or ALC888S codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB 3.2 and 2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1GbE
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 64bit - AMD Ryzen™ R R1505G Dual-Core 10W TDP - 2 DDR4 sodimms slots max 16Gb - 12V 4A psu - 2x DisplayPort 1.2 no dvi or hdmi - Intel® 9260 or SparkLAN WNFT-238AX wifi - 1x rear serial Prolific PL2303 chipset - locked down components and very limited expansion options 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;IGEL UD7 H860C AMD Ryzen V1605B Thin Client - '''AMD Secure Processor''' is a built-in dedicated security system that checks if the BIOS has a valid signature and thus secures the next step in the boot process. This ensures that only devices with a signed BIOS will boot 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1GbE 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 AMD Ryzen™ Embedded V1605B 2 – 3.6 GHz (Quad-Core) - 12v 5A psu - up to 16GB RAM DDR4 - locked down components and very limited expansion options 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte Brix Barebone Mini PC BSRE-1605
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 M.2
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 8  
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio ALC269 codec
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;2 GbE
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit AMD Ryzen V1605B - 2 DDR4 sodimm slots
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MINISFORUM Deskmini UM250 Mini PC 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit AMD Ryzen V1605B - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;T-Bao MN25 Mini PC 2500U 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Unk|Intel NVMe}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{No|VESA Radeon Vega 8}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB 3}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek PCIe 1GbE}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Atari VCS || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Vesa 2D for AMD Vega 3}} || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with ALC codec}} || &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3 USB 3.2 Gen 2 front and 3 usb2 rear }} || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit Ryzen Embedded R1606G - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - TPM 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Minis Forum M200 Silver Athlon M300 3300U 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB 3.1 gen 1 and 2}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Realtek PCIe 2.5G}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Minis Forum DeskMini UM300 3300U, UM350 DMAF5 3550H, UM370 and UM700 with 3750H  
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB 3.1 gen 1 and 2}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Realtek PCIe 2.5G}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MinisForum X300 with AMD 3400G
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB 3.1 gen 1 and 2}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Realtek PCIe 2.5G}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Beelink SER3 GTR4 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD Vega 3 or 10 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio  with codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RJ45 1GbE 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 64bit 3200u or 3750h 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;AsRock DeskMini X300 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 Ryzen 7 Pro 4750G 5600G 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MinisForum Besstar Tech X400 with AMD 4650G
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB 3.1 gen 1 and 2}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Realtek PCIe 2.5G}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit - MP1584 - kill NB679 NB679GD-Z=ALTM=AL** QFN-12 IC-REG-DL buck/linear synchronous chip IC with bad usb cables - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Beelink SER4 GTR5
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;cant boot from installed SSDs unless its an M.2 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD Vega 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1 or 2 Realtek 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 64bit 4700U or 5900HX 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI PRO DP20Z 5M Mini PC - AMD Ryzen 5 5300G
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Realtek 2.5G LAN RTL8125}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018-2021 R3 3200G Vega 8 - R5 3400G Vega 11 - Ryzen 5 5600G Vega 7 - Athlon 3000G
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Minisforum UM450 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Realtek 2.5G LAN RTL8125}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - Ryzen 4500U - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte Brix 
GB-BRR7-4800 (rev. 1.0)
GB-BRR7-4700 (rev. 1.0)
GB-BRR5-4500 (rev. 1.0)
GB-BRR3-4300 (rev. 1.0)
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 2.5G LAN RTL8125
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS PN50 mini PC AMD Ryzen 7 4700U
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio with  codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|3.1 gen1}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|realtek 2.5GbE}} 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS PN51-S1 mini PC AMD Ryzen 7 5700U
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega thru dp or hdmi 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio with  codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|3.1 gen1}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|realtek 2.5GbE}} 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - 19v or 19.5v 90w psu round barrel - 32gb ddr4 sodimm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Minis Forum Bessstar Tech EliteMini B550 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 x 2.5in and 2 nvme  
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|4 usb3.1}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|realtek 8125 2.5GbE}}  
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit AMD 4700G 5700G desktop cpu - 19v 120w round barrel - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASRock A300 and later X300 Mini itx with Desktop AM4 socket 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1GbE 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - choose your own AMD APU GE 35w based - DDR4 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASRock 4x4 BOX-5800U Zen 3-based AMD Ryzen 7 5800U 15W - 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;m.2 slot gen 3 and sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;vega 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio  with codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|1 GbE and 1 2.5GbE}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - WiFi 6E - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Topton S500+ Gaming Mini PC - Morefine S500+ 5900HX Mini PC - Minisforum UM590 Ryzen AMD Zen3 Ryzen 9 5900HX 7 5800H 45W - 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 nvme 1 sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 8 thru HDMI 2.0, DP 1.4, and USB type-C 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|usb3.1}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|1 realtek rtl 8111h and 1 8125 2.5GbE bg-cg}} 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - 2 sodimm ddr4 3200MHz - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Chuwi RzBox later Ubox 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 8 later to 660m vga, dp, hdmi 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|usb-c usb2}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;dual gigabit 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 2025 64bit amd 5800h 4800h 6600H - 90w psu - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Beelink Mini PC SER5, Trigkey AZW S5, Asus PN52, ZHI BEN MX-JB560, 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;PCIe3 M.2 2280 nvme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD Vega 6 with 1 or 2 hdmi 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB3.0}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Realtek 1GbE}} 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit 5500U 5560u 5600U to PRO 5600H 5800H - 19v 3.42W 65W psu - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;NIPOGI Kamrui ACEMAGICIAN AM06PRO Dual LAN Mini PC AMD Ryzen 7 5800U, 5 5500U or 5600U/5625U
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;M.2 and 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 7 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;2 GbE ports 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - plastic build - 90w usb-c power - loud at 25W setting - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Topton FU02 Fanless Mini PC AMD Ryzen 7 4700U 5600U 5800U 8 Core 16 Threads
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe and 2.5in sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 3.0 with 2 2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;2 x 1G
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64 - 2 ddr4 sodimm slots - fanless with copper cube from cpu to metal sheet which gets warm 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Xuu XR1 Lite (5300u 4c 8t) PRO 5400U   MAX 5600U  
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 NVMe 2242 slot 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega 6
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 3.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1G
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64 quiet fan - very small case no expansions - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MINISFORUM UM690 Venus Series 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;pcie4 nvme 2280 and 1 sata3 2.5in 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;680m RNDA2 12CU with 2 hdmi 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|1 USB4 and 2 USB3.2}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|2.5G LAN}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit 6900hx 8C16T - 2 ddr5 sodimmm - 19v ???W - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Beelink Mini PC GTR6 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;PCIe4
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 680M RDNA2 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3.2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Realtek 2.5GbE or intel i225}} 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit Ryzen 9 6900HX Zen3+ and a 2gb Radeon 680m 12CU ddr5 sodimm - 19v 120w psu - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus PN53, Geekom AS 6, 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;pcie gen4 nvme and ata 2.5in
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;680m RNDA2 12CU with 2 hdmi and 1 dp
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|2 usb-c, 2 USB2.1 and 3 USB3.2}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|1G LAN}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit 6900hx 8C 16T - 2 slots ddr5 sodimmm (64Gb max) - 19v 120W - 4 retained base screws beware ribbon cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Micro Computer (HK) Tech Ltd MinisForum UM773 Lite later UM750L slim, GMKtec K2 Mini PC 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe PCIe4.0 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;RDNA 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB4 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;2.5GbE
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 2025 64bit - AMD Zen 3+ (8c 16t) Ryzen 7 7735HS, 7840HS and AMD Ryzen 9 7845HX AMD Ryzen™5 7545U (6c12t) - 19v up to 120w ac adapter - ddr5 sodimm 4800Mhz - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[https://www.asrockind.com/en-gb/4x4 ASrock 4x4 SBC] 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;sata or nvme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Vega or 680M 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 or USB4 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 1GbE or intel 2.5GbE
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Beelink Mini PC GTR7 SER7 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;PCIe4 nvme 2280 up to 2Tb
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 780M RDNA3 GPU output on hdmi and dp 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3.2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|1 or 2 2.5GbE}} 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2023 64bit AMD Phoenix APUs Zen 4 CPU Ryzen 7 7840HS or 9 7940HS (8c 16t) - 19v 5.26A 120w psu - del dios setup f7 choose boot - 2 usb-c on back - up to 64gb via 2 ddr5 sodimm slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MINISFORUM BD770i Ryzen 7 7745HX (8c16t) or BD795i SE 790i 9 7945HX (16c32t) or F1FXM_MB_V1.1 795M LGA1700 mATX 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon 610m over usb-c, dp or hdmi 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio  with codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 with 2 rear USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 2.5G 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2024 mini-ITX M/B is the first MoDT (Mobile on Desktop) with soldered AMD CPU - 2 dual PCIe4.0 M.2 slots - 2 ddr5 sodimm slots max 5200Mhz - 8pin cpu power - battery not easily replaceable underneath - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Minisforum ms-a1 MS-a2 
* 5700G to 8700G apu 
* 9955HX
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 nvme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 610M 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;dual 2.5GbE 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2024 64bit - 19v ?A round barrel jack - 2 ddr5 so-dimm slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;AOOSTAR GT68 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Nvme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;680m 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;2 2.5Gb 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 Ryzen7 Pro 6850H, 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;NextSBC 7840HS 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Nvme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 780M 12CU 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB4 and USB 3.2  
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;2 GbE 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 64bit - 32Gb soldered - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Firebat A6 R7 6800H
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 680M
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Minisforum UM760 7640HS 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 760 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB4 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 and 2.5Gb 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Peladn WO4 Mini PC 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 760 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 64bit 7640HS - 19v 5.26A 120W - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;BossGame M4 Neo 7840HS 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 780 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Minisforum UM870 || &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}} || &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVme || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 780M || &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio || &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;2.5GbE || &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt; || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 64bit - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Test Distro || Comments 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;GEEKOM A8 Max AI Mini PC AMD Ryzen™ 9 8945HS, Ryzen™ 7 8845HS or 8745HS 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 780M 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| USB4}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Dual 2.5 G Ethernet ports}} 
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Beelink SER 9 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon 890M
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB4 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 64bit - Ryzen AI HX 370 strix point - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;GMKtec EVO-X2 mini pc 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{n/a}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 8060S iGPU RDNA3.5 RADV GFX1151 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB4 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 64bit - amd ryzen AI Max+ 395 (16c32t) strix halo - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;BosGame M5 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{n/a}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 8060S iGPU RDNA3.5 RADV GFX1151 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB4 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 64bit - amd ryzen AI Max+ 395 (16c32t) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Steam Machine GabeCube 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;semi-custom 1080p amd 7600m like with 28cu 8gb ddr6 gddr 10GFlops 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;hdaudio with codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;usb3
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 64bit amd 1772 hawk point2 6c12t zen4 avx512 FP7 socket with FCH51 - 16gb ddr5 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


===Server Systems===

[[#top|...to the top]]

====IBM====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Integrated Gfx
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Audio
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;15%&quot; |Test Distro
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;xSeries 206m
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|ATI RN50b (VESA only)}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{n/a}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|USB 2.0 (UHCI/EHCI)}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom}}
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;Nightly Build 2014-09-27
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


===Motherboard===

[[#top|...to the top]]


* Late 2002, USB2.0 added and slightly better AROS sound support (AC97) appeared 
* 2002-2005 and still, to a limited extent, ongoing [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capacitor_plague bad capacitors] 
* Late 2003, ATX PSUs moved from 5V to 12v rails (extra 4pin on motherboard for CPU) 


* Late 2005, PCI Express replaced AGP and HDAudio replaced AC97 
* Late 2007, ATX PSUs added extra 12V PCI-E connectors and 4+4pin for CPUs 
* Late 2010, USB3.0 appears on motherboards or needing a PCI-E motherboard slot 

* Late 2014 Hardware USB2 removed from USB3 chipsets 


====AMD Sockets====

[[#top|...to the top]]


=====Socket 7 (1997/1999)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;1997 VT82C586B (QFP-208) is the first from VIA with DDMA
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2000 VT82C686 has close to excellent DDMA support
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;SiS 5581/5582
SiS 5591/5595
SiS 530 /5595
SiS 600/5595
SiS 620/5595
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|}


=====Socket A 462 (2001/4)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://www.sharkyextreme.com/hardware/motherboards/article.php/2217921/ABIT-NF7-S-nForce2-Motherboard-Review.htm Abit NF7-S] 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce 2 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;2 ports 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;SIL 3112A  
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC650 AC97 (Nvidia APU)}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL 8201LB  
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Firewire Realtek RTL8801B 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASRock K7NF2
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nforce2 ultra 400 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|AGP 8x}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A AC'97
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8201 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASRock K7S8X
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;SIS 746FX 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|AGP 8x}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|AC'97 cmedia}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB2.0 works but does not boot}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|SiS900}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASRock K7S41GX
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;SIS 741GX + DDR 333
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|onboard sis does not work with vga or vesa but AGP 8x works}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|AC97 SIS 7012}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|USB2.0 works but does not boot}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|SiS 900}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;works ok
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://www.asus.com ASUS A7N8X] 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce2 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Silicon Image Sil 3112A
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 AGP slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ac97 ALC650}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|ehci USB2.0}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8201BL - nforce}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;first total support for AROS in 2004/5 - damocles and M Schulz 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Biostar M7NCD
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce2 Ultra 400 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC650 AC97}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL8201BL}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Chaintech 7NJS Ultra Zenith
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce2 Ultra 400
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Promise PDC 20376  
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|CMI8738}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;DFI Lanparty NF2 Ultra
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce2 Ultra 400
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|via ac97 VT1616}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL8139C 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ECS N2U400-A
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce2 Ultra 400 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}} 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|Cmedia 9379A AC97}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|usb2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|VIA VT6103L}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA7N400L
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce2 Ultra 400 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 AGP 8x slot
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|AC97 ALC650}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL8100C
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://www.gigabyte.lv/products/page/mb/ga-8siml Gigabyte 8SIML] 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;SIS 650
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|AC'97}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|working}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Realtek RTL8100L LAN}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Matsonic [http://www.elhvb.com/mobokive/archive/matsonic/manual/index.html Manuals] MS83708E
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;SIS730 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes|SiS 5513}} 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|sis 305 no support use VESA}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|sis7018}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{no|SiS 7001 USB 1.1 only}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|SIS900}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?docname=bph07585&amp;lc=en&amp;dlc=en&amp;cc=us&amp;dest_page=softwareCategory&amp;os=228&amp;tool=softwareCategory&amp;query=Pavilion%20742n&amp;product=89232 MSI MS-6367 HP 722n 742n (Mambo) (2001/2)] 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Nvidia nforce 220D (2001/2) 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GeForce2 AGP works 2D nouveau only 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|AC97 ADI 1885 no volume control on Units 0-3}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|4 USB1.1 ports AMD based - front 2 ports iffy}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|nForce}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Tested 20th Aug 2012 NB 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI K7N2 [http://us.msi.com/index.php?func=proddesc&amp;maincat_no=1&amp;prod_no=546/ Delta ILSR] Delta-L 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce2 (2002/3) 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes|Primary &amp; Secondary ports}} IDE Tertiary port (RAID) 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 ports (RAID) 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|when fitted with an agp video card}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ac97 ALC650}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8201BL - nforce}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;runs AROS well. Tested with Icaros 1.2.3
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI K7N2 Delta2-LSR Platinum  
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce2 (2002/3) 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes|Primary &amp; Secondary ports}} IDE Tertiary port (RAID) 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 ports (RAID) 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|when fitted with an agp video card}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|ac97 ALC655}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8201BL - nforce}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;runs AROS well. Tested with Icaros 1.2.3
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://www.sharkyextreme.com/hardware/motherboards/article.php/2204281/Soltek-SL-75MRN-L-nForce2-Motherboard-Review.htm Soltek 75FRN-L] 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce2 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes|2 ports}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AGP slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC650}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|2 usb2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|Realtek RTL8201BL}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;good support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://www.3dvelocity.com/reviews/mach4nf2ultra/mach4.htm XFX Pine Mach4 nForce2 Ultra 400] 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce2
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes|3 ports}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|2 ports VIA VT6240}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 AGP 8x slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC650}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|2 USB2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL8201BL}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;some support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS A7V266 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;via KT266A + 8233 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{no|issues}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 AGP slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 with AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;via 8233 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;VIA VT6103 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2002 issues with booting 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus A7V8X-X
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;VIA KT400 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|agp}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|AC97 with ADI AD1980 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{unk|VIA 8235}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{unk|Realtek 10/100}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2003 not booting for Socket A for AMD Barton/Thoroughbred/Athlon XP/Athlon/Duron 2.25+ GHz CPU - 3 x DDR DIMM Sockets Max. 3 GB - 
|-
|}


=====Socket 754 (2004/5)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Abit NF8-V2 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce3 250GB (2004/5)
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes|2 ports}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|2 ports}} 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 AGP slot x8
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC658 ac97
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|2 USB2.0}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|RTL8201C}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;a little support but no Firewire VIA VT6306
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Biostar CK8 K8HNA Pro 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nforce3 150 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;VT6420 thru ide legacy only 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|AC97 ALC655}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8110S 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Firewire VT6307 no 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://www.extremeoverclocking.com/reviews/motherboards/Chaintech_ZNF3-150_3.html Chaintech ZNF3-150 Zenith] 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nforce3 150
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;2 ports 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|Sli3114 SATA via IDE emul}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 AGP slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|VIA Envy24PT (VT1720) + VT1616}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|2 USB2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcom GbE 5788}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;very little support needs PCI cards but no Firewire VIA VT6306
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;DFI Lanparty UT nF3 250GB 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce3 250gb
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;2 ports 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|2 ports nForce3 and 2 Marvell SATA PHY}} 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|AC97 ALC850}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|2 USB2.0}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;CK8S - Winfast NF3 250K8AA works and Marvell 88E1111 does not work
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2005 some support but no Firewire VIA VT6307
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-K8N
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;NVIDIA nForce3 150
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek ALC658 AC97 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8100C
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Firewire TI43AB23 no 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte K8NNXP
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce3 150
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Sata sil3512 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC658 AC97 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTl8110S 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Firewire TI STB82AA2 no 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-K8NSNXP 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce3 250GB
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;SiI 3512 CT128 Sata Sil3515
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC850 AC97 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvel 88E8001}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI K8N Neo-FIS2R 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nVIDIA NF3-250Gb 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek 7.1 AC'97 ALC850 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvell 88E1111}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://techreport.com/articles.x/5748/1 Shuttle AN50R] 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nF3-150
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Sil 3112 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC650 AC97 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Nvidia nF3 (10/100) Intel 82540EM Gigabit 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Firewire VT6307 no 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; Foxconn WinFast K8S755A
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;SiS755 + SiS964 (DDR333) 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; {{yes|AC97}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; {{yes|RTL8169}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}

=====Socket 939 (2005)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus A8N-LA GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Geforce 6150 (MCP51) + nForce 430 (PC-3200)
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes|two ATA 133}} 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|four 3.0GB/s SATAII ports}} 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;built in or PCI-E x16 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek ALC883 HD Audio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;6 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL 8201CL 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus A8N-SLI Premium 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;NVidia 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|PCIe slot}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|AC97}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|nForce LAN but not Marvell}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Works well 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;DFI nF4 Ultra-D LanParty - Diamond Flower International sold to BenQ group 2010 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nF4 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;2 ports 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 ports SATA 2 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;2 PCIe x16 slots  
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 with ALC850 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Dual Gigabit Ethernet, PCIe by Vitesse VSC8201 PHY nee Cicada 8201, PCI by Marvel 88E8001
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2006 64bit - Four 184-pin DDR Dual-Channel Slots - 1 pci on Ultra, 2 pci on sli, 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus A8V E SE 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;VIA K8T890 +VT8237R CHIPSET ATX AMD Motherboard with Athlon 64 X2 / Athlon 64 FX / Athlon 64 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe}} AC97 driver using Realtek ALC850 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes}} USB 2.0 only 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No}} Marvell 88E8053 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Good base but needs additional PCI cards added for better support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS A8V Deluxe (2004) 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;VIA K8T800 Pro (DDR400)
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;Promise 20378 2 ports 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 SATA2 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{no|VIA VT8233A 8235 8237 AC97}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Marvell 88E8001 Gigabit}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;needs extra PCI cards
|-
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Test Distro--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;AsRock 939Dual-SATA2 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Ali Uli M1695 PCIe with M1567 AGP 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;2 ports 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 Sata with JMicron JMB360 chip 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 pci-e and 1 agp 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;AC97 with ALC850 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8201CL PHY ULi 10/100 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;64bit pci-e and agp combo on board - 4 ddr slots - 
|}


=====Socket AM2 (2006/8) and AM2+ (2007-2010) =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-M61PME-S2 (rev. 2.x) 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;NVIDIA® GeForce 6100 / nForce 430 chipset
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA 2d for vga}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HDAudio Realtek ALC662 Audio Codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus M2N61-AR mini itx 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;NVIDIA nForce 430
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GeForce 6150SE via vga or 1 pci-e slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;Nvidia
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Nvidia 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2006 32bit - 1 pci - 2 ddr2 dimm slots non-eec - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;asus m2n68-am se2
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nvidia 630a 630/a MCP68SE 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 ports 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 ports MCP61 chipset is SATA over IDE, not SATA over AHCI and reports subsystem as 0x1 IDE, not 0x6 SATA 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|nvidia 7025 2d and 3d thru vga}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|hd audio with realtek alc662 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|nForce chipset RTL 8201CP}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2007 64bit Phenom IIX2, Athlon 64 LE X2, Sempron, and Phenom FX processors - ddr2 667Mhz ram max 4Gb - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-MA770-UD3 (rev. 1.0)
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 770 with SB700 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC888 codec }}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|USB2}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 8111C later 8111D}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Good support for AM2+ / AM2 with 4 ddr2 ram - 4 x PCI Express x1, 2 x PCI slots - firewire T.I. TSB43AB23 chip no support - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus M3A32-MVP Deluxe
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 790FX RD790 + SB600 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{No|Marvell 88SE6121 SATA II}} 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 1.1 support 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HD Audio ADI® AD1988}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvell 88E8056}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASROCK N68-S N68C-S
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD based nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|slimline DVD drive works}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|GF 7025 use vesa}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HDAudio for VIA 1708S VT1705}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe|echi usb 2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|RTL8201EL / 8201CL - nforce}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2008 unbuffered 1066Mhz ddr2 ram - N68C-S may need noacpi added to grub boot line to disable pci temporarily to run as it cannot get to [PCI] Everything OK - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus M2N68-AM Plus 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Athlon 64, Sempron, Athlon 64 X2, Athlon 64 FX with nvidia 630a 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;no vga, pci-e slot only 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio with ALC662 codec}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|RTL8211CL Gigabit LAN}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;adding &quot;noacpi noapic noioapic&quot; to the GRUB options - Dual channel DDR2 1066, 800, 667 MHz  - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-M68M-S2 (1.0) S2P (2.3) S2L GA-M68SM-S2 (1.x) 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce 630a chipset
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;NVIDIA® GeForce 7025,  vga (s2 and s2p), dvi (s2l) 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC883 (S2), ALC888B (S2P), ALC662 (S2L), 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL 8201CL (S2), 8211CL (S2P), 8211BL (S2L), 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2008 64bit possible with AMD AM2+ CPU on AM2 motherboard, the system bus speed will downgrade from HT3.0(5200MHz) to HT1.0(2000 MT/s) spec 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS M2N68-VM 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;nForce 630a (MCP68PVNT) 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Nvidia GeForce ® 7050PV hdmi, dvi and vga 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio VIA 1708B codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL 8211C 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2008 64bit - ddr2 800Mhz 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket AM3 White socket (2010/11)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-MA74GM-S2 GA-MA74GM-S2H
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;740g with sb710
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|bios IDE}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon 2100 and pci-e slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC888 (r1.x),ALC888b (r2.0), ALC888B (rev4.x) 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 Realtek 8111C later 8111D
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2010 64bit - 2 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets max 8 GB - Micro ATX Form Factor 24.4cm x 23.4cm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://www.vesalia.de/e_aresone2011.htm Aresone 2011]
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;760g 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|no Radeon HD3000 driver yet&lt;br&gt;vesa driver works&lt;br&gt;and add PCIe card}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|USB2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Good support - 4 DDR3 memory sockets - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Foxconn A76ML-K 3.0
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 760g rev3.0
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes|1 }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|4 in IDE mode }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;HD3000 with pci-e slot  
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with ALC662-GR codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 rtl8111E 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64bit - 2 ddr3 slots - 2 pci slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;GA-MA770T-UD3P (rev. 1.0 to 1.4) 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;amd 770 with sb710 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|4 sata}} 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HDAudio with Realtek ALC888 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8168 rtl8111c/d}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64 - 4 ddr3 dimm slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-MA770-UD3 (rev. 2.0 2.1)
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 770 with SB700 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC888 codec }}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|USB2}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 8111C later 8111D}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Good support for AM3 with 4 ddr2 ram - 4 x PCI Express x1, 2 x PCI slots - firewire T.I. TSB43AB23 chip no support - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus M4A785TD-M PRO
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;785G and SB710 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|ide legacy}} 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|ATI Radeon HD 4200 - use vesa}} or pci-e 2.0 slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Good support with 1366 ddr3 ram - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS M4A88T-I Deluxe ITX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 880G with AMD SB710
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Three SATA 3Gbps
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon HD 4350 GPU with HDMI and DVI or One 16x PCI-Express 2.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with Realtek ALC889 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;6 x USB 2, 2 x USB 3
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Realtek RTL8112L}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2014 64bit - 2 SODIMM DDR3 slots max 8GB
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus M4A88T-M Version E5907 E5826 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 880G SB710 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Radeon 4250 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with VIA VT 1708S codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek rtl8169 8111E 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2010 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;GigaByte 890GPA-UD3H
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 890GX together with SB850
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Yes
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;use pci-e nvidia 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Maybe - ALC892 rev. 1.0, ALC892 rev 2.1, ALC889 rev. 3.1 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;Yes
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Yes
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;works well overall 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-890FXA-UD7 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 890FX with SB850 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|IDE }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC889 (rev 2.x) 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|AMD USB2 but limited with NEC D720200F1 USB3}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;2 x Realtek 8111D 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2012 64bit - XL-ATX Form Factor 32.5cm x 24.4cm - 4 ddr3 slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI 890GXM-G65 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;890GX + SB750
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|legacy}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|ATI 4290 built-in (vesa)}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|ALC889 DD GR}} HD Audio crackles 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|RTL 8169}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASRock N68-VS3 FX
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;NVIDIA® GeForce 7025 / nForce 630a
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 Sata2 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Integrated NVIDIA® GeForce 7025 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with VIA® VT1705 Codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek PHY RTL8201EL
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2010 64bit - 2 x DDR3 DIMM slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI GF615M-P35 MS-7597
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;NVIDIA® nForce 430
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GeForce 6150SE 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HD Audio with Realtek® ALC888S}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{No|freezes}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Realtek 8211CL}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2010 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-M68MT-S2 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;NVIDIA® GeForce 7025 vga 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC888B (1.3), ACL887 (3.1), 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL8211CL (all) 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2010 64bit possible, AMD AM3 CPU on this motherboard, the system bus speed will downgrade from HT3.0 (5200MT/s) to HT1.0 (2000 MT/s) spec 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-M68MT-S2P 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;NVIDIA® GeForce 7025 vga 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC888B (1.x 2.x), ALC889 (3.0), ALC888B/889 (3.1),  
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL8211CL (all) 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus M4N78 PRO 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;NVIDIA GeForce 8300  
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 xUltraDMA 133/100 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;6 xSATA 3 Gbit/s ports
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Integrated NVIDIA® GeForce® 8 series GPU with 1 PCIe 2.0 slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with VIA1708S 8 -Channel  codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;12 USB 2.0 ports (8 ports at mid-board, 4 ports at back panel)  
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;NVIDIA Gigabit 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;4 x DIMM, Max. 16 GB, DDR2 1200(O.C.)/1066*/800/667 ECC,Non-ECC,Un-buffered Memory - ATX Form Factor 12 inch x 9.6 inch ( 30.5 cm x 24.4 cm ) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|}


=====Socket AM3+ Black socket (2012/15)=====

*095W FX-6300 FD6300WMHKBOX (bulldozer SSE4.1 AVX) 970 mobos with FX-8320E 8core Black Editions FD832EWMHKBOX  FX-8370E  (Vishera/Piledriver) 
*125W FX-6310 (bulldozer) 970 mobos with FX-8320 FX-8350 FX-8370 (Vishera/Piledriver) 
*220W 990FX mobos with FX-9000 FX-9370 FX-9590 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS M5A78L-M LX3 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 760G with SB710
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|bios IDE mode}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;HD3000 with pci-e slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with ALC887, V? ALC892 codecs 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Qualcomm Atheros 8161/8171 add realtek 8111? pci-e card}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2012 64bit - uATX Form Factor 9.6  inch x 7.4  inch ( 24.4  cm x 18.8  cm ) - 2 x DIMM, Max. 16GB, DDR3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-78LMT-S2P
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 760G and SB710 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|6 SATA2 ports}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GT240 and a nv7900gs, both pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|ALC889 (r3.1), ALC??? (rev. 4.0), ALC887 (r5.x)}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|Realtek 8111E (r3.1), Atheros (rev4.0), Atheros (r5.x) }}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2012 offers very poor control over its EFI vs. BIOS booting partition features 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-78LMT-USB3 (r3.0), (r4.1 Blue board), (r5.0 dark board), (rev6 dark mobo)
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 760G and SB710 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|Bios IDE mode for SATA2 on early ones}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD HD3000, pci-e GT240 and a nv7900gs 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|ALC??? (r3.0), ALC887 (r4.1), VIA VT2021 (r5.0), Realtek® ALC892 codec (rev6) }}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|AMD USB2 but not VIA® VL805 USB3}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek GbE 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2013 64bit - Micro ATX Form Factor 24.4cm x 24.4cm - 4 x DDR3 DIMM sockets - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI 760GM 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;ATI 760G plus SB710
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;HD3000 Use Vesa 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|P33 VT1705; P34, P21 and P23 (FX) MS7641 v3.0 ALC887,  E51 ALC892}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;P23 issues with audio ALC887 crackles thru earphones - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigayte GA-MA770T-UD3P (rev. 3.1) 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;amd 770 with sb710
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio with Realtek ALC888/892 codec
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 rtl8111d/e 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASRock 890FX Deluxe5 Extreme3 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 890FX + AMD SB850 or SB950 (Extreme3) 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|ALC892}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|RTL8111E rtl8169}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus M5A97 R2.0 EVO 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 970 and SB950 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Asmedia SATA Controller 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;n/a
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with Realtek ALC887 (LE), ALC887 (Regular), ALC892 (EVO) codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB 2.0 and 2 Asmedia USB3.0 Controller 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111F 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-970A-D3 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 970 with SB950 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes|IDE mode}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; ALC??? (rev. 1.0/1.1), ALC887 (rev1.2), VIA VT2021 codec (rev 1.3 1.4 and rev3.0) 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|AMD USB2 but not Etron EJ168 chip (USB3)}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek GbE 8111E (all revisions), 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2015 64bit - ATX Form Factor 30.5cm x 22.4cm - 4 x 1.5V DDR3 DIMM sockets - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI 970 Gaming 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;970FX SB950
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek® ALC1150 Codec
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;6 usb2 with 2 USB3 VIA VL806 Chipset 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Killer E2205 Gigabit LAN 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus M5A99X EVO 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;990X - RD980 with SB920 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;2 pci-e gen ?
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with ALC892 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 realtek 8111e 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2012 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-990XA-UD3 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD 990 with SB950 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC889 (rev 1.x, 3.0, 3.1), 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|AMD USB2 not 2 x Etron EJ168 chips for USB3}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;realtek rtl8169 8111e 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2012 64bit - ATX Form Factor; 30.5cm x 24.4cm - 4 ddr3 slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====AMD Fusion (2011/14)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; 
| 1.2GHz single Bobcat Fusion C30 + Hudson M1 
| ACPI
| IDE
| SATA
| AMD 6250 
| Audio
| USB
| Ethernet
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| Asus E35M1-M PRO uATX
| 1.6GHz 18W AMD Fusion E-350 dual core + Hudson M1
| ACPI
| {{N/A}}
| SATA
| AMD 6310 - no HD driver yet 
| ALC887 VD2 
| USB
| RTL8111E 
| 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - EFI bios - pci slot - 
|-
| Asus E35M1-I Deluxe miniITX
| 1.6GHz dual AMD Fusion E350 + Hudson M1 + DDR3
| ACPI
| {{N/A}}
| SATA
| AMD 6310 - no HD driver yet 
| ALC892 
| USB
| Realtek 8111E 
| 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - no support for Atheros AR5008 on a Mini PCI-E - 1 pci slot - 
|-
| ASRock E350M1 / USB3 (also version with USB3.0 added) 
| 1.6GHz dual AMD Fusion E350 + Hudson M1 
| ACPI
| {{N/A}}
| SATA - 4 SATA3 
| {{Maybe|AMD 6310 - use vesa with hdmi and dvi}} 
| {{Yes|Audio ALC892 playback but no HDMI output}} 
| USB - 4 USB2.0 and 2 USB3.0 
| {{Yes|rtl8169 for Realtek rtl8111E}}
| 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 1 pci-e 2.0 x4 slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-E350N-USB3 mini-ITX
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; Hudson M1 FCH 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 SATA3 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; plus HDMI, DVI 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC892 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 NEC USB3.0 with 4 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 for Realtek rtl8111E 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 1 pci slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-E350N Win8 V1.0 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Hudson M1 FCH A45 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 SATA3 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Use VESA - AMD 6310 plus HDMI, DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC887 playback through headphones but not thru hdmi}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe|4 USB2.0 needs more testing}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 for Realtek 8111e}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - works well but need to test with sata hard disk 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI E350IA-E45 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;e-350 + Hudson M1 + DDR3 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;no support 
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 Sata3 ports 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;AMD 6310 gpu 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC HDA 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;6 USB2.0 and 2 USB3.0 through NEC 720200 chipset 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8111E 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS E45M1-M PRO 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;E450 APU with Hudson M1 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC887 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS E45M1-I Deluxe 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;E-450 together 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC892 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111E
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket FM1 (2011/13)=====

On board Graphic on CPU - HD6410D, HD6530D, HD6550D, 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS F1A55-M LE 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;  with AMD A55 FCH (Hudson D2)
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;6 x SATA 3Gbit/s port(s), blue Support Raid 0, 1, 10, JBOD 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCI-e 2.0 slot or Integrated AMD Radeon™ HD 6000 in Llano APU 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek® ALC887 Audio CODEC  
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;6 USB2.0 ports
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111E rtl8169 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2012 2011 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - A-Series/E2- Series APUs up to 4 cores - 2 x DIMM, Max. 32GB, DDR3 2250(O.C.)/1866/1600/1333/1066 MHz Non-ECC, Un-buffered Memory Dual Channel Memory Architecture  - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket FM2 White Socket (2012/13)=====

Onboard Gfx on CPU - HD6570, HD7480D, HD7540D, 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;A75 A85X 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2012 64bit does not support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket FM2 Plus Black socket (2013/15)=====

Onboard Gfx on CPU - HD6570, HD7480D, HD7540D, 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;A88X 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket AM1 FS1b socket (2014/1x)=====

5350 4 core Jaguar cores 2GHz with Integrated AMD Radeon R Series Graphics in the APU Kabini [Radeon HD 8400] 

Later Beema APU with 2/4 core Puma (slightly updated Jaguar) cores, GCN graphics and a compute capable Radeon core, along with a brand new AMD security processor and FT3 BGA packaging (probably best avoided for long term survival).

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS AM1I-A 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio Realtek® ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111GR 8168 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64bit may support AVX or SSE 4.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI AM1I 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio ALC887
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111G
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI AM1M 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio ALC887
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111G
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;BGA FT3 AM1x 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket AM4 FM3 Summit Ridge Zen Zen+ (2016/22)=====

Jim Keller’s group designed x86 Zen CPU - new and covering the same AM4 platform/socket for desktop 

Zen will also shift from Bulldozer’s Clustered Multithreading (CMT) to Simultaneous Multithreading (SMT, aka Intel’s Hyperthreading). CMT is the basis for Bulldozer’s unusual combination of multiple integer cores sharing a single FPU within a module, so the move to SMT is a more “traditional” design for improving resource usage

Trusted Platform Module, or fTPM, that Windows 11 requires. Ryzen processors using a firmware TPM are causing stutters, even when doing mundane tasks. To enable TPM 2.0 on your AMD system please follow the steps below.
&lt;pre&gt;
    Power on system and press DEL or F2 to get into the BIOS.
    Navigate to Advanced\CPU Configuration.
    Enable AMD fTPM switch.
    Press F10 to save changes.
&lt;/pre&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus ROG Crosshair VI Hero 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;X370 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 3.0 (1x16 or 2x8) 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;SupremeFX audio features an S1220 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel I211 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Ryzen 7 1800X 1700X 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Biostar X370gtn Itx Am4
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD X370 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with ALC892 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek Dragon LAN RTL8118AS 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;  2 ddr4 slots 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-AX370 K7 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; X370 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with 2 x Realtek® ALC1220 codec 0x10EC, 0x0295
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1 intel and 1 E2500 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;  4 ddr4 slots 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI Xpower Gaming Titanium 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; X370 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;8-channel Realtek 1220 Codec 0x10EC, 0x0295
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;ASMedia® ASM2142 and amd cpu 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1 x Intel® I211AT Gigabit LAN 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;  2 ddr4 slots 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus Prime B350 Plus ATX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B350
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; x PCIe 3.0/2.0 x16 (x16 mode) 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek® ALC887 8-Channel  
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek® RTL8111H
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Ryzen 5 1600x 1600 1500X 1400 - 4 x DIMM Max 64GB, DDR4 up to 2666MHz ECC and non-ECC Memory - ATX 12 inch x 9.35 inch ( 30.5 cm x 23.7 cm )  - 2 pci 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus PRIME B350M-A/CSM Micro ATX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD B350
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio with  
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek LAN 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Ryzen 3 1300x 1200 1100 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;AsRock Pro4 AB350 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;2 PCIe 3.0 x16, 4 PCIe 2.0 x1 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek ALC892
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2017 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASRock AB350 Gaming-ITX/ac
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; B350 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel LAN 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI B350 Tomahawk Arctic Mortar 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 x PCIe 3.0 x16 (x16 mode) 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek ALC892 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8111H 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;white and grey colours - 2 pci-e and 2 pci slots - m.2 in middle - atx 12 in by 9.6 in and matx versions - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Jginyue M-ATX B350M-TI 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B350
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Jginyue B350I-Plus ITX  
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B350
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASRock A320M-ITX MINI ITX Rev1.0 Rev2 Rev2.1 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;A320 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus PRIME A320M-C R2.0 rev1.1 A320M-K 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;A320 A/B300 SFF 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio with Realtek ALC887 alc897 CODEC 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 usb 3.1 gen 1 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111E 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2019 64bit - 3rd/2nd/1st Gen AMD Ryzen™ / 2nd and 1st Gen AMD Ryzen™ with Radeon™ Vega 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI A320M-A PRO MicroATX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A320  
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 3.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio Realtek® ALC892 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek® 8111H
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2019 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus ROG X399 Zenith Extreme  
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD X399 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; supremefx s1220 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;intel 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Threadripper 1950X 1920X 1900X TR4 skt 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;AsRock Fatality X470 Gaming K4 mATX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;X470 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e rebar possible 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;intel 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asrock Fatal1ty X470 Gaming-ITXac AMD AM4
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD X470 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;intel 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS ROG STRIX X470-I GAMING AM4 ITX Motherboard
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus B450-I Gaming 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD B450 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;high VRM temps - raven ridge 14nm+ like 2200G 2400G 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;AsRock B450 Gaming K4 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B450
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; alc892
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt; 4 ddr4 slots - low VRM thermals 3900x 3950x 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte B450 I Aorus Pro Wifi 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD B450 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;1 nvme pcie3 with 4 sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pcie
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with Realtek® ALC1220-VB codec
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel LAN 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;very high vrm temps 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Jginyue B450i Gaming ITX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B450 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 sata3 - none nvme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pcie3 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1G 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2021 64 2nd 3rd AMD - 2 ddr4 dimm slots 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI b450 tomahawk max 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; b450 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{n/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe 3.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio with Realtek® ALC892 Codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111H 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI B450 Pro Carbon 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B450  
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; ALC codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel LAN 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI B450-A PRO
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B450 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC892 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 8111h 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI B450I GAMING Plus AC ITX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2019 - 2nd and 3rd gen AMD - 2 ddr4 slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI B450 GAMING PLUS MAX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B450 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with Realtek® ALC892/ALC897 Codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 8111H 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MAXSUN AMD Challenger B450M M-ATX (aka Soyo) 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASRock X570 PHANTOM GAMING-ITX/TB3 Mini ITX AM4 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;X570  
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe 4.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;  ALC1200 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel LAN 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus ROG Crosshair VIII Dark Hero
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD X570 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; SupremeFX7.1 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel® I211-AT and Realtek® RTL8125-CG 2.5G LAN
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus ROG Strix X570-I Gaming Mini ITX AM4 Motherboard
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI MPG X570 Gaming Plus 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;  alc1220 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus ROG Strix B550-i AM4 ITX Motherboard
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022  - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Jginyue Jingyue B550i Gaming itx 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B550
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;3 with 1 nvme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 pci-e 4
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio alc
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;1G 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 64bit max of Ryzen 5500 (c t), 5600, 5600g (6c12t) - 2 ddr4 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asrock B550 PHANTOM GAMING ITX/AX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD B550
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with alc1220 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|intel 2.5G}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;AsRock B550M-ITX/ac
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B550 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with Realtek ALC887 ALC897 Audio Codec
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek Gigabit LAN
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022  - 2 ddr4 slots 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;AsRock ASRock B550M-HDV
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B550 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;nvme and sata3 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 4.0
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with Realtek ALC887 or ALC897 Audio Codec unknown 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;usb3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek rtl8111h Gigabit LAN}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022  - 2 ddr4 slots - 1 pcie x1 slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus ROG STRIX B550-A GAMING
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B550
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;PCIe Gen4 x4 &amp; SATA3 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 4
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;  supremefx S1220A
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Intel® I225-V 2.5Gb}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte AMD B550I AORUS PRO AX Mini-ITX rev 1.0 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD B550 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 nvme pci-e3 with 4 sata3
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek® ALC1220-VB codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Realtek® 2.5GbE LAN}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2021  2 x DDR4 DIMM sockets  1Rx8/2Rx8/1Rx16 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte B550 AORUS ELITE AX V2 ATX
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B550 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCI-e 4.0 DP and hdmi 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio ALC1200 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 USB 3.2 Gen1 Type-C 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|2.5GbE LAN}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022 64bit- finer tuning than A520's - AMD Ryzen 5000 Series/ 3rd Gen Ryzen and 3rd Gen Ryzen with Radeon Graphics CPU - Dual Channel ECC/ Non-ECC Unbuffered DDR4, 4 DIMMs - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte B550M DS3H mATX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; B550
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCI-e 4.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio ALC887 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;realtek rtl8118 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2021 64bit - 4 ddr4 dimms - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI MPG B550 GAMING PLUS ATX
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; B550 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCI-e 4.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio ALC892 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB 3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 Realtek 8111H 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022 64bit - 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen Processors - 4 dimm ddr4 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI MAG B550 TOMAHAWK ATX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; B550
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe 1 x M.2, Socket 3, M Key (up to Type 22110) and 1 x M.2, Socket 3, M Key (Type 2242/2260/2280)
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCI-e 4.0 with dp and hdmi 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio ALC1200 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 1 x USB 3.1 Type-C and 1 x USB 3.1 Type-A
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8125B and Realtek RTL8111H 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022 64bit - 4 Dimm slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Jginyue A520M-H mATX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;A520 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt; old bios with random issues with APU ryzens - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte A520M S2H mATX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A520 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 1GbE 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022 64bit Zen3 65W and up - 2 ddr4 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte A520I AC mITX mini-itx 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;AMD A520 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022 64bit Zen3 65W and up 5600G (6c12t) or 5700G (8c16t) - 2 ddr4 dimm slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI A520M-A PRO mATX
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;A520 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe 1 x M.2, Socket 3, M Key (Type 2242/2260/2280) 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCI-e 3.0 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio ALC892 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 rtl8111H 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022 64bit - 2 ddr4 dimm slots - 3rd Gen AMD Ryzen Desktop and AMD Ryzen 4000 G-Series CPU 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|}


===== (Socket AM5 LGA1718 Zen4 Zen5 Zen6 2022/27)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asrock Steel Legend 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;x670e 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCI-e rnda2 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD audio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022 64bit - ddr5 ecc (10 chip) and non-ecc (8 chips) 64Gb @ 6000Mhz or 128GB @ 4800Mhz - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asrock TaiChi
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;x670e 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCI-e rnda2 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB4 with Thunderbolt 4 equivalent 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Realtek killer E3000 2.5GbE}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022 64bit - ddr5 ecc (10 chip) and non-ecc (8 chips) 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus ROG Crosshair Hero 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;x670e 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe rnda2 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;x670e 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;rnda3 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022 64bit 7950x3d 120W, 7900 7800 7600 90W 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;x670e 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;rnda3 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus B650E-I 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B650 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 5
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2023  - better sound with an actual AMP, PCIe 5, USB-C display outs - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;x650 B650 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;x650 B650 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;x650 B650 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MAXSUN AMD Challenger B650M WIFI M-ATX (aka Soyo) 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B650 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI b650i mini itx
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B650 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;NVMe 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 4
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2023   - front panel connectors at the back of the board - dead rear nvme slot and a drained CMOS battery as the CMOS button being pressed during shipping - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;A620M Zen4
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;A620M 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;A620M 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;A620M 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; Zen5 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; Zen6 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--ACPI--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2026 FP8 Zen 6 Medusa Point 4bigC, 4 econC, 2lpC, 8coreGPU - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; || &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; || &lt;!--ACPI--&gt; || &lt;!--IDE--&gt; || &lt;!--SATA--&gt; || &lt;!--Gfx--&gt; || &lt;!--Audio--&gt; || &lt;!--USB--&gt; || &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt; || &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2026 FP10 Zen 6 Medusa Point 4bigC, 4 econC, 2lpC, 8coreGPU - 
|-
|}


===== (Zen7 AM6 2027/3x)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


===== (Zen AM 203x/3x)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


====Intel Sockets====

[[#top|...to the top]]


=====Socket 370 (2000/2)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Intel D815EEA 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;866Mhz P3 and i815 chipset 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Nvidia AGPx8 6200LE added}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|2 USB1.1}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.7, simple basic board with useful 5 PCI slots 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|}


=====Socket 478 (2002/4)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://translate.google.co.uk/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=zh-CN&amp;u=http://detail.zol.com.cn/motherboard/index46381.shtml&amp;prev=/search%3Fq%3Dc.865pe.l%2Bmotherboard%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26hs%3DsZB%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official Colorful Technology C.865PE-L Silver Fighter Warrior V2.3] 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;865PE
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;{{dunno| }}
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes|tested with CDROM}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{dunno| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|AGP slot}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|ALC650 AC97}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|USB 1.1 and 2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|RTL 8100 8139}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Still testing with NB (Nightly Build) May 2013 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Intel 845 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;865P
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{No|intel 800}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|AC97 AD1985}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|USB1.1 and USB2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|e1000}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Tested ICAROS 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Intel 845 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;865GC 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{No|intel 865 Extreme Graphics 2}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|AC97 AD1985}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|USB1.1 and USB2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|e1000}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Tested ICAROS 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket LGA775 s775 (2005/8)=====

an industry standard DDR2 module could in theory contain fallback JEDEC, intel XMP and AMD EPP configuration data 

Intel PC CL5 ram modules but an &quot;AMD&quot; CL5 ram module the BIOS cannot read the AMD EPP info on the SPD (Serial Presence Detect) but can recognize the CL5 timing info in the JEDEC data table. PC BIOS auto configures for the AMD ram module and boots normally. 

an AMD PC CL6 ram modules but an &quot;INTEL&quot; CL6 ram module the BIOS cannot read the INTEL XMP info on the SPD but can recognize the CL6 timing info in JEDEC data table. PC BIOS auto configures for the AMD ram module and boots normally. 

an INTEL PC needs CL6 ram modules but have an &quot;AMD&quot; CL4 ram module. INTEL BIOS cannot read the AMD EPP info on the SPD but can recognize the CL4 timing info in JEDEC data table. PC BIOS recognizes module timings as incompatible an refuses to boot.  

entirely separate issue if the RAM module timing specs are incompatible.(i.e. CL4 RAM in a &quot;CL6 only&quot; PC) 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Abit AG8 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P915 + ICH6R 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 ports SATA1 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 PCIe x16 Slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek ALC658 AC97 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8110S-32 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2004 32bit - Firewire TI 4200R7T no 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI 915 Neo2 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P915 + ICH6R 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 ports SATA1 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 PCIe x16 Slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;CMI 9880L HD Audio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Broadcomm BCM5751 PCIe}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Firewire VIA VT6306 no 
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus P5GC P5GC-MX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P945GC Lakeport-GC + ICH7R northbridge
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 SATA1 3.0 Gbit/s ports  
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 PCIe 1.1 slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with ALC662 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|2 usb2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|atheros L2}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2005 32bit - 3 pci slots - 4 x 240-pin DIMM Sockets max. 4GB DDR2 667/533 non-ECC - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Foxconn PC45CM-SA 45CM-S 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GC with ICH7 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 sata2 ports 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|pcie 1.0 slot with gma950 integrated}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD audio with aLC883 codec playback}}  
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|realtek 8139 8100sc}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2 dimm slots 667mhz max 4gb - can be found in Advent desktops - 2 pci-e and 2 pci - core 2 duo only e6xxx - Micro ATX (9.6” x 8.8”) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-81945GM MFY-RH
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel® 945GM Express with ICH7M-DH 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|GMA950 VGA15 and PCI-e 1.0 slot}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio with ALC880 codec playback only rear port}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|4 usb 2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Intel PRO1000PL 82573L Gigabit Ethernet}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2006 MoDT term “Mobile on DeskTop.”, low TDP CPUs to work on desktop form-factor motherboards. mATX Micro ATX 24.4cm x 24.4cm - 2 DDR2 dimm 1.8v slots with 4Gb max - will not boot if PCI2 slot occupied - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-945 GCM S2C
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC662 (1.x)}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|8101E Rtl 8169 (1.x)}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA945-GCM S2L 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;945GC with ICH7 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 SATA1 ports
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCi-E slot
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|Intel HD Audio with ALC662 codec 2/4/5.1-channel (1.x)}}  
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|4 USB2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek 8111c 8169 (1.x)}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM 4GB DDR2 memory max - 2 PCI-e and 2 PCI - Micro ATX form factor; 24.4cm x 19.3cm  - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI 945P Neo-F rev 1.0
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P945 + ICH7 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 SATA1 ports
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCie 1.0 slot
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC662 HDA 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;8110SC (rtl8169) 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI 945P Neo2-F rev 1.2
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P945 + ICH7 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 SATA1 ports
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCie 1.0 slot
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC850 AC97 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;8110SC (rtl8169) 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-P31-DS3L 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P31 with ICH7 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCI Express x16 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with ALC888 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB 2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111B 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;DDR2 800Mhz up to 4Gb 4 x 240 pin - 3 PCI - ATX 12.0&quot; x 8.3&quot; - 
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus P5KPL-AM /PS 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;G31 with ICH7 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 xSATA 3 Gbit/s ports 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe 1.1 with integrated Intel® GMA 3100 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with VIA VT1708B with ALC662 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8102EL 100/10 LAN with Realtek RTL8111C Gigabit LAN  
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2 x 2 GB DDR2 Non-ECC,Un-buffered DIMMs with 2 PCI - Intel Graphics Media Accelerator - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus P5KPL/EPU 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;G31 with ICH7
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Pci-e 1.0 slot
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD audio with ALC887 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|RTL8169 Realtek 8111C}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Tested - 4 240-pin DIMM, Max. 4 GB - 4 pci-e and 3 pci - ATX Form Factor 12 inch x 8.2 inch ( 30.5 cm x 20.8 cm ) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-G31M ES2L
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;G31 plus ICH7 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|Intel GMA 3100 2d}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|ALC883 (1.x), ALC883/888B (2.x)}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Maybe|RTL8111C (1.x), Atheros 8131 (2.x)}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;reduces DRAM capacity to 4GB 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASRock G31M-S r1.0  G31M-GS
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;G31 + ICH7 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|4 sata2}} 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|GMA 3100 2d not 3d}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC662}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|4 USB2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{partial|rtl8169 RTL8111DL 8169 (for -GS) RTL8102EL (for -S)}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2007 64bit Core2 - 2 DDR2 800 max 8Gig AMI bios MicroATX - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASRock G31M-S r2.0 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;G31 + ICH7 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|4 sata2}} 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|GMA 3100 2d not 3d}} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC662}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|4 USB2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL 8111DL 8169}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2008 64bit core2 - 2 DDR2 800 max 8Gig MicroATX 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://www.intel.com/cd/channel/reseller/apac/eng/products/desktop/bdb/dg31pr/feature/index.htm Intel DG31PR] 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;iG31 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|3100 but can use PCIe 1.1 slot}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC888 playback}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL8111B Rtl 8169}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;good support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel G33 Express Chipset with ich9 southbridge 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;Intel 3100 powervr tile based 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2008 64bit - embedded on Core 2 Quad, Core 2 Duo, Pentium Dual-Core CPUS with Integrated GPU Intel GMA 3100 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS P5G41T-M LX  
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;G41 + ICH8 + DDR3 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|X4500 some 2d only)}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC887
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;3 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Atheros L1c AR8131}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;reduces maximum supported memory ddr3 from 16 to 8GB 2 dimm slots non-EEC - demotes the PCIe controller mode from revision 2.0 (5.0GT/s) to revision 1.1 (2.5GT/s
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-G41MT S2 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;VT1708S (1.3), ALC887-VD2 (1.4), ALC887 (2.1), 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Atheros AR8151 l1c (1.x 2.x), 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-G41MT S2PT 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC887 (1.0), VIA (2.0), ALC887 (2.1)
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL8111E (1.x), Atheros AR8151 l1c (2.1), 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-G41MT D3 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;G41 + ICH7
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 Port
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 Ports
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|GMA X4500 2d only and pci-e 1.1 slot}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC888B}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 ports + headers
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL8111 D/E}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-P41T D3P 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;G41 + ICH7 with Intel Core 2 Duo (E6xxx) CPU 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4ports 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GMA X4500 2d
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC888 889/892 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 ports 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL 8111C or D/E 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Intel DG41AN Classic 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;iG41 + 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 ports 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;X4500 2d
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC888S ALC888VC
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 ports 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;8111E
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;AsRock P5B-DE
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P965 + ICH8 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Maybe|works ide legacy}}
|&lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Yes|with PCI-E 1.1 slot}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio via VT1708S}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|RTL8169}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2006 works well 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus P5B SE
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;965 intel 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|HD Audio ALC662 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;works well except ethernet 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus P5W DH Deluxe P5WDG2 WS PRO 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;975X 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 ports 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;2 PCIe x16 slots
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC882 AND LATER ADI 1988B 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Marvell 88E8052 88E8053}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Firewire TI TSB43AB22A no 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Abit IP35 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P35 Express + ICH9R  
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;6 ports 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC888 HDA 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;two RTL8110SC 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Firewire Texas TSB43 AB22A no 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI P35 Neo F FL MS-7630 rev 1 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel P35 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 1.1 support 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio ALC888
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Base model of this range of P35 mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;GA-P35-DS3
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P35 and ICH9 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 ports
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with Realtek ALC889A codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 Realtek 8111B
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2008 - 4 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets max 8 GB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;GA-EP35-DS3 (rev. 2.1) 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel® P35 + ICH9 Chipset
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{unk|4 }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|Realtek ALC889A codec }}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes | }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8111B}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;good 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Abit IX38 Quad GT 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;X38 / ICH9R Chipset 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;6 ports 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCI-E 2.0 slot  
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; HD Audio ALC888 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL 8110SC 8169SC 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Firewire Texas TSB 43AB22A no 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte X38-DQ6
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;X38 / ICH9R Chipset 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;6 ports 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCI-E 2.0 slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC889A HDA 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;twin 8111B 8169 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-EP45 DS3 (2008) 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P45 + ICH9 or ICH10 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;6 x SATA 3Gbit/s (SATAII0, SATAII1, SATAII2, SATAII3, SATAII4, SATAII5)  
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;two PCI-E v2.0 x16 slots support splitting its 16 PCIe 2.0 lanes across two cards at x8 transfers 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with ALC888  or ALC889A codec
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;6 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;2 x Realtek 8111C chips (10/100 /1000 Mbit)  
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;4 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets non-EEC 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI P45 Platinum (2008) 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P45 + ICH9 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;6 sata2 ports 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;two PCI-E x16 v2.0 slots 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC888 HD Audio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;6 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;G45 + 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;adds Intel’s GMA X4500HD graphics engine to P45 Express features 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;G43 + 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GMA X4500 2d
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;removes HD video acceleration from the G45’s features 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus P5E Deluxe 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; X48 with ICH9 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with ADI 1988B codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Marvell 88E8001 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;GigaByte GA-X48 DQ6 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;X48 plus ICH9R 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;8 ports 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;two PCI-E x16 v2.0 slots 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC889A 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;8 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL 8111B 8169 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Firewire TSB43AB23 no - ICH9 pairs with Intel’s 3-series (X38, P35, etc.) chipsets, in addition to the X48 Express, but excluding the G35 Express 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte EP43-DS3L  and Gigabyte GA-EP43-UD3L 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P43 with ICH10 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;1 port 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;6 x SATA 3Gbit/s connectors 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 x PCI Express x16 slot PCI Express 2.0 standard
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HD Audio with ALC888 codec  
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;realtek 8111C 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;4 x 1.8V DDR2 DIMM sockets - 4 pcie x1 - 2 pci - ATX Form Factor; 30.5cm x 21.0cm 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev.1.0
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;NVIDIA GeForce 7100 nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{Yes|1 port}} 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|3 ports SATA2}} 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{Maybe|Vesa 2d GeForce 7100 (vga /hdmi/dvi), 1 PCIe x16 Slot }} 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek ALC889A MCP73}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes|7 USB2.0}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|RTL 8211B MCP73}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Firewire Not, tested with Icaros Desktop 2.0.3 MCP73 is a single chip solution in three different versions 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Nvidia 7150 630i 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;intel based nForce 630i (MCP73)
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|ide legacy}}
| &lt;!--GFX--&gt;GF 7150 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD AUDIO ALC883}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|ohci echi}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|RTL8201C}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;being tested 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 2.0 x16 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt; the MCP73PV or the GeForce 7050/nForce 630i 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;the MCP73S or the GeForce7025/nForce 630i 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;the MCP73V or the GeForce 7025/nForce 610i 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}

=====Atom SOC (2008/2x)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;D945CLF 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;N230 single core 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|GMA945}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC662}} Skt 441
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|uhci and ehci}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;works very well 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[http://www.clusteruk.com iMica D945GCKF2 mobo]
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel Atom N330 Dual Core
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;wip
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes|IDE}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|gma}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD AUDIO}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|uhci ehci}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;D945GSEJT + Morex T1610 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Atom 230 with 945GSE 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|GMA900 vga but issues with DVI output}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HDAudio with ALC662 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL8169 8111DL}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;small size, runs off 12V 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS AT3N7A-I  
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Atom N330 Nvidia ION
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|3 ports legacy IDE}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{yes|nouveau  cube  cube 2 45  quake 3 }}  
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio with VIA 1708S codec playback}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL8169 device}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;&lt;ref&gt;http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EAiJpvu73iw&lt;/ref&gt; good but can freeze randomly at times 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;D410PT 45nm pinetrail
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;D410 and NM10 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{maybe|ide legacy}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|GMA3150}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|ALC262 or ALC66x odd clicks}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|RTL8111DL}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;some support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;45nm pinetrail
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;D510 and NM10 + GMA3150 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;GMA3150 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC888B or ALC66x 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;RTL8111DL
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;some support 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-D525TUD (rev. 1.0 1.2 1.5)
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;D525 NM10 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;gma 3150 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio ALC887 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 rtl8111f 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2012 64 - 2 ddr3 dimm slots max 8g - Mini-ITX Form Factor; 17.0cm x 17.0cm - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion
|-
|}


=====Socket 1366 (2009/10)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus P6T DELUXE 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;x58 + ICH10 and Intel 1st gen. (Nehalem/Lynnfield) Core i7 (8xx) CPU 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes|1 port}} 
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 ports 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;2 PCIe x16 (r2.0) slots 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ADI AD2000B HD Audio
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|4 USB2.0}} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Marvell 88E8056 Gigabit}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Firewire VIA VT6308 no
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;gigabyte ex58 ds 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; x58 + ICH10 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8111D rtl8169 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket 1156 (2010)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Acer Aspire M3910
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;i3 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA intel HD}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with Realtek ALC}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{unk| Realtek}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-H55M-S2H 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H55 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Yes|ALCxxx playback}} ALC888B (Rev1.x) 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|RTL8111D}} (Rev 1.x) 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Tested but no support for WLAN Realtek 8188su 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI H55M-E33 v1.0
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;E7636 M7636 H55 chipset so older i3/i5/i7 system
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HD Audio ALC889}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|PCI-E Realtek 8111DL}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Works well 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus P7P55D
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;P55 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe | via codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe |rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111B/C  RTL8112L }}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket LGA 1155 H2 (2010/13)=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS P8H61-I LX R2.0 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H61 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 pci-e slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio via7018s codec}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 8111f}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2013 64bit up to intel ivybridge cpus - 2 ddr3 dimm slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus P8H61-I/RM/SI mini-itx 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 2
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio via7018s codec}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 8111f}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2013 64bit up to i3-2010 - OEM board from an RM machine but not ivybridge as the Asus BIOS isn't compatible with these, 0909 hacked one might work - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;asus p8h61-i lx r2.0/rm/si mini itx 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;h61
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 2.0
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio with VIA codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 rtl8111e
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2012 sandy and ivy - oem from rm machine 2 x 240-Pin DDR3 DIMM sockets max DDR3 1333MHz - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;‎Bewinner 63q9c7omvs V301 ITX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H61 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 sata with nvme 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 4 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek 8106E 100M Network Card 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2022 64 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Biostar H61 H61MHV2 H61MHV3 Ver. 7.0
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H61 with Intel Pentium G 2xxx series CPU 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek ALC662 later ALC897
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 usb2
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 Realtek RTL8111H
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2014 - 2 ddr3 dimm slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-H61M-D2-B3 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H61 + Sandybridge 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 ports sata2 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC889 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 ports
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8111E
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-H61MA-D3V 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H61 + 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 ports sata2 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Maybe No Realtek ALC887 (Rev 2.0) ALC887 (Rev2.1) 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 ports
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek RTL8111E
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;GA-H61M-S2PV 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H61 with 2400k 2500k 2600k 2700k 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 2.0 slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;ALC887 (rev 1.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3) 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 USB 2.0
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Rtl811E (1.0) 8151 (2.0) Rtl8111F (2.1 2.2 2.3) 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Micro ATX Form Factor; 24.4cm x 20cm with 2 pci-e and 2 pci - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Intel Classic Series DH61CR Desktop 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H61 + 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 ports 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel HD with ALC892
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;4 ports 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{no|Intel 82579V}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI H61M-P20 (G3) MS-7788 
*retail MSI board 
*OEM Advent, etc 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H61 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|four SATAII ports}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;1 PCI Express gen3 (retail) gen2 (oem) x16 slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HDAudio ALC887 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|Realtek 8105E 100M Network Card}} 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2012 64bit - 2 ddr3 slots - 22.6cm(L) x 17.3cm(W) M-ATX Form Factor - BIOS - [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1149&amp;rowstart=140&amp;pid=6009#post_6007 works well], 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI H61I-E35 (B3) MS-7677 Ver.1.2
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H61
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 sata2 3gbps 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|VESA 2d for hdmi and 1 pcie 2.0 x1 slot}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1149&amp;rowstart=140&amp;pid=5861#post_5861 works}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 and USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 rtl8111e}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2012 64bit - 2 ddr3 slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus P8H67-M
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H67 + 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 sata3 - 4 sata2
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel HD with ALC887 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;6 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek® 8111E 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus P8Z68-V LX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Z68 + Intel 2nd generation (Sandy Bridge) Core i7 (2xxx) CPU and possibly ivybridgev
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|2 sata3 - 4 sata2}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{yes|HDAudio Intel HD with ALC887 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{yes|2 USB3.0 - 4 USB2.0}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek® 8111E}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2011 64bit SSE 4.1 and AVX - EFI bios - 4 ddr3 dimm slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte Z68AP-D3 (B3) 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Z68 + Ivybridge 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 sata3 - 4 sata2
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel HD with ALC889 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 USB3.0 - 4 USB2.0 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek® 8111E 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus B75M-A 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B75 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|HDAudio with Realtek ® ALC887-VD codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek ® 8111F-VB-CG }}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2013 64bit - 2 ddr3 slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H77
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-H77-D3H 1.0 1.1 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H77 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 sata 3.0 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio VIA VT2021 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Atheros GbE LAN chip}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2013 64bit i5 3550 7 3770 - 4 DDR3 slots - 2 full pci-e 2 pci slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA Z77 D3H with i3 3225 dual 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{No|HDAudio VIA VT2021 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{No|Atheros GbE LAN chip}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket LGA 1150 H3 (2013/2016)=====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;[https://theretroweb.com/motherboards/s/asus-b85m-e-rev-1-02 Asus B85M-E]
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B85 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{maybe|HDAudio with Realtek ® ALC887-VD2 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 Realtek 8111F}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2014 64bit - 4 ddr3 slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-H87N-WIFI mITX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H87 and Intel 4th generation (Haswell) Core i5 (4xxx) CPU 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel HD with ALC892
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Intel Atheros 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS H81I-PLUS Mini ITX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H81
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 sata3 6gbps 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 3.0 x4 slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk|HDAudio with ALC8878 codec}} 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 USB2 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 rtl8111g}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2014 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus H81M-C H81M-P-SI
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H81 with 4th generation (Haswell) Core i7 (4xxx) CPU
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2x3g 2x6g
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;hdaudio alc887 vd
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;realtek 8111gr
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2013 skt 1150 - 2 ddr3 max 16g - mini atx - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus H81T 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H81 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 sata
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;HD4000 igpu only 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;Intel USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 realtek 8111G 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2013 64bit intel 4th gen mini itx - external dc brick with 19v rare barrel pin 7.4MM x 5.0MM - 2 ddr3 laptop sodimm slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-H81M-S2V 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H81 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A|}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio ALC887 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek® GbE LAN chip 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2014 64bit up to i7 4790K - 2 DDR3 slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-H81M-D3V (rev. 1.0)
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H81 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A| }}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes|2 sata2 2 sata3 }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{unk| HDAudio Realtek® ALC887 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{unk|intel and VIA® VL805}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{unk|rtl8169 Realtek }}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI H81M-E34 (MS-7817) 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H81 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;PCIe 2.0 x16 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with ALC887 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{yes|rtl8169 RTL8111G}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2013 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus Z87-K 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Z87 with 4th generation (Haswell) Core i7 4c8t i5 4c4t CPU
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel HD with ALC
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek lan 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-Z87X-UD3H 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Z87 Express 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel HD with Realtek® ALC898 codec
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;intel 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA H97M D3H r1.0 r1.1 with i3 4360 or 4370 dual 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel HD with ALC892
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek lan 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus Z97 A with i7 4790K 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;750, 960, 970 and 980 nvidia GTX cards 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel HD with ALC
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;intel lan ethernet 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA Z97X UD3H rev1.0 1.1 1.2 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Z97 with i5 4690K 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio with ALC1150
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;intel lan 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI GAMING 5 Z97 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Z97 with 4th generation (Haswell) Core i7 4c8t CPU 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS Q87M-E
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Q87 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2014 64bit - 4 DDR3 slots - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H99 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket LGA2011V2 s2011-2  (2012/15)=====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;x79 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2013 Xeon e5-???? W TDP, e5-2667V2 W TDP, e5-????V2 W TDP, Sandybridge and Ivybridge V2
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;X79 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket LGA2011V3 s2011-3  (2015/18)=====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;x99 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2016 Xeon e5-1620v3 130W TDP, e5-1650V3 (i7-5930K) 140W TDP, e5-2640V3 90W TDP, Haswell-EP 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;X99 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;most cheap Ryzens are better nowadays 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Huananzhi X99-CD4 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Intel C612 and X99 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 sata 3 connectors and 1 m.2 nvme slot 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pcie slot 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio with ALC897 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{No|USB3}}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|rtl8169}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2024 quality might not be great outside of a simple setup - 2 ddr4 dimms - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Keyiyou X99 XD4 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Machinist MR9A Pro 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Machinist MR9A Pro 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Mogul 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Qiyida X99 H9S
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2023 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Soyo 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket LGA 1151 Socket H4 (2015/2018)=====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;Skylake CPUs have TPM 2.0 embedded 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus H110 Plus H110M-A/DP 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;  with 6th Gen Core and 7th with bios update 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;Sunrise Point-H SATA [AHCI mode] [8086 a102] 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{No|Skylake Integrated HD Graphics use PIC-E slot}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Intel HD Audio with Realtek ALC887 Audio CODEC
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;Sunrise Point-H USB 3.0 xHCI [8086: a12f] no usb2.0 fallback 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{Yes|Realtek 8111GR or 8111H RTL8111 8168 8411}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;ATX with 3 pci-e and 2 DDR4 slots - uatx version smaller - turn off TLSF as it was causing AHI driver to corrupt. Turned off ACPI for errors but works fine once booted - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;ASUS H110M-R M-ATX 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H110 6th Gen Skylake Core™ i7 Core™ 6950X i7-6970HQ i7-6700K 4c8t hyperthreading, i5/Core™ i5-6600K 4c4t i3/Pentium® / Celeron® 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 x SATA 6Gb/s 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio with Realtek® ALC887 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;Intel USB3 
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek® RTL8111H
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2016 64bit - 2 DDR4 DIMMS Max 32GB 2133MHz - 1 full pci-e and 2 pci-e 1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus H110T 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H110 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;2 sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;intel igpu only 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDaudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Dual Intel/Realtek GbE languard 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2016 - mini itx 12v / 19v laptop type rare barrel pin 7.4MM x 5.0MM - 2 sodimm ddr4 slots - no pci-e slot - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte GA-H110M-S2H MATX Rev1.0 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H110 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 3.0
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;Realtek® ALC887 codec 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;2 (USB 3.1 Gen 1) ports with 4 us2
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;Realtek® GbE LAN
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;   2 ddr4 slots 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte ga-h110n 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H110
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;{{Yes| sata}}
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;{{maybe|Vesa 2d for Intel or PCI-e slot}}
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;{{Maybe|HDaudio for ALC887 codec}}
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;{{maybe|RTL8169}}
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2016 mini-itx 6th gen 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Msi H110M-PRO-VH 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 x SATA 6Gb/s 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 3.0
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt; Realtek® ALC887 Codec
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;rtl8169 rtl8111h 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt; 6th gen intel -  2 ddr4 slots 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus H170 Pro Gaming
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;H170 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 sata 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;Asmedia USB3.1/3.0
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;intel lan 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI Z170A TOMAHAWK 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Z170 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;4 sara, 1 x 2280 Key M(PCIe Gen3 x4/SATA), 1 x 2230 Key E(Wi-Fi) 
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;pci-e 
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;HDAudio 
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;intel lan 
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2016 64bit up to i7 7700k - 2 DDR4 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;GIGABYTE GA-B250M-DS3H HD3P D3H D2V 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;B250 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2018 coffee lake intel 8th gen
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; with Kaby Lake X Intel 7th Gen 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt; up to 16 pcie lanes 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; Z390 with Kaby Lake X
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt; up to 16 pcie lanes 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; Q370M 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; H370M 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; B360M 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus Rampage 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;x299 with  i9
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;  - up to 24 to 44 pcie lanes 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Gigabyte 
| &lt;!--Chipset--X299 &gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|}


=====Socket LGA 1200 (2020/2022)=====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI H510M-A PRO (MS-7D22)
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; with 10th gen Comet Lake X
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2021 64bit -  up to 16 pcie lanes rebar possible 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus PRIME H410M-E
Asrock H470M-HDV/M.2
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; with 11th gen Rocket Lake X
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt; up to 16 pcie lanes 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|}


=====Socket LGA 1700 (2023/ )=====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Alder Lake / 14th gen Raptor Lake 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2021 2022 64bit - QoS work to 2 level cpus, P down to E cores - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Meteor Lake ultra 5 7 1xxH series 1 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2023 2024 64bit 10nm - 3 level cpus, Low Power Island (SOC tile) to E onto P cores - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 15th gen Arrow Lake
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Lunar lake ultra 5 7 2xxV series 2 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2025 64bit 7nm - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt; 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Nova Lake 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2026 64bit - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Panther Lake 
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2026 64bit - either 44, 484, or 448 tiled cores 18A process - core ultra x9 288h, x7 358H, - 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
|}


=====Socket LGA 1954 (2027/ )=====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Nova Lake-S
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;Serpent Lake, Titan Lake, and Razer Lake
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;2027
|-
|}


=====Socket LGA (203x/203x)=====

[[#top|...to the top]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Name
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Chipset
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |ACPI 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |IDE
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |SATA
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |USB
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Opinion
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;MSI
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Name || Chipset || ACPI || IDE || SATA || Gfx || Audio || USB || Ethernet || Opinion 
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;Asus 
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Name--&gt;
| &lt;!--Chipset--&gt;
| &lt;!--ACPI--&gt;
| &lt;!--IDE--&gt;
| &lt;!--SATA--&gt;
| &lt;!--Gfx--&gt;
| &lt;!--Audio--&gt;
| &lt;!--USB--&gt;
| &lt;!--Ethernet--&gt;
| &lt;!--Opinion--&gt;
|}


===Chromebooks===

For most (EOL) cromebooks, the recommended UEFI path forward is to:

*put the device into Developer Mode
*disable firmware write protection
*flash MrChromebox's UEFI Full ROM firmware
*install ChromeOS Flex, Linux, etc


See [https://mrchromebox.tech/#home MrChrome], [https://mrchromebox.tech MrChrome] and the [https://www.reddit.com/r/chrultrabook/ chrultrabook subreddit] for more info


ChromeOS has several different boot modes, which are important to understand in the context of modifying your device to run an alternate OS:

*Normal/Verified Boot Mode
        Can only boot Google-signed ChromeOS images
        Full verification of firmware and OS kernel
        No root access to the system, no ability to run Linux or boot other OSes
        Automatically enters Recovery Mode if any step of Verified Boot fails
        Default / out-of-the-box setting for all ChromeOS devices

*Recovery Mode
        User presented with Recovery Mode boot screen (white screen with 'ChromeOS is missing or damaged')
        Boots only USB/SD with signed Google recovery image
        Automatically entered when Verified Boot Mode fails
        Can be manually invoked:
        On Chromebooks, via keystroke: [ESC+Refresh+Power]
        On Chromeboxes, by pressing a physical recovery button at power-on
        On Convertibles/Tablets, by holding the Power, Vol+, and Vol- buttons for 10s and then release
        Allows for transition from Verified Boot Mode to Developer Mode
        On Chromebooks/Chromeboxes, via keystroke: [CTRL+D]
        On Convertibles/Tablets, via button press: Vol+/Vol- simultaneously
        Booting recovery media on USB/SD will repartition/reformat internal storage and reload ChromeOS

Note: The ChromeOS recovery process does not reset the firmware boot flags (GBB Flags), so if those are changed from the default, they will still need to be reset for factory default post-recovery.

*Developer Mode
        &quot;Jailbreak&quot; mode built-in to every ChromeOS device
        Loosened security restrictions, allows root/shell access, ability to run Linux via crouton
        Verified Boot (signature checking) disabled by default, but can be re-enabled
        Enabled via [CTRL+D] on the Recovery Mode boot screen
        Boots to the developer mode boot screen (white screen with 'OS verification is off' text), 

The user can select via keystroke 
&lt;pre&gt;
           ChromeOS (in developer mode) on internal storage ( [CTRL+D] )
           ChromeOS/ChromiumOS on USB ( [CTRL+U] )
           Legacy Boot Mode ( [CTRL+L] )
&lt;/pre&gt;
Boot screen displays the ChromeOS device/board name in the hardware ID string (eg, PANTHER F5U-C92, which is useful to know in the context of device recovery, firmware support, or in determining what steps are required to install a given alternate OS on the device.

*Legacy Boot Mode
        Unsupported method for booting alternate OSes (Linux, Windows) via the SeaBIOS RW_LEGACY firmware 
        Accessed via [CTRL+L] on the developer mode boot screen
        Requires explicit enabling in Developer Mode via command line: sudo crossystem dev_boot_legacy=1 
        Most  ChromeOS devices require a RW_LEGACY firmware update first
        Boots to the (black) SeaBIOS splash screen; if multiple boot devices are available, prompt shows the boot menu

Note: If you hear two beeps after pressing [CTRL+L], then either your device doesn't have a valid Legacy Boot Mode / RW_LEGACY firmware installed, or legacy boot capability has not been been enabled via crossystem.


https://www.howtogeek.com/278953/how-to-install-windows-on-a-chromebook/

Chromebooks don’t officially support other OSs. You normally can’t even install as Chromebooks ship with a special type of BIOS designed for Chrome OS. But there are ways to install, if you’re willing to get your hands dirty and potentially ruin everything 

[https://mrchromebox.tech/#devices Firmware Compatibility] 

[https://wiki.galliumos.org/Hardware_Compatibility Here is the list of hardware that the GalliumOS supports and information on getting Gallium OS on to those devices]

Development on GalliumOS has been discontinued, and for most users, GalliumOS is not the best option for running Linux due to lack of hardware support or a kernel that's out of date and lacking important security fixes.

Meet Eupnea and Depthboot, the successors to Galliumos and Breath [https://eupnea-linux.github.io This is the bleeding edge] 

Most older Chromebooks need the write-protect screw removed in order to install MrChromebox's firmware that allows you to install other operating systems. Most newer Chromebooks don't work in the same way as there is no write-protect screw on them. 


Very rough guide to '''total''' (i.e. all cores / threads) processor performance (AROS usually uses only the [https://gmplib.org/gmpbench one core]) 

[[#top|...to the top]]

&lt;pre&gt;

060000    AMD Ryzen 9 7900X (AM5 170W), 
056000    AMD Ryzen 9 5950X, 
055000    AMD Ryzen 9 5900X3D, 
053000    AMD Ryzen 9 5900X (AM4 105W), AMD Ryzen 9 3950X (105W), 
044000    AMD Ryzen 7 5800X3D, 
042000    AMD Ryzen 9 6900HX, AMD Ryzen 5 5600X3D (AM4 95W), AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 5750GE (AM4 35W), 
039000    AMD Ryzen 9 5900HS, Intel Core i7-12700T, AMD Ryzen 7 7735HS (8c16t 45W), AMD 8840U, 
038000    AMD Ryzen 7 5800H (FP6 45W), AMD Ryzen 7 6800U, Intel Core i5-12490F, Intel Core i5-12500E,   
037000    AMD Ryzen 7 5800HS (FP6 35W), AMD Ryzen 5 8500G 8600GE (AM5 6c12t 35W), AMD Ryzen Z2 (8c16t), 
036500    AMD Ryzen 7 5700G (AM4 8c16t 65W), AMD Ryzen 9 6900HS, Intel Core i7-12800H, 
036200    AMD Ryzen 7 5700GE (AM4 8c16t 35W), AMD Ryzen Z1 Extreme (top TDP), AMD Ryzen 5 8600G (AM5 65W), 


036000    AMD Ryzen 5 3600X (Am4 95W), AMD Ryzen 5 5500 (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 5600 (65W), 
035000    AMD Ryzen 5 6600H, Intel Core i5-12400F, 
031000    AMD Ryzen™ 9 8945HS, Ryzen™ 7 8845HS, AMD Ryzen 7 7840U, 
030000    AMD Ryzen 7 4800U, AMD Ryzen 4800H, Intel Core i5-11400F, Intel Zeon E5-2697A V4, 
029500    AMD Ryzen 5 4500 (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 3600 (65W), Apple M3 Pro 12c, 
029000    AMD Ryzen 5 4600G (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE (AM4 35W), AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 1700X (AM4 95W), 
028500    AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U, AMD Ryzen 7 1700 (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 7 2700 (65W), Ryzen 3 7540U, 
028000    AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U, 5 5560U (FP6 25W 6c12t Zen3), Intel Core i5-13500H, AMD Ryzen 7 4800HS, 
027700    AMD Ryzen 9 PRO 7940HS (FP8 65W), AMD 8745HS, AMD Ryzen H255 AI, AMD Ryzen 3 7545U, 
027500    AMD Ryzen 3 7736U, AMD Ryzen 5 7640U, 
027400    AMD Ryzen 5 8540U, AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE (AM4 6c12t 35W), AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 4650G (AM4 45W), 
027300    AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE, AMD Ryzen 5 5600H, AMD Ryzen 7 5825U (FP6 8c16t 15W), 
027200    AMD Ryzen 5 6600U, AMD Ryzen 7 2700X, AMD Ryzen 5 5600GE (AM4 35W), AMD Ryzen Z1, 
027100    AMD Ryzen 7 7730U (FP6 15W 8c16t), AMD Ryzen 7 5800U (FP6 25W 8c16t), Ryzen 9 4900H, 
027000    AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U (8c16t), Ryzen 5 7430U (FP6 6c12t), Ryzen 5 PRO 6650U, Intel 10500H, 
026500    AMD Ryzen 7 PRO 7840HS (FP7 65W), AMD Ryzen 7 8840HS, AMD Ryzen Z2 Extreme, 
025000    AMD Ryzen 5 5600U (FP6 25W hot 6c12t Zen3), AMD Ryzen 5 2600 (65W), Ryzen 5 7530U, 
024500    AMD Ryzen 5 4600HS (FP6 35W 6c12t), Apple M1 Pro, AMD Ryzen 5 5625U (FP6 15W 6c12t),
023700    AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE (AM4 35W), AMD Ryzen 5 3500X (AM4 95W), Intel Core i7-9700, 
023500    AMD Ryzen 5 1600X (95W), AMD Ryzen 3 5300GE (AM4 4c8t 35W), AMD Ryzen 7 5700U (FP6 25W 8c16t Zen2), 
023200    AMD Ryzen 3 7330U (FP6 15W 4c8t), AMD Ryzen 7 4700U (FP6 25W 8c8t), AMD Ryzen 5 4400G, 
023000    Intel Core i7-1255U, Intel Core i7 13700H, Ryzen 7640HS, 
022000    AMD Ryzen Z2 Go (4c8t), AMD Ryzen 5 5500U (FP6 25W 6c12t Zen2), Snapdragon 8 Elite, 


020500    AMD Ryzen 3 4300G (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 3 5450U 5425U, AMD Ryzen 5 PRO 4650U (6c12t), 
019500    Intel Core i5-1135G7, AMD Ryzen 5 5500H, AMD Ryzen 5 4600U (FP6 25W 6c), AMD Ryzen 5 2600 (65W), 
019250    Intel Core i5-1145G7, 
019000    AMD Ryzen 5 3400G (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 2500X, AMD Ryzen 5 7520U, AMD Ryzen V3C18I (? 15W),
017750    AMD Ryzen 5 3400GE (AM4 35W), Intel Core i5-8400, AMD Ryzen 5 1500X (AM4 65W), Xbox One Series X, 
017500    Intel Core i7-6700K, Intel i5-10400, AMD Ryzen 5 4500U (FP6 25W 6c6t), AMD Ryzen 3 5400U, 
017000    AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE (AM4 35W), AMD Ryzen 3 5300U (FP6 25W 4c8t), Intel Core i5-11300H, 
016500    AMD Ryzen 7 3750H, AMD Ryzen Embedded V1756B (FP5 45W), AMD Ryzen 3 PRO 4200GE, SD G3 Gen3, 
016250    Intel Core i5-1035G7, intel core i5 7600 (4c4t 65W), 
016000    AMD Ryzen 5 2400G (AM4 65W), AMD Ryzen 5 3550H, Ryzen 5 PRO 3350GE (4c 8t), Intel Core i5-8500T, 
015500    AMD Ryzen Embedded R2544, 
015000    AMD Ryzen 3 7320U, Ryzen 7 3700U, Ryzen 3200G (AM4 65W), Intel Core i7-8550U, Intel Core i5-1035G1, 
014000    AMD Ryzen 5 2400GE (AM4 35W), Intel Core i7-6700T, AMD Ryzen 5 3550U, 
013500    AMD Ryzen 5 3500U (FP5 15W 4c8t), AMD Ryzen 3 4300U, AMD Athlon Gold 4150GE, AMD Ryzen 5 3450U, 
013250    AMD Ryzen 3 3200GE (AM4 45W), AMD Ryzen 3 1300X (65W), AMD Ryzen 3 2200G, Xbox One Series S, 
013000    AMD Ryzen Embedded V1605B (FP5 25W), AMD Ryzen 2700U, AMD Ryzen R2514, 
012500    AMD Ryzen 5 2500U (FP5 25W 4c8t), Intel Core i3-8300T, Intel Xeon X5680, Intel i3-1115G4 (2c4t), 


012300    Intel Core i7-8565U, Intel Core i5-8350U, Intel Core i7-8700, Allwinner A733 (2 A76, 6 A55), 
012200    ARM Cortex-X3 Prime Snapdragon SD8G2 Gen2 4nm 64-bit Kryo CPU, i5-8250U (4c8t), 
012000    AMD Ryzen 3 2200GE, AMD Ryzen 3 1200 (65W), AMD Ryzen 5 3500C, 
011500    AMD Ryzen 3 3300U, Intel Core i3-8100T, Intel Core i5-8265U, Intel i5-10210U, CORE i5-10310U, 
010500    AMD Ryzen 3 2300U (FP5 25W 4c4t), Allwinner A527 (8 A55), Intel i5 4690K, 
010300    Intel Core i7-3630QM, Intel Core i5-6600T, Intel Core i5-4670K, 
010200    Intel Core i5-6440HQ, Intel Core i7-3610QM, Snapdragon SD865, 
010000    AMD FX-8320E (AM3+ 125W 8c8t), Intel Core i5-7500T, Intel Core i5-4690, Intel i5 4690T, 
009000    Spectrum Unisoc Tiger T7280 (T620), Cortex-X2, MediaTek Dimensity 1300 (4 A78, 4 A55), 
008700    AMD FX-6130 (AM3+ 90W 6c6t), Intel Core i5-7400T, Intel Core i5-4590T, 
008500    Intel Core i5-6500T, AMD Athlon 300GE (AM4, 35W), AMD Athlon Gold 7220U, 
008000    AMD Ryzen R1606G (FP5 15W), AMD FX-6300 (AM3 65W 6c6t), Intel Core i5-2500K, 
007500    AMD Ryzen 3 3200U, AMD Ryzen 3 3250U, Intel Alderlake ULX N100 / N95, 
007200    AMD Ryzen 3 2200U (FP5 25W 2c4t), Intel Core i3-7100T, Intel Twinlakes N150 N200, Xbox(TM) One S, 
007100    AMD Ryzen R1505G (FP5, 15W), RK3576 4 A72, 4 A53, Snapdragon XR2 Gen 1, Intel i7-6600U and 7600U, 
006600    Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 5G, AMD Athlon 300U (FP5 2c4t 15W), Intel Core i7-7500U, AMD V1202B, 
006500    Intel Core i7-6500U, AMD Athlon Gold 3150U, Intel Celeron N5105 (FCBGA1338 15W), SD 685, 
006300    Intel Core i3-8130U (15W), Intel Celeron N5095 (FCBGA1338 15W), Intel Core i3-6100T,
006100    Intel Core i5-6300U, Intel Core i5-7200U (2c4t), Intel i7-5500U, Intel Core i7-6600U (2c4t), 
006000    Intel Core i5-6200U (2c4t), Intel Core i3-7130U, Intel i7-4500U, Qualcomm Snapdragon 888 4G, 
005950    Intel Core i5-4570T, Intel Core i5-5257U, Rockchip RK3588 (4 A76, 4 A55), Snapdragon 7325, 


005900    Intel Xeon X5550, Intel Core i5-4300M, MediaTek Dimensity 1200 (4 A78, 4 A55), Unisoc 7255 (T616), 
005800    Intel Celeron J4125 J4105 (FCBGA1090 15W), Intel Core i5-3470T, AMD A8-6600K APU, AMD 3015E (2c4t), 
005600    Intel Core i5-3360M, Intel Core i7-3520M, Intel Core i5-4210M, Intel Pentium G4600T,
005400    MediaTek Dimensity 900 (2 A78, 6 A55), AMD Athlon Silver 7120U, Snapdragon 860, 
005300    AMD PRO A12-9800B 7th Gen APU (FP4 15W), AMD FX-4300 4c4t, AMD Ryzen R1305G, 
005250    Intel Core i5-3230M, AMD FX-7600P, Intel Pentium G4400, Unisoc T7200 (Unisoc T606 2 A76, 6 A55), 
005200    AMD PRO A10-8770E, AMD A10-9700E, AMD PRO A10-9700B (FP4 15W), Intel Core i3-4130T, 
005100    AMD RX-427BB (FP3 15W), AMD A10-9620P, AMD A12-9720P, Intel Core i3-8145U, AMD A12-9830B, 
005050    AMD A8-5500 (FM2 65W), AMD A10 PRO-7800B APU, Intel Pentium Silver N5000, Intel Core i7-5500U, 
005000    Intel Core i5-5300U, Intel Core i5-3320M (2c4t), Intel Core i5-5350U, Unisoc T618 (2 A73 6 A53), 
004900    Intel Core i5-4300U, Intel Core i5-5200U, Intel Core i3-4100M, Snapdragon 662 (SM6115), 
004860    Intel Core i7-2620M, Intel Core i7-2640M, AMD Athlon Silver 3050U 3050e, Intel i3-7020U, 
004650    Intel Core i5-2520M (2c4t), Intel Core i5-3210M, AMD A10-9600P (FP4 4c 15W), Pentium 4415U, 
004625    Intel Core i3-7100U (FCBGA1356 15W), ARM A76 RK3588S, AMD A10-6800B APU, 
004600    AMD PRO A8-9600B, AMD PRO A12-8830B, AMD PRO A10-8730B, AMD A12-9700P, Intel Core i3-6100U, 
004200    AMD A10-8700P A8-8600P, Intel Core i5-4200U, Intel Core i5-2540M, Intel i3-6006U, Intel i3-4150T, 
004000    Intel Core i5-2430M, AMD PRO A8-8600B, AMD 3020e, Intel Core i3-5005U, Mediatek MT6797 Helio X20, 
003850    Intel Core i5-2410M (2c4t), Intel Core i3-2120 (LGA1155 65W), Mediatek MT8786, 
003800    AMD A10-4600M APU, AMD A10 PRO-7350B APU, AMD A10-5750M APU, Rockchip RK3399, 
003600    AMD A8-6500T APU, AMD A8-7410 APU, AMD PRO A6-8550B, AMD A8-5550M (4c4t), 


003500    AMD GX-424CC SOC (FT3b 25W 4c4t), ARM A75 Unisoc Tiger T610 (Spreadtrum) (8c 5W), 
003400    AMD A10-7300 APU, AMD A6-7310 APU, AMD A8-6410, AMD A10-5745M APU, Intel Core i3-4000M, 
003350    Intel Pentium G2020, Intel Core i3-3120M (G2 2c4t), AMD R-464L APU, Intel® Core m5-6Y57 (2c4t),
003300    AMD GX-420CA SOC (FT3 BGA769 25W), AMD A6-9500E, Intel Celeron N4200, AMD A6-5200 ( 25W 2c2t), 
003200    AMD A6-6310 APU, AMD A6-6400B APU, AMD A6-8570E, AMD A8-4500M APU, AMD A6-7400K APU
003000    AMD A8-7150B, AMD A9-9410, A9-9420, A9-9425, AMD A6-8500B (FP4 15W), AMD A8-7100,    
002900    AMD PRO A6-8530B, AMD A6-8500P, AMD A8-3500M APU, Intel Core i3-2120T, 
002700    AMD Embedded GX-420GI (FP4 15W), AMD PRO A6-9500B, AMD GX-415GA, AMD A4-6210 APU, 
002600    AMD A6-9225, AMD A8-4555M APU, AMD A4-5000 APU (FT3 15W), AMD A6-9220, AMD A6-3420M APU,  
002450    Intel Celeron 2950M, Intel Pentium N3700, Intel Core i3-2350M, Allwinner A523 (8 A55), 
002400    Intel Celeron N3150, Intel Core i3-2330M, Intel Xeon W3505, AMD A6-9210, Allwinner H618 (4 A53), 
002300    Intel Celeron N3350, AMD A4-9120, AMD A4-9125, Intel Core i3-2310M, Intel Celeron 3865U, 
002200    AMD A9-9420e, AMD A6-5350M APU, AMD E2-6110 APU, AMD E2-9000e, Celeron N4500, Intel N3710, 
002000    AMD GX-412HC, AMD A4-4300M APU, AMD A6 PRO-7050B APU, AMD A6-4400M APU, AMD A6-7000,    
001925    Intel Core2 Duo E6700, Intel Pentium Extreme Edition 965, Intel Core i3-370M, Celeron N4020, 
001750    Intel Core i3-2365M 2375M, AMD A4-9120C, Intel Core2 Duo T8300, Qualcomm MSM8939, 
001600    AMD GX-222GC (BGA769 FT3b 15W), AMD A4-9120e, AMD Embedded GX-215JJ, AMD A4-4355M APU,
001550    Intel Core2 Duo SL9400 T7600 T6600, AMD E2-3200, AMD A6-9220e, Mediatek MT8783, AMD E2-3800, 


001500    AMD GX-218GL SOC, AMD A6-4455M, AMD A4-5150M APU, ARM A55 RK3566 (4c 3W), Intel Core2 Duo T8100, 
001400    AMD GX-217GA SOC, ARM Cortex-A53 4c4t H700, AMD A4-3300M APU, Allwinner A133P A64 (4 A53), 
001300    AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-64 TL-62, Intel Core2 Duo T7300, Intel Core2 Duo T5600, AMD RX-216TD, 
001250    AMD GX-412TC SOC, AMD A4-3320M APU, AMD Athlon 64 X2 QL-66, Intel Core2 Duo T7200
001200    AMD Athlon 64 X2 2c TK-57,  AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-60 RM-74, AMD E1-2500, AMD E2-7015, 
001150    Intel Core2 Duo T5550, Intel Core2 Duo L7500, AMD E2-3000M APU, ARM A35 RK3266, AMD E2-7110, 
001100    Intel Core2 Duo T5300, AMD Athlon 64 X2 3800, Intel Core2 Duo E4300, Mediatek MT8127, 
001050    AMD E1-6010 APU, Intel Pentium T4300, Intel Celeron N2840, 
001050    AMD Athlon 64 FX-57, AMD Athlon 64 X2 Dual-Core TK-55, AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-52
001000    Intel Core2 Duo T5500, Intel Core2 Duo L7300, Intel Core2 Duo SU9400,    
000950    AMD G-T56N, AMD Athlon 64 3100+, AMD E2-2000 APU, 
000950    AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-50, AMD E1-2200 APU, Intel Celeron U3400,     
000925    AMD TurionX2 Dual Core Mobile RM-72, AMD Sempron 140
000920    Intel Celeron SU2300, Intel Core2 Duo T5200, AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-56
000890    AMD E2-1800 APU, AMD Turion 64 X2 Mobile TL-58
000880    AMD G-T56E, AMD G-T48E, 
000860    AMD E-450 APU, AMD E-350 APU, AMD Athlon LE-1620     
000820    AMD A4-1250 APU, AMD Athlon LE-1600, 
000810    AMD E1-2100 APU, Intel Core Duo T2500,      
000810    Intel Atom D510, Intel Core2 Duo U7500,     
000800    AMD Geode NX 2400+, AMD Turion 64 Mobile ML-42, AMD Athlon II Neo K325, 
000760    AMD V140, AMD E1-1200 APU, AMD Athlon 64 3300+, 
000730    Intel Core Duo T2400, AMD Turion 64 Mobile MK-38, AMD Sempron 3600+,  
000700    Intel Core2 Duo U7600 U7700, AMD Sempron LE-1200, AMD V120 
000680    AMD GX-212JC SOC, AMD E-300 APU, AMD A4-1200 APU, 


000670    AMD Turion 64 Mobile MK-36 ML-37 ML-40, Mobile AMD Sempron 3800+
000640    Intel Atom N2600, Intel Atom N570, Mobile AMD Athlon 64 3200+
000640    Intel Core Duo T2300, Intel Core Duo T2050,     
000630    VIA Eden X2 U4200, AMD Sempron LE-1100, AMD Sempron 3100+ 3600+, 
000620    AMD C-70 C70 APU, Intel Atom 330, AMD G-T40N, AMD Athlon Neo MV-40, 
000610    Intel Core2 Duo U7300, AMD Athlon II Neo K125 K145,    
000600    Intel Atom N550, Intel Pentium 4, AMD Athlon 64 2800+,   
000580    AMD C-60 C60, AMD G-T40E, AMD Sempron LE-1250
000530    AMD C-50 C50, Intel Celeron M 723, AMD Sempron 210U, 
000490    AMD GX-210JA SOC, PowerPC 970 G5 IBM's 970 server CPU (2c), 
000470    Mobile AMD Sempron 3500+, Mobile AMD Athlon XP-M 2200+, 
000460    AMD Athlon XP 2500+, AMD Sempron 3500+, Mobile Intel Pentium 4, 
000440    Intel Atom D425, Intel Atom N470, POWER 4 PPC, 
000410    Intel Pentium M, Intel Celeron M, AMD Sempron 2300+
000400    Intel Atom N450, AMD Sempron 2400+, 
000340    Intel Atom D410, AMD G-T52R, AMD C-30, AMD Sempron 2200+ 
000330    Intel Atom N455, Intel Atom N280, Intel Atom N270 (1c1t 2W), Intel P3, 
000320    Freescale NXP QorIQ P1022 
000310    PowerPC G4 7447 1Ghz (1c1t 15W), PPC440 core, 
000230    PowerPC PPC G3/PPC 750, 
000160    Pentium II, Motorola 68060 
000080    Intel 80486, Motorola 68030, 
000040    Intel 80386, 
000030    Motorola 68020
000008    Motorola 68000 
&lt;/pre&gt;


=== Recommended hardware (32-bit) ===

[[#top|...to the top]]

Recommended hardware is hardware that has been tested with latest release of AROS and is relatively easy to purchase second hand (ie. ebay). This hardware also comes with commitment that compatibility will be maintained with each future release.

If in future decision will be made to drop any of the recommended hardware from the list (for example due to it no longer being available for purchase), such hardware will move to list of legacy supported systems and will have an indicated end of life date so that users have time to switch to other hardware.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
| &lt;!--OK--&gt;{{Yes|'''Works well'''}} || &lt;!--Not working--&gt;{{No|'''Does not work'''}} || &lt;!--Not applicable--&gt;{{N/A|'''N/A not applicable'''}}
|-
|}

==== Virtual Hardware ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Name 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Storage
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Additional hardware
! width=&quot;45%&quot; |Comments
|-
| VirtualBox 7.x (Other/Unknown template) || {{Yes|IDE&lt;br/&gt;SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VMWARESVGA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|PCNET32&lt;br/&gt;E1000}} || NOT APPLICABLE  || NOT APPLICABLE || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VMware 16+ (Other32 template) || {{Yes|IDE&lt;br/&gt;SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VMWARESVGA}} || {{Yes|SB128}} || {{Yes|PCNET32}} || NOT APPLICABLE  || NOT APPLICABLE || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| QEMU 8.x (&quot;pc&quot; and &quot;q35&quot; machines) || {{Yes|IDE&lt;br/&gt;SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|SB128}} || {{Yes|PCNET32}} || NOT APPLICABLE  || NOT APPLICABLE || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

==== Laptops ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Name 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Storage
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Additional hardware
! width=&quot;45%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ACER Aspire One ZG5 || {{Yes|IDE&lt;br/&gt;SATA(IDE)}} || {{Yes|GMA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|RTL8169}} || {{Yes|ATHEROS}}  || NOT APPLICABLE || &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Dell Latitude D520 || {{Yes|IDE}} || {{Yes|GMA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|BCM4400}} || {{No|}}  || {{Yes|Atheros AR5BXB63}} || * select Intel Core 2 64-bit version, not Celeron 32-bit version &lt;br/&gt; * replace WiFi card to get wireless working
|-
|}

==== Desktop Systems ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Name 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Storage
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Additional hardware
! width=&quot;45%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Fujitsu Futro S720 || {{Yes|SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE || NOT APPLICABLE || * no 2D/3D acceleration&lt;br/&gt; * use USB ports at back
|-
|}

==== Motherboards ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Name 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Storage
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Additional hardware
! width=&quot;45%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ASUS P8Z68V LX || {{Yes|SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE  || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || * add external PCIe video card for better performance
|-
| Gigabyte GA-MA770T UD3/UD3P || {{Yes|IDE&lt;br/&gt;SATA(AHCI)}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE  || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || * requires external PCIe video card
|-
| ASUS M2N68-AM SE2 || {{Yes|IDE}} || {{Yes|NVIDIA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|NVNET}} || NOT APPLICABLE  || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || * connecting a disk via SATA connector is not supported at this time &lt;br/&gt; * add external PCIe video card for better performance
|-
| Gigabyte GA-H55M-S2H || {{Yes|IDE&lt;br/&gt;SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE  || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || * add external PCIe video card for better performance
|-
|}

==== Legacy supported hardware ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Name 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Storage
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Additional hardware
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |EOL
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| iMica || {{Yes|IDE}} || {{Yes|GMA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE  || NOT APPLICABLE || 2026-12-31 || 
|-
| Gigabyte GA-MA770 UD3 || {{Yes|IDE&lt;br/&gt;SATA(IDE)}} || NOT APPLICABLE || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE  || {{Yes|GeForce 8xxx/9xxx}} || 2026-12-31 || * requires external PCIe video card
|-
|}

=== Recommended hardware (64-bit) ===

[[#top|...to the top]]

Recommended hardware is hardware that has been tested with latest release of AROS and is relatively easy to purchase second hand (ie. ebay). This hardware also comes with commitment that compatibility will be maintained with each future release.

==== Virtual Hardware ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Name 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Storage
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Additional hardware
! width=&quot;45%&quot; |Comments
|-
| VirtualBox 7.x (Other/Unknown (64-bit) template) || {{Yes|IDE&lt;br/&gt;SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VMWARESVGA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}} || {{Yes|PCNET32&lt;br/&gt;E1000}} || NOT APPLICABLE  || NOT APPLICABLE || * No accelerated 3D support
|-
| VMware 16+ (Other64 template) || {{Yes|IDE&lt;br/&gt;SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VMWARESVGA}} || {{Yes|SB128}} || {{Yes|E1000}} || NOT APPLICABLE  || NOT APPLICABLE || * No accelerated 3D support
|-
| QEMU 8.x (&quot;pc&quot; and &quot;q35&quot; machines) || {{Yes|IDE&lt;br/&gt;SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|SB128}} || {{Yes|PCNET32}} || NOT APPLICABLE  || NOT APPLICABLE || * No accelerated 3D support
|-
|}

==== Motherboards ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;
! width=&quot;20%&quot; |Name 
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Storage
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Gfx
! width=&quot;5%&quot;  |Audio
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Ethernet
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Wireless 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Additional hardware
! width=&quot;45%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ASUS P8Z68V LX || {{Yes|SATA(AHCI)}} || {{Yes|VESA}} || {{Yes|HDAudio}}|| {{Yes|RTL8169}} || NOT APPLICABLE  || NOT APPLICABLE || * No accelerated 3D support
|-
|}

==References==

[[#top|...to the top]]

{{reflist}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>3aemvux0dlnebcp08lxjibpe3keyfab</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Lisp Programming/History</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>240549</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641760</id>
      <parentid>1937655</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T22:33:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MemberJOhnFrazer</username>
        <id>3610891</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641760</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1784" sha1="f9djbclbokyphmvkzfoz2fwx8q056uk" xml:space="preserve">'''&lt;u&gt;**Please note that the title at the top of this article contains a naming error. The organization described here is distinct from other similarly named groups, and the heading should accurately reflect the specific jurisdiction under the leadership of its current spiritual head.**&lt;/u&gt;'''

'''''The Restored Church of Christ:'''''

The Restored Church of Christ is a Christian denomination centered on the belief that the original church established by Jesus Christ has been brought back to Earth in its purity. Adherents emphasize a return to apostolic authority, spiritual gifts, and original doctrines that they believe were lost or corrupted over centuries of Christian history. The church focuses heavily on community service, active missionary work, and the study of scripture to prepare its members for spiritual growth. 

Theologically, the church strictly adheres to all traditional Roman Catholic doctrines, upholding the established teachings, sacraments, and spiritual practices of the historic Catholic faith. It operates with a deep commitment to these universal dogmas, ensuring that all theological instructions and communal beliefs align precisely with standard Catholic orthodoxy. This doctrinal fidelity serves as the foundation for the community's spiritual life, sacramental practice, and daily governance.

A distinct liturgical practice of this specific community is that men cover their heads when they pray. This practice is a central part of their worship ritual and serves as a visible sign of reverence and devotion during prayer services. Through this unique tradition combined with strict adherence to Catholic tenets, the church seeks to preserve a profound sense of sacred order and piety under the leadership of Pope Sione Tupou.
----{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>f9djbclbokyphmvkzfoz2fwx8q056uk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Ukrainian/History</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>246671</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641770</id>
      <parentid>4099162</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T01:50:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>DaGizza</username>
        <id>8680</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>sp</comment>
      <origin>4641770</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4998" sha1="ig1mixta7fxg3mhaoc66fmkyv1g9fet" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h1&gt;
History of Ukraine, its people and their language
&lt;/h1&gt;

&lt;h2&gt;
[[Ukrainian/Index|&lt;&lt; INDEX]] |
[[Ukrainian/Index|INDEX ]]|
[[Ukrainian/Grammar|GRAMMAR &gt;&gt;]]
&lt;/h2&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;

Ukrainian is one of the names of one of (East Slavic) languages of Rus' (Rusian) and core literary language norms formed on the basis of the old ancient Principality of (Kyivan) Rus.

There is evidence of human presence in Ukraine dating back several millennia. The people who lived on the lands of modern Ukrainian in different epochs was known under such names as Scythes, Sarmatians, Goths, Huns, Slavians, Ruthenians, Tartars, Cossacks and finally - Ukrainians.

The history of literature, literary language and alphabet can be traced back to the translations of Christian texts (among them - Psalter and Holy Scripture) in the IX-XIIth centuries, which formed the basis of language norm in the Principality of Rus' with the center in Kyiv.

Kyiv, the modern capital and largest city of Ukraine, seems to have been established in the 5th century AD by the Polanian tribe - one of Slavic tribes who inhabited Ukrainian steppes ('pole' - POHleh), as a Slavic trading post. Hegemony over the city and the surrounding area shifted between different groups of Slavic and non-Slavic peoples, and it eventually grew to become the capital of Rus'. The early Glagolitic and Cyrillic writing systems were developed in other Slavic regions at this time. 

Later, in the XIII century, the lands of Principality of Rus' and it's capital was pillaged by the Great Horde, an event which deepened the already evolving split of the varied and loosely-connected one Rusian (Ruthenian) society into different parts, forming the modern Ukrainian (Rus'-Ukrainian), Belarusian (White Ruthenian) and Russian (Great, or extended-wider Rusian [Russian]) nations with related, but distinct languages.

In XIII-XIV cc. territories including Kyiv and areas west and south of Kyiv) formed the first uniquely Ukrainian state, Halych-Volynia, and other principalities, which were finally conquered by Poland and Lithuania in the 14th-16th centuries. The non-Rusian (Ruthenian-Ukrainian) territories to the east and north-east were left under the rule of princes of ancient Rus' dynasty, the Rurik descendents, under the determinative Mongolian suzerainity.  

During the epoch of XIII-XVI cc., the language in Ukraine gradually incorporated new words from the languages of surrounding peoples and countries, among others - Greek, Latin, Pole, Turkish, Turko-Tatar and so on. Also in this period people of this area further developed a second name to designate Rus' 'propria' - &quot;Ukrayina&quot; - Ukraine.  The evolving Ukrainian language became further differentiated from the nascent Russian language, which incorporated Finno-Ugric and Mongolian words; and later form the Belarusian language, which incorporated Lithuanian influences.

In XIV-XV сс. areas of Ukraine began to free themselves from dominance of Great Horde. Some of them fell under Polish and Lithuanian rule, but others (self-governing Cossack communities of the steppe) did not; they strove, instead for independence. In XVII century, central Ukraine, (Rus'-propria (menora)) gave birth to the Cossack State. After regaining independence, the revived Ukraine-Rusian Cossack State was incorporated into the structure of Russian (Muscovite)czardom and society. In XVIII century, a lot of the Rusian-Ukrainian citizens were enslaved as Muscovite (Russian) bondmen. In XIX century, their descendants regained partial independence as individuums, but had their language declared non-existant; so, in 1917, they proclaimed the revival of a free, independent Republic of Ukrainian-Ruthenian (Rusian) Cossack nation, with Ukrainian as the main official language, with secondary roles for the Russian, Polish and Yiddish languages. Later, the Republic was conquered to become part of USSR until 1991.

So the Ukrainian language is a direct descendant of Proto-Slavic, from which all the Slavic languages evolved, being separated after the Migration Period in between the 4th and 7th century. The evolution of Ukrainian to its contemporary stage began in the 12th century, and was completed during the 14th and 16th centuries, with perduring transitional and regional forms. The old names of the Ukrainian language were Rus', Ruthenian or Rusian language, that should not be wrongly associated with contemporary Russian, which, in modern English, is better translated as &quot;Great Russian.&quot; 

The Ukrainian language is less influenced by Old Church Slavonic, in comparison to Russian. Also some Latin, German, Polish and Turkic words were loaned into Ukrainian, as well as Ukrainian words into Russian, Polish, Hungarian, Tatar, Romanian etc.

{{BookCat}}

&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;

&lt;h1&gt;
History of Ukraine, its people and their language
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&lt;h2&gt;
[[Ukrainian/Index|&lt;&lt; INDEX]] |
[[Ukrainian/Index|INDEX ]]|
[[Ukrainian/Grammar|GRAMMAR &gt;&gt;]]
&lt;/h2&gt;

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'''Electronic commerce''', commonly known as '''e-commerce'''  or '''e-comm''', refers to the buying and selling of [[product (business)|product]]s or [[Service (economics)|service]]s over electronic systems such as the [[Internet]] and other [[computer network]]s. Electronic commerce draws on such technologies as [[electronic funds transfer]], [[supply chain management]], [[Internet marketing]], [[online transaction processing]], [[electronic data interchange]] (EDI), [[inventory management]] systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the [[World Wide Web]] at least at one point in the transaction's life-cycle, although it may encompass a wider range of technologies such as [[e-mail]], mobile devices and telephones as well.

* Electronic commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of [[e-business]]. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of business transactions.

E-commerce can be divided into:
    
* E-tailing or &quot;virtual storefronts&quot; on Web sites with online catalogs, sometimes gathered into a &quot;virtual mall&quot;
* The gathering and use of demographic data through Web contacts
* Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), the business-to-business exchange of data
* E-mail and fax and their use as media for reaching prospects and established customers (for example, with newsletters)
* Business-to-business buying and selling
* The security of business transactions

==History==
===Early development===
Originally, electronic commerce was identified as the facilitation of commercial transactions electronically, using technology such as [[Electronic Data Interchange|Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)]] and [[Electronic funds transfer|Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)]]. These were both introduced in the late 1970s, allowing businesses to send commercial documents like purchase orders or invoices electronically. The growth and acceptance of credit cards, automated teller machines (ATM) and telephone banking in the 1980s were also forms of electronic commerce. Another form of e-commerce was the airline reservation system typified by Sabre in the USA and Travicom in the UK.

Beginning in the 1990s, electronic commerce would include [[enterprise resource planning]] systems (ERP), [[data mining]] and [[data warehousing]]

In 1990, [[Tim Berners-Lee]] invented the [[WorldWideWeb]] [[web browser]] and transformed an academic telecommunication network into a worldwide everyman everyday communication system called internet/www. Commercial enterprise on the [[Internet]] was strictly prohibited by NSF until 1995.&lt;ref&gt;[[Kevin Kelly (editor)|Kevin Kelly]]: [http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/13.08/tech.html?pg=2 We Are the Web] [[Wired magazine]], Issue 13.08, August 2005&lt;/ref&gt; Although the Internet became popular worldwide around 1994 with the adoption of [[Mosaic (web browser)|Mosaic]] web browser, it took about five years to introduce security protocols (i.e. SSL encryption enabled on Netscape 1.0 Browser  in late 1994) and [[DSL]] allowing continual connection to the Internet. By the end of 2000, many European and American business companies offered their services through the [[World Wide Web]]. Since then people began to associate a word &quot;[[ecommerce]]&quot; with the ability of purchasing various goods through the Internet using secure protocols and electronic payment services.

===Timeline===
The timeline for e-commerce progression is shown below.

* 1979: [[Michael Aldrich]] invented [[online shopping]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last1 = Tkacz | first1 = Ewaryst | last2 = Kapczynski | first2 = Adrian | title = Internet - Technical Development and Applications | publisher = Springer | year = 2009 | page = 255 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=a9_NJIBC87gC&amp;dq | accessdate = 2011-03-28 | isbn = 978-3642050183 | quote = The first pilot system was installing in Tesco in the UK (first demonstrated in 1979 by Michael Aldrich).}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1981: [[Thomson Holidays]], UK is first B2B online shopping{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}}
* 1982: [[Minitel]] was introduced nationwide in [[France]] by [[France Telecom]] and used for online ordering.
* 1984: [[Gateshead]] SIS/[[Tesco]] is first B2C online shopping and Mrs Snowball, 72, is the first online home shopper&lt;ref name=&quot;Finding Mrs Snowball&quot;&gt;{{cite web|last=Aldrich|first=Michael|url=http://www.aldricharchive.com/snowball.html|title=Finding Mrs Snowball|accessdate=8 March 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1984: In April 1984, [[CompuServe]] launches the Electronic Mall in the USA and Canada. It is the first comprehensive electronic commerce service.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.gsbrown.org/compuserve/electronic-mall-1984-04/ |title=Online Today, The Electronic Mall|publisher= CIS/CompuServe nostalgia}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1985: [[Nissan]] UK sells cars and finance with credit checking to customers online from dealers' lots.{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}}
* 1987: [[Swreg]] begins to provide software and shareware authors means to sell their products online through an electronic [[Merchant account]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2010}}
* 1990: [[Tim Berners-Lee]] writes the first web browser, [[WorldWideWeb]], using a [[NeXTSTEP|NeXT]] computer.
* 1992: Terry Brownell launches first fully graphical, iconic navigated [[Bulletin board system]] online shopping using [[RoboBOARD/FX]].
* 1994: [[Netscape Communications Corporation|Netscape]] releases the Navigator browser in October under the code name [[Mozilla]]. [[Pizza Hut]] offers online ordering on its Web page. The first online bank opens. Attempts to offer flower delivery and magazine subscriptions online. [[Pornographic|Adult]] materials also become commercially available, as do cars and bikes.  [[Netscape Navigator|Netscape]] 1.0 is introduced in late 1994 [[Secure Sockets Layer|SSL]] encryption that made transactions secure.
* 1995: Thursday 27 April 1995, the purchase of a book by Paul Stanfield, Product Manager for [[CompuServe]] UK, from [[W H Smith]]’s shop within CompuServe’s UK Shopping Centre is the UK’s first national online shopping service secure transaction. The shopping service at launch featured [[WH Smith]], [[Tesco]], [[Virgin]]/[[Our Price]], Great Universal Stores/[[GUS]], [[Interflora]], [[Dixons Retail]], Past Times, [[PC World (retailer)]] and Innovations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://m-ybooks.co.uk/news-imrg07.htm|title=IMRG Special Report - £100 bn spent online since 1995 |publisher= IMRG}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 1995: Jeff Bezos launches [[Amazon.com]] and the first commercial-free 24 hour, internet-only radio stations, Radio HK and [[NetRadio]] start broadcasting. [[Dell, Inc.|Dell]] and [[Cisco Systems|Cisco]] begin to aggressively use Internet for commercial transactions. [[eBay]] is founded by computer programmer Pierre Omidyar as AuctionWeb.
* 1998: [[Electronic stamp|Electronic postal stamps]] can be purchased and downloaded for printing from the Web.
* 1998: [[Alibaba Group]] is established in China.
* 1999: [[Business.com]] sold for US $7.5 million to eCompanies, which was purchased in 1997 for US $149,000. The peer-to-peer filesharing software [[Napster]] launches. [[ATG Stores]] launches to sell decorative items for the home online.
* 2000: The [[dot-com bust]].
* 2001: [[Alibaba Group|Alibaba.com]] achieved profitability in December 2001.
* 2002: [[eBay]] acquires [[PayPal]] for $1.5 billion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://investor.ebay.com/releasedetail.cfm?ReleaseID=84142|title=eBay acquires PayPal |publisher= eBay}}&lt;/ref&gt; Niche retail companies [[Wayfair]] and [[NetShops]] are founded with the concept of selling products through several targeted domains, rather than a central portal.
* 2003: [[Amazon.com]] posts first yearly profit.
* 2004: [[DHgate.com]], China's first online b2b transaction platform, is established, forcing other b2b sites to move away from the &quot;yellow pages&quot; model.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.zwgl.com.cn/article_info.asp?nid=4243|title=Diane Wang: Rounding up the &quot;Ant&quot; Heroes|publisher= Sino Foreign Management|accessdate=2011-09-03}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2005: [[Yuval Tal]] founds Payoneer- a secure online payment distribution solution
* 2007: [[Business.com]] acquired by [[R.H. Donnelley]] for $345 million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://domainnamewire.com/2007/07/26/rh-donnelley-acquires-businesscom-for-345m/ |title=R.H. Donnelley Acquires Business.com for $345M |publisher=Domain Name Wire |date= |accessdate=2011-09-04}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2009: [[Zappos.com]] acquired by [[Amazon.com]] for $928 million.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://techcrunch.com/2009/07/22/amazon-buys-zappos/|title=Press Release |publisher= TechCrunch}}&lt;/ref&gt; Retail Convergence, operator of private sale website RueLaLa.com, acquired by [[GSI Commerce]] for $180 million, plus up to $170 million in earn-out payments based on performance through 2012.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSBNG53538820091027/|title=Press Release |publisher= Reuters | date=October 27, 2009}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2010: [[Groupon]] reportedly rejects a $6 billion offer from [[Google]]. Instead, the group buying websites plans to go ahead with an IPO in mid-2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/40499923/ns/business-us_business/|title=Press Release |publisher=MSNBC}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2011: Quidsi.com, parent company of [[Diapers.com]], acquired by [[Amazon.com]] for $500 million in cash plus $45 million in debt and other obligations.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/amazon-buys-diaperscom-parent-in-545-mln-deal-2010-11-08/|title=Press Release|publisher= MarketWatch}}&lt;/ref&gt;  [[GSI Commerce]], a company specializing in creating, developing and running online shopping sites for [[brick and mortar business]]es, acquired by [[eBay]] for $2.4 billion.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://techcrunch.com/2011/03/28/ebay-to-acquire-gsi-commerce-for-2-4-billion//|title=Press Release|publisher= TechCrunch}}&lt;/ref&gt;
* 2012: US eCommerce and Online Retail sales projected to reach $226 billion, an increase of 12 percent over 2011.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.forrester.com/US+Online+Retail+Forecast+2011+To+2016/fulltext/-/E-RES60672?docid=60672/|title=US Online Retail Forecast, 2011 To 2016|publisher= Forrester Research, Inc.}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Business applications==
[[File:Automated online assistant.png|thumb|200px|An example of an [[automated online assistant]] on a merchandising website.]]
Some common applications related to electronic commerce are the following:
* [[Document automation]] in [[supply chain]] and [[logistics]]
* Domestic and international [[payment system]]s
* [[Enterprise content management]]
* [[Group buying]]
* [[Automated online assistant]]s
* [[Instant messaging]]
* [[Newsgroups]]
* [[Online shopping]] and order tracking
* [[Online banking]]
* [[Online office suite]]s
* [[Shopping cart software]]
* [[Teleconferencing]]
* [[Electronic ticket]]s

==Governmental regulation==
In the United States, some electronic commerce activities are regulated by the [[Federal Trade Commission]] (FTC).  These activities include the use of commercial e-mails, online advertising and consumer [[privacy]].  The [[CAN-SPAM Act of 2003]] establishes national standards for direct marketing over e-mail. The [[Federal Trade Commission Act]] regulates all forms of advertising, including online advertising, and states that advertising must be truthful and non-deceptive.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url= http://www.ftc.gov/bcp/conline/pubs/buspubs/ruleroad.shtm |title= Advertising and Marketing on the Internet: Rules of the Road |publisher= [[Federal Trade Commission]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; Using its authority under Section 5 of the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair or deceptive practices, the FTC has brought a number of cases to enforce the promises in corporate privacy statements, including promises about the security of consumers’ personal information.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url= http://www.ftc.gov/privacy/privacyinitiatives/promises.html |title= Enforcing Privacy Promises: Section 5 of the FTC Act |publisher= [[Federal Trade Commission]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; As result, any corporate privacy policy related to e-commerce activity may be subject to enforcement by the FTC.

The Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008, which came into law in 2008, amends the [[Controlled Substances Act]] to address [[Online pharmacy|online pharmacies]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url= http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h110-6353&amp;tab=summary |title= H.R. 6353: Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008 |publisher= [[Govtrack]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Internationally''' there is the International Consumer Protection and Enforcement Network (ICPEN), which was formed in 1991 from an informal network of government customer fair trade organisations. The purpose was stated as being to find ways of co-operating on tackling consumer problems connected with cross-border transactions in both goods and services, and to help ensure exchanges of information among the participants for mutual benefit and understanding. From this came econsumer, as an initiative of ICPEN since April 2001. www.econsumer.gov is a portal to report complaints about online and related transactions with foreign companies.
 
There is also '''Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation''' (APEC) was established in 1989 with the vision of achieving stability, security and prosperity for the region through free and open trade and investment. APEC has an Electronic Commerce Stearing Group as well as working on common privacy regulations throughout the APEC region.
 
In '''Australia''', Trade is covered under [[Australian Treasury Guidelines for electronic commerce]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url= http://www.treasury.gov.au/documents/1083/HTML/docshell.asp?URL=australian_guidelines_for_electronic_commerce.htm |title=Australian Treasury Guidelines for electronic commerce|publisher= [[Australian Federal Government]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and the [[Australian Competition and Consumer Commission]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url= http://www.accc.gov.au/ |title=Australian Competition and Consumer Commission |publisher= [[Australian Federal Government]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; regulates and offers advice on how to [[deal with businesses online]],&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url=http://www.accc.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/54056 |title=Dealing with Businesses Online in Australia |publisher= [[Australian Federal Government]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; and offers specific advice on [[what happens if things go wrong.]].&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url= http://www.accc.gov.au/content/index.phtml/itemId/815341|title=What to do if thing go wrong in Australia|publisher= [[Australian Federal Government]]}}&lt;/ref&gt;
 
Also [[Australian government ecommerce website]]&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web| url= http://www.digitalbusiness.gov.au|title=Australian government ecommerce website |publisher= [[Australian Federal Government]]}}&lt;/ref&gt; provides information on ecommerce in Australia.

==Forms==
Contemporary electronic commerce involves everything from ordering &quot;digital&quot; content for immediate online consumption, to ordering conventional goods and services, to &quot;meta&quot; services to facilitate other types of electronic commerce.

On the institutional level, big corporations and financial institutions use the internet to exchange financial data to facilitate domestic and international business. Data integrity and security are very hot and pressing issues for electronic commerce.

==Global trends==
Business models across the world also continue to change drastically with the advent of eCommerce and this change is not just restricted to USA. Other countries are also contributing to the growth of eCommerce. For example, the United Kingdom  has the biggest e-commerce market in the world when measured by the amount spent per capita, even higher than the USA. The [[internet economy]] in UK is likely to grow by 10% between 2010 and 2015. This has led to changing dynamics for the advertising industry&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2010/oct/28/net-worth-100bn-uk/|title=news|publisher=Guardian.co.uk | location=London|first=James|last=Robinson|date=2010-10-28}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amongst emerging economies, China's eCommerce presence continues to expand. With 384 million internet users,China's online shopping sales rose to $36.6 billion in 2009 and one of the reasons behind the huge growth has been the improved trust level for shoppers. The Chinese retailers have been able to help consumers feel more comfortable shopping online.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.forbes.com/2010/01/18/china-internet-commerce-markets-equities-alibaba.html/|title= China's migration to eCommerce|newspaper=Forbes.com|date=January 18, 2010|first=Robert|last=Olsen}}&lt;/ref&gt; eCommerce is also expanding across the Middle East. Having recorded the world’s fastest growth in internet usage between 2000 and 2009, the region is now home to more than 60 million internet users. Retail, travel and gaming are the region’s top eCommerce segments, in spite of difficulties such as the lack of region-wide legal frameworks and logistical problems in cross-border transportation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.thomaswhite.com/explore-the-world/postcard/2012/middle-east-online-retail.aspx |title= Now a Digital Mall Boom in the Middle East &amp;#124; Thomas White International |publisher=Thomaswhite.com |date=2012-01-06}}&lt;/ref&gt; E-Commerce has become an important tool for businesses worldwide not only to sell to customers but also to engage them.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite journal |last1=Eisingerich |first1=Andreas B. |last2=Kretschmer |first2=Tobias |year=2008 |title=In E-Commerce, More is More |journal=Harvard Business Review |volume=86 (March) |pages=20–21 |url=http://hbr.org/2008/03/in-e-commerce-more-is-more/ar/1  }}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Impact on markets and retailers==
Economists have theorized that e-commerce ought to lead to intensified price [[competition (economics)|competition]], as it increases consumers' ability to gather information about products and prices. Research by four economists at the University of Chicago has found that the growth of online shopping has also affected industry structure in two areas that have seen significant growth in e-commerce, [[book selling|bookshops]] and [[travel agencies]]. Generally, larger firms have grown at the expense of smaller ones, as they are able to use [[economies of scale]] and offer lower prices. The lone exception to this pattern has been the very smallest category of bookseller, shops with between one and four employees, which appear to have withstood the trend.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news|title=Economics focus: The click and the dead|url=http://www.economist.com/node/16478931|newspaper=The Economist|date=July 3–9, 2010|page=78}}&lt;/ref&gt;

==Distribution channels==
E-commerce has grown in importance as companies have adopted Pure-Click and [[Bricks and clicks|Brick and Click]] channel systems. We can distinguish between pure-click and brick and click channel system adopted by companies.

* Pure-Click companies are those that have launched a website without any previous existence as a firm. It is imperative that such companies must set up and operate their e-commerce websites very carefully. Customer service is of paramount importance.
* Brick and Click companies are those existing companies that have added an online site for e-commerce. Initially, Brick and Click companies were skeptical whether or not to add an online e-commerce channel for fear that selling their products might produce channel conflict with their off-line retailers, agents, or their own stores. However, they eventually added internet to their distribution channel portfolio after seeing how much business their online competitors were generating.


====Forms of E-commerce==== 

In digital age, old type marketers cleared away from consumer; instead, electronic commerce comes into our life. Email marketing is a one-to-one communication which sends offer, ads, reminder or other items to consumers. It can be personalized and flexible. Consumers can easily be reached anytime and anyplace. Although it is trashed a lot, e-mail still can be used in effective way to provide interactive links, streaming video, and a large amount of information to consumers. Kiosk marketing is now widely used by companies to dispense actual products. It serves consumers almost everywhere from hotel, airport, grocery store and campus. For example, consumers can use check-in devices rather than standing in line and waiting for personal help to get boarding passes; they can use DVD rental machine to select on a touch screen to get favorite movies. As mentioned above, online business market is the fastest-growing form of E-commerce. Widespread use of the Internet is having a large impact on both buyers and seller. In sections below, we will talk about more details of how online business affects the market. 
 
====Portals====

As one of the most important online business method, portal offers a starting point for users to find, search, and access specific subjects. Portals are most generally considered to be websites that provide access to information, services, and other websites. Moreover, portals can take on many variations and offer an infinite number of specialties. There are both general portals that provide a starting point for a broad offering of topics, but there are also specific niche portals that focus just on a particular topic. The consensus general portals include Google, Yahoo, Bing, AOL, Lycos, and others. These few dominate the portal market in terms of market share, number of users, and hit count. There is no need for special access to connect with those portals but they are open to anyone. Examples of a niche portal are GolfNow.com, which specializes in golf course tee time reservations; Fishing.com, which caters to fishing enthusiasts; and DoItYourself.com, which specializes in home improvement forums. In addition, the most famaous one must be Facebook.com. At first, Facebook.com was only spread among college students; but shortly afterward, more and more people join it. Until now, Facebook.com becomes an indispensable social network in our life.There are countless more examples of specialized niche portals, but the basic premise holds true that they all serve as a starting point for users and consumers. The major advantage that portals offer users is their ability to provide a wealth of information in an organized fashion. This has always been difficult before the widespread use of the internet because information was often highly fragmented among many different providers. 

====Direct Marketing====

There is another market structure which comprise of the product and service providers dealing directly with their customers when it ultimately comes to the business transactions. Many of the businesses that fall into this category are extensions of their brick and mortar roots. Target.com is a good example of offering the same products, and often more, that can be found at their physical locations. However, product and service providers have emerged that conduct business only over the internet and do not have any physical locations for business transaction. This has allowed for an unprecedented number of competitors to enter markets on a global level. It has also increased product offerings to fill niche markets that have been difficult to capture before the widespread use of the internet. Sometimes it is very hard for international consumers to find what they want; if companies create their websites with clear data and even make a secondary data for other countries with their domestic language, it will be benefit for both companies and consumers.

B Mahadevan. &quot;Business Models for Internet based E-Commerce An Anatomy&quot;. California Management Review. Summer 2000. Vol 4, No. 4.

====Online Business Models====

There are four major types of online business. They include B2C(business-to-consumer), B2B(business-to-business), C2C(consumer-to-consumer), C2B(consumer-to-business). The most common one is business-to-consumer online business-business that selling goods and services online to consumers. With this model, consumers can get almost anything by just typing some words and clicks without going out. More importantly, online stores now influence more and more retail sales. Marketers are now hiring integrated multichannel strategies that use the Web to drive sales to other marketing channels. Other than traditional markets, online markets offer consumers more freedom and control about their time and interests. They can select which web site they want to visit, what to compare with and how much information they need. 

Another popular type is business-to-business online business. Business-to-business (B2B) describes commerce transactions between businesses, such as between a manufacturer and a wholesaler, or between a wholesaler and a retailer. It uses web sites, e-mail, pictures and other online resources to target business customers, serve current customers more effectively, and obtain buying efficiencies and better prices. Besides simply selling products online, companies also can build better relationships with business consumers and partners.

More and more consumer-to-consumer online businesses are founded on the Internet, which means consumers can buy or exchange goods or services from other consumers on the Internet platform. Since this is between consumers, both buyers and sellers will have more freedom and choices such as they can discuss about price, shipping method to match their willing. The most difference with B2C model is that anything could be discussed and made a change. Moreover, a large number of people have items which are set aside for a long time and may never be used anymore; and then those people could become sellers and resell their items to people who need them with a lower than brand-new price. In this way, both sides could get benefits. 

The final type is consumer-to-business online business. Consumer-to-business (C2B) is a business model in which consumers (individuals) create value, and firms consume this value. Traditional marketing method has a block between consumers and business. Even if consumers have some good suggestions and ideas, they cannot really send them to companies directly. For example, when a consumer writes reviews, or when a consumers gives a useful idea for new product development, then this individual is creating value to the firm, if the firm adopts the input. Excepted concepts are crowd sourcing and co-creation. The C2B online business provides a chance for consumers to reflect their feedbacks to companies via web sites. Rather than waiting for an invitation, consumers can reach sellers on web to get their information and provides own reviews. Consumers can even drive transactions with businesses, rather than other ways. 


Online stores are thought to give consumers more choice and comparative information about companies, products and competitors. Sometimes browsing information on websites can provide more details about products, alleviating search costs for the consumer and yielding more symmetrical pricing information. For example, Amazon.com offers a wide range of products including clothing items, books, electronics and so on. When consumers search for their needs, the system produces many related items based on consumers previous searching so that consumers can choose the most appropriate item by comparing with different sellers and prices. Without dealing with salespeople, customers can settle their own activities and interests toward their needs and wants; and they may get more information in more useful forms than the retail salesperson can. As we all know, sometimes salespeople like to be pushy, deceitful and unorganized. Consumers do not have to worry any of these problems since they are shopping online and self selecting by own.

=== Business Value Creation ===

* Improved access to more information
* Lower search costs
* Consolidation of resources
* Lower overhead costs
* Lower transaction costs
* Strategic relationships
* Value chain integration

In business, strategic relationships are an explicit asset to the firm.  Utilizing web-enabled technologies can create strategic resources for e-businesses. Strategic resources are defined as resources that have increased value to a firm compared to the next best alternative. They can come in the form of network resources or resources that are unique to the firm. They are valuable in that they unite a variety of competitive advantages which individual firms each enjoy to make the process of doing business more efficient. The absence of strategic alliances makes doing business more costly, less efficient, and more susceptible to internal error, especially for smaller internet based firms. Furthermore, strategic alliances allow small market players to compete with bigger competitors by working with other companies, or even with the competitors themselves through structured contract agreements. 

Online business is a powerful tool for building customer relationships. Unlike retailer store, some companies only hold online business. Therefore, by interacting with consumers online, sellers can understand individual consumer’s need and then garner a personalized relationship with them. After they have a stable relationship with consumers, they can collect consumers’ feedback by contacting with them by phone, email, or online survey. With that information, sellers can make a better marketing decisions to target more cost and high-speed platform for sellers.&lt;ref&gt;[[Inbound Marketing insights]]: [https://www.inbound.blog/ Inbound.blog] [[Inbound.blog]], Issue 26, May 2023&lt;/ref&gt; Without a retail store, sellers do not have to invest a large amount of capital to pay for rent, utilities and too many staff. Thereby, except for storage fee, sellers can spend more on advertising and staff training. Online business also gives sellers access to buyers that they could not reach by proximity. Due to geographical limitation, it would be difficult for sellers to target consumers outside their local market without the internet. At this time, sellers can use the internet to expand their business.

Value chain integration makes the steps of the value chain more efficient. The value chain is a business’s operating processes. The traditional value chain was defined by Porter in 1985 and includes inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. These five dimensions were developed with a traditional brick and mortar business and mind, but they can be applied in varying degrees to e-business. By integrating the components of the value chain, companies can make their services easier to access, use, and operate. Many market makers and internet businesses have grown because of their value chain integration. Rather than having multiple functions operated and controlled by different sources, companies can vertically integrate themselves to capture markets of scale.  

Information service providers such as Google and Yahoo add value to the large quantities of data available on the internet, specifically on open networks. This data would otherwise not have the same reach and availability without these providers. This value is achieved through integrated business operations, information searches, customer profiling, business brokerage, investment advice, purchasing tips, customer reviews, and web-enabled comparisons. Companies that operate on a smaller scale are good examples of beneficiaries of doing business with service providers. Additionally, large companies also have agreements with providers in order to gain more exposure to consumers and increase the value of their offerings. 

An interesting observation that Norwegian economists Christensen and Methlie make is that those enterprises that report that e-business has led to reductions in lead times, number of intermediaries, erroneous or returned goods, and/or costs, also report some increase in sales revenues, as well as reduction in number of employees. Profitability, however, is generally unchanged in these firms. It is important to acknowledge that their research was conducted in early 2003, which makes it possible for new developments in technology and trends in e-commerce to develop that may challenge the validity of that observation for e-businesses in 2009.

=== Future of E-Commerce ===

As we mentioned earlier, e-commerce allows for many new interactions, exchanges, and markets for both consumers and suppliers that differ from traditional brick and mortar options. In order for e-commerce to work, consumers must have access to and know how to access services on the internet. Consumers need to understand how the sites work and how to use them. They also need to have reliable security when dealing with sensitive information, information that often enables a transaction to occur. In order to address these concerns, business and web designers have attempted to create and engineer platforms that simulate traditional shopping. They believe that by doing this they are able to recreate aspects of the long accustomed social interactions of shopping offline. A German e-commerce professor believes that that once IT is introduced into the shopping process, the emphasis is taken away from a social context and makes consumers more resistant to shopping online. One of the challenges that needs tackling in the near future is how to integrate the social context into the development of any user-oriented systems. Professor Schummer argues that while e-commerce applications aim at easing the process of shopping by simulating real world experiences, these applications lack the integration of social factors in their attempted simulations. In a study done by Professor Schummer and his team, he discovered that 90% of shoppers value communication and social interaction during their shopping experience. Most online shopping interfaces operate in 2D, which can make navigation, comprehension, and use difficult for many inexperienced users. Therefore, many believe that the future of e-commerce will need to incorporate more social context and increased offline shopping simulation in order to accommodate for the vast number of new online consumers. 

In order to deliver the social context that shoppers are accustomed to and demand, e-commerce may incorporate 3D graphics that simulate being in a traditional shopping environment. The graphics would be comparable to what is seen and used in many 3D video games. To give an idea of what this would look like, picture a shopper being able to “walk” from store to store, window shop, and decide which stores he or she wants to enter. Once in the store, the shopper sees products organized in a similar fashion to a typical store whether by department, brand, product description, or other means. These features would be flexible with a degree of customization available to the shopper so that they can see what they want the way they want to see it. Although this vision is highly speculative, increased technology would make 3D representation easier to integrate and incorporate in e-commerce and still reach a broad consumer segment.

This is one interpretation of the future of online shopping in the large context of e-commerce. More and more people are gaining access to the internet and are learning how to maximize their utility with these new options. I do not believe that the 3D marketplace will completely eclipse the established 2D design of current commerce platforms. Yet, increased technological progress may enable providers to utilize new and innovative ways to capture the growing internet consumer population.


Maamar, Zakaria. “Commerce, E-Commerce, and M-Commerce: What Comes Next?” Communications of the ACM. Dec 2003. Vol 46. 251-258

Timmers, Paul. “Business Models for Electronic Markets”. Journal of Electronic Markets. Vol. 8 – No. 2. 1998

Christensen, Gunner and Leif B. Methlie. “Value Creation in eBusiness: Exploring the Impacts of Internet-Enabled Business Conduct”. Norweigen School of Economics and Business Administration. Norway. 2003


====E-Commerce Streams====


In order to conduct successful e-commerce, a company needs to focus on three main factors of business. These factors are usually referred to as “streams”. The three main streams of successful e-commerce are “value stream”, “revenue stream”, and “logistical stream”. Although each of these streams deals with a different aspect of business, all three are vital to the success of a company – internet based or not.
 
The first stream a company needs to focus on is the value stream. The value stream is your source for the entire process in your business plan. While this may not sound like much of a “stream” a value stream, by definition, consists of all the steps in a process that a customer is willing to pay in order to bring a product or service from the supplier to its final destination.  Thus, as each step is completed along the path from raw material to finished product to the consumer, it is as if the entire process is floating down a stream. In order to track the process, companies will use what is referred to as “{{w|value stream mapping}}” to identify each individual process and timeline that it will take to get the product from them to their customer. These processes can consist of the factors for obtaining raw materials, taking those raw materials and creating the product, shipping the product to the supplier/warehouse/distribution center, and getting that product to the customer. Oftentimes, companies need to begin tracking all the way back at the initial manufacturer, especially for custom made products. Thus, the value stream mapping can become very large and complex. As we will discuss later, this can be very beneficial for a company attempting to save money and cut costs.

Different aspects by which to track value mapping can include any of the following:


•	Information management – order processing, purchasing

•	Physical Transformation – materials, logistics, production

•	Intellectual Property – improvement ideas, designs, project management


By placing emphasis on these areas of value mapping, a company can help focus on the details of their business and manage the project more effectively. 

While value streams may seem costly, the robustness of the value stream is valuable to the long term viability of the company and can benefit both the customer and the supplier. As a result of value mapping, the customer can experience reduced search and transaction costs. This is because when a customer purchases a product, not only are they paying for the materials that make the product, but the machines, labor, storage and transportation that are associated with making that product. A way to think of this is that the customer would have to spend more time searching for a product physically whereas it can be just a few clicks away with the help of the internet. Furthermore, the transaction costs are cut down through value mapping in e-commerce due to the fact that the product is passed through less hands between the manufacturer and the customer. This is because when a customer purchases a product, not only are they paying for the materials that make the product, but the machines, labor, storage and transportation that are associated with making that product. With e-commerce and value mapping, costs for storage and transportation from manufacturing to the customer are limited which cuts out many of the “middle man costs”. Cutting out these middle man costs is what is known as “{{w|disintermediation}}”. This is perhaps the biggest benefit of e-commerce.
 
Dis-intermediation is essentially “cutting out the middle man”. As stated earlier, there are a lot of locations a product can end up before going to the customer. In addition to cutting out transaction costs, a company is able to leave out links in the supply chain such as distributors, wholesalers, brokers and agents by using dis-intermediation. This has been seen in quite a few e-commerce markets such as computer software, travel agencies, book/music stores, as well as stock purchasing.  Attempts in dis-intermediation have been made in the supermarket industry Safeway [http://shop.safeway.com/superstore/default.asp?brandid=1&amp;page=corphome&amp;cmpid=search_online_grocery_safeway] has attempted to take grocery shopping online, so far to little avail), pet care [http://www.petcarerx.com/pcrx/Default.aspx], and even alcohol sales, and real estate. Most of these endeavors have failed (or are failing), while others are still being fine tuned to perfect the e-commerce side of the industry.

With business models designed around one stop shopping and online advertising in websites, the search costs are pretty self explanatory (all of the products available at one location on the website) while the reduced transaction costs are the result of going directly to the company in addition to the transportation contract that most websites have in place with a delivery company. Suppliers see the benefit by attracting more customers, as well as lower promotion costs that result from a reduced marketing cost to launch new products.

Much of what was discussed in value stream and value mapping is related to the logistical stream. The logistical stream accounts for anything involved in the “supply-chain management” portion of e-commerce. This involves purchasing the raw materials as well as anything involving transportation of the product or service to the customer. 
Examples of how logistic stream would be used in e-commerce can be identified with many of the purchasing websites we view online. Take www.nike.com for instance. At nike.com, a customer can purchase all of the company’s products online and submit an order with a delivery address. The company (Nike, in this case) then receives the customer’s order and begins tracking down all of the products ordered. The company will search all of their factories and warehouses for the product and allocate all of the items to a common location. From there, the items are bundled and packaged together and are prepped for shipping. The company then has to provide for the order to be shipped from the common location to the final delivery address where it will end up in the hands of the customer who placed the order. 

The next stream a company needs to look into is the revenue stream. A revenue stream is how money comes to a company. These can be characterized by their volatility, predictability, risk and return. There are many examples of revenue streams. Amy Shuen does a good job of describing the types of revenue streams in her book “Web 2.0: A Strategy Guide”. Shuen goes on to identify six types of revenue streams, which are: subscription, advertisement, transaction fees, volume and unit selling, syndication and franchise, along with sponsorship and co-marketing.
Revenue streams can be seen in e-commerce in each of the types that Shuen describes in her book. Subscriptions are common for internet based sites. ESPN[http://espn.go.com/]charges members to become “insiders” while you can’t buy anything off eBay without having a member account. Advertising on Webpages is very common. Many sites such as Facebook [www.facebook.com] and even search engines like Google [www.google.com] charge companies to advertise on their pages. Syndication and franchising are forms of revenue because a website will begin to charge to release their information on other sites. You can see examples of this from the Associated Press being leaked to many news sites such as CNN and Bloomberg.

B Mahadevan. &quot;Business Models for Internet based E-Commerce An Anatomy&quot;. California Management Review. Summer 2000. Vol 4, No. 4.

====Amazon====


Amazon.com, Inc. (Template:NASDAQ) is an American multinational e-commerce company with headquarters in Seattle, Washington, United States. It is the world's largest online retailer.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|last=Jopson |first=Barney |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/61828252-ac1d-11e0-b85c-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1RxkefD8m |title=Amazon urges California referendum on online tax |publisher=FT.com |date=2011-07-12 |accessdate=2011-08-04}}&lt;/ref&gt; The company also produces consumer electronics - notably the Amazon Kindle e-book reader - and is a major provider of cloud computing services.

Amazon has separate retail websites for the following countries: United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Japan and China, with international shipping to certain other countries for some of its products. It is also expected to launch its websites in Poland,&lt;ref name=&quot;wp-polska&quot;&gt;{{cite web | url=http://tech.wp.pl/kat,1009785,title,Amazon-wkrotce-w-Polsce,wid,13924137,wiadomosc.html?ticaid=1db8d | title=Amazon wkrótce w Polsce | publisher=Wirtualna Polska | date=2011-10-24 | accessdate=January 11, 2012}}&lt;/ref&gt; Netherlands and Sweden.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/09/14/amazon-spain-idUSS1E78D1XR20110914 &quot;Amazon Spain launch may presage new overseas push&quot;], Reuters, Sept 14, 2011.&lt;/ref&gt; 

Jeff Bezos incorporated the company (as Cadabra) in July 1994, and the site went online as amazon.com in 1995.&lt;ref name=byers&gt;Ann Byers (2006). ''Jeff Bezos: the founder of Amazon.com'', The Rosen Publishing Group. See [http://books.google.com/books?id=Nz43wixr2IcC&amp;pg=PA47 pg. 46-47]&lt;/ref&gt;   Amazon.com started as an online bookstore, but soon diversified, selling DVDs, CDs, MP3 downloads, software, video games, electronics, apparel, furniture, food, toys, and jewelry.

In 15 years, Amazon has become one of the best-known names on the internet. Amazon.com is a typical business to consumer (B2C) network for people to get almost anything they want online-from books, clothing, cameras to furnitures and cars. Until June 30, 2006, typing ToysRUs.com into a browser would similarly bring up Amazon.com's &quot;Toys &amp; Games&quot; tab; however, this relationship was terminated due to a lawsuit.&lt;ref name=&quot;ect&quot;&gt;E-Commerce Times: [http://www.ecommercetimes.com/story/49188.html Toys 'R' Us wins right to end Amazon partnership.], March 3, 2006&lt;/ref&gt; Amazon also hosted and managed the website for Borders bookstores but this ceased in 2008.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/20080527/borders-amazon-barnes-noble-web-online-store-retailer.htm |title=Borders Returns to Online Sales, Drops Amazon |work= International Business Times |author=Diane Oswald |date=27 May 2008}}&lt;/ref&gt; From its inception until August 2011, Amazon hosted the retail website for Target.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Target Launches Redesigned E-Commerce Website|url=http://pressroom.target.com/pr/news/target-launches-redesigned-e-commerce-aug2011.aspx|work=target.com|publisher=Target Corporation|accessdate=10 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt; Benefit Cosmetics, another merchant partner of Amazon, has also launched a major E-Commerce platform of their own based on Hybris and arvato systems NA, in the US, EU and China.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite web|title=Benefit Cosmetics launches new ecommerce website in the US powered by hybris|url=http://www.hybris.com/news-events/press-releases/benefits-cosmetics-2011|work=benefitcosmetics.com|publisher=Benefit Cosmetics|accessdate=10 September 2011}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Amazon.com operates retail web sites for Sears Canada, bebe Stores, Timex, Marks &amp; Spencer, Mothercare, and Lacoste. For a growing number of enterprise clients, currently including the UK merchants Marks &amp; Spencer, Benefit Cosmetics' UK entity, edeals.com, and Mothercare, Amazon provides a unified multichannel platform where a customer can seamlessly interact with some people that they call the retail website, standalone in-store terminals, or phone-based customer service agents. Amazon Web Services also powers AOL's Shop@AOL.

On October 18, 2011, Amazon.com announced a partnership with DC Comics for the exclusive digital rights to many popular comics, including Superman, Batman, Green Lantern, The Sandman, and Watchmen. The partnership has caused well-known bookstores like Barnes &amp; Noble to remove these titles from their shelves. These titles will be available for purchase exclusively through Amazon's new Kindle Fire tablet.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/19/technology/bookstores-drop-comics-after-amazon-deal-with-dc.html?_r=1&amp;ref=technology | work=The New York Times | first=David | last=Streitfeld | title=Bookstores Drop Comics After Amazon Deal With DC | date=2011-10-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

Many analysts vew Amazon.com as the model for business in the digital age. They predict that it will one day become the Wal-Mart of the Internet. From the start, Amazon.com has grown explosively. Its annual sales have skyrocketed from a modest $150 million in 1997 to more than $19 billion today. In only the past five years, despite the recent shaky economy, its sales have more than tripled. Although it tool Amazon.com eight years to turn its first full-year profit in 2003, profits have since surged more than 18-fold. One study estimates that 52 percent of all consumers who went to the Internet to shop last year started at Amazon.com. Fifty percent of Amazon.com's sales come from overseas:&lt;ref name=Marketing&gt;{{cite book|last=Armstrong|last=Kotler|title=Marketing|year=2012|publisher=Prentice Hall|location=Upper Saddle River, New Jersy|page=443}}&lt;/ref&gt;

There are many features that are created for offering personalized communication between each consumer and Amazon.com. For example, the Amazon.com Web site greets customers with their own personalized home pages. Based on products you checked lately and frequently, the site shows a &quot;Recommended for you,&quot; which prepares personalized product recommendations and your browsing history so that even if you closed webpage unguardedly, you will not lost your favorite items. Sometimes you collect products from different sellers, and then you can choose to package all the products together and ship them to save your time and money. Amazon allows users to submit reviews to the web page of each product. Reviewers must rate the product on a rating scale from one to five stars. As with most rating scales, one star stands for the product being abysmal, five stars meaning that the item is stellar. Amazon provides a badging option for reviewers which indicate the real name of the reviewer (based on confirmation of a credit card account) or which indicate that the reviewer is one of the top reviewers by popularity. Customers may comment or vote on the reviews, indicating whether or not they found it helpful to them. If a review is given enough &quot;helpful&quot; hits, it appears on the front page of the product. All these features are offered to satisfy consumers.

Amazon.com not only provides a wide range of items to choose, but also let consumers spend time to look, learn and discover. Amazon becomes a kind of online community, in which consumers can look for products, share their experiences with other people, and evaluate sellers. In this way, Amazon.com offers sellers a platform to sell their items, and the same time founds personalized customer relationships and satisfies their online shopping experience. Amazon.com is constantly developing the Web by creating more selections, enhancing its secure system, and making more convenience in order to become proper to international market.

====EBay====
Today, eBay is among the most popular online auction websites.

In 1994, eBay was created in San Jose, Ca., miles from the west coast financial hub of San Francisco. The young entrepreneur Pierre Omidyar, a previous software developer for Apple computers, wrote a code that would revolutionize the future of the internet world. One year later, a company by the name of eBay surfaced. eBay, an American online auction and shopping website, allows people to buy and sell anything worldwide with a click of a mouse. Over the years, eBay has developed into the pioneer web auction site, whose competition is seemingly nonexistent.

The website, www.ebay.com, acts as a consumer to consumer (C2C) network for people to sell their products to one another. This allows people to recover some or even all of the sunk cost they paid for the product when they originally bought it. If the product is valuable enough, the seller can actually end up turning a profit from the original purchase. With this option, sellers set a time limit on the product and the bidding war begins. During this process, any user that is a member of the online community can place a bid on the product during the duration of the process. 

Online payment is also very practical and convenient because most money transactions go through PayPal [https://www.paypal.com/]; an e-commerce business partner adjoined with Ebay. This allows payments and money transfers to be made through the internet. Paypal can be linked with checking accounts, debit cards, and credit cards. Although many people may be nervous releasing such information, all information is said to be secure through PayPal. In the unlikely event that there is a discrepancy with any transaction, one can always a dispute his or her case. Paypal can solve problems by acting as a neutral mediator. 
Also, there are many counterfeit items in eBay such as designer clothes, handbags and etc. Once a buyer has found out that whatever he/she received is a counterfeit item, PayPal can be a neutral mediator and solve problems by requiring the original receipt from the seller. Sometimes, a buyer can dispute it by filing a police report, but this is only in really rare cases. Secured protection shows that eBay and PayPal are ultimate business partners for e-commerce.

In addition to the online auctions that are conducted, some sellers in eBay provide a ‘Buy It Now’ or ‘Make an Offer’ option. These options mean that one can always compare a certain price of a good with its given retail price to find the best product for the best possible value. For instance, one of the most popular retail shoe stores, FOOT LOCKER, has a large selection of shoes. While there is a wide variety of shoes, many of them can be rather costly. With eBay, a customer may be able to find the exact same pair of shoes at a cheaper price. Additionally, one does not have to pay taxes unless he or she is located in the same state as a given seller. With the ‘Make an Offer’ option, one can negotiate with a given seller on whether or not the seller can lower the price that he or she, the buyer, desires to pay for. The price can reach equilibrium when buyers and sellers can reach an agreement in price. If equilibrium is not reached, the customer can still obtain the product through the online auction method. 

eBay's first sale was a broken laser pointer that was sold for fourteen dollars by Omidyar himself. He emailed the winning bidder and reassured that the winning bidder was aware of purchasing a broken laser pointer.  The winner replied quote, &quot;I'm a collector of broken laser pointers.&quot; This quote symbolizes that people everywhere are looking to buy just about anything, and eBay is the place to find it.

An important aspect that edges out competition is the ability to leave feedback about your transaction experience. Feedback consists of the following ratings: positive, neutral, or negative, along with space to make a personal comment. eBay members are able to build, a &quot;strong reputation,&quot; so that buyers and sellers have confidence that the transaction runs smoothly, ultimately making an online customer relationship.

Getting Noticed
When posting an item for sale, people are always looking for the most effective way to &quot;get noticed&quot; on the site, giving them more of a chance to get noticed and to get their item sold. Sellers need to understand that.

A major competitor of eBay would be Craigslist, as it provides local classifieds for pre-owned or used products. Craigslist can be a very resourceful place for overweight and/or over-sized goods. For example, if one is trying to purchase a television set on eBay, he or she may end up paying a large cost for just shipping itself. In addition, there may be damage to be television during the shipping, which may not be liable by the seller, unless insurance is bought by the seller. Craigslist can allow users to focus more locally, which is perhaps the best thing about it. One can actually check the functionality and condition at his or her discretion. Another benefit of Craigslist is that there are is not a membership required to join. Therefore, one can say that Craigslist is a great competitor and substitute for eBay.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Refbegin|30em}}
* {{cite book
 | last = Chaudhury | first = Abijit
 | coauthors = Jean-Pierre Kuilboer
 | year = 2002
 | title = [[e-Business]] and e-Commerce Infrastructure
 | publisher = McGraw-Hill
 | isbn = 0-07-247875-6
 }}
*{{Cite journal
  | last1 = Frieden| first1 = Jonathan D.
  | author1-link = Jonathan D. Frieden
  | last2 = Roche| first2 = Sean Patrick
  | author2-link = Sean Patrick Roche
  | title = E-Commerce: Legal Issues of the Online Retailer in Virginia
  | journal = [[Richmond Journal of Law and Technology]]
  | volume = 13
  | issue = 2
  | date = 2006-12-19
  | url = http://law.richmond.edu/jolt/v13i2/article5.pdf|format=PDF
  | postscript = &lt;!--None--&gt;}}
*{{Cite journal
  | last1 = Graham| first1 = Mark
  | title =  Warped Geographies of Development: The Internet and Theories of Economic Development
  | journal = Geography Compass
  | volume = 2
  | issue = 3
  | year = 2008
  | url = http://geospace.co.uk/files/compass.pdf|format=PDF
  | doi = 10.1111/j.1749-8198.2008.00093.x
  | page = 771
  | postscript = &lt;!--None--&gt;}}
* [http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2003-12-22-shoppers_x.htm Kessler, M. (2003). More shoppers proceed to checkout online. Retrieved January 13, 2004]
* {{cite book
 | last = Nissanoff | first = Daniel
 | year = 2006
 | title = '''FutureShop''': How the New Auction Culture Will Revolutionize the Way We Buy, Sell and Get the Things We Really Want
 | publisher = The Penguin Press
 | isbn = 1-59420-077-7
 | edition = Hardcover
 | pages = 246 pages
 }}
* {{cite book
 | last = Seybold | first = Pat
 | year = 2001
 | title = Customers.com
 | publisher = Crown Business Books (Random House)
 | isbn = 0-609-60772-3
 }}
* {{cite book
 | last = Miller | first = Roger
 | year = 2002
 | title = The Legal and E-Commerce Environment Today
 | publisher = Thomson Learning
 | isbn = 0-324-06188-9
 | edition = Hardcover
 | pages = 741 pages
 }}
* {{cite book
 | last = Kotler | first = Philip
 | year = 2009
 | title = Marketing Management
 | publisher = Pearson:Prentice-Hall
 | isbn = 978-81-317-1683-0
 }}
{{Refend2}}


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      <text bytes="1081" sha1="nbk695nnxu0h1hktnbilpauaxucizyb" xml:space="preserve">'''Markus Bautsch''' (*1964 in Berlin) is a German physicist, has a doctorate in engineering and is regular professor for optomechatronics.

For details please see {{w|User:Bautsch}}.

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| [[Computation of an acoustic Transmissionline]] || [[File:Transmissionline-Lautsprecher.P1117437.jpg|x300px]]
|-
| [[Till Eulenspiegel's funny Series]] || [[File:Spektrum.Prisma.Balmer-Serie.png|x300px]]
|-
| [[Moving objects in retarded gravitational potentials of an expanding spherical shell]] || [[File:Moving.star.in.dark.shell.png|x300px]]
|-
| [[User:Bautsch/Capsula|Graphical computer programming language Capsula]] || [[File:Workflow.Capsula.png|x300px]]
|}

[[de:Benutzer:Bautsch]]</text>
      <sha1>nbk695nnxu0h1hktnbilpauaxucizyb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Marathi/Alphabet</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>275179</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641808</id>
      <parentid>4609819</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T11:34:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-37487-31</username>
        <id>3610987</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Modified Consonants */</comment>
      <origin>4641808</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7440" sha1="k6oq16gcnr4908hrx0mjdhpr8xwbod5" xml:space="preserve">Marathi is written in the Bāḷabodh (बाळबोध) script (direct translation of बाळबोध means &quot;Easily understood by children). 

The Bāḷabodh syllabary consists of 14 vowels, 36 consonants, and 2 sound modifiers and is organised according to the way sounds are produced using the voice box and the mouth.

==Vowels==
The Marathi language has attained two new vowels ॲ and ऑ due to the influence of the English language, increasing the number of Marathi vowels from 12 to 14. This has necessitated a change in the name of the alphabet in use, from Marathi Barakhadi to Marathi Chaudakhadi (listed below) :

अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ए ऐ ॲ ओ औ ऑ अं अः

Using the International Alphabet of Marathi Transliteration (IAMT), these vowels would be represented as:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;
|-
! Bāḷabodh
| अ || आ || इ || ई || उ || ऊ || ए || ऐ || ओ || औ || अं || अः || ॲ || ऑ
|-
! Transliterated
| a || ā || i || ī/ee || u || ū/oo || e || ai || o || au || aṃ || aḥ || ê || ô
|} 


* Note that there is no ''mātrā'' form for the first vowel, &lt;big&gt;अ&lt;/big&gt; --''a''. This is because all Marathi consonants, unless part of a conjunct (see below), or they appear at the end of a word, automatically contain this vowel. So, the letter &lt;big&gt;क&lt;/big&gt; is pronounced ''ka''.

==Consonants==

There are 36 consonants (consonants that stop air from moving out of the mouth) in Marathi, as follows followed by their corresponding IAMT characters:

क ख ग घ ङ &lt;br&gt;
च छ ज झ ञ &lt;br&gt;
ट ठ ड ढ ण &lt;br&gt;
त थ द ध न &lt;br&gt;
प फ ब भ म &lt;br&gt;
य र ल व&lt;br&gt;
श ष स&lt;br&gt;
ह ळ क्ष ज्ञ&lt;br&gt;


''k kh g gh ṅ''

''c ch j jh ñ''

''ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ''

''t th d dh n''

''p ph b bh m''

''y r l v''

''ś ṣ s''

''h ḷ kṣ jñ''


Notes:

* The nasal consonants in the first two ''vargas'' are almost never found written alone; they are usually ''conjuncted'' (more on conjuncts later) with another consonant in their corresponding ''vargas,'' as the other nasal consonants often are.

* The consonants in the first two ''vargas,'' as well as the last, are pronounced exactly as they are in English. In other words, a Marathi ''k'' sounds like an English &quot;k&quot; (without aspiration).

* The consonant written 'c' can be confusing; it is pronounced like the first sound in the word ''chair'' but without aspiration. The consonant ''ch'' is virtually indistinguishable from ''c'' to the untrained English speaker, but is indeed a different letter.

* The English consonants &quot;t&quot; and &quot;d&quot; fall somewhere in between the Marathi consonants ''t'' and ''d'', and ''ṭ'' and ''ḍ''. They are closer to the latter (retroflex), so when Marathi speakers say or speak English words containing t or d, they almost always use the retroflex version. To achieve these sounds, curl the tongue back and touch the tip to the roof of the mouth.

* The dental consonants are pronounced exactly like the &quot;t&quot; and &quot;d&quot; in Spanish, with the tongue touching the back of the upper teeth.

* Voiced, aspirated consonants (''gh, bh,'' etc.) are by far the hardest sounds for the English speaker to learn how to make; however, with some practice they are not overly difficult.

* ''y'' is very similar to its corresponding English sound.

* ''r,'' like most non-English &quot;r&quot; sounds, is flipped, but not rolled.

* ''l'' is the same as the English &quot;l&quot;.

* ''v'' has a somewhat flexible pronunciation, depending on context and regional dialects. Sometimes it is pronounced like the English &quot;w&quot; (as in the word ''swami''), and other times it is closer to the English &quot;v&quot;. It is often pronounced somewhere in between the two sounds.

* ''h'' is pronounced the same as &quot;h&quot; in English.

==Sibilants==

There are three sibilants:

&lt;big&gt;श ष स&lt;/big&gt;

''ś ṣ s''

* ''ś'' is the same as &quot;sh&quot; in English.
* ''ṣ'' is also similar to &quot;sh&quot; in English, and though it is technically pronounced farther back in the mouth, functionally there is very little or no difference between the two in spoken Marathi.
* ''s'' is the same as &quot;s&quot; in English.

==Modified Consonants==

'''Most of the sounds mentioned in this section do not belong to Marathi. This section needs to be revised.'''

There are many sounds found in Marathi that do not directly correspond to any Devanagari letter:

* &lt;big&gt;क़&lt;/big&gt; (''q'') is pronounced farther back in the throat than क. For example, the Arabic word ''Qu'ran'' begins with this letter.

* &lt;big&gt;ग़&lt;/big&gt; (ġ) is pronounced in the back of the throat, similar to the French &quot;r.&quot;

* &lt;big&gt;ख़&lt;/big&gt; (qh) is pronounced like &quot;ch&quot; in German words like ''Bach'' or ''Reich''.

* &lt;big&gt;ज़&lt;/big&gt; (z) is the same as the English &quot;z.&quot;
* झ़ (''źa'', ''zha) is the same as the Marathi word झ़बले, झाड''

* &lt;big&gt;ड़&lt;/big&gt; (ṛ) is difficult to describe, except by example. The Marathi word गाड़ी (gaṛī) sounds very much like &quot;gardee.&quot; Notice that the character used to denote this character is the same as denotes &lt;big&gt;ऋ&lt;/big&gt;. The only way to tell the difference is context; if ṛ is followed by a consonant, it corresponds to &lt;big&gt;ऋ&lt;/big&gt; (example: &lt;big&gt;ऋषि&lt;/big&gt; -- ''ṛṣi'' or &quot;Rushi&quot;). If it is followed by a vowel or falls at the end of a word, is is most likely &lt;big&gt;ड़&lt;/big&gt;.

* &lt;big&gt;ढ़&lt;/big&gt; (ṛh) is the aspirated version of &lt;big&gt;ड़&lt;/big&gt;.

* &lt;big&gt;फ़&lt;/big&gt; is the same as the English sound &quot;f.&quot;

==Sound Modifiers==

The '''''anusvara''''' is notated with a small dot above the corresponding letter. In IAMT, it is notated ''ṃ''. It can have two different effects:

* In mid-word, when it appears before a consonant, it has the same effect as if that consonant's corresponding nasal consonant were placed right before it. For example, if placed before the &quot;k&quot; sound in the English word &quot;buck,&quot; it would make the word change to &quot;bunk.&quot; 

Marathi example: 

* Placed at the end of a word (after a vowel with no further consonants), it simply nasalizes the vowel, often sounding as if the English &quot;ng&quot; (as in &quot;song&quot;) had been placed at the end of the word, though lightly.

Marathi examples: 

The '''''ardhacandra''''' (meaning &quot;half moon&quot;) is notated with a small crescent (see below). The sound is similar to &quot;ae&quot;, as in &quot;cat&quot;, &quot;bat&quot;, &quot;rat&quot;.

The '''''candrabindu''''' (meaning &quot;moon dot&quot;) is very similar to the ''anusvara'' and is notated with a dot and a small crescent (see below). When placed above a vowel, the vowel becomes nasalized.

Marathi example: 

The '''''visarga''''' is notated with what looks like an English colon. It is transliterated with ''ḥ''. It is only found at the end of words. It has the effect of adding a ''h'' as well as a lighter version of the preceding vowel. For example, &lt;big&gt;नमः&lt;/big&gt; is pronounced ''namaha'', with the last ''a'' having as little emphasis as possible.

The '''''halant''''' is a small diagonal line which indicates that the default vowel &lt;big&gt;अ&lt;/big&gt; -- ''a'' is not to be pronounced. It only appears at the end of words. Example: &lt;big&gt;नाम्&lt;/big&gt; -- ''nām'' (name).

==Conjuncts==

Very often, two or more consonants are combined. If you see conjuncts, they will conjoin two consonants in an obvious manner. The visarga may be used in the middle of a word as a conjunct if an obvious conjunct is not possible.

==References==

{{BookCat}}</text>
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    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structured Query Language/Create Table</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>297296</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641721</id>
      <parentid>3698908</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T15:56:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Oktayey</username>
        <id>3096005</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Improved wording</comment>
      <origin>4641721</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="14626" sha1="7x5kaf0rcjacwscdr9dvuy3tj2q2neg" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;nonumtoc&quot;&gt;
__TOC__
&lt;/div&gt;


One of the basic steps during database development cycles is the fixing of decisions about the table structure. To do so, there is the CREATE TABLE statement with which developers define tables together with their columns and constraints.

Because a lot of features may be activated by the command, its syntax is a little bit complex. This page shows the most important parts. The syntax is not straight forward. At some points it is possible to use alternative formulations to express the same purpose, e.g. the Primary Key may be defined within the column definition as a column constraint, at the end of the command as a table constraint or as a separate stand-alone command 'ALTER TABLE ADD CONSTRAINT ...;' .

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot; style=&quot;background:LightGreen&quot;&gt;
CREATE TABLE &lt;tablename&gt; (
  &lt;column_name&gt; &lt;data_type&gt; &lt;default_value&gt; &lt;identity_specification&gt; &lt;column_constraint&gt;,
  &lt;column_name&gt; &lt;data_type&gt; &lt;default_value&gt;                          &lt;column_constraint&gt;,
  ...,
  &lt;table_constraint&gt;,
  &lt;table_constraint&gt;,
  ...
);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== General Description ==
After the introductory key words CREATE TABLE, the tablename is specified. Within a pair of parentheses, a list of column definitions follows. Each column is defined by its name, data type, an optional default value, and optional constraints for this individual column.

After the list of column definitions, developers can specify table constraints like Primary and Foreign Keys, Unique conditions, and general column conditions.

An first example was shown at the page [[../Create a simple Table#Fasten_Decisions|Create a simple Table]] and a second one here:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot;&gt;
CREATE TABLE test_table (
  -- define columns (name / type / default value / column constraint
  id             DECIMAL                           PRIMARY KEY,
  part_number    CHAR(10)          DEFAULT 'n/a'   NOT NULL,
  part_name      VARCHAR(500),
  state          DECIMAL           DEFAULT -1,
  -- define table constraints (eg: 'n/a' shall correlate with NULL)
  CONSTRAINT test_check CHECK ((part_number  = 'n/a' AND part_name IS     NULL) OR
                               (part_number != 'n/a' AND part_name IS NOT NULL))
);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

The table consists of 4 columns. All of them have a data type and some a default value. The column ''id'' acts as the Primary Key. The table constraint ''test_check'' guarantees that ''part_name'' is mandatory if ''part_number'' is recorded.

== Column Definition ==
=== Data Type ===
The standard defines a lot of predefined data types: character strings of fixed and variable size, character large objects (CLOB), binary strings of fixed and variable size, binary large objects (BLOB), numeric, boolean, datetime, interval, xml. Beyond, there are complex types like: ROW, REF(erence), ARRAY, MULTISET and user-definded types (UDT). The predefined data types are explained on the [[../Data Types|next page]]. To keep things simple, we use on this page only CHAR, VARCHAR, and DECIMAL.

=== Default Value ===
A column can have a default value. Its data type corresponds to the type of the column. It may be a constant value like the number -1 or the string 'n/a', or it is a system variable or a function call to determine dynamic values like the username or the actual timestamp.

The default clause affects those INSERT and MERGE commands, which do not specify the column. In our example database the ''person'' table has the column ''weight'' with the default value 0. If we omit this column in an INSERT command, the DBMS will store the value 0.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot;&gt;
-- This INSERT command omits the 'weight' column. Therefore the value '0' (which is different from
-- the NULL value) is stored in the weight column.
INSERT INTO person (id, firstname, lastname,    date_of_birth,     place_of_birth, ssn)
VALUES             (11, 'Larry',   'Goldstein', date'1970-11-20', 'Dallas',        '078-05-1120');
COMMIT;

-- This SELECT retrieves the row ...
SELECT * 
FROM   person
WHERE  id = 11
AND    weight = 0;

-- ... but not this one:
SELECT * 
FROM   person
WHERE  id = 11
AND    weight IS NULL;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== Identity Specification ===
The ''identity specification'' serves for the generation of a series of unique values that act as the Primary Key to the table's rows. The standard defines the syntax as: &quot;GENERATED { ALWAYS | BY DEFAULT } AS IDENTITY&quot;. Unfortunately, most DBMS vendors do not support this formulation. Instead, they offer different syntaxes and even different concepts to generate primary key values. Some use a combination of generators/sequences and triggers, others a special data type, or different keywords.

An overview about the wide spread of implementations is available in the wikibook [[SQL_Dialects_Reference/Data_structure_definition/Auto-increment_column|SQL Dialects Reference: Auto-increment_column]].

=== Column Constraint ===
The column constraint clause specifies conditions which all values must meet. There are different column constraint types:
:NOT NULL
:Primary Key
:Unique
:Foreign Key
:Check values

&lt;br /&gt;
The &lt;u&gt;NOT NULL&lt;/u&gt; phrase defines, that it is not allowed to store the NULL value in the column.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot;&gt;
-- The column col_1 is per definition not allowed to hold the NULL value
CREATE TABLE t1 (col_1 DECIMAL NOT NULL);

-- This INSERT command will fail
INSERT INTO t1(col_1) values(NULL);

-- The same applies to the following UPDATE command
INSERT INTO t1(col_1) values(5);
UPDATE t1 SET col_1 = NULL;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
The &lt;u&gt;PRIMARY KEY&lt;/u&gt; phrase defines that the column acts as the Primary Key of the table. This implies that the column is not allowed to store a NULL value and that the values of all rows are distinct from each other.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot;&gt;
CREATE TABLE t2 (col_1 DECIMAL PRIMARY KEY);

-- This INSERT will fail because a primary key column is not allowed to store the NULL value.
INSERT INTO t2(col_1) VALUES(NULL);

-- This INSERT works
INSERT INTO t2(col_1) VALUES(5);

-- But the next INSERT will fail, because only one row with the value '5' is allowed.
INSERT INTO t2(col_1) VALUES(5);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
The &lt;u&gt;UNIQUE&lt;/u&gt; constraint has a similar meaning as the PRIMARY KEY phrase. But there are two slight differences. 

First, as with PRIMARY KEY, values of different rows of a UNIQUE column are not allowed to be equal. However, unlike with PRIMARY KEY, values in a UNIQUE column are allowed to hold the NULL value. The existence of NULL values has an implication. As the term ''null = null'' never evaluates to ''true'' (it evaluates to ''unknown'') there may exist multiple rows with the NULL value in a column which is defined to be UNIQUE.

Second, only one Primary Key definition per table is allowed. In contrast, there may be many UNIQUE constraints (on different columns).
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot;&gt;
CREATE TABLE t3 (col_1 DECIMAL UNIQUE);

-- works well
INSERT INTO t3(col_1) VALUES(5);
-- fails because there is another row with value 5
INSERT INTO t3(col_1) VALUES(5);

-- works well
INSERT INTO t3(col_1) VALUES(null);
-- works also
INSERT INTO t3(col_1) VALUES(null);

-- check the results
SELECT * FROM t3;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
The &lt;u&gt;FOREIGN KEY&lt;/u&gt; condition defines that the column can hold only those values, which are also stored in a different column of (the same or) another table. This different column has to be UNIQUE or a Primary Key, whereas the values of the foreign key column itself may hold identical values for multiple rows. The consequence is that one cannot create a row with a certain value in this column before there is a row with exactly this certain value in the referred table. In our example database, we have a ''contact'' table whose column ''person_id'' refers to the id of persons. It makes sense that one cannot store contact values before storing the appropriate person.

Foreign Keys are the technique to realize one-to-many (1:m) relationships.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot;&gt;
-- A table with a column which refers to the 'id' column of table 'person'
CREATE TABLE t4 (col_1 DECIMAL REFERENCES person(id));

-- This INSERT works as in table 'person' of our example database there is a row with id = 3.
INSERT INTO t4(col_1) VALUES(3);

-- This statement will fail because in 'person' there is no row with id = 99.
INSERT INTO t4(col_1) VALUES(99);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;u&gt;Column checks&lt;/u&gt; inspect the values of the column to see whether they meet the defined criterion. Within such column checks, only the actual column is visible. If a condition covers two or more columns (e.g., col_1 &gt; col_2) a table check must be used.
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot;&gt;
-- 'col_1' shall contain only values from 1 to 10.
-- A hint to MySQL users: MySQL before 8.0.16 accepts the syntax of column checks - but ignores the definitions silently. The same applies to MariaDB before 10.2.1.
CREATE TABLE t5 (col_1 DECIMAL CHECK (col_1 BETWEEN 1 AND 10));

-- This INSERT works:
INSERT INTO t5(col_1) VALUES(3);

-- This statement will fail:
INSERT INTO t5(col_1) VALUES(99);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Table Constraint ==
Table constraints define rules which are mandatory for the table as a whole. Their semantic and syntax overlaps partially with the previous shown [[../Create_Table#Column_Constraint|column constraints]].

Table constraints are defined after the definition of all columns. The syntax starts with the keyword CONSTRAINT, followed by an optional name. The following example includes the optional names ''t6_pk'', ''t6_ik'' and ''t6_fk''.  It is a good practice to include names. In the case of an error exception, most DBMS will include this name as part of related error messages - if a name isn't defined, the DBMS may use its internal naming convention, which can be cryptic. 


=== Primary Key, UNIQUE and Foreign Key ===
In the same manner as shown in the [[../Create_Table#Column_Constraint|column constraints part]] Primary Key, UNIQUE and Foreign Key conditions can be expressed as table constraints. The syntax differs slightly from the column constraint syntax; the semantic is identical.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot;&gt;
-- A table with a PK column, one UNIQUE column and a FK column.
CREATE TABLE t6 (
  col_1 DECIMAL,
  col_2 CHAR(10),
  col_3 DECIMAL,
  CONSTRAINT t6_pk PRIMARY KEY (col_1), -- 't6_pk' is the name of the constraint
  CONSTRAINT t6_uk UNIQUE      (col_2),
  CONSTRAINT t6_fk FOREIGN KEY (col_3) REFERENCES person(id)
);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== NOT NULL and Simple Column Checks ===
Similar to [[../Create_Table#Column_Constraint|column constraints part]] NOT NULL conditions and simple column checks can be expressed as table expressions.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot;&gt;
CREATE TABLE t7 (
  col_1 DECIMAL,
  col_2 DECIMAL,
  CONSTRAINT t7_col_1_nn    CHECK (col_1 IS NOT NULL),
  CONSTRAINT t7_col_2_check CHECK (col_2 BETWEEN 1 and 10)
);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

=== General Column Checks ===
If a condition affects more than one column, it must be expressed as a table constraint.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot;&gt;
CREATE TABLE t8 (
  col_1 DECIMAL,
  col_2 DECIMAL,
  col_3 DECIMAL,
  col_4 DECIMAL,
  -- col_1 can hold only those values which are greater than col_2 
  CONSTRAINT t8_check_1 CHECK (col_1 &gt; col_2),
  -- If col_3 is NULL, col_4 must be NULL also
  CONSTRAINT t8_check_2 CHECK ((col_3 IS     NULL AND col_4 IS     NULL) OR
                               (col_3 IS NOT NULL AND col_4 IS NOT NULL))
);

-- These two INSERTs work as they meet all conditions
INSERT INTO t8 VALUES(1, 0, null, null);
INSERT INTO t8 VALUES(2, 0, 5, 5);

-- Again: MySQL ignores check conditions silently

-- This INSERT fails because col_1 is not greater than col_2
INSERT INTO t8 VALUES(3, 6, null, null);

-- This INSERT fails because col_3 is not null and col_4 is null
INSERT INTO t8 VALUES(4, 0, 5, null);

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Column Constraints vs. Table Constraints ==
As you have seen, some constraints may be defined as part of the column definition, which is called a ''column constraint'', or as a separate ''table constraint''. Table constraints have two advantages. First, they are a little bit more powerful.

Second, they do have their own name! This helps to understand system messages. Furthermore, it opens the possibility to manage constraints after the table exists and contains data. The ALTER TABLE statement can deactivate, activate, or delete constraints. To do so, you have to know their name.

== Clean Up ==
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot;&gt;
DROP TABLE t1;
DROP TABLE t2;
DROP TABLE t3;
DROP TABLE t4;
DROP TABLE t5;
DROP TABLE t6;
DROP TABLE t7;
DROP TABLE t8;
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Exercises ==
&lt;div style=background:gold&gt;
Create a table 'company' with columns 'id' (numeric, primary key), 'name' (strings of variable size up to 200), 'isin' (strings of length 12, not nullable, unique values).&lt;br /&gt;Create a solution with column constraints only and another one with table constraints only.
&lt;/div&gt;
{{ExerciseSolution|width=100%|text=
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot;&gt;
-- column constraints only
CREATE TABLE company_1 (
  id   DECIMAL PRIMARY KEY,
  name VARCHAR(200),
  isin CHAR(12) NOT NULL UNIQUE
);
-- table constraints only
CREATE TABLE company_2 (
  id   DECIMAL,
  name VARCHAR(200),
  isin CHAR(5),
  CONSTRAINT company_2_pk PRIMARY KEY (id),
  CONSTRAINT company_2_uk UNIQUE      (isin),
  CONSTRAINT company_2_check_isin CHECK (isin IS NOT NULL)
);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
}}

&lt;div style=background:gold&gt;
Create a table 'accessory' with columns 'id' (numeric, primary key), 'name' (strings of variable size up to 200, unique), 'hobby_id' (decimal, not nullable, foreign key to column 'id' of table 'hobby').&lt;br /&gt;Create a solution with column constraints only and another one with table constraints only.
&lt;/div&gt;
{{ExerciseSolution|width=100%|text=
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;sql&quot;&gt;
-- column constraints only
CREATE TABLE accessory_1 (
  id       DECIMAL PRIMARY KEY,
  name     VARCHAR(200) UNIQUE,
  hobby_id DECIMAL NOT NULL REFERENCES hobby(id)
);
-- table constraints only
CREATE TABLE accessory_2 (
  id       DECIMAL,
  name     VARCHAR(200),
  hobby_id DECIMAL,
  CONSTRAINT accessory_2_pk PRIMARY KEY (id),
  CONSTRAINT accessory_2_uk UNIQUE      (name),
  CONSTRAINT accessory_2_check_1  CHECK (hobby_id IS NOT NULL),
  CONSTRAINT accessory_2_fk FOREIGN KEY (hobby_id) REFERENCES hobby(id)
);

-- Test some legal and illegal values
INSERT INTO accessory_1 VALUES (1, 'Fishing-rod', 2);
COMMIT;
-- ... 
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
}}

&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Nav}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>7x5kaf0rcjacwscdr9dvuy3tj2q2neg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints/Scriptures</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>380992</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641759</id>
      <parentid>3691552</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T22:24:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-37463-19</username>
        <id>3610890</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>I added a explaination on a splinter denomination called the &quot;Restored CHurch of Christ&quot;. A splinter denomination in 1956 NZ. Jonathan Frazer was the Founder and we (as I am a member) have a Pope. We reject the Book of Mormon but we believe that there were people (not israelites) who went to america (most affirm the vikings.)</comment>
      <origin>4641759</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="2021" sha1="nlyytds16csbbxoh5l9v25pio0ryq1z" xml:space="preserve">The followers of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints profess to believe in four &quot;complementary books of scripture.&quot; These are as follows: The Holy Bible (specifically the King James Version, though they believe some small errors were made in translation- such as the omission of the words shall or thee in a few verses), The Book of Mormon ( a book they believe to be the records of early American civilizations and their interactions with each other and Jesus Christ), The Pearl of Great Price (a record of the early history of their church, and a few books of scripture they believe to be written by Abraham and Moses), and The Doctrine and Covenants (another history of their early church, along with various &quot;revelations&quot; their prophets have claimed to have received from God). These scriptures are all considered to have equal weight, though the Bible and the Book of Mormon are the two most frequently taught and used books in their faith. Along with this, Latter-Day Saints believe that everyone has the opportunity to receive revelations from God as a sort of &quot;personal scripture&quot;. For this reason, scriptures are not believed to be &quot;set in stone&quot; and it is believed that more scripture will be revealed at a later time.

Other denominations which have split off from the LDS Church can vary on which scriptures they read. From reading only the Book of Mormon to reading the Bible alongside the Book of Mormon. There is one church which is very small and only resides in New Zealand. It is called the &quot;The Restored Church of Christ&quot; A splinter denomination orginating with its founder Jonathan Frazer. In 1956, he decided to split from the LDS Church and established himself as the Pope of the Church. The current leader and Pope of this Church is Pope Sione Tupou who prefers to be called Pope John the II. Born in NZ, he had began talks with the Vatican, and other Churches to Unite. He is big on Ecumenism and Rejects the Book of Mormon aswell as other scriptures other than the Bible.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>nlyytds16csbbxoh5l9v25pio0ryq1z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:Gleb713/An Answer Key to Collar's and Daniell's First Year Latin</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>397633</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641723</id>
      <parentid>4640448</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T16:06:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rcmcola</username>
        <id>3394483</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* § 368, p. 142 */</comment>
      <origin>4641723</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="79819" sha1="h5uq4xqqc1egg6fewh44j0jntqwiwgg" xml:space="preserve">This wikibook is an answer key to the revised 1918 edition of Collar's and Daniell's ''First Year Latin''. There are two copies of this edition in the Internet Archive: [https://archive.org/details/collaranddaniel00jenkgoog] and [https://archive.org/details/collardaniellsfi00collrich another copy]).

=== About References ===

The references are to the paragraph numbers (§ ''N'') and the original page numbers (p. ''N'') of ''First Year Latin''.

=== Abbreviations ===

{|
|-
| ''acc'' || accusative
|-
| ''act'' || active voice
|-
| ''abl'' || the ablative case
|-
| ''dat'' || the dative case
|-
| ''gen'' || the genitive case
|-
| ''imp'' || the imperative mood
|-
| ''imperf'' || the imperfect tense
|-
| ''ind'' || the indicative mood
|-
| ''inf'' || the infinitive mood
|-
| ''nom'' || the nominative case
|-
| ''pass'' || the passive voice
|-
| ''perf'' || the perfect tense
|-
| ''pl'' || the plural
|-
| ''pluperf'' || the pluperfect tense
|-
| ''sg'' || the singular
|-
| ''subj'' || the subjunctive mood
|}

=== About Prose Translations ===

All prose translations have been kept as literal as possible. This should not be taken as a model to emulate. Quite contrary, one should hardly ever aim at a literal translation instead of a fluent one.

Answers marked with a * may be written with a little more liberty by a different pupil, though are still more-or-less literal translations. 

== Exercises ==

=== § 30, p. 25 ===

# A sailor is singing.
# Sailors are singing.
# A farmer is working.
# Farmers are working.
# A girl swims.
# Girls swim.
# Cornelia draws near.
# Are the girls drawing near? (In a boys-only school this might have stirred the pupils somewhat.)
# Cornelia and the girls are singing.
# Julia works and sings.
# What is approaching?
# Are the sailors swimming?
# Who is walking?

=== § 31, p. 25 ===

# Nauta natat.
# Puellae cantant.
# Quis appropinquat?
# Appropinguantne nautae?
# Cantatne Cornēlia?
# Cornēlia et Iūlia ambulant et cantant.
# Puella cantat, et agricola labōrat.
# Nautae et agricolae labōrant.

=== § 36, p. 27 ===

# Galba has a trumpet.
# Does Galba have trumpets?
# Girls praise Cornelia and Julia.
# A sailor sees a letter.
# Galba calls together the sailors.
# Who sees Galba?
# Whom Galba is seeing?
# The farmer now calls the girls together.
# Do the sailors see land?
# Girls like Cornelia.

=== § 37, p. 27 ===

# Quis appropinquat?
# Nauta et Galba appropinquant.
# Quid agricola habet?
# Agricola terram habet.
# Laudatne Galba agricolae?
# Puella aquam et terram videt.
# Nautae agricolās convocant.
# Iūlia litterās nunc habet.

=== § 41, p. 29 ===

# She walks, calls together, sings.
# Are they calling together? Singing? Praising?
# You (sg.) swim, work, walk.
# We like, draw near, walk.
# You (pl.) are calling together, are singing, are liking.
# They like, she is giving, we are praising.
# Whom are you looking at?
# I praise the inhabitants.
# You (pl.) often praise Julia.
# But we are praising the letter.
# What are you (pl.) giving now?

=== § 42, p. 29 ===

# Natō, natat, natō.
# Labōrāsne/labōrātisne? cantāmus, laudatne?
# Appropinquant, dant, ambulās/ambulātis.
# Laudās/laudātis, natant, labōrat.
# Incolās convocāmus, sed nautās convocātis.
# Puellae aquam nunc spectant.

=== § 46, p. 31 ===

# She delights, we are routing, you set free.
# We are waiting, they carry, you delight.
# We delight, you (pl.) rout, they are setting free.
# Is she freeing? I am freeing, we are carrying.
# They are setting free the farmers' daughters.
# The poet's fortune pleases the queen.
# We are looking at the woman's daughters. (Quite possibly a true story from a boy school.)
# Does Galba's ''daughter'' expect a letter?
# Even the trumpets of the sailors put the inhabitants to flight.
# Whose letter are you carrying?

=== § 47, p. 31 ===

# Nautās rēgīnae convocō.
# Fīliae poetārum terram amant.
# Cuius fīliam liberās/liberātis?
# Laudantne fīliās Galbae?
# Agricolās nunc expectāmus.
# Quem fortūna agricolārum dēlectat?

=== § 52, p. 33 ===

# You have money.
# I teach Julia.
# You often advice the inhabitants.
# Do they frighten the girls?
# Whom are they seeing?
# We advice and we teach.
# What do we have?
# I now see a booty.
# You (pl.) see a trumpet.
# Are you (pl.) warning ''the farmers''?
# They have a letter.
# Julia teaches the poet's daughters.
# The pirates have even the farmers' money.
# The daughters' fate pleases the woman. (Obviously they got married off to better men than the boys of this school became.)
# Why do you warn Julia and Cornelia?
# Whom do you teach and advice?
# The women praise the girls because they work. (Hopefully nothing beyond the chaste exercise of weaving, though.)

=== § 53, p. 33 ===

# Monent.
# Habent.
# Moneō.
# Terrēs/terrētis.
# Vidēmus.
# Puellāsne docet?
# Pīrātamne Iūlia et Cornēlia spectant?
# Cūr pīrātae incolās terrent?
# Pecūniam et praedam habent.
# Fēminam laudāmus quod puellās docet.
# Quis vidēs/vidētis? Quid spectās/spectātis?

=== § 61, p. 35 ===

# A farmer shows the road to a woman.
# Cornelia tells the story even to the girls.
# We dwell on an island.
# Who shows the island to the poets?
# Why are the pirates remaining in the water?
# To whom are you giving the money?
# The sailors show the booty to the farmers.
# The inhabitants are approaching on the road and they are looking at the queen.
# They like the mistress because she tells stories.

=== § 62, p. 35 ===

# Cuī fēminam dēmonstrās/dēmonstrātis?
# Iūliae letterās dēmonstrō.
# Rēgīnae fābulās narrant.
# Fīlia Galbae nautīs pecūniam dat.
# Habitantne pīrātae in īnsulā?
# Cuius fīliae in viam appropinquant?

=== § 66, p. 37 ===

# Why are the poets remaining in the woods?
# To whom are you telling about the queen's victory?
# I see Julia and Cornelia in the portal.
# In Germany and Greece they often assemble the farmers.
# Do they live in the province?
# The sailors' victory frightens the farmers.
# The girls' diligence pleases the woman.
# In the fight we put to flight the pirates of Italy.
# Galba tells about the flight of the pirates.

=== § 67, p. 37 ===

# In prōvinciā Graeciae incolō.
# Silvae prōvinciārum poetīs dēlectant.
# Fīliae Iūliae pecūniam dat.
# Cuī aquam dās/dātis?
# Cuius dīligentiam laudās/laudātis?
# In viā exspectant et silvās spectant.

=== § 75, p. 41 ===

# I see a town.
# We are seeing towns.
# Is the master warning a slave?
# The tribune is looking at a horse.
# The masters' horses delight the slaves.
# Marcus is narrating a story to a friend.
# The masters give the spoils friends.
# We often call together the friends in the town.
# Slaves are approaching, and they are carrying grain and water.

=== § 76, p. 41 ===

# Quis equum tribūnī habet?
# Servī dōna dominōrum nunc habent.
# Amicōsne in hortō habēs/habētis?
# Servus frūmentum tribūnī portat.
# Cuius dōnum Marcō dēmonstrant?
# Oppidum et hortōs oppidī vidēmus.

=== § 83, p. 43 ===

# We are looking at and also approving of the large horses.
# The tribune gives a javelin to a good friend.
# The sailor's welcome gift delights Julia.
# A strong sailor has strong oars.
# A girl sees good slaves.
# Great winds do not frighten sailors.
# Where do you see the strong farmers' grain?
# They are carrying the grain in a large cart.
# The pirates are frightening the farmers because they have javelins.

=== § 84, p. 43 ===

# Carrum magnum habeō.
# Dominus bonus servum bonum habet.
# Atque servō bonō dōnum grātum dat.
# Probatne servus dōnum?
# Magnō in oppidō Graeciae nōn habitant.
# Nautās bonōs nōn convocat.
# Ubi silvam magnam vidēs/vidētis?

=== § 91, p. 45 ===

# Galba is a farmer.
# Galba is strong.
# Julia and Cornelia are my daughters.
# My daughter is small.
# Is your town large?
# Britain is an island of Europe.
# Vesta was a Roman goddess.
# The carts of the Romans were good and strong.
# War is not welcome.
# Wars aren't welcome.
# Greece is a small country of Europe.
# We are friends of the tribune.
# In the large town we see wide roads.

=== § 92, p. 45 ===

# Viae oppidī sunt longae.
# Viae Rōmae nōn erant lātae.
# Viae Britanniae sunt lātae et longae.
# Ubi es/estis?
# Dōna nova tribūnī sunt grāta.
# Deōs laudāmus quod dōna dant.
# Rōmānī sumus sed in Britanniā habitāmus.

=== § 101, p. 49 ===

# The sons of the men are in Britain.
# The men are allies.
# I am a messenger of the allies.
# We are waiting for the small boys, sons of the tribune.
# The boys have Marcus' sword and javelin.
# Who shows the way to the man?
# The battle is long, and the allies are waiting for help.
# A man and sons of the messenger are toiling in the field.
# Why are you giving rewards to the men?

=== § 102, p. 49 ===

# Fīlius nūntī est puer parvus.
# Gladium tuum vidēmus sed pilum tuum nōn habēmus.
# Puerōs parvōs et fēminam terrent.
# Virī sociōs fugant.
# Ubi nūntiī habitant?
# Gladium fīlī meī habeō.
# Bella et proelia Rōmānōs dēlectant.

=== § 105, p. 50 ===

# I see horses in Marcus', friend's, field.
# A wretched messenger is telling a miserable story of the allies' flight.
# They are giving rewards to your friends.
# Money, Cornelia's gift, is pleasing to our son.
# We are free men in a free town.
# The Greek goddesses were many.
# Our associate is miserable because he has no sword.
# They are subduing the Romans in a battle.
# Are you calling your son?
# A miserable slave prepares food for a master.

A bonus question about the translation of 10. for the boys in the back row: Are all slaves miserable because they prepare food for their masters or is this particular slave miserable because he's preparing food for his master or is this particular slave miserable because he's preparing food for a master not his own?

=== § 106, p. 51 ===

# Amīcī nostrī, Mārcus et Galba, sunt miserī.
# Multī carrī in viīs oppidī nostrī sunt.
# Fīliōs miserōs nūntiōrum convocat.
# Ubi equum tuum vides?
# Ventī nautās nōn terrent.
# Fīliī virōrum līberōrum sumus.
# Pīlum dōnum āmicī habeō.

=== § 113, p. 53 ===

# She is, she was, she will be.
# They are, they were, they will be.
# We are, we were, we will be.
# I am, I was, I will be.
# You (sg.) are, you (sg.) were, you (sg.) will be.
# You (pl.) are, you (pl.) were, you (pl.) will be.
# Certainly we were hostile towards Marcus, your son.
# Next to the town were many fields.
# Injuries of the allies were many.
# I see an island near to the (main)land.
# The winds will not be pleasing to the sailors.
# Farmers were not fit for a long war.
# Meanwhile, we will be favourable to your sons.
# Swords and javelins are suitable for a battle.

=== § 114, p. 53 ===

# Sum, sumus.
# Ubi eramus? In oppidō eram.
# Erō, erimus.
# Estne tribūnus? Sociī sunt.
# Interim vir līber eris.
# Oppida nostra Graeciae propinqua sunt.
# Virī in oppidīs nostrīs Rōmae inimīcī sunt.
# Erit magnum proelium in Britanniā.
# Librī Mārcō amicō meō grātī certē erunt.

=== § 124, p. 57 ===

# They were showing, she was preparing, you (pl.) were filling.
# I was telling, you (sg.) were seeing, we were dwelling.
# You (sg.) were overcoming, you (pl.) were having, she was approving.
# You (sg.) were singing, I was freeing, you (pl.) were staying.
# I was frightening, she was calling, you (pl). were delighting.
# I was calling together the lieutenants.
# Farmers were bringing grain and food in small carts.
# Meanwhile they were fighting with swords in forests.
# We were equipping our allies with shields.
# I was calling the lieutenant, my friend.
# They were subduing the tribune and the lieutenant in the fight with javelins.
# Your gifts were pleasing to the gods.
# The village was next to the sea.

=== § 125, p. 57 ===

# Ambulābam sed in agrō exspectābās.
# Armābāmus, manēbant.
# Appropinquābātis et pugnābant.
# In vicō labōrābant.
# Fābulīs et librīs docēbāmus.
# Amicōs vestrōs gladiīs vestriīs liberābātis.
# Cibus Helvetiīs dēfessīs grātus erat.
# Virī pīlīs longīs pugnābant.
# Lēgātus vīcum cibō et frūmentō complēbat.

=== § 130, p. 59 ===

# They will call, they will fill, they will hasten.
# Is she arming? She will overcome, we will keep.
# Will they stay? We will show, I will frighten.
# You (sg.) will work, you (pl.) will teach, I will dwell.
# Where to is the strong farmer hurrying?
# A farmer and boys will hurry to the fields.
# They toil in the fields with great zeal.
# They will carry the grain into the village with care.
# You (pl.) will build boats with great diligence.

=== § 131, p. 59 ===

# Aedificābis.
# Properābit.
# Quis nōn manēbit?
# Tenēbitis.
# Virōs aegrōs magnō cum cūrā portābimus.
# Quō lēgātus properābit?
# In Graeciam properābit atque incolās armābit.
# Ubi amīcī nostrī cum studiō pugnābunt?
# Virī nāvigia cum dīligentiā complēbant.

=== § 135, p. 61 ===

# Has she called? She has called together, she has subdued.
# They have fought, they have expected, they have worked.
# We have hastened, we have built, we have equipped.
# Did I praise? You (sg.) have called, you (pl.) have hastened.
# She has brought, she has delighted, she has given.

=== § 136, p. 61 ===

# Laudāvistī/-istis, dēmonstrāvistī/-istis, narrāvistī/-istis.
# Dedī, portāvī, liberāvī.
# Probāvērunt, cantāvērunt, natāvērunt.
# Dedimus, habitāvimus, dēmonstrāvimus.

=== § 140, p. 62 ===

# She has warned, they have warned, she has taught.
# They have taught, she has had, they have had.
# You (sg.) have frightened, you (pl.) have frightened, have you (sg.) kept?
# I have seen, have they seen? We have stayed.
# She has kept, they have kept, they have frightened.

=== § 141, p. 62 ===

# Complēvī, vīdistī, tenuimus.
# Terruit, habuit, complēvērunt.
# Mānsit, docuī, monuistis.

=== § 145, p. 63 ===

# The boys have filled our cart with grain.
# They have carried a sick girl with care.
# I have seen the shields and swords of the captives in front of the gates.
# The place was not suitable for a battle.
# The lieutenant has hurried to Germany with many men.
# He will show the cause of the war.
# I have spent the winter in Greece with your friends.
# With great risk they have stayed.

=== § 146, p. 63 ===

# Gladiī et pīla captivōs terruērunt.
# Longō in bellō cum tribūnō pugnāvērunt.
# Fēminae in Italiā hiemābant.
# Quis causam bellī lēgātō narrābit?
# Locum armīs complēvērunt.
# Rōmānī cum sociīs prō Rōmā pugnāvērunt.

=== § 148/b, p. 64 ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
| id dōnum || is nūntius || ea patria
|-
| eius dōnī || eius nūntiī || eius patriae
|-
| eī dōnō || eī nūntiō || eī patriae
|-
| id dōnum || eum nūntium || eam patriam
|-
| eō dōnō || eō nūntiō || eā patriā
|-
| ea dōna || iī nūntiī || eae patriae
|-
| eōrum dōnōrum || eōrum nūntiōrum || eārum patriārum
|-
| iīs dōnīs || iīs nūntiīs || iīs patriīs
|-
| ea dōna || eōs nūntiōs || eās patriās
|-
| iīs dōnīs || iīs nūntiīs || iīs patriīs
|}

=== § 150, p. 65 ===

# I have seen that shield.
# That sword is mine.
# That battle was long.
# I will fight with this sword.
# She has given food for that prisoner.
# That was yours.
# He was showing the danger of those lieutenants.
# We have been in Germany and in the land of the Helvetii.
# Has your daughter been sick?
# That slave's master was tired.
# That victory has delighted the Romans.
# I was hurrying to Britain with that friend.
# Where were you (pl.)?

=== § 151, p. 65 ===

# Iīs armīs pīrātās in ōceanō superābimus.
# Id auxilium Rōmānōs dēlectat.
# In iīs silvīs saepe fuī.
# Fīliōs eōrum agricolārum docuī.
# Eōs sociōs vīdistī et laudāvistī quod cum studiō pugnāvērunt.
# Quō properābatis cum eō puerō?
# Causae eius bellī fuērunt multae.

=== § 155, p. 67 ===

# Who have built that temple?
# Which lieutenants have armed those men?
# What is in that field?
# To whom does Marcus give that reward?
# To which countries is Britain near?
# Whom are you praising?
# Which book Cornelia has praised?
# With which sword have they injured the prisoner?
# What risk are you reporting?

=== § 156, p. 67 ===

# Quis nūntius deōrum erat?
# Quod dōnum eī puerō dedit?
# Cuius scūtum is servus habuit?
# Cui causās eius bellī dēmonstrāvērunt?
# Quem superāvistī?
# Quibus armīs Helvetiōs superāvērunt?
# Quō in vicō habitāvērunt?

=== § 161, p. 68 ===

# She rules, she was ruling, she will rule.
# I am buying, I was buying, I will buy.
# They are leading, they will lead, she was leading.
# She has ruled, they have ruled, she has led.
# They have led, you (sg.) have bought, you (pl.) have bought.
# I have sent, we have sent, she has sent.
# We are sending, they are sending, they will send.
# This farmer has many fields.
# He will send grain into a big town with boats.
# He will send grain into a village with strong horses.
# Who will lead the horses on the way?
# Sons of the farmer, Marcus and Galba, have led the horses, and they will lead (them) today.
# Then they will buy new arms.
# Formerly the Romans have ruled Italy well.

=== § 162, p. 69 ===

# Regunt, rēxērunt, regent.
# Dūcit, dūcēbat, dūcet.
# Ēmī, ēmimus, ēmērunt.
# Mittō, mittam, mīsī.
# Mittis, mittes, mīsistī.
# Ōlim Rōmānī multās terrās habuērunt.
# Eās terrās saepe nōn bene rēxērunt.
# Tum sociī auxilium mīsērunt.
# Quae puellae in Italiā hiemāvērunt?
# Lēgātum cum iīs captīvīs in Italiam mittam.

=== § 171/d, p. 75 ===
=== § 173, p. 75 ===

# Today I have seen the king and the general.
# We have seen the heads of many foot soldiers.
# Both kings and generals have led our soldiers.
# Besides, the horsemen were fighting bravely for the king and the general.
# They have overcome the allies with courage and zeal.
# They have injured many farmers with stones and javelins.
# Certainly the bravery of the horsemen and also the zeal of the foot soldiers will delight the legate.
# Who will procure shields for these horsemen?
# We have sent our soldiers in the forest too.

=== § 174, p. 75 ===

# Imperia rēgis fuerunt multa.
# Imperia rēgum probābimus.
# Helvetiōs virtūte eōrum mīlitum superābimus.
# Cum duce hiemābō.
# In oppidō rēgem vīdī.
# Is rēx erat dux bonus et benē rēxit.
# Cibum peditibus miserīs ēmit.
# Et arma et frūmenta in id oppidum mīsit.

=== § 181, p. 77 ===

# She will take, she takes, they take.
# I am hurling, I will hurl, I was hurling.
# They have taken, she has thrown, we have thrown.
# We have fled, we are fleeing, we have sent away.
# They running out from the conference.
# They will flee from (the vicinity of) the village into fields.
# She has fled (down) from the town to the ocean.
# Who have sent letters to the king?
# They have hurled javelins down from the walls of this town.
# He has sent the tired soldiers away from the battle.
# Why are you fleeing from that place?
# They will take our wagons.

=== § 182, p. 77 ===

# Iaciet, iacient, iaciunt.
# Iacis, iaciēs, iēcistī.
# Pedēs equitim vulnerāvērunt.
# Ex Ītaliā in prōvinciam properābō.
# Et fēminae et puellae ex agrīs fugiēbant.
# Ā Germāniā in Ītaliam properāvērunt.
# Lēgātum ad conloquium dūxit.

=== § 187, p. 79 ===

# For many reasons the Romans did not send help.
# They have injured these men with stones and javelins.
# They have many wounds in (their) heads and bodies.
# Today the fathers of the sons will grieve because of the wounds.
# Our general will praise the centurions because of the great victory.
# The peril of the scouts has frightened the soldiers.
# At that time you were not fleeing onto the walls of the town on the account of injuries.
# For the lack of food we were in great danger.
# The legate has led the horsemen and the foot soldiers to a conference.

=== § 188, p. 79 ===

# Vulneribus saepe dēfessī fuimus.
# Mīlitēs nostrōs virtūte studiōque eōrum laudābo.
# Patrēs nostrī diū pugnābunt et multam praedam capient.
# Quis centuriō pīla dē mūrō iaciēbat?
# Ob inopiam cibī aquaeque Marcus et Galba, centuriōnēs, nōn cum virtūte pugnāvērunt.
# Soror mea dolet quod fēminae Britanniae miserae sunt.
# Interim explōrātōrēs imperia ducis narrābant.

=== § 191, p. 81 ===

# The victory of enemies has frightened the citizens of the city of Rome.
# I have not seen the hills and the mountains of Italy.
# The scouts and centurions have fled out from the Sabines' territory.
# The Romans have had many boats and ships on the sea.
# Because of a great danger the citizens carry food and grain into the city.
# We too will send cohorts, and we will overcome the enemies.
# The town was near a mountain.
# The citizens' bravery was pleasing to the general.

=== § 192, p. 81 ===

# Habēmusne multās navīs hodiē?
# Ōlim in collīs montibusque incolēbant.
# Fīnēs Rōmānōrum erant lātī.
# Iī cīvēs nōn idōneī bellō sunt.
# Quī pīla dē mūrīs urbium iaciunt?
# Puerī ignīs magnōs in urbe vident.

=== § 197, p. 83 ===

# Our men have seen a centurion among the prisoners.
# Neighbour(ing tribe)s lament account of that victory of the Romans.
# Why the cohorts were fleeing through the woods to the town?
# With care you (pl.) have taught your daughters with books.
# The horsemen and the foot soldiers are in front of the gate.
# We will stay in the city without danger.
# And they even have carried out from that city many things.
# She has led the scouts across a wide field.
# He was in the province with many soldiers.

=== § 198, p. 83 ===

# Post id proelium nostrōs in Germāniam mittet.
# Oppidum sine auxiliō cēpērunt.
# Fīnitimī contrā hostīs fortiter pugnābant.
# Ante oppidum erat collis.
# Apud lēgātum nūntius exspectābat.
# Per Ītaliam properābimus et apud eōs montīs hiemābimus.

=== § 210, p. 89 ===

# Caesar was a daring leader of the Romans.
# The authority of this leader has been great.
# All soldiers greatly liked Caesar because he has often overcome the enemy.
# In a war the hardships of soldiers were often severe.
# Enemies were many and brave, and they were throwing many javelins at the Romans.
# But our cohorts did not flee from the public danger.
# They have fought bravely for Rome.
# That war was short.

=== § 211, p. 89 ===

# Gladius Rōmānōrum et brevis et gravis erat.
# Pedes socium audācem habuit.
# Nostrī multās gravīs portābant.
# Dōna omnibus amīcīs meīs dabō.
# Dux equitum ācrium propter multōs labōrēs dolēbat.
# Omnīs trībūnōs ā colloquiō dīmīsit.

=== § 214, p. 90 ===

# I am hearing, I was hearing, I shall hear.
# Does she hear? She was hearing, she will hear.
# They are hearing, they were hearing, they will hear.
# We are hearing, we have heard, you (pl.) will hear.
# I have heard, you are hearing, they have heard.
# You are coming, she is coming, you (sg.) did come.
# She has come, we are coming, we have come.
# Do you (sg.) find? You (pl.) have found, you (pl.) are finding.
# I have found, she is finding, she has found.

=== § 215, p. 90 ===

# Repperit, repperērunt, vēnērunt.
# Audīs/audītis, vēnistī/vēnistis, audīvit.
# Audīvimus, reperiēbāmus, vēnimus.
# Venis/venitis, reperiēbant, veniemus.
# Audiam, audimus, audivērunt.
# Vēnit, vēnit, audiunt.
# Dēfendent, oppugnāvērunt, dēfendit.

=== § 220, p. 92 ===

# During the winter winds on the sea are violent.
# In summer the farmers were toiling on the fields.
# At daybreak they came to Caesar.
# Caesar has waged war with strong enemies.
# In a few years he has conquered all provinces.
# At what time in the night did you (pl.) come into the city?
# They capture ten scouts during the second hour of the battle.
# At that time a messenger showed the document to a legate.

=== § 221, p. 92 ===

# Brevī tempore aestās grāta veniet.
# Secundā hōrā noctis ea imperia audīvimus.
# Decem vulnera in corpore peditis repperit.
# Prīmā lūce Caesar eam cohortem inter collem montemque mīsit.
# Prīmō annō bellī ā prōvinciā fūgērunt.
# Cūr hieme bellum cum Rōmānōs nōn gessērunt?

=== § 225, p. 95 ===

# They will have bought, I had waged, you (pl.) had spent the winter.
# They had shown, you (pl.) will have heard, we had subdued.
# I shallhave kept, I had filled, you (sg.) had armed.
# You (sg.) will have dwelt, she had called, I shall have stayed.
# You (pl.) will have told, you (sg.) had sent, we shall have fled.
# I had expected, I shall have suffered, she will have strenghthened.
# She had kept in check, I had ruled, you (sg.) will have hastened.
# Labienus had praised the chief for courage.
# A strong man will have had friends many and brave.
# Caesar had waged war not only in Gaul but also in Britain.
# At what time of the night you (sg.) will have taken the arms?
# The Gauls had defended the town with great bravery.
# The Roman People had liberated the citizens of that state.

=== § 226, p. 95 ===

# Terruerimus, vēnerās, dīmīseritis.
# Pugnāverit, cēperat, dēfenderant.
# Dūxerāmus, vulnerāverint, iēcerit.
# Aedificāveris, reppererāmus, portāverint.
# Pōpulus Rōmānus longō temporē Gallōs sustinuerat.
# Prīncipēs omnīs cīvitātēs convocāverant.
# In eō locō Labiēnus multa tēpa reppererit.
# Gallī auxilium exspectāverant.
# Tandem eum collem oppugnāverāmus.

=== § 232, p. 97 ===

# The general has sent those horsemen and foot soldiers to Capua.
# Finally, because of public danger, he has hurried out of Italy to Carthago.
# These soldiers had come from Athens, and they were fighting in Gaul.
# He sent a messenger to Corinth at the second hour of that night.
# Those legates had carried the plunder to Rome.
# In that island a bold people had dwelt.
# I had been a friend of this centurio.
# From this territory all chiefs had fled to Delphi, because at that time enemies were preparing for a war.

=== § 233, p. 97 ===

# Delphīs Athēnās vēnerant.
# Domō frāter meus Corinthum properāvit.
# Caesar nūntiōs per illās cīvitātēs mīserat.
# Hīs annīs Gallī amīcī fuerant populī Rōmānī.
# Hī hostēs magnā virtūte cum Caesar pugnāverint.
# Hoc pīlum, ille gladius est.

=== § 240, p. 100 ===

# She loves, he is loved.
# He was loving, she was loved.
# She will love, he will be loved.
# They love, they are loved.
# They were loving, they were loved.
# Will they love? Will they be loved?
# We are loving, we are loved.
# I advice, I am adviced.
# I was advicing, I was being adviced.
# I will warn, I will be warned.
# You (pl.) will warn, you (pl.) will be warned.
# You (sg.) warn, you (sg.) are warned.

=== § 241, p. 101 ===

# Laudās/laudātis, laudāris/laudāminī.
# Laudābant, laudābantur.
# Laudābis/laudābitis, laudāberis/laudābiminī.
# Doceō, doceor.
# Docēmus, docēmur.
# Docēbimus, docēbimur.
# Docent, docentur.

=== § 244, p. 101 ===

# This boy was praised by my brother.
# This booty will be brought to Rome by Caesar.
# By whom is power not loved?
# Many stories about Britain will be told by these messengers.
# The town is stormed by the soldiers.
# In this fight ten men are wounded by the Gauls.
# The grain will be brought with ships.

=== § 245, p. 101 ===

# Omnēs hī Gallī āb illīs equitibus sustinebuntur.
# Frātrēs meī ab illō puerō laudābantur.
# Auxilium ā hostibus expectātur.
# Paucae cohortēs ā prīncipe vidēbantur.
# Rōma āb omnīs Rōmānīs amābātur.

=== § 250, p. 103 ===

# That woman you see is Cornelia's mother.
# The merchants are bringing many (things) into Germany.
# The brave enemies by whom our native land is laid waste are Romans.
# These men with whose bravery and determination the city was guarded will come home from war.
# The towers which were built with care will be destroyed by the enemy.
# The hostages, who are liberated by the Romans, will hurry to Athens.
# The commander of legions whom Caesar sent across the river was Labienus.

=== § 251, p. 103 ===

# Arma, quae portāvimus, nōn bona sunt.
# Eā aestāte cum Caesare, quī prōvinciam dēfendit, pugnābi(ti)s.
# Cōnsilium, quō illud oppidum vastātur, laudābō.
# Caesar decem legiōnēs in bellīs, quae cum Gallīs gessit, habuit.
# Fēmina, cui viam dēmonstrāvī, māter huius obsidis miserī est.

=== § 258, p. 106 ===

# She rules, he's ruled.
# She was ruling, he was ruled.
# She will rule, he will be ruled.
# They rule, they are ruled.
# They will rule, they will be ruled.
# You (sg.) rule, you (sg.) are ruled.
# You (sg.) were ruling, you (sg.) were ruled.
# You (sg.) will rule, you (sg.) will be ruled.
# We are ruling, we are ruled.
# You (pl.) rule, you (pl.) are ruled.
# I shall rule, I shall be ruled.
# They are seizing, they are captured.
# She was seizing, he was being captured.
# She will seize, he will be captured.
# They will seize, they will be captured.
# You (sg.) will seize, you (sg.) will be captured.
# You (sg.) seize, you (sg.) are captured.
# You (sg.) were seizing, you (sg.) were being captured.

=== § 259, p. 106 ===

# Dūcit, dūcitur.
# Dūcent, dūcentur.
# Dūcunt, dūcuntur.
# Dūcis/dūcitis, dūceris/dūciminī.
# Dūcēmus, dūcēmur.
# Mittimus, mittimur.
# Mittiturne? Mittunturne?
# Mittet, mittētur.
# Mitteris/mittiminī, mittēris/mittēminī.
# Gerēbant, gerēbam.
# Gerimus, gerēmus.
# Iacimus, iacimur.
# Iaciēbāmus, iaciēbāmur.
# Quis recipit? Quis recipiēbatur?

=== § 261, p. 107 ===

# Ambassadors have come into consul's camp for peace.
# At last these legates are led to the consul.
# They will be received well by the consul.
# No longer is the enemy's city defended.
# The weapons which were thrown down from the walls wounded many.
# The soldiers of the consul are not defeated often by the Gauls.
# The peace will be welcome to the Roman people.

=== § 262, p. 107 ===

# Labiēnus paucīs cum cohortibus Rōmā in Galliam mittētur.
# Illa oppida Galliae fortiter dēfendentur.
# Legiō ex castrīs dūcuntur.
# Hodiē multae cīvitātēs Galliae vincuntur.
# Nova cōnsilia sociōrum nostrōrum fīnitimīs nūntiābantur.
# Illī recipientur ā Caesare, quī Helvetiōs vīcit.

=== § 269, p. 109 ===

# His shield was heavy.
# Their friends have been soldiers.
# Their zeal is praised.
# I will stay with you (pl.) because of the storm.
# The war is waged against them.
# Is Marcus with you (sg.)?
# He was walking with her.
# They will hurry to Athens without you (pl.).
# We are miserable, you (pl.) are sick and exhausted.
# All your (pl.) plans are acceptable to us.
# His father and mother were received well by you (pl.)
# The remaining chiefs, who were arming themselves, did not come to the meeting.
# And thus he calls a centurion to himself and explains the plan to him.
# Caesar led the foot soldiers out the camp daily.

=== § 270, p. 109 ===

# Māter eius et pater meus tē vīdērunt.
# Nunc sunt cum mē.
# Eī, eī, eīs praemia dabō.
# Castra eōrum oppugnātur.
# Egō in oppidum tēcum properābō.
# Magnō cum labōre nōs līberāmus.
# Ea sē gladiō eius patris vulnerāvit.
# Reliquī sē interficient.
# Ea aestāte oppida eōrum ā Gallīs vāstābuntur.

=== § 272, p. 110 ===

# She hears, she's being heard.
# She was hearing, she was being heard.
# She will hear, she will be heard.
# We hear, we are being heard.
# We will hear, we will be heard.
# I shall hear, I shall be heard.
# You (pl.) hear, you (pl.) are being heard.
# You (pl.) will hear, you (pl.) will be heard.
# You (sg.) hear, you (sg.) are being heard.
# I was hearing, I was being heard.
# They hear, they are being heard.
# They were hearing, they were being heard.

=== § 273, p. 110 ===

# Impediō, impedior.
# Impediēbam, impediēbar.
# Impediam, impediar.
# Impediunt, impediuntur.
# Impedient, impedientur.
# Reperit, reperītur.
# Reperiēbat, reperiēbatur.
# Reperiet, reperiētur.

=== § 284, p. 113 ===

# Caesar, however, sent his own soldiers across the river.
# Caesar will find his (not his own) brother in the camp.
# That sick man was deprived of water.
# Afterwards that state was lacking food and grain.
# He kept soldiers away from this people by buildings and money for a long time.
# Because of want of arms the Germans left off from the battle.
# Our (troops), who had hurried to the camp of the Germans, kept them away from weapons.
# A river was cutting off our troops from the road.
# At that time boats were being built near the river by the enemy.

=== § 285, p. 113 ===

# Amīcī nostrī pecūniam carēbat.
# Hostēs sua aedificia dēfendent.
# Nōs ā cūrā līberābis/līberābitis.
# Caesar sua cōnsilia dē pāce suīs nūntiāvit.
# Posteā ex omniā potestāte Germānōs prīvābunt.
# Reliquī prīncipum ab suīs oppidīs interclūdēbantur.

=== § 287, p. 114 ===

# A man has been loved, a woman has been loved, a war has been loved.
# The men have been loved, the women have been loved, the wars have been loved.
# The soldiers had been warned, the boy will have been warned, the town had been warned.
# A farmer has been captured, a city has been ruled, a province had been ruled.
# I have been captured, I had been captured, I shall have been captured.
# You (sg.) have been heard, you (sg.) had been heard, you (sg.) will have been heard.
# We have been heard, we had been heard, we shall have been heard.

=== § 288, p. 115 ===

# Gallia monita est, Gallia monita erat, Gallia monita erit.
# Aedificia capita sunt, aedificia capita erant, aedificia capita erunt.
# Fīnēs ā Germānīs rectī erant.
# Urbēs dēfensae erunt.
# Itaque audītae erimus.

=== § 290, p. 115 ===

# Many towns in Italy have been built by the Romans.
# Few Germans there have been killed with our javelins.
# Your words will have been heard by me.
# At that time the commander was cut off from the baggage and carts.
# The war, which has been waged by Caesar, was long.
# The soldiers, who were sent to Gaul by him, lacked grain.
# The booty that had been captured by our commander has been carried to Rome without delay.
# In a meeting Caesar said to his own (troops): &quot;My plans have not been hampered by the enemy.&quot;

=== § 294, p. 117 ===

# The arrival of the legions delights us.
# Our army, however, has cut off the Germans from supplies.
# Between our (troops) and the enemy was a lake.
# Consuls were commanders of Roman armies.
# They had fought violently for a long time on the flanks.
# Labienus' camp was protected with a swamp and a lake.
# In the ports of Greece we have seen many ships during the winter.
# We observed the armed force of the enemy.

=== § 295, p. 117 ===

# Et pedibus et cornibus pugnant.
# Inter montīs multī lacūs āb eīs videntur.
# Ab adventū mercātōrum dēlectātī erāmus.
# Haec domus est mea, illa est tua.
# Prīmā luce autem commeātūs ē castrīs ad portūs portāvērunt.
# Statim Rōma ā manibus cīvium mūnita est.
# Cūr domū properās/properātis?

=== § 299, p. 119 ===

# Which way is shorter?
# Which way is the shortest?
# Nevertheless, the cavalry had travelled through the neighbouring villages.
# The Germans asked for peace from the Roman senate.
# The friendship of the allies will be very pleasing to the Roman people.
# Our army will make an attack upon the enemy.
# This river is wide, but the sea is wider.
# The Gauls certainly were very brave in the war.
# Where have you seen more brave citizens?

=== § 300, p. 119 ===

# Domus tua novissima est.
# Imperātōr equitātūs per iter longius mīsit.
# Aestās in Brītanniā nōn brevissima est.
# Hōc pīlum gravius est.
# Pāx autem ab omnibus cīvitātibus Galliae petetur.
# Impetum in turrem parvō cum studiō faciunt.
# Excercitus per silvās palūdēsque iter faciēbat.

=== § 311, p. 123 ===

# A large part of the route is narrow but very easy.
# At daybreak we saw a part of the enemy on the mountain.
# That of all the roads of the city was shortest.
# The men of Britain are different from the men of Italy.
# Straightaway ten of the soldiers leave off from the battle.
# On a beach the women were grieving because the road was difficult.
# The enemy was fiercest and swiftest ff all the Gauls.
# The most difficult is often very easy.
# They will strengthen (their) friendship with the nearest tribes.

=== § 312, p. 123 ===

# Habemusne cōpiam armōrum?
# Iter per montīs facile nōn erit.
# Quinque ex amīcīs meīs in lītore mittentur ā mē per iter facilius.
# Pars mīlitum ā reliquō excercitū interclūdēbātur.
# Manus tua similis est meae (manuī).
# Hōc est facillimum omnium itinerum per fīnīs Gallōrum.

=== § 323, p. 127 ===

# Six legions are led into the lower part of the province by Caesar.
# The roads of ''our'' city are narrower by many feet.
# A very large armed force of the enemy had been assembled, and they were preventing the Romans from march(ing).
# They have thrown very many javelins down from the higher ground.
# That tower is ten feet taller than the wall.
# A smaller fort was defended by a hundred soldiers.
# Your part of the work is larger than mine.
# Occasionally our friends give us bad advice.
# I see the top of the mountain.
# The lower (southern) part of Italy was called &quot;Great Greece&quot; on account of many Greek cities (there); the upper (northern) part of Italy, because the Gauls dwelt there, was called &quot;Cisalpine Gaul&quot; or &quot;the Nearer Gaul&quot;.

=== § 324, p. 127 ===

# Virī optimī interdum plūrimōs amīcōs nōn habent.
# In itinere plūrimī (virī) interficiēbantur; reliquī in silvām magnam fūgērunt.
# Cornēlia pede altior quam Iūlia erat.
# Gallī plūrēs equitēs quam Rōmānī habēbant.*
# Pars hostium in locīs superiōribus exspectābat.
# Cōnsilium melius senātuī praebitum est.*
# Urbēs maximae centum obsidēs Caesarī mīsērunt.

* While the imperfect tense describes, the perfect tense advances a narrative.

=== § 329, p. 129 ===

# Fathers and mothers love very greatly their own children.
# They give to them very good advice and work for them very diligently.
# At that time we will send ahead a great number of foot soldiers in that large forest, which we see from here.
# From this mountaintop I easily see six cities and a hundred roads.
# In the lowest (southern) parts of the country rivers are very small.
# Our troops have been hindered longer by the lake than the mountains.
# Most of the soldiers have been left behind near the port; the remaining (soldiers) have suddenly attacked the enemy.
# They will build walls with trees and stones.
# This river is wider than that by a hundred feet.

=== § 330, p. 129 ===

# Interdum hostēs Caesaris multō fortius quam mīlitēs Rōmānī pugnāvērunt.
# Sed mīlitēs eius ācerrimē audacissimēque pugnābant.
# Diūtissimē cum Gallīs bella gerēbat.
# Ampla praemia saepe centuriōnibus suīs deit quod multa praeda cēperant.
# In urbe Rōmae ā suīs inimīcīs interfectus est.

=== § 335, p. 131 ===

# At first Caesar pitched the camp on the top of the mountain.
# The camp has been pitched on the top of the mountain by Caesar.
# From this place the enemy have been seen on the large plain.
# Between this mountain and that plain was a river, which was hundred feet wide and five feet deep.
# However, Caesar drew up the battle line and was waiting the enemy's attack.
# For the larger part of the day his horsemen remained in the flanks.
# But the enemy did not attack, because they had a small hope of victory.
# At that time the young lacked corn for many days.
# The hills behind our camp is higher by many feet.

=== § 336, p. 131 ===

# Caesar hanc rem ē plūrimīs nūntiīs audivit.
# Eō diē fidēs Gallōrum parvissima erat.
# Flūmen in eō locō decem pedem altum erat; itaque in lītore tota impedīmenta relīquērunt.
# Hae rēs (mīlitēs) nostrī omnī spē prīvāvit.
# In Italiā sex diēs manēbimus.

=== § 345, p. 135 ===

# He sends a messenger in order that she may warn the citizens.
# A youth is being sent that the citizens may be warned.
# The legion is sent lest the town will be captured by the enemy.
# The legions are fighting bravely to capture the town.
# The boy has come so that he will hear the story.
# The boys have come so they may hear your words.
# We are sending them to govern the province.
# We send them in order that the province is ruled by them.
# You hasten to Gaul in order to wage war.
# We send ahead a hundred soldiers to fortify the camp.

=== § 346, p. 135 ===

# Mittitur ut pugnet.
# Eōs mittīmus ut viam reperiant.
# Mitteris nē in urbem hostēs impetum faciant.
# Mīlitēs ē castrīs dūcentur ut aciēs īnstruātur.
# Veniam tē mātremque (tuam) videam.
# Pugnat ut sē dēfendat.

=== § 353, p. 137 ===

# They come that they may seek peace.
# They came that they might seek peace.
# They will come that they may seek peace.
# They had come that they might have sought peace.
# They were fighting bravely lest they might be overcome by the Gauls.
# They had hurried across the river so they might storm the town.
# The legions will be sent to cut off the enemy from supplies.
# In order that they might defend the port our (troops) have been sent ahead.
# The consul will speak very boldly to rouse the &lt;s&gt;rabble&lt;/s&gt; Roman people.

=== § 354, p. 137 ===

# Labōrant ut laudent.
# Labōrābant ut laudārent.
# Labōrābunt ut laudent.
# Labōrāvērant ut laudārent.
# Dē locīs superiōribus pīla iaciēbant ut Rōmānōs impedīrent.
# Prīncipēs convocāverat ut novum cōnsilium audīrent.
# Dē proeliō dēsistent nē interficiantur.

=== § 360, p. 139 ===

# The boy acted in such a way that he was liked by everyone.
# The city has been laid waste lest it would have been captured by the enemy.
# We advice him lest he become a soldier.
# He commanded them not to travel through our province.
# So great is the lack of food that very many are sick.
# The city has been defended so bravely that for ten days it was not captured.
# The enemy have fled to the forests lest they be surrounded by our (troops).
# First Caesar ordered them to give aid to our (troops).

=== § 361, p. 139 ===

# Paucī tam erant ut fugerent.
# Erant tam fortitēs ut nōn fugerent.
# Eum moneō ut fortior sit.
# Lēgātus mīlitēs ē castrīs dūxit ut āciem īnstrueret.
# Postulat ut castra in eō locō pōnant.
# Pālus tantus est ut nostrī impediantur.

=== § 375, p. 145 ===

# She asks what they are doing, they have done.
# She knew what the were doing, they had done.
# I shall tell you why they were toiling, they have toiled.
# They had heard whence the soldiers were coming, had come.
# They asked why they were being praised, they had been praised.
# She knows why they are staying, they had stayed.
# She has told us what those boys had done.
# I asked whether she had been often in Italy.
# Do you know how many years the Romans held Britain?

=== § 376, p. 145 ===

# Tibi dīcam ubi fuissent et quid fēcerint.
# Hī veniunt ut videant, illī ut videantur.
# Dēfessī tam sunt ut hōdiē nōn labent.
# Mē rogāvit ut cūr venissem.
# Audīveram ut ubi fuisset.
# Dūx rogāvit num (illī) omnēs venīrent.
# Scīsne quot mīlitēs veniant?

=== § 383, p. 147 ===

# On the way two rivers, ten feed deep, will be found.
# The memory of these events had roused the army.
# They had marched three miles and (then) the first line of battle was drawn up.
# Caesar ordered that on the right wing were arranged the third legion and the fourth legion on the left.
# Of the three brothers Marcus was the bravest.
# For desire of victory this one legion kept back the Gauls.
# The heavy javelin of the Romans was six feet long.
# The next day they marched eight miles (away) from that place.
# The four scouts, whom had been sent ahead, fled because of fear of the enemy.

=== § 384, p. 147 ===

# Spēs praemī līberōs Marcī incitābat.
# In eō colle decem mīlia peditēs et duo mīlia equitēs īnstructī sunt.
# Impedīmentum excertitūs mīlia passuum ā lītore relictum est.
# Imperātōr secundam legiōnem prō castra īnstruet.
# Adventū duarum legiōnum hostēs ē sinistrō cornū dēcessērunt.
# Timor Caesaris Rōmānōrumque ūnam cīvitātem impedeet.
# Ūnus hominum erat mihi inimīcus.

=== § 388, p. 149* ===

# On one shore of the river there was a city, and on the other was a mountain.
# Of the two men, one was a general, the other was a tribune.
# By the courage of three legions alone the army was defended.
# One legion was placed on the right wing, and the other was placed on the left wing by Caesar.
# I will give neither of the captives food.
# Which boy is your son?
# During the summer there was not a ship in the sea.
# Why are you encouraging both of them?

=== § 389, p. 149 ===

# Caesar virtūtem tōtīus legiōnis laudāverat.
# Uter adulēscēns maiorem virtūtem dēmonstrāvit?
# Caesar sine morā cum sōlā secundā legiōne iter faciet.
# Aliī castra ponēbant, aliī aciēs īnstruēbant.
# Nūllō in locō plūrimās arborēs repperimus.

=== § 396, p. 151* ===

# To come, to give, he is able to leave.
# To be hindered, to be placed, they are able to be placed.
# Receiving rewards is often pleasing.
# Caesar has begun to lay waste to the remaining fields and towns of that state.
# To hear your words is exceedingly difficult.
# The Germans are not able to cut off supplies from the Romans.
# At once the multitude began to beg for peace.
# They ought to defend themselves.
# Who of the entire army was so strong that he endured an enemy attack?
# In the winter, days are five hours shorter than in the summer. 

=== § 397, p. 151 ===

# Castra mūrō altō munīre erit facile.
# Auxilium praebēre dēbēs/dēbētis.
# Mīlitēs decimae legiōnis incitāre nōn potest.
# Bellum gerere nōn saepe est optimum.
# Fortēs bonīque esse dēbēmus.
# Aliī pugnāre, aliī fugere coepērunt.

=== § 404, p. 154* ===

# By means of two scouts, Caesar knew that the enemies had marched six miles.
# The allies respond that they will send aid to Caesar immediately.
# The general said that he will give ample rewards to his own (men).
# They all long to be children.
# They all long for Italy to be free.
# They all see the town being bravely defended.
# Caesar ordered that the third line of battle be drawn up at once.
# He knew the Gauls were coming to make an attack. 

=== § 405, p. 154 ===

# Legātus suōs turrīs aedificāre iubēbit.
# Sciō duās legiōnēs praemissās esse.
# Per captīvōs cognōvit hostēs cibō carēre.
# Eōs in illā cīvitāte hiemāre iussit.
# Mercātōrēs respondērunt nūllum frūmentum in fīnibus Germānōrum esse.

=== § 413, p. 159* ===

# He can, he was able to, he shall be able to.
# We have been able to, they had been able to, they were able to.
# Do you know why these words of yours cannot be heard?
# Identical were the difficulties of war that he could report to you all. 
# Labienus himself knew the causes of war were very many.
# I reckon that I will purchase nothing today.
# They no longer demand that the Roman people proffer ships.
# The centurion who with eight scouts had been send to learn the way has reported that he had not been able to learn the way.
# They all were hoping that Caesar would defeat the Gauls this summer.
# The men themselves say that the weapons cannot be thrown.

=== § 414, p. 159* ===

# Potuimus, poterit, poteram.
# Potuerat, potuerint, poterāmus
# Līberī ipsī nōn iam pācem cupīvērunt.
# Dīcunt sociōs nostrōs hodiē eōdem in periculō esse. 
# Putō mē duō diē cum istō amīcō manēre. 
# Mercātōrēs nūntiāvērunt multās manūs equitum in mōntēs missās esse. 
# Putō tē pugnāre posse.
# Putāvistī mē venīre nōn posse. 

=== § 421, p. 162* ===

# Two new rivers have been found by certain bold men.
# I can no longer see any one in front of the house.
# He demanded that the weapons be surrendered at once so that the citizens would be free from fear. 
# A certain captive has declared the same thing once again.
# Each one shall be able to reply to some one.
# Some women had not only been disturbed, but also had fled. 
# The legate demanded that everyone carry grain out of the region. 
# A certain legion was hastening to Delphi on account of a hope for victory. 
# This land of yours is like the island. 

=== § 422, p. 163* ===

# Quisque dīcit Gallōs appropinquāre.
# Quiddam nōn postulat. 
# Illa puella dextrā in manū aliquid habet. 
# Parte cuiusque aestātis apud montēs collīsque habitāmus.
# Hodiē fābula nobīs ā aliquō narrābātur.
# Simul quīdam in Caesarem vēniēbant ut auxilium postulārent.
# Sciō quid quemque agere posse. 

=== § 430, p. 165* ===

# One town of the allies had been attacked by the enemy for a long time, and fortifications were ravaged daily.
# Because food and weapons have began to be lacking to the citizens, the allies have asked that Caesar send troops to help.
# Therefore Caesar has placed Labienus in charge of one legion and has sent him as an aid to the citizens.
# On the way Labienus ran into the enemy, who came from everywhere to capture the town. 
# The javelins were a hindrance to them, but the swords were a great advantage. 
# Our men have been superior to the enemy and have overcome them. 
# Labienus said that he would be a defense to the citizens.
# Do you know who was at the head of the town?

=== § 431, p. 165* ===

# Virtūs Caesarī saepe nōn dēerat. 
# Virīs fortibus praefuit. 
# Praesidiō patriae suae erat. 
# Annōs multōs bellīs proximīs nōn superfuit. 
# Principibus Gallōrum Germānōrumque praestitit. 
# Lēgātōs cīvitātibus, quae victae erant, praefēcit. 
# Mare multīs pedibus altius est quam ille lacus. 

=== § 436, p. 167* ===

# You all are willing, we are not willing, you are more willing
# He did not trust the merchants. 
# To be unwilling, to have been more willing
# They wish to persuade you all.
# He is willing to favor me.
# And they do not want to cause injury to you.
# We prefer to be of help to you. 
# Why do you not want to help your mother? Lit. Why do you not want to be a help to your mother?
# We reckon he want to rule over the cavalry. 
# At sunset the soldiers will capture the enemies' camp.
# For few desire war from these people.
# He commanded the soldiers that they bravely oppose the Gauls. 
# Neither the women nor the children were afraid. 

=== § 437, p. 167* ===

# Volēbant, nōlam, mālet.
# Auxiliō nostrīs nōlēbant.
# Amīcīs tuīs placēre nōn poterant
# Atque imperātōrī nōn persuāsērunt. 
# Eīs imperābit ut mulieribus nōn noceant. 
# Illō tempore neque Gallī neque Germānī bellō volēbant. 

=== § 447, p. 171* ===

# Some of the soldiers were fleeing and have been captured.
# Hindered by these things on this day, they did not make an attack.
# The other centurion was wounded while fighting in the first line of battle. 
# Aid had been sent to our soldiers attacking the camp.
# Certain women left in the town have determined to defend themselves. 
# Part of the enemy has been disturbed by the arrival of Caesar and has left at sunset. 
# He left the soldiers that were brought back in the winter quarters.
# The multitude of slaves, having been frightened, were fleeing from the city.
# The following day, the camp have moved.

=== § 448, p. 172* ===

# Quīdam vir resistēns ā hoste vulnerātus est. 
# Vulnerātī tam fortiter pugnavērunt ut captī esse nōn possent. 
# Commōtus difficultātibus itineris legiōnēs suōs rēdūcere cōnstituit. 
# Hī equitēs praemissī longē fortiterque Gallōs restitērunt. 
# Dē cōnsiliīs tuīs rogātus, nihil dīcam. 
# Ducēs captī in Italiam mittentur.  

=== § 457, p. 176* ===

# When the enemies had been defeated, he determined to march through the middle of the province.
# With Caesar as consul, the war with the Gauls was long.
# When a certain town had been taken by storm, a camp was placed on the very banks of this river.
# The Helvetians, having been influenced by a lack of everything, sent ambassadors to Caesar concerning surrender.
# With these things having been discovered, all were eager for war. 
# Although few were defending it, the Romans were not able to capture this town. 
# With the captives having been received into surrender, the general left behind three cohorts as relief for the camp. 
# These prisoners had been captured for the same reason while fighting quite bravely.  
# Who put the horsemen who had been sent to aid the generals in command? 
# When the city had been fortified, the citizens were no longer frightened. 

=== § 458, p. 177* ===

# Hīs verba audītibus, magnopere permōvit.
# Urbe captī, mīlitēs captīvēs līberāvērunt. 
# Tōtum diem hostēs nostrōs resistēbant. 
# Labienō duce, exercitus noster hostibus nocēre potuerint.
# Monte captī, Labienus nostrōs expectābat. 
# Ēruptiōne factī, prīmam aciem nostram appropinquāre nōn potuērunt. 

=== § 464, p. 179* ===

# He goes, we go, they were going.
# To go, having loved, they shall go.
# They go, they had gone, he has gone.
# He reported the difficulty of navigating.
# This is the reason for sending.
# He came for the purpose of sending letters.
# Diligence in action [acting/doing] pleases the leader.
# The opportunity was not given for fighting.
# Caesar has stopped speaking. 
# The time for throwing javelins at the enemy was short.
# They have come near to talk.
# He shall go with you all to enquire about their names. 
# He wanted to know where they had been going. 
# Labienus ordered that the camp be fortified with a rampart. 

=== § 465, p. 179* ===

# Īs, ībant, ierat.
# Ībimus, ieris.
# Quō iērunt?
# Eīs īre persuādet.
# Imperāvit ut eant.
# Causā quaerendī pācem vēnērunt. 
# Spatium ōrandī nōn datum est. 
# Ad nāvigandum mare appropinquābant.
# Eō diē tria mīllia passuum iērunt et occassū solis casta posuērunt.  

=== § 476, p. 183* ===

# He bears, we bear, they shall bear.
# To bear, he shall bear, to have borne.
# They are coming back to bring help.
# They had borne, he had been carried. 
# In peace-seeking.
# On account of desiring freedom.  
# By increasing men.
# Of bridge-making.
# The legion prepares itself for waging war.
# Many have come together to see the new city.
# The sign had to be given.
# With the signal given, the soldiers marched with the greatest swiftness.
# Everything had been done at once. 
# We reckon that the war ought to be arranged.
# He lacked time because of the javelin throwing. 
# Weapons are to be brought to the winter-quarters. 

=== § 477, p. 183* ===

# Fers, ferunt, tulerat. 
# Tulistī, ferēbant, ferendō.
# Auxilium ferēbatur.
# Dīxērunt scūta ferenda esse.
# Oppidī videndī.
# Causā aciēī īnstruendī. 
# Bellō gerendō.
# In acrīs vāstandīs.
# Vīs sociōrum cotīdiē auget. 
# Vīs hostium ferenda est. 
# Cohors celeritāte redūcenda est. 
# Lēgātus hīs cōpiīs praesentus erat. 

=== § 485, p. 187 ===
=== § 486, p. 187 ===
=== § 491, p. 189 ===
=== § 492, p. 189 ===
=== § 499, p. 193 ===
=== § 500, p. 193 ===
=== § 504, p. 195 ===
=== § 505, p. 195 ===

== Reading Lessons ==

Translations for the reading lessons are kept as literal as possible. These should not be taken as an example neither for translation nor reading.

=== § 96, p. 46-7 ===

Cornelia and Julia are small girls. Where do they dwell? They dwell not in Greece but in a renowned town of Italy. They are inhabitants of Rome. Italy is the native country of the Romans. Rome has wide roads and large temples. The Romans like and approve of war.
&lt;br&gt;
Cornelia is a poet's daughter. The poet often walks in wide gardens. He also sings about the long war and the flight of the Germans because he approves the victory of the Romans.
&lt;br&gt;
Julia is a farmer's daughter. The farmer has horses and new carts. The farmer's horses carry food and grain. The farmer's slaves give water to the horses. Julia likes the horses and praises the slaves. The farmer is a good master.
&lt;br&gt;
Marcus and Galba, tribunes, are friends of the girls. Marcus is a friend of the poet's and tells pleasing stories to Cornelia. Galba shows forests and islands of the sea to Julia. (During the modern times this could, and probably would, end up being understood horribly wrong, and the whole affair would end badly for both Marcus and Galba.)
&lt;br&gt;
A good woman teaches the girls. Cornelia's diligence delights the woman. She calls together the girls in the poet's garden, and she tells stories. The stories of war frighten the small girls.
&lt;br&gt;
They (= presumably the girls and the woman) often prepare gifts for Vesta. Who is Vesta? Vesta is a Roman goddess, and she has a temple. The girls often walk on Roman roads and behold the booty of Germany and Britain.

=== § 138, p. 61 ===

Romulus has built Rome, the renowned city of Italy. The Romans were strong men, and they loved their fatherland. They were fighting often for their fatherland, and with arms they subdued often the Sabines in battle. The Sabines had fine arms, and they fought with great zeal for a long time with long javelins. But the Romans put the Sabines in flight, and they wounded many men with (their) swords.

=== § 158, p. 67 ===

Mars, ancestor of the Romans, was fond of arms, battles and wars. Romulus and Remus, sons of the god of arms, have built Rome. And so, battles and wars delighted the minds of the Romans. The Romans worshipped Mercury, Neptune, and Vesta. Mercury, a messenger of the gods, related commands of the gods to inhabitants of the Earth. Sailors worshipped Neptune, the god of water and sea. Women worshipped Vesta, the goddess of hearth, and they prepared many offerings for the goddess.

=== § 169, p. 72 ===

''Marcus'': My friend told me a good story today.

''Julia'': About what did your friend tell?

''Marcus'': (He told) about Icarus, son of Daedalus, an unfortunate boy.

''Julia'': Where did Icarus live? In Britain?

''Marcus'': He did not live in Britain, but in Crete, a large and famous island. Daedalus conceived and prepared wings for (his) son. These wings he put on Icarus using wax with great care. The wings were pleasing to Daedalus. The he taught Daedalus, the boy, to fly, but Icarus flew too high. An so the sun melted the wax, and the wings fell off.

''Julia'': And what about Icarus?

''Marcus'': Icarus too fell down into the sea.

''Julia'': [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alack Alack], poor Icarus!

=== § 170, p. 73 ===

'''The Romans fight for (their) allies'''

Because injuries have been many, our allies ask for succour. And accordingly, the Romans have sent a legate with men into the land of Helvetians. Presently this legate has called men together in a town. He has bought food and carts, and he has armed the men with swords and shields. Meanwhile the allies have prepared grain. Today the legate will strengthen the spirits of the men. Then he will lead the men in neighbouring lands and will wait for a battle. The spot of that battle is near to the Helvetians('s troops). Our men will fight with great zeal for the allies, and they will subdue the Helvetians. They will lead many prisoners into the town. Those prisoners will pass the winter in our villages.

=== § 200, p. 84 ===

Porsena, an enemy of the Romans, was a famous king. Once he was besieging the city, Rome. Terror of the Romans was great, because Porsena had many soldiers. Frightened women were supplicating the gods in temples. But the bravery of a strong man protected Rome. For with a few comrades Horatius kept back the enemy in front of the Sublician bridge. Meanwhile the citizens dismantled and broke down the bridge in the rear. Then Horatius sent away (his) comrades, and he (alone) defended the bridge against the enemy. Finally the bridge fell down, and among the javelins of the enemy Horatius leapt down into the Tiber and swam to his comrades. This example of bravery saved Rome. Today we praise the deeds of Horatius.

=== § 202, p. 85 ===

Spain, Gaul, and Germany were countries of Europe. Nearest to the Strait of Gibraltar (= [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules the Pillars of Hercules]) was Spain. The Gauls lived between Spain and Germany, and Germans dwelled on the other side of Rhine. The Germans had a few villages in Gaul too. Because these nations were enemies (of the Romans), the Romans have fought with the Spaniards, the Gauls, and the Germans often.

Between Gaul and the (mediterranean) sea was a new province of Rome. For a long time the inhabitants of that province warded off violence of the Gauls. Finally they requested help from the Romans; for they were greatly afraid of the neighbouring Helvetians. The Helvetians were hostile not only to the province but also to the Germans, and they were fighting the Germans with almost daily battles.

=== § 216, p. 91 ===
M: Today I heard the story about Porsena and Horatius.

I: Who was Porsena? Was he a Roman?

M: Porsena, a noble king, was an enemy of the Romans. With daring soldiers he came into the territories of the Romans, and he attacked the city of Rome.

I: Did the Romans flee because of the danger?

M: Great was the danger of the city and of the citizens, because the enemies were brave and eager, but the Romans did not flee.

I: Did Porsena capture Rome?

M: He did not capture the city, because the bravery of a strong man was protecting the citizens. With few allies, Horatius was bravely fighting for the city.

I: Did Horatius withstand the enemies for a long time?

M: Not for a long time, because the enemies were many, and they were hurling many javelins. But he swam across the river to allies. The Romans praised Horatius on account of his courage.

=== § 222, p. 93 ===

# Once a friend asked a Spartan: &quot;Why does Spart not have walls?&quot; The Spartan responded: &quot;Our city has the very best walls, the courage of the strong inhabitants.&quot;
# Once the Spartan king said: &quot;My citizens have never asked, 'How many are the enemies?' but 'Where are they?'&quot;
# Before battle with a Spartan, an enemy said, 'You will not see the sun on account of a multitude of javelins and arrows.&quot; &quot;In shade, therefore, we will fight,&quot; responded the Spartan.

=== § 234, p. 98 ===
In Gaul, the citizens were many and strong. The chiefs of these citizens feared the power and commands of the Romans. Therefore, they had called together many soldiers and among the mountains and hills they were waiting for the Romans.

In the first year of the war, the Roman people sent Caesar against the Gauls. This leader, with Labienus and foot soldiers and a few horsemen, hasetened out of Italy in the summer and without peril came into the territories of the Gauls. In these places the scouts of Caesar found enemies.

At dawn, the Roman soldiers attacked the Gauls. Intense was the battle. The Gauls were defending the place with stones and heavy weapons. Our men were throwing javelins, and with swords they were withstanding the enemeis. Finally the weary Gauls, on account of a lack of weapons and wounds, fled across the river.

For ten years Caesar waged many wars in Gaul and he sent many captives to Rome.

=== § 236, p. 99 ===
Because the Britons had often sent aid to the Gauls, Caesar sailed to the Britain island. Although frightened by a great number of ships and men, the strong Britains fought with great courage in defense of the homeland. Yet finally they fled from shore. After this battle, the Romans had laid waste to the fields of the enemies, and had seized villages, and had captured much booty. Cassivellaunus, chief of the Britons, sent envoys to Caesar. Caesar demanded hostages. With these hostages and many captives, he came out of Britain into Gaul. On account of this victory, great was the power of the Romans in Britain.

=== § 275, p. 111 ===
At one time, the cities of Rome were rendered a great danger from the Volscians, who were bold enemies of the Roman people. The Volscians were stirred and led by Coriolanus, a Roman. At last, many buildings in the fields were laid waste by the enemies. The citizens armed themselves. The city was supplied food by the consul. In vain the enemies were hindered. Then, because of the great danger, the Romans sent the mother of Coriolanus to him regarding peace, because she was greatly loved by her son. Veturia, the mother of Coriolanus, came into the camp to her son. She found him in the camp. Coriolanus saw her and said, 'My country have conquered me and my allies.' At once he fled from the city with the enemies.

=== § 277, p. 111 ===
Many stories concerning Perseus are told by poets. Perseus was the son of Jupiter, king of the gods. His grandfather was Acrisius. He was wishing to kill Perseus; for on account of the power of the gods, he feared the boy. Therefore, he captured him while he was still a baby, and placed him with his mother in a chest. Then he cast the chest into the sea. Danae, the mother of Perseus, was fearing greatly, for a great storm was disturbing the sea. However, Perseus was sleeping in the arms of his mother.

=== § 291, p. 115 ===
Then Jupiter saw all of this, and he determined to save his son. Therefore he made the sea calm, and he drew the chest to the island of Seraphim. Polydectus was the king of this island at that time. After the ark was drawn to the shore, Danae was sleeping on the sand. After a short time she was found by a man, and she was led to the king. He received well the mother and son, and offered to them a safe dwelling in his territories.

=== § 314, p. 124 ===
Scipio and Hannibal were famous generals. The former was a Roman, who won great victories; the latter was a Carthaginian, who conquered the Romans in many battles. Hannibal, when a boy, was brought to the altar by his father. There he swore hatred against the Romans. The young man captured many towns in Spain, then he passed over the Alp mountains and often defeated the Romans in Italy. Scipio, near the Ticinus River, courageously saved the life of his father, and afterwards, near Cannae, showed himself brave against Hannibal. War was carried across into Africa, and there Scipio defeated Hannibal near Zama. He is called by the Romans, 'Africanus.'

=== § 316, p. 125 ===
Perseus, as a young man, withdrew from the island Seriphus, and, after he came to the mainland, sought Medusa. For a long time, in vain, he was seeking her for he was ignorant of the nature of the location. After a while, Mercury and Minerva showed to him the road. First unto the Graeae, the sisters of Medusa, he came. With their help he received winged shoes and a magic helmet. Mercury and Minerva gave to him a sword and mirror. Then, after he put on his feet the winged shoes, he ascended into the air. For a long time he flew through the air; finally, however, to that place where Medusa was living with the other Gorgons he came. The Gorgons were monsters whose heads were wholly covered with snakes. But their hands were made from bronze.

=== § 337, p. 132 ===
If you are doing well, it is good; I am also doing well. This letter I am gladly writing to you. By the advice of my doctor I am wintering in Italy with my parents. With you snow covers everything, but with us here we rarely see snow. The air is mild; the heavens smile. Sometimes I walk on the shore or I wander in the spacious gardens, for the grass and trees are green there. From here I see Mt. Vesuvius, from here nearly the entire city, from here the beautiful islands situated in the sea. Daily, I give much of ''my'' work in the Latin language. I learn this language much easier than Greek. But now I form the end of the letter; soon I will tell to you everything in person. Farewell, my friend.

=== § 339, p. 133 ===
The most difficult thing was the cutting off the head of the Gorgon. for by the sight of it men would be turned into stone. Because of this reason, Minerva had given to Perseus the mirror. . . . . . . . 

=== § 368, p. 142 ===
On the next day, Caesar led the army out from the camp and made a march to the river. The thing of which was reported by the enemy, whose foot-soldiers were seen by us on the top of the hill. Then Caesar placed the calvary in the sides so that they could help the foot-soldiers, and he incited the spirits of the soldiers to battle in this way: &quot;All the hope of the public affair is placed on our courage. Fortune helps the brave. The brave will conquer.&quot; The enemy then fiercely made an attack against our line so that they gave way. However for a short time the enemy were overcome so that from all sides of the battle they fled across the river. Their leader was captured and he was sent to Rome.

=== § 370, p. 143 ===
=== § 391, p. 149 ===
=== § 406, p. 156* ===
After this battle, Caesar spoke to his soldiers in a meeting thus: they had fought bravely; and so the enemy has been defeated everywhere and has fled to the mountains and the marshes; he [Caesar] would give the booty to them; he [Caesar] knew that they were tired on account of the long war and that he would send them to Italy at once; he [Caesar] wanted to remain in Gaul through the winter, but the following summer he [Caesar] would lead his own (men) to the Germans; many captives had been sent to Rome, and the Roman people were delighted by their victory. 

=== § 408, p. 156-7* ===
When Perseus saw this, he took out his sword, and, after donning his magic boots, flew through the air. Then he suddenly attacked the monster from above, and gravely wounded its neck with his sword. When the monster felt the wound, it let out a horrible noise and without delay submerged its entire body in the water. As Perseus flew around the shore, he awaited its return. But meanwhile, the sea was being tainted everywhere with blood. After a short time the beast exposed its head again; nevertheless it was soon wounded by Perseus with a more severe strike. Then it again submerged itself in the waves, and thereafter was never seen again. 

After Perseus descended to the shore, he first removed his magic boots; then came to the cliff where Andromeda was bound. But she had put away all hope of salvation, and when Perseus arrived, she had nearly died of fear. The former loosened her bonds at once and returned the girl to her father. Cepheus was affected with great joy on account of this action. And so he gave Andromeda to Perseus in matrimony. Perseus lived with his wife in this region for a few years, and existed in great honor among all Ethiopians. 

=== § 423, p. 163* ===
[From Caesar's ''Commentāriī De Bellō Gallicō'' Book I.I]

All of Gaul is divided in three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, and the third those who are called Gauls. Of all of these the bravest are the Belgae because they are neither near the Roman provinces nor do traders come to them often; and they are the nearest to the Germans, who live across the Rhine, and with whom they wage war. For this reason the Helvetians are also braver than the rest of Gaul. They struggle on account of nearly daily battles with the Germans, when they restrain them from their own territories or they themselves wage war in the Germans' territories. This part that the Gauls occupy begins at the river Rhone; and is stopped at the river Garonne, the ocean, and the Belgian territories.

=== § 438, p. 168* ===
Certain mice had a meeting once, for they greatly feared a cat. Plans that were put forward was not pleasing to all. Finally one mouse spoke thus: &quot;We ought to tie a tinnabulum to the cat's tail. Thus truly on account of his sound we shall be warned and shall be able to flee. Who of us wishes to do this?&quot; But none of the companions was persuaded to tie the tintinnabulum to the cat, and he himself was unwilling. This story teaches that very many are bold in offering advice but are afraid of the very risk [of doing so]. 

=== § 439, p. 168* ===
One time, Nasica came to the house of the poet Ennis and asked about him. The slave-girl responded that Ennius was not at home. But Nasica felt that that girl said this on account of the master's command and that Ennius was home. A few days later Ennius came to Nasica's house. She exclaims to him that Nasica is not at home. Then Ennius said, &quot;What? Do I not know your voice?&quot; Hereupon Nasica replied, &quot;You are a shameless man. I believed your slave-girl; you do not believe me myself?&quot;

=== § 440, p. 168-9* ===
[From Caesar's ''Commentāriī De Bellō Gallicō'' Book I.II]

Oregetorix was the most famous of the Helvetians for a long time. He was led by desire for the kingship and created a conspiracy of the nobility. Then he persuaded the state to hasten from their own land with all of their troops. It was easy to persuade them because the Helvetians are enclosed on all sides by the nature of the place: on one side the river Rhine, the broadest and deepest, which divided the land of the Helvetians from the Germans; on the other side by the very high Jura mountain, which is between the Sequani and the Helvetians; on the third side by lake Lemannus [Geneva] and the river Rhine, which divides our province from the Helvetians. On account of the multitude of men and the glory of war they reckoned themselves to have a small territory, which extended 240 miles in length and 180 miles in breadth.

=== § 449, p. 173* ===

# Lacaenus said to his son while hastening to battle, &quot;either on a shield or with a shield.&quot; (A Greek saying based on the fact that slain warriors would be carried home upon their shields.)
# Leonidas said to the soldiers, &quot;The enemies are near us,&quot; to which he responded, &quot;Now we are near the enemy.&quot;
# Thales, having been asked, &quot;What is common to men?&quot; responded, &quot;Hope; for truly now they have this who have nothing at all.&quot;
# A Corinthian spectator asked, &quot;You make strong and high walls. Which women inhabit this city?&quot; 
# A certain man asked Aristotle, &quot;What is friendship?&quot; Aristotle replied, &quot;One soul in two bodies.&quot; 
# Cicero said, &quot;The one that cannot tame an army is the general who cannot tame himself.&quot;  

=== § 451, p. 173-4* ===
The Helvetians, influenced by these things and having been agitated by the authority of Orgetorix, determined to buy the maximum number of carts, prepare a supply of grain, and strengthen peace and friendship with neighboring nations. 

Meanwhile Orgetorix assumed the position of ambassador towards the nations. 

During this quest he persuaded Casticus, a Sequani, whose father had possessed the Sequani kingdom for many years and had been named friend of the Roman people by the Senate, to seize the kingdom in his own nation. 

He persuaded this man to do the same for the other chiefs.

Influenced by Orgetorix's speech, these chiefs offered hostages amongst themselves, and they hoped to be able to occupy the entirety of Gaul by themselves. 

The Helvetians however did not approve of this meeting. 

Therefore they gathered together a multitude of men from the fields to avert Orgetorix's plans. 

But at this time Orgetorix suddenly died.   

=== § 479, p. 184-5 ===
=== § 494, p. 190-1 ===

== Reviews ==

=== § 68, p. 38 ===
=== § 69, p. 38 ===
=== § 70, p. 39 ===
=== § 71, p. 39 ===
=== § 72, p. 39 ===

# Rule: The subject of a sentence is in the nominative case.&lt;br&gt;''Equus natat.''
# Rule: A verb agrees with its subject in number and person.&lt;br&gt;''Equī natant.''
# Rule: The object of a verb is in the accusative case.&lt;br&gt;''Puella equum exspectat.''
# Rule: The word enoting the owner or possessor is in the genitive case.&lt;br&gt;''Equus puellae natat.''
# Rule: The cause of and action may be expressed by a dependent clause introduced by ''quod''.&lt;br&gt;''Equus natat quod puella equum exspectat.''
# Rule: The indirect object of a verb is in the dative case.&lt;br&gt;''Rēgīna puellae equum dat.''
# Rule: Plase where is commonly expressed by a phrase consisting of a preposition, usually ''in'', with the ablative case.&lt;br&gt;''Puella in agrō equum spectat.''
# Rule: -.&lt;br&gt;''Quis puellae equum dat?''&lt;br&gt;''Rēgīnane puellae equum dat?''&lt;br&gt;''Cuius equum rēgīna puellae dat?''

=== § 115, p. 54 ===
=== § 116, p. 54 ===
=== § 117, p. 55 ===
=== § 118, p. 55 ===
=== § 119, p. 55 ===

# Rule: Adjectives agree with their nouns in case, gender, and number. &lt;br&gt;''Ea puella equum bonum et parvam habet.''
# Rule: A predicate noun agrees in case with the subject of the verb. &lt;br&gt;''Cornēlia est puella.''
# Rule: A predicate adjective agrees in case, gender, and number with the subject of the verb. &lt;br&gt;''Iūlia et Cornēlia sunt amīcae.''
# Rule: An appositive agrees in case with the noun it explains. &lt;br&gt;''Cornēlia puella equum probat.''
# Rule: Certain adjectives meaning near, fit, friendly, pleasing, like, and their opposites may be accompanied by a dative to show the person or the thin toward which the quality of the adjective is directed. &lt;br&gt;''Equus Cornēliae grātus est.''

=== § 163, p. 70 ===
=== § 164, p. 70 ===
=== § 165, p. 70 ===
=== § 166, p. 71 ===
=== § 167, p. 71 ===

# Rule: The means by which an action is accomplished is expressed by the ablative without a preposition.&lt;br&gt;''Sociōs vulnerōs scutīs portāvērunt.''
# Rule: The ablative with cum is used with abstract nouns to denote the manner of an action; but cum may be omitted if an adjective modifies the noun of the phrase.&lt;br&gt;''In eō locō cum studīo pugnāvērunt; sed prō eō vīcō magnā cūrā pugnāvērunt.''
# Rule: The ablative with cum is used to show accompaniment.&lt;br&gt;''Is lēgātus in Italiam cum sociīs properāvit.''

=== § 203, p. 86 ===
=== § 204, p. 86 ===
=== § 205, p. 87 ===
=== § 206, p. 87 ===
=== § 207, p. 87 ===

# Rule: Place from which is expressed by the ablative with ''ā'' (''ab''), ''dē'' or ''ē'' (''ex'').&lt;br&gt;''Ab urbē Horātius properat.''&lt;br&gt;''Dē pontē Horātius desiluit.''&lt;br&gt;''Ē portā Horātius properāvit.''
# Rule: The place to which is expressed by the accusative with ''ad'' or ''in''.&lt;br&gt;''Ad pontem Horātius cucurrit.''&lt;br&gt;''In flūmen Horātius desilit.''
# Rule: The ablative without a preposition is used to express cause.&lt;br&gt;''Multīs vulneribus mīlitēs dēfessī sunt.''
# Rule: Cause may also be expressed by a prepositional phrase consisting of ''ob'' or ''propter'' with the accusative, or of ''dē'' or ''ex'' with the ablative.&lt;br&gt;''Ob virtūtem Horātiī eum laudāmus.''&lt;br&gt;''Rōmānī multīs dē iniūrīs cum Helvetiīs pugnāverunt.''
# Rule: -&lt;br&gt;''Ad pontem contrā hostīs Horātius properat.''&lt;br&gt;''Ante pontem inter sociōs Horātius apud hostīs pugnāvit.''&lt;br&gt;''Ob iniūriās per urbem et trāns pontem Horātius, et post Horātium cīvēs, properāvērunt.''
# Rule: -&lt;br&gt;''Ab urbe et ē portās cum sociīs prō Rōmā Horātius, sine terrōre, properat.''
# Rule: -&lt;br&gt;''Nostrī dēfessī sunt.''&lt;br&gt;''Dux dēfessōs ā proeliō dīmīsit.''

=== § 252, p. 104 ===
=== § 253, p. 104 ===
=== § 254, p. 104 ===
=== § 255, p. 105 ===
=== § 256, p. 105 ===

=== § 301, p. 120 ===
=== § 302, p. 120 ===
=== § 303, p. 121 ===
=== § 304, p. 121 ===
=== § 305, p. 121 ===

=== § 362, p. 140 ===
=== § 363, p. 140 ===
=== § 364, p. 141 ===
=== § 365, p. 141 ===
=== § 366, p. 141 ===

=== § 415, p. 160 ===
=== § 416, p. 160 ===
=== § 417, p. 161 ===
=== § 418, p. 161 ===
=== § 419, p. 161 ===

=== § 466, p. 180 ===
=== § 467, p. 180 ===
=== § 468, p. 181 ===
=== § 469, p. 181 ===
=== § 470, p. 181 ===

=== § 506, p. 196 ===
=== § 507, p. 196 ===
=== § 508, p. 197 ===
=== § 509, p. 197 ===
=== § 510, p. 197 ===
=== § 511, p. 197 ===</text>
      <sha1>h5uq4xqqc1egg6fewh44j0jntqwiwgg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641724</id>
      <parentid>4641723</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T16:16:38Z</timestamp>
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        <username>Rcmcola</username>
        <id>3394483</id>
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      <comment>/* § 368, p. 142 */</comment>
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      <text bytes="79810" sha1="erfmrxak449x7mtuacjivnapg0fhsb1" xml:space="preserve">This wikibook is an answer key to the revised 1918 edition of Collar's and Daniell's ''First Year Latin''. There are two copies of this edition in the Internet Archive: [https://archive.org/details/collaranddaniel00jenkgoog] and [https://archive.org/details/collardaniellsfi00collrich another copy]).

=== About References ===

The references are to the paragraph numbers (§ ''N'') and the original page numbers (p. ''N'') of ''First Year Latin''.

=== Abbreviations ===

{|
|-
| ''acc'' || accusative
|-
| ''act'' || active voice
|-
| ''abl'' || the ablative case
|-
| ''dat'' || the dative case
|-
| ''gen'' || the genitive case
|-
| ''imp'' || the imperative mood
|-
| ''imperf'' || the imperfect tense
|-
| ''ind'' || the indicative mood
|-
| ''inf'' || the infinitive mood
|-
| ''nom'' || the nominative case
|-
| ''pass'' || the passive voice
|-
| ''perf'' || the perfect tense
|-
| ''pl'' || the plural
|-
| ''pluperf'' || the pluperfect tense
|-
| ''sg'' || the singular
|-
| ''subj'' || the subjunctive mood
|}

=== About Prose Translations ===

All prose translations have been kept as literal as possible. This should not be taken as a model to emulate. Quite contrary, one should hardly ever aim at a literal translation instead of a fluent one.

Answers marked with a * may be written with a little more liberty by a different pupil, though are still more-or-less literal translations. 

== Exercises ==

=== § 30, p. 25 ===

# A sailor is singing.
# Sailors are singing.
# A farmer is working.
# Farmers are working.
# A girl swims.
# Girls swim.
# Cornelia draws near.
# Are the girls drawing near? (In a boys-only school this might have stirred the pupils somewhat.)
# Cornelia and the girls are singing.
# Julia works and sings.
# What is approaching?
# Are the sailors swimming?
# Who is walking?

=== § 31, p. 25 ===

# Nauta natat.
# Puellae cantant.
# Quis appropinquat?
# Appropinguantne nautae?
# Cantatne Cornēlia?
# Cornēlia et Iūlia ambulant et cantant.
# Puella cantat, et agricola labōrat.
# Nautae et agricolae labōrant.

=== § 36, p. 27 ===

# Galba has a trumpet.
# Does Galba have trumpets?
# Girls praise Cornelia and Julia.
# A sailor sees a letter.
# Galba calls together the sailors.
# Who sees Galba?
# Whom Galba is seeing?
# The farmer now calls the girls together.
# Do the sailors see land?
# Girls like Cornelia.

=== § 37, p. 27 ===

# Quis appropinquat?
# Nauta et Galba appropinquant.
# Quid agricola habet?
# Agricola terram habet.
# Laudatne Galba agricolae?
# Puella aquam et terram videt.
# Nautae agricolās convocant.
# Iūlia litterās nunc habet.

=== § 41, p. 29 ===

# She walks, calls together, sings.
# Are they calling together? Singing? Praising?
# You (sg.) swim, work, walk.
# We like, draw near, walk.
# You (pl.) are calling together, are singing, are liking.
# They like, she is giving, we are praising.
# Whom are you looking at?
# I praise the inhabitants.
# You (pl.) often praise Julia.
# But we are praising the letter.
# What are you (pl.) giving now?

=== § 42, p. 29 ===

# Natō, natat, natō.
# Labōrāsne/labōrātisne? cantāmus, laudatne?
# Appropinquant, dant, ambulās/ambulātis.
# Laudās/laudātis, natant, labōrat.
# Incolās convocāmus, sed nautās convocātis.
# Puellae aquam nunc spectant.

=== § 46, p. 31 ===

# She delights, we are routing, you set free.
# We are waiting, they carry, you delight.
# We delight, you (pl.) rout, they are setting free.
# Is she freeing? I am freeing, we are carrying.
# They are setting free the farmers' daughters.
# The poet's fortune pleases the queen.
# We are looking at the woman's daughters. (Quite possibly a true story from a boy school.)
# Does Galba's ''daughter'' expect a letter?
# Even the trumpets of the sailors put the inhabitants to flight.
# Whose letter are you carrying?

=== § 47, p. 31 ===

# Nautās rēgīnae convocō.
# Fīliae poetārum terram amant.
# Cuius fīliam liberās/liberātis?
# Laudantne fīliās Galbae?
# Agricolās nunc expectāmus.
# Quem fortūna agricolārum dēlectat?

=== § 52, p. 33 ===

# You have money.
# I teach Julia.
# You often advice the inhabitants.
# Do they frighten the girls?
# Whom are they seeing?
# We advice and we teach.
# What do we have?
# I now see a booty.
# You (pl.) see a trumpet.
# Are you (pl.) warning ''the farmers''?
# They have a letter.
# Julia teaches the poet's daughters.
# The pirates have even the farmers' money.
# The daughters' fate pleases the woman. (Obviously they got married off to better men than the boys of this school became.)
# Why do you warn Julia and Cornelia?
# Whom do you teach and advice?
# The women praise the girls because they work. (Hopefully nothing beyond the chaste exercise of weaving, though.)

=== § 53, p. 33 ===

# Monent.
# Habent.
# Moneō.
# Terrēs/terrētis.
# Vidēmus.
# Puellāsne docet?
# Pīrātamne Iūlia et Cornēlia spectant?
# Cūr pīrātae incolās terrent?
# Pecūniam et praedam habent.
# Fēminam laudāmus quod puellās docet.
# Quis vidēs/vidētis? Quid spectās/spectātis?

=== § 61, p. 35 ===

# A farmer shows the road to a woman.
# Cornelia tells the story even to the girls.
# We dwell on an island.
# Who shows the island to the poets?
# Why are the pirates remaining in the water?
# To whom are you giving the money?
# The sailors show the booty to the farmers.
# The inhabitants are approaching on the road and they are looking at the queen.
# They like the mistress because she tells stories.

=== § 62, p. 35 ===

# Cuī fēminam dēmonstrās/dēmonstrātis?
# Iūliae letterās dēmonstrō.
# Rēgīnae fābulās narrant.
# Fīlia Galbae nautīs pecūniam dat.
# Habitantne pīrātae in īnsulā?
# Cuius fīliae in viam appropinquant?

=== § 66, p. 37 ===

# Why are the poets remaining in the woods?
# To whom are you telling about the queen's victory?
# I see Julia and Cornelia in the portal.
# In Germany and Greece they often assemble the farmers.
# Do they live in the province?
# The sailors' victory frightens the farmers.
# The girls' diligence pleases the woman.
# In the fight we put to flight the pirates of Italy.
# Galba tells about the flight of the pirates.

=== § 67, p. 37 ===

# In prōvinciā Graeciae incolō.
# Silvae prōvinciārum poetīs dēlectant.
# Fīliae Iūliae pecūniam dat.
# Cuī aquam dās/dātis?
# Cuius dīligentiam laudās/laudātis?
# In viā exspectant et silvās spectant.

=== § 75, p. 41 ===

# I see a town.
# We are seeing towns.
# Is the master warning a slave?
# The tribune is looking at a horse.
# The masters' horses delight the slaves.
# Marcus is narrating a story to a friend.
# The masters give the spoils friends.
# We often call together the friends in the town.
# Slaves are approaching, and they are carrying grain and water.

=== § 76, p. 41 ===

# Quis equum tribūnī habet?
# Servī dōna dominōrum nunc habent.
# Amicōsne in hortō habēs/habētis?
# Servus frūmentum tribūnī portat.
# Cuius dōnum Marcō dēmonstrant?
# Oppidum et hortōs oppidī vidēmus.

=== § 83, p. 43 ===

# We are looking at and also approving of the large horses.
# The tribune gives a javelin to a good friend.
# The sailor's welcome gift delights Julia.
# A strong sailor has strong oars.
# A girl sees good slaves.
# Great winds do not frighten sailors.
# Where do you see the strong farmers' grain?
# They are carrying the grain in a large cart.
# The pirates are frightening the farmers because they have javelins.

=== § 84, p. 43 ===

# Carrum magnum habeō.
# Dominus bonus servum bonum habet.
# Atque servō bonō dōnum grātum dat.
# Probatne servus dōnum?
# Magnō in oppidō Graeciae nōn habitant.
# Nautās bonōs nōn convocat.
# Ubi silvam magnam vidēs/vidētis?

=== § 91, p. 45 ===

# Galba is a farmer.
# Galba is strong.
# Julia and Cornelia are my daughters.
# My daughter is small.
# Is your town large?
# Britain is an island of Europe.
# Vesta was a Roman goddess.
# The carts of the Romans were good and strong.
# War is not welcome.
# Wars aren't welcome.
# Greece is a small country of Europe.
# We are friends of the tribune.
# In the large town we see wide roads.

=== § 92, p. 45 ===

# Viae oppidī sunt longae.
# Viae Rōmae nōn erant lātae.
# Viae Britanniae sunt lātae et longae.
# Ubi es/estis?
# Dōna nova tribūnī sunt grāta.
# Deōs laudāmus quod dōna dant.
# Rōmānī sumus sed in Britanniā habitāmus.

=== § 101, p. 49 ===

# The sons of the men are in Britain.
# The men are allies.
# I am a messenger of the allies.
# We are waiting for the small boys, sons of the tribune.
# The boys have Marcus' sword and javelin.
# Who shows the way to the man?
# The battle is long, and the allies are waiting for help.
# A man and sons of the messenger are toiling in the field.
# Why are you giving rewards to the men?

=== § 102, p. 49 ===

# Fīlius nūntī est puer parvus.
# Gladium tuum vidēmus sed pilum tuum nōn habēmus.
# Puerōs parvōs et fēminam terrent.
# Virī sociōs fugant.
# Ubi nūntiī habitant?
# Gladium fīlī meī habeō.
# Bella et proelia Rōmānōs dēlectant.

=== § 105, p. 50 ===

# I see horses in Marcus', friend's, field.
# A wretched messenger is telling a miserable story of the allies' flight.
# They are giving rewards to your friends.
# Money, Cornelia's gift, is pleasing to our son.
# We are free men in a free town.
# The Greek goddesses were many.
# Our associate is miserable because he has no sword.
# They are subduing the Romans in a battle.
# Are you calling your son?
# A miserable slave prepares food for a master.

A bonus question about the translation of 10. for the boys in the back row: Are all slaves miserable because they prepare food for their masters or is this particular slave miserable because he's preparing food for his master or is this particular slave miserable because he's preparing food for a master not his own?

=== § 106, p. 51 ===

# Amīcī nostrī, Mārcus et Galba, sunt miserī.
# Multī carrī in viīs oppidī nostrī sunt.
# Fīliōs miserōs nūntiōrum convocat.
# Ubi equum tuum vides?
# Ventī nautās nōn terrent.
# Fīliī virōrum līberōrum sumus.
# Pīlum dōnum āmicī habeō.

=== § 113, p. 53 ===

# She is, she was, she will be.
# They are, they were, they will be.
# We are, we were, we will be.
# I am, I was, I will be.
# You (sg.) are, you (sg.) were, you (sg.) will be.
# You (pl.) are, you (pl.) were, you (pl.) will be.
# Certainly we were hostile towards Marcus, your son.
# Next to the town were many fields.
# Injuries of the allies were many.
# I see an island near to the (main)land.
# The winds will not be pleasing to the sailors.
# Farmers were not fit for a long war.
# Meanwhile, we will be favourable to your sons.
# Swords and javelins are suitable for a battle.

=== § 114, p. 53 ===

# Sum, sumus.
# Ubi eramus? In oppidō eram.
# Erō, erimus.
# Estne tribūnus? Sociī sunt.
# Interim vir līber eris.
# Oppida nostra Graeciae propinqua sunt.
# Virī in oppidīs nostrīs Rōmae inimīcī sunt.
# Erit magnum proelium in Britanniā.
# Librī Mārcō amicō meō grātī certē erunt.

=== § 124, p. 57 ===

# They were showing, she was preparing, you (pl.) were filling.
# I was telling, you (sg.) were seeing, we were dwelling.
# You (sg.) were overcoming, you (pl.) were having, she was approving.
# You (sg.) were singing, I was freeing, you (pl.) were staying.
# I was frightening, she was calling, you (pl). were delighting.
# I was calling together the lieutenants.
# Farmers were bringing grain and food in small carts.
# Meanwhile they were fighting with swords in forests.
# We were equipping our allies with shields.
# I was calling the lieutenant, my friend.
# They were subduing the tribune and the lieutenant in the fight with javelins.
# Your gifts were pleasing to the gods.
# The village was next to the sea.

=== § 125, p. 57 ===

# Ambulābam sed in agrō exspectābās.
# Armābāmus, manēbant.
# Appropinquābātis et pugnābant.
# In vicō labōrābant.
# Fābulīs et librīs docēbāmus.
# Amicōs vestrōs gladiīs vestriīs liberābātis.
# Cibus Helvetiīs dēfessīs grātus erat.
# Virī pīlīs longīs pugnābant.
# Lēgātus vīcum cibō et frūmentō complēbat.

=== § 130, p. 59 ===

# They will call, they will fill, they will hasten.
# Is she arming? She will overcome, we will keep.
# Will they stay? We will show, I will frighten.
# You (sg.) will work, you (pl.) will teach, I will dwell.
# Where to is the strong farmer hurrying?
# A farmer and boys will hurry to the fields.
# They toil in the fields with great zeal.
# They will carry the grain into the village with care.
# You (pl.) will build boats with great diligence.

=== § 131, p. 59 ===

# Aedificābis.
# Properābit.
# Quis nōn manēbit?
# Tenēbitis.
# Virōs aegrōs magnō cum cūrā portābimus.
# Quō lēgātus properābit?
# In Graeciam properābit atque incolās armābit.
# Ubi amīcī nostrī cum studiō pugnābunt?
# Virī nāvigia cum dīligentiā complēbant.

=== § 135, p. 61 ===

# Has she called? She has called together, she has subdued.
# They have fought, they have expected, they have worked.
# We have hastened, we have built, we have equipped.
# Did I praise? You (sg.) have called, you (pl.) have hastened.
# She has brought, she has delighted, she has given.

=== § 136, p. 61 ===

# Laudāvistī/-istis, dēmonstrāvistī/-istis, narrāvistī/-istis.
# Dedī, portāvī, liberāvī.
# Probāvērunt, cantāvērunt, natāvērunt.
# Dedimus, habitāvimus, dēmonstrāvimus.

=== § 140, p. 62 ===

# She has warned, they have warned, she has taught.
# They have taught, she has had, they have had.
# You (sg.) have frightened, you (pl.) have frightened, have you (sg.) kept?
# I have seen, have they seen? We have stayed.
# She has kept, they have kept, they have frightened.

=== § 141, p. 62 ===

# Complēvī, vīdistī, tenuimus.
# Terruit, habuit, complēvērunt.
# Mānsit, docuī, monuistis.

=== § 145, p. 63 ===

# The boys have filled our cart with grain.
# They have carried a sick girl with care.
# I have seen the shields and swords of the captives in front of the gates.
# The place was not suitable for a battle.
# The lieutenant has hurried to Germany with many men.
# He will show the cause of the war.
# I have spent the winter in Greece with your friends.
# With great risk they have stayed.

=== § 146, p. 63 ===

# Gladiī et pīla captivōs terruērunt.
# Longō in bellō cum tribūnō pugnāvērunt.
# Fēminae in Italiā hiemābant.
# Quis causam bellī lēgātō narrābit?
# Locum armīs complēvērunt.
# Rōmānī cum sociīs prō Rōmā pugnāvērunt.

=== § 148/b, p. 64 ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
| id dōnum || is nūntius || ea patria
|-
| eius dōnī || eius nūntiī || eius patriae
|-
| eī dōnō || eī nūntiō || eī patriae
|-
| id dōnum || eum nūntium || eam patriam
|-
| eō dōnō || eō nūntiō || eā patriā
|-
| ea dōna || iī nūntiī || eae patriae
|-
| eōrum dōnōrum || eōrum nūntiōrum || eārum patriārum
|-
| iīs dōnīs || iīs nūntiīs || iīs patriīs
|-
| ea dōna || eōs nūntiōs || eās patriās
|-
| iīs dōnīs || iīs nūntiīs || iīs patriīs
|}

=== § 150, p. 65 ===

# I have seen that shield.
# That sword is mine.
# That battle was long.
# I will fight with this sword.
# She has given food for that prisoner.
# That was yours.
# He was showing the danger of those lieutenants.
# We have been in Germany and in the land of the Helvetii.
# Has your daughter been sick?
# That slave's master was tired.
# That victory has delighted the Romans.
# I was hurrying to Britain with that friend.
# Where were you (pl.)?

=== § 151, p. 65 ===

# Iīs armīs pīrātās in ōceanō superābimus.
# Id auxilium Rōmānōs dēlectat.
# In iīs silvīs saepe fuī.
# Fīliōs eōrum agricolārum docuī.
# Eōs sociōs vīdistī et laudāvistī quod cum studiō pugnāvērunt.
# Quō properābatis cum eō puerō?
# Causae eius bellī fuērunt multae.

=== § 155, p. 67 ===

# Who have built that temple?
# Which lieutenants have armed those men?
# What is in that field?
# To whom does Marcus give that reward?
# To which countries is Britain near?
# Whom are you praising?
# Which book Cornelia has praised?
# With which sword have they injured the prisoner?
# What risk are you reporting?

=== § 156, p. 67 ===

# Quis nūntius deōrum erat?
# Quod dōnum eī puerō dedit?
# Cuius scūtum is servus habuit?
# Cui causās eius bellī dēmonstrāvērunt?
# Quem superāvistī?
# Quibus armīs Helvetiōs superāvērunt?
# Quō in vicō habitāvērunt?

=== § 161, p. 68 ===

# She rules, she was ruling, she will rule.
# I am buying, I was buying, I will buy.
# They are leading, they will lead, she was leading.
# She has ruled, they have ruled, she has led.
# They have led, you (sg.) have bought, you (pl.) have bought.
# I have sent, we have sent, she has sent.
# We are sending, they are sending, they will send.
# This farmer has many fields.
# He will send grain into a big town with boats.
# He will send grain into a village with strong horses.
# Who will lead the horses on the way?
# Sons of the farmer, Marcus and Galba, have led the horses, and they will lead (them) today.
# Then they will buy new arms.
# Formerly the Romans have ruled Italy well.

=== § 162, p. 69 ===

# Regunt, rēxērunt, regent.
# Dūcit, dūcēbat, dūcet.
# Ēmī, ēmimus, ēmērunt.
# Mittō, mittam, mīsī.
# Mittis, mittes, mīsistī.
# Ōlim Rōmānī multās terrās habuērunt.
# Eās terrās saepe nōn bene rēxērunt.
# Tum sociī auxilium mīsērunt.
# Quae puellae in Italiā hiemāvērunt?
# Lēgātum cum iīs captīvīs in Italiam mittam.

=== § 171/d, p. 75 ===
=== § 173, p. 75 ===

# Today I have seen the king and the general.
# We have seen the heads of many foot soldiers.
# Both kings and generals have led our soldiers.
# Besides, the horsemen were fighting bravely for the king and the general.
# They have overcome the allies with courage and zeal.
# They have injured many farmers with stones and javelins.
# Certainly the bravery of the horsemen and also the zeal of the foot soldiers will delight the legate.
# Who will procure shields for these horsemen?
# We have sent our soldiers in the forest too.

=== § 174, p. 75 ===

# Imperia rēgis fuerunt multa.
# Imperia rēgum probābimus.
# Helvetiōs virtūte eōrum mīlitum superābimus.
# Cum duce hiemābō.
# In oppidō rēgem vīdī.
# Is rēx erat dux bonus et benē rēxit.
# Cibum peditibus miserīs ēmit.
# Et arma et frūmenta in id oppidum mīsit.

=== § 181, p. 77 ===

# She will take, she takes, they take.
# I am hurling, I will hurl, I was hurling.
# They have taken, she has thrown, we have thrown.
# We have fled, we are fleeing, we have sent away.
# They running out from the conference.
# They will flee from (the vicinity of) the village into fields.
# She has fled (down) from the town to the ocean.
# Who have sent letters to the king?
# They have hurled javelins down from the walls of this town.
# He has sent the tired soldiers away from the battle.
# Why are you fleeing from that place?
# They will take our wagons.

=== § 182, p. 77 ===

# Iaciet, iacient, iaciunt.
# Iacis, iaciēs, iēcistī.
# Pedēs equitim vulnerāvērunt.
# Ex Ītaliā in prōvinciam properābō.
# Et fēminae et puellae ex agrīs fugiēbant.
# Ā Germāniā in Ītaliam properāvērunt.
# Lēgātum ad conloquium dūxit.

=== § 187, p. 79 ===

# For many reasons the Romans did not send help.
# They have injured these men with stones and javelins.
# They have many wounds in (their) heads and bodies.
# Today the fathers of the sons will grieve because of the wounds.
# Our general will praise the centurions because of the great victory.
# The peril of the scouts has frightened the soldiers.
# At that time you were not fleeing onto the walls of the town on the account of injuries.
# For the lack of food we were in great danger.
# The legate has led the horsemen and the foot soldiers to a conference.

=== § 188, p. 79 ===

# Vulneribus saepe dēfessī fuimus.
# Mīlitēs nostrōs virtūte studiōque eōrum laudābo.
# Patrēs nostrī diū pugnābunt et multam praedam capient.
# Quis centuriō pīla dē mūrō iaciēbat?
# Ob inopiam cibī aquaeque Marcus et Galba, centuriōnēs, nōn cum virtūte pugnāvērunt.
# Soror mea dolet quod fēminae Britanniae miserae sunt.
# Interim explōrātōrēs imperia ducis narrābant.

=== § 191, p. 81 ===

# The victory of enemies has frightened the citizens of the city of Rome.
# I have not seen the hills and the mountains of Italy.
# The scouts and centurions have fled out from the Sabines' territory.
# The Romans have had many boats and ships on the sea.
# Because of a great danger the citizens carry food and grain into the city.
# We too will send cohorts, and we will overcome the enemies.
# The town was near a mountain.
# The citizens' bravery was pleasing to the general.

=== § 192, p. 81 ===

# Habēmusne multās navīs hodiē?
# Ōlim in collīs montibusque incolēbant.
# Fīnēs Rōmānōrum erant lātī.
# Iī cīvēs nōn idōneī bellō sunt.
# Quī pīla dē mūrīs urbium iaciunt?
# Puerī ignīs magnōs in urbe vident.

=== § 197, p. 83 ===

# Our men have seen a centurion among the prisoners.
# Neighbour(ing tribe)s lament account of that victory of the Romans.
# Why the cohorts were fleeing through the woods to the town?
# With care you (pl.) have taught your daughters with books.
# The horsemen and the foot soldiers are in front of the gate.
# We will stay in the city without danger.
# And they even have carried out from that city many things.
# She has led the scouts across a wide field.
# He was in the province with many soldiers.

=== § 198, p. 83 ===

# Post id proelium nostrōs in Germāniam mittet.
# Oppidum sine auxiliō cēpērunt.
# Fīnitimī contrā hostīs fortiter pugnābant.
# Ante oppidum erat collis.
# Apud lēgātum nūntius exspectābat.
# Per Ītaliam properābimus et apud eōs montīs hiemābimus.

=== § 210, p. 89 ===

# Caesar was a daring leader of the Romans.
# The authority of this leader has been great.
# All soldiers greatly liked Caesar because he has often overcome the enemy.
# In a war the hardships of soldiers were often severe.
# Enemies were many and brave, and they were throwing many javelins at the Romans.
# But our cohorts did not flee from the public danger.
# They have fought bravely for Rome.
# That war was short.

=== § 211, p. 89 ===

# Gladius Rōmānōrum et brevis et gravis erat.
# Pedes socium audācem habuit.
# Nostrī multās gravīs portābant.
# Dōna omnibus amīcīs meīs dabō.
# Dux equitum ācrium propter multōs labōrēs dolēbat.
# Omnīs trībūnōs ā colloquiō dīmīsit.

=== § 214, p. 90 ===

# I am hearing, I was hearing, I shall hear.
# Does she hear? She was hearing, she will hear.
# They are hearing, they were hearing, they will hear.
# We are hearing, we have heard, you (pl.) will hear.
# I have heard, you are hearing, they have heard.
# You are coming, she is coming, you (sg.) did come.
# She has come, we are coming, we have come.
# Do you (sg.) find? You (pl.) have found, you (pl.) are finding.
# I have found, she is finding, she has found.

=== § 215, p. 90 ===

# Repperit, repperērunt, vēnērunt.
# Audīs/audītis, vēnistī/vēnistis, audīvit.
# Audīvimus, reperiēbāmus, vēnimus.
# Venis/venitis, reperiēbant, veniemus.
# Audiam, audimus, audivērunt.
# Vēnit, vēnit, audiunt.
# Dēfendent, oppugnāvērunt, dēfendit.

=== § 220, p. 92 ===

# During the winter winds on the sea are violent.
# In summer the farmers were toiling on the fields.
# At daybreak they came to Caesar.
# Caesar has waged war with strong enemies.
# In a few years he has conquered all provinces.
# At what time in the night did you (pl.) come into the city?
# They capture ten scouts during the second hour of the battle.
# At that time a messenger showed the document to a legate.

=== § 221, p. 92 ===

# Brevī tempore aestās grāta veniet.
# Secundā hōrā noctis ea imperia audīvimus.
# Decem vulnera in corpore peditis repperit.
# Prīmā lūce Caesar eam cohortem inter collem montemque mīsit.
# Prīmō annō bellī ā prōvinciā fūgērunt.
# Cūr hieme bellum cum Rōmānōs nōn gessērunt?

=== § 225, p. 95 ===

# They will have bought, I had waged, you (pl.) had spent the winter.
# They had shown, you (pl.) will have heard, we had subdued.
# I shallhave kept, I had filled, you (sg.) had armed.
# You (sg.) will have dwelt, she had called, I shall have stayed.
# You (pl.) will have told, you (sg.) had sent, we shall have fled.
# I had expected, I shall have suffered, she will have strenghthened.
# She had kept in check, I had ruled, you (sg.) will have hastened.
# Labienus had praised the chief for courage.
# A strong man will have had friends many and brave.
# Caesar had waged war not only in Gaul but also in Britain.
# At what time of the night you (sg.) will have taken the arms?
# The Gauls had defended the town with great bravery.
# The Roman People had liberated the citizens of that state.

=== § 226, p. 95 ===

# Terruerimus, vēnerās, dīmīseritis.
# Pugnāverit, cēperat, dēfenderant.
# Dūxerāmus, vulnerāverint, iēcerit.
# Aedificāveris, reppererāmus, portāverint.
# Pōpulus Rōmānus longō temporē Gallōs sustinuerat.
# Prīncipēs omnīs cīvitātēs convocāverant.
# In eō locō Labiēnus multa tēpa reppererit.
# Gallī auxilium exspectāverant.
# Tandem eum collem oppugnāverāmus.

=== § 232, p. 97 ===

# The general has sent those horsemen and foot soldiers to Capua.
# Finally, because of public danger, he has hurried out of Italy to Carthago.
# These soldiers had come from Athens, and they were fighting in Gaul.
# He sent a messenger to Corinth at the second hour of that night.
# Those legates had carried the plunder to Rome.
# In that island a bold people had dwelt.
# I had been a friend of this centurio.
# From this territory all chiefs had fled to Delphi, because at that time enemies were preparing for a war.

=== § 233, p. 97 ===

# Delphīs Athēnās vēnerant.
# Domō frāter meus Corinthum properāvit.
# Caesar nūntiōs per illās cīvitātēs mīserat.
# Hīs annīs Gallī amīcī fuerant populī Rōmānī.
# Hī hostēs magnā virtūte cum Caesar pugnāverint.
# Hoc pīlum, ille gladius est.

=== § 240, p. 100 ===

# She loves, he is loved.
# He was loving, she was loved.
# She will love, he will be loved.
# They love, they are loved.
# They were loving, they were loved.
# Will they love? Will they be loved?
# We are loving, we are loved.
# I advice, I am adviced.
# I was advicing, I was being adviced.
# I will warn, I will be warned.
# You (pl.) will warn, you (pl.) will be warned.
# You (sg.) warn, you (sg.) are warned.

=== § 241, p. 101 ===

# Laudās/laudātis, laudāris/laudāminī.
# Laudābant, laudābantur.
# Laudābis/laudābitis, laudāberis/laudābiminī.
# Doceō, doceor.
# Docēmus, docēmur.
# Docēbimus, docēbimur.
# Docent, docentur.

=== § 244, p. 101 ===

# This boy was praised by my brother.
# This booty will be brought to Rome by Caesar.
# By whom is power not loved?
# Many stories about Britain will be told by these messengers.
# The town is stormed by the soldiers.
# In this fight ten men are wounded by the Gauls.
# The grain will be brought with ships.

=== § 245, p. 101 ===

# Omnēs hī Gallī āb illīs equitibus sustinebuntur.
# Frātrēs meī ab illō puerō laudābantur.
# Auxilium ā hostibus expectātur.
# Paucae cohortēs ā prīncipe vidēbantur.
# Rōma āb omnīs Rōmānīs amābātur.

=== § 250, p. 103 ===

# That woman you see is Cornelia's mother.
# The merchants are bringing many (things) into Germany.
# The brave enemies by whom our native land is laid waste are Romans.
# These men with whose bravery and determination the city was guarded will come home from war.
# The towers which were built with care will be destroyed by the enemy.
# The hostages, who are liberated by the Romans, will hurry to Athens.
# The commander of legions whom Caesar sent across the river was Labienus.

=== § 251, p. 103 ===

# Arma, quae portāvimus, nōn bona sunt.
# Eā aestāte cum Caesare, quī prōvinciam dēfendit, pugnābi(ti)s.
# Cōnsilium, quō illud oppidum vastātur, laudābō.
# Caesar decem legiōnēs in bellīs, quae cum Gallīs gessit, habuit.
# Fēmina, cui viam dēmonstrāvī, māter huius obsidis miserī est.

=== § 258, p. 106 ===

# She rules, he's ruled.
# She was ruling, he was ruled.
# She will rule, he will be ruled.
# They rule, they are ruled.
# They will rule, they will be ruled.
# You (sg.) rule, you (sg.) are ruled.
# You (sg.) were ruling, you (sg.) were ruled.
# You (sg.) will rule, you (sg.) will be ruled.
# We are ruling, we are ruled.
# You (pl.) rule, you (pl.) are ruled.
# I shall rule, I shall be ruled.
# They are seizing, they are captured.
# She was seizing, he was being captured.
# She will seize, he will be captured.
# They will seize, they will be captured.
# You (sg.) will seize, you (sg.) will be captured.
# You (sg.) seize, you (sg.) are captured.
# You (sg.) were seizing, you (sg.) were being captured.

=== § 259, p. 106 ===

# Dūcit, dūcitur.
# Dūcent, dūcentur.
# Dūcunt, dūcuntur.
# Dūcis/dūcitis, dūceris/dūciminī.
# Dūcēmus, dūcēmur.
# Mittimus, mittimur.
# Mittiturne? Mittunturne?
# Mittet, mittētur.
# Mitteris/mittiminī, mittēris/mittēminī.
# Gerēbant, gerēbam.
# Gerimus, gerēmus.
# Iacimus, iacimur.
# Iaciēbāmus, iaciēbāmur.
# Quis recipit? Quis recipiēbatur?

=== § 261, p. 107 ===

# Ambassadors have come into consul's camp for peace.
# At last these legates are led to the consul.
# They will be received well by the consul.
# No longer is the enemy's city defended.
# The weapons which were thrown down from the walls wounded many.
# The soldiers of the consul are not defeated often by the Gauls.
# The peace will be welcome to the Roman people.

=== § 262, p. 107 ===

# Labiēnus paucīs cum cohortibus Rōmā in Galliam mittētur.
# Illa oppida Galliae fortiter dēfendentur.
# Legiō ex castrīs dūcuntur.
# Hodiē multae cīvitātēs Galliae vincuntur.
# Nova cōnsilia sociōrum nostrōrum fīnitimīs nūntiābantur.
# Illī recipientur ā Caesare, quī Helvetiōs vīcit.

=== § 269, p. 109 ===

# His shield was heavy.
# Their friends have been soldiers.
# Their zeal is praised.
# I will stay with you (pl.) because of the storm.
# The war is waged against them.
# Is Marcus with you (sg.)?
# He was walking with her.
# They will hurry to Athens without you (pl.).
# We are miserable, you (pl.) are sick and exhausted.
# All your (pl.) plans are acceptable to us.
# His father and mother were received well by you (pl.)
# The remaining chiefs, who were arming themselves, did not come to the meeting.
# And thus he calls a centurion to himself and explains the plan to him.
# Caesar led the foot soldiers out the camp daily.

=== § 270, p. 109 ===

# Māter eius et pater meus tē vīdērunt.
# Nunc sunt cum mē.
# Eī, eī, eīs praemia dabō.
# Castra eōrum oppugnātur.
# Egō in oppidum tēcum properābō.
# Magnō cum labōre nōs līberāmus.
# Ea sē gladiō eius patris vulnerāvit.
# Reliquī sē interficient.
# Ea aestāte oppida eōrum ā Gallīs vāstābuntur.

=== § 272, p. 110 ===

# She hears, she's being heard.
# She was hearing, she was being heard.
# She will hear, she will be heard.
# We hear, we are being heard.
# We will hear, we will be heard.
# I shall hear, I shall be heard.
# You (pl.) hear, you (pl.) are being heard.
# You (pl.) will hear, you (pl.) will be heard.
# You (sg.) hear, you (sg.) are being heard.
# I was hearing, I was being heard.
# They hear, they are being heard.
# They were hearing, they were being heard.

=== § 273, p. 110 ===

# Impediō, impedior.
# Impediēbam, impediēbar.
# Impediam, impediar.
# Impediunt, impediuntur.
# Impedient, impedientur.
# Reperit, reperītur.
# Reperiēbat, reperiēbatur.
# Reperiet, reperiētur.

=== § 284, p. 113 ===

# Caesar, however, sent his own soldiers across the river.
# Caesar will find his (not his own) brother in the camp.
# That sick man was deprived of water.
# Afterwards that state was lacking food and grain.
# He kept soldiers away from this people by buildings and money for a long time.
# Because of want of arms the Germans left off from the battle.
# Our (troops), who had hurried to the camp of the Germans, kept them away from weapons.
# A river was cutting off our troops from the road.
# At that time boats were being built near the river by the enemy.

=== § 285, p. 113 ===

# Amīcī nostrī pecūniam carēbat.
# Hostēs sua aedificia dēfendent.
# Nōs ā cūrā līberābis/līberābitis.
# Caesar sua cōnsilia dē pāce suīs nūntiāvit.
# Posteā ex omniā potestāte Germānōs prīvābunt.
# Reliquī prīncipum ab suīs oppidīs interclūdēbantur.

=== § 287, p. 114 ===

# A man has been loved, a woman has been loved, a war has been loved.
# The men have been loved, the women have been loved, the wars have been loved.
# The soldiers had been warned, the boy will have been warned, the town had been warned.
# A farmer has been captured, a city has been ruled, a province had been ruled.
# I have been captured, I had been captured, I shall have been captured.
# You (sg.) have been heard, you (sg.) had been heard, you (sg.) will have been heard.
# We have been heard, we had been heard, we shall have been heard.

=== § 288, p. 115 ===

# Gallia monita est, Gallia monita erat, Gallia monita erit.
# Aedificia capita sunt, aedificia capita erant, aedificia capita erunt.
# Fīnēs ā Germānīs rectī erant.
# Urbēs dēfensae erunt.
# Itaque audītae erimus.

=== § 290, p. 115 ===

# Many towns in Italy have been built by the Romans.
# Few Germans there have been killed with our javelins.
# Your words will have been heard by me.
# At that time the commander was cut off from the baggage and carts.
# The war, which has been waged by Caesar, was long.
# The soldiers, who were sent to Gaul by him, lacked grain.
# The booty that had been captured by our commander has been carried to Rome without delay.
# In a meeting Caesar said to his own (troops): &quot;My plans have not been hampered by the enemy.&quot;

=== § 294, p. 117 ===

# The arrival of the legions delights us.
# Our army, however, has cut off the Germans from supplies.
# Between our (troops) and the enemy was a lake.
# Consuls were commanders of Roman armies.
# They had fought violently for a long time on the flanks.
# Labienus' camp was protected with a swamp and a lake.
# In the ports of Greece we have seen many ships during the winter.
# We observed the armed force of the enemy.

=== § 295, p. 117 ===

# Et pedibus et cornibus pugnant.
# Inter montīs multī lacūs āb eīs videntur.
# Ab adventū mercātōrum dēlectātī erāmus.
# Haec domus est mea, illa est tua.
# Prīmā luce autem commeātūs ē castrīs ad portūs portāvērunt.
# Statim Rōma ā manibus cīvium mūnita est.
# Cūr domū properās/properātis?

=== § 299, p. 119 ===

# Which way is shorter?
# Which way is the shortest?
# Nevertheless, the cavalry had travelled through the neighbouring villages.
# The Germans asked for peace from the Roman senate.
# The friendship of the allies will be very pleasing to the Roman people.
# Our army will make an attack upon the enemy.
# This river is wide, but the sea is wider.
# The Gauls certainly were very brave in the war.
# Where have you seen more brave citizens?

=== § 300, p. 119 ===

# Domus tua novissima est.
# Imperātōr equitātūs per iter longius mīsit.
# Aestās in Brītanniā nōn brevissima est.
# Hōc pīlum gravius est.
# Pāx autem ab omnibus cīvitātibus Galliae petetur.
# Impetum in turrem parvō cum studiō faciunt.
# Excercitus per silvās palūdēsque iter faciēbat.

=== § 311, p. 123 ===

# A large part of the route is narrow but very easy.
# At daybreak we saw a part of the enemy on the mountain.
# That of all the roads of the city was shortest.
# The men of Britain are different from the men of Italy.
# Straightaway ten of the soldiers leave off from the battle.
# On a beach the women were grieving because the road was difficult.
# The enemy was fiercest and swiftest ff all the Gauls.
# The most difficult is often very easy.
# They will strengthen (their) friendship with the nearest tribes.

=== § 312, p. 123 ===

# Habemusne cōpiam armōrum?
# Iter per montīs facile nōn erit.
# Quinque ex amīcīs meīs in lītore mittentur ā mē per iter facilius.
# Pars mīlitum ā reliquō excercitū interclūdēbātur.
# Manus tua similis est meae (manuī).
# Hōc est facillimum omnium itinerum per fīnīs Gallōrum.

=== § 323, p. 127 ===

# Six legions are led into the lower part of the province by Caesar.
# The roads of ''our'' city are narrower by many feet.
# A very large armed force of the enemy had been assembled, and they were preventing the Romans from march(ing).
# They have thrown very many javelins down from the higher ground.
# That tower is ten feet taller than the wall.
# A smaller fort was defended by a hundred soldiers.
# Your part of the work is larger than mine.
# Occasionally our friends give us bad advice.
# I see the top of the mountain.
# The lower (southern) part of Italy was called &quot;Great Greece&quot; on account of many Greek cities (there); the upper (northern) part of Italy, because the Gauls dwelt there, was called &quot;Cisalpine Gaul&quot; or &quot;the Nearer Gaul&quot;.

=== § 324, p. 127 ===

# Virī optimī interdum plūrimōs amīcōs nōn habent.
# In itinere plūrimī (virī) interficiēbantur; reliquī in silvām magnam fūgērunt.
# Cornēlia pede altior quam Iūlia erat.
# Gallī plūrēs equitēs quam Rōmānī habēbant.*
# Pars hostium in locīs superiōribus exspectābat.
# Cōnsilium melius senātuī praebitum est.*
# Urbēs maximae centum obsidēs Caesarī mīsērunt.

* While the imperfect tense describes, the perfect tense advances a narrative.

=== § 329, p. 129 ===

# Fathers and mothers love very greatly their own children.
# They give to them very good advice and work for them very diligently.
# At that time we will send ahead a great number of foot soldiers in that large forest, which we see from here.
# From this mountaintop I easily see six cities and a hundred roads.
# In the lowest (southern) parts of the country rivers are very small.
# Our troops have been hindered longer by the lake than the mountains.
# Most of the soldiers have been left behind near the port; the remaining (soldiers) have suddenly attacked the enemy.
# They will build walls with trees and stones.
# This river is wider than that by a hundred feet.

=== § 330, p. 129 ===

# Interdum hostēs Caesaris multō fortius quam mīlitēs Rōmānī pugnāvērunt.
# Sed mīlitēs eius ācerrimē audacissimēque pugnābant.
# Diūtissimē cum Gallīs bella gerēbat.
# Ampla praemia saepe centuriōnibus suīs deit quod multa praeda cēperant.
# In urbe Rōmae ā suīs inimīcīs interfectus est.

=== § 335, p. 131 ===

# At first Caesar pitched the camp on the top of the mountain.
# The camp has been pitched on the top of the mountain by Caesar.
# From this place the enemy have been seen on the large plain.
# Between this mountain and that plain was a river, which was hundred feet wide and five feet deep.
# However, Caesar drew up the battle line and was waiting the enemy's attack.
# For the larger part of the day his horsemen remained in the flanks.
# But the enemy did not attack, because they had a small hope of victory.
# At that time the young lacked corn for many days.
# The hills behind our camp is higher by many feet.

=== § 336, p. 131 ===

# Caesar hanc rem ē plūrimīs nūntiīs audivit.
# Eō diē fidēs Gallōrum parvissima erat.
# Flūmen in eō locō decem pedem altum erat; itaque in lītore tota impedīmenta relīquērunt.
# Hae rēs (mīlitēs) nostrī omnī spē prīvāvit.
# In Italiā sex diēs manēbimus.

=== § 345, p. 135 ===

# He sends a messenger in order that she may warn the citizens.
# A youth is being sent that the citizens may be warned.
# The legion is sent lest the town will be captured by the enemy.
# The legions are fighting bravely to capture the town.
# The boy has come so that he will hear the story.
# The boys have come so they may hear your words.
# We are sending them to govern the province.
# We send them in order that the province is ruled by them.
# You hasten to Gaul in order to wage war.
# We send ahead a hundred soldiers to fortify the camp.

=== § 346, p. 135 ===

# Mittitur ut pugnet.
# Eōs mittīmus ut viam reperiant.
# Mitteris nē in urbem hostēs impetum faciant.
# Mīlitēs ē castrīs dūcentur ut aciēs īnstruātur.
# Veniam tē mātremque (tuam) videam.
# Pugnat ut sē dēfendat.

=== § 353, p. 137 ===

# They come that they may seek peace.
# They came that they might seek peace.
# They will come that they may seek peace.
# They had come that they might have sought peace.
# They were fighting bravely lest they might be overcome by the Gauls.
# They had hurried across the river so they might storm the town.
# The legions will be sent to cut off the enemy from supplies.
# In order that they might defend the port our (troops) have been sent ahead.
# The consul will speak very boldly to rouse the &lt;s&gt;rabble&lt;/s&gt; Roman people.

=== § 354, p. 137 ===

# Labōrant ut laudent.
# Labōrābant ut laudārent.
# Labōrābunt ut laudent.
# Labōrāvērant ut laudārent.
# Dē locīs superiōribus pīla iaciēbant ut Rōmānōs impedīrent.
# Prīncipēs convocāverat ut novum cōnsilium audīrent.
# Dē proeliō dēsistent nē interficiantur.

=== § 360, p. 139 ===

# The boy acted in such a way that he was liked by everyone.
# The city has been laid waste lest it would have been captured by the enemy.
# We advice him lest he become a soldier.
# He commanded them not to travel through our province.
# So great is the lack of food that very many are sick.
# The city has been defended so bravely that for ten days it was not captured.
# The enemy have fled to the forests lest they be surrounded by our (troops).
# First Caesar ordered them to give aid to our (troops).

=== § 361, p. 139 ===

# Paucī tam erant ut fugerent.
# Erant tam fortitēs ut nōn fugerent.
# Eum moneō ut fortior sit.
# Lēgātus mīlitēs ē castrīs dūxit ut āciem īnstrueret.
# Postulat ut castra in eō locō pōnant.
# Pālus tantus est ut nostrī impediantur.

=== § 375, p. 145 ===

# She asks what they are doing, they have done.
# She knew what the were doing, they had done.
# I shall tell you why they were toiling, they have toiled.
# They had heard whence the soldiers were coming, had come.
# They asked why they were being praised, they had been praised.
# She knows why they are staying, they had stayed.
# She has told us what those boys had done.
# I asked whether she had been often in Italy.
# Do you know how many years the Romans held Britain?

=== § 376, p. 145 ===

# Tibi dīcam ubi fuissent et quid fēcerint.
# Hī veniunt ut videant, illī ut videantur.
# Dēfessī tam sunt ut hōdiē nōn labent.
# Mē rogāvit ut cūr venissem.
# Audīveram ut ubi fuisset.
# Dūx rogāvit num (illī) omnēs venīrent.
# Scīsne quot mīlitēs veniant?

=== § 383, p. 147 ===

# On the way two rivers, ten feed deep, will be found.
# The memory of these events had roused the army.
# They had marched three miles and (then) the first line of battle was drawn up.
# Caesar ordered that on the right wing were arranged the third legion and the fourth legion on the left.
# Of the three brothers Marcus was the bravest.
# For desire of victory this one legion kept back the Gauls.
# The heavy javelin of the Romans was six feet long.
# The next day they marched eight miles (away) from that place.
# The four scouts, whom had been sent ahead, fled because of fear of the enemy.

=== § 384, p. 147 ===

# Spēs praemī līberōs Marcī incitābat.
# In eō colle decem mīlia peditēs et duo mīlia equitēs īnstructī sunt.
# Impedīmentum excertitūs mīlia passuum ā lītore relictum est.
# Imperātōr secundam legiōnem prō castra īnstruet.
# Adventū duarum legiōnum hostēs ē sinistrō cornū dēcessērunt.
# Timor Caesaris Rōmānōrumque ūnam cīvitātem impedeet.
# Ūnus hominum erat mihi inimīcus.

=== § 388, p. 149* ===

# On one shore of the river there was a city, and on the other was a mountain.
# Of the two men, one was a general, the other was a tribune.
# By the courage of three legions alone the army was defended.
# One legion was placed on the right wing, and the other was placed on the left wing by Caesar.
# I will give neither of the captives food.
# Which boy is your son?
# During the summer there was not a ship in the sea.
# Why are you encouraging both of them?

=== § 389, p. 149 ===

# Caesar virtūtem tōtīus legiōnis laudāverat.
# Uter adulēscēns maiorem virtūtem dēmonstrāvit?
# Caesar sine morā cum sōlā secundā legiōne iter faciet.
# Aliī castra ponēbant, aliī aciēs īnstruēbant.
# Nūllō in locō plūrimās arborēs repperimus.

=== § 396, p. 151* ===

# To come, to give, he is able to leave.
# To be hindered, to be placed, they are able to be placed.
# Receiving rewards is often pleasing.
# Caesar has begun to lay waste to the remaining fields and towns of that state.
# To hear your words is exceedingly difficult.
# The Germans are not able to cut off supplies from the Romans.
# At once the multitude began to beg for peace.
# They ought to defend themselves.
# Who of the entire army was so strong that he endured an enemy attack?
# In the winter, days are five hours shorter than in the summer. 

=== § 397, p. 151 ===

# Castra mūrō altō munīre erit facile.
# Auxilium praebēre dēbēs/dēbētis.
# Mīlitēs decimae legiōnis incitāre nōn potest.
# Bellum gerere nōn saepe est optimum.
# Fortēs bonīque esse dēbēmus.
# Aliī pugnāre, aliī fugere coepērunt.

=== § 404, p. 154* ===

# By means of two scouts, Caesar knew that the enemies had marched six miles.
# The allies respond that they will send aid to Caesar immediately.
# The general said that he will give ample rewards to his own (men).
# They all long to be children.
# They all long for Italy to be free.
# They all see the town being bravely defended.
# Caesar ordered that the third line of battle be drawn up at once.
# He knew the Gauls were coming to make an attack. 

=== § 405, p. 154 ===

# Legātus suōs turrīs aedificāre iubēbit.
# Sciō duās legiōnēs praemissās esse.
# Per captīvōs cognōvit hostēs cibō carēre.
# Eōs in illā cīvitāte hiemāre iussit.
# Mercātōrēs respondērunt nūllum frūmentum in fīnibus Germānōrum esse.

=== § 413, p. 159* ===

# He can, he was able to, he shall be able to.
# We have been able to, they had been able to, they were able to.
# Do you know why these words of yours cannot be heard?
# Identical were the difficulties of war that he could report to you all. 
# Labienus himself knew the causes of war were very many.
# I reckon that I will purchase nothing today.
# They no longer demand that the Roman people proffer ships.
# The centurion who with eight scouts had been send to learn the way has reported that he had not been able to learn the way.
# They all were hoping that Caesar would defeat the Gauls this summer.
# The men themselves say that the weapons cannot be thrown.

=== § 414, p. 159* ===

# Potuimus, poterit, poteram.
# Potuerat, potuerint, poterāmus
# Līberī ipsī nōn iam pācem cupīvērunt.
# Dīcunt sociōs nostrōs hodiē eōdem in periculō esse. 
# Putō mē duō diē cum istō amīcō manēre. 
# Mercātōrēs nūntiāvērunt multās manūs equitum in mōntēs missās esse. 
# Putō tē pugnāre posse.
# Putāvistī mē venīre nōn posse. 

=== § 421, p. 162* ===

# Two new rivers have been found by certain bold men.
# I can no longer see any one in front of the house.
# He demanded that the weapons be surrendered at once so that the citizens would be free from fear. 
# A certain captive has declared the same thing once again.
# Each one shall be able to reply to some one.
# Some women had not only been disturbed, but also had fled. 
# The legate demanded that everyone carry grain out of the region. 
# A certain legion was hastening to Delphi on account of a hope for victory. 
# This land of yours is like the island. 

=== § 422, p. 163* ===

# Quisque dīcit Gallōs appropinquāre.
# Quiddam nōn postulat. 
# Illa puella dextrā in manū aliquid habet. 
# Parte cuiusque aestātis apud montēs collīsque habitāmus.
# Hodiē fābula nobīs ā aliquō narrābātur.
# Simul quīdam in Caesarem vēniēbant ut auxilium postulārent.
# Sciō quid quemque agere posse. 

=== § 430, p. 165* ===

# One town of the allies had been attacked by the enemy for a long time, and fortifications were ravaged daily.
# Because food and weapons have began to be lacking to the citizens, the allies have asked that Caesar send troops to help.
# Therefore Caesar has placed Labienus in charge of one legion and has sent him as an aid to the citizens.
# On the way Labienus ran into the enemy, who came from everywhere to capture the town. 
# The javelins were a hindrance to them, but the swords were a great advantage. 
# Our men have been superior to the enemy and have overcome them. 
# Labienus said that he would be a defense to the citizens.
# Do you know who was at the head of the town?

=== § 431, p. 165* ===

# Virtūs Caesarī saepe nōn dēerat. 
# Virīs fortibus praefuit. 
# Praesidiō patriae suae erat. 
# Annōs multōs bellīs proximīs nōn superfuit. 
# Principibus Gallōrum Germānōrumque praestitit. 
# Lēgātōs cīvitātibus, quae victae erant, praefēcit. 
# Mare multīs pedibus altius est quam ille lacus. 

=== § 436, p. 167* ===

# You all are willing, we are not willing, you are more willing
# He did not trust the merchants. 
# To be unwilling, to have been more willing
# They wish to persuade you all.
# He is willing to favor me.
# And they do not want to cause injury to you.
# We prefer to be of help to you. 
# Why do you not want to help your mother? Lit. Why do you not want to be a help to your mother?
# We reckon he want to rule over the cavalry. 
# At sunset the soldiers will capture the enemies' camp.
# For few desire war from these people.
# He commanded the soldiers that they bravely oppose the Gauls. 
# Neither the women nor the children were afraid. 

=== § 437, p. 167* ===

# Volēbant, nōlam, mālet.
# Auxiliō nostrīs nōlēbant.
# Amīcīs tuīs placēre nōn poterant
# Atque imperātōrī nōn persuāsērunt. 
# Eīs imperābit ut mulieribus nōn noceant. 
# Illō tempore neque Gallī neque Germānī bellō volēbant. 

=== § 447, p. 171* ===

# Some of the soldiers were fleeing and have been captured.
# Hindered by these things on this day, they did not make an attack.
# The other centurion was wounded while fighting in the first line of battle. 
# Aid had been sent to our soldiers attacking the camp.
# Certain women left in the town have determined to defend themselves. 
# Part of the enemy has been disturbed by the arrival of Caesar and has left at sunset. 
# He left the soldiers that were brought back in the winter quarters.
# The multitude of slaves, having been frightened, were fleeing from the city.
# The following day, the camp have moved.

=== § 448, p. 172* ===

# Quīdam vir resistēns ā hoste vulnerātus est. 
# Vulnerātī tam fortiter pugnavērunt ut captī esse nōn possent. 
# Commōtus difficultātibus itineris legiōnēs suōs rēdūcere cōnstituit. 
# Hī equitēs praemissī longē fortiterque Gallōs restitērunt. 
# Dē cōnsiliīs tuīs rogātus, nihil dīcam. 
# Ducēs captī in Italiam mittentur.  

=== § 457, p. 176* ===

# When the enemies had been defeated, he determined to march through the middle of the province.
# With Caesar as consul, the war with the Gauls was long.
# When a certain town had been taken by storm, a camp was placed on the very banks of this river.
# The Helvetians, having been influenced by a lack of everything, sent ambassadors to Caesar concerning surrender.
# With these things having been discovered, all were eager for war. 
# Although few were defending it, the Romans were not able to capture this town. 
# With the captives having been received into surrender, the general left behind three cohorts as relief for the camp. 
# These prisoners had been captured for the same reason while fighting quite bravely.  
# Who put the horsemen who had been sent to aid the generals in command? 
# When the city had been fortified, the citizens were no longer frightened. 

=== § 458, p. 177* ===

# Hīs verba audītibus, magnopere permōvit.
# Urbe captī, mīlitēs captīvēs līberāvērunt. 
# Tōtum diem hostēs nostrōs resistēbant. 
# Labienō duce, exercitus noster hostibus nocēre potuerint.
# Monte captī, Labienus nostrōs expectābat. 
# Ēruptiōne factī, prīmam aciem nostram appropinquāre nōn potuērunt. 

=== § 464, p. 179* ===

# He goes, we go, they were going.
# To go, having loved, they shall go.
# They go, they had gone, he has gone.
# He reported the difficulty of navigating.
# This is the reason for sending.
# He came for the purpose of sending letters.
# Diligence in action [acting/doing] pleases the leader.
# The opportunity was not given for fighting.
# Caesar has stopped speaking. 
# The time for throwing javelins at the enemy was short.
# They have come near to talk.
# He shall go with you all to enquire about their names. 
# He wanted to know where they had been going. 
# Labienus ordered that the camp be fortified with a rampart. 

=== § 465, p. 179* ===

# Īs, ībant, ierat.
# Ībimus, ieris.
# Quō iērunt?
# Eīs īre persuādet.
# Imperāvit ut eant.
# Causā quaerendī pācem vēnērunt. 
# Spatium ōrandī nōn datum est. 
# Ad nāvigandum mare appropinquābant.
# Eō diē tria mīllia passuum iērunt et occassū solis casta posuērunt.  

=== § 476, p. 183* ===

# He bears, we bear, they shall bear.
# To bear, he shall bear, to have borne.
# They are coming back to bring help.
# They had borne, he had been carried. 
# In peace-seeking.
# On account of desiring freedom.  
# By increasing men.
# Of bridge-making.
# The legion prepares itself for waging war.
# Many have come together to see the new city.
# The sign had to be given.
# With the signal given, the soldiers marched with the greatest swiftness.
# Everything had been done at once. 
# We reckon that the war ought to be arranged.
# He lacked time because of the javelin throwing. 
# Weapons are to be brought to the winter-quarters. 

=== § 477, p. 183* ===

# Fers, ferunt, tulerat. 
# Tulistī, ferēbant, ferendō.
# Auxilium ferēbatur.
# Dīxērunt scūta ferenda esse.
# Oppidī videndī.
# Causā aciēī īnstruendī. 
# Bellō gerendō.
# In acrīs vāstandīs.
# Vīs sociōrum cotīdiē auget. 
# Vīs hostium ferenda est. 
# Cohors celeritāte redūcenda est. 
# Lēgātus hīs cōpiīs praesentus erat. 

=== § 485, p. 187 ===
=== § 486, p. 187 ===
=== § 491, p. 189 ===
=== § 492, p. 189 ===
=== § 499, p. 193 ===
=== § 500, p. 193 ===
=== § 504, p. 195 ===
=== § 505, p. 195 ===

== Reading Lessons ==

Translations for the reading lessons are kept as literal as possible. These should not be taken as an example neither for translation nor reading.

=== § 96, p. 46-7 ===

Cornelia and Julia are small girls. Where do they dwell? They dwell not in Greece but in a renowned town of Italy. They are inhabitants of Rome. Italy is the native country of the Romans. Rome has wide roads and large temples. The Romans like and approve of war.
&lt;br&gt;
Cornelia is a poet's daughter. The poet often walks in wide gardens. He also sings about the long war and the flight of the Germans because he approves the victory of the Romans.
&lt;br&gt;
Julia is a farmer's daughter. The farmer has horses and new carts. The farmer's horses carry food and grain. The farmer's slaves give water to the horses. Julia likes the horses and praises the slaves. The farmer is a good master.
&lt;br&gt;
Marcus and Galba, tribunes, are friends of the girls. Marcus is a friend of the poet's and tells pleasing stories to Cornelia. Galba shows forests and islands of the sea to Julia. (During the modern times this could, and probably would, end up being understood horribly wrong, and the whole affair would end badly for both Marcus and Galba.)
&lt;br&gt;
A good woman teaches the girls. Cornelia's diligence delights the woman. She calls together the girls in the poet's garden, and she tells stories. The stories of war frighten the small girls.
&lt;br&gt;
They (= presumably the girls and the woman) often prepare gifts for Vesta. Who is Vesta? Vesta is a Roman goddess, and she has a temple. The girls often walk on Roman roads and behold the booty of Germany and Britain.

=== § 138, p. 61 ===

Romulus has built Rome, the renowned city of Italy. The Romans were strong men, and they loved their fatherland. They were fighting often for their fatherland, and with arms they subdued often the Sabines in battle. The Sabines had fine arms, and they fought with great zeal for a long time with long javelins. But the Romans put the Sabines in flight, and they wounded many men with (their) swords.

=== § 158, p. 67 ===

Mars, ancestor of the Romans, was fond of arms, battles and wars. Romulus and Remus, sons of the god of arms, have built Rome. And so, battles and wars delighted the minds of the Romans. The Romans worshipped Mercury, Neptune, and Vesta. Mercury, a messenger of the gods, related commands of the gods to inhabitants of the Earth. Sailors worshipped Neptune, the god of water and sea. Women worshipped Vesta, the goddess of hearth, and they prepared many offerings for the goddess.

=== § 169, p. 72 ===

''Marcus'': My friend told me a good story today.

''Julia'': About what did your friend tell?

''Marcus'': (He told) about Icarus, son of Daedalus, an unfortunate boy.

''Julia'': Where did Icarus live? In Britain?

''Marcus'': He did not live in Britain, but in Crete, a large and famous island. Daedalus conceived and prepared wings for (his) son. These wings he put on Icarus using wax with great care. The wings were pleasing to Daedalus. The he taught Daedalus, the boy, to fly, but Icarus flew too high. An so the sun melted the wax, and the wings fell off.

''Julia'': And what about Icarus?

''Marcus'': Icarus too fell down into the sea.

''Julia'': [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alack Alack], poor Icarus!

=== § 170, p. 73 ===

'''The Romans fight for (their) allies'''

Because injuries have been many, our allies ask for succour. And accordingly, the Romans have sent a legate with men into the land of Helvetians. Presently this legate has called men together in a town. He has bought food and carts, and he has armed the men with swords and shields. Meanwhile the allies have prepared grain. Today the legate will strengthen the spirits of the men. Then he will lead the men in neighbouring lands and will wait for a battle. The spot of that battle is near to the Helvetians('s troops). Our men will fight with great zeal for the allies, and they will subdue the Helvetians. They will lead many prisoners into the town. Those prisoners will pass the winter in our villages.

=== § 200, p. 84 ===

Porsena, an enemy of the Romans, was a famous king. Once he was besieging the city, Rome. Terror of the Romans was great, because Porsena had many soldiers. Frightened women were supplicating the gods in temples. But the bravery of a strong man protected Rome. For with a few comrades Horatius kept back the enemy in front of the Sublician bridge. Meanwhile the citizens dismantled and broke down the bridge in the rear. Then Horatius sent away (his) comrades, and he (alone) defended the bridge against the enemy. Finally the bridge fell down, and among the javelins of the enemy Horatius leapt down into the Tiber and swam to his comrades. This example of bravery saved Rome. Today we praise the deeds of Horatius.

=== § 202, p. 85 ===

Spain, Gaul, and Germany were countries of Europe. Nearest to the Strait of Gibraltar (= [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules the Pillars of Hercules]) was Spain. The Gauls lived between Spain and Germany, and Germans dwelled on the other side of Rhine. The Germans had a few villages in Gaul too. Because these nations were enemies (of the Romans), the Romans have fought with the Spaniards, the Gauls, and the Germans often.

Between Gaul and the (mediterranean) sea was a new province of Rome. For a long time the inhabitants of that province warded off violence of the Gauls. Finally they requested help from the Romans; for they were greatly afraid of the neighbouring Helvetians. The Helvetians were hostile not only to the province but also to the Germans, and they were fighting the Germans with almost daily battles.

=== § 216, p. 91 ===
M: Today I heard the story about Porsena and Horatius.

I: Who was Porsena? Was he a Roman?

M: Porsena, a noble king, was an enemy of the Romans. With daring soldiers he came into the territories of the Romans, and he attacked the city of Rome.

I: Did the Romans flee because of the danger?

M: Great was the danger of the city and of the citizens, because the enemies were brave and eager, but the Romans did not flee.

I: Did Porsena capture Rome?

M: He did not capture the city, because the bravery of a strong man was protecting the citizens. With few allies, Horatius was bravely fighting for the city.

I: Did Horatius withstand the enemies for a long time?

M: Not for a long time, because the enemies were many, and they were hurling many javelins. But he swam across the river to allies. The Romans praised Horatius on account of his courage.

=== § 222, p. 93 ===

# Once a friend asked a Spartan: &quot;Why does Spart not have walls?&quot; The Spartan responded: &quot;Our city has the very best walls, the courage of the strong inhabitants.&quot;
# Once the Spartan king said: &quot;My citizens have never asked, 'How many are the enemies?' but 'Where are they?'&quot;
# Before battle with a Spartan, an enemy said, 'You will not see the sun on account of a multitude of javelins and arrows.&quot; &quot;In shade, therefore, we will fight,&quot; responded the Spartan.

=== § 234, p. 98 ===
In Gaul, the citizens were many and strong. The chiefs of these citizens feared the power and commands of the Romans. Therefore, they had called together many soldiers and among the mountains and hills they were waiting for the Romans.

In the first year of the war, the Roman people sent Caesar against the Gauls. This leader, with Labienus and foot soldiers and a few horsemen, hasetened out of Italy in the summer and without peril came into the territories of the Gauls. In these places the scouts of Caesar found enemies.

At dawn, the Roman soldiers attacked the Gauls. Intense was the battle. The Gauls were defending the place with stones and heavy weapons. Our men were throwing javelins, and with swords they were withstanding the enemeis. Finally the weary Gauls, on account of a lack of weapons and wounds, fled across the river.

For ten years Caesar waged many wars in Gaul and he sent many captives to Rome.

=== § 236, p. 99 ===
Because the Britons had often sent aid to the Gauls, Caesar sailed to the Britain island. Although frightened by a great number of ships and men, the strong Britains fought with great courage in defense of the homeland. Yet finally they fled from shore. After this battle, the Romans had laid waste to the fields of the enemies, and had seized villages, and had captured much booty. Cassivellaunus, chief of the Britons, sent envoys to Caesar. Caesar demanded hostages. With these hostages and many captives, he came out of Britain into Gaul. On account of this victory, great was the power of the Romans in Britain.

=== § 275, p. 111 ===
At one time, the cities of Rome were rendered a great danger from the Volscians, who were bold enemies of the Roman people. The Volscians were stirred and led by Coriolanus, a Roman. At last, many buildings in the fields were laid waste by the enemies. The citizens armed themselves. The city was supplied food by the consul. In vain the enemies were hindered. Then, because of the great danger, the Romans sent the mother of Coriolanus to him regarding peace, because she was greatly loved by her son. Veturia, the mother of Coriolanus, came into the camp to her son. She found him in the camp. Coriolanus saw her and said, 'My country have conquered me and my allies.' At once he fled from the city with the enemies.

=== § 277, p. 111 ===
Many stories concerning Perseus are told by poets. Perseus was the son of Jupiter, king of the gods. His grandfather was Acrisius. He was wishing to kill Perseus; for on account of the power of the gods, he feared the boy. Therefore, he captured him while he was still a baby, and placed him with his mother in a chest. Then he cast the chest into the sea. Danae, the mother of Perseus, was fearing greatly, for a great storm was disturbing the sea. However, Perseus was sleeping in the arms of his mother.

=== § 291, p. 115 ===
Then Jupiter saw all of this, and he determined to save his son. Therefore he made the sea calm, and he drew the chest to the island of Seraphim. Polydectus was the king of this island at that time. After the ark was drawn to the shore, Danae was sleeping on the sand. After a short time she was found by a man, and she was led to the king. He received well the mother and son, and offered to them a safe dwelling in his territories.

=== § 314, p. 124 ===
Scipio and Hannibal were famous generals. The former was a Roman, who won great victories; the latter was a Carthaginian, who conquered the Romans in many battles. Hannibal, when a boy, was brought to the altar by his father. There he swore hatred against the Romans. The young man captured many towns in Spain, then he passed over the Alp mountains and often defeated the Romans in Italy. Scipio, near the Ticinus River, courageously saved the life of his father, and afterwards, near Cannae, showed himself brave against Hannibal. War was carried across into Africa, and there Scipio defeated Hannibal near Zama. He is called by the Romans, 'Africanus.'

=== § 316, p. 125 ===
Perseus, as a young man, withdrew from the island Seriphus, and, after he came to the mainland, sought Medusa. For a long time, in vain, he was seeking her for he was ignorant of the nature of the location. After a while, Mercury and Minerva showed to him the road. First unto the Graeae, the sisters of Medusa, he came. With their help he received winged shoes and a magic helmet. Mercury and Minerva gave to him a sword and mirror. Then, after he put on his feet the winged shoes, he ascended into the air. For a long time he flew through the air; finally, however, to that place where Medusa was living with the other Gorgons he came. The Gorgons were monsters whose heads were wholly covered with snakes. But their hands were made from bronze.

=== § 337, p. 132 ===
If you are doing well, it is good; I am also doing well. This letter I am gladly writing to you. By the advice of my doctor I am wintering in Italy with my parents. With you snow covers everything, but with us here we rarely see snow. The air is mild; the heavens smile. Sometimes I walk on the shore or I wander in the spacious gardens, for the grass and trees are green there. From here I see Mt. Vesuvius, from here nearly the entire city, from here the beautiful islands situated in the sea. Daily, I give much of ''my'' work in the Latin language. I learn this language much easier than Greek. But now I form the end of the letter; soon I will tell to you everything in person. Farewell, my friend.

=== § 339, p. 133 ===
The most difficult thing was the cutting off the head of the Gorgon. for by the sight of it men would be turned into stone. Because of this reason, Minerva had given to Perseus the mirror. . . . . . . . 

=== § 368, p. 142 ===
On the next day, Caesar led the army out from the camp and made a march to the river. The thing was reported by the enemy, whose foot-soldiers were seen by us on the top of the hill. Then Caesar placed the calvary in the sides so that they could help the foot-soldiers, and he incited the spirits of the soldiers to battle in this way: &quot;All the hope of the public affair is placed on our courage. Fortune helps the brave. The brave will conquer.&quot; The enemy then fiercely made an attack against our line so that they gave way. However for a short time the enemy were overcome so that from all sides of the battle they fled across the river. Their leader was captured and he was sent to Rome.

=== § 370, p. 143 ===
=== § 391, p. 149 ===
=== § 406, p. 156* ===
After this battle, Caesar spoke to his soldiers in a meeting thus: they had fought bravely; and so the enemy has been defeated everywhere and has fled to the mountains and the marshes; he [Caesar] would give the booty to them; he [Caesar] knew that they were tired on account of the long war and that he would send them to Italy at once; he [Caesar] wanted to remain in Gaul through the winter, but the following summer he [Caesar] would lead his own (men) to the Germans; many captives had been sent to Rome, and the Roman people were delighted by their victory. 

=== § 408, p. 156-7* ===
When Perseus saw this, he took out his sword, and, after donning his magic boots, flew through the air. Then he suddenly attacked the monster from above, and gravely wounded its neck with his sword. When the monster felt the wound, it let out a horrible noise and without delay submerged its entire body in the water. As Perseus flew around the shore, he awaited its return. But meanwhile, the sea was being tainted everywhere with blood. After a short time the beast exposed its head again; nevertheless it was soon wounded by Perseus with a more severe strike. Then it again submerged itself in the waves, and thereafter was never seen again. 

After Perseus descended to the shore, he first removed his magic boots; then came to the cliff where Andromeda was bound. But she had put away all hope of salvation, and when Perseus arrived, she had nearly died of fear. The former loosened her bonds at once and returned the girl to her father. Cepheus was affected with great joy on account of this action. And so he gave Andromeda to Perseus in matrimony. Perseus lived with his wife in this region for a few years, and existed in great honor among all Ethiopians. 

=== § 423, p. 163* ===
[From Caesar's ''Commentāriī De Bellō Gallicō'' Book I.I]

All of Gaul is divided in three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, and the third those who are called Gauls. Of all of these the bravest are the Belgae because they are neither near the Roman provinces nor do traders come to them often; and they are the nearest to the Germans, who live across the Rhine, and with whom they wage war. For this reason the Helvetians are also braver than the rest of Gaul. They struggle on account of nearly daily battles with the Germans, when they restrain them from their own territories or they themselves wage war in the Germans' territories. This part that the Gauls occupy begins at the river Rhone; and is stopped at the river Garonne, the ocean, and the Belgian territories.

=== § 438, p. 168* ===
Certain mice had a meeting once, for they greatly feared a cat. Plans that were put forward was not pleasing to all. Finally one mouse spoke thus: &quot;We ought to tie a tinnabulum to the cat's tail. Thus truly on account of his sound we shall be warned and shall be able to flee. Who of us wishes to do this?&quot; But none of the companions was persuaded to tie the tintinnabulum to the cat, and he himself was unwilling. This story teaches that very many are bold in offering advice but are afraid of the very risk [of doing so]. 

=== § 439, p. 168* ===
One time, Nasica came to the house of the poet Ennis and asked about him. The slave-girl responded that Ennius was not at home. But Nasica felt that that girl said this on account of the master's command and that Ennius was home. A few days later Ennius came to Nasica's house. She exclaims to him that Nasica is not at home. Then Ennius said, &quot;What? Do I not know your voice?&quot; Hereupon Nasica replied, &quot;You are a shameless man. I believed your slave-girl; you do not believe me myself?&quot;

=== § 440, p. 168-9* ===
[From Caesar's ''Commentāriī De Bellō Gallicō'' Book I.II]

Oregetorix was the most famous of the Helvetians for a long time. He was led by desire for the kingship and created a conspiracy of the nobility. Then he persuaded the state to hasten from their own land with all of their troops. It was easy to persuade them because the Helvetians are enclosed on all sides by the nature of the place: on one side the river Rhine, the broadest and deepest, which divided the land of the Helvetians from the Germans; on the other side by the very high Jura mountain, which is between the Sequani and the Helvetians; on the third side by lake Lemannus [Geneva] and the river Rhine, which divides our province from the Helvetians. On account of the multitude of men and the glory of war they reckoned themselves to have a small territory, which extended 240 miles in length and 180 miles in breadth.

=== § 449, p. 173* ===

# Lacaenus said to his son while hastening to battle, &quot;either on a shield or with a shield.&quot; (A Greek saying based on the fact that slain warriors would be carried home upon their shields.)
# Leonidas said to the soldiers, &quot;The enemies are near us,&quot; to which he responded, &quot;Now we are near the enemy.&quot;
# Thales, having been asked, &quot;What is common to men?&quot; responded, &quot;Hope; for truly now they have this who have nothing at all.&quot;
# A Corinthian spectator asked, &quot;You make strong and high walls. Which women inhabit this city?&quot; 
# A certain man asked Aristotle, &quot;What is friendship?&quot; Aristotle replied, &quot;One soul in two bodies.&quot; 
# Cicero said, &quot;The one that cannot tame an army is the general who cannot tame himself.&quot;  

=== § 451, p. 173-4* ===
The Helvetians, influenced by these things and having been agitated by the authority of Orgetorix, determined to buy the maximum number of carts, prepare a supply of grain, and strengthen peace and friendship with neighboring nations. 

Meanwhile Orgetorix assumed the position of ambassador towards the nations. 

During this quest he persuaded Casticus, a Sequani, whose father had possessed the Sequani kingdom for many years and had been named friend of the Roman people by the Senate, to seize the kingdom in his own nation. 

He persuaded this man to do the same for the other chiefs.

Influenced by Orgetorix's speech, these chiefs offered hostages amongst themselves, and they hoped to be able to occupy the entirety of Gaul by themselves. 

The Helvetians however did not approve of this meeting. 

Therefore they gathered together a multitude of men from the fields to avert Orgetorix's plans. 

But at this time Orgetorix suddenly died.   

=== § 479, p. 184-5 ===
=== § 494, p. 190-1 ===

== Reviews ==

=== § 68, p. 38 ===
=== § 69, p. 38 ===
=== § 70, p. 39 ===
=== § 71, p. 39 ===
=== § 72, p. 39 ===

# Rule: The subject of a sentence is in the nominative case.&lt;br&gt;''Equus natat.''
# Rule: A verb agrees with its subject in number and person.&lt;br&gt;''Equī natant.''
# Rule: The object of a verb is in the accusative case.&lt;br&gt;''Puella equum exspectat.''
# Rule: The word enoting the owner or possessor is in the genitive case.&lt;br&gt;''Equus puellae natat.''
# Rule: The cause of and action may be expressed by a dependent clause introduced by ''quod''.&lt;br&gt;''Equus natat quod puella equum exspectat.''
# Rule: The indirect object of a verb is in the dative case.&lt;br&gt;''Rēgīna puellae equum dat.''
# Rule: Plase where is commonly expressed by a phrase consisting of a preposition, usually ''in'', with the ablative case.&lt;br&gt;''Puella in agrō equum spectat.''
# Rule: -.&lt;br&gt;''Quis puellae equum dat?''&lt;br&gt;''Rēgīnane puellae equum dat?''&lt;br&gt;''Cuius equum rēgīna puellae dat?''

=== § 115, p. 54 ===
=== § 116, p. 54 ===
=== § 117, p. 55 ===
=== § 118, p. 55 ===
=== § 119, p. 55 ===

# Rule: Adjectives agree with their nouns in case, gender, and number. &lt;br&gt;''Ea puella equum bonum et parvam habet.''
# Rule: A predicate noun agrees in case with the subject of the verb. &lt;br&gt;''Cornēlia est puella.''
# Rule: A predicate adjective agrees in case, gender, and number with the subject of the verb. &lt;br&gt;''Iūlia et Cornēlia sunt amīcae.''
# Rule: An appositive agrees in case with the noun it explains. &lt;br&gt;''Cornēlia puella equum probat.''
# Rule: Certain adjectives meaning near, fit, friendly, pleasing, like, and their opposites may be accompanied by a dative to show the person or the thin toward which the quality of the adjective is directed. &lt;br&gt;''Equus Cornēliae grātus est.''

=== § 163, p. 70 ===
=== § 164, p. 70 ===
=== § 165, p. 70 ===
=== § 166, p. 71 ===
=== § 167, p. 71 ===

# Rule: The means by which an action is accomplished is expressed by the ablative without a preposition.&lt;br&gt;''Sociōs vulnerōs scutīs portāvērunt.''
# Rule: The ablative with cum is used with abstract nouns to denote the manner of an action; but cum may be omitted if an adjective modifies the noun of the phrase.&lt;br&gt;''In eō locō cum studīo pugnāvērunt; sed prō eō vīcō magnā cūrā pugnāvērunt.''
# Rule: The ablative with cum is used to show accompaniment.&lt;br&gt;''Is lēgātus in Italiam cum sociīs properāvit.''

=== § 203, p. 86 ===
=== § 204, p. 86 ===
=== § 205, p. 87 ===
=== § 206, p. 87 ===
=== § 207, p. 87 ===

# Rule: Place from which is expressed by the ablative with ''ā'' (''ab''), ''dē'' or ''ē'' (''ex'').&lt;br&gt;''Ab urbē Horātius properat.''&lt;br&gt;''Dē pontē Horātius desiluit.''&lt;br&gt;''Ē portā Horātius properāvit.''
# Rule: The place to which is expressed by the accusative with ''ad'' or ''in''.&lt;br&gt;''Ad pontem Horātius cucurrit.''&lt;br&gt;''In flūmen Horātius desilit.''
# Rule: The ablative without a preposition is used to express cause.&lt;br&gt;''Multīs vulneribus mīlitēs dēfessī sunt.''
# Rule: Cause may also be expressed by a prepositional phrase consisting of ''ob'' or ''propter'' with the accusative, or of ''dē'' or ''ex'' with the ablative.&lt;br&gt;''Ob virtūtem Horātiī eum laudāmus.''&lt;br&gt;''Rōmānī multīs dē iniūrīs cum Helvetiīs pugnāverunt.''
# Rule: -&lt;br&gt;''Ad pontem contrā hostīs Horātius properat.''&lt;br&gt;''Ante pontem inter sociōs Horātius apud hostīs pugnāvit.''&lt;br&gt;''Ob iniūriās per urbem et trāns pontem Horātius, et post Horātium cīvēs, properāvērunt.''
# Rule: -&lt;br&gt;''Ab urbe et ē portās cum sociīs prō Rōmā Horātius, sine terrōre, properat.''
# Rule: -&lt;br&gt;''Nostrī dēfessī sunt.''&lt;br&gt;''Dux dēfessōs ā proeliō dīmīsit.''

=== § 252, p. 104 ===
=== § 253, p. 104 ===
=== § 254, p. 104 ===
=== § 255, p. 105 ===
=== § 256, p. 105 ===

=== § 301, p. 120 ===
=== § 302, p. 120 ===
=== § 303, p. 121 ===
=== § 304, p. 121 ===
=== § 305, p. 121 ===

=== § 362, p. 140 ===
=== § 363, p. 140 ===
=== § 364, p. 141 ===
=== § 365, p. 141 ===
=== § 366, p. 141 ===

=== § 415, p. 160 ===
=== § 416, p. 160 ===
=== § 417, p. 161 ===
=== § 418, p. 161 ===
=== § 419, p. 161 ===

=== § 466, p. 180 ===
=== § 467, p. 180 ===
=== § 468, p. 181 ===
=== § 469, p. 181 ===
=== § 470, p. 181 ===

=== § 506, p. 196 ===
=== § 507, p. 196 ===
=== § 508, p. 197 ===
=== § 509, p. 197 ===
=== § 510, p. 197 ===
=== § 511, p. 197 ===</text>
      <sha1>erfmrxak449x7mtuacjivnapg0fhsb1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641725</id>
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      <text bytes="80264" sha1="f0tgklxf8m2kwpi2cm4765inl785qiy" xml:space="preserve">This wikibook is an answer key to the revised 1918 edition of Collar's and Daniell's ''First Year Latin''. There are two copies of this edition in the Internet Archive: [https://archive.org/details/collaranddaniel00jenkgoog] and [https://archive.org/details/collardaniellsfi00collrich another copy]).

=== About References ===

The references are to the paragraph numbers (§ ''N'') and the original page numbers (p. ''N'') of ''First Year Latin''.

=== Abbreviations ===

{|
|-
| ''acc'' || accusative
|-
| ''act'' || active voice
|-
| ''abl'' || the ablative case
|-
| ''dat'' || the dative case
|-
| ''gen'' || the genitive case
|-
| ''imp'' || the imperative mood
|-
| ''imperf'' || the imperfect tense
|-
| ''ind'' || the indicative mood
|-
| ''inf'' || the infinitive mood
|-
| ''nom'' || the nominative case
|-
| ''pass'' || the passive voice
|-
| ''perf'' || the perfect tense
|-
| ''pl'' || the plural
|-
| ''pluperf'' || the pluperfect tense
|-
| ''sg'' || the singular
|-
| ''subj'' || the subjunctive mood
|}

=== About Prose Translations ===

All prose translations have been kept as literal as possible. This should not be taken as a model to emulate. Quite contrary, one should hardly ever aim at a literal translation instead of a fluent one.

Answers marked with a * may be written with a little more liberty by a different pupil, though are still more-or-less literal translations. 

== Exercises ==

=== § 30, p. 25 ===

# A sailor is singing.
# Sailors are singing.
# A farmer is working.
# Farmers are working.
# A girl swims.
# Girls swim.
# Cornelia draws near.
# Are the girls drawing near? (In a boys-only school this might have stirred the pupils somewhat.)
# Cornelia and the girls are singing.
# Julia works and sings.
# What is approaching?
# Are the sailors swimming?
# Who is walking?

=== § 31, p. 25 ===

# Nauta natat.
# Puellae cantant.
# Quis appropinquat?
# Appropinguantne nautae?
# Cantatne Cornēlia?
# Cornēlia et Iūlia ambulant et cantant.
# Puella cantat, et agricola labōrat.
# Nautae et agricolae labōrant.

=== § 36, p. 27 ===

# Galba has a trumpet.
# Does Galba have trumpets?
# Girls praise Cornelia and Julia.
# A sailor sees a letter.
# Galba calls together the sailors.
# Who sees Galba?
# Whom Galba is seeing?
# The farmer now calls the girls together.
# Do the sailors see land?
# Girls like Cornelia.

=== § 37, p. 27 ===

# Quis appropinquat?
# Nauta et Galba appropinquant.
# Quid agricola habet?
# Agricola terram habet.
# Laudatne Galba agricolae?
# Puella aquam et terram videt.
# Nautae agricolās convocant.
# Iūlia litterās nunc habet.

=== § 41, p. 29 ===

# She walks, calls together, sings.
# Are they calling together? Singing? Praising?
# You (sg.) swim, work, walk.
# We like, draw near, walk.
# You (pl.) are calling together, are singing, are liking.
# They like, she is giving, we are praising.
# Whom are you looking at?
# I praise the inhabitants.
# You (pl.) often praise Julia.
# But we are praising the letter.
# What are you (pl.) giving now?

=== § 42, p. 29 ===

# Natō, natat, natō.
# Labōrāsne/labōrātisne? cantāmus, laudatne?
# Appropinquant, dant, ambulās/ambulātis.
# Laudās/laudātis, natant, labōrat.
# Incolās convocāmus, sed nautās convocātis.
# Puellae aquam nunc spectant.

=== § 46, p. 31 ===

# She delights, we are routing, you set free.
# We are waiting, they carry, you delight.
# We delight, you (pl.) rout, they are setting free.
# Is she freeing? I am freeing, we are carrying.
# They are setting free the farmers' daughters.
# The poet's fortune pleases the queen.
# We are looking at the woman's daughters. (Quite possibly a true story from a boy school.)
# Does Galba's ''daughter'' expect a letter?
# Even the trumpets of the sailors put the inhabitants to flight.
# Whose letter are you carrying?

=== § 47, p. 31 ===

# Nautās rēgīnae convocō.
# Fīliae poetārum terram amant.
# Cuius fīliam liberās/liberātis?
# Laudantne fīliās Galbae?
# Agricolās nunc expectāmus.
# Quem fortūna agricolārum dēlectat?

=== § 52, p. 33 ===

# You have money.
# I teach Julia.
# You often advice the inhabitants.
# Do they frighten the girls?
# Whom are they seeing?
# We advice and we teach.
# What do we have?
# I now see a booty.
# You (pl.) see a trumpet.
# Are you (pl.) warning ''the farmers''?
# They have a letter.
# Julia teaches the poet's daughters.
# The pirates have even the farmers' money.
# The daughters' fate pleases the woman. (Obviously they got married off to better men than the boys of this school became.)
# Why do you warn Julia and Cornelia?
# Whom do you teach and advice?
# The women praise the girls because they work. (Hopefully nothing beyond the chaste exercise of weaving, though.)

=== § 53, p. 33 ===

# Monent.
# Habent.
# Moneō.
# Terrēs/terrētis.
# Vidēmus.
# Puellāsne docet?
# Pīrātamne Iūlia et Cornēlia spectant?
# Cūr pīrātae incolās terrent?
# Pecūniam et praedam habent.
# Fēminam laudāmus quod puellās docet.
# Quis vidēs/vidētis? Quid spectās/spectātis?

=== § 61, p. 35 ===

# A farmer shows the road to a woman.
# Cornelia tells the story even to the girls.
# We dwell on an island.
# Who shows the island to the poets?
# Why are the pirates remaining in the water?
# To whom are you giving the money?
# The sailors show the booty to the farmers.
# The inhabitants are approaching on the road and they are looking at the queen.
# They like the mistress because she tells stories.

=== § 62, p. 35 ===

# Cuī fēminam dēmonstrās/dēmonstrātis?
# Iūliae letterās dēmonstrō.
# Rēgīnae fābulās narrant.
# Fīlia Galbae nautīs pecūniam dat.
# Habitantne pīrātae in īnsulā?
# Cuius fīliae in viam appropinquant?

=== § 66, p. 37 ===

# Why are the poets remaining in the woods?
# To whom are you telling about the queen's victory?
# I see Julia and Cornelia in the portal.
# In Germany and Greece they often assemble the farmers.
# Do they live in the province?
# The sailors' victory frightens the farmers.
# The girls' diligence pleases the woman.
# In the fight we put to flight the pirates of Italy.
# Galba tells about the flight of the pirates.

=== § 67, p. 37 ===

# In prōvinciā Graeciae incolō.
# Silvae prōvinciārum poetīs dēlectant.
# Fīliae Iūliae pecūniam dat.
# Cuī aquam dās/dātis?
# Cuius dīligentiam laudās/laudātis?
# In viā exspectant et silvās spectant.

=== § 75, p. 41 ===

# I see a town.
# We are seeing towns.
# Is the master warning a slave?
# The tribune is looking at a horse.
# The masters' horses delight the slaves.
# Marcus is narrating a story to a friend.
# The masters give the spoils friends.
# We often call together the friends in the town.
# Slaves are approaching, and they are carrying grain and water.

=== § 76, p. 41 ===

# Quis equum tribūnī habet?
# Servī dōna dominōrum nunc habent.
# Amicōsne in hortō habēs/habētis?
# Servus frūmentum tribūnī portat.
# Cuius dōnum Marcō dēmonstrant?
# Oppidum et hortōs oppidī vidēmus.

=== § 83, p. 43 ===

# We are looking at and also approving of the large horses.
# The tribune gives a javelin to a good friend.
# The sailor's welcome gift delights Julia.
# A strong sailor has strong oars.
# A girl sees good slaves.
# Great winds do not frighten sailors.
# Where do you see the strong farmers' grain?
# They are carrying the grain in a large cart.
# The pirates are frightening the farmers because they have javelins.

=== § 84, p. 43 ===

# Carrum magnum habeō.
# Dominus bonus servum bonum habet.
# Atque servō bonō dōnum grātum dat.
# Probatne servus dōnum?
# Magnō in oppidō Graeciae nōn habitant.
# Nautās bonōs nōn convocat.
# Ubi silvam magnam vidēs/vidētis?

=== § 91, p. 45 ===

# Galba is a farmer.
# Galba is strong.
# Julia and Cornelia are my daughters.
# My daughter is small.
# Is your town large?
# Britain is an island of Europe.
# Vesta was a Roman goddess.
# The carts of the Romans were good and strong.
# War is not welcome.
# Wars aren't welcome.
# Greece is a small country of Europe.
# We are friends of the tribune.
# In the large town we see wide roads.

=== § 92, p. 45 ===

# Viae oppidī sunt longae.
# Viae Rōmae nōn erant lātae.
# Viae Britanniae sunt lātae et longae.
# Ubi es/estis?
# Dōna nova tribūnī sunt grāta.
# Deōs laudāmus quod dōna dant.
# Rōmānī sumus sed in Britanniā habitāmus.

=== § 101, p. 49 ===

# The sons of the men are in Britain.
# The men are allies.
# I am a messenger of the allies.
# We are waiting for the small boys, sons of the tribune.
# The boys have Marcus' sword and javelin.
# Who shows the way to the man?
# The battle is long, and the allies are waiting for help.
# A man and sons of the messenger are toiling in the field.
# Why are you giving rewards to the men?

=== § 102, p. 49 ===

# Fīlius nūntī est puer parvus.
# Gladium tuum vidēmus sed pilum tuum nōn habēmus.
# Puerōs parvōs et fēminam terrent.
# Virī sociōs fugant.
# Ubi nūntiī habitant?
# Gladium fīlī meī habeō.
# Bella et proelia Rōmānōs dēlectant.

=== § 105, p. 50 ===

# I see horses in Marcus', friend's, field.
# A wretched messenger is telling a miserable story of the allies' flight.
# They are giving rewards to your friends.
# Money, Cornelia's gift, is pleasing to our son.
# We are free men in a free town.
# The Greek goddesses were many.
# Our associate is miserable because he has no sword.
# They are subduing the Romans in a battle.
# Are you calling your son?
# A miserable slave prepares food for a master.

A bonus question about the translation of 10. for the boys in the back row: Are all slaves miserable because they prepare food for their masters or is this particular slave miserable because he's preparing food for his master or is this particular slave miserable because he's preparing food for a master not his own?

=== § 106, p. 51 ===

# Amīcī nostrī, Mārcus et Galba, sunt miserī.
# Multī carrī in viīs oppidī nostrī sunt.
# Fīliōs miserōs nūntiōrum convocat.
# Ubi equum tuum vides?
# Ventī nautās nōn terrent.
# Fīliī virōrum līberōrum sumus.
# Pīlum dōnum āmicī habeō.

=== § 113, p. 53 ===

# She is, she was, she will be.
# They are, they were, they will be.
# We are, we were, we will be.
# I am, I was, I will be.
# You (sg.) are, you (sg.) were, you (sg.) will be.
# You (pl.) are, you (pl.) were, you (pl.) will be.
# Certainly we were hostile towards Marcus, your son.
# Next to the town were many fields.
# Injuries of the allies were many.
# I see an island near to the (main)land.
# The winds will not be pleasing to the sailors.
# Farmers were not fit for a long war.
# Meanwhile, we will be favourable to your sons.
# Swords and javelins are suitable for a battle.

=== § 114, p. 53 ===

# Sum, sumus.
# Ubi eramus? In oppidō eram.
# Erō, erimus.
# Estne tribūnus? Sociī sunt.
# Interim vir līber eris.
# Oppida nostra Graeciae propinqua sunt.
# Virī in oppidīs nostrīs Rōmae inimīcī sunt.
# Erit magnum proelium in Britanniā.
# Librī Mārcō amicō meō grātī certē erunt.

=== § 124, p. 57 ===

# They were showing, she was preparing, you (pl.) were filling.
# I was telling, you (sg.) were seeing, we were dwelling.
# You (sg.) were overcoming, you (pl.) were having, she was approving.
# You (sg.) were singing, I was freeing, you (pl.) were staying.
# I was frightening, she was calling, you (pl). were delighting.
# I was calling together the lieutenants.
# Farmers were bringing grain and food in small carts.
# Meanwhile they were fighting with swords in forests.
# We were equipping our allies with shields.
# I was calling the lieutenant, my friend.
# They were subduing the tribune and the lieutenant in the fight with javelins.
# Your gifts were pleasing to the gods.
# The village was next to the sea.

=== § 125, p. 57 ===

# Ambulābam sed in agrō exspectābās.
# Armābāmus, manēbant.
# Appropinquābātis et pugnābant.
# In vicō labōrābant.
# Fābulīs et librīs docēbāmus.
# Amicōs vestrōs gladiīs vestriīs liberābātis.
# Cibus Helvetiīs dēfessīs grātus erat.
# Virī pīlīs longīs pugnābant.
# Lēgātus vīcum cibō et frūmentō complēbat.

=== § 130, p. 59 ===

# They will call, they will fill, they will hasten.
# Is she arming? She will overcome, we will keep.
# Will they stay? We will show, I will frighten.
# You (sg.) will work, you (pl.) will teach, I will dwell.
# Where to is the strong farmer hurrying?
# A farmer and boys will hurry to the fields.
# They toil in the fields with great zeal.
# They will carry the grain into the village with care.
# You (pl.) will build boats with great diligence.

=== § 131, p. 59 ===

# Aedificābis.
# Properābit.
# Quis nōn manēbit?
# Tenēbitis.
# Virōs aegrōs magnō cum cūrā portābimus.
# Quō lēgātus properābit?
# In Graeciam properābit atque incolās armābit.
# Ubi amīcī nostrī cum studiō pugnābunt?
# Virī nāvigia cum dīligentiā complēbant.

=== § 135, p. 61 ===

# Has she called? She has called together, she has subdued.
# They have fought, they have expected, they have worked.
# We have hastened, we have built, we have equipped.
# Did I praise? You (sg.) have called, you (pl.) have hastened.
# She has brought, she has delighted, she has given.

=== § 136, p. 61 ===

# Laudāvistī/-istis, dēmonstrāvistī/-istis, narrāvistī/-istis.
# Dedī, portāvī, liberāvī.
# Probāvērunt, cantāvērunt, natāvērunt.
# Dedimus, habitāvimus, dēmonstrāvimus.

=== § 140, p. 62 ===

# She has warned, they have warned, she has taught.
# They have taught, she has had, they have had.
# You (sg.) have frightened, you (pl.) have frightened, have you (sg.) kept?
# I have seen, have they seen? We have stayed.
# She has kept, they have kept, they have frightened.

=== § 141, p. 62 ===

# Complēvī, vīdistī, tenuimus.
# Terruit, habuit, complēvērunt.
# Mānsit, docuī, monuistis.

=== § 145, p. 63 ===

# The boys have filled our cart with grain.
# They have carried a sick girl with care.
# I have seen the shields and swords of the captives in front of the gates.
# The place was not suitable for a battle.
# The lieutenant has hurried to Germany with many men.
# He will show the cause of the war.
# I have spent the winter in Greece with your friends.
# With great risk they have stayed.

=== § 146, p. 63 ===

# Gladiī et pīla captivōs terruērunt.
# Longō in bellō cum tribūnō pugnāvērunt.
# Fēminae in Italiā hiemābant.
# Quis causam bellī lēgātō narrābit?
# Locum armīs complēvērunt.
# Rōmānī cum sociīs prō Rōmā pugnāvērunt.

=== § 148/b, p. 64 ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
| id dōnum || is nūntius || ea patria
|-
| eius dōnī || eius nūntiī || eius patriae
|-
| eī dōnō || eī nūntiō || eī patriae
|-
| id dōnum || eum nūntium || eam patriam
|-
| eō dōnō || eō nūntiō || eā patriā
|-
| ea dōna || iī nūntiī || eae patriae
|-
| eōrum dōnōrum || eōrum nūntiōrum || eārum patriārum
|-
| iīs dōnīs || iīs nūntiīs || iīs patriīs
|-
| ea dōna || eōs nūntiōs || eās patriās
|-
| iīs dōnīs || iīs nūntiīs || iīs patriīs
|}

=== § 150, p. 65 ===

# I have seen that shield.
# That sword is mine.
# That battle was long.
# I will fight with this sword.
# She has given food for that prisoner.
# That was yours.
# He was showing the danger of those lieutenants.
# We have been in Germany and in the land of the Helvetii.
# Has your daughter been sick?
# That slave's master was tired.
# That victory has delighted the Romans.
# I was hurrying to Britain with that friend.
# Where were you (pl.)?

=== § 151, p. 65 ===

# Iīs armīs pīrātās in ōceanō superābimus.
# Id auxilium Rōmānōs dēlectat.
# In iīs silvīs saepe fuī.
# Fīliōs eōrum agricolārum docuī.
# Eōs sociōs vīdistī et laudāvistī quod cum studiō pugnāvērunt.
# Quō properābatis cum eō puerō?
# Causae eius bellī fuērunt multae.

=== § 155, p. 67 ===

# Who have built that temple?
# Which lieutenants have armed those men?
# What is in that field?
# To whom does Marcus give that reward?
# To which countries is Britain near?
# Whom are you praising?
# Which book Cornelia has praised?
# With which sword have they injured the prisoner?
# What risk are you reporting?

=== § 156, p. 67 ===

# Quis nūntius deōrum erat?
# Quod dōnum eī puerō dedit?
# Cuius scūtum is servus habuit?
# Cui causās eius bellī dēmonstrāvērunt?
# Quem superāvistī?
# Quibus armīs Helvetiōs superāvērunt?
# Quō in vicō habitāvērunt?

=== § 161, p. 68 ===

# She rules, she was ruling, she will rule.
# I am buying, I was buying, I will buy.
# They are leading, they will lead, she was leading.
# She has ruled, they have ruled, she has led.
# They have led, you (sg.) have bought, you (pl.) have bought.
# I have sent, we have sent, she has sent.
# We are sending, they are sending, they will send.
# This farmer has many fields.
# He will send grain into a big town with boats.
# He will send grain into a village with strong horses.
# Who will lead the horses on the way?
# Sons of the farmer, Marcus and Galba, have led the horses, and they will lead (them) today.
# Then they will buy new arms.
# Formerly the Romans have ruled Italy well.

=== § 162, p. 69 ===

# Regunt, rēxērunt, regent.
# Dūcit, dūcēbat, dūcet.
# Ēmī, ēmimus, ēmērunt.
# Mittō, mittam, mīsī.
# Mittis, mittes, mīsistī.
# Ōlim Rōmānī multās terrās habuērunt.
# Eās terrās saepe nōn bene rēxērunt.
# Tum sociī auxilium mīsērunt.
# Quae puellae in Italiā hiemāvērunt?
# Lēgātum cum iīs captīvīs in Italiam mittam.

=== § 171/d, p. 75 ===
=== § 173, p. 75 ===

# Today I have seen the king and the general.
# We have seen the heads of many foot soldiers.
# Both kings and generals have led our soldiers.
# Besides, the horsemen were fighting bravely for the king and the general.
# They have overcome the allies with courage and zeal.
# They have injured many farmers with stones and javelins.
# Certainly the bravery of the horsemen and also the zeal of the foot soldiers will delight the legate.
# Who will procure shields for these horsemen?
# We have sent our soldiers in the forest too.

=== § 174, p. 75 ===

# Imperia rēgis fuerunt multa.
# Imperia rēgum probābimus.
# Helvetiōs virtūte eōrum mīlitum superābimus.
# Cum duce hiemābō.
# In oppidō rēgem vīdī.
# Is rēx erat dux bonus et benē rēxit.
# Cibum peditibus miserīs ēmit.
# Et arma et frūmenta in id oppidum mīsit.

=== § 181, p. 77 ===

# She will take, she takes, they take.
# I am hurling, I will hurl, I was hurling.
# They have taken, she has thrown, we have thrown.
# We have fled, we are fleeing, we have sent away.
# They running out from the conference.
# They will flee from (the vicinity of) the village into fields.
# She has fled (down) from the town to the ocean.
# Who have sent letters to the king?
# They have hurled javelins down from the walls of this town.
# He has sent the tired soldiers away from the battle.
# Why are you fleeing from that place?
# They will take our wagons.

=== § 182, p. 77 ===

# Iaciet, iacient, iaciunt.
# Iacis, iaciēs, iēcistī.
# Pedēs equitim vulnerāvērunt.
# Ex Ītaliā in prōvinciam properābō.
# Et fēminae et puellae ex agrīs fugiēbant.
# Ā Germāniā in Ītaliam properāvērunt.
# Lēgātum ad conloquium dūxit.

=== § 187, p. 79 ===

# For many reasons the Romans did not send help.
# They have injured these men with stones and javelins.
# They have many wounds in (their) heads and bodies.
# Today the fathers of the sons will grieve because of the wounds.
# Our general will praise the centurions because of the great victory.
# The peril of the scouts has frightened the soldiers.
# At that time you were not fleeing onto the walls of the town on the account of injuries.
# For the lack of food we were in great danger.
# The legate has led the horsemen and the foot soldiers to a conference.

=== § 188, p. 79 ===

# Vulneribus saepe dēfessī fuimus.
# Mīlitēs nostrōs virtūte studiōque eōrum laudābo.
# Patrēs nostrī diū pugnābunt et multam praedam capient.
# Quis centuriō pīla dē mūrō iaciēbat?
# Ob inopiam cibī aquaeque Marcus et Galba, centuriōnēs, nōn cum virtūte pugnāvērunt.
# Soror mea dolet quod fēminae Britanniae miserae sunt.
# Interim explōrātōrēs imperia ducis narrābant.

=== § 191, p. 81 ===

# The victory of enemies has frightened the citizens of the city of Rome.
# I have not seen the hills and the mountains of Italy.
# The scouts and centurions have fled out from the Sabines' territory.
# The Romans have had many boats and ships on the sea.
# Because of a great danger the citizens carry food and grain into the city.
# We too will send cohorts, and we will overcome the enemies.
# The town was near a mountain.
# The citizens' bravery was pleasing to the general.

=== § 192, p. 81 ===

# Habēmusne multās navīs hodiē?
# Ōlim in collīs montibusque incolēbant.
# Fīnēs Rōmānōrum erant lātī.
# Iī cīvēs nōn idōneī bellō sunt.
# Quī pīla dē mūrīs urbium iaciunt?
# Puerī ignīs magnōs in urbe vident.

=== § 197, p. 83 ===

# Our men have seen a centurion among the prisoners.
# Neighbour(ing tribe)s lament account of that victory of the Romans.
# Why the cohorts were fleeing through the woods to the town?
# With care you (pl.) have taught your daughters with books.
# The horsemen and the foot soldiers are in front of the gate.
# We will stay in the city without danger.
# And they even have carried out from that city many things.
# She has led the scouts across a wide field.
# He was in the province with many soldiers.

=== § 198, p. 83 ===

# Post id proelium nostrōs in Germāniam mittet.
# Oppidum sine auxiliō cēpērunt.
# Fīnitimī contrā hostīs fortiter pugnābant.
# Ante oppidum erat collis.
# Apud lēgātum nūntius exspectābat.
# Per Ītaliam properābimus et apud eōs montīs hiemābimus.

=== § 210, p. 89 ===

# Caesar was a daring leader of the Romans.
# The authority of this leader has been great.
# All soldiers greatly liked Caesar because he has often overcome the enemy.
# In a war the hardships of soldiers were often severe.
# Enemies were many and brave, and they were throwing many javelins at the Romans.
# But our cohorts did not flee from the public danger.
# They have fought bravely for Rome.
# That war was short.

=== § 211, p. 89 ===

# Gladius Rōmānōrum et brevis et gravis erat.
# Pedes socium audācem habuit.
# Nostrī multās gravīs portābant.
# Dōna omnibus amīcīs meīs dabō.
# Dux equitum ācrium propter multōs labōrēs dolēbat.
# Omnīs trībūnōs ā colloquiō dīmīsit.

=== § 214, p. 90 ===

# I am hearing, I was hearing, I shall hear.
# Does she hear? She was hearing, she will hear.
# They are hearing, they were hearing, they will hear.
# We are hearing, we have heard, you (pl.) will hear.
# I have heard, you are hearing, they have heard.
# You are coming, she is coming, you (sg.) did come.
# She has come, we are coming, we have come.
# Do you (sg.) find? You (pl.) have found, you (pl.) are finding.
# I have found, she is finding, she has found.

=== § 215, p. 90 ===

# Repperit, repperērunt, vēnērunt.
# Audīs/audītis, vēnistī/vēnistis, audīvit.
# Audīvimus, reperiēbāmus, vēnimus.
# Venis/venitis, reperiēbant, veniemus.
# Audiam, audimus, audivērunt.
# Vēnit, vēnit, audiunt.
# Dēfendent, oppugnāvērunt, dēfendit.

=== § 220, p. 92 ===

# During the winter winds on the sea are violent.
# In summer the farmers were toiling on the fields.
# At daybreak they came to Caesar.
# Caesar has waged war with strong enemies.
# In a few years he has conquered all provinces.
# At what time in the night did you (pl.) come into the city?
# They capture ten scouts during the second hour of the battle.
# At that time a messenger showed the document to a legate.

=== § 221, p. 92 ===

# Brevī tempore aestās grāta veniet.
# Secundā hōrā noctis ea imperia audīvimus.
# Decem vulnera in corpore peditis repperit.
# Prīmā lūce Caesar eam cohortem inter collem montemque mīsit.
# Prīmō annō bellī ā prōvinciā fūgērunt.
# Cūr hieme bellum cum Rōmānōs nōn gessērunt?

=== § 225, p. 95 ===

# They will have bought, I had waged, you (pl.) had spent the winter.
# They had shown, you (pl.) will have heard, we had subdued.
# I shallhave kept, I had filled, you (sg.) had armed.
# You (sg.) will have dwelt, she had called, I shall have stayed.
# You (pl.) will have told, you (sg.) had sent, we shall have fled.
# I had expected, I shall have suffered, she will have strenghthened.
# She had kept in check, I had ruled, you (sg.) will have hastened.
# Labienus had praised the chief for courage.
# A strong man will have had friends many and brave.
# Caesar had waged war not only in Gaul but also in Britain.
# At what time of the night you (sg.) will have taken the arms?
# The Gauls had defended the town with great bravery.
# The Roman People had liberated the citizens of that state.

=== § 226, p. 95 ===

# Terruerimus, vēnerās, dīmīseritis.
# Pugnāverit, cēperat, dēfenderant.
# Dūxerāmus, vulnerāverint, iēcerit.
# Aedificāveris, reppererāmus, portāverint.
# Pōpulus Rōmānus longō temporē Gallōs sustinuerat.
# Prīncipēs omnīs cīvitātēs convocāverant.
# In eō locō Labiēnus multa tēpa reppererit.
# Gallī auxilium exspectāverant.
# Tandem eum collem oppugnāverāmus.

=== § 232, p. 97 ===

# The general has sent those horsemen and foot soldiers to Capua.
# Finally, because of public danger, he has hurried out of Italy to Carthago.
# These soldiers had come from Athens, and they were fighting in Gaul.
# He sent a messenger to Corinth at the second hour of that night.
# Those legates had carried the plunder to Rome.
# In that island a bold people had dwelt.
# I had been a friend of this centurio.
# From this territory all chiefs had fled to Delphi, because at that time enemies were preparing for a war.

=== § 233, p. 97 ===

# Delphīs Athēnās vēnerant.
# Domō frāter meus Corinthum properāvit.
# Caesar nūntiōs per illās cīvitātēs mīserat.
# Hīs annīs Gallī amīcī fuerant populī Rōmānī.
# Hī hostēs magnā virtūte cum Caesar pugnāverint.
# Hoc pīlum, ille gladius est.

=== § 240, p. 100 ===

# She loves, he is loved.
# He was loving, she was loved.
# She will love, he will be loved.
# They love, they are loved.
# They were loving, they were loved.
# Will they love? Will they be loved?
# We are loving, we are loved.
# I advice, I am adviced.
# I was advicing, I was being adviced.
# I will warn, I will be warned.
# You (pl.) will warn, you (pl.) will be warned.
# You (sg.) warn, you (sg.) are warned.

=== § 241, p. 101 ===

# Laudās/laudātis, laudāris/laudāminī.
# Laudābant, laudābantur.
# Laudābis/laudābitis, laudāberis/laudābiminī.
# Doceō, doceor.
# Docēmus, docēmur.
# Docēbimus, docēbimur.
# Docent, docentur.

=== § 244, p. 101 ===

# This boy was praised by my brother.
# This booty will be brought to Rome by Caesar.
# By whom is power not loved?
# Many stories about Britain will be told by these messengers.
# The town is stormed by the soldiers.
# In this fight ten men are wounded by the Gauls.
# The grain will be brought with ships.

=== § 245, p. 101 ===

# Omnēs hī Gallī āb illīs equitibus sustinebuntur.
# Frātrēs meī ab illō puerō laudābantur.
# Auxilium ā hostibus expectātur.
# Paucae cohortēs ā prīncipe vidēbantur.
# Rōma āb omnīs Rōmānīs amābātur.

=== § 250, p. 103 ===

# That woman you see is Cornelia's mother.
# The merchants are bringing many (things) into Germany.
# The brave enemies by whom our native land is laid waste are Romans.
# These men with whose bravery and determination the city was guarded will come home from war.
# The towers which were built with care will be destroyed by the enemy.
# The hostages, who are liberated by the Romans, will hurry to Athens.
# The commander of legions whom Caesar sent across the river was Labienus.

=== § 251, p. 103 ===

# Arma, quae portāvimus, nōn bona sunt.
# Eā aestāte cum Caesare, quī prōvinciam dēfendit, pugnābi(ti)s.
# Cōnsilium, quō illud oppidum vastātur, laudābō.
# Caesar decem legiōnēs in bellīs, quae cum Gallīs gessit, habuit.
# Fēmina, cui viam dēmonstrāvī, māter huius obsidis miserī est.

=== § 258, p. 106 ===

# She rules, he's ruled.
# She was ruling, he was ruled.
# She will rule, he will be ruled.
# They rule, they are ruled.
# They will rule, they will be ruled.
# You (sg.) rule, you (sg.) are ruled.
# You (sg.) were ruling, you (sg.) were ruled.
# You (sg.) will rule, you (sg.) will be ruled.
# We are ruling, we are ruled.
# You (pl.) rule, you (pl.) are ruled.
# I shall rule, I shall be ruled.
# They are seizing, they are captured.
# She was seizing, he was being captured.
# She will seize, he will be captured.
# They will seize, they will be captured.
# You (sg.) will seize, you (sg.) will be captured.
# You (sg.) seize, you (sg.) are captured.
# You (sg.) were seizing, you (sg.) were being captured.

=== § 259, p. 106 ===

# Dūcit, dūcitur.
# Dūcent, dūcentur.
# Dūcunt, dūcuntur.
# Dūcis/dūcitis, dūceris/dūciminī.
# Dūcēmus, dūcēmur.
# Mittimus, mittimur.
# Mittiturne? Mittunturne?
# Mittet, mittētur.
# Mitteris/mittiminī, mittēris/mittēminī.
# Gerēbant, gerēbam.
# Gerimus, gerēmus.
# Iacimus, iacimur.
# Iaciēbāmus, iaciēbāmur.
# Quis recipit? Quis recipiēbatur?

=== § 261, p. 107 ===

# Ambassadors have come into consul's camp for peace.
# At last these legates are led to the consul.
# They will be received well by the consul.
# No longer is the enemy's city defended.
# The weapons which were thrown down from the walls wounded many.
# The soldiers of the consul are not defeated often by the Gauls.
# The peace will be welcome to the Roman people.

=== § 262, p. 107 ===

# Labiēnus paucīs cum cohortibus Rōmā in Galliam mittētur.
# Illa oppida Galliae fortiter dēfendentur.
# Legiō ex castrīs dūcuntur.
# Hodiē multae cīvitātēs Galliae vincuntur.
# Nova cōnsilia sociōrum nostrōrum fīnitimīs nūntiābantur.
# Illī recipientur ā Caesare, quī Helvetiōs vīcit.

=== § 269, p. 109 ===

# His shield was heavy.
# Their friends have been soldiers.
# Their zeal is praised.
# I will stay with you (pl.) because of the storm.
# The war is waged against them.
# Is Marcus with you (sg.)?
# He was walking with her.
# They will hurry to Athens without you (pl.).
# We are miserable, you (pl.) are sick and exhausted.
# All your (pl.) plans are acceptable to us.
# His father and mother were received well by you (pl.)
# The remaining chiefs, who were arming themselves, did not come to the meeting.
# And thus he calls a centurion to himself and explains the plan to him.
# Caesar led the foot soldiers out the camp daily.

=== § 270, p. 109 ===

# Māter eius et pater meus tē vīdērunt.
# Nunc sunt cum mē.
# Eī, eī, eīs praemia dabō.
# Castra eōrum oppugnātur.
# Egō in oppidum tēcum properābō.
# Magnō cum labōre nōs līberāmus.
# Ea sē gladiō eius patris vulnerāvit.
# Reliquī sē interficient.
# Ea aestāte oppida eōrum ā Gallīs vāstābuntur.

=== § 272, p. 110 ===

# She hears, she's being heard.
# She was hearing, she was being heard.
# She will hear, she will be heard.
# We hear, we are being heard.
# We will hear, we will be heard.
# I shall hear, I shall be heard.
# You (pl.) hear, you (pl.) are being heard.
# You (pl.) will hear, you (pl.) will be heard.
# You (sg.) hear, you (sg.) are being heard.
# I was hearing, I was being heard.
# They hear, they are being heard.
# They were hearing, they were being heard.

=== § 273, p. 110 ===

# Impediō, impedior.
# Impediēbam, impediēbar.
# Impediam, impediar.
# Impediunt, impediuntur.
# Impedient, impedientur.
# Reperit, reperītur.
# Reperiēbat, reperiēbatur.
# Reperiet, reperiētur.

=== § 284, p. 113 ===

# Caesar, however, sent his own soldiers across the river.
# Caesar will find his (not his own) brother in the camp.
# That sick man was deprived of water.
# Afterwards that state was lacking food and grain.
# He kept soldiers away from this people by buildings and money for a long time.
# Because of want of arms the Germans left off from the battle.
# Our (troops), who had hurried to the camp of the Germans, kept them away from weapons.
# A river was cutting off our troops from the road.
# At that time boats were being built near the river by the enemy.

=== § 285, p. 113 ===

# Amīcī nostrī pecūniam carēbat.
# Hostēs sua aedificia dēfendent.
# Nōs ā cūrā līberābis/līberābitis.
# Caesar sua cōnsilia dē pāce suīs nūntiāvit.
# Posteā ex omniā potestāte Germānōs prīvābunt.
# Reliquī prīncipum ab suīs oppidīs interclūdēbantur.

=== § 287, p. 114 ===

# A man has been loved, a woman has been loved, a war has been loved.
# The men have been loved, the women have been loved, the wars have been loved.
# The soldiers had been warned, the boy will have been warned, the town had been warned.
# A farmer has been captured, a city has been ruled, a province had been ruled.
# I have been captured, I had been captured, I shall have been captured.
# You (sg.) have been heard, you (sg.) had been heard, you (sg.) will have been heard.
# We have been heard, we had been heard, we shall have been heard.

=== § 288, p. 115 ===

# Gallia monita est, Gallia monita erat, Gallia monita erit.
# Aedificia capita sunt, aedificia capita erant, aedificia capita erunt.
# Fīnēs ā Germānīs rectī erant.
# Urbēs dēfensae erunt.
# Itaque audītae erimus.

=== § 290, p. 115 ===

# Many towns in Italy have been built by the Romans.
# Few Germans there have been killed with our javelins.
# Your words will have been heard by me.
# At that time the commander was cut off from the baggage and carts.
# The war, which has been waged by Caesar, was long.
# The soldiers, who were sent to Gaul by him, lacked grain.
# The booty that had been captured by our commander has been carried to Rome without delay.
# In a meeting Caesar said to his own (troops): &quot;My plans have not been hampered by the enemy.&quot;

=== § 294, p. 117 ===

# The arrival of the legions delights us.
# Our army, however, has cut off the Germans from supplies.
# Between our (troops) and the enemy was a lake.
# Consuls were commanders of Roman armies.
# They had fought violently for a long time on the flanks.
# Labienus' camp was protected with a swamp and a lake.
# In the ports of Greece we have seen many ships during the winter.
# We observed the armed force of the enemy.

=== § 295, p. 117 ===

# Et pedibus et cornibus pugnant.
# Inter montīs multī lacūs āb eīs videntur.
# Ab adventū mercātōrum dēlectātī erāmus.
# Haec domus est mea, illa est tua.
# Prīmā luce autem commeātūs ē castrīs ad portūs portāvērunt.
# Statim Rōma ā manibus cīvium mūnita est.
# Cūr domū properās/properātis?

=== § 299, p. 119 ===

# Which way is shorter?
# Which way is the shortest?
# Nevertheless, the cavalry had travelled through the neighbouring villages.
# The Germans asked for peace from the Roman senate.
# The friendship of the allies will be very pleasing to the Roman people.
# Our army will make an attack upon the enemy.
# This river is wide, but the sea is wider.
# The Gauls certainly were very brave in the war.
# Where have you seen more brave citizens?

=== § 300, p. 119 ===

# Domus tua novissima est.
# Imperātōr equitātūs per iter longius mīsit.
# Aestās in Brītanniā nōn brevissima est.
# Hōc pīlum gravius est.
# Pāx autem ab omnibus cīvitātibus Galliae petetur.
# Impetum in turrem parvō cum studiō faciunt.
# Excercitus per silvās palūdēsque iter faciēbat.

=== § 311, p. 123 ===

# A large part of the route is narrow but very easy.
# At daybreak we saw a part of the enemy on the mountain.
# That of all the roads of the city was shortest.
# The men of Britain are different from the men of Italy.
# Straightaway ten of the soldiers leave off from the battle.
# On a beach the women were grieving because the road was difficult.
# The enemy was fiercest and swiftest ff all the Gauls.
# The most difficult is often very easy.
# They will strengthen (their) friendship with the nearest tribes.

=== § 312, p. 123 ===

# Habemusne cōpiam armōrum?
# Iter per montīs facile nōn erit.
# Quinque ex amīcīs meīs in lītore mittentur ā mē per iter facilius.
# Pars mīlitum ā reliquō excercitū interclūdēbātur.
# Manus tua similis est meae (manuī).
# Hōc est facillimum omnium itinerum per fīnīs Gallōrum.

=== § 323, p. 127 ===

# Six legions are led into the lower part of the province by Caesar.
# The roads of ''our'' city are narrower by many feet.
# A very large armed force of the enemy had been assembled, and they were preventing the Romans from march(ing).
# They have thrown very many javelins down from the higher ground.
# That tower is ten feet taller than the wall.
# A smaller fort was defended by a hundred soldiers.
# Your part of the work is larger than mine.
# Occasionally our friends give us bad advice.
# I see the top of the mountain.
# The lower (southern) part of Italy was called &quot;Great Greece&quot; on account of many Greek cities (there); the upper (northern) part of Italy, because the Gauls dwelt there, was called &quot;Cisalpine Gaul&quot; or &quot;the Nearer Gaul&quot;.

=== § 324, p. 127 ===

# Virī optimī interdum plūrimōs amīcōs nōn habent.
# In itinere plūrimī (virī) interficiēbantur; reliquī in silvām magnam fūgērunt.
# Cornēlia pede altior quam Iūlia erat.
# Gallī plūrēs equitēs quam Rōmānī habēbant.*
# Pars hostium in locīs superiōribus exspectābat.
# Cōnsilium melius senātuī praebitum est.*
# Urbēs maximae centum obsidēs Caesarī mīsērunt.

* While the imperfect tense describes, the perfect tense advances a narrative.

=== § 329, p. 129 ===

# Fathers and mothers love very greatly their own children.
# They give to them very good advice and work for them very diligently.
# At that time we will send ahead a great number of foot soldiers in that large forest, which we see from here.
# From this mountaintop I easily see six cities and a hundred roads.
# In the lowest (southern) parts of the country rivers are very small.
# Our troops have been hindered longer by the lake than the mountains.
# Most of the soldiers have been left behind near the port; the remaining (soldiers) have suddenly attacked the enemy.
# They will build walls with trees and stones.
# This river is wider than that by a hundred feet.

=== § 330, p. 129 ===

# Interdum hostēs Caesaris multō fortius quam mīlitēs Rōmānī pugnāvērunt.
# Sed mīlitēs eius ācerrimē audacissimēque pugnābant.
# Diūtissimē cum Gallīs bella gerēbat.
# Ampla praemia saepe centuriōnibus suīs deit quod multa praeda cēperant.
# In urbe Rōmae ā suīs inimīcīs interfectus est.

=== § 335, p. 131 ===

# At first Caesar pitched the camp on the top of the mountain.
# The camp has been pitched on the top of the mountain by Caesar.
# From this place the enemy have been seen on the large plain.
# Between this mountain and that plain was a river, which was hundred feet wide and five feet deep.
# However, Caesar drew up the battle line and was waiting the enemy's attack.
# For the larger part of the day his horsemen remained in the flanks.
# But the enemy did not attack, because they had a small hope of victory.
# At that time the young lacked corn for many days.
# The hills behind our camp is higher by many feet.

=== § 336, p. 131 ===

# Caesar hanc rem ē plūrimīs nūntiīs audivit.
# Eō diē fidēs Gallōrum parvissima erat.
# Flūmen in eō locō decem pedem altum erat; itaque in lītore tota impedīmenta relīquērunt.
# Hae rēs (mīlitēs) nostrī omnī spē prīvāvit.
# In Italiā sex diēs manēbimus.

=== § 345, p. 135 ===

# He sends a messenger in order that she may warn the citizens.
# A youth is being sent that the citizens may be warned.
# The legion is sent lest the town will be captured by the enemy.
# The legions are fighting bravely to capture the town.
# The boy has come so that he will hear the story.
# The boys have come so they may hear your words.
# We are sending them to govern the province.
# We send them in order that the province is ruled by them.
# You hasten to Gaul in order to wage war.
# We send ahead a hundred soldiers to fortify the camp.

=== § 346, p. 135 ===

# Mittitur ut pugnet.
# Eōs mittīmus ut viam reperiant.
# Mitteris nē in urbem hostēs impetum faciant.
# Mīlitēs ē castrīs dūcentur ut aciēs īnstruātur.
# Veniam tē mātremque (tuam) videam.
# Pugnat ut sē dēfendat.

=== § 353, p. 137 ===

# They come that they may seek peace.
# They came that they might seek peace.
# They will come that they may seek peace.
# They had come that they might have sought peace.
# They were fighting bravely lest they might be overcome by the Gauls.
# They had hurried across the river so they might storm the town.
# The legions will be sent to cut off the enemy from supplies.
# In order that they might defend the port our (troops) have been sent ahead.
# The consul will speak very boldly to rouse the &lt;s&gt;rabble&lt;/s&gt; Roman people.

=== § 354, p. 137 ===

# Labōrant ut laudent.
# Labōrābant ut laudārent.
# Labōrābunt ut laudent.
# Labōrāvērant ut laudārent.
# Dē locīs superiōribus pīla iaciēbant ut Rōmānōs impedīrent.
# Prīncipēs convocāverat ut novum cōnsilium audīrent.
# Dē proeliō dēsistent nē interficiantur.

=== § 360, p. 139 ===

# The boy acted in such a way that he was liked by everyone.
# The city has been laid waste lest it would have been captured by the enemy.
# We advice him lest he become a soldier.
# He commanded them not to travel through our province.
# So great is the lack of food that very many are sick.
# The city has been defended so bravely that for ten days it was not captured.
# The enemy have fled to the forests lest they be surrounded by our (troops).
# First Caesar ordered them to give aid to our (troops).

=== § 361, p. 139 ===

# Paucī tam erant ut fugerent.
# Erant tam fortitēs ut nōn fugerent.
# Eum moneō ut fortior sit.
# Lēgātus mīlitēs ē castrīs dūxit ut āciem īnstrueret.
# Postulat ut castra in eō locō pōnant.
# Pālus tantus est ut nostrī impediantur.

=== § 375, p. 145 ===

# She asks what they are doing, they have done.
# She knew what the were doing, they had done.
# I shall tell you why they were toiling, they have toiled.
# They had heard whence the soldiers were coming, had come.
# They asked why they were being praised, they had been praised.
# She knows why they are staying, they had stayed.
# She has told us what those boys had done.
# I asked whether she had been often in Italy.
# Do you know how many years the Romans held Britain?

=== § 376, p. 145 ===

# Tibi dīcam ubi fuissent et quid fēcerint.
# Hī veniunt ut videant, illī ut videantur.
# Dēfessī tam sunt ut hōdiē nōn labent.
# Mē rogāvit ut cūr venissem.
# Audīveram ut ubi fuisset.
# Dūx rogāvit num (illī) omnēs venīrent.
# Scīsne quot mīlitēs veniant?

=== § 383, p. 147 ===

# On the way two rivers, ten feed deep, will be found.
# The memory of these events had roused the army.
# They had marched three miles and (then) the first line of battle was drawn up.
# Caesar ordered that on the right wing were arranged the third legion and the fourth legion on the left.
# Of the three brothers Marcus was the bravest.
# For desire of victory this one legion kept back the Gauls.
# The heavy javelin of the Romans was six feet long.
# The next day they marched eight miles (away) from that place.
# The four scouts, whom had been sent ahead, fled because of fear of the enemy.

=== § 384, p. 147 ===

# Spēs praemī līberōs Marcī incitābat.
# In eō colle decem mīlia peditēs et duo mīlia equitēs īnstructī sunt.
# Impedīmentum excertitūs mīlia passuum ā lītore relictum est.
# Imperātōr secundam legiōnem prō castra īnstruet.
# Adventū duarum legiōnum hostēs ē sinistrō cornū dēcessērunt.
# Timor Caesaris Rōmānōrumque ūnam cīvitātem impedeet.
# Ūnus hominum erat mihi inimīcus.

=== § 388, p. 149* ===

# On one shore of the river there was a city, and on the other was a mountain.
# Of the two men, one was a general, the other was a tribune.
# By the courage of three legions alone the army was defended.
# One legion was placed on the right wing, and the other was placed on the left wing by Caesar.
# I will give neither of the captives food.
# Which boy is your son?
# During the summer there was not a ship in the sea.
# Why are you encouraging both of them?

=== § 389, p. 149 ===

# Caesar virtūtem tōtīus legiōnis laudāverat.
# Uter adulēscēns maiorem virtūtem dēmonstrāvit?
# Caesar sine morā cum sōlā secundā legiōne iter faciet.
# Aliī castra ponēbant, aliī aciēs īnstruēbant.
# Nūllō in locō plūrimās arborēs repperimus.

=== § 396, p. 151* ===

# To come, to give, he is able to leave.
# To be hindered, to be placed, they are able to be placed.
# Receiving rewards is often pleasing.
# Caesar has begun to lay waste to the remaining fields and towns of that state.
# To hear your words is exceedingly difficult.
# The Germans are not able to cut off supplies from the Romans.
# At once the multitude began to beg for peace.
# They ought to defend themselves.
# Who of the entire army was so strong that he endured an enemy attack?
# In the winter, days are five hours shorter than in the summer. 

=== § 397, p. 151 ===

# Castra mūrō altō munīre erit facile.
# Auxilium praebēre dēbēs/dēbētis.
# Mīlitēs decimae legiōnis incitāre nōn potest.
# Bellum gerere nōn saepe est optimum.
# Fortēs bonīque esse dēbēmus.
# Aliī pugnāre, aliī fugere coepērunt.

=== § 404, p. 154* ===

# By means of two scouts, Caesar knew that the enemies had marched six miles.
# The allies respond that they will send aid to Caesar immediately.
# The general said that he will give ample rewards to his own (men).
# They all long to be children.
# They all long for Italy to be free.
# They all see the town being bravely defended.
# Caesar ordered that the third line of battle be drawn up at once.
# He knew the Gauls were coming to make an attack. 

=== § 405, p. 154 ===

# Legātus suōs turrīs aedificāre iubēbit.
# Sciō duās legiōnēs praemissās esse.
# Per captīvōs cognōvit hostēs cibō carēre.
# Eōs in illā cīvitāte hiemāre iussit.
# Mercātōrēs respondērunt nūllum frūmentum in fīnibus Germānōrum esse.

=== § 413, p. 159* ===

# He can, he was able to, he shall be able to.
# We have been able to, they had been able to, they were able to.
# Do you know why these words of yours cannot be heard?
# Identical were the difficulties of war that he could report to you all. 
# Labienus himself knew the causes of war were very many.
# I reckon that I will purchase nothing today.
# They no longer demand that the Roman people proffer ships.
# The centurion who with eight scouts had been send to learn the way has reported that he had not been able to learn the way.
# They all were hoping that Caesar would defeat the Gauls this summer.
# The men themselves say that the weapons cannot be thrown.

=== § 414, p. 159* ===

# Potuimus, poterit, poteram.
# Potuerat, potuerint, poterāmus
# Līberī ipsī nōn iam pācem cupīvērunt.
# Dīcunt sociōs nostrōs hodiē eōdem in periculō esse. 
# Putō mē duō diē cum istō amīcō manēre. 
# Mercātōrēs nūntiāvērunt multās manūs equitum in mōntēs missās esse. 
# Putō tē pugnāre posse.
# Putāvistī mē venīre nōn posse. 

=== § 421, p. 162* ===

# Two new rivers have been found by certain bold men.
# I can no longer see any one in front of the house.
# He demanded that the weapons be surrendered at once so that the citizens would be free from fear. 
# A certain captive has declared the same thing once again.
# Each one shall be able to reply to some one.
# Some women had not only been disturbed, but also had fled. 
# The legate demanded that everyone carry grain out of the region. 
# A certain legion was hastening to Delphi on account of a hope for victory. 
# This land of yours is like the island. 

=== § 422, p. 163* ===

# Quisque dīcit Gallōs appropinquāre.
# Quiddam nōn postulat. 
# Illa puella dextrā in manū aliquid habet. 
# Parte cuiusque aestātis apud montēs collīsque habitāmus.
# Hodiē fābula nobīs ā aliquō narrābātur.
# Simul quīdam in Caesarem vēniēbant ut auxilium postulārent.
# Sciō quid quemque agere posse. 

=== § 430, p. 165* ===

# One town of the allies had been attacked by the enemy for a long time, and fortifications were ravaged daily.
# Because food and weapons have began to be lacking to the citizens, the allies have asked that Caesar send troops to help.
# Therefore Caesar has placed Labienus in charge of one legion and has sent him as an aid to the citizens.
# On the way Labienus ran into the enemy, who came from everywhere to capture the town. 
# The javelins were a hindrance to them, but the swords were a great advantage. 
# Our men have been superior to the enemy and have overcome them. 
# Labienus said that he would be a defense to the citizens.
# Do you know who was at the head of the town?

=== § 431, p. 165* ===

# Virtūs Caesarī saepe nōn dēerat. 
# Virīs fortibus praefuit. 
# Praesidiō patriae suae erat. 
# Annōs multōs bellīs proximīs nōn superfuit. 
# Principibus Gallōrum Germānōrumque praestitit. 
# Lēgātōs cīvitātibus, quae victae erant, praefēcit. 
# Mare multīs pedibus altius est quam ille lacus. 

=== § 436, p. 167* ===

# You all are willing, we are not willing, you are more willing
# He did not trust the merchants. 
# To be unwilling, to have been more willing
# They wish to persuade you all.
# He is willing to favor me.
# And they do not want to cause injury to you.
# We prefer to be of help to you. 
# Why do you not want to help your mother? Lit. Why do you not want to be a help to your mother?
# We reckon he want to rule over the cavalry. 
# At sunset the soldiers will capture the enemies' camp.
# For few desire war from these people.
# He commanded the soldiers that they bravely oppose the Gauls. 
# Neither the women nor the children were afraid. 

=== § 437, p. 167* ===

# Volēbant, nōlam, mālet.
# Auxiliō nostrīs nōlēbant.
# Amīcīs tuīs placēre nōn poterant
# Atque imperātōrī nōn persuāsērunt. 
# Eīs imperābit ut mulieribus nōn noceant. 
# Illō tempore neque Gallī neque Germānī bellō volēbant. 

=== § 447, p. 171* ===

# Some of the soldiers were fleeing and have been captured.
# Hindered by these things on this day, they did not make an attack.
# The other centurion was wounded while fighting in the first line of battle. 
# Aid had been sent to our soldiers attacking the camp.
# Certain women left in the town have determined to defend themselves. 
# Part of the enemy has been disturbed by the arrival of Caesar and has left at sunset. 
# He left the soldiers that were brought back in the winter quarters.
# The multitude of slaves, having been frightened, were fleeing from the city.
# The following day, the camp have moved.

=== § 448, p. 172* ===

# Quīdam vir resistēns ā hoste vulnerātus est. 
# Vulnerātī tam fortiter pugnavērunt ut captī esse nōn possent. 
# Commōtus difficultātibus itineris legiōnēs suōs rēdūcere cōnstituit. 
# Hī equitēs praemissī longē fortiterque Gallōs restitērunt. 
# Dē cōnsiliīs tuīs rogātus, nihil dīcam. 
# Ducēs captī in Italiam mittentur.  

=== § 457, p. 176* ===

# When the enemies had been defeated, he determined to march through the middle of the province.
# With Caesar as consul, the war with the Gauls was long.
# When a certain town had been taken by storm, a camp was placed on the very banks of this river.
# The Helvetians, having been influenced by a lack of everything, sent ambassadors to Caesar concerning surrender.
# With these things having been discovered, all were eager for war. 
# Although few were defending it, the Romans were not able to capture this town. 
# With the captives having been received into surrender, the general left behind three cohorts as relief for the camp. 
# These prisoners had been captured for the same reason while fighting quite bravely.  
# Who put the horsemen who had been sent to aid the generals in command? 
# When the city had been fortified, the citizens were no longer frightened. 

=== § 458, p. 177* ===

# Hīs verba audītibus, magnopere permōvit.
# Urbe captī, mīlitēs captīvēs līberāvērunt. 
# Tōtum diem hostēs nostrōs resistēbant. 
# Labienō duce, exercitus noster hostibus nocēre potuerint.
# Monte captī, Labienus nostrōs expectābat. 
# Ēruptiōne factī, prīmam aciem nostram appropinquāre nōn potuērunt. 

=== § 464, p. 179* ===

# He goes, we go, they were going.
# To go, having loved, they shall go.
# They go, they had gone, he has gone.
# He reported the difficulty of navigating.
# This is the reason for sending.
# He came for the purpose of sending letters.
# Diligence in action [acting/doing] pleases the leader.
# The opportunity was not given for fighting.
# Caesar has stopped speaking. 
# The time for throwing javelins at the enemy was short.
# They have come near to talk.
# He shall go with you all to enquire about their names. 
# He wanted to know where they had been going. 
# Labienus ordered that the camp be fortified with a rampart. 

=== § 465, p. 179* ===

# Īs, ībant, ierat.
# Ībimus, ieris.
# Quō iērunt?
# Eīs īre persuādet.
# Imperāvit ut eant.
# Causā quaerendī pācem vēnērunt. 
# Spatium ōrandī nōn datum est. 
# Ad nāvigandum mare appropinquābant.
# Eō diē tria mīllia passuum iērunt et occassū solis casta posuērunt.  

=== § 476, p. 183* ===

# He bears, we bear, they shall bear.
# To bear, he shall bear, to have borne.
# They are coming back to bring help.
# They had borne, he had been carried. 
# In peace-seeking.
# On account of desiring freedom.  
# By increasing men.
# Of bridge-making.
# The legion prepares itself for waging war.
# Many have come together to see the new city.
# The sign had to be given.
# With the signal given, the soldiers marched with the greatest swiftness.
# Everything had been done at once. 
# We reckon that the war ought to be arranged.
# He lacked time because of the javelin throwing. 
# Weapons are to be brought to the winter-quarters. 

=== § 477, p. 183* ===

# Fers, ferunt, tulerat. 
# Tulistī, ferēbant, ferendō.
# Auxilium ferēbatur.
# Dīxērunt scūta ferenda esse.
# Oppidī videndī.
# Causā aciēī īnstruendī. 
# Bellō gerendō.
# In acrīs vāstandīs.
# Vīs sociōrum cotīdiē auget. 
# Vīs hostium ferenda est. 
# Cohors celeritāte redūcenda est. 
# Lēgātus hīs cōpiīs praesentus erat. 

=== § 485, p. 187 ===
=== § 486, p. 187 ===
=== § 491, p. 189 ===
=== § 492, p. 189 ===
=== § 499, p. 193 ===
=== § 500, p. 193 ===
=== § 504, p. 195 ===
=== § 505, p. 195 ===

== Reading Lessons ==

Translations for the reading lessons are kept as literal as possible. These should not be taken as an example neither for translation nor reading.

=== § 96, p. 46-7 ===

Cornelia and Julia are small girls. Where do they dwell? They dwell not in Greece but in a renowned town of Italy. They are inhabitants of Rome. Italy is the native country of the Romans. Rome has wide roads and large temples. The Romans like and approve of war.
&lt;br&gt;
Cornelia is a poet's daughter. The poet often walks in wide gardens. He also sings about the long war and the flight of the Germans because he approves the victory of the Romans.
&lt;br&gt;
Julia is a farmer's daughter. The farmer has horses and new carts. The farmer's horses carry food and grain. The farmer's slaves give water to the horses. Julia likes the horses and praises the slaves. The farmer is a good master.
&lt;br&gt;
Marcus and Galba, tribunes, are friends of the girls. Marcus is a friend of the poet's and tells pleasing stories to Cornelia. Galba shows forests and islands of the sea to Julia. (During the modern times this could, and probably would, end up being understood horribly wrong, and the whole affair would end badly for both Marcus and Galba.)
&lt;br&gt;
A good woman teaches the girls. Cornelia's diligence delights the woman. She calls together the girls in the poet's garden, and she tells stories. The stories of war frighten the small girls.
&lt;br&gt;
They (= presumably the girls and the woman) often prepare gifts for Vesta. Who is Vesta? Vesta is a Roman goddess, and she has a temple. The girls often walk on Roman roads and behold the booty of Germany and Britain.

=== § 138, p. 61 ===

Romulus has built Rome, the renowned city of Italy. The Romans were strong men, and they loved their fatherland. They were fighting often for their fatherland, and with arms they subdued often the Sabines in battle. The Sabines had fine arms, and they fought with great zeal for a long time with long javelins. But the Romans put the Sabines in flight, and they wounded many men with (their) swords.

=== § 158, p. 67 ===

Mars, ancestor of the Romans, was fond of arms, battles and wars. Romulus and Remus, sons of the god of arms, have built Rome. And so, battles and wars delighted the minds of the Romans. The Romans worshipped Mercury, Neptune, and Vesta. Mercury, a messenger of the gods, related commands of the gods to inhabitants of the Earth. Sailors worshipped Neptune, the god of water and sea. Women worshipped Vesta, the goddess of hearth, and they prepared many offerings for the goddess.

=== § 169, p. 72 ===

''Marcus'': My friend told me a good story today.

''Julia'': About what did your friend tell?

''Marcus'': (He told) about Icarus, son of Daedalus, an unfortunate boy.

''Julia'': Where did Icarus live? In Britain?

''Marcus'': He did not live in Britain, but in Crete, a large and famous island. Daedalus conceived and prepared wings for (his) son. These wings he put on Icarus using wax with great care. The wings were pleasing to Daedalus. The he taught Daedalus, the boy, to fly, but Icarus flew too high. An so the sun melted the wax, and the wings fell off.

''Julia'': And what about Icarus?

''Marcus'': Icarus too fell down into the sea.

''Julia'': [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alack Alack], poor Icarus!

=== § 170, p. 73 ===

'''The Romans fight for (their) allies'''

Because injuries have been many, our allies ask for succour. And accordingly, the Romans have sent a legate with men into the land of Helvetians. Presently this legate has called men together in a town. He has bought food and carts, and he has armed the men with swords and shields. Meanwhile the allies have prepared grain. Today the legate will strengthen the spirits of the men. Then he will lead the men in neighbouring lands and will wait for a battle. The spot of that battle is near to the Helvetians('s troops). Our men will fight with great zeal for the allies, and they will subdue the Helvetians. They will lead many prisoners into the town. Those prisoners will pass the winter in our villages.

=== § 200, p. 84 ===

Porsena, an enemy of the Romans, was a famous king. Once he was besieging the city, Rome. Terror of the Romans was great, because Porsena had many soldiers. Frightened women were supplicating the gods in temples. But the bravery of a strong man protected Rome. For with a few comrades Horatius kept back the enemy in front of the Sublician bridge. Meanwhile the citizens dismantled and broke down the bridge in the rear. Then Horatius sent away (his) comrades, and he (alone) defended the bridge against the enemy. Finally the bridge fell down, and among the javelins of the enemy Horatius leapt down into the Tiber and swam to his comrades. This example of bravery saved Rome. Today we praise the deeds of Horatius.

=== § 202, p. 85 ===

Spain, Gaul, and Germany were countries of Europe. Nearest to the Strait of Gibraltar (= [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules the Pillars of Hercules]) was Spain. The Gauls lived between Spain and Germany, and Germans dwelled on the other side of Rhine. The Germans had a few villages in Gaul too. Because these nations were enemies (of the Romans), the Romans have fought with the Spaniards, the Gauls, and the Germans often.

Between Gaul and the (mediterranean) sea was a new province of Rome. For a long time the inhabitants of that province warded off violence of the Gauls. Finally they requested help from the Romans; for they were greatly afraid of the neighbouring Helvetians. The Helvetians were hostile not only to the province but also to the Germans, and they were fighting the Germans with almost daily battles.

=== § 216, p. 91 ===
M: Today I heard the story about Porsena and Horatius.

I: Who was Porsena? Was he a Roman?

M: Porsena, a noble king, was an enemy of the Romans. With daring soldiers he came into the territories of the Romans, and he attacked the city of Rome.

I: Did the Romans flee because of the danger?

M: Great was the danger of the city and of the citizens, because the enemies were brave and eager, but the Romans did not flee.

I: Did Porsena capture Rome?

M: He did not capture the city, because the bravery of a strong man was protecting the citizens. With few allies, Horatius was bravely fighting for the city.

I: Did Horatius withstand the enemies for a long time?

M: Not for a long time, because the enemies were many, and they were hurling many javelins. But he swam across the river to allies. The Romans praised Horatius on account of his courage.

=== § 222, p. 93 ===

# Once a friend asked a Spartan: &quot;Why does Spart not have walls?&quot; The Spartan responded: &quot;Our city has the very best walls, the courage of the strong inhabitants.&quot;
# Once the Spartan king said: &quot;My citizens have never asked, 'How many are the enemies?' but 'Where are they?'&quot;
# Before battle with a Spartan, an enemy said, 'You will not see the sun on account of a multitude of javelins and arrows.&quot; &quot;In shade, therefore, we will fight,&quot; responded the Spartan.

=== § 234, p. 98 ===
In Gaul, the citizens were many and strong. The chiefs of these citizens feared the power and commands of the Romans. Therefore, they had called together many soldiers and among the mountains and hills they were waiting for the Romans.

In the first year of the war, the Roman people sent Caesar against the Gauls. This leader, with Labienus and foot soldiers and a few horsemen, hasetened out of Italy in the summer and without peril came into the territories of the Gauls. In these places the scouts of Caesar found enemies.

At dawn, the Roman soldiers attacked the Gauls. Intense was the battle. The Gauls were defending the place with stones and heavy weapons. Our men were throwing javelins, and with swords they were withstanding the enemeis. Finally the weary Gauls, on account of a lack of weapons and wounds, fled across the river.

For ten years Caesar waged many wars in Gaul and he sent many captives to Rome.

=== § 236, p. 99 ===
Because the Britons had often sent aid to the Gauls, Caesar sailed to the Britain island. Although frightened by a great number of ships and men, the strong Britains fought with great courage in defense of the homeland. Yet finally they fled from shore. After this battle, the Romans had laid waste to the fields of the enemies, and had seized villages, and had captured much booty. Cassivellaunus, chief of the Britons, sent envoys to Caesar. Caesar demanded hostages. With these hostages and many captives, he came out of Britain into Gaul. On account of this victory, great was the power of the Romans in Britain.

=== § 275, p. 111 ===
At one time, the cities of Rome were rendered a great danger from the Volscians, who were bold enemies of the Roman people. The Volscians were stirred and led by Coriolanus, a Roman. At last, many buildings in the fields were laid waste by the enemies. The citizens armed themselves. The city was supplied food by the consul. In vain the enemies were hindered. Then, because of the great danger, the Romans sent the mother of Coriolanus to him regarding peace, because she was greatly loved by her son. Veturia, the mother of Coriolanus, came into the camp to her son. She found him in the camp. Coriolanus saw her and said, 'My country have conquered me and my allies.' At once he fled from the city with the enemies.

=== § 277, p. 111 ===
Many stories concerning Perseus are told by poets. Perseus was the son of Jupiter, king of the gods. His grandfather was Acrisius. He was wishing to kill Perseus; for on account of the power of the gods, he feared the boy. Therefore, he captured him while he was still a baby, and placed him with his mother in a chest. Then he cast the chest into the sea. Danae, the mother of Perseus, was fearing greatly, for a great storm was disturbing the sea. However, Perseus was sleeping in the arms of his mother.

=== § 291, p. 115 ===
Then Jupiter saw all of this, and he determined to save his son. Therefore he made the sea calm, and he drew the chest to the island of Seraphim. Polydectus was the king of this island at that time. After the ark was drawn to the shore, Danae was sleeping on the sand. After a short time she was found by a man, and she was led to the king. He received well the mother and son, and offered to them a safe dwelling in his territories.

=== § 314, p. 124 ===
Scipio and Hannibal were famous generals. The former was a Roman, who won great victories; the latter was a Carthaginian, who conquered the Romans in many battles. Hannibal, when a boy, was brought to the altar by his father. There he swore hatred against the Romans. The young man captured many towns in Spain, then he passed over the Alp mountains and often defeated the Romans in Italy. Scipio, near the Ticinus River, courageously saved the life of his father, and afterwards, near Cannae, showed himself brave against Hannibal. War was carried across into Africa, and there Scipio defeated Hannibal near Zama. He is called by the Romans, 'Africanus.'

=== § 316, p. 125 ===
Perseus, as a young man, withdrew from the island Seriphus, and, after he came to the mainland, sought Medusa. For a long time, in vain, he was seeking her for he was ignorant of the nature of the location. After a while, Mercury and Minerva showed to him the road. First unto the Graeae, the sisters of Medusa, he came. With their help he received winged shoes and a magic helmet. Mercury and Minerva gave to him a sword and mirror. Then, after he put on his feet the winged shoes, he ascended into the air. For a long time he flew through the air; finally, however, to that place where Medusa was living with the other Gorgons he came. The Gorgons were monsters whose heads were wholly covered with snakes. But their hands were made from bronze.

=== § 337, p. 132 ===
If you are doing well, it is good; I am also doing well. This letter I am gladly writing to you. By the advice of my doctor I am wintering in Italy with my parents. With you snow covers everything, but with us here we rarely see snow. The air is mild; the heavens smile. Sometimes I walk on the shore or I wander in the spacious gardens, for the grass and trees are green there. From here I see Mt. Vesuvius, from here nearly the entire city, from here the beautiful islands situated in the sea. Daily, I give much of ''my'' work in the Latin language. I learn this language much easier than Greek. But now I form the end of the letter; soon I will tell to you everything in person. Farewell, my friend.

=== § 339, p. 133 ===
The most difficult thing was the cutting off the head of the Gorgon. for by the sight of it men would be turned into stone. Because of this reason, Minerva had given to Perseus the mirror. Therefore he turned his back, and into the mirror he looked; by this manner he advanced to the place where Medusa was sleeping. Then with his sword he cut off her head with one stroke. The remaining Gorgons immediately were awakened from sleep, and, when they saw the thing, were disturbed. They seized weapons, and they intended to kill Perseus. However while he was fleeing, he put on the magic helmet; and, where he did this, immediately he went out of their view. 

=== § 368, p. 142 ===
On the next day, Caesar led the army out from the camp and made a march to the river. The thing was reported by the enemy, whose foot-soldiers were seen by us on the top of the hill. Then Caesar placed the calvary in the sides so that they could help the foot-soldiers, and he incited the spirits of the soldiers to battle in this way: &quot;All the hope of the public affair is placed on our courage. Fortune helps the brave. The brave will conquer.&quot; The enemy then fiercely made an attack against our line so that they gave way. However for a short time the enemy were overcome so that from all sides of the battle they fled across the river. Their leader was captured and he was sent to Rome.

=== § 370, p. 143 ===
=== § 391, p. 149 ===
=== § 406, p. 156* ===
After this battle, Caesar spoke to his soldiers in a meeting thus: they had fought bravely; and so the enemy has been defeated everywhere and has fled to the mountains and the marshes; he [Caesar] would give the booty to them; he [Caesar] knew that they were tired on account of the long war and that he would send them to Italy at once; he [Caesar] wanted to remain in Gaul through the winter, but the following summer he [Caesar] would lead his own (men) to the Germans; many captives had been sent to Rome, and the Roman people were delighted by their victory. 

=== § 408, p. 156-7* ===
When Perseus saw this, he took out his sword, and, after donning his magic boots, flew through the air. Then he suddenly attacked the monster from above, and gravely wounded its neck with his sword. When the monster felt the wound, it let out a horrible noise and without delay submerged its entire body in the water. As Perseus flew around the shore, he awaited its return. But meanwhile, the sea was being tainted everywhere with blood. After a short time the beast exposed its head again; nevertheless it was soon wounded by Perseus with a more severe strike. Then it again submerged itself in the waves, and thereafter was never seen again. 

After Perseus descended to the shore, he first removed his magic boots; then came to the cliff where Andromeda was bound. But she had put away all hope of salvation, and when Perseus arrived, she had nearly died of fear. The former loosened her bonds at once and returned the girl to her father. Cepheus was affected with great joy on account of this action. And so he gave Andromeda to Perseus in matrimony. Perseus lived with his wife in this region for a few years, and existed in great honor among all Ethiopians. 

=== § 423, p. 163* ===
[From Caesar's ''Commentāriī De Bellō Gallicō'' Book I.I]

All of Gaul is divided in three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, and the third those who are called Gauls. Of all of these the bravest are the Belgae because they are neither near the Roman provinces nor do traders come to them often; and they are the nearest to the Germans, who live across the Rhine, and with whom they wage war. For this reason the Helvetians are also braver than the rest of Gaul. They struggle on account of nearly daily battles with the Germans, when they restrain them from their own territories or they themselves wage war in the Germans' territories. This part that the Gauls occupy begins at the river Rhone; and is stopped at the river Garonne, the ocean, and the Belgian territories.

=== § 438, p. 168* ===
Certain mice had a meeting once, for they greatly feared a cat. Plans that were put forward was not pleasing to all. Finally one mouse spoke thus: &quot;We ought to tie a tinnabulum to the cat's tail. Thus truly on account of his sound we shall be warned and shall be able to flee. Who of us wishes to do this?&quot; But none of the companions was persuaded to tie the tintinnabulum to the cat, and he himself was unwilling. This story teaches that very many are bold in offering advice but are afraid of the very risk [of doing so]. 

=== § 439, p. 168* ===
One time, Nasica came to the house of the poet Ennis and asked about him. The slave-girl responded that Ennius was not at home. But Nasica felt that that girl said this on account of the master's command and that Ennius was home. A few days later Ennius came to Nasica's house. She exclaims to him that Nasica is not at home. Then Ennius said, &quot;What? Do I not know your voice?&quot; Hereupon Nasica replied, &quot;You are a shameless man. I believed your slave-girl; you do not believe me myself?&quot;

=== § 440, p. 168-9* ===
[From Caesar's ''Commentāriī De Bellō Gallicō'' Book I.II]

Oregetorix was the most famous of the Helvetians for a long time. He was led by desire for the kingship and created a conspiracy of the nobility. Then he persuaded the state to hasten from their own land with all of their troops. It was easy to persuade them because the Helvetians are enclosed on all sides by the nature of the place: on one side the river Rhine, the broadest and deepest, which divided the land of the Helvetians from the Germans; on the other side by the very high Jura mountain, which is between the Sequani and the Helvetians; on the third side by lake Lemannus [Geneva] and the river Rhine, which divides our province from the Helvetians. On account of the multitude of men and the glory of war they reckoned themselves to have a small territory, which extended 240 miles in length and 180 miles in breadth.

=== § 449, p. 173* ===

# Lacaenus said to his son while hastening to battle, &quot;either on a shield or with a shield.&quot; (A Greek saying based on the fact that slain warriors would be carried home upon their shields.)
# Leonidas said to the soldiers, &quot;The enemies are near us,&quot; to which he responded, &quot;Now we are near the enemy.&quot;
# Thales, having been asked, &quot;What is common to men?&quot; responded, &quot;Hope; for truly now they have this who have nothing at all.&quot;
# A Corinthian spectator asked, &quot;You make strong and high walls. Which women inhabit this city?&quot; 
# A certain man asked Aristotle, &quot;What is friendship?&quot; Aristotle replied, &quot;One soul in two bodies.&quot; 
# Cicero said, &quot;The one that cannot tame an army is the general who cannot tame himself.&quot;  

=== § 451, p. 173-4* ===
The Helvetians, influenced by these things and having been agitated by the authority of Orgetorix, determined to buy the maximum number of carts, prepare a supply of grain, and strengthen peace and friendship with neighboring nations. 

Meanwhile Orgetorix assumed the position of ambassador towards the nations. 

During this quest he persuaded Casticus, a Sequani, whose father had possessed the Sequani kingdom for many years and had been named friend of the Roman people by the Senate, to seize the kingdom in his own nation. 

He persuaded this man to do the same for the other chiefs.

Influenced by Orgetorix's speech, these chiefs offered hostages amongst themselves, and they hoped to be able to occupy the entirety of Gaul by themselves. 

The Helvetians however did not approve of this meeting. 

Therefore they gathered together a multitude of men from the fields to avert Orgetorix's plans. 

But at this time Orgetorix suddenly died.   

=== § 479, p. 184-5 ===
=== § 494, p. 190-1 ===

== Reviews ==

=== § 68, p. 38 ===
=== § 69, p. 38 ===
=== § 70, p. 39 ===
=== § 71, p. 39 ===
=== § 72, p. 39 ===

# Rule: The subject of a sentence is in the nominative case.&lt;br&gt;''Equus natat.''
# Rule: A verb agrees with its subject in number and person.&lt;br&gt;''Equī natant.''
# Rule: The object of a verb is in the accusative case.&lt;br&gt;''Puella equum exspectat.''
# Rule: The word enoting the owner or possessor is in the genitive case.&lt;br&gt;''Equus puellae natat.''
# Rule: The cause of and action may be expressed by a dependent clause introduced by ''quod''.&lt;br&gt;''Equus natat quod puella equum exspectat.''
# Rule: The indirect object of a verb is in the dative case.&lt;br&gt;''Rēgīna puellae equum dat.''
# Rule: Plase where is commonly expressed by a phrase consisting of a preposition, usually ''in'', with the ablative case.&lt;br&gt;''Puella in agrō equum spectat.''
# Rule: -.&lt;br&gt;''Quis puellae equum dat?''&lt;br&gt;''Rēgīnane puellae equum dat?''&lt;br&gt;''Cuius equum rēgīna puellae dat?''

=== § 115, p. 54 ===
=== § 116, p. 54 ===
=== § 117, p. 55 ===
=== § 118, p. 55 ===
=== § 119, p. 55 ===

# Rule: Adjectives agree with their nouns in case, gender, and number. &lt;br&gt;''Ea puella equum bonum et parvam habet.''
# Rule: A predicate noun agrees in case with the subject of the verb. &lt;br&gt;''Cornēlia est puella.''
# Rule: A predicate adjective agrees in case, gender, and number with the subject of the verb. &lt;br&gt;''Iūlia et Cornēlia sunt amīcae.''
# Rule: An appositive agrees in case with the noun it explains. &lt;br&gt;''Cornēlia puella equum probat.''
# Rule: Certain adjectives meaning near, fit, friendly, pleasing, like, and their opposites may be accompanied by a dative to show the person or the thin toward which the quality of the adjective is directed. &lt;br&gt;''Equus Cornēliae grātus est.''

=== § 163, p. 70 ===
=== § 164, p. 70 ===
=== § 165, p. 70 ===
=== § 166, p. 71 ===
=== § 167, p. 71 ===

# Rule: The means by which an action is accomplished is expressed by the ablative without a preposition.&lt;br&gt;''Sociōs vulnerōs scutīs portāvērunt.''
# Rule: The ablative with cum is used with abstract nouns to denote the manner of an action; but cum may be omitted if an adjective modifies the noun of the phrase.&lt;br&gt;''In eō locō cum studīo pugnāvērunt; sed prō eō vīcō magnā cūrā pugnāvērunt.''
# Rule: The ablative with cum is used to show accompaniment.&lt;br&gt;''Is lēgātus in Italiam cum sociīs properāvit.''

=== § 203, p. 86 ===
=== § 204, p. 86 ===
=== § 205, p. 87 ===
=== § 206, p. 87 ===
=== § 207, p. 87 ===

# Rule: Place from which is expressed by the ablative with ''ā'' (''ab''), ''dē'' or ''ē'' (''ex'').&lt;br&gt;''Ab urbē Horātius properat.''&lt;br&gt;''Dē pontē Horātius desiluit.''&lt;br&gt;''Ē portā Horātius properāvit.''
# Rule: The place to which is expressed by the accusative with ''ad'' or ''in''.&lt;br&gt;''Ad pontem Horātius cucurrit.''&lt;br&gt;''In flūmen Horātius desilit.''
# Rule: The ablative without a preposition is used to express cause.&lt;br&gt;''Multīs vulneribus mīlitēs dēfessī sunt.''
# Rule: Cause may also be expressed by a prepositional phrase consisting of ''ob'' or ''propter'' with the accusative, or of ''dē'' or ''ex'' with the ablative.&lt;br&gt;''Ob virtūtem Horātiī eum laudāmus.''&lt;br&gt;''Rōmānī multīs dē iniūrīs cum Helvetiīs pugnāverunt.''
# Rule: -&lt;br&gt;''Ad pontem contrā hostīs Horātius properat.''&lt;br&gt;''Ante pontem inter sociōs Horātius apud hostīs pugnāvit.''&lt;br&gt;''Ob iniūriās per urbem et trāns pontem Horātius, et post Horātium cīvēs, properāvērunt.''
# Rule: -&lt;br&gt;''Ab urbe et ē portās cum sociīs prō Rōmā Horātius, sine terrōre, properat.''
# Rule: -&lt;br&gt;''Nostrī dēfessī sunt.''&lt;br&gt;''Dux dēfessōs ā proeliō dīmīsit.''

=== § 252, p. 104 ===
=== § 253, p. 104 ===
=== § 254, p. 104 ===
=== § 255, p. 105 ===
=== § 256, p. 105 ===

=== § 301, p. 120 ===
=== § 302, p. 120 ===
=== § 303, p. 121 ===
=== § 304, p. 121 ===
=== § 305, p. 121 ===

=== § 362, p. 140 ===
=== § 363, p. 140 ===
=== § 364, p. 141 ===
=== § 365, p. 141 ===
=== § 366, p. 141 ===

=== § 415, p. 160 ===
=== § 416, p. 160 ===
=== § 417, p. 161 ===
=== § 418, p. 161 ===
=== § 419, p. 161 ===

=== § 466, p. 180 ===
=== § 467, p. 180 ===
=== § 468, p. 181 ===
=== § 469, p. 181 ===
=== § 470, p. 181 ===

=== § 506, p. 196 ===
=== § 507, p. 196 ===
=== § 508, p. 197 ===
=== § 509, p. 197 ===
=== § 510, p. 197 ===
=== § 511, p. 197 ===</text>
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      <text bytes="80939" sha1="fgv6ykdh5p6twvenasn38ootcw4z71p" xml:space="preserve">This wikibook is an answer key to the revised 1918 edition of Collar's and Daniell's ''First Year Latin''. There are two copies of this edition in the Internet Archive: [https://archive.org/details/collaranddaniel00jenkgoog] and [https://archive.org/details/collardaniellsfi00collrich another copy]).

=== About References ===

The references are to the paragraph numbers (§ ''N'') and the original page numbers (p. ''N'') of ''First Year Latin''.

=== Abbreviations ===

{|
|-
| ''acc'' || accusative
|-
| ''act'' || active voice
|-
| ''abl'' || the ablative case
|-
| ''dat'' || the dative case
|-
| ''gen'' || the genitive case
|-
| ''imp'' || the imperative mood
|-
| ''imperf'' || the imperfect tense
|-
| ''ind'' || the indicative mood
|-
| ''inf'' || the infinitive mood
|-
| ''nom'' || the nominative case
|-
| ''pass'' || the passive voice
|-
| ''perf'' || the perfect tense
|-
| ''pl'' || the plural
|-
| ''pluperf'' || the pluperfect tense
|-
| ''sg'' || the singular
|-
| ''subj'' || the subjunctive mood
|}

=== About Prose Translations ===

All prose translations have been kept as literal as possible. This should not be taken as a model to emulate. Quite contrary, one should hardly ever aim at a literal translation instead of a fluent one.

Answers marked with a * may be written with a little more liberty by a different pupil, though are still more-or-less literal translations. 

== Exercises ==

=== § 30, p. 25 ===

# A sailor is singing.
# Sailors are singing.
# A farmer is working.
# Farmers are working.
# A girl swims.
# Girls swim.
# Cornelia draws near.
# Are the girls drawing near? (In a boys-only school this might have stirred the pupils somewhat.)
# Cornelia and the girls are singing.
# Julia works and sings.
# What is approaching?
# Are the sailors swimming?
# Who is walking?

=== § 31, p. 25 ===

# Nauta natat.
# Puellae cantant.
# Quis appropinquat?
# Appropinguantne nautae?
# Cantatne Cornēlia?
# Cornēlia et Iūlia ambulant et cantant.
# Puella cantat, et agricola labōrat.
# Nautae et agricolae labōrant.

=== § 36, p. 27 ===

# Galba has a trumpet.
# Does Galba have trumpets?
# Girls praise Cornelia and Julia.
# A sailor sees a letter.
# Galba calls together the sailors.
# Who sees Galba?
# Whom Galba is seeing?
# The farmer now calls the girls together.
# Do the sailors see land?
# Girls like Cornelia.

=== § 37, p. 27 ===

# Quis appropinquat?
# Nauta et Galba appropinquant.
# Quid agricola habet?
# Agricola terram habet.
# Laudatne Galba agricolae?
# Puella aquam et terram videt.
# Nautae agricolās convocant.
# Iūlia litterās nunc habet.

=== § 41, p. 29 ===

# She walks, calls together, sings.
# Are they calling together? Singing? Praising?
# You (sg.) swim, work, walk.
# We like, draw near, walk.
# You (pl.) are calling together, are singing, are liking.
# They like, she is giving, we are praising.
# Whom are you looking at?
# I praise the inhabitants.
# You (pl.) often praise Julia.
# But we are praising the letter.
# What are you (pl.) giving now?

=== § 42, p. 29 ===

# Natō, natat, natō.
# Labōrāsne/labōrātisne? cantāmus, laudatne?
# Appropinquant, dant, ambulās/ambulātis.
# Laudās/laudātis, natant, labōrat.
# Incolās convocāmus, sed nautās convocātis.
# Puellae aquam nunc spectant.

=== § 46, p. 31 ===

# She delights, we are routing, you set free.
# We are waiting, they carry, you delight.
# We delight, you (pl.) rout, they are setting free.
# Is she freeing? I am freeing, we are carrying.
# They are setting free the farmers' daughters.
# The poet's fortune pleases the queen.
# We are looking at the woman's daughters. (Quite possibly a true story from a boy school.)
# Does Galba's ''daughter'' expect a letter?
# Even the trumpets of the sailors put the inhabitants to flight.
# Whose letter are you carrying?

=== § 47, p. 31 ===

# Nautās rēgīnae convocō.
# Fīliae poetārum terram amant.
# Cuius fīliam liberās/liberātis?
# Laudantne fīliās Galbae?
# Agricolās nunc expectāmus.
# Quem fortūna agricolārum dēlectat?

=== § 52, p. 33 ===

# You have money.
# I teach Julia.
# You often advice the inhabitants.
# Do they frighten the girls?
# Whom are they seeing?
# We advice and we teach.
# What do we have?
# I now see a booty.
# You (pl.) see a trumpet.
# Are you (pl.) warning ''the farmers''?
# They have a letter.
# Julia teaches the poet's daughters.
# The pirates have even the farmers' money.
# The daughters' fate pleases the woman. (Obviously they got married off to better men than the boys of this school became.)
# Why do you warn Julia and Cornelia?
# Whom do you teach and advice?
# The women praise the girls because they work. (Hopefully nothing beyond the chaste exercise of weaving, though.)

=== § 53, p. 33 ===

# Monent.
# Habent.
# Moneō.
# Terrēs/terrētis.
# Vidēmus.
# Puellāsne docet?
# Pīrātamne Iūlia et Cornēlia spectant?
# Cūr pīrātae incolās terrent?
# Pecūniam et praedam habent.
# Fēminam laudāmus quod puellās docet.
# Quis vidēs/vidētis? Quid spectās/spectātis?

=== § 61, p. 35 ===

# A farmer shows the road to a woman.
# Cornelia tells the story even to the girls.
# We dwell on an island.
# Who shows the island to the poets?
# Why are the pirates remaining in the water?
# To whom are you giving the money?
# The sailors show the booty to the farmers.
# The inhabitants are approaching on the road and they are looking at the queen.
# They like the mistress because she tells stories.

=== § 62, p. 35 ===

# Cuī fēminam dēmonstrās/dēmonstrātis?
# Iūliae letterās dēmonstrō.
# Rēgīnae fābulās narrant.
# Fīlia Galbae nautīs pecūniam dat.
# Habitantne pīrātae in īnsulā?
# Cuius fīliae in viam appropinquant?

=== § 66, p. 37 ===

# Why are the poets remaining in the woods?
# To whom are you telling about the queen's victory?
# I see Julia and Cornelia in the portal.
# In Germany and Greece they often assemble the farmers.
# Do they live in the province?
# The sailors' victory frightens the farmers.
# The girls' diligence pleases the woman.
# In the fight we put to flight the pirates of Italy.
# Galba tells about the flight of the pirates.

=== § 67, p. 37 ===

# In prōvinciā Graeciae incolō.
# Silvae prōvinciārum poetīs dēlectant.
# Fīliae Iūliae pecūniam dat.
# Cuī aquam dās/dātis?
# Cuius dīligentiam laudās/laudātis?
# In viā exspectant et silvās spectant.

=== § 75, p. 41 ===

# I see a town.
# We are seeing towns.
# Is the master warning a slave?
# The tribune is looking at a horse.
# The masters' horses delight the slaves.
# Marcus is narrating a story to a friend.
# The masters give the spoils friends.
# We often call together the friends in the town.
# Slaves are approaching, and they are carrying grain and water.

=== § 76, p. 41 ===

# Quis equum tribūnī habet?
# Servī dōna dominōrum nunc habent.
# Amicōsne in hortō habēs/habētis?
# Servus frūmentum tribūnī portat.
# Cuius dōnum Marcō dēmonstrant?
# Oppidum et hortōs oppidī vidēmus.

=== § 83, p. 43 ===

# We are looking at and also approving of the large horses.
# The tribune gives a javelin to a good friend.
# The sailor's welcome gift delights Julia.
# A strong sailor has strong oars.
# A girl sees good slaves.
# Great winds do not frighten sailors.
# Where do you see the strong farmers' grain?
# They are carrying the grain in a large cart.
# The pirates are frightening the farmers because they have javelins.

=== § 84, p. 43 ===

# Carrum magnum habeō.
# Dominus bonus servum bonum habet.
# Atque servō bonō dōnum grātum dat.
# Probatne servus dōnum?
# Magnō in oppidō Graeciae nōn habitant.
# Nautās bonōs nōn convocat.
# Ubi silvam magnam vidēs/vidētis?

=== § 91, p. 45 ===

# Galba is a farmer.
# Galba is strong.
# Julia and Cornelia are my daughters.
# My daughter is small.
# Is your town large?
# Britain is an island of Europe.
# Vesta was a Roman goddess.
# The carts of the Romans were good and strong.
# War is not welcome.
# Wars aren't welcome.
# Greece is a small country of Europe.
# We are friends of the tribune.
# In the large town we see wide roads.

=== § 92, p. 45 ===

# Viae oppidī sunt longae.
# Viae Rōmae nōn erant lātae.
# Viae Britanniae sunt lātae et longae.
# Ubi es/estis?
# Dōna nova tribūnī sunt grāta.
# Deōs laudāmus quod dōna dant.
# Rōmānī sumus sed in Britanniā habitāmus.

=== § 101, p. 49 ===

# The sons of the men are in Britain.
# The men are allies.
# I am a messenger of the allies.
# We are waiting for the small boys, sons of the tribune.
# The boys have Marcus' sword and javelin.
# Who shows the way to the man?
# The battle is long, and the allies are waiting for help.
# A man and sons of the messenger are toiling in the field.
# Why are you giving rewards to the men?

=== § 102, p. 49 ===

# Fīlius nūntī est puer parvus.
# Gladium tuum vidēmus sed pilum tuum nōn habēmus.
# Puerōs parvōs et fēminam terrent.
# Virī sociōs fugant.
# Ubi nūntiī habitant?
# Gladium fīlī meī habeō.
# Bella et proelia Rōmānōs dēlectant.

=== § 105, p. 50 ===

# I see horses in Marcus', friend's, field.
# A wretched messenger is telling a miserable story of the allies' flight.
# They are giving rewards to your friends.
# Money, Cornelia's gift, is pleasing to our son.
# We are free men in a free town.
# The Greek goddesses were many.
# Our associate is miserable because he has no sword.
# They are subduing the Romans in a battle.
# Are you calling your son?
# A miserable slave prepares food for a master.

A bonus question about the translation of 10. for the boys in the back row: Are all slaves miserable because they prepare food for their masters or is this particular slave miserable because he's preparing food for his master or is this particular slave miserable because he's preparing food for a master not his own?

=== § 106, p. 51 ===

# Amīcī nostrī, Mārcus et Galba, sunt miserī.
# Multī carrī in viīs oppidī nostrī sunt.
# Fīliōs miserōs nūntiōrum convocat.
# Ubi equum tuum vides?
# Ventī nautās nōn terrent.
# Fīliī virōrum līberōrum sumus.
# Pīlum dōnum āmicī habeō.

=== § 113, p. 53 ===

# She is, she was, she will be.
# They are, they were, they will be.
# We are, we were, we will be.
# I am, I was, I will be.
# You (sg.) are, you (sg.) were, you (sg.) will be.
# You (pl.) are, you (pl.) were, you (pl.) will be.
# Certainly we were hostile towards Marcus, your son.
# Next to the town were many fields.
# Injuries of the allies were many.
# I see an island near to the (main)land.
# The winds will not be pleasing to the sailors.
# Farmers were not fit for a long war.
# Meanwhile, we will be favourable to your sons.
# Swords and javelins are suitable for a battle.

=== § 114, p. 53 ===

# Sum, sumus.
# Ubi eramus? In oppidō eram.
# Erō, erimus.
# Estne tribūnus? Sociī sunt.
# Interim vir līber eris.
# Oppida nostra Graeciae propinqua sunt.
# Virī in oppidīs nostrīs Rōmae inimīcī sunt.
# Erit magnum proelium in Britanniā.
# Librī Mārcō amicō meō grātī certē erunt.

=== § 124, p. 57 ===

# They were showing, she was preparing, you (pl.) were filling.
# I was telling, you (sg.) were seeing, we were dwelling.
# You (sg.) were overcoming, you (pl.) were having, she was approving.
# You (sg.) were singing, I was freeing, you (pl.) were staying.
# I was frightening, she was calling, you (pl). were delighting.
# I was calling together the lieutenants.
# Farmers were bringing grain and food in small carts.
# Meanwhile they were fighting with swords in forests.
# We were equipping our allies with shields.
# I was calling the lieutenant, my friend.
# They were subduing the tribune and the lieutenant in the fight with javelins.
# Your gifts were pleasing to the gods.
# The village was next to the sea.

=== § 125, p. 57 ===

# Ambulābam sed in agrō exspectābās.
# Armābāmus, manēbant.
# Appropinquābātis et pugnābant.
# In vicō labōrābant.
# Fābulīs et librīs docēbāmus.
# Amicōs vestrōs gladiīs vestriīs liberābātis.
# Cibus Helvetiīs dēfessīs grātus erat.
# Virī pīlīs longīs pugnābant.
# Lēgātus vīcum cibō et frūmentō complēbat.

=== § 130, p. 59 ===

# They will call, they will fill, they will hasten.
# Is she arming? She will overcome, we will keep.
# Will they stay? We will show, I will frighten.
# You (sg.) will work, you (pl.) will teach, I will dwell.
# Where to is the strong farmer hurrying?
# A farmer and boys will hurry to the fields.
# They toil in the fields with great zeal.
# They will carry the grain into the village with care.
# You (pl.) will build boats with great diligence.

=== § 131, p. 59 ===

# Aedificābis.
# Properābit.
# Quis nōn manēbit?
# Tenēbitis.
# Virōs aegrōs magnō cum cūrā portābimus.
# Quō lēgātus properābit?
# In Graeciam properābit atque incolās armābit.
# Ubi amīcī nostrī cum studiō pugnābunt?
# Virī nāvigia cum dīligentiā complēbant.

=== § 135, p. 61 ===

# Has she called? She has called together, she has subdued.
# They have fought, they have expected, they have worked.
# We have hastened, we have built, we have equipped.
# Did I praise? You (sg.) have called, you (pl.) have hastened.
# She has brought, she has delighted, she has given.

=== § 136, p. 61 ===

# Laudāvistī/-istis, dēmonstrāvistī/-istis, narrāvistī/-istis.
# Dedī, portāvī, liberāvī.
# Probāvērunt, cantāvērunt, natāvērunt.
# Dedimus, habitāvimus, dēmonstrāvimus.

=== § 140, p. 62 ===

# She has warned, they have warned, she has taught.
# They have taught, she has had, they have had.
# You (sg.) have frightened, you (pl.) have frightened, have you (sg.) kept?
# I have seen, have they seen? We have stayed.
# She has kept, they have kept, they have frightened.

=== § 141, p. 62 ===

# Complēvī, vīdistī, tenuimus.
# Terruit, habuit, complēvērunt.
# Mānsit, docuī, monuistis.

=== § 145, p. 63 ===

# The boys have filled our cart with grain.
# They have carried a sick girl with care.
# I have seen the shields and swords of the captives in front of the gates.
# The place was not suitable for a battle.
# The lieutenant has hurried to Germany with many men.
# He will show the cause of the war.
# I have spent the winter in Greece with your friends.
# With great risk they have stayed.

=== § 146, p. 63 ===

# Gladiī et pīla captivōs terruērunt.
# Longō in bellō cum tribūnō pugnāvērunt.
# Fēminae in Italiā hiemābant.
# Quis causam bellī lēgātō narrābit?
# Locum armīs complēvērunt.
# Rōmānī cum sociīs prō Rōmā pugnāvērunt.

=== § 148/b, p. 64 ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
| id dōnum || is nūntius || ea patria
|-
| eius dōnī || eius nūntiī || eius patriae
|-
| eī dōnō || eī nūntiō || eī patriae
|-
| id dōnum || eum nūntium || eam patriam
|-
| eō dōnō || eō nūntiō || eā patriā
|-
| ea dōna || iī nūntiī || eae patriae
|-
| eōrum dōnōrum || eōrum nūntiōrum || eārum patriārum
|-
| iīs dōnīs || iīs nūntiīs || iīs patriīs
|-
| ea dōna || eōs nūntiōs || eās patriās
|-
| iīs dōnīs || iīs nūntiīs || iīs patriīs
|}

=== § 150, p. 65 ===

# I have seen that shield.
# That sword is mine.
# That battle was long.
# I will fight with this sword.
# She has given food for that prisoner.
# That was yours.
# He was showing the danger of those lieutenants.
# We have been in Germany and in the land of the Helvetii.
# Has your daughter been sick?
# That slave's master was tired.
# That victory has delighted the Romans.
# I was hurrying to Britain with that friend.
# Where were you (pl.)?

=== § 151, p. 65 ===

# Iīs armīs pīrātās in ōceanō superābimus.
# Id auxilium Rōmānōs dēlectat.
# In iīs silvīs saepe fuī.
# Fīliōs eōrum agricolārum docuī.
# Eōs sociōs vīdistī et laudāvistī quod cum studiō pugnāvērunt.
# Quō properābatis cum eō puerō?
# Causae eius bellī fuērunt multae.

=== § 155, p. 67 ===

# Who have built that temple?
# Which lieutenants have armed those men?
# What is in that field?
# To whom does Marcus give that reward?
# To which countries is Britain near?
# Whom are you praising?
# Which book Cornelia has praised?
# With which sword have they injured the prisoner?
# What risk are you reporting?

=== § 156, p. 67 ===

# Quis nūntius deōrum erat?
# Quod dōnum eī puerō dedit?
# Cuius scūtum is servus habuit?
# Cui causās eius bellī dēmonstrāvērunt?
# Quem superāvistī?
# Quibus armīs Helvetiōs superāvērunt?
# Quō in vicō habitāvērunt?

=== § 161, p. 68 ===

# She rules, she was ruling, she will rule.
# I am buying, I was buying, I will buy.
# They are leading, they will lead, she was leading.
# She has ruled, they have ruled, she has led.
# They have led, you (sg.) have bought, you (pl.) have bought.
# I have sent, we have sent, she has sent.
# We are sending, they are sending, they will send.
# This farmer has many fields.
# He will send grain into a big town with boats.
# He will send grain into a village with strong horses.
# Who will lead the horses on the way?
# Sons of the farmer, Marcus and Galba, have led the horses, and they will lead (them) today.
# Then they will buy new arms.
# Formerly the Romans have ruled Italy well.

=== § 162, p. 69 ===

# Regunt, rēxērunt, regent.
# Dūcit, dūcēbat, dūcet.
# Ēmī, ēmimus, ēmērunt.
# Mittō, mittam, mīsī.
# Mittis, mittes, mīsistī.
# Ōlim Rōmānī multās terrās habuērunt.
# Eās terrās saepe nōn bene rēxērunt.
# Tum sociī auxilium mīsērunt.
# Quae puellae in Italiā hiemāvērunt?
# Lēgātum cum iīs captīvīs in Italiam mittam.

=== § 171/d, p. 75 ===
=== § 173, p. 75 ===

# Today I have seen the king and the general.
# We have seen the heads of many foot soldiers.
# Both kings and generals have led our soldiers.
# Besides, the horsemen were fighting bravely for the king and the general.
# They have overcome the allies with courage and zeal.
# They have injured many farmers with stones and javelins.
# Certainly the bravery of the horsemen and also the zeal of the foot soldiers will delight the legate.
# Who will procure shields for these horsemen?
# We have sent our soldiers in the forest too.

=== § 174, p. 75 ===

# Imperia rēgis fuerunt multa.
# Imperia rēgum probābimus.
# Helvetiōs virtūte eōrum mīlitum superābimus.
# Cum duce hiemābō.
# In oppidō rēgem vīdī.
# Is rēx erat dux bonus et benē rēxit.
# Cibum peditibus miserīs ēmit.
# Et arma et frūmenta in id oppidum mīsit.

=== § 181, p. 77 ===

# She will take, she takes, they take.
# I am hurling, I will hurl, I was hurling.
# They have taken, she has thrown, we have thrown.
# We have fled, we are fleeing, we have sent away.
# They running out from the conference.
# They will flee from (the vicinity of) the village into fields.
# She has fled (down) from the town to the ocean.
# Who have sent letters to the king?
# They have hurled javelins down from the walls of this town.
# He has sent the tired soldiers away from the battle.
# Why are you fleeing from that place?
# They will take our wagons.

=== § 182, p. 77 ===

# Iaciet, iacient, iaciunt.
# Iacis, iaciēs, iēcistī.
# Pedēs equitim vulnerāvērunt.
# Ex Ītaliā in prōvinciam properābō.
# Et fēminae et puellae ex agrīs fugiēbant.
# Ā Germāniā in Ītaliam properāvērunt.
# Lēgātum ad conloquium dūxit.

=== § 187, p. 79 ===

# For many reasons the Romans did not send help.
# They have injured these men with stones and javelins.
# They have many wounds in (their) heads and bodies.
# Today the fathers of the sons will grieve because of the wounds.
# Our general will praise the centurions because of the great victory.
# The peril of the scouts has frightened the soldiers.
# At that time you were not fleeing onto the walls of the town on the account of injuries.
# For the lack of food we were in great danger.
# The legate has led the horsemen and the foot soldiers to a conference.

=== § 188, p. 79 ===

# Vulneribus saepe dēfessī fuimus.
# Mīlitēs nostrōs virtūte studiōque eōrum laudābo.
# Patrēs nostrī diū pugnābunt et multam praedam capient.
# Quis centuriō pīla dē mūrō iaciēbat?
# Ob inopiam cibī aquaeque Marcus et Galba, centuriōnēs, nōn cum virtūte pugnāvērunt.
# Soror mea dolet quod fēminae Britanniae miserae sunt.
# Interim explōrātōrēs imperia ducis narrābant.

=== § 191, p. 81 ===

# The victory of enemies has frightened the citizens of the city of Rome.
# I have not seen the hills and the mountains of Italy.
# The scouts and centurions have fled out from the Sabines' territory.
# The Romans have had many boats and ships on the sea.
# Because of a great danger the citizens carry food and grain into the city.
# We too will send cohorts, and we will overcome the enemies.
# The town was near a mountain.
# The citizens' bravery was pleasing to the general.

=== § 192, p. 81 ===

# Habēmusne multās navīs hodiē?
# Ōlim in collīs montibusque incolēbant.
# Fīnēs Rōmānōrum erant lātī.
# Iī cīvēs nōn idōneī bellō sunt.
# Quī pīla dē mūrīs urbium iaciunt?
# Puerī ignīs magnōs in urbe vident.

=== § 197, p. 83 ===

# Our men have seen a centurion among the prisoners.
# Neighbour(ing tribe)s lament account of that victory of the Romans.
# Why the cohorts were fleeing through the woods to the town?
# With care you (pl.) have taught your daughters with books.
# The horsemen and the foot soldiers are in front of the gate.
# We will stay in the city without danger.
# And they even have carried out from that city many things.
# She has led the scouts across a wide field.
# He was in the province with many soldiers.

=== § 198, p. 83 ===

# Post id proelium nostrōs in Germāniam mittet.
# Oppidum sine auxiliō cēpērunt.
# Fīnitimī contrā hostīs fortiter pugnābant.
# Ante oppidum erat collis.
# Apud lēgātum nūntius exspectābat.
# Per Ītaliam properābimus et apud eōs montīs hiemābimus.

=== § 210, p. 89 ===

# Caesar was a daring leader of the Romans.
# The authority of this leader has been great.
# All soldiers greatly liked Caesar because he has often overcome the enemy.
# In a war the hardships of soldiers were often severe.
# Enemies were many and brave, and they were throwing many javelins at the Romans.
# But our cohorts did not flee from the public danger.
# They have fought bravely for Rome.
# That war was short.

=== § 211, p. 89 ===

# Gladius Rōmānōrum et brevis et gravis erat.
# Pedes socium audācem habuit.
# Nostrī multās gravīs portābant.
# Dōna omnibus amīcīs meīs dabō.
# Dux equitum ācrium propter multōs labōrēs dolēbat.
# Omnīs trībūnōs ā colloquiō dīmīsit.

=== § 214, p. 90 ===

# I am hearing, I was hearing, I shall hear.
# Does she hear? She was hearing, she will hear.
# They are hearing, they were hearing, they will hear.
# We are hearing, we have heard, you (pl.) will hear.
# I have heard, you are hearing, they have heard.
# You are coming, she is coming, you (sg.) did come.
# She has come, we are coming, we have come.
# Do you (sg.) find? You (pl.) have found, you (pl.) are finding.
# I have found, she is finding, she has found.

=== § 215, p. 90 ===

# Repperit, repperērunt, vēnērunt.
# Audīs/audītis, vēnistī/vēnistis, audīvit.
# Audīvimus, reperiēbāmus, vēnimus.
# Venis/venitis, reperiēbant, veniemus.
# Audiam, audimus, audivērunt.
# Vēnit, vēnit, audiunt.
# Dēfendent, oppugnāvērunt, dēfendit.

=== § 220, p. 92 ===

# During the winter winds on the sea are violent.
# In summer the farmers were toiling on the fields.
# At daybreak they came to Caesar.
# Caesar has waged war with strong enemies.
# In a few years he has conquered all provinces.
# At what time in the night did you (pl.) come into the city?
# They capture ten scouts during the second hour of the battle.
# At that time a messenger showed the document to a legate.

=== § 221, p. 92 ===

# Brevī tempore aestās grāta veniet.
# Secundā hōrā noctis ea imperia audīvimus.
# Decem vulnera in corpore peditis repperit.
# Prīmā lūce Caesar eam cohortem inter collem montemque mīsit.
# Prīmō annō bellī ā prōvinciā fūgērunt.
# Cūr hieme bellum cum Rōmānōs nōn gessērunt?

=== § 225, p. 95 ===

# They will have bought, I had waged, you (pl.) had spent the winter.
# They had shown, you (pl.) will have heard, we had subdued.
# I shallhave kept, I had filled, you (sg.) had armed.
# You (sg.) will have dwelt, she had called, I shall have stayed.
# You (pl.) will have told, you (sg.) had sent, we shall have fled.
# I had expected, I shall have suffered, she will have strenghthened.
# She had kept in check, I had ruled, you (sg.) will have hastened.
# Labienus had praised the chief for courage.
# A strong man will have had friends many and brave.
# Caesar had waged war not only in Gaul but also in Britain.
# At what time of the night you (sg.) will have taken the arms?
# The Gauls had defended the town with great bravery.
# The Roman People had liberated the citizens of that state.

=== § 226, p. 95 ===

# Terruerimus, vēnerās, dīmīseritis.
# Pugnāverit, cēperat, dēfenderant.
# Dūxerāmus, vulnerāverint, iēcerit.
# Aedificāveris, reppererāmus, portāverint.
# Pōpulus Rōmānus longō temporē Gallōs sustinuerat.
# Prīncipēs omnīs cīvitātēs convocāverant.
# In eō locō Labiēnus multa tēpa reppererit.
# Gallī auxilium exspectāverant.
# Tandem eum collem oppugnāverāmus.

=== § 232, p. 97 ===

# The general has sent those horsemen and foot soldiers to Capua.
# Finally, because of public danger, he has hurried out of Italy to Carthago.
# These soldiers had come from Athens, and they were fighting in Gaul.
# He sent a messenger to Corinth at the second hour of that night.
# Those legates had carried the plunder to Rome.
# In that island a bold people had dwelt.
# I had been a friend of this centurio.
# From this territory all chiefs had fled to Delphi, because at that time enemies were preparing for a war.

=== § 233, p. 97 ===

# Delphīs Athēnās vēnerant.
# Domō frāter meus Corinthum properāvit.
# Caesar nūntiōs per illās cīvitātēs mīserat.
# Hīs annīs Gallī amīcī fuerant populī Rōmānī.
# Hī hostēs magnā virtūte cum Caesar pugnāverint.
# Hoc pīlum, ille gladius est.

=== § 240, p. 100 ===

# She loves, he is loved.
# He was loving, she was loved.
# She will love, he will be loved.
# They love, they are loved.
# They were loving, they were loved.
# Will they love? Will they be loved?
# We are loving, we are loved.
# I advice, I am adviced.
# I was advicing, I was being adviced.
# I will warn, I will be warned.
# You (pl.) will warn, you (pl.) will be warned.
# You (sg.) warn, you (sg.) are warned.

=== § 241, p. 101 ===

# Laudās/laudātis, laudāris/laudāminī.
# Laudābant, laudābantur.
# Laudābis/laudābitis, laudāberis/laudābiminī.
# Doceō, doceor.
# Docēmus, docēmur.
# Docēbimus, docēbimur.
# Docent, docentur.

=== § 244, p. 101 ===

# This boy was praised by my brother.
# This booty will be brought to Rome by Caesar.
# By whom is power not loved?
# Many stories about Britain will be told by these messengers.
# The town is stormed by the soldiers.
# In this fight ten men are wounded by the Gauls.
# The grain will be brought with ships.

=== § 245, p. 101 ===

# Omnēs hī Gallī āb illīs equitibus sustinebuntur.
# Frātrēs meī ab illō puerō laudābantur.
# Auxilium ā hostibus expectātur.
# Paucae cohortēs ā prīncipe vidēbantur.
# Rōma āb omnīs Rōmānīs amābātur.

=== § 250, p. 103 ===

# That woman you see is Cornelia's mother.
# The merchants are bringing many (things) into Germany.
# The brave enemies by whom our native land is laid waste are Romans.
# These men with whose bravery and determination the city was guarded will come home from war.
# The towers which were built with care will be destroyed by the enemy.
# The hostages, who are liberated by the Romans, will hurry to Athens.
# The commander of legions whom Caesar sent across the river was Labienus.

=== § 251, p. 103 ===

# Arma, quae portāvimus, nōn bona sunt.
# Eā aestāte cum Caesare, quī prōvinciam dēfendit, pugnābi(ti)s.
# Cōnsilium, quō illud oppidum vastātur, laudābō.
# Caesar decem legiōnēs in bellīs, quae cum Gallīs gessit, habuit.
# Fēmina, cui viam dēmonstrāvī, māter huius obsidis miserī est.

=== § 258, p. 106 ===

# She rules, he's ruled.
# She was ruling, he was ruled.
# She will rule, he will be ruled.
# They rule, they are ruled.
# They will rule, they will be ruled.
# You (sg.) rule, you (sg.) are ruled.
# You (sg.) were ruling, you (sg.) were ruled.
# You (sg.) will rule, you (sg.) will be ruled.
# We are ruling, we are ruled.
# You (pl.) rule, you (pl.) are ruled.
# I shall rule, I shall be ruled.
# They are seizing, they are captured.
# She was seizing, he was being captured.
# She will seize, he will be captured.
# They will seize, they will be captured.
# You (sg.) will seize, you (sg.) will be captured.
# You (sg.) seize, you (sg.) are captured.
# You (sg.) were seizing, you (sg.) were being captured.

=== § 259, p. 106 ===

# Dūcit, dūcitur.
# Dūcent, dūcentur.
# Dūcunt, dūcuntur.
# Dūcis/dūcitis, dūceris/dūciminī.
# Dūcēmus, dūcēmur.
# Mittimus, mittimur.
# Mittiturne? Mittunturne?
# Mittet, mittētur.
# Mitteris/mittiminī, mittēris/mittēminī.
# Gerēbant, gerēbam.
# Gerimus, gerēmus.
# Iacimus, iacimur.
# Iaciēbāmus, iaciēbāmur.
# Quis recipit? Quis recipiēbatur?

=== § 261, p. 107 ===

# Ambassadors have come into consul's camp for peace.
# At last these legates are led to the consul.
# They will be received well by the consul.
# No longer is the enemy's city defended.
# The weapons which were thrown down from the walls wounded many.
# The soldiers of the consul are not defeated often by the Gauls.
# The peace will be welcome to the Roman people.

=== § 262, p. 107 ===

# Labiēnus paucīs cum cohortibus Rōmā in Galliam mittētur.
# Illa oppida Galliae fortiter dēfendentur.
# Legiō ex castrīs dūcuntur.
# Hodiē multae cīvitātēs Galliae vincuntur.
# Nova cōnsilia sociōrum nostrōrum fīnitimīs nūntiābantur.
# Illī recipientur ā Caesare, quī Helvetiōs vīcit.

=== § 269, p. 109 ===

# His shield was heavy.
# Their friends have been soldiers.
# Their zeal is praised.
# I will stay with you (pl.) because of the storm.
# The war is waged against them.
# Is Marcus with you (sg.)?
# He was walking with her.
# They will hurry to Athens without you (pl.).
# We are miserable, you (pl.) are sick and exhausted.
# All your (pl.) plans are acceptable to us.
# His father and mother were received well by you (pl.)
# The remaining chiefs, who were arming themselves, did not come to the meeting.
# And thus he calls a centurion to himself and explains the plan to him.
# Caesar led the foot soldiers out the camp daily.

=== § 270, p. 109 ===

# Māter eius et pater meus tē vīdērunt.
# Nunc sunt cum mē.
# Eī, eī, eīs praemia dabō.
# Castra eōrum oppugnātur.
# Egō in oppidum tēcum properābō.
# Magnō cum labōre nōs līberāmus.
# Ea sē gladiō eius patris vulnerāvit.
# Reliquī sē interficient.
# Ea aestāte oppida eōrum ā Gallīs vāstābuntur.

=== § 272, p. 110 ===

# She hears, she's being heard.
# She was hearing, she was being heard.
# She will hear, she will be heard.
# We hear, we are being heard.
# We will hear, we will be heard.
# I shall hear, I shall be heard.
# You (pl.) hear, you (pl.) are being heard.
# You (pl.) will hear, you (pl.) will be heard.
# You (sg.) hear, you (sg.) are being heard.
# I was hearing, I was being heard.
# They hear, they are being heard.
# They were hearing, they were being heard.

=== § 273, p. 110 ===

# Impediō, impedior.
# Impediēbam, impediēbar.
# Impediam, impediar.
# Impediunt, impediuntur.
# Impedient, impedientur.
# Reperit, reperītur.
# Reperiēbat, reperiēbatur.
# Reperiet, reperiētur.

=== § 284, p. 113 ===

# Caesar, however, sent his own soldiers across the river.
# Caesar will find his (not his own) brother in the camp.
# That sick man was deprived of water.
# Afterwards that state was lacking food and grain.
# He kept soldiers away from this people by buildings and money for a long time.
# Because of want of arms the Germans left off from the battle.
# Our (troops), who had hurried to the camp of the Germans, kept them away from weapons.
# A river was cutting off our troops from the road.
# At that time boats were being built near the river by the enemy.

=== § 285, p. 113 ===

# Amīcī nostrī pecūniam carēbat.
# Hostēs sua aedificia dēfendent.
# Nōs ā cūrā līberābis/līberābitis.
# Caesar sua cōnsilia dē pāce suīs nūntiāvit.
# Posteā ex omniā potestāte Germānōs prīvābunt.
# Reliquī prīncipum ab suīs oppidīs interclūdēbantur.

=== § 287, p. 114 ===

# A man has been loved, a woman has been loved, a war has been loved.
# The men have been loved, the women have been loved, the wars have been loved.
# The soldiers had been warned, the boy will have been warned, the town had been warned.
# A farmer has been captured, a city has been ruled, a province had been ruled.
# I have been captured, I had been captured, I shall have been captured.
# You (sg.) have been heard, you (sg.) had been heard, you (sg.) will have been heard.
# We have been heard, we had been heard, we shall have been heard.

=== § 288, p. 115 ===

# Gallia monita est, Gallia monita erat, Gallia monita erit.
# Aedificia capita sunt, aedificia capita erant, aedificia capita erunt.
# Fīnēs ā Germānīs rectī erant.
# Urbēs dēfensae erunt.
# Itaque audītae erimus.

=== § 290, p. 115 ===

# Many towns in Italy have been built by the Romans.
# Few Germans there have been killed with our javelins.
# Your words will have been heard by me.
# At that time the commander was cut off from the baggage and carts.
# The war, which has been waged by Caesar, was long.
# The soldiers, who were sent to Gaul by him, lacked grain.
# The booty that had been captured by our commander has been carried to Rome without delay.
# In a meeting Caesar said to his own (troops): &quot;My plans have not been hampered by the enemy.&quot;

=== § 294, p. 117 ===

# The arrival of the legions delights us.
# Our army, however, has cut off the Germans from supplies.
# Between our (troops) and the enemy was a lake.
# Consuls were commanders of Roman armies.
# They had fought violently for a long time on the flanks.
# Labienus' camp was protected with a swamp and a lake.
# In the ports of Greece we have seen many ships during the winter.
# We observed the armed force of the enemy.

=== § 295, p. 117 ===

# Et pedibus et cornibus pugnant.
# Inter montīs multī lacūs āb eīs videntur.
# Ab adventū mercātōrum dēlectātī erāmus.
# Haec domus est mea, illa est tua.
# Prīmā luce autem commeātūs ē castrīs ad portūs portāvērunt.
# Statim Rōma ā manibus cīvium mūnita est.
# Cūr domū properās/properātis?

=== § 299, p. 119 ===

# Which way is shorter?
# Which way is the shortest?
# Nevertheless, the cavalry had travelled through the neighbouring villages.
# The Germans asked for peace from the Roman senate.
# The friendship of the allies will be very pleasing to the Roman people.
# Our army will make an attack upon the enemy.
# This river is wide, but the sea is wider.
# The Gauls certainly were very brave in the war.
# Where have you seen more brave citizens?

=== § 300, p. 119 ===

# Domus tua novissima est.
# Imperātōr equitātūs per iter longius mīsit.
# Aestās in Brītanniā nōn brevissima est.
# Hōc pīlum gravius est.
# Pāx autem ab omnibus cīvitātibus Galliae petetur.
# Impetum in turrem parvō cum studiō faciunt.
# Excercitus per silvās palūdēsque iter faciēbat.

=== § 311, p. 123 ===

# A large part of the route is narrow but very easy.
# At daybreak we saw a part of the enemy on the mountain.
# That of all the roads of the city was shortest.
# The men of Britain are different from the men of Italy.
# Straightaway ten of the soldiers leave off from the battle.
# On a beach the women were grieving because the road was difficult.
# The enemy was fiercest and swiftest ff all the Gauls.
# The most difficult is often very easy.
# They will strengthen (their) friendship with the nearest tribes.

=== § 312, p. 123 ===

# Habemusne cōpiam armōrum?
# Iter per montīs facile nōn erit.
# Quinque ex amīcīs meīs in lītore mittentur ā mē per iter facilius.
# Pars mīlitum ā reliquō excercitū interclūdēbātur.
# Manus tua similis est meae (manuī).
# Hōc est facillimum omnium itinerum per fīnīs Gallōrum.

=== § 323, p. 127 ===

# Six legions are led into the lower part of the province by Caesar.
# The roads of ''our'' city are narrower by many feet.
# A very large armed force of the enemy had been assembled, and they were preventing the Romans from march(ing).
# They have thrown very many javelins down from the higher ground.
# That tower is ten feet taller than the wall.
# A smaller fort was defended by a hundred soldiers.
# Your part of the work is larger than mine.
# Occasionally our friends give us bad advice.
# I see the top of the mountain.
# The lower (southern) part of Italy was called &quot;Great Greece&quot; on account of many Greek cities (there); the upper (northern) part of Italy, because the Gauls dwelt there, was called &quot;Cisalpine Gaul&quot; or &quot;the Nearer Gaul&quot;.

=== § 324, p. 127 ===

# Virī optimī interdum plūrimōs amīcōs nōn habent.
# In itinere plūrimī (virī) interficiēbantur; reliquī in silvām magnam fūgērunt.
# Cornēlia pede altior quam Iūlia erat.
# Gallī plūrēs equitēs quam Rōmānī habēbant.*
# Pars hostium in locīs superiōribus exspectābat.
# Cōnsilium melius senātuī praebitum est.*
# Urbēs maximae centum obsidēs Caesarī mīsērunt.

* While the imperfect tense describes, the perfect tense advances a narrative.

=== § 329, p. 129 ===

# Fathers and mothers love very greatly their own children.
# They give to them very good advice and work for them very diligently.
# At that time we will send ahead a great number of foot soldiers in that large forest, which we see from here.
# From this mountaintop I easily see six cities and a hundred roads.
# In the lowest (southern) parts of the country rivers are very small.
# Our troops have been hindered longer by the lake than the mountains.
# Most of the soldiers have been left behind near the port; the remaining (soldiers) have suddenly attacked the enemy.
# They will build walls with trees and stones.
# This river is wider than that by a hundred feet.

=== § 330, p. 129 ===

# Interdum hostēs Caesaris multō fortius quam mīlitēs Rōmānī pugnāvērunt.
# Sed mīlitēs eius ācerrimē audacissimēque pugnābant.
# Diūtissimē cum Gallīs bella gerēbat.
# Ampla praemia saepe centuriōnibus suīs deit quod multa praeda cēperant.
# In urbe Rōmae ā suīs inimīcīs interfectus est.

=== § 335, p. 131 ===

# At first Caesar pitched the camp on the top of the mountain.
# The camp has been pitched on the top of the mountain by Caesar.
# From this place the enemy have been seen on the large plain.
# Between this mountain and that plain was a river, which was hundred feet wide and five feet deep.
# However, Caesar drew up the battle line and was waiting the enemy's attack.
# For the larger part of the day his horsemen remained in the flanks.
# But the enemy did not attack, because they had a small hope of victory.
# At that time the young lacked corn for many days.
# The hills behind our camp is higher by many feet.

=== § 336, p. 131 ===

# Caesar hanc rem ē plūrimīs nūntiīs audivit.
# Eō diē fidēs Gallōrum parvissima erat.
# Flūmen in eō locō decem pedem altum erat; itaque in lītore tota impedīmenta relīquērunt.
# Hae rēs (mīlitēs) nostrī omnī spē prīvāvit.
# In Italiā sex diēs manēbimus.

=== § 345, p. 135 ===

# He sends a messenger in order that she may warn the citizens.
# A youth is being sent that the citizens may be warned.
# The legion is sent lest the town will be captured by the enemy.
# The legions are fighting bravely to capture the town.
# The boy has come so that he will hear the story.
# The boys have come so they may hear your words.
# We are sending them to govern the province.
# We send them in order that the province is ruled by them.
# You hasten to Gaul in order to wage war.
# We send ahead a hundred soldiers to fortify the camp.

=== § 346, p. 135 ===

# Mittitur ut pugnet.
# Eōs mittīmus ut viam reperiant.
# Mitteris nē in urbem hostēs impetum faciant.
# Mīlitēs ē castrīs dūcentur ut aciēs īnstruātur.
# Veniam tē mātremque (tuam) videam.
# Pugnat ut sē dēfendat.

=== § 353, p. 137 ===

# They come that they may seek peace.
# They came that they might seek peace.
# They will come that they may seek peace.
# They had come that they might have sought peace.
# They were fighting bravely lest they might be overcome by the Gauls.
# They had hurried across the river so they might storm the town.
# The legions will be sent to cut off the enemy from supplies.
# In order that they might defend the port our (troops) have been sent ahead.
# The consul will speak very boldly to rouse the &lt;s&gt;rabble&lt;/s&gt; Roman people.

=== § 354, p. 137 ===

# Labōrant ut laudent.
# Labōrābant ut laudārent.
# Labōrābunt ut laudent.
# Labōrāvērant ut laudārent.
# Dē locīs superiōribus pīla iaciēbant ut Rōmānōs impedīrent.
# Prīncipēs convocāverat ut novum cōnsilium audīrent.
# Dē proeliō dēsistent nē interficiantur.

=== § 360, p. 139 ===

# The boy acted in such a way that he was liked by everyone.
# The city has been laid waste lest it would have been captured by the enemy.
# We advice him lest he become a soldier.
# He commanded them not to travel through our province.
# So great is the lack of food that very many are sick.
# The city has been defended so bravely that for ten days it was not captured.
# The enemy have fled to the forests lest they be surrounded by our (troops).
# First Caesar ordered them to give aid to our (troops).

=== § 361, p. 139 ===

# Paucī tam erant ut fugerent.
# Erant tam fortitēs ut nōn fugerent.
# Eum moneō ut fortior sit.
# Lēgātus mīlitēs ē castrīs dūxit ut āciem īnstrueret.
# Postulat ut castra in eō locō pōnant.
# Pālus tantus est ut nostrī impediantur.

=== § 375, p. 145 ===

# She asks what they are doing, they have done.
# She knew what the were doing, they had done.
# I shall tell you why they were toiling, they have toiled.
# They had heard whence the soldiers were coming, had come.
# They asked why they were being praised, they had been praised.
# She knows why they are staying, they had stayed.
# She has told us what those boys had done.
# I asked whether she had been often in Italy.
# Do you know how many years the Romans held Britain?

=== § 376, p. 145 ===

# Tibi dīcam ubi fuissent et quid fēcerint.
# Hī veniunt ut videant, illī ut videantur.
# Dēfessī tam sunt ut hōdiē nōn labent.
# Mē rogāvit ut cūr venissem.
# Audīveram ut ubi fuisset.
# Dūx rogāvit num (illī) omnēs venīrent.
# Scīsne quot mīlitēs veniant?

=== § 383, p. 147 ===

# On the way two rivers, ten feed deep, will be found.
# The memory of these events had roused the army.
# They had marched three miles and (then) the first line of battle was drawn up.
# Caesar ordered that on the right wing were arranged the third legion and the fourth legion on the left.
# Of the three brothers Marcus was the bravest.
# For desire of victory this one legion kept back the Gauls.
# The heavy javelin of the Romans was six feet long.
# The next day they marched eight miles (away) from that place.
# The four scouts, whom had been sent ahead, fled because of fear of the enemy.

=== § 384, p. 147 ===

# Spēs praemī līberōs Marcī incitābat.
# In eō colle decem mīlia peditēs et duo mīlia equitēs īnstructī sunt.
# Impedīmentum excertitūs mīlia passuum ā lītore relictum est.
# Imperātōr secundam legiōnem prō castra īnstruet.
# Adventū duarum legiōnum hostēs ē sinistrō cornū dēcessērunt.
# Timor Caesaris Rōmānōrumque ūnam cīvitātem impedeet.
# Ūnus hominum erat mihi inimīcus.

=== § 388, p. 149* ===

# On one shore of the river there was a city, and on the other was a mountain.
# Of the two men, one was a general, the other was a tribune.
# By the courage of three legions alone the army was defended.
# One legion was placed on the right wing, and the other was placed on the left wing by Caesar.
# I will give neither of the captives food.
# Which boy is your son?
# During the summer there was not a ship in the sea.
# Why are you encouraging both of them?

=== § 389, p. 149 ===

# Caesar virtūtem tōtīus legiōnis laudāverat.
# Uter adulēscēns maiorem virtūtem dēmonstrāvit?
# Caesar sine morā cum sōlā secundā legiōne iter faciet.
# Aliī castra ponēbant, aliī aciēs īnstruēbant.
# Nūllō in locō plūrimās arborēs repperimus.

=== § 396, p. 151* ===

# To come, to give, he is able to leave.
# To be hindered, to be placed, they are able to be placed.
# Receiving rewards is often pleasing.
# Caesar has begun to lay waste to the remaining fields and towns of that state.
# To hear your words is exceedingly difficult.
# The Germans are not able to cut off supplies from the Romans.
# At once the multitude began to beg for peace.
# They ought to defend themselves.
# Who of the entire army was so strong that he endured an enemy attack?
# In the winter, days are five hours shorter than in the summer. 

=== § 397, p. 151 ===

# Castra mūrō altō munīre erit facile.
# Auxilium praebēre dēbēs/dēbētis.
# Mīlitēs decimae legiōnis incitāre nōn potest.
# Bellum gerere nōn saepe est optimum.
# Fortēs bonīque esse dēbēmus.
# Aliī pugnāre, aliī fugere coepērunt.

=== § 404, p. 154* ===

# By means of two scouts, Caesar knew that the enemies had marched six miles.
# The allies respond that they will send aid to Caesar immediately.
# The general said that he will give ample rewards to his own (men).
# They all long to be children.
# They all long for Italy to be free.
# They all see the town being bravely defended.
# Caesar ordered that the third line of battle be drawn up at once.
# He knew the Gauls were coming to make an attack. 

=== § 405, p. 154 ===

# Legātus suōs turrīs aedificāre iubēbit.
# Sciō duās legiōnēs praemissās esse.
# Per captīvōs cognōvit hostēs cibō carēre.
# Eōs in illā cīvitāte hiemāre iussit.
# Mercātōrēs respondērunt nūllum frūmentum in fīnibus Germānōrum esse.

=== § 413, p. 159* ===

# He can, he was able to, he shall be able to.
# We have been able to, they had been able to, they were able to.
# Do you know why these words of yours cannot be heard?
# Identical were the difficulties of war that he could report to you all. 
# Labienus himself knew the causes of war were very many.
# I reckon that I will purchase nothing today.
# They no longer demand that the Roman people proffer ships.
# The centurion who with eight scouts had been send to learn the way has reported that he had not been able to learn the way.
# They all were hoping that Caesar would defeat the Gauls this summer.
# The men themselves say that the weapons cannot be thrown.

=== § 414, p. 159* ===

# Potuimus, poterit, poteram.
# Potuerat, potuerint, poterāmus
# Līberī ipsī nōn iam pācem cupīvērunt.
# Dīcunt sociōs nostrōs hodiē eōdem in periculō esse. 
# Putō mē duō diē cum istō amīcō manēre. 
# Mercātōrēs nūntiāvērunt multās manūs equitum in mōntēs missās esse. 
# Putō tē pugnāre posse.
# Putāvistī mē venīre nōn posse. 

=== § 421, p. 162* ===

# Two new rivers have been found by certain bold men.
# I can no longer see any one in front of the house.
# He demanded that the weapons be surrendered at once so that the citizens would be free from fear. 
# A certain captive has declared the same thing once again.
# Each one shall be able to reply to some one.
# Some women had not only been disturbed, but also had fled. 
# The legate demanded that everyone carry grain out of the region. 
# A certain legion was hastening to Delphi on account of a hope for victory. 
# This land of yours is like the island. 

=== § 422, p. 163* ===

# Quisque dīcit Gallōs appropinquāre.
# Quiddam nōn postulat. 
# Illa puella dextrā in manū aliquid habet. 
# Parte cuiusque aestātis apud montēs collīsque habitāmus.
# Hodiē fābula nobīs ā aliquō narrābātur.
# Simul quīdam in Caesarem vēniēbant ut auxilium postulārent.
# Sciō quid quemque agere posse. 

=== § 430, p. 165* ===

# One town of the allies had been attacked by the enemy for a long time, and fortifications were ravaged daily.
# Because food and weapons have began to be lacking to the citizens, the allies have asked that Caesar send troops to help.
# Therefore Caesar has placed Labienus in charge of one legion and has sent him as an aid to the citizens.
# On the way Labienus ran into the enemy, who came from everywhere to capture the town. 
# The javelins were a hindrance to them, but the swords were a great advantage. 
# Our men have been superior to the enemy and have overcome them. 
# Labienus said that he would be a defense to the citizens.
# Do you know who was at the head of the town?

=== § 431, p. 165* ===

# Virtūs Caesarī saepe nōn dēerat. 
# Virīs fortibus praefuit. 
# Praesidiō patriae suae erat. 
# Annōs multōs bellīs proximīs nōn superfuit. 
# Principibus Gallōrum Germānōrumque praestitit. 
# Lēgātōs cīvitātibus, quae victae erant, praefēcit. 
# Mare multīs pedibus altius est quam ille lacus. 

=== § 436, p. 167* ===

# You all are willing, we are not willing, you are more willing
# He did not trust the merchants. 
# To be unwilling, to have been more willing
# They wish to persuade you all.
# He is willing to favor me.
# And they do not want to cause injury to you.
# We prefer to be of help to you. 
# Why do you not want to help your mother? Lit. Why do you not want to be a help to your mother?
# We reckon he want to rule over the cavalry. 
# At sunset the soldiers will capture the enemies' camp.
# For few desire war from these people.
# He commanded the soldiers that they bravely oppose the Gauls. 
# Neither the women nor the children were afraid. 

=== § 437, p. 167* ===

# Volēbant, nōlam, mālet.
# Auxiliō nostrīs nōlēbant.
# Amīcīs tuīs placēre nōn poterant
# Atque imperātōrī nōn persuāsērunt. 
# Eīs imperābit ut mulieribus nōn noceant. 
# Illō tempore neque Gallī neque Germānī bellō volēbant. 

=== § 447, p. 171* ===

# Some of the soldiers were fleeing and have been captured.
# Hindered by these things on this day, they did not make an attack.
# The other centurion was wounded while fighting in the first line of battle. 
# Aid had been sent to our soldiers attacking the camp.
# Certain women left in the town have determined to defend themselves. 
# Part of the enemy has been disturbed by the arrival of Caesar and has left at sunset. 
# He left the soldiers that were brought back in the winter quarters.
# The multitude of slaves, having been frightened, were fleeing from the city.
# The following day, the camp have moved.

=== § 448, p. 172* ===

# Quīdam vir resistēns ā hoste vulnerātus est. 
# Vulnerātī tam fortiter pugnavērunt ut captī esse nōn possent. 
# Commōtus difficultātibus itineris legiōnēs suōs rēdūcere cōnstituit. 
# Hī equitēs praemissī longē fortiterque Gallōs restitērunt. 
# Dē cōnsiliīs tuīs rogātus, nihil dīcam. 
# Ducēs captī in Italiam mittentur.  

=== § 457, p. 176* ===

# When the enemies had been defeated, he determined to march through the middle of the province.
# With Caesar as consul, the war with the Gauls was long.
# When a certain town had been taken by storm, a camp was placed on the very banks of this river.
# The Helvetians, having been influenced by a lack of everything, sent ambassadors to Caesar concerning surrender.
# With these things having been discovered, all were eager for war. 
# Although few were defending it, the Romans were not able to capture this town. 
# With the captives having been received into surrender, the general left behind three cohorts as relief for the camp. 
# These prisoners had been captured for the same reason while fighting quite bravely.  
# Who put the horsemen who had been sent to aid the generals in command? 
# When the city had been fortified, the citizens were no longer frightened. 

=== § 458, p. 177* ===

# Hīs verba audītibus, magnopere permōvit.
# Urbe captī, mīlitēs captīvēs līberāvērunt. 
# Tōtum diem hostēs nostrōs resistēbant. 
# Labienō duce, exercitus noster hostibus nocēre potuerint.
# Monte captī, Labienus nostrōs expectābat. 
# Ēruptiōne factī, prīmam aciem nostram appropinquāre nōn potuērunt. 

=== § 464, p. 179* ===

# He goes, we go, they were going.
# To go, having loved, they shall go.
# They go, they had gone, he has gone.
# He reported the difficulty of navigating.
# This is the reason for sending.
# He came for the purpose of sending letters.
# Diligence in action [acting/doing] pleases the leader.
# The opportunity was not given for fighting.
# Caesar has stopped speaking. 
# The time for throwing javelins at the enemy was short.
# They have come near to talk.
# He shall go with you all to enquire about their names. 
# He wanted to know where they had been going. 
# Labienus ordered that the camp be fortified with a rampart. 

=== § 465, p. 179* ===

# Īs, ībant, ierat.
# Ībimus, ieris.
# Quō iērunt?
# Eīs īre persuādet.
# Imperāvit ut eant.
# Causā quaerendī pācem vēnērunt. 
# Spatium ōrandī nōn datum est. 
# Ad nāvigandum mare appropinquābant.
# Eō diē tria mīllia passuum iērunt et occassū solis casta posuērunt.  

=== § 476, p. 183* ===

# He bears, we bear, they shall bear.
# To bear, he shall bear, to have borne.
# They are coming back to bring help.
# They had borne, he had been carried. 
# In peace-seeking.
# On account of desiring freedom.  
# By increasing men.
# Of bridge-making.
# The legion prepares itself for waging war.
# Many have come together to see the new city.
# The sign had to be given.
# With the signal given, the soldiers marched with the greatest swiftness.
# Everything had been done at once. 
# We reckon that the war ought to be arranged.
# He lacked time because of the javelin throwing. 
# Weapons are to be brought to the winter-quarters. 

=== § 477, p. 183* ===

# Fers, ferunt, tulerat. 
# Tulistī, ferēbant, ferendō.
# Auxilium ferēbatur.
# Dīxērunt scūta ferenda esse.
# Oppidī videndī.
# Causā aciēī īnstruendī. 
# Bellō gerendō.
# In acrīs vāstandīs.
# Vīs sociōrum cotīdiē auget. 
# Vīs hostium ferenda est. 
# Cohors celeritāte redūcenda est. 
# Lēgātus hīs cōpiīs praesentus erat. 

=== § 485, p. 187 ===
=== § 486, p. 187 ===
=== § 491, p. 189 ===
=== § 492, p. 189 ===
=== § 499, p. 193 ===
=== § 500, p. 193 ===
=== § 504, p. 195 ===
=== § 505, p. 195 ===

== Reading Lessons ==

Translations for the reading lessons are kept as literal as possible. These should not be taken as an example neither for translation nor reading.

=== § 96, p. 46-7 ===

Cornelia and Julia are small girls. Where do they dwell? They dwell not in Greece but in a renowned town of Italy. They are inhabitants of Rome. Italy is the native country of the Romans. Rome has wide roads and large temples. The Romans like and approve of war.
&lt;br&gt;
Cornelia is a poet's daughter. The poet often walks in wide gardens. He also sings about the long war and the flight of the Germans because he approves the victory of the Romans.
&lt;br&gt;
Julia is a farmer's daughter. The farmer has horses and new carts. The farmer's horses carry food and grain. The farmer's slaves give water to the horses. Julia likes the horses and praises the slaves. The farmer is a good master.
&lt;br&gt;
Marcus and Galba, tribunes, are friends of the girls. Marcus is a friend of the poet's and tells pleasing stories to Cornelia. Galba shows forests and islands of the sea to Julia. (During the modern times this could, and probably would, end up being understood horribly wrong, and the whole affair would end badly for both Marcus and Galba.)
&lt;br&gt;
A good woman teaches the girls. Cornelia's diligence delights the woman. She calls together the girls in the poet's garden, and she tells stories. The stories of war frighten the small girls.
&lt;br&gt;
They (= presumably the girls and the woman) often prepare gifts for Vesta. Who is Vesta? Vesta is a Roman goddess, and she has a temple. The girls often walk on Roman roads and behold the booty of Germany and Britain.

=== § 138, p. 61 ===

Romulus has built Rome, the renowned city of Italy. The Romans were strong men, and they loved their fatherland. They were fighting often for their fatherland, and with arms they subdued often the Sabines in battle. The Sabines had fine arms, and they fought with great zeal for a long time with long javelins. But the Romans put the Sabines in flight, and they wounded many men with (their) swords.

=== § 158, p. 67 ===

Mars, ancestor of the Romans, was fond of arms, battles and wars. Romulus and Remus, sons of the god of arms, have built Rome. And so, battles and wars delighted the minds of the Romans. The Romans worshipped Mercury, Neptune, and Vesta. Mercury, a messenger of the gods, related commands of the gods to inhabitants of the Earth. Sailors worshipped Neptune, the god of water and sea. Women worshipped Vesta, the goddess of hearth, and they prepared many offerings for the goddess.

=== § 169, p. 72 ===

''Marcus'': My friend told me a good story today.

''Julia'': About what did your friend tell?

''Marcus'': (He told) about Icarus, son of Daedalus, an unfortunate boy.

''Julia'': Where did Icarus live? In Britain?

''Marcus'': He did not live in Britain, but in Crete, a large and famous island. Daedalus conceived and prepared wings for (his) son. These wings he put on Icarus using wax with great care. The wings were pleasing to Daedalus. The he taught Daedalus, the boy, to fly, but Icarus flew too high. An so the sun melted the wax, and the wings fell off.

''Julia'': And what about Icarus?

''Marcus'': Icarus too fell down into the sea.

''Julia'': [https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/alack Alack], poor Icarus!

=== § 170, p. 73 ===

'''The Romans fight for (their) allies'''

Because injuries have been many, our allies ask for succour. And accordingly, the Romans have sent a legate with men into the land of Helvetians. Presently this legate has called men together in a town. He has bought food and carts, and he has armed the men with swords and shields. Meanwhile the allies have prepared grain. Today the legate will strengthen the spirits of the men. Then he will lead the men in neighbouring lands and will wait for a battle. The spot of that battle is near to the Helvetians('s troops). Our men will fight with great zeal for the allies, and they will subdue the Helvetians. They will lead many prisoners into the town. Those prisoners will pass the winter in our villages.

=== § 200, p. 84 ===

Porsena, an enemy of the Romans, was a famous king. Once he was besieging the city, Rome. Terror of the Romans was great, because Porsena had many soldiers. Frightened women were supplicating the gods in temples. But the bravery of a strong man protected Rome. For with a few comrades Horatius kept back the enemy in front of the Sublician bridge. Meanwhile the citizens dismantled and broke down the bridge in the rear. Then Horatius sent away (his) comrades, and he (alone) defended the bridge against the enemy. Finally the bridge fell down, and among the javelins of the enemy Horatius leapt down into the Tiber and swam to his comrades. This example of bravery saved Rome. Today we praise the deeds of Horatius.

=== § 202, p. 85 ===

Spain, Gaul, and Germany were countries of Europe. Nearest to the Strait of Gibraltar (= [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pillars_of_Hercules the Pillars of Hercules]) was Spain. The Gauls lived between Spain and Germany, and Germans dwelled on the other side of Rhine. The Germans had a few villages in Gaul too. Because these nations were enemies (of the Romans), the Romans have fought with the Spaniards, the Gauls, and the Germans often.

Between Gaul and the (mediterranean) sea was a new province of Rome. For a long time the inhabitants of that province warded off violence of the Gauls. Finally they requested help from the Romans; for they were greatly afraid of the neighbouring Helvetians. The Helvetians were hostile not only to the province but also to the Germans, and they were fighting the Germans with almost daily battles.

=== § 216, p. 91 ===
M: Today I heard the story about Porsena and Horatius.

I: Who was Porsena? Was he a Roman?

M: Porsena, a noble king, was an enemy of the Romans. With daring soldiers he came into the territories of the Romans, and he attacked the city of Rome.

I: Did the Romans flee because of the danger?

M: Great was the danger of the city and of the citizens, because the enemies were brave and eager, but the Romans did not flee.

I: Did Porsena capture Rome?

M: He did not capture the city, because the bravery of a strong man was protecting the citizens. With few allies, Horatius was bravely fighting for the city.

I: Did Horatius withstand the enemies for a long time?

M: Not for a long time, because the enemies were many, and they were hurling many javelins. But he swam across the river to allies. The Romans praised Horatius on account of his courage.

=== § 222, p. 93 ===

# Once a friend asked a Spartan: &quot;Why does Spart not have walls?&quot; The Spartan responded: &quot;Our city has the very best walls, the courage of the strong inhabitants.&quot;
# Once the Spartan king said: &quot;My citizens have never asked, 'How many are the enemies?' but 'Where are they?'&quot;
# Before battle with a Spartan, an enemy said, 'You will not see the sun on account of a multitude of javelins and arrows.&quot; &quot;In shade, therefore, we will fight,&quot; responded the Spartan.

=== § 234, p. 98 ===
In Gaul, the citizens were many and strong. The chiefs of these citizens feared the power and commands of the Romans. Therefore, they had called together many soldiers and among the mountains and hills they were waiting for the Romans.

In the first year of the war, the Roman people sent Caesar against the Gauls. This leader, with Labienus and foot soldiers and a few horsemen, hasetened out of Italy in the summer and without peril came into the territories of the Gauls. In these places the scouts of Caesar found enemies.

At dawn, the Roman soldiers attacked the Gauls. Intense was the battle. The Gauls were defending the place with stones and heavy weapons. Our men were throwing javelins, and with swords they were withstanding the enemeis. Finally the weary Gauls, on account of a lack of weapons and wounds, fled across the river.

For ten years Caesar waged many wars in Gaul and he sent many captives to Rome.

=== § 236, p. 99 ===
Because the Britons had often sent aid to the Gauls, Caesar sailed to the Britain island. Although frightened by a great number of ships and men, the strong Britains fought with great courage in defense of the homeland. Yet finally they fled from shore. After this battle, the Romans had laid waste to the fields of the enemies, and had seized villages, and had captured much booty. Cassivellaunus, chief of the Britons, sent envoys to Caesar. Caesar demanded hostages. With these hostages and many captives, he came out of Britain into Gaul. On account of this victory, great was the power of the Romans in Britain.

=== § 275, p. 111 ===
At one time, the cities of Rome were rendered a great danger from the Volscians, who were bold enemies of the Roman people. The Volscians were stirred and led by Coriolanus, a Roman. At last, many buildings in the fields were laid waste by the enemies. The citizens armed themselves. The city was supplied food by the consul. In vain the enemies were hindered. Then, because of the great danger, the Romans sent the mother of Coriolanus to him regarding peace, because she was greatly loved by her son. Veturia, the mother of Coriolanus, came into the camp to her son. She found him in the camp. Coriolanus saw her and said, 'My country have conquered me and my allies.' At once he fled from the city with the enemies.

=== § 277, p. 111 ===
Many stories concerning Perseus are told by poets. Perseus was the son of Jupiter, king of the gods. His grandfather was Acrisius. He was wishing to kill Perseus; for on account of the power of the gods, he feared the boy. Therefore, he captured him while he was still a baby, and placed him with his mother in a chest. Then he cast the chest into the sea. Danae, the mother of Perseus, was fearing greatly, for a great storm was disturbing the sea. However, Perseus was sleeping in the arms of his mother.

=== § 291, p. 115 ===
Then Jupiter saw all of this, and he determined to save his son. Therefore he made the sea calm, and he drew the chest to the island of Seraphim. Polydectus was the king of this island at that time. After the ark was drawn to the shore, Danae was sleeping on the sand. After a short time she was found by a man, and she was led to the king. He received well the mother and son, and offered to them a safe dwelling in his territories.

=== § 314, p. 124 ===
Scipio and Hannibal were famous generals. The former was a Roman, who won great victories; the latter was a Carthaginian, who conquered the Romans in many battles. Hannibal, when a boy, was brought to the altar by his father. There he swore hatred against the Romans. The young man captured many towns in Spain, then he passed over the Alp mountains and often defeated the Romans in Italy. Scipio, near the Ticinus River, courageously saved the life of his father, and afterwards, near Cannae, showed himself brave against Hannibal. War was carried across into Africa, and there Scipio defeated Hannibal near Zama. He is called by the Romans, 'Africanus.'

=== § 316, p. 125 ===
Perseus, as a young man, withdrew from the island Seriphus, and, after he came to the mainland, sought Medusa. For a long time, in vain, he was seeking her for he was ignorant of the nature of the location. After a while, Mercury and Minerva showed to him the road. First unto the Graeae, the sisters of Medusa, he came. With their help he received winged shoes and a magic helmet. Mercury and Minerva gave to him a sword and mirror. Then, after he put on his feet the winged shoes, he ascended into the air. For a long time he flew through the air; finally, however, to that place where Medusa was living with the other Gorgons he came. The Gorgons were monsters whose heads were wholly covered with snakes. But their hands were made from bronze.

=== § 337, p. 132 ===
If you are doing well, it is good; I am also doing well. This letter I am gladly writing to you. By the advice of my doctor I am wintering in Italy with my parents. With you snow covers everything, but with us here we rarely see snow. The air is mild; the heavens smile. Sometimes I walk on the shore or I wander in the spacious gardens, for the grass and trees are green there. From here I see Mt. Vesuvius, from here nearly the entire city, from here the beautiful islands situated in the sea. Daily, I give much of ''my'' work in the Latin language. I learn this language much easier than Greek. But now I form the end of the letter; soon I will tell to you everything in person. Farewell, my friend.

=== § 339, p. 133 ===
The most difficult thing was the cutting off the head of the Gorgon. for by the sight of it men would be turned into stone. Because of this reason, Minerva had given to Perseus the mirror. Therefore he turned his back, and into the mirror he looked; by this manner he advanced to the place where Medusa was sleeping. Then with his sword he cut off her head with one stroke. The remaining Gorgons immediately were awakened from sleep, and, when they saw the thing, were disturbed. They seized weapons, and they intended to kill Perseus. However while he was fleeing, he put on the magic helmet; and, where he did this, immediately he went out of their view. 

=== § 368, p. 142 ===
On the next day, Caesar led the army out from the camp and made a march to the river. The thing was reported by the enemy, whose foot-soldiers were seen by us on the top of the hill. Then Caesar placed the calvary in the sides so that they could help the foot-soldiers, and he incited the spirits of the soldiers to battle in this way: &quot;All the hope of the public affair is placed on our courage. Fortune helps the brave. The brave will conquer.&quot; The enemy then fiercely made an attack against our line so that they gave way. However for a short time the enemy were overcome so that from all sides of the battle they fled across the river. Their leader was captured and he was sent to Rome.

=== § 370, p. 143 ===
After this Perseus came into the territories of Egypt. There Cepheus was ruling at that time. He at one time had struck Neptune, the god of the sea; therefore, Neptune had sent the cruelest monster. This monster daily would come out of the sea and would devour men. For this reason, terror seized the spirits of them all. Cepheus, therefore, consulted the oracle of the god Hammon, and he was commanded by the god to surrender his daughter Andromeda to the monster. However, that virgin was very beautiful. Cepheus, when he heard this, greatly grieved. But he wished to save his citizens from the great danger, and for this reason he determined to do the command of Hammon.

=== § 391, p. 149 ===
=== § 406, p. 156* ===
After this battle, Caesar spoke to his soldiers in a meeting thus: they had fought bravely; and so the enemy has been defeated everywhere and has fled to the mountains and the marshes; he [Caesar] would give the booty to them; he [Caesar] knew that they were tired on account of the long war and that he would send them to Italy at once; he [Caesar] wanted to remain in Gaul through the winter, but the following summer he [Caesar] would lead his own (men) to the Germans; many captives had been sent to Rome, and the Roman people were delighted by their victory. 

=== § 408, p. 156-7* ===
When Perseus saw this, he took out his sword, and, after donning his magic boots, flew through the air. Then he suddenly attacked the monster from above, and gravely wounded its neck with his sword. When the monster felt the wound, it let out a horrible noise and without delay submerged its entire body in the water. As Perseus flew around the shore, he awaited its return. But meanwhile, the sea was being tainted everywhere with blood. After a short time the beast exposed its head again; nevertheless it was soon wounded by Perseus with a more severe strike. Then it again submerged itself in the waves, and thereafter was never seen again. 

After Perseus descended to the shore, he first removed his magic boots; then came to the cliff where Andromeda was bound. But she had put away all hope of salvation, and when Perseus arrived, she had nearly died of fear. The former loosened her bonds at once and returned the girl to her father. Cepheus was affected with great joy on account of this action. And so he gave Andromeda to Perseus in matrimony. Perseus lived with his wife in this region for a few years, and existed in great honor among all Ethiopians. 

=== § 423, p. 163* ===
[From Caesar's ''Commentāriī De Bellō Gallicō'' Book I.I]

All of Gaul is divided in three parts, one of which the Belgae inhabit, the Aquitani another, and the third those who are called Gauls. Of all of these the bravest are the Belgae because they are neither near the Roman provinces nor do traders come to them often; and they are the nearest to the Germans, who live across the Rhine, and with whom they wage war. For this reason the Helvetians are also braver than the rest of Gaul. They struggle on account of nearly daily battles with the Germans, when they restrain them from their own territories or they themselves wage war in the Germans' territories. This part that the Gauls occupy begins at the river Rhone; and is stopped at the river Garonne, the ocean, and the Belgian territories.

=== § 438, p. 168* ===
Certain mice had a meeting once, for they greatly feared a cat. Plans that were put forward was not pleasing to all. Finally one mouse spoke thus: &quot;We ought to tie a tinnabulum to the cat's tail. Thus truly on account of his sound we shall be warned and shall be able to flee. Who of us wishes to do this?&quot; But none of the companions was persuaded to tie the tintinnabulum to the cat, and he himself was unwilling. This story teaches that very many are bold in offering advice but are afraid of the very risk [of doing so]. 

=== § 439, p. 168* ===
One time, Nasica came to the house of the poet Ennis and asked about him. The slave-girl responded that Ennius was not at home. But Nasica felt that that girl said this on account of the master's command and that Ennius was home. A few days later Ennius came to Nasica's house. She exclaims to him that Nasica is not at home. Then Ennius said, &quot;What? Do I not know your voice?&quot; Hereupon Nasica replied, &quot;You are a shameless man. I believed your slave-girl; you do not believe me myself?&quot;

=== § 440, p. 168-9* ===
[From Caesar's ''Commentāriī De Bellō Gallicō'' Book I.II]

Oregetorix was the most famous of the Helvetians for a long time. He was led by desire for the kingship and created a conspiracy of the nobility. Then he persuaded the state to hasten from their own land with all of their troops. It was easy to persuade them because the Helvetians are enclosed on all sides by the nature of the place: on one side the river Rhine, the broadest and deepest, which divided the land of the Helvetians from the Germans; on the other side by the very high Jura mountain, which is between the Sequani and the Helvetians; on the third side by lake Lemannus [Geneva] and the river Rhine, which divides our province from the Helvetians. On account of the multitude of men and the glory of war they reckoned themselves to have a small territory, which extended 240 miles in length and 180 miles in breadth.

=== § 449, p. 173* ===

# Lacaenus said to his son while hastening to battle, &quot;either on a shield or with a shield.&quot; (A Greek saying based on the fact that slain warriors would be carried home upon their shields.)
# Leonidas said to the soldiers, &quot;The enemies are near us,&quot; to which he responded, &quot;Now we are near the enemy.&quot;
# Thales, having been asked, &quot;What is common to men?&quot; responded, &quot;Hope; for truly now they have this who have nothing at all.&quot;
# A Corinthian spectator asked, &quot;You make strong and high walls. Which women inhabit this city?&quot; 
# A certain man asked Aristotle, &quot;What is friendship?&quot; Aristotle replied, &quot;One soul in two bodies.&quot; 
# Cicero said, &quot;The one that cannot tame an army is the general who cannot tame himself.&quot;  

=== § 451, p. 173-4* ===
The Helvetians, influenced by these things and having been agitated by the authority of Orgetorix, determined to buy the maximum number of carts, prepare a supply of grain, and strengthen peace and friendship with neighboring nations. 

Meanwhile Orgetorix assumed the position of ambassador towards the nations. 

During this quest he persuaded Casticus, a Sequani, whose father had possessed the Sequani kingdom for many years and had been named friend of the Roman people by the Senate, to seize the kingdom in his own nation. 

He persuaded this man to do the same for the other chiefs.

Influenced by Orgetorix's speech, these chiefs offered hostages amongst themselves, and they hoped to be able to occupy the entirety of Gaul by themselves. 

The Helvetians however did not approve of this meeting. 

Therefore they gathered together a multitude of men from the fields to avert Orgetorix's plans. 

But at this time Orgetorix suddenly died.   

=== § 479, p. 184-5 ===
=== § 494, p. 190-1 ===

== Reviews ==

=== § 68, p. 38 ===
=== § 69, p. 38 ===
=== § 70, p. 39 ===
=== § 71, p. 39 ===
=== § 72, p. 39 ===

# Rule: The subject of a sentence is in the nominative case.&lt;br&gt;''Equus natat.''
# Rule: A verb agrees with its subject in number and person.&lt;br&gt;''Equī natant.''
# Rule: The object of a verb is in the accusative case.&lt;br&gt;''Puella equum exspectat.''
# Rule: The word enoting the owner or possessor is in the genitive case.&lt;br&gt;''Equus puellae natat.''
# Rule: The cause of and action may be expressed by a dependent clause introduced by ''quod''.&lt;br&gt;''Equus natat quod puella equum exspectat.''
# Rule: The indirect object of a verb is in the dative case.&lt;br&gt;''Rēgīna puellae equum dat.''
# Rule: Plase where is commonly expressed by a phrase consisting of a preposition, usually ''in'', with the ablative case.&lt;br&gt;''Puella in agrō equum spectat.''
# Rule: -.&lt;br&gt;''Quis puellae equum dat?''&lt;br&gt;''Rēgīnane puellae equum dat?''&lt;br&gt;''Cuius equum rēgīna puellae dat?''

=== § 115, p. 54 ===
=== § 116, p. 54 ===
=== § 117, p. 55 ===
=== § 118, p. 55 ===
=== § 119, p. 55 ===

# Rule: Adjectives agree with their nouns in case, gender, and number. &lt;br&gt;''Ea puella equum bonum et parvam habet.''
# Rule: A predicate noun agrees in case with the subject of the verb. &lt;br&gt;''Cornēlia est puella.''
# Rule: A predicate adjective agrees in case, gender, and number with the subject of the verb. &lt;br&gt;''Iūlia et Cornēlia sunt amīcae.''
# Rule: An appositive agrees in case with the noun it explains. &lt;br&gt;''Cornēlia puella equum probat.''
# Rule: Certain adjectives meaning near, fit, friendly, pleasing, like, and their opposites may be accompanied by a dative to show the person or the thin toward which the quality of the adjective is directed. &lt;br&gt;''Equus Cornēliae grātus est.''

=== § 163, p. 70 ===
=== § 164, p. 70 ===
=== § 165, p. 70 ===
=== § 166, p. 71 ===
=== § 167, p. 71 ===

# Rule: The means by which an action is accomplished is expressed by the ablative without a preposition.&lt;br&gt;''Sociōs vulnerōs scutīs portāvērunt.''
# Rule: The ablative with cum is used with abstract nouns to denote the manner of an action; but cum may be omitted if an adjective modifies the noun of the phrase.&lt;br&gt;''In eō locō cum studīo pugnāvērunt; sed prō eō vīcō magnā cūrā pugnāvērunt.''
# Rule: The ablative with cum is used to show accompaniment.&lt;br&gt;''Is lēgātus in Italiam cum sociīs properāvit.''

=== § 203, p. 86 ===
=== § 204, p. 86 ===
=== § 205, p. 87 ===
=== § 206, p. 87 ===
=== § 207, p. 87 ===

# Rule: Place from which is expressed by the ablative with ''ā'' (''ab''), ''dē'' or ''ē'' (''ex'').&lt;br&gt;''Ab urbē Horātius properat.''&lt;br&gt;''Dē pontē Horātius desiluit.''&lt;br&gt;''Ē portā Horātius properāvit.''
# Rule: The place to which is expressed by the accusative with ''ad'' or ''in''.&lt;br&gt;''Ad pontem Horātius cucurrit.''&lt;br&gt;''In flūmen Horātius desilit.''
# Rule: The ablative without a preposition is used to express cause.&lt;br&gt;''Multīs vulneribus mīlitēs dēfessī sunt.''
# Rule: Cause may also be expressed by a prepositional phrase consisting of ''ob'' or ''propter'' with the accusative, or of ''dē'' or ''ex'' with the ablative.&lt;br&gt;''Ob virtūtem Horātiī eum laudāmus.''&lt;br&gt;''Rōmānī multīs dē iniūrīs cum Helvetiīs pugnāverunt.''
# Rule: -&lt;br&gt;''Ad pontem contrā hostīs Horātius properat.''&lt;br&gt;''Ante pontem inter sociōs Horātius apud hostīs pugnāvit.''&lt;br&gt;''Ob iniūriās per urbem et trāns pontem Horātius, et post Horātium cīvēs, properāvērunt.''
# Rule: -&lt;br&gt;''Ab urbe et ē portās cum sociīs prō Rōmā Horātius, sine terrōre, properat.''
# Rule: -&lt;br&gt;''Nostrī dēfessī sunt.''&lt;br&gt;''Dux dēfessōs ā proeliō dīmīsit.''

=== § 252, p. 104 ===
=== § 253, p. 104 ===
=== § 254, p. 104 ===
=== § 255, p. 105 ===
=== § 256, p. 105 ===

=== § 301, p. 120 ===
=== § 302, p. 120 ===
=== § 303, p. 121 ===
=== § 304, p. 121 ===
=== § 305, p. 121 ===

=== § 362, p. 140 ===
=== § 363, p. 140 ===
=== § 364, p. 141 ===
=== § 365, p. 141 ===
=== § 366, p. 141 ===

=== § 415, p. 160 ===
=== § 416, p. 160 ===
=== § 417, p. 161 ===
=== § 418, p. 161 ===
=== § 419, p. 161 ===

=== § 466, p. 180 ===
=== § 467, p. 180 ===
=== § 468, p. 181 ===
=== § 469, p. 181 ===
=== § 470, p. 181 ===

=== § 506, p. 196 ===
=== § 507, p. 196 ===
=== § 508, p. 197 ===
=== § 509, p. 197 ===
=== § 510, p. 197 ===
=== § 511, p. 197 ===</text>
      <sha1>fgv6ykdh5p6twvenasn38ootcw4z71p</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Mirad Grammar/Vocabulary Formation</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>417655</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641731</id>
      <parentid>4639812</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T17:54:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Rule #11: Deriving Nuanced Words Phonetically */</comment>
      <origin>4641731</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="313941" sha1="e03skn31sy7kijpowoz495sebjo0qql" xml:space="preserve">{{TOC right|limit=3}}
==  Introduction ==
: In order to facilitate word-building and to maximize comprehension and decipherability of words, certain meanings and functions have been attached to consonants and vowels.
 
: The vocabulary of Mirad is composed of '''''base words''''' and '''''derived words'''''.
: The vocabulary is built on '''''base words''''', that is, indivisible, building-block words. The choice of the root of these words (formed generally from two or three letters) is determined by:

::* The meaning of each letter of the word.
::* The importance of the group of ideas that this word evokes in its proper sense and in the sense that is directly opposite it, eg.: ''fixed'' vs. ''variable''.
::* How frequently the word and its derivations are used in the language.
::* The geometric system of vocabulary construction (see a later section on what this is all about).
::* The logic of its composition.
::* The mnemonic associations this word suggests.

: The words derived from base words in turn follow very simple laws called '''''vocabulary-building rules''''', which are spelled out below.

== Base Words ==
: '''''Base words''''' are elements of vocabulary that cannot be broken down any further and which serve as the basis for many derived words in the language.  Base words are divided into two groups:

::* Group 1:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;consisting of '''''nouns'''''
::* Group 2:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;consisting of  '''''prepositions, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, determiners, and verbs'''''.

== Base words of Group 1 ==

: Base words of Group 1 (nouns) are composed of three letters:

:::* The first, a consonant called the '''''classifier'''''
:::* The second, a vowel called the '''''ordinal'''''
:::* The third, a consonant called the '''''generic'''''

These words can be thought of as noun templates.

:: Examples:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-let:3.2em&quot;
|+ Base Word Composition
|-
! Classifier !! Ordinal !! Generic !! Meaning
|-
| '''t''' || '''o''' || '''b''' || ''man''
|-
| '''d''' || '''o''' || '''t''' || ''society''
|-
| '''p''' || '''o''' || '''t''' || ''animal''
|-
| '''f''' || '''o''' || '''b''' || ''plant''
|}

== Base words of Group 2 ==
: Base words of Group 2 (everything but nouns) are composed of one or two letters, not including grammatical endings.  If one letter, it is a consonant or sometimes a vowel(*).  If two letters, they  consist of a consonant + vowel combination or a vowel + consonant combination.  Here are some examples (the hyphen at the end means that the base word does not stand alone, but is followed in usage by a grammatical ending such as '''-er''' (verb infinitive marker) or '''-a''' (adjective marker):

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-let:3.2em&quot;
|+ Some Examples of Group 2 Base Words
| '''b-'''....''put'' || '''p-'''....''go''
|-
| '''s-'''....''be'' || '''x-'''....''do''
|-
| '''d-'''....''say'' || '''t-'''....''know''
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''ob'''....''off''
|-
|'''bu'''....''to'' || '''bi'''....''from''
|-
|'''if-'''....''love'' || '''uf-'''....''hate''
|-
|'''fi-'''....''good'' || '''fu-'''....''bad''
|-
|'''va'''....''yes''  || '''vo'''....''no''
|-
|'''vya-'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''true'' || '''vyo-'''....''false''
|- 
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''o'''....''zero''
|}

: *&lt;small&gt; As mentioned above, &quot;vowel&quot; in this case may include glided vowels, i.e. those preceded and/or followed by one of the glides '''y''' or '''w'''.  So, for purposes here, '''ya''', '''ye''', '''yi''', '''yo''', '''yu''', '''wa''', and other pre- and post-glided vowels, are considered &quot;glided vowels&quot;.&lt;/small&gt;

== Consonants and Their Meanings ==
: The classifier (initial letter) and generic (final letter) in group 1 base words (nouns) are consonants.  Also, group 2 base words almost always have one consonant.  So, you need to be familiar with the general meaning of the consonants in the Mirad alphabet, as shown in the following chart:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-let:3.2em&quot;
|+ Consonants and Their Meanings
|-
! Consonant !! Group 1 Classifier !! Group 1 Generic !!  Group 2 Classifier !! In Numbers
|-
| '''b''' || organ, health || organism || gesture, position ||
|-
| '''d''' || society || family || communicating || 
|-
| '''f''' || vegetation || textile, clothing || volition, attributes || 
|-
| '''g''' || -- || measurement || quantity, attributes || 
|-
| '''j''' || time || time || time || 
|-
| '''k''' ||  -- || health || change, risk, attributes || 
|-
| '''l''' ||  -- || element, food, liquid, nature || -- || '''l''' = ten
|-
| '''m''' || nature || place, building, furniture || temperature, light || '''ml''' = million&lt;br&gt;'''mr''' = billion
|-
| '''n''' || commerce || -- || -- ||
|-
| '''p''' || animal, vehicle || motion  || movement || 
|-
| '''r''' || -- || tool, machine, cosmos  || -- || '''r''' = thousand
|-
| '''s''' || form, image, furniture || thing  || being, form, thing || '''s''' = hundred
|-
| '''t''' || human, body || person, animal || intelligence, knowing || 
|-
| '''v''' || plant, color || linen || truth, attributes ||
|-
| '''x''' || action || --  || action, doing, making ||
|-
| '''z''' || -- || precious, art || spatial, attributes || 
|}
: The following consonants functions rather than, or in addition to, semantic values:

::* '''l''' and '''r''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  Liquids used after vowels to intensify the semantics of a word, eg.: '''baer'''....''to lean'', '''baler'''....''to press'', '''barer'''....''to crush'';
::* '''y''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Glide used 1) before a stem vowel to intensify the semantics of a word, eg. '''voa'''....''negative'' -&gt; '''vyoa'''....''false'', or 2) after a vowel to de-intensify the semantics of a word, eg. '''ama'''....''hot'' -&gt; '''ayma'''....''warm''.
::* '''h''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Used functionally only in certain interjections like '''hoy'''....''goodbye'' and determiners like '''his'''....''this'', and has no semantic value.
::* '''w''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  Has no semantic value of its own, but is used only 1) to form the masculine gender of nouns and pronouns, eg. '''tob'''....''person'' -&gt; '''twob'''....''man'', or 2) to form the passive voice of verbs, eg. '''uber'''....''to send'' -&gt; '''ubwer'''....''to be sent'', or 3) to form a numerical unit marker, eg. '''awa'''....''one'', or 4) sometimes to substitute for '''y''' when this letter would cause ambiguity or difficulty in pronunciation with other consonants eg. '''jwo'''....''late'', instead of '''jyo'''. 
::* '''n''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  In addition to its semantic values, functions often 1) as a buffer letter, as in '''ana'''....''only'', or 2) as a suffix to derive a nominal abstraction from an adjective, such as '''fian'''....''goodness'' from '''fia'''....''good'', or from a verb, such '''axnen'''....''behaving'' from '''axner'''....''to behave''.

== Vowels and Their Meanings ==
: Ordinal vowels in Mirad have meanings or values of the following types:
::* meronymic
::* hierarchical
::* geo-specific
::* oppositional/polar
::* vectorial
::* directional and positional
::* special

=== Ordinal Vowel Values ===
:: The numerical value of ordinal vowels is shown in the chart below.  The vowels beginning with '''y''' are considered pre-y-glided vowels.  These numeric values serve as the &quot;ordinal vowel&quot; in scaled base words.  See the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Vowels|Vowels]].

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-let:3.2em&quot;
|+ Numeric Values of Vowels
|-
! Ordinal Vowel !! '''o''' !! '''a''' !! '''e''' !! '''i''' !! '''u''' !! '''yo''' !! '''ya''' !! '''ye''' !! '''yi''' !! '''yu'''
|-
!row=1| Cardinal Number 
| 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 
|}

=== Meronymic Vowel Gradation ===
:: Ordinal vowels can be used as the stem vowel in Group 1 base words to form a '''''{{color|blue|meronymic}}''''' series.  (This gradation can also be called '''''taxonomic'''''.  The top element, or hypernym, has zero ('''o''') as its defining vowel.  The others are hyponyms or meronyms (= parts of the whole), and have incrementally higher numbers of their ordinal vowel. '''T&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;b''' (''body'') is the first meronym of '''t&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;b''' (''human being''), the hypernym or zeroth element.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-let:3.2em&quot;
|+ Meronymic Series
|-
!colspan=1| Rank
!colspan=7| Meronymic or Taxonomic
|-
! 0
| '''tob'''....''human'' || '''fob'''....''plant'' || '''vob'''....''crop''|| '''mos'''....''floor''||'''som'''....''furniture''||'''tom'''....''building''||'''job'''....''time''
|-
! 1
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''fab'''....''tree'' || '''vab'''....''grass''|| '''mas'''....''wall''||'''sam'''....''chest of drawers''||'''tam'''....''house''||'''jab'''....''year''
|-
! 2
| '''teb'''....''head'' || '''feb'''....''fruit'' || '''veb'''....''tuft''|| '''mes'''....''door''||'''sem'''....''table''||'''tem'''....''hall''||'''jeb'''....''season''
|-
! 3
| '''tib'''....''trunk'' || '''fib'''....''trunk'' || '''vib'''....''stalk''|| '''mis'''....''window''||'''sim'''....''chair''||'''tim'''....''room''||'''jib'''....''month''
|-
! 4
| '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''fub'''....''branch'' || '''vub'''....''shoot''||'''mus'''....''stairs''||'''sum'''....''bed''||'''tum'''....''closet''||'''jub'''....''day''
|-
! 5
| '''tyob'''....''leg'' || '''fyob'''....''root'' || '''vyob'''....''tuber''|| || || ||'''jwob'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''hour''
|-
! 6
| || || || || || ||'''jwab'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''minute''
|-
! 7
| || || || || || ||'''jweb'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''second''
|}
* The letter '''w''' replaces the letter '''y''' following a '''j''', for ease of pronunciation.
: The words that descend from the base word are called '''''meronyms'''''.  A hypernym is a word that is higher in scale.

=== Hierarchical Vowel Gradation ===
:: Ordinal vowels can be used as the stem vowel in Group 1 base words to form a '''''{{color|blue|hierarchical}}''''' series where the top element has zero ('''o''') as its defining vowel.  The others are subordinate elements and have incrementally higher numbers that define a descending series related to that top element.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Hierarchical Vowel Gradation
|-
!colspan=1| Rank
!colspan=4| Hierarchy
|-
! 0
| '''dob'''....''state'' || '''dot'''....''society'' || '''tod'''....''family''||'''xob'''....''organization''
|-
! 1
| '''dab'''....''government'' || '''dat'''....''friend'' || '''tad'''....''spouse''||'''xab'''....''staff''
|-
! 2
| '''deb'''....''leader'' || '''det'''....''associate'' || '''ted'''....''parent''||'''xeb'''....''boss''
|-
! 3
| '''dib'''....''ministry'' || '''dit'''....''citizen'' ||'''tid'''....''sibling''||'''xib'''....''department''
|-
! 4
| '''dub'''....''minister'' || '''dut'''....''gentleman'' || '''tud'''....''child''||'''xub'''....''branch''
|}

=== Geo-specific Vowel Gradation ===
: Ordinals can have '''''{{color|blue|geo-specific}}''''' values, that is values, related to the sky, land, sea, outer space, and underground.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Geo-specific Vowel Values
|-
! Ordinal
! Geo-sphere 
! colspan=7| Examples
|-
| align=center | '''o''' || ''outer space, top level'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''orbit'' || '''mom'''....''outer space''|| '''mol'''....''nature''||'''dop'''....''military''||'''pop'''....''voyage''||'''mol'''....''nature''||'''pot'''....''wild animal''
|-
| align=center | '''a''' || ''air, gas, sky'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''wind'' || '''mam'''....''sky'' ||'''mal'''....''air''||'''dap'''....''air force''||'''pap'''....''flight''||'''mal'''....''wind''||'''pat'''....''bird''
|-
| align=center | '''e''' || ''ground, soil, solid'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''road'' || '''mem'''....''land''|| '''mel'''....''soil''||'''dep'''....''army''||'''pep'''....''ride''||'''mel'''....''soil''||'''pet'''....''domestic land animal''
|-
| align=center |  '''i''' || ''liquid'', ''water'', ''sea'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''river'' || '''mim'''....''sea''|| '''mil'''....''water''||'''dip'''....''marines''|| '''pip'''....''navigation/sail''||'''mil'''....''water''||'''pit'''....''fish''
|-
| align=center | '''u''' || ''underground'', ''mineral'', ''substance'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''tunnel''|| '''mum'''....''underground''  || '''mul'''....''mineral''|| ||'''pup'''....''tunneling''||'''mul'''....''matter''||
|}

=== Spectral Ordinal Vowel Gradation ===
: The basic color terms use the natural order of the spectrum to determine the ordinal vowels:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Spectral Ordinal Vowel Gradation
|-
!  Order || Mirad !! English
|-
| 0 || '''olza'''&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; || ''blank, of no color''
|-
| 1 || '''alza''' || ''red''
|-
| 2 || '''elza''' || ''orange''
|-
| 3 || '''ilza''' || ''yellow''
|-
| 4 || '''ulza''' || ''green''
|-
| 5 || '''yolza''' || ''blue''
|-
| 6 || '''yalza''' || ''purple''
|-
| 7 || '''yelza''' || ''indigo''
|}
{{small/top}}
: 1) In the natural spectrum, there really is no 0th order.
{{small/end}}
: The colors black and white are:
:* '''malza'''....''white''
:* '''molza'''....''black''

: Some colors are hybrids of two colors:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Hybrid Colors
|-
!  Mirad !! English
|-
|  '''aolza''' || ''pink'' (a blend of ''blank'' and ''red'')
|-
|  '''youlza''' || ''blue-green''
|-
| '''maolza''' || ''gray'' (a blend of ''black'' and ''white'')
|}
: The word for ''brown'' is based on the word for ''soil'':
:* '''melza'''....''brown'' (&lt; '''mel'''....''soil'')

: Two other colors are based on metals:
:* '''agelkza'''....''silver'' (based on '''agelk'''....''silver metal''
:* '''aulkza'''....''gold'' (based on '''aulk'''....''gold metal''

=== Oppositional (or Polar) Vowel Values ===
: In Group 2 stems:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Oppositional Vowel Values
|-
| '''a'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ya''' || intermediate  || '''i'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yi'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;⇑&lt;/big&gt; positive&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;⇓&lt;/big&gt;negative || '''e'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ye''' || &lt;big&gt;⇑&lt;/big&gt; positive&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;⇓&lt;/big&gt;negative
|-
| '''o'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yo''' || value || '''u'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yu'''
|}
::* positive '''a''' contrasts with negative '''o'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''av'''....''for'' vs. '''ov'''....''against'')
::* positive '''ya''' contrasts with negative '''yo'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''yava'''....''innocent'' vs. '''yova'''....''guilty'')
::* positive '''i''' contrasts with negative '''u'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''fia'''....''good'' vs. '''fua'''....''bad'')
::* positive '''yi''' contrasts with negative '''yu'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''yiva'''....''free'' vs. '''yuva'''....''bound'')
::* '''e''' and '''ye''' are in-between values&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''eva'''....''neutral'', '''yeva'''....''fair'')

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Group 1 Oppositional Vowel Gradation
|-
! positive  !! intermediate  !! negative 
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''ega'''....''normal'' || '''oga'''....''small''
|-
| '''yava'''....''innocent''  || '''yeva'''....''just''|| '''yova'''....''guilty''
|-
| '''ava'''....''for'' || '''eva'''....''neutral'' || '''ova'''....''against''
|-
| '''aker'''....''to win'' || '''eker'''....''to risk'' || '''oker'''....''to lose''
|-
| '''yak'''....''expectation'' || '''yek'''....''attempt'' || '''yok'''....''surprise''
|-
| '''fia'''....''good'' || || '''fua'''....''bad''
|-
| '''ifer'''....''love'' || || '''ufer'''....''hate''
|- 
| '''yifa'''....''brave'' || || '''yufa'''....''afraid''
|}
: Some Group 1 base words have ordinal vowel stems that exhibit '''''oppositional''''' values:
: The Group 1 base word '''bok''' (''illness'') is a good example:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-let:3.2em&quot;
|+ Group 1 base word with oppositional values
|-
! Positive !! Intermediate !! Negative
|- valign=top
|'''bak'''....''health''||'''bek'''....''treatment''||'''bok'''....''illness''
|-
|'''byak'''....''hygiene''||'''byek'''....''cure''||'''byok'''....''pain''&lt;br&gt;'''byoyk'''....''ache''&lt;br&gt;'''blok'''....''suffering''&lt;br&gt;'''brok'''....''agony''
|-
|'''baak'''....''sanitation''|| ||'''book'''....''fatigue''
|-
|'''bik'''....''care''|| ||'''buk'''....''wound''&lt;br&gt;'''buyk'''....''sore''
|}

=== Vectorial Vowel Values ===
: These ordinal vowels have to do with directions, up, down, south, left, etc.

{{big/top}}&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
::::::'''a'''
::::::↑
::::'''u'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;←&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''e'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;→&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''i'''
::::::↓
::::::'''o'''
{{big/end}}

:::'''a'''....''on, above, north'' ('''ab'''....''on'', '''zamer'''....''north'')
:::'''e'''....''center, middle, equator'' ('''eb'''....''between'', '''ze'''....''center'')
:::'''o'''....''off, below, south'' ('''ob'''....''off'', '''zomer'''....''south'')
:::'''i'''....''right, east'' ('''zi'''....''right'', '''zimer'''....''east'')
:::'''u'''....''left, west'' ('''zu'''....''left'', '''zumer'''....''west'')

=== Directional and Positional Vowel Values ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;  margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Directional and Positional Vowel Values
|-
| colspan=8 align=center | '''A'''
|-
| rowspan=6 align=center | '''U''' ||  || '''a'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt; || &lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' || &lt;big&gt;↑&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;''' ||'''ya'''&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; ||  || rowspan=6 align=center | '''I''' 
|-
| '''u''' → || || '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;'''||'''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;''' || || → '''i'''
|-
| → '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;''' || ||'''e''' ||'''ye''' || || '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' →
|-
| → '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;''' || || colspan=2 align=center| '''E'''  || || '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;''' →
|-
| '''yu''' → || || || || || → '''yi'''
|-
|  || &lt;big&gt;↑&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''o''' || '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; || '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt; || &lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''yo''' || 
|-
| colspan=8 align=center| '''O'''
|}

:: Explanation of the above chart:

:::* If the vowel is capitalized, it indicates a '''''positional''''' value. It is used in its lowercase spelling as a prefix in Group I words.
:::* The non-capitalized vowels (including y-glides) indicate '''''directional''''' values.
:::* If the vowel is underlined, it means that it is placed '''''before''''' the classifier consonant (prefixed) in verbs
:::* Otherwise, a normal vowel means that it is placed '''''after''''' the classifier consonant (infixed) in Group 2 words.  

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Explanation of the Vowel Meanings Chart
|-
| '''A''' || position || || on, above, north || '''z&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;mer'''....''north''
|-
| '''a''' || movement || (free) || ''on'' || '''b&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''lean''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''onto''||'''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ber'''....''put on''
|-
| '''ya''' || movement || (free) || ''up, ascend''|| '''b&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''lift''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''up, get up, set up''|| '''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;ber'''....''raise''
|-
| '''O''' || position || || under, lower, south|| '''z&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;mer'''....''south''
|-
| '''yo''' || movement || (free) || ''off''|| '''b&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''hang''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''on the bottom of, underneath''|| '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''get off''
|-
| '''yo''' || movement || (free) || ''down''|| '''p&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;ser'''....''fall''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''fall''|| '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''rise''
|-
| '''U''' || position || || left, west|| '''z&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;mer'''....''west''
|-
| '''u''' || movement || (free) || ''move toward the center, come''|| '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;ber'''....''send''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''reach the center, arrive''|| '''p&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''reach''
|-
| '''yu''' || movement || (free) || ''near, approach''|| '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;ber'''....''approach''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''near, reach''|| '''b&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;ser'''....''touch''
|-
| '''I''' || position || || right, east|| '''z''i''mer'''....''east''
|-
| '''i''' || movement || (free) || ''from the center out, go away''|| '''p&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''go away''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''from the center out, leave''|| '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''leave''
|-
| '''yi''' || movement || (free) || ''away, go far''|| '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''go far''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''from afar, originate''|| '''p&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;ser'''....''originate''
|-
| '''E''' || position || || center, equator|| '''z&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;mer'''....''equator''
|-
| '''e''' || rest ||  || ''between''|| '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''between''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;''' || rest ||  || ''at, stay, hold''|| '''b&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;xer'''....''hold''
|-
| '''ye''' || movement ||  || ''in, into, enter''|| '''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''enter''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;''' ||  ||(contact)  || ''contain''|| '''b&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''contain''
|}

=== Special value of certain letters ===

: The prefixes '''a-''' or '''an-''' meaning ''one, sole, singular''.
::* '''aot'''....''person''
::* '''anot'''....''individual''

: Also, the prefix '''yan-''' meaning ''together'' contrasts with '''yon-'''....''apart''.
::* '''yanber'''....''to compose''
::* '''yonber'''....''to separate''

: The letter '''y''' is prefixed to the vowels of personal pronouns to make them plural:
::* '''at'''....''I, me'' as opposed to '''yat'''....''we, us''
::* '''et'''....''you'' as opposed to '''yet'''....''you (pl.), you all''
::* '''it'''....''he, she, him, her'' as opposed to '''yit'''....''they, them''
::* '''is'''....''it'' as opposed to '''yis'''....''they, them''

: The letter '''y''' is post-fixed to vowels to change the gender to specifically feminine:
::* '''it'''....''he, she, him, her'' as opposed to '''iyt'''....''she, her''
::* '''tob'''....''person, human being'' as opposed to '''toyb'''....''woman''

: The letter '''w''' is prefixed to vowels to change the gender to specifically masculine:
::* '''it'''....''he, she, him, her'' as opposed to '''wit'''....''he, him''
::* '''tob'''....''person, human being'' as opposed to '''twob'''....''man''

=== The Meaning of Group 1 Base Words ===
:: The meaning of the base words of Group 1 comes from the combination of the values of the classifier (initial) and the generic (final) consonants.  
:: The ordinal vowel of those Group 1 base words has a 1) scalar/hierachical, 2) geo-spatial, 3) oppositional, 4) vectorial/positional, or 5) mnemonic values.
:: The following table shows some Group 1 bases words, the meaning of their consonants, and the type of ordinal vowel scalarity:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Group 1 Zeroth-level Scalar Base Words and Meanings of the Consonants
|-
! Base Word !! Classifier Consonant !! Generic Consonant !! Scalarity Type
|-
| '''tob'''....''person'' || '''t''' = ''human'' || '''b''' = ''organism'' || meronymic
|-
| '''tof'''....''clothing'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''f''' = ''fabric'' || meronymic
|-
| '''tod'''....''family'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''d''' = ''society'' || meronymic
|-
| '''tom'''....''building'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''m''' = ''place'' || meronymic
|-
| '''tov'''....''lingerie'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''v''' = ''linen'' || meronymic
|-
| '''tol'''....''nourishment'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''l''' = ''food'' || oppositional
|-
| '''top'''....''soul, spirit'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''motion'' || meronymic
|-
| '''dob'''....''state'' || '''d''' = ''society'' || '''b''' = ''organism''||hierarchical
|-
| '''dop'''....''military'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''movement'' || geo-specific
|-
| '''dot'''....''society'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''t''' = ''human''|| hierarchical
|-
| '''dom'''....''city''  || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''m''' = ''place''|| geo-specific
|-
| '''job'''....''time'' || '''j''' = ''time'' || '''b'''....''organism''|| hierarchical
|-
| '''fob'''....''vegetation'' || '''f''' = ''vegetable'' || '''b''' = ''organism''|| meronymic
|-
| '''vob'''....''crop'' || '''v''' = ''plant'' || '''b''' = ''organism''|| meronymic
|-
| '''vos'''....''flower'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''s''' = ''thing''|| meronymic
|-
| '''volz'''....''color'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''lz''' = ''color, art''|| spectral
|- 
| '''som'''....''furniture'' || '''s''' = ''thing'' || '''m''' = ''place''|| meronymic
|-
| '''mos'''....''floor'' || '''m''' = ''place, nature'' || '''s''' = ''thing''|| meronymic
|-
| '''mor'''....''universe'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''r''' = ''machine, system''|| geo-specific
|-
| '''mom'''....''outer space'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''m''' = ''place''|| geo-specific
|-
| '''mol'''....''nature'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''l''' = ''substance''|| geo-specific
|-
| '''mop'''....''orbit'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''movement''|| geo-specific
|-
| '''pot'''....''animal'' || '''p''' = ''movement'' || '''t''' = ''human, animal''|| geo-specific
|-
| '''bok'''....''illness'' || '''b''' = ''organ'' || '''k''' = ''condition''|| oppositional
|-
| '''nom'''....''place'' || '''n''' = ''commercial'' || '''m''' = ''place''|| special
|-
| '''nog'''....''degree'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''g''' = ''measurement''|| special
|-
| '''nof'''....''cloth'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''f''' = ''cloth''|| special
|-
| '''nov'''....''linen'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''v''' = ''linen''|| special
|-
| '''nod'''....''point'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''d''' = ''communication''|| special
|-
| '''xob'''....''organization'' || '''x''' = ''action'' || '''b''' = ''organism''|| hierarchical
|}
==== Special Arrangement ====

: Other Group 1 nouns, listed in the chart below, have an ordinal vowel which is not so much geo-specific or hierarchical per se, but rather special in some fashion.  The consonants, especially the classifier consonant, have meanings like those in the above chart.
{| border=0 {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Other Group 1 Base Words
|- valign=top
   |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;  
|-
! d- &lt;br&gt;communication
|-
| '''daz'''&lt;br&gt;''dance''
|-
| '''dyaz'''&lt;br&gt;''ballet''
|-
| '''dyez'''&lt;br&gt;''cinema''
|-
| '''drez'''&lt;br&gt;''poetry'' 
|-
| '''dez'''&lt;br&gt;''theater''
|-
| '''diz'''&lt;br&gt;''comedy''
|-
| '''din'''&lt;br&gt;''story'' 
|-
| '''dun'''&lt;br&gt;''word''
|-
| '''duz'''&lt;br&gt;''music''
|-
| '''dyun'''&lt;br&gt;''name''
|-
| '''dyan'''&lt;br&gt;''sentence''
|-
| '''dyes'''&lt;br&gt;''book''
|-
| '''deup'''&lt;br&gt;''rhythm''
|}
   |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;  style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! dr- &lt;br&gt;write
|-
| '''drof'''&lt;br&gt;''board''
|-
| '''draf'''&lt;br&gt;''card''
|-
| '''dref'''&lt;br&gt;''paper''
|-
| '''drov'''&lt;br&gt;''cardboard''
|-
| '''drav'''&lt;br&gt;''notebook''
|-
| '''drev'''&lt;br&gt;''page''
|-
| '''drez'''&lt;br&gt;''poetry''
|-
| '''drar'''&lt;br&gt;''pencil''
|-
| '''drir'''&lt;br&gt;''typewriter''
|-
| '''drur'''&lt;br&gt;''printer''
|}
    |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;  style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! m- &lt;br&gt;nature
|-
| '''mag'''&lt;br&gt;''fire''
|-
| '''mak'''&lt;br&gt;''electricity'' 
|-
| '''mog'''&lt;br&gt;''ash'' 
|-
| '''meg'''&lt;br&gt;''stone''
|-
| '''mef'''&lt;br&gt;''brick''
|-
| '''mug'''&lt;br&gt;''metal''
|-
| '''muk'''&lt;br&gt;''mineral''
|-
| '''mez'''&lt;br&gt;''crystal''
|-
| '''mek'''&lt;br&gt;''dust''
|-
| '''myek'''&lt;br&gt;''powder''
|-
| '''mav'''&lt;br&gt;''flame'' 
|-
| '''mov'''&lt;br&gt;''smoke'' 
|-
| '''maf'''&lt;br&gt;''cloud'' 
|-
| '''maj'''&lt;br&gt;''daytime'' 
|-
| '''moj'''&lt;br&gt;''night'' 
|-
| '''man'''&lt;br&gt;''light'' 
|-
| '''maz'''&lt;br&gt;''shine''
|-
| '''mon'''&lt;br&gt;''shade'' 
|-
| '''moz'''&lt;br&gt;''dark''
|}
   |
{|  class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! n- &lt;br&gt;commerce
|-
| '''naz'''&lt;br&gt;''value'' 
|-
| '''nas'''&lt;br&gt;''money'' 
|-
| '''nax'''&lt;br&gt;''price''
|-
| '''nyaz'''&lt;br&gt;''wealth''
|-
| '''nyan'''&lt;br&gt;''stack'' 
|-
| '''nox'''&lt;br&gt;''expense''
|-
| '''nyox'''&lt;br&gt;''waste''
|-
| '''nex'''&lt;br&gt;''saving'' 
|-
| '''nyex'''&lt;br&gt;''storing'' 
|-
| '''nix'''&lt;br&gt;''earning'' 
|-
| '''nyix'''&lt;br&gt;''order'' 
|-
| '''nux'''&lt;br&gt;''pay''
|-
| '''nyux'''&lt;br&gt;''supply''
|-
| '''nun'''&lt;br&gt;''merchandise''
|-
| '''nyun'''&lt;br&gt;''product''
|-
| '''nuz'''&lt;br&gt;''jewel''
|-
| '''nem'''&lt;br&gt;''location''
|-
| '''nyem'''&lt;br&gt;''place''
|-
| '''nyeb'''&lt;br&gt;''box''
|-
| '''nab'''&lt;br&gt;''row''
|-
| '''nap'''&lt;br&gt;''order''
|-
| '''nad'''&lt;br&gt;''line''
|-
| '''nod'''&lt;br&gt;''point''
|-
| '''ned'''&lt;br&gt;''plane''
|-
| '''nyed'''&lt;br&gt;''grid''
|-
| '''nyad'''&lt;br&gt;''chain''
|-
| '''nid'''&lt;br&gt;''volume''
|-
| '''nag'''&lt;br&gt;''measure''
|-
| '''nak'''&lt;br&gt;''metric value''
|-
| '''nog'''&lt;br&gt;''degree''
|-
| '''nig'''&lt;br&gt;''space''
|}
    |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! j- &lt;br&gt;time
|-
| '''jag'''&lt;br&gt;''age''
|-
| '''jud'''&lt;br&gt;''date''
|-
| '''jod'''&lt;br&gt;''instance''
|-
| '''jop'''&lt;br&gt;''sequence''
|-
| '''jep'''&lt;br&gt;''process''
|-
| '''jwap'''&lt;br&gt;''moment''
|-
| '''jwep'''&lt;br&gt;''instant''
|}
   |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! s- &lt;br&gt;thing
|-
| '''sag'''&lt;br&gt;''number''
|-
| '''saz'''&lt;br&gt;''sculpture''
|-
| '''san'''&lt;br&gt;''form''
|-
| '''saun'''&lt;br&gt;''kind''
|-
| '''son'''&lt;br&gt;''matter (abstract)'' 
|-
| '''sin'''&lt;br&gt;''image'' 
|-
| '''siz'''&lt;br&gt;''painting''
|-
| '''sun'''&lt;br&gt;''thing (concrete)''
|-
| '''syan'''&lt;br&gt;''class''
|-
| '''syen'''&lt;br&gt;''style''
|-
| '''syin'''&lt;br&gt;''subject'' 
|-
| '''syun'''&lt;br&gt;''object''
|-
| '''sar'''&lt;br&gt;''instrument''
|-
| '''sir'''&lt;br&gt;''machine'' 
|-
| '''sor'''&lt;br&gt;''engine''
|-
| '''sur'''&lt;br&gt;''motor''
|}
   |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! t- &lt;br&gt;human / knowledge
|-
| '''taz'''&lt;br&gt;''statue'' 
|-
| '''tap'''&lt;br&gt;''physique''
|-
| '''tep'''&lt;br&gt;''mind''
|-
| '''top'''&lt;br&gt;''spirit''
|-
| '''tuz'''&lt;br&gt;''art'' 
|-
| '''toz'''&lt;br&gt;''skin color''
|-
| '''tez'''&lt;br&gt;''culture''
|-
| '''tyez'''&lt;br&gt;''magic''
|-
| '''tin'''&lt;br&gt;''doctrine''
|-
| '''tun'''&lt;br&gt;''science''
|-
| '''tyan'''&lt;br&gt;''class''
|-
| '''tyen'''&lt;br&gt;''skill'' 
|-
| '''tyun'''&lt;br&gt;''idea''
|-
| '''tos'''&lt;br&gt;''sensation''
|-
| '''tes'''&lt;br&gt;''meaning''
|-
| '''tot'''&lt;br&gt;''god''
|-
| '''tat'''&lt;br&gt;''angel''
|}
|}

=== The Meaning of Group 2 Base Words ===
:: The meaning of Group 2 base word stems comes from the combination of the values of the classifier consonant and the ordinal (stem) vowel. The stem does not include adjectival ('''-a'''), adverbial ('''-ay'''), and verbal inflections ('''-er''', '''-ser''', '''-xer''', etc.), which are shown in a smaller typeface after the stem.

:: The ordinal (stem vowel) holds oppositional values like positive, intermediary, and negative.

:: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Stems of Group 2 Base Words
|-
! Classifier Consonant !! Positive !! Intermediate !! Negative !! Positive !! Negative
|-
! rowspan=4|'''j''' &lt;br&gt;(''time'')
| '''ja'''&lt;br&gt;''before'' || '''je'''&lt;br&gt;''during'' || '''jo'''&lt;br&gt;''after''||'''ji'''&lt;br&gt;''since'' || '''ju'''&lt;br&gt;''until''
|-
| '''aj'''&lt;br&gt;''past'' || '''ej'''&lt;br&gt;''present'' || '''oj'''&lt;br&gt;''future'' || '''ij&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''beginning/begin'' || '''uj/&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''end/end''
|-
| '''taj&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''birth/to be born'' || '''tej&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''life/to live'' || '''toj&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''death/to die'' || '''tij&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''awake state/to be awake'' || '''tuj&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''sleep/to sleep''
|-
| '''jwa'''&lt;br&gt;''early'' || '''jwe'''&lt;br&gt;''on time'' || '''jwo'''&lt;br&gt;''late'' || '''yij&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''opening/open'' || '''yuj&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''closing/closed''
|-
!rowspan=4| '''g'''&lt;br&gt;(''measurement'') 
| '''ga'''&lt;br&gt;''more'' || '''ge'''&lt;br&gt;''equal'' || '''go'''&lt;br&gt;''less''|| '''gi'''&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''point'' || '''gu'''&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''angle''
|-
| '''ag'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''big'' || '''eg&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''normal'' || '''og'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''small'' || '''ig'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fast'' || '''ug'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''slow''
|-
| '''yag'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''long'' || '''yeg'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''normal'' || '''yog'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''short'' || '''yig'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''hard'' || '''yug'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''soft''
|-
| '''gya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''thick'' || '''gye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''enough'' || '''gyo-'''&lt;br&gt;''thin'' || '''gyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''solid'' || '''gyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fragile''
|-
!rowspan=4| '''k'''&lt;br&gt;(''randomness'')
| '''ka'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''find'' || '''ke'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''seek'' || '''ko'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''hide'' || '''ki'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''oblique''|| '''ku'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''lateral''
|-
| '''ak'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''win'' || '''ek'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''play'' || '''ok'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''lose'' || '''ik'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''full'' || '''uk'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''empty''
|-
| '''yak'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''expect'' || '''yek'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''try'' || '''yok'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''suprise'' || '''yik'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''difficult'' || '''yuk'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''easy''
|-
| '''kya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''mobile'' || '''kye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''haphazard'' || '''kyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fixed'' ||'''kyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''heavy'' || '''kyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''light''
|-
! '''m'''&lt;br&gt;(''nature'') 
| '''am'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''hot'' || -- || '''om'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''cold'' || '''im'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''wet'' || '''um'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''dry''
|-
! rowspan=4|'''f'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''want'', qualities) 
|  ||  ||  || '''fi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''good'' || '''fu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''bad''
|-
| '''fya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''holy'' || '''fye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''mythical'' || '''fyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''profane''|| '''fyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''useful'' || '''fyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''harmful''
|-
| '''yaf'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''be able'' || '''yef'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''must''|| '''yof'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''cannot'' || '''yif'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''dare'' || '''yuf'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fear''
|-
| '''af'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''may'' || '''ef'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''need'' || '''of'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''be prohibited'' || '''if'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''love'' || '''uf'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''hate''
|-
!rowspan=6| '''v'''&lt;br&gt;(''truth, qualities'' )
| '''va'''&lt;br&gt;''yes'' || '''ve'''&lt;br&gt;''maybe'' || '''vo'''&lt;br&gt;''no''|| '''vi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''beautiful'' || '''vu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''ugly'' 
|-
| '''vay'''&lt;br&gt;''really''||'''vey'''&lt;br&gt;''may''||'''voy'''&lt;br&gt;''not'' || ||
|-
| '''av'''&lt;br&gt;''for'' || '''ev'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''neutral'' || '''ov'''&lt;br&gt;''against''|| '''iv'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''happy'' || '''uv'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''sad'' 
|-
| '''vya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''true'' || '''vye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''relative'' || '''vyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''false''|| '''vyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''clean'' || '''vyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''dirty''
|-
| '''yav'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''innocent'' || '''yev'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fair'' || '''yov'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''guilty''|| '''yiv'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''free'' || '''yuv'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''captive''
|-
| '''van'''&lt;br&gt;''that'' || '''ven'''&lt;br&gt;''if'' || '''von'''&lt;br&gt;''lest''|| ||
|-
! rowspan=5|'''z'''&lt;br&gt;(spatial) 
| '''za'''&lt;br&gt;''in front of'' || '''ze'''&lt;br&gt;''in the middle of'' || '''zo'''&lt;br&gt;''in back of''|| '''zi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''right'' || '''zu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''left''
|-
| '''zay'''&lt;br&gt;''ahead'' || '''zey'''&lt;br&gt;''across'' || '''zoy'''&lt;br&gt;''back, re-''||  || 
|-
| '''zya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''wide'' || '''zye'''&lt;br&gt;''through'' || '''zyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''narrow''||'''zyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''flat'' || '''zyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''round''
|-
| '''az'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''strong'' || '''ez'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''moderate'' || '''oz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''weak''|| '''iz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''straight'' || '''uz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''curved''
|-
| '''yaz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''convex'' || '''yez'''&lt;br&gt;''along'' || '''yoz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''concave'' || '''yiz'''&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''beyond'' || '''yuz'''&lt;br&gt;''around''
|-
! rowspan=4|'''b-'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''put'') 
| '''ba'''&lt;sup&gt;y&lt;/sup&gt;/(&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br&gt;''with, (agitate)'' || '''be'''&lt;sup&gt;y&lt;/sup&gt;/(&lt;sup&gt;(xer)&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br&gt;''at/by, (hold)'' || '''bo'''&lt;sup&gt;y&lt;/sup&gt;(&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br&gt;''without/(calm)''|| '''bi&lt;sup&gt;(er/xer)&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''from, (take/pull)'' || '''bu'''&lt;sup&gt;(er/xer)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''to, (give/push)''
|-
| '''ab'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''on,(put on)'' || '''eb'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''between,(block)'' || '''ob'''(&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br&gt;''off,(take off)'' || '''ib'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''away,(receive)'' || '''ub'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''toward,(send)''
|-
| '''bya'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''stand/erect'' || '''bye'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''tap'' || '''byo'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''hang/hang''|| '''byi'''&lt;sup&gt;(ser)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''since,(originate)'' || '''byu'''&lt;sup&gt;(ser/xer)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''up to,(contact/touch)''
|-
| '''yab'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''up,(raise)'' || '''yeb'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''in,(put in)''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeb'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''out,(take out)'' || '''yob'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''down,(lower)''|| '''yib'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''far,(remove)'' || '''yub'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''near,(bring)''
|-
! rowspan=4|'''p'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''go'') 
| '''pa'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''move/move'' || '''pe'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''wait/trap'' || '''po'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''stop/stop''|| '''pi'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''leave/withdraw/catch'' || '''pu'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''arrive/jump/throw''
|-
| '''pya'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''hover/jump up/launch'' || '''pye'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''encounter/strike'' || '''pyo'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fall/drop''|| '''pyi'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''emanate/derive'' || '''pyu'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''reach/impact''
|-
| '''yap'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''rise'' || '''yep'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''enter'' || '''yop'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''descend''|| '''yip'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''go far'' || '''yup'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''approach''
|-
| '''ap'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''get on'' || '''ep'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''intervene'' || '''op'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''get off'' || '''ip'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''go away'' ||'''up'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''come''
|- 
!rowspan=2| '''s'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''be'')
| '''sa'''&lt;sup&gt;n/s/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''shape/evolve/make'' ||'''se'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''build'' || '''so'''&lt;sup&gt;n/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''matter/destroy''|| '''si'''&lt;sup&gt;n/yn&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''image/sign'' || '''su'''&lt;sup&gt;n/er/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''thing/provide/realize''
|-
| '''as'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''become'' || '''es'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''exist'' || '''os'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''cease to be'' ||  || 
|-
! rowspan=3|'''x'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''do'' )
| '''xa'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''execute'' || '''xe'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''practice'' || '''xo'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fail'' || '''xi'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''undertake'' || '''xu'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''provoke''
|-
|'''ax'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''act'' || '''ex'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''function'' || '''ox'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''abstain'' || '''ix'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''effect'' || '''ux'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''cause''
|-
| '''yax'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''be busy'' || '''yex'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''work'' || '''yox'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''be idle'' || '''yix'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''use'' || '''yux'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''help''
|-
! '''t'''&lt;sup&gt;er/rer/yer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''know/recognize/know how'') 
| '''ta'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''remember'' || '''te'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''think'' || '''to'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''forget'' || '''ti'''&lt;sup&gt;er/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''learn/study''&lt;br&gt;'''tri'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''get to know''&lt;br&gt;'''tyi'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''learn how'' || '''tu'''&lt;sup&gt;er/xer/uxer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''inform/teach/raise''&lt;br&gt;'''tru'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''familiarize''&lt;br&gt;'''tyu'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''train''
|-
! '''d'''&lt;sup&gt;er/rer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''say/write'') 
| '''da'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''talk'' || '''de'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''state''&lt;br&gt;'''dye'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''read'' || '''do'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''be silent''&lt;br&gt;'''dro'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''erase'' || '''di'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ler/rer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''ask/beg/require'' || '''du'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ler/rer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''suggest/insist/demand''&lt;br&gt;'''dyu'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''call''
|-
! rowspan=2|'''h-'''&lt;br&gt;(determiners) 
| '''ha'''&lt;sup&gt;(a)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''the'' || '''he'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''some'' || '''ho'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''which'' || '''hi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''this'' || '''hu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''that''
|-
| '''hya'''&lt;sup&gt;(a)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''all'' || '''hye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''any'' || '''hyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''no'' || '''hyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''same'' || '''hyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''other''
|-
! rowspan=2| (conjunctions) 
|'''ay'''&lt;br&gt;''and'' || '''ey'''&lt;br&gt;''or'' || '''oy'''&lt;br&gt;''but'' || ||
|-
|'''ya'''&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''together'' || ||'''yo'''&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''apart''|| ||
|- 
! rowspan=2| (numbers) 
| '''a'''&lt;br&gt;''one''|| '''e'''&lt;br&gt;''two''|| '''o'''&lt;br&gt;''zero''|| '''i'''&lt;br&gt;''three''|| '''u'''&lt;br&gt;''four''
|- 
| '''ya'''&lt;br&gt;''six''|| '''ye'''&lt;br&gt;''seven''|| '''yo'''&lt;br&gt;''five''|| '''yi'''&lt;br&gt;''eight''|| '''yu'''&lt;br&gt;''nine''
|-
! rowspan=1| (privatives) 
| || || '''lo-''' (''dis-/un-'')&lt;br&gt;'''lyo-''' (''dis-'')&lt;br&gt;'''oy-''' (''-less'')|| ||
|}

:: &lt;small&gt;* Mixed root.  '''taj/tej/toj''' instead of '''yaj/yej/yoj''', because the human letter root '''t''' is more intuitive.&lt;/small&gt;

:: Note: The opposition '''(y)a'''-'''(y)e'''-'''(y)o''' is a three-way opposition with an intermediary sense, but '''(y)i-(y)u''' is two-way, without any intermediary sense.

== Derived Word Formation Rules ==
: Derived words are formed in accordance with certain simple rules of word-building:

: These consist of the following rules:

::# Compounding
::# Affixation
::# Ordinal Vowel Scaling
::# Overlapping
::# Adding Ordinal Vowels
::# Swapping Generic Consonants
::# Marking Words for Gender
::# Deriving Words with Geo-specific Vowels
::# Deriving Words with Directional and Positional Vowels
::# Deriving Words with a Mnemonic Pattern
::# Deriving Nuanced Words Phonetically

=== Rule #1: Compounding ===
[[File:Compound 6 (maraviroc development).svg|thumb|]]
: Compound words are obtained through the combination of two or more whole words or stub words.  In the combining process, the determining word is placed quite simply in front of the word it determines.  Compounds consist mainly of noun + noun, but there can be other part-of-speech combinations.

: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Compounding
|-
! Component 1 !! Component 2 !! Compound
|-
| '''mor'''....''cosmos'' || '''tun'''....''science, -ology'' || '''mortun'''....''cosmology''
|-
| '''mag'''....''fire'' || '''memyaz'''....''mountain'' || '''magmemyaz'''....''volcano''
|-
| '''dob'''....''state'' || '''mem'''....''land'' || '''dobmem'''....''territory''
|-
| '''tul'''....''dish'' || '''dras'''....''something written'' || '''tuldras'''....''menu''
|-
| '''sin'''....''picture'' || '''dras'''....''something written'' || '''sindras'''....''description''
|-
| '''tam'''....''house'' || '''kyoxer'''....''to fix (in place)'' || '''tamkyoxer'''....''to settle''
|-
| '''tax'''....''memory'' || '''drer'''....''to write'' || '''taxdrer'''....''to record''
|-
| '''kyo-'''....''fixed'' || '''tep-'''....''mind'' || '''kyotepa'''....''stubborn''
|}
: Sometimes, the first element can be a stub of a whole word, i.e. the word with the final consonant dropped.  The word for ''rain'', for example, is '''ma(m)''' (''sky'') + '''mil''' (''water''), where the final consonant of the first word is dropped, thus, '''mamil'''.

: When compounding an adjective with a noun, if the adjective begins with a vowel, often it will be suffixed to the noun, otherwise prefixed, (but this is not a strict rule), eg:
:* '''uzra'''....''twisted'' + '''tep'''....''mind'' ---&gt; '''tepuzra'''....''crazy''
:* '''kyoa'''....''fixed'' + '''tep'''....''mind'' ----&gt; '''kyotepa'''....''stubborn, obsessed''
:* '''aza'''....''strong'' + '''tep'''....''mind'' ----&gt; '''tepaza'''....''intelligent''
:* '''fua'''....''bad'' + '''tip'''....''mood'' ----&gt; '''futipa'''....''cross, ill-tempered''
:* '''aga'''....''big'' + '''tip'''....''mood'' ----&gt; '''tipaga'''....''magnanimous, generous''

=== Rule #2: Affixation ===
[[File:Word Cloud of Various Prefixes.png|thumb|]]
: Most adverbs and prepositions can be used as prefixes:
==== Prefixes ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Adverbs and Prepositions as Prefixes
|-
! Prefix !! Base !! Compound
|-
| '''ja'''....''before'' ||'''per'''....''to go'' || '''japer'''....''to precede''
|-
| '''jo'''....''after'' ||'''per'''....''to go'' || '''joper'''....''to follow''
|-
| '''va'''....''yes'' ||'''der'''....''to say'' || '''vader'''....''to affirm''
|-
| '''jo'''....''after'' ||'''dras'''....''something written'' || '''jodras'''....''postscript''
|-
| '''za'''....''ahead'' ||'''jub'''....''day'' || '''zajub'''....''tomorrow''
|-
| '''yon'''....''apart'' ||'''mel'''....''land'' || '''yonmel'''....''island''
|}
: Prepositional prefixes ending in '''b''' with verbs '''per''' and '''ber''' (and their derivations) lose the '''b''' before verbal elements based on '''per''' (''go'') and '''ber''' (''put''), as shown in the following chart:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Assimilation of b and p
|-
! Prefix !! Base Verb !! New Verb
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''ber'''....''put'' || '''yaber'''....''raise'' (NOT: '''yabber''')
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''yaper'''....''rise'' (NOT: '''yabper''')
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''ber'''....''put'' || '''aber'''....''put on, apply''
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''aper'''....''get on, mount''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''ber'''....''put'' || '''yober'''....''take down''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''yoper'''....''descend''
|-
| '''ob'''....''off'' || '''ber'''....''put'' || '''ober'''....''take off, remove''
|-
| '''ob'''....''on'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''oper'''....''get off, dismount''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''bux'''....''a push'' || '''yebux'''....''impulse''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''pyoser'''....''fall'' || '''yepyoser'''....''collapse''
|}

: The loss of the '''b''' in the above words in one of the only cases of '''''fusion''''' in Mirad's grammar.  Mirad is by and large an agglutinative language where building-blocks are juxtaposed with no change of form.  Another case of fusion is when so-called '''''stubs''''' are combined.  For example, '''doyijem''' (''public square''), which is composed of '''do(m)'''....''city'' + '''yij(a)'''....''open'' + '''(n)em'''....''place''.  The morphemes (= building-block words) of Mirad always have one and only one meaning, unlike in English where the prefix '''a-''' can have many different meanings.

: The adjective ending '''a''' is often dropped&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, as is the '''er''' or prefixes taken from verbs.  Longish noun prefixes are sometimes clipped, so that '''tyoyab''' becomes '''tyoya-'''.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Prefixes Built on Words and Word Stubs
|-
! Prefix !! Base Verb !! Compound Verb
|-
| '''oza'''....''weak'' || '''der'''....''say'' || '''ozder'''....''whisper''
|-
| '''yaga'''....''long'' || '''der'''....''say'' || '''yagder'''....''ramble''
|-
| '''aja'''....''past'' || '''der'''....''say'' || '''ajder'''....''evoke''
|-
| '''yoga'''....''short'' || '''der'''....''say'' || '''yogder'''....''summarize''
|-
| '''tyoyab'''....''foot'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''tyoyaper'''....''walk''
|-
| '''dreer'''....''write'' || '''sar'''....''tool'' || '''dresar'''....''pencil''
|-
| '''tuyob'''....''hand'' || '''dren'''....''writing'' || '''tuyodren'''....''manuscript''
|-
| '''mam'''....''sky'' || '''mil'''....''water'' || '''mamil'''....''rain''
|}
: &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;: Sometimes, the adjective ending '''a''' is retained when an adjective is compounded with '''xer''' or '''ser'''.  This device may be used to distinguished two differently nuanced verbs.  For example, '''aga''' + '''xer''' can produce '''agaxer'''....''to magnify'' or '''agxer'''....''to grow''.  Usually, the compound where the adjective suffix has been eclipsed has the more idiomatic meaning.&lt;/small&gt;

==== Most Common Mirad Prefixes ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable collapsable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Common Prefixes
|-
! Prefix !! Examples
|-
|'''a(n)-'''....''uni-, one-, mono-''||'''anzyukpar'''....''unicycle''&lt;br&gt; '''antotin'''....''monotheism''&lt;br&gt;'''adeb'''....''emperor''
|-
|'''aa-'''....''arch-, first-, prime''||'''aadub'''....''prime minister''&lt;br&gt;'''aatat'''....''archangel''&lt;br&gt;'''aavyan'''....''principle''&lt;br&gt;'''aasaun'''....''prototype''
|-
|'''aag-'''....''arch-, main, macro-''||'''aagmep'''....''highway''&lt;br&gt; '''aagdovyab'''....''constitution''&lt;br&gt; '''aagovekut'''....''archrival''
|-
|'''aaj-'''....''paleo-, proto-''||'''aajtobtun'''....''paleoanthropology''&lt;br&gt; '''aajsiyn'''....''fossil''
|-
|'''ab-'''....''ad-, top, on, epi-''||'''abtob'''....''superman''&lt;br&gt; '''abtim'''....''attic''&lt;br&gt; '''abzen'''....''epicenter''
|-
|'''aj-'''....''former, ex-'' || '''ajtayd'''....''ex-wife''&lt;br&gt;'''ajdeb'''....''former leader''
|-
|'''ayb-'''....''over-, super-, hyper-, sur-''||'''aybmep'''....''overpass''&lt;br&gt;'''aybdresin'''....''superscript''&lt;br&gt;'''aybdyun'''....''hypernym''
|-
|'''ag-'''....''mega(lo)-'' || '''agvyotos'''....''megalomania''&lt;br&gt;'''agtoj'''....''megadeath''
|-
|'''alo(n)-'''....''deca-, ten-''||'''alojaga'''....''ten years old''&lt;br&gt; '''alojab'''....''decade''&lt;br&gt; '''alonsuna'''....''decimal''
|-
|'''aloy(n)-'''....''deci-, tenth-''||'''aloynux'''....''tithe''&lt;br&gt; '''aloyngoler'''....''decimate''
|-
|'''am-'''....''thermo-''||'''amzemula'''....''thermonuclear''&lt;br&gt; '''amvyabxar'''....''thermostat''
|-
|'''amlo(n)-'''....''mega-''||'''amloagvunak'''....''megavolt''&lt;br&gt; '''amlotoj'''....''megadeath''
|-
|'''amloyn-'''....''micro-''||'''amloynjweb'''....''microsecond''
|-
|'''anyen-'''....''idio-''||'''anyenboka'''....''idiopathic''&lt;br&gt; '''anyendyan'''....''idiom''&lt;br&gt; '''anyentepa'''....''idiotic''
|-
|'''ao(b/p)-'''....''north-south, up-down, vertical, vertically, y-axis''||'''aonab'''....''column'', ''x-y-axis''&lt;br&gt; '''aopuys yuzpar'''....''hop-on-hop-off bus''&lt;br&gt; '''aonada'''....''vertical''
|-
|'''aoye(b/p)-'''....''in-and-out''||'''aoyebar'''....''piston''&lt;br&gt; '''aoyebelen'''....''import-exports''&lt;br&gt; '''aoyepaper'''....''fly in and out''
|-
|'''aro(n)-'''....''kilo-''||'''aronminak'''....''kilometer''&lt;br&gt; '''arobanak'''....''kilobit''
|-
|'''aroyn-'''....''milli-''||'''aroynvunak'''....''millivolt''&lt;br&gt; '''aoynwunak'''....''milliwatt''
|-
|'''(a)so(n)'''....''cent-''||'''asojagat'''....''centenarian''&lt;br&gt; '''asolinak'''....''hectoliter''&lt;br&gt; '''sojab'''....''century''
|-
|'''asoy(n)-'''....''cent-, centi-''||'''asoygenak'''....''centigram''&lt;br&gt; '''asoylinak'''....''centiliter''
|-
|'''av-'''....''pro-''||'''avYanotina'''....''pro-Communist''
|-
|'''ayn-'''....''full-, holo-, whole-''||'''aynnuut'''....''wholesaler''&lt;br&gt; '''aynsin'''....''hologram''&lt;br&gt; '''aynteptija'''....''fully-conscious''
|-
|'''e(b/p)-'''....''inter-''||'''ebmos'''....''mezzanine''&lt;br&gt; '''ebyanmulxer'''....''intermingle''&lt;br&gt; '''eper'''....''intercede''
|-
|'''ejna-'''....''neo-''||'''ejnadun'''....''neologism''&lt;br&gt; '''ejnaobdabin'''....''neocolonialism''
|-
|'''e(n)-'''....''ambi-, bi-, di-, duo-, two-''||'''entyoba'''....''bipedal''&lt;br&gt; '''enzyuspar'''....''bicycle''&lt;br&gt; '''envolza'''....''dichromatic''
|-
|'''eon-'''....''duo-, double-, twin-''||'''eonin'''....''dualism''&lt;br&gt; '''eondal'''....''double-speak''&lt;br&gt; '''eonsum'''....''twin bed''
|-
|'''ev-'''....''a-, neutral'' ||'''evdofina'''....''amoral''&lt;br&gt;'''evdabtuna'''....''apolitical''
|-
|'''ey(b/p)-'''....''intra-, among''||'''eybmasa'''....''intramural''&lt;br&gt; '''eybmimkuma'''....''intracoastal''
|-
|'''eyn-'''....''demi-, half-, hemi-, mixed-, pen-, quasi-, semi-''||'''eynzyus'''....''semi-circle''&lt;br&gt; '''eynzyup'''....''half-turn''&lt;br&gt; '''eyntilsyeb'''....''demitassee''&lt;br&gt; '''eynyonmel'''....''peninsula''
|-
|'''fi-'''....''bene-, eu-, good-, nice-, well-''||'''fixut'''....''benefactor''&lt;br&gt; '''fidrawa'''....''well-written''&lt;br&gt; '''fitos'''...''euphoria''
|-
|'''fu-'''....''dys-, ill-, mal-, mis-, poorly-''||'''futos'''....''dysphoria''&lt;br&gt; '''futuwa'''....''ill-informed''&lt;br&gt; '''fuxeyn'''....''malfeasance''
|-
|'''fya-'''....''hiero-, holy-, sancti-''||'''fyasdresiyn'''....''hieroglyphic''&lt;br&gt; '''fyader'''....''sanctify''&lt;br&gt; '''fyatwed'''....''holy father''
|-
|'''fye-'''....''mythical, fantasy''||'''fyetop'''....''phantom''&lt;br&gt; '''fyetobet'''....''elfin''&lt;br&gt; '''fyetexer'''...''fantacize''&lt;br&gt; '''fyedin'''....''fantasy''
|-
|'''fyo-'''....''evil, profane'' ||'''fyotez'''....''occult''&lt;br&gt;'''fyotat'''....''devil''&lt;br&gt;'''fyotyez'''....''witchcraft''
|-
|'''gaw-'''....''re-, again'' || '''gawteaper'''....''revisit''&lt;br&gt; '''gawaker'''....''regain''
|-
|'''garale-'''....''tera-''||'''garaleagbanak'''....''terabyte''
|-
|'''garalyi-'''....''exa-''||'''garalyibanak'''....''exabit''
|-
|'''garalyo-'''....''peta-''||'''galayoagbanak'''....''petabyte''
|-
|'''garela-'''....''zetta-''||'''garelaagbanak'''....''zettabyte''
|-
|'''garelu-'''....''yotta-''||'''gareluagbanak'''....''yottabyte''
|-
|'''ge-'''....''equal to, equi-, even-''||'''geyafwa'''....''equipollent''&lt;br&gt; '''genaza'''....''equivalent''
|-
|'''gel-'''....''homo-, like-, simul-''||'''gelzena'''....''homocentric''&lt;br&gt; '''gelvolza'''....''homochromatic''
|-
|'''geyl-'''....''simul-''||'''geyldyan'''....''simile''&lt;br&gt; '''geylxer'''....''assimilate''
|-
|'''gla-'''....''many-, multi-, poly-''||'''glatyenika'''....''multi-skilled''&lt;br&gt; '''glatwada'''....''polyandrous''&lt;br&gt; '''glavolza'''....''many-hued''
|-
|'''glo-'''....''mini-, little-, few-''||'''gloduna'''....''succint, of few words''&lt;br&gt; '''glonixea'''....''low-earning''
|-
|'''gorale-'''....''pico-''||'''goraleagfenak'''....''picofarad''
|-
|'''goralyi-'''....''atto-''||'''goralyigenak'''....''attogram''
|-
|'''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||'''goralyoon'''....''quadrillionth''
|-
|'''goralyu-'''....''nano-''||'''goralyusonak'''....''nanosecond''
|-
|'''gorela-'''....''zepto-''||'''gorelagenak'''....''zeptogram''
|-
|'''gorelu-'''....''yocto-''||'''gorelugenak'''....''yoctogram''
|-
|'''gra-'''....''extra-, hyper-, over-, ultra-''||'''gratosea'''....''hypersensitive''&lt;br&gt; '''grazoyaxler'''....''overreact''&lt;br&gt; '''granoxea'''....''extravagant''
|-
|'''gro-'''....''hypo-, under-''||'''groyixlawa'''....''underemployed''&lt;br&gt; '''groaman'''....''hypothermia''
|-
|'''gwa-'''....''hyper-, maxi-, -most, pleisto-, uber-, ultra-, pure, macro-''||'''gwayelza'''....''pure pink''&lt;br&gt; '''gwayafa'''....''supreme''&lt;br&gt; '''gwauja'''....''ultimate''&lt;br&gt; '''gwazoa'''....''hindmost''
|-
|'''gwo-'''....''least-, mini-, micro-''||'''gwosag'''....''minimum''&lt;br&gt; '''gwoyuzpur'''....''minibus''&lt;br&gt;'''gwoexlus'''....''microprocessor''
|-
|'''hi-'''....''hither, these, this''||'''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt; '''hisi'''....''these''&lt;br&gt; '''him'''....''here''
|-
|'''hya(s)-'''....''pan(to)-, omni-, all-, every-''||'''hyas'''....''everything''&lt;br&gt; '''hyati'''....''all of them''&lt;br&gt; '''hyastea'''....''omniscient''&lt;br&gt; '''hyataadifa'''....''pansexual'' 
|-
|'''hu-'''....''that''||'''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt; '''huj'''....''then''&lt;br&gt; '''huyen'''...''that way''
|-
|'''huim-'''....''here-and-there, here-and-yon''||'''huimkexer'''....''search high and low''&lt;br&gt; '''huimpaper'''....''fly here and there''&lt;br&gt; '''hyuimpoper'''....''travel here-and-there''
|-
|'''huu-'''....''so, such''||'''huugla'''....''so, so very''&lt;br&gt; '''hus'''....''such''&lt;br&gt; '''huyen'''....''in such a way, so, thus''
|-
|'''hyaewa-'''....''ambi-''||'''hyaewati'''....''both of them''&lt;br&gt; '''hyaewaziza'''....''ambidextrous''&lt;br&gt; '''hyaewatoobifa'''....''ambi-sexual''
|-
|'''hye-'''....''-ever, any, whatever, whichever''||'''hyem'''....''anywhere, wherever''&lt;br&gt; '''hyempea'''....''erratic''&lt;br&gt; '''hjej'''....''ever, anytime''
|-
|'''hyi-'''....''homo-, like-, same, syn-''||'''hyitoobifa'''....''homosexual''&lt;br&gt; '''hyis'''....''same thing''&lt;br&gt; '''hyijoba'''....''synchronous''
|-
|'''hyo(s)-'''....''nothing, a-'' || '''hyostosea'''....''apathetic''
|-
|'''hyu(t/s)-'''....''alter-, hetero-, other-, xeno-, else''||'''hyutoobifa'''....''heterosexual''&lt;br&gt; '''hyua'''....''another, alternate''&lt;br&gt; '''hyutufa'''....''xenophobic''&lt;br&gt; '''hyus'''....''something else''
|-
|'''hyui(t/s)-'''....''cross-, mutual, one thing and another, reciprocal''||'''hyuitvikaxen'''....''mutual admiration''&lt;br&gt; '''hyuixer'''....''reciprocate''&lt;br&gt; '''hyuisa'''....''mutual, reciprocal''&lt;br&gt; '''hyuitif'''....''mutual love''
|-
|'''i-'''....''toward the speaker''||'''iber'''....''receive''&lt;br&gt;'''ixer'''....''result''
|-
|'''ik-'''....''fully, thoroughly''||'''iktoxer'''....''forget completely''&lt;br&gt; '''iktos'''....''satisfaction''&lt;br&gt; '''ikyebixer'''....''engulf, swallow up completely''
|-
|'''in-'''....''three-, tri-, tripl-, tern-''||'''inzyuspar'''....''tricycle''&lt;br&gt; '''inaga'''....''three-dimensional''&lt;br&gt; '''injiba'''....''trimensual''&lt;br&gt; '''insuna'''....''ternary''&lt;br&gt; '''intotan'''....''trinity''
|-
|'''iyn-'''....''terci-, third''||'''iyna'''....''terciary''&lt;br&gt; '''iynxer'''....''cut into thirds''
|-
|'''iz-'''....''ortho-, recti-, right-, straight-''||'''iznada'''....''rectilinear''&lt;br&gt; '''izguna'''....''orthogonal''&lt;br&gt; '''iztin'''....''orthdoxy''&lt;br&gt; '''izdea'''....''forthright''
|-
|'''ja-'''....''ante-, fore-, pre-''||'''jaupya'''....''foregone''&lt;br&gt; '''jauper'''....''precede''&lt;br&gt; '''jadropeka'''....''antebellum''
|-
|'''je-'''....''per-, continuously, ever-''||'''jetejer'''....''persevere''&lt;br&gt;'''jeteaxer'''....''watch''&lt;br&gt;'''jexrer'''....''perpetuate''
|-
|'''jo-'''....''after-, meta-, post-''||'''joexlen'''....''postprocessing''&lt;br&gt; '''jomir'''....''metasphere''&lt;br&gt; '''jotej'''....''afterlife''
|-
|'''jwa-'''....''early-, eo-, preter-, proto-''||'''jwaber'''....''prepare''&lt;br&gt; '''jwatuun'''....''premonition''&lt;br&gt; '''jwadodin'''....''early history, protohistory''&lt;br&gt; '''jwamola'''....''preternatural''&lt;br&gt; '''jwajoeb'''....''eocene''
|-
|'''jwo-'''....''ceno-, late-, latter-, tard-''||'''jwonux'''....''late payment''&lt;br&gt; '''jwoa'''....''tardy''&lt;br&gt; '''jwoteja'''....''cenozoic''
|-
|'''ko-'''....''cover-, hidden, secret-, stealth-''||'''koa'''....''covert''&lt;br&gt; '''koexut'''....''spy''&lt;br&gt; '''koyeper'''....''sneak in''
|-
|'''(ko)vyo-'''....''pseudo-, mis-, wrong-''||'''kovyotun'''....''pseudoscience''&lt;br&gt;'''vyobekuer'''....''to mistreat''
|-
|'''ku-'''....''para-''||'''kuifut'''....''paramour''&lt;br&gt; '''kuteliut'''....''parasite''&lt;br&gt; '''kuteptun'''....''parapsychology''
|-
|'''kya-'''....''alternate, dia-, re-, trans-, vari-, cross-''||'''kyaember'''....''relocate''&lt;br&gt; '''kyajoba'''....''diachronic''&lt;br&gt; '''kyatajnad'''....''crossbreed''&lt;br&gt; '''kyatooba'''....''transgendered''&lt;br&gt; '''kyavolza'''....''variegated, motley''
|-
|'''kyao-'''....''falteringly, unsteadily''||'''kyaoper'''....''stagger''&lt;br&gt; '''kyaotexer'''....''vacillate''
|-
|'''kye-'''....''chance-, hap-, random-''||'''kyea'''....''haphazard''&lt;br&gt; '''kyebyus'''....''chance encounter''&lt;br&gt; '''kyeteater'''....''happen to see''&lt;br&gt; '''kyesauna'''....''of a random type''
|-
|'''kyo-'''....''fixed-, still-, stereo-, stat-''||'''kyosaun'''....''stereotype''&lt;br&gt; '''kyopa'''....''stable, static, stationary''&lt;br&gt; '''kyoson'''....''status''
|-
|'''lo-'''....''dis-, semantic reversing prefix, un-''||'''lozeb'''....''disequilibrium''&lt;br&gt; '''loyuvlaxer'''....''disengage''&lt;br&gt; '''loyuzyuber'''....''uncoil''&lt;br&gt; '''lomulvyusber'''....''decontaminate''
|-
|'''logel-'''....''hetero-, different-''||'''logelsauna'''....''heterogenous''&lt;br&gt;'''logelaxer'''....''differentiate''
|-
|'''maz-'''....''bright-''||'''mazteaba'''....''bright-eyed''
|-
|'''mial-'''....''hygro-, atmo-, vapori-''||'''mialama'''....''hygrothermal''&lt;br&gt;'''mialnagar'''....''atomometer, vaporimeter''
|-
|'''mil-'''....''aqua-, hydro-, water-''||'''milyexun'''....''aquaculture''&lt;br&gt; '''milmaka'''....''hydroelectric''&lt;br&gt; '''miltilsyeb'''....''water glass''
|-
|'''mul-'''....''hylo-, substance''||'''mulsana'''....''hylomorphic''
|-
|'''o(l)-'''....''a-, dis-, non-, un-, in-''||'''ovyilxwa'''....''unwashed''&lt;br&gt; '''omalza'''....''non-white''&lt;br&gt; '''ototina'''....''atheist''&lt;br&gt; '''otepzexea'''....''inattentive''
|-
|'''o(b/p)-'''....''de-, hypo-, off-, sub-, vice-''||'''oper'''....''get off''&lt;br&gt; '''obneg'''....''sublevel''&lt;br&gt; '''obxeb'''....''sous-chef, sub-officer''&lt;br&gt;'''obtyodeb'''....''vice-president''
|-
|'''oog-'''....''micro-'' || '''oogpob'''....''microorganism''
&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| '''oj-'''....''future'' || '''ojtayd'''....''bride, future wife''
|-
|'''gaw-'''....''re-'' ||'''gawder'''....''to repeat''&lt;br&gt;'''gawdyeer'''....''to re-read''
|-
|'''gwo-'''....''micro-, mini-'' || '''ogalmor'''....''microcosm''&lt;br&gt;'''ogalteaxer'''....''microscope''&lt;br&gt;'''gowaxer'''....''minimize''
|-
|'''of-'''....''prohibited'' ||'''ofbier'''....''steal''&lt;br&gt;'''ofbekul'''....''prohibited drug''&lt;br&gt;'''ofemkyoxer'''....''to squat''
|-
|'''ov-'''....''contra-, counter-, dis-, non-, the opposite of, un-''||'''ovalxer'''....''countervail''&lt;br&gt; '''ovper'''....''contravene''&lt;br&gt; '''ovkyin'''....''counterweight''&lt;br&gt; '''ovdat'''....''enemy''&lt;br&gt; '''olovmasbwa'''....''undefended''
|-
|'''oy-'''....''-less, a(n)-, without''||'''oytofa'''...''naked''&lt;br&gt; '''oyxer'''....''deprive''&lt;br&gt; '''oytosen'''....''apathy''&lt;br&gt; '''oyteupiba'''....''toothless''
|-
|'''oyb-'''....''hypo-, infra-, sub-, under-''||'''oybnadrer'''....''underline''&lt;br&gt; '''oybtomsan'''....''infrastructure''&lt;br&gt; '''oybseuxa'''....''subsonic''&lt;br&gt; '''oybtayoba'''....''hypodermic''
|-
|'''oyeb-'''....''ex-, extra-, out-''||'''oyebnad'''....''outline''&lt;br&gt; '''oyebyujber'''....''exclude''&lt;br&gt; '''oyebdoabuer'''....''extradite''
|-
|'''oyv-'''....''contra-, opposite, reverse''||'''oyvkuma'''...''opposite''&lt;br&gt; '''oyvder'''....''contradict''&lt;br&gt;'''oyvduer'''....''contraindicate''&lt;br&gt;'''oyvaxer'''....''reverse''
|-
|'''tayi(b)-'''....''neuro-, nerve''||'''tayibteptun'''....''neuropsychology''&lt;br&gt; '''tayibyok'''....''neuralgia''
|-
|'''teeb-'''....''auri-, oto-, ear-''||'''teebbekut'''....''aurist''&lt;br&gt; '''teeteiteyobtut'''....''otorhinolaryngologist''&lt;br&gt; '''teebyel'''....''earwax''
|-
|'''tee(s/x/t)-'''....''audio-, son-, phono-''||'''teesnagen'''....''audiography''&lt;br&gt; '''teestaxdras'''....''phonogram''&lt;br&gt; '''teestun'''....''audiology''&lt;br&gt; '''teexdras'''....''audiogram''&lt;br&gt; '''teetyofwa'''....''inaudible''
|-
|'''tei(b)-'''....''nasal, nose, rhino-, aroma-, olfact-, osmo-''||'''teibbok'''....''rhinitis''&lt;br&gt; '''teibyeg'''....''nostril''&lt;br&gt; '''teiz'''....''perfume''&lt;br&gt; '''teizuka'''....''aroma-free''&lt;br&gt; '''teityaf'''....''olfactory sense''
|-
|'''tiibil-'''....''blood-, hema-, hemato-, hemo-, sanguin-''||'''tiibililp'''....''hemorrhage''&lt;br&gt; '''tiibiliut'''....''bloodsucker''&lt;br&gt; '''tiibloker'''....''exsanguinate''&lt;br&gt; '''tiibiltun'''....''hematology''
|-
|'''tuj-'''....''hypno-, somni-, sopor-''||'''tujbek'''....''hyptotherapy''&lt;br&gt; '''tujbyea'''....''somniferous, soporific''
|-
|'''u(b/p)-'''....''toward''||'''uber'''....''send''&lt;br&gt;'''ubaer'''....''lean toward''
|-
|'''ui-'''....''horizontal, left-right, x-axis''||'''uinab'''....''row'', ''x-axis''&lt;br&gt; '''uinada'''....''horizontal''
|-
|'''uib-'''....''back-and-forth, toward-and-away, transmit-receive''||'''uibar'''....''transceiver''
|-
|'''uig-'''....''fast-and-slow''||'''uigpar'''....''scooter''
|-
|'''uij-'''....''begin-and-end, start-and-stop''||'''uijdaler'''....''stutter''
|-
|'''uip-'''....''come-and-go''||'''uipen'''....''traffic, coming and going''
|-
|'''uiz-'''....''straight-then-crooked''||'''uizbaser'''....''swagger''&lt;br&gt; '''uizdrer'''....''scribble''&lt;br&gt; '''uizpaser'''....''swerve''
|-
|'''u(n)-'''....''four-, quadri-, tetra-, quater-''||'''ungona'''....''quadripartite''&lt;br&gt; '''unnednid'''....''tetrahedron''&lt;br&gt; '''unsuna'''....''quaternary''
|-
|'''uyn-'''....''fourth-, quarti-''||'''uynxer'''....''quarter''&lt;br&gt; '''uynjab'''....''quarter (of a year)''
|-
|'''ut-'''....''auto-, self-, sui-, ego-''||'''utifon'''....''egoism''&lt;br&gt; '''utgober'''....''autodecrement''&lt;br&gt; '''utfuyix'''....''self-abuse''&lt;br&gt; '''uttujben'''....''suicide''
|-
|'''uz-'''....''crooked, di-''||'''uzper'''....''diverge''
|-
|'''va-'''....''yes''||'''vayovder'''....''convict''&lt;br&gt; '''vabier'''....''accept''&lt;br&gt; '''vatexer'''....''believe''
|-
|'''vao-'''....''yes-no''||'''vaoder'''....''decide''&lt;br&gt; '''vaodaler'''....''waffle''&lt;br&gt; '''vaonaza'''....''boolean''
|-
|'''vi-'''....''bell-, eu-, fine-, pulchri-''||'''vituzyan'''....''fine arts, beaux arts''&lt;br&gt; '''vidun'''....''euphemism''&lt;br&gt; '''vidrenyan'''....''literature, belles lettres''&lt;br&gt; '''visuana'''....''classic''
|-
|'''vo-'''....''non-, neg-''||'''voyafxer'''....''veto''&lt;br&gt; '''voxer'''....''negate''&lt;br&gt; '''voyovder'''....''acquit, declare not guilty''
|-
|'''vya-'''....''justi-, recti-, true-, reg-''||'''vyadin'''....''true story''&lt;br&gt; '''vyader'''....''avow''&lt;br&gt; '''vyamol'''....''essence''
|-
| '''vyao-'''....''right or wrong'' ||'''vyaoyek'''....''test''
|-
|'''vyak-'''....''ortho-, correct-''||'''vyakdred'''....''orthography''&lt;br&gt; '''vyakxer'''....''correct''
|-
|'''vyo-'''....''mis-, para-, wrong-''||'''vyoyufa'''....''paranoid''&lt;br&gt; '''vyoyux'''....''perfidy''&lt;br&gt; '''vyoyixer'''....''misuse''
|-
|'''ya-'''....''more than one, multi-''||'''yaota'''....''communal''
|-
|'''yab-'''....''hyper-, supra-, sur-, up-, upper-''||'''yabdom'''....''uptown''&lt;br&gt; '''yabdoneg'''....''upper class''&lt;br&gt; '''yabduzneg'''....''high pitch''&lt;br&gt; '''yabexer'''....''support''&lt;br&gt; '''yabzyobix'''....''hypertension''
|-
|'''yabnan-'''....''height-, hypso-, alti-''||'''yabnanagar'''....''hypsometer, altimeter''
|-
|'''yag-'''....''long-''||'''yagyiban'''....''long distance''&lt;br&gt; '''yagyeker'''....''strive''&lt;br&gt; '''yagblokea'''....''long-suffering''
|-
|'''yan-'''....''co(n)-, fellow-, -mate''||'''yanzena'''....''concentric''&lt;br&gt; '''yanyeker'''....''compete''&lt;br&gt; '''yandit'''....''fellow-citizen''
|-
|'''yao(b/p)-'''....''up-and-down''||'''yaopuyser'''....''skip''&lt;br&gt; '''yaopsim'''....''seesaw''&lt;br&gt; '''yaoblir'''....''elevator''&lt;br&gt; '''yaobaser'''....''bounce''
|-
|'''ya(on)-'''....''six-, hexa-, sex-''||'''yaonat'''....''sextet''&lt;br&gt; '''yaongun'''....''hexagon''&lt;br&gt; '''yaona'''....''six-fold, sextuple''&lt;br&gt;'''yagol'''....''sextile''
|-
|'''yaov-'''....''guilty-or-innocent''||'''yaovder'''....''adjudicate''&lt;br&gt; '''yaovdutyan'''....''jury''&lt;br&gt; '''yaovkader'''....''plead''&lt;br&gt; '''yaovyek'''....''trial''
|-
|'''yaoz-'''....''serrated, bumpy, jagged''||'''yaozaxer'''....''serrate''&lt;br&gt; '''yaozgoblar'''....''saw''&lt;br&gt; '''yaozper'''....''bump along''
|-
|'''yayb-'''....''supra-''||'''yaybdooba'''....''supranational''
|-
|'''yayn-'''....''sex-, sixth''||'''yayna'''...''sixth''
|-
|'''ye(on)-'''....''hept-, hepta-, septi-, seven-''||'''yejub'''....''week''&lt;br&gt; '''yeongun'''....''heptagon''&lt;br&gt; '''yeonat'''....''septuplet''
|-
|'''ye(b/p)-'''....''en-, endo-, in-, intra-, intro-''||'''yebuzaser'''....''.inflect''&lt;br&gt; '''yebzoytiibufa'''....''intravenous''&lt;br&gt; '''yebyujer'''....''enclode''&lt;br&gt; '''yebtayoba'''....''endodermal''&lt;br&gt; '''yeper'''....''enter''&lt;br&gt; '''yeber'''....''introduce''
|-
|'''yeov-'''....''fair or not ''|| '''yeovdut'''....''umpire''
|-
|'''yeyb-'''....''intra-''||'''yeybmepyan'''....''intranet''&lt;br&gt; '''yeybdoeba'''....''intrastate''
|-
|'''ye-'''....''hepto-, seven-, septi-''||'''yejub'''....''week''
|-
|'''yeyn-'''....''seventh''|| '''yeynxer'''....''split into sevenths''
|-
|'''yez'''....''para-, alongside''|| '''yezteptun'''....''parapsychology''&lt;br&gt;'''yezuper'''....''come alongside''
|-
|'''yi(on)-'''....''oct-, eight-''||'''yiona'''...''eight-fold''&lt;br&gt;''octuple''
|-
|'''yib-'''....''far-, tele-, remote''||'''yibsin'''....''televison''&lt;br&gt; '''yibteata'''....''far-sighted''&lt;br&gt; '''yibtrawa'''....''famous''
|-
|'''yibaj-'''....''archai-, archeo-, ancient''||'''yibajtun'''....''archaeology'','''yibajtun'''....''archeology''
|-
|'''yiyn-'''....''eighth''||'''yiynxer'''....''divide into eighths''
|-
|'''yiz-'''....''beyond, extra-, meta-, out-, para-, past, super-, supra-, trans-, ultra-''||'''yiztyun'''...''metaphor''&lt;br&gt; '''yizeza'''....''paranormal''&lt;br&gt; '''yizmeirat'''....''extraterrestrial''&lt;br&gt; '''yizseux'''....''utrasound''
|-
|'''yoon-'''....''five-, penta-, quint-''||'''yoongun'''....''pentagon''&lt;br&gt; '''yoongol'''...''quintile''&lt;br&gt; '''yoon'''....''group of five''&lt;br&gt; ''quintet''
|-
|'''yo(b/p)-'''....''down-, hypo-, sub-''||'''yobdom'''...''downtown''&lt;br&gt; '''yoper'''....''go down''&lt;br&gt; '''yobgoler'''....''subdivide''
|-
|'''yon-'''....''apart, dis-, se-''||'''yonzyaber'''....''disperse''&lt;br&gt; '''yonxer'''....''separate''&lt;br&gt; '''yonsauna'''....''distinct''
|-
|'''yoyn-'''....''fifth-, quinti-''||'''yoynnaga'''....''quintic''&lt;br&gt; '''yoyn'''....''a fifth''
|-
|'''yu(n)-'''....''nine-, nona-''||'''yunapa'''....''ninth (in order)''&lt;br&gt; '''yungunid'''....''nonagon''&lt;br&gt; '''yunkunid'''....''nonahedron''
|-
|'''yub-'''....''near-, proxi-, para-''||'''yuboj'''....''near future''&lt;br&gt; '''yubna'''....''next''&lt;br&gt; '''yubteas'''....''closeup (view)''&lt;br&gt; '''yubge'''....''almost''&lt;br&gt; '''yubfia'''....''intimate''&lt;br&gt; '''yubgeser'''....''approximate''&lt;br&gt;'''yubdopa'''....''paramilitary''
|-
|'''yui(b/p)-'''....''near-and-far''||'''yuibjo'''....''sooner or later''&lt;br&gt; '''yuibteabar'''....''bifocals''&lt;br&gt; '''yuipoper'''....''travel near and far''
|-
|'''yuij-'''....''open-and-shut''||'''yuijar'''....''valve''&lt;br&gt; '''yuijer'''....''blink'', ''wink''&lt;br&gt; '''manyuijer'''....''blink''&lt;br&gt; '''makyuijar'''....''switch''
|-
|'''yuyb-'''....''quasi-, pen-, almost''||'''yuybyonmel'''....''peninsula''&lt;br&gt; '''yuybega'''....''quasi-normal''
|-
|'''yuon-'''....''ninth-, novi-''||'''yuonat'''....''nonuplet''
|-
|'''yuz-'''....''circ-, circum-, peri-, roto-, round-''||'''yuzper'''....''circulate''&lt;br&gt; '''yuznad'''....''perimeter''&lt;br&gt; '''yuzof'''....''wrap-around''&lt;br&gt; '''yuznadrer'''....''circumscribe''
|-
|'''za-'''....''ante-, fore-, front-, pre-, pro-, north''||'''zatim'''....''antechamber''&lt;br&gt; '''zamimuf'''....''foremast''&lt;br&gt; '''zagab'''....''prefix''&lt;br&gt; '''zajuber'''....''procrastinate''&lt;br&gt;'''zamer'''....''north''
|-
|'''zao-'''....''back-and-forth, front-and-back''||'''zaopaser'''....''wobble''&lt;br&gt; '''zaokuper'''....''slalom''&lt;br&gt; '''zaopyoser'''....''pendulate''
|-
|'''zay-'''....''forth-, pro-, forward, ahead''||'''zaypuyser'''....''skip ahead''&lt;br&gt; '''zaypuxer'''....''propel''&lt;br&gt; '''zayper'''....''go forward, procede''&lt;br&gt; '''zayupea'''....''forthcoming''
|-
|'''ze-'''....''mid-, central, medio-''||'''zetej'''....''midlife''&lt;br&gt; '''zepoxer'''....''interrupt, stop midway''&lt;br&gt; '''zetem'''....''central hall''
|-
|'''zey-'''....''cross-, meta-, over-, trans-, across''||'''zeyper'''....''transit, get across''&lt;br&gt; '''zeynod'''....''crosspoint''&lt;br&gt; '''zeytyun'''....''metaphor''
|-
|'''zi-'''....''right, east, dextro-''||'''zim'''....''right side''&lt;br&gt;'''zimera'''....''eastern''
|-
|'''zo-'''....''back-, hind-, retro-, south''||'''zotib'''....''back''&lt;br&gt; '''zotiub'''....''hindquarters''&lt;br&gt; '''zonapa'''....''retrograde''&lt;br&gt;'''zomer'''....''south''
|-
|'''zoy-'''....''back-, retro-, re-''||'''zoyper'''....''recede, go back''&lt;br&gt; '''zoybeler'''....''carry back''&lt;br&gt; '''zoyzyublen'''....''backspin''
|-
|'''zu-'''....''left-, west-''||'''zutinut'''....''leftist''&lt;br&gt; '''zukum'''....''left side''&lt;br&gt;'''zumera'''....''western''
|-
|'''zui-'''....''left-and-right, zig-zag, east-west''||'''zuibyoser'''....''dangle, hang left-and-right''&lt;br&gt; '''zuiper'''....''zigzag''&lt;br&gt; '''zuituyaba'''....''ambidextrous''&lt;br&gt;'''zuimera'''....''east-west''
|-
|'''zya-'''....''-wide, wide-, broad-, all about''||'''zyauber'''....''broadcast''&lt;br&gt; '''zyateaba'''....''wide-eyed''&lt;br&gt; '''zyasauna'''....''general''&lt;br&gt; '''zyapoper'''....''cruise, wander''&lt;br&gt; '''zyamira'''....''global, worldwide''
|-
|'''zye-'''....''per-, thorough-, thru-, trans-''||'''zyetejer'''....''live through, experience''&lt;br&gt; '''zyeteaxer'''....''peruse''&lt;br&gt; '''zyeteatyafwa'''....''transparent''&lt;br&gt; '''zyemep'''....''thoroughfare''&lt;br&gt; '''zyeper'''....''permeate, transit''
|-
|'''zyo-'''....''narrow, steno-'' || '''zyotepa'''....''narrow-minded''&lt;br&gt;'''zyoteat'''....''tunnel vision''&lt;br&gt;'''zyoyija'''....''stenopeic''
|-
|'''zyu-'''....''cyclo-, rot-, round-, gyro''||'''zyutim'''....''rotunda''&lt;br&gt; '''zyusem'''....''roundtable''&lt;br&gt; '''zyuper'''....''cycle, gyrate, rotate''
|}

==== Suffixes ====

: Mirad has semantic stub suffixes, derivational suffixes, and normal semantic suffixes.

: '''Semantic Stub Suffixes'''

:: Semantic stub suffixes are generally formed from the last letters of a base word minus the initial consonant.  They serve to put a word into some category, such as liquid, place, person, or material.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Semantic Stub Suffixes
|- valign=top
! Suffix Stub !! Suffix Full Form !! Suffixed Example &lt; Base Word
|-
| '''-il'''....''liquid, drink'' || '''mil'''....''water'' || '''teab&lt;u&gt;il&lt;/u&gt;'''....''tear''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teab'''....''eye''&lt;br&gt;'''teub&lt;u&gt;il&lt;/u&gt;'''....''saliva''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teub'''....''mouth''&lt;br&gt;'''tayeb&lt;u&gt;il&lt;/u&gt;'''....''sweat''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tayeb'''....''skin''&lt;br&gt;'''mam&lt;u&gt;il&lt;/u&gt;'''....''rain''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mam'''....''sky''
|-
| '''-al'''....''gas'' || '''mal'''....''air'' || '''tieb&lt;u&gt;al&lt;/u&gt;'''....''breath''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tieb'''....''lung''
|-
| '''-(e)l'''....''food'' || '''tel'''....''food'' || '''sup&lt;u&gt;el&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pork''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''&lt;u&gt;sup&lt;/u&gt;et'''....''swine''&lt;br&gt;'''ta&lt;u&gt;ol&lt;/u&gt;'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''taob'''....''flesh''&lt;br&gt;'''fe&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''feb'''....''fruit''
|-
| '''-ul'''....''stuff'' || '''mul'''....''substance'' || '''vix&lt;u&gt;ul&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cosmetic''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vix-'''....''to beautify''&lt;br&gt;'''bek&lt;u&gt;ul&lt;/u&gt;'''....''medecine''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''bek'''....''treatment''
|-
| '''-yel'''....''oil, gel, wax, pulp'' || '''yel'''....''oil'' || '''olf&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''olive oil''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''olfeb'''....''olive''&lt;br&gt;'''appelat&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''wax''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''appelat'''....''bee''&lt;br&gt;'''mag&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''grease''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mag'''....''fire''&lt;br&gt;'''bek&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''salve''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''bek'''....''treatment''&lt;br&gt;'''meg&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cement''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''meg'''....''stone''&lt;br&gt;'''yan&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''paste''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yan'''....''together''
|-
| '''-am'''....''house'' || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''apat&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''chicken coop''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''apat'''....''chicken''&lt;br&gt;'''apellat&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''beehive''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''apellat'''....''bee''&lt;br&gt;'''melyex&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''farmhouse''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''melyex'''....''agriculture''&lt;br&gt;'''datib&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hostel''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''datib'''....''guest-reception''
|-
| '''-(e)m'''....''place'' || '''nem'''....''place'' || '''vobyex&lt;u&gt;em&lt;/u&gt;'''....''plantation, farm''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vob'''....''plant'' + '''yex'''....''work''&lt;br&gt;'''vab&lt;u&gt;em&lt;/u&gt;'''....''field''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vab'''....''grass''&lt;br&gt;'''ab&lt;u&gt;em&lt;/u&gt;'''....''top, surface''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ab'''....''above, upper''&lt;br&gt;'''ze&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;'''....''middle''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ze(a)'''....''middle'' &lt;br&gt; '''tim'''....''room''
|-
| '''-im'''....''room'' || '''tim'''....''room'' || '''tul&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tul'''....''cuisine''&lt;br&gt;'''tuj&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bedroom''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tuj'''....''sleep''
|-
| '''-um'''....''cell, booth'' ||  '''tum'''....''compartment''|| '''pex&lt;u&gt;um&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cage''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''pexer'''....''catch''&lt;br&gt;'''ilzyapux&lt;u&gt;um&lt;/u&gt;'''....''shower stall''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ilzyapux'''....''shower''
|-
| '''-yem'''....''space'' || '''nyem'''....''enclosure'' || '''yom&lt;u&gt;yem&lt;/u&gt;'''....''icebox''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yom'''....''ice''
|-
| '''-yeb'''....''container'' || '''nyeb'''....''container'' || '''z&lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bottle''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zye(f)'''....''glass''&lt;br&gt;'''vos&lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''vase''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vos'''....''flower''
|-
| '''-of'''....''material'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''t&lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt;'''....''clothes''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''t-'''....''human''&lt;br&gt;'''mis&lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt;'''....''curtain''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mis'''....''window''&lt;br&gt;'''fa&lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt;'''....''wood''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''fa(b)-'''....''tree''&lt;br&gt;'''tay&lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt;'''....''leather''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tayo(b)'''....''skin''
|-
| '''-ov'''....''linen'' || '''nov'''....''linen'' || '''tey&lt;u&gt;ov&lt;/u&gt;'''....''collar''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teyob'''....''neck''
|-
| '''-ar'''....''instrument'' || '''sar'''....''tool'' ||'''p&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cart''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''p-'''....''motion''&lt;br&gt;'''zyup&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''rotor''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zyup'''....''turn''&lt;br&gt;'''gobr&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''knife''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''gobrar'''....''cut''&lt;br&gt;'''jwob&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''watch''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''jwob'''....''hour''
|-
| '''-ir'''....''machine'' || '''sir'''....''machine'' || '''dr&lt;u&gt;ir&lt;/u&gt;'''....''typewriter''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''dr-'''....''write''&lt;br&gt;'''gwob&lt;u&gt;ir&lt;/u&gt;'''....''clock''
|-
| '''-ur'''....''large machine'' || '''sur'''....''engine'' || '''p&lt;u&gt;ur&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''car''&lt;br&gt;'''jwob&lt;u&gt;ur&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''grandfather clock''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''jwob'''....''hour''
|-
| '''-(u)n'''....''thing'' || '''sun'''....''thing'' || '''d&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;'''....''word''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''d-'''....''utter, say''&lt;br&gt;'''gofr&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;'''....''piece, scrap''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''gofrer'''....''rip, shread, tear''&lt;br&gt;'''zyi&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;'''....''plaque, plate''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zyia'''....''flat''&lt;br&gt;'''vyu&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''spot''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vyua'''....''dirty''
|-
| '''-on'''....''abstract thing'' || '''son'''....''issue'' || '''yov&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt;'''....''tort, wrong''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yov'''....''guilt''
|-
| '''yen'''....''manner, kind'' || '''byen'''....''manner'' || '''tex&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''opinion''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tex'''....''thought''&lt;br&gt;'''hi&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''this way, thus''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''hi-'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''es&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''status''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''es-'''....''exist''
|-
| '''-in'''....''-ism'' || '''tin'''....''doctrine'' || '''tot&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''theism, religion''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tot-'''....''god''&lt;br&gt;'''Krist&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Christianity''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Krist'''....''Christ''&lt;br&gt;'''vyisat&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''puritanism''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vysiat'''....''puritan, clean person''&lt;br&gt;'''oytof&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''nudism''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''oytofa'''....''nude''
|-
| '''-ufyeg'''....''cylinder'' || '''mufyeg'''....''pipe'' || '''man&lt;u&gt;ufyeg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''candle''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''man'''....''light''&lt;br&gt;'''tiib&lt;u&gt;ufyeg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''artery''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tiib'''....''heart''&lt;br&gt;'''mil&lt;u&gt;ufyeg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''toilet''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mil'''....''water''&lt;br&gt;'''mov&lt;u&gt;ufyeg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cheminee''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mov'''....''smoke''
|-
| '''-ab'''....''government'' || '''dab'''....''government'' || '''dit&lt;u&gt;ab&lt;/u&gt;'''....''democracy''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''dit'''....''citizen''
|-
| '''-eb'''....''leader'' || '''deb'''....''leader'' || '''x&lt;u&gt;eb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''boss''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''x-'''....''do''&lt;br&gt;'''tam&lt;u&gt;eb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''master of the house''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tam'''....''house''
|-
| '''-ub'''....''branch'' || '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''pat&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt;'''....''wing''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''pat'''....''bird''
|-
| '''-ad'''....''language'' || '''-a''' + '''d(alzeyn)'''....''language'' || '''Frans&lt;u&gt;ad&lt;/u&gt;'''....''French (language)''
|-
| '''-uz'''....''jewelry'' || '''nuz'''....''jewel'' || '''teyob&lt;u&gt;uz&lt;/u&gt;'''....''necklace''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teyob'''....''neck''&lt;br&gt;'''teeb&lt;u&gt;uz&lt;/u&gt;'''....''earring''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teeb'''....''ear''
|-
| '''-u(er)'''....''give'' || '''buer'''....''give'' || '''tiebal&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''exhale''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tieb'''....''lung''  +  '''al'''....''air'' 
|-
| '''-i(er)'''....''take'' || '''bier'''....''take'' || '''tiebal&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''inhale''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tieb'''....''lung'' + '''al'''....''air''
|-
| '''-ui(er)'''....''exchange'' || '''buier'''....''exchange'' || '''tiebal&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;ier'''....''breathe''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tieb'''....''lung'' + '''al'''....''air''
|}

==== Derviational Suffixes ====

::: Mirad has only a few derivational suffixes, i.e. suffixes that change the part of speech.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Derivational Suffixes
|-
! Derivational&lt;br&gt;Suffix !! Function || Base Word &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt; Suffixed&lt;br&gt;Derivation
|-
| '''-er''' || Noun &lt;br&gt;--&gt; Verbal Infinitive || '''sag'''....''count'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''sag&lt;u&gt;er&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to count''
|-
| '''-n''' || Present Tense Verb &lt;br&gt;--&gt; Verbal Noun (Gerund)&lt;br&gt;Adjective &lt;br&gt;--&gt; Abstract Noun || '''yexe'''....''(he/she/...) works'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''yexe&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''working''&lt;br&gt;'''via'''....''beautiful'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''via&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''beauty''&lt;br&gt;'''yuba'''....''near'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''yuba&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''proximity, nearness''
|-
| '''-a''' || Noun &lt;br&gt;--&gt; Adjective&lt;br&gt;Active Verb&lt;br&gt;--&gt; Verbal Adjective (Present Participle)&lt;br&gt;Past Passive Verb &lt;br&gt;--&gt; Perfect Passive Participle (Adjective)||'''mor'''....''universe'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''mor&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''universal''&lt;br&gt;'''ake'''....''wins'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''ake&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''winning''&lt;br&gt;'''teatwa'''....''was seen'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''teatwa&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' (or, shortened to: '''teatw&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''seen'') 
|-
| '''-ya''' || INTRANSITIVE VERB STEM &lt;br&gt;--&gt; PAST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE || '''ip-'''....''go away'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''ip&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gone away''
|-
| '''-yea''' || VERB STEM &lt;br&gt;--&gt; HABITUAL PRESENT PARTICIPLE (ADJECTIVE) || '''zaypas-'''....''progress'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''zaypas&lt;u&gt;yea&lt;/u&gt;'''....''progressive''
|-
| '''-y''' || ADJECTIVE &lt;br&gt;--&gt; ADVERB ||  '''iga'''....''quick'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''iga&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;'''....''quickly''&lt;br&gt;'''tea-'''....''knowing''&lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''tea&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;'''....''knowingly''
|-
| '''-ut''' || VERB STEM &lt;br&gt;--&gt; ANIMATE AGENT NOUN ''one who Xes, -er'' || '''ak-'''....''win'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''ak&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;''' ....''winner''
|-
| '''-us''' || VERB STEM &lt;br&gt;--&gt; INANIMATE AGENT NOUN ''thing that Xes, -er'' || '''gol-'''....''divide'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''gol&lt;u&gt;us&lt;/u&gt;''' ....''divisor''
|-
|- '''-t''' || ADJECTIVE &lt;br&gt;--&gt; ANIMATE NOUN (human, one who is...) || '''yibtrawa'''....''well-known'' &lt;big&gt;-&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''yibtrawa&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;'''....''celebrity''
|-
|- '''-s''' || ADJECTIVE &lt;br&gt;--&gt; INANIMATE NOUN (thing, something X) || '''otwa'''....''unknown'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''otwa&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;'''....''mystery''
|}

::: &lt;small&gt;*Derivational affixes change the part of speech of a base word, whereas inflexional affixes change the status of a word within a grammatical paradigm.  Verb tense/mood/voice affixes and the plural marker '''-i''' fall under the latter category.&lt;/small&gt;

==== Normal Semantic Suffixes====
:* Augmentative Suffixes

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Augmentative Suffixes
|-
! Augmentative Suffix !! Base Word !! Suffixed Derivation
|-
| '''-ag''' (augmentative) || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tamag'''....''mansion''
|-
| '''-ayg''' (affectionate augmentative) || '''sem'''....''chair'' || '''semayg'''....''big old chair''
|-
| '''-yag''' (pejorative augmentative) || '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''apetyag'''....''nag''
|}

:* Diminutive Suffixes

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Diminutive Suffixes
|-
! Diminutive Suffix !! Base Word !! Suffixed Derivation
|-
| '''-og''' (diminutive) || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tamog'''....''hut''
|-
| '''-oyg''' (affectionate diminutive) || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tamoyg'''....''cottage''
|-
| '''-yog''' (pejorative diminutive) || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tamyog'''....''shack''
|-
| '''-et''' (a smaller person) || '''twob'''....''man'' || '''twobet'''....''boy''
|-
| '''-es''' (thing of lesser importance) || '''nas'''....''money'' || '''nases'''....''change, coin''
|-
| '''-ud''' (child of, offspring) || '''tob'''....''man'' || '''tobud'''....''infant''
|}

:* Semantic Adjectival Suffixes

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Semantic Adjectival Suffixes
|-
! Adjectival Suffix !! Meaning !! Base Word !! Suffixed Derivation
|-
| '''-a''' || '''mor'''....''universe'' || ''related to, -al, -ic'' || '''mora'''....''universal''
|-
| '''-aya''' || '''miek'''....''dust'' || ''full of, -ous, -y'' || '''miekaya'''....''dusty''
|-
| '''-oya''' || '''vyun'''....''spot'' || ''empty of, -less, -free'' || '''vyunoya'''....''spotless''
|-
| '''-ika''' || '''miek'''....''dust'' || ''full of, -ous, -y'' || '''miekika'''....''dusty''
|-
| '''-uka''' || '''miek'''....''dust'' || ''empty of, -less, -free'' || '''miekuka'''....''dust-free''
|-
| '''-yea''' || '''vyod'''....''lie'' || ''given to doing X, -ive'' || '''vyodyea'''....''mendacious, given to lying''
|-
| '''-yena''' || '''tat'''....''angel'' || ''like, -ly, -ic'' || '''tatyena'''....''angelic''
|}
:*  Other Semantic Suffixes

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Other Semantic Suffixes
|-
! Suffix !! Base Word || Derivation
|-
| '''-tun'''....''science, ...ology'' || '''tej'''....''life'' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;tun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''biology''
|-
| '''-tut'''....''-ologist, expert, -ist'' || '''dar'''....''language'' || '''dar&lt;u&gt;tut&lt;/u&gt;'''....''linquist''
|-
| '''-tuin'''....''theory'' || '''tob'''....''mar'' ||  '''mar&lt;u&gt;tuin&lt;/u&gt;'''....''astrology''
|-
| '''-yan'''....''collection, aggregate'' || '''fab'''....''tree''|| '''fab&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''forest''
|-
|'''-tyen'''....''trade, -ics'' ||  '''sir'''....''machine'' || '''sir&lt;u&gt;tyen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''mechanics''
|-
| '''-if'''....''pet name'' || '''twed'''....''father'' || '''twed&lt;u&gt;if&lt;/u&gt;'''....''papa''
|-
| '''ifa'''....''-philic, -loving'' || '''dyes'''....''book'' || '''dyes&lt;u&gt;ifa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bibliophilic''
|-
| '''ifwa'''....''liked by'' || '''tyod'''....''people'' || '''tyod&lt;u&gt;ifwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''popular''
|-
| '''ufa'''....''-phobic, -hating'' || '''toyb'''....''woman'' || '''toyb&lt;u&gt;ufa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''misogynous''
|-
| '''ufwa'''....''hated by'' || '''tyod'''....''people'' || '''tyod&lt;u&gt;ufwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''unpopular''
|-
| '''yafa'''....''able to'' || '''tyoyap-'''....''walk'' || '''tyoyap&lt;u&gt;yafa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''ambulatory''
|-
| '''yafwa'''....''possible to'' || '''teat-'''....''see'' || '''teat&lt;u&gt;yafwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''visible''
|-
| '''yofa'''....''unable to'' || '''teat-'''....''see'' || '''teat&lt;u&gt;yofa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''blind''
|-
| '''yofwa'''....''impossible to'' || '''dye-'''....''read'' || '''dye&lt;u&gt;yofwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''illegible''
|-
| '''yika'''....''hard of...ing'' || '''teet-'''....''hear'' || '''teet&lt;u&gt;yika&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hard of hearing''
|-
| '''yikwa'''....''hard to'' || '''teet-'''....''hear'' || '''teet&lt;u&gt;yikwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hard to hear''
|- 
| '''yuka'''....''easy at...ing'' || '''vatex-'''....''believe'' || '''vatex&lt;u&gt;yuka&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gullible''
|-
| '''yukwa'''....''easily...ed'' || '''test-'''....''understand'' || '''test&lt;u&gt;yukwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''easily understood''
|-
| '''yufa'''....''fearful of, -phobic'' || '''tot'''....''god'' || '''tot&lt;u&gt;yufa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''god-fearing''
|-
| '''yufwa'''....''feared'' || '''hyat'''....''everybody'' || '''hyat&lt;u&gt;yufwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''feared by all''
|-
| '''yiva'''....''free to'' || '''kebi-'''....''choose'' || '''kebi&lt;u&gt;yiva&lt;/u&gt;'''....''free to choose''
|-
| '''efa'''....''needful of'' || '''tel'''....''food'' || '''tel&lt;u&gt;efa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hungry''
|-
| '''efwa'''....''necessary to'' || '''tej'''....''life'' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;efa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''vital''
|-
| '''yefa'''....''duty-bound to, -worthy of'' || '''dud'''....''answer'' || '''dud&lt;u&gt;yefa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''responsible''
|-
| '''yefwa'''....''due, -worthy of'' || '''fid-'''....''laud'' || '''fid&lt;u&gt;yefwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''praiseworthy''
|-
| '''afa'''....''authorized to'' || '''dokebi-'''....''vote'' || '''dokebi&lt;u&gt;afa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''franchised''
|-
| '''ofwa'''....''prohibited to'' || '''movi-'''....''smoke'' || '''movi&lt;u&gt;ofwa&lt;/u&gt;gonem'''....''no-smoking zone''
|-
| '''yiva'''....''free to'' || '''kebi-'''....''choose'' || '''kebi&lt;u&gt;yiva&lt;/u&gt;'''....''free to choose''
|-
| '''yivwa'''....''free to be ...ed'' || '''kebi-'''....''choose'' || '''kebi&lt;u&gt;yivwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''optional''
|-
| '''yuva'''....''bound'' || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tam&lt;u&gt;yuva&lt;/u&gt;'''....''house-bound''
|-
| '''ova'''....''resistant, anti-'' || '''aagdovyab'''....''constitution'' || '''aagdovyab&lt;u&gt;ova&lt;/u&gt;'''....''anti-constitutional''
|-
| '''ava'''....''in favor of, pro-'' || '''tyodab'''....''democracy'' || '''tyodab&lt;u&gt;ava&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pro-democracy''
|-
| '''eva'''....''neutral'' || '''toos'''....''gender'' || '''toos&lt;u&gt;eva&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gender-neutral''
|}
==== Inflectional Suffixes ====
: Mirad has only one noun inflectional suffix, namely, '''-''', which makes a singular noun plural:

::* '''tam'''....''house'' --&gt; '''tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''houses''

: The only other inflectional affixes are the following verb infixes and suffixes:

::* '''-er'''....infinitive
::* '''-e'''....present tense
::* '''-a'''....past tense
::* '''-o'''....future tense
::* '''-u'''....hypothetical mood
::* '''-e-'''....''progressive aspect''
::* '''-a-'''....''perfect aspect''
::* '''-o-'''....''immediate aspect''
::* '''-u-'''....''conditional aspect''
::* '''-y-'''....''active voice''
::* '''-w-'''....''passive voice''

: Example:

:* '''Wit tuj&lt;u&gt;eya&lt;/u&gt; hoj van at pua.'''....''He &lt;u&gt;was sleeping&lt;/u&gt; when I arrived.''
::* '''-e-''' = progressive aspect infix
::* '''-y-''' = active voice infix
::* '''-a'''  = past tense suffix

=== Rule #3: Ordinal Vowel Scaling ===

: Creating a hierarchy of scalar terms applies only to base words of the Group 1.  The hierarchy of scalar terms is built by increasing the numeric value of the ordinal vowel of the base word as the importance or relevance of the word decreases from the topmost, zeroth object.  This process is called '''''first-level ordinal scaling'''''.

==== First-level Ordinal Scaling ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ First-level Ordinal Scaling
|- valign=top
! ORDINAL VOWEL !! t...b !! m...r !! j...b !! m...s !! t...m !! d...b || f...b || s...m || d...t || t...d
|-
!row=1| '''o''' = 0 
|'''tob'''&lt;br&gt;''man'' || '''mor'''&lt;br&gt;''universe'' || '''job'''&lt;br&gt;''time'' || '''mos'''&lt;br&gt;''floor''|| '''tom'''&lt;br&gt;''building'' || '''dob'''&lt;br&gt;''state'' || '''fob'''&lt;br&gt;''plant'' || '''som'''&lt;br&gt;''furniture''||'''dot'''&lt;br&gt;''society''||'''tod'''&lt;br&gt;''family''
|-
!row=1| '''a''' = 1 
|'''tab'''&lt;br&gt;''body'' || '''mar'''&lt;br&gt;''sun'' || '''jab'''&lt;br&gt;''year'' || '''mas'''&lt;br&gt;''wall'' || '''tam'''&lt;br&gt;''house'' || '''dab'''&lt;br&gt;''government'' || '''fab'''&lt;br&gt;''tree'' || '''sam'''&lt;br&gt;''armoire''||'''dat'''&lt;br&gt;''friend'' || '''tad'''&lt;br&gt;''spouse''
|-
!row=1| '''e''' = 2 
|'''teb'''&lt;br&gt;''head'' || '''mer'''&lt;br&gt;''planet'' || '''jeb'''&lt;br&gt;''season''|| '''mes'''&lt;br&gt;''door'' || '''tem'''&lt;br&gt;''hall'' || '''deb'''&lt;br&gt;''leader'' || '''feb'''&lt;br&gt;''fruit'' || '''sem'''&lt;br&gt;''table''||'''det'''&lt;br&gt;''associate'' || '''ted'''&lt;br&gt;''parent''
|-
!row=1| '''i''' = 3 
|'''tib'''&lt;br&gt;''trunk'' || '''mir'''&lt;br&gt;''earth'' || '''jib'''&lt;br&gt;''month'' || '''mis'''&lt;br&gt;''window'' || '''tim'''&lt;br&gt;''room'' || '''dib'''&lt;br&gt;''office'' || '''fib'''&lt;br&gt;''tree trunk'' || '''sim'''&lt;br&gt;''chair''||'''dit'''&lt;br&gt;''citizen'' || '''tid'''&lt;br&gt;''sibling''
|-
!row=1| '''u''' = 4 
|'''tub'''&lt;br&gt;''arm'' || '''mur'''&lt;br&gt;''moon'' || '''jub'''&lt;br&gt;''day'' || '''mus'''&lt;br&gt;''stairs'' || '''tum'''&lt;br&gt;''cell'' || '''dub'''&lt;br&gt;''minister'' || '''fub'''&lt;br&gt;''branch'' || '''sum'''&lt;br&gt;''bed''||'''dut'''&lt;br&gt;''gentleperson'' || '''tud'''&lt;br&gt;''child''
|-
!row=1| '''yo''' = 5 
|'''tyob'''&lt;br&gt;''leg'' || || '''jyob*'''&lt;br&gt;''hour'' || || || || '''fyob'''&lt;br&gt;''root'' || || || '''tyod'''&lt;br&gt;''people''
|}

::: &lt;small&gt;* The palatal glide '''y''' in these words, which follows a palatal '''j''' is hard to pronounce, so the '''y''' is replaced with a '''w''', giving '''jwob''', '''jwab''', and '''jweb'''.&lt;/small&gt;

==== Second-level Ordinal Scaling ====

:: A second-level hierarchy of scalar words can be creating by adding an ordinal vowel immediately after a word's stem vowel.  

::: Examples:
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Second-level Ordinal Scaling
|-
! '''mi...p''' !! '''me...p''' !! '''tu...b''' !! '''tyo...b'''!! '''ma...f''' !! '''me...g''' !! '''do...b'''
|-
| '''mip'''&lt;br&gt;''river'' || '''mep'''&lt;br&gt;''way'' || '''tub'''&lt;br&gt;''arm'' || '''tyob'''&lt;br&gt;''leg'' || '''maf'''&lt;br&gt;''cloud'' || '''meg'''&lt;br&gt;''stone'' || '''dob'''&lt;br&gt;''state''
|-
| '''mi&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;p'''&lt;br&gt;''stream'' || '''meap'''&lt;br&gt;''road'' || '''tuab'''&lt;br&gt;''shoulder'' || '''tyoab'''&lt;br&gt;''hip''|| '''maaf'''&lt;br&gt;''stratus'' || '''meag'''&lt;br&gt;''marble'' || '''doab'''...''fatherland''
|-
| '''mi&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;p'''&lt;br&gt;''brook'' || '''meep'''&lt;br&gt;''path'' || '''tueb'''&lt;br&gt;''upper arm'' || '''tyoeb'''&lt;br&gt;''thigh''|| '''maef'''&lt;br&gt;''cumulus'' || '''meeg'''&lt;br&gt;''slate'' || '''doeb'''&lt;br&gt;''province, state''
|-
| '''mi&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;p'''&lt;br&gt;''rivulet'' || '''meip'''&lt;br&gt;''trail'' || '''tuib'''&lt;br&gt;''elbow'' || '''tyoib'''&lt;br&gt;''knee''|| '''maif'''&lt;br&gt;''stratocumulus'' || '''meig'''&lt;br&gt;''granite'' || '''doib'''&lt;br&gt;''county, shire''
|-
| '''mi&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;p'''&lt;br&gt;''torrent'' || '''meup'''&lt;br&gt;''track'' || '''tuub'''&lt;br&gt;''forearm'' || '''tyoub'''&lt;br&gt;''shin''|| '''mauf'''&lt;br&gt;''cumulonimbus'' || '''meug'''&lt;br&gt;''clay, dough'' || '''doub'''&lt;br&gt;''district''
|-
| '''mi&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;p'''&lt;br&gt;''trickle'' ||  || '''tuyob'''&lt;br&gt;''wrist'' || '''tyoyob'''&lt;br&gt;''ankle''||'''mayof'''&lt;br&gt;''nimbostatus'' || '''meyog'''&lt;br&gt;''china'' ||
|-
|  ||  || '''tu&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;b'''&lt;br&gt;''hand'' || '''tyoyab'''&lt;br&gt;''foot''||'''mayaf'''&lt;br&gt;''altostratus'' || '''meyag'''&lt;br&gt;''chalk'' ||
|-
|  ||  || '''tu&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;b'''&lt;br&gt;''fist'' || '''tyoyeb'''&lt;br&gt;''heel''|| '''mayef'''&lt;br&gt;''altocumulus'' || '''meyeg'''&lt;br&gt;''limestone'' ||
|-
|  ||  || '''tu&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;b'''&lt;br&gt;''palm'' || '''tyoyib'''&lt;br&gt;''sole''|| '''mayif'''&lt;br&gt;''cirrus'' || '''meyig'''&lt;br&gt;''alabaster'' || 
|-
|  ||  || '''tu&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;b'''&lt;br&gt;''finger'' || '''tyoyub'''&lt;br&gt;''toe''|| '''mayuf'''&lt;br&gt;''cirrostratus'' || '''meyug'''&lt;br&gt;''gypsum''||
|-
|  ||  || '''tu&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;b'''&lt;br&gt;''fingernail'' || '''tyolob'''&lt;br&gt;''toenail''||'''malof'''&lt;br&gt;''cirrocumulus'' ||
|}

==== Third-level Ordinal Scaling ====

::: A third-level hierarchy can be created by prefixing an ordinal number vowel to the word.

::: Example:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Third-level Ordinal Scaling
|-
! '''tuyub'''....''finger'' 
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;tuyub'''....''thumb''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;tuyub'''....''index''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;tuyub'''....''middle finger''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;tuyub'''....''ring finger''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;tuyub'''....''pinky''
|}

::: So, to sum up, we have:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:6.4em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Summary of Scaling
|-
! '''t...b''' !! '''tob''' = ''human being''
|-
| FIRST-LEVEL || '''tub'''....''arm''
|-
| SECOND-LEVEL || '''tuyub'''....''finger''
|-
| THIRD-LEVEL || '''atuyub'''....''thumb''
|}

==== Scaling with Prefixed Numbering ====

::: We can also obtain a very convenient classification for new words by prefixing an ordinal vowel even though there is no first-level or second-level numbering. In this case, the first level usually begins with '''a'''.

::: Example:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Prefix Numbering
|-
! align=left | NUMBER || '''dob'''....''state'' !!  '''deb'''....''leader'' !! '''mez'''....''gem'' !! '''mer'''....''planet'' || '''maf'''....''cloud'' || '''sagtun'''....''mathematics''
|-
! 1
| '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''empire'' || '''adeb'''....''emperor'' || '''amez'''....''diamond'' || '''Amer'''....''Mercury'' || '''amaf'''....''nimbus'' || '''asagtun'''....''arithmetic''
|-
! 2
| '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''kingdom'' || '''edeb'''....''king'' || '''emez'''....''topaz'' || '''Emer'''....''Venus'' || '''emaf'''....''stratus'' || '''esagtun'''....''geometry''
|-
! 3
| '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''principality'' ||  '''ideb'''....''prince'' || '''imez'''....''ruby'' || '''Imer'''....''Earth'' || '''imaf'''....''nimbostatus'' || '''isagtun'''....''algebra''
|-
! 4
| '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''duchy'' ||  '''udeb'''....''duke'' || '''umez'''....''emerald'' ||'''Umer'''....''Mars'' || '''umaf'''....''cumulus'' || '''usagtun'''....''trigonometry''
|-
! 5
| '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''marquisate'' || '''yodeb'''....''marquis'' || '''yomez'''....''saphire'' || '''Yomer'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yomaf'''....''cumulostatus'' || '''yosagtun'''....''calculus''
|-
! 6
| '''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''county''  || '''yadeb'''....''count'' || '''yamez'''....''lapis lazuli'' || '''Yamer'''....''Saturn'' || '''yamaf'''....''stratocumulus'' ||
|-
! 7
| '''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''dominion'' ||  '''yedeb'''....''lord'' || '''yemez'''....''amthyst'' || '''Yemer'''....''Uranus'' || '''yemaf'''....''altocumulus'' ||
|-
! 8
| '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''viscounty'' || '''yideb'''....''viscount'' || '''yimez'''....''amber'' ||'''Yimer'''....''Pluto'' || '''yimaf'''....''altostratus'' ||
|-
! 9
| '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''barony'' ||  '''yudeb'''....''baron'' || '''yumez'''....''topaz'' ||  || '''yumaf'''....''cirrocumulus'' ||
|-
! 10
| '''&lt;u&gt;alo&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''tribe'' || '''alodeb'''....''tribal chief'' || '''alomez'''....''opal'' || || '''alomaf'''....''cirrus'' ||
|}

=== Rule #4: Overlapping ===
: When combining two words, if the generic (final) consonant of the first word is the same as the classifier (first) consonant of the second word, the generic consonant of the determining word is dropped.  This results in '''''overlapping''''' or a '''''portmanteau'''''.

: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Overlapping in Compounds
|-
! First Word !! Second Word !! Portmanteau
|-
| '''dom'''....''city'' || '''mep'''....''road'' || '''domep'''....''boulevard''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''teub'''....''mouth'' || '''pateub'''....''beak''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''patub'''....''wing''
|-
| '''teupib'''....''tooth'' || '''byok'''....''pain'' || '''teypibyok'''....''toothache''
|}

: In some cases, this type of overlapping can cause ambiguity, and is therefore avoided.

=== Rule #5: Adding Ordinal Vowels ===
: When forming a compound word with the words of a same family of terms, if the ordinal vowel is an '''o''', replace it with the ordinal vowel of the determinant word.

: Examples:

::* '''edob'''....''kingdom''      -&gt; '''deb'''....''chief''  -&gt; '''edeb'''....''monarch'' ('''edweb'''....''king'', '''edeyb'''....''queen'')
::* '''udob'''....''principality'' -&gt; '''deb'''....''chief''  -&gt; '''udeb'''....''prince'' ('''udweb'''....''prince'', '''udeyb'''....''princess'')

: By contrast, if the two words are already ordered, the vowel of the determinant (first word) is inserted between the ordinal vowel of the determined (second) word and the generic (final) consonant:

: Examples:

: '''mil'''....''water''   +   '''mal'''....''air''  -&gt;  '''mial'''....''vapor, steam''

=== Rule #6: Swapping Generic Consonants ===
: When the generic (final) consonant of a base word is replaced by that of another base word, the entire family of the latter undergoes the transformation by the new generic consonant. 

: Example:
&lt;b&gt;to&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x21D8;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;b&gt;-b&lt;/b&gt; = &lt;i&gt;organism&lt;/i&gt;)
  (&lt;b&gt;t-&lt;/b&gt; = &lt;i&gt;human&lt;/i&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;rArr;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;tof&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;clothing, apparel&lt;/i&gt;
  (&lt;b&gt;n-&lt;/b&gt; = &lt;i&gt;commercial&lt;/i&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;rArr;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;nof&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;cloth, fabric&lt;/i&gt; 
&lt;b&gt;no&lt;u&gt;f&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x21D7;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;b&gt;-f&lt;/b&gt; = &lt;i&gt;cloth&lt;/i&gt;)

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Swapping Generic Consonants
|-
! Base Word 1 !! Base Word 2 !! Derived Word
|-
| '''tob'''....''human'' || '''nov'''....''linen'' || '''tov'''....''lingerie''
|-
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''taf'''....''suit''
|-
| '''teb'''....''head'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''tef'''....''hat''
|-
| '''tib'''....''trunk'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''tif'''....''vest''
|-
| '''tyoyab'''....''foot'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''tyoyaf'''....''shoe''
|-
| '''tyoyab'''....''foot'' || '''nov'''....''linen'' || '''tyoyav'''....''sock''
|-
| '''tuyab'''....''hand''  || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''tuyaf'''....''glove''
|-
| '''doob'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''nation'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''doof'''....''flag''
|-
| '''taob'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''flesh'' || '''tol'''....''food'' || '''taol'''....''meat''
|}

:&lt;small&gt;* This is a derived, not base, word, but the principle holds.&lt;/small&gt;

=== Rule #7: Marking Words for Gender ===
: Words in Mirad are neutral with respect to gender, but specifically masculine or feminine gender can be marked in nouns and pronouns with the use of the masculine infix '''w''' and the feminine infix '''y'''.  If the noun or pronoun is animate, then gender can marked.  If the noun or pronoun is inanimate, then it can be marked for predominate use by or reference to a male or female.

::* To make a neutral animate noun or pronoun specifically male, precede the ordinal (stem) vowel with '''w'''.
::* To make a neutral animate noun or pronoun specifically female, follow the ordinal (stem) vowel with '''y'''.

: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Marking Animate Nouns for Gender
|-
! Gender-Neutral !! Male !! Female
|-
| '''tob'''....''human being'' || '''twob'''....''man'' || '''toyb'''....''woman''
|-
| '''tobet'''....''young person'' || '''twobet'''....''boy'' || '''toybet'''....''girl''
|-
| '''ted'''....''parent'' || '''twed'''....''father'' || '''teyd'''....''mother''
|-
| '''it'''....''he/she/it'' || '''wit'''....''he'' || '''iyt'''....''she''
|-
| '''apat'''....''cock'' || '''apwat'''....''rooster'' || '''apayt'''....''hen''
|-
| '''toob'''....''gender'' || '''twoob'''....''male'' || '''tooyb'''....''female''
|}
::* Inanimate objects, such as items of clothing or body pats, can be &quot;feminized&quot; in a similar way.  In such a case, the feminized form refers to an object that is for women, rather than men, eg.:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Making Inanimate Objects Female-related
|-
! Male-oriented or Neutral !!  Female-oriented
|-
| '''taf'''....''suit'' || '''tayf'''....''dress''
|-
| '''tyoyav'''....''sock'' || '''tyoyayv'''....''stockings''
|-
| '''tiav'''....''shirt'' || '''tiayv'''....''blouse''
|}

::* Some body parts can be marked for maleness or femaleness:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Body Parts Genderized
|-
! Neutral !! Male-oriented !!  Female-oriented
|-
| '''tilab'''....''breast'' || '''twilab'''....''male breast'' || '''tilayb'''....''female breast''
|-
| || '''twiyib'''....''testicals'' || '''tiyiyb'''....''ovary''
|-
| '''tiyub'''....''sexual organ'' || '''twiyub'''....''penis'' || '''tiyuyb'''....''vagina''
|}

::* In nouns that end in '''-ut''', the agentive suffix meaning ''-er, one who...'', the nouns can be feminized by changing '''-ut''' to '''-uyt''', eg. '''dezut'''....''actor'' -&gt; '''dezuyt'''....''actress''.  Because the stem of such words is often a verb, prefixing '''-ut''' with '''w''' to make it specifically male is normally not done, because the '''w''' can sometimes be confused with the passive voice marker.  For this reason, a word like '''dezut''' can mean ''actor'' of neutral or male gender.

::* Animate nouns having the ending '''-et''' (smaller version of some person), are genderized by adding '''w''' or '''y''' to the semantic base of the word, eg. '''tobet'''....''child, youth'' -&gt; '''toybet'''....''girl'' or '''twobet'''....''boy''.

=== Rule #8: Deriving Words with Geo-specific Vowels ===

: A series of related words can be derived from a Group 1 base word by replacing the ordinal vowel with one of the following vowels, which have certain specific geographic meanings.

: Geo-specific Vowels:

&lt;div style=&quot;background: lightyellow&quot;&gt;
::* '''o'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''outer space, abstract object, initial stuff'''
::* '''a'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''sky, air, gas'''
::* '''e'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''land, soil, solid'''
::* '''i'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''sea, water, liquid'''
::* '''u'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''underground, mineral, concrete object, other'''
&lt;/div&gt;

:: Examples:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Deriving Words with Geo-specific Vowels
|-
!  !!'''m...p''' !! '''m...m''' !! '''d...p''' !! '''p...t''' !! '''m...l'''
|-
! Space
| '''mop'''....''orbit'' || '''mom'''....''space'' || '''dop'''....''military'' || '''pot'''....||'''mol'''....''nature''
|-
! Sky
| '''map'''....''wind'' || '''mam'''....''sky'' || '''dap'''....''air force'' || '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''mal'''....''air''
|-
! Land
| '''mep'''....''road''|| '''mem'''....''land''|| '''dep'''....''army'' || '''pet'''....''land animal'' || '''mel'''....''soil''
|-
! Water
| '''mip'''....''river''|| '''mim'''....''sea''|| '''dip'''....''marine force'' || '''pit'''....''fish'' || '''mil'''....''water''
|-
! Underground (or other)
| '''mup'''....''tunnel''|| '''mum'''....''underground'' ||  ||  || '''mul'''....''stuff''
|}

: This vowel codification also allows generating other categories of words by infixing, just before the generic (final) consonant, a vowel having the value that is attributed to it in Rule #9.  This creates &quot;hybrid&quot; nouns.  See the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Hybrids|Hybrids]] for more on this subject.

:: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Hybrid nouns
|-
! First-level Derivation !! + Geospecific Vowel !! Second-level Derivation
|-
| '''pet'''....''land animal''  || '''i'''....''water, sea''|| '''pe&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''aquatic mammal''
|-
| '''pelt'''....''insect'' || '''a'''....''air, sky''|| '''pel&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''flying insect'' 
|-
| '''mel'''....''soil'' || '''i'''....''water, sea'' || '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;l'''....''mud''
|-
| '''mil'''....''water'' || '''a'''....''air, gas'' || '''mi&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;l'''....''vapor''
|}

=== Rule #9: Deriving Words with Vectorial Vowels ===
: The rule for deriving words with vectorial ( = directional and positional) vowels starts with the following schema:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Vectorial Vowel Values
|-
| colspan=8 align=center | '''A'''
|-
| rowspan=6 align=center | '''U''' ||  || '''a'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt; || &lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' || &lt;big&gt;↑&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;''' ||'''ya'''&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; ||  || rowspan=6 align=center | '''I''' 
|-
| '''u''' → || || '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;'''||'''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;''' || || → '''i'''
|-
| → '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;''' || ||'''e''' ||'''ye''' || || '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' →
|-
| → '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;''' || || colspan=2 align=center| '''E'''  || || '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;''' →
|-
| '''yu''' → || || || || || → '''yi'''
|-
|  || &lt;big&gt;↑&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''o''' || '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; || '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt; || &lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''yo''' || 
|-
| colspan=8 align=center| '''O'''
|}

:: Explanation of the above chart:

:::* If the vowel is capitalized, it indicates a '''''positional''''' value. It is used in its lowercase spelling as a prefix in Group I words.
:::* The non-capitalized vowels (including y-glides) indicate '''''directional''''' values.
:::* If the vowel is underlined, it means that it is placed '''''before''''' the classifier consonant (prefixed) in verbs and involves contact.
:::* Otherwise, a normal vowel means that it is placed '''''after''''' the classifier consonant (infixed) in Group 2 words and involves free movement. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
|+ Explanation of the Vectorial Vowels Chart
|-
| '''A''' || position || || on, above, north || '''amer'''....''north''
|-
| '''a''' || movement || (free) || ''on'' || '''baer'''....''lean''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''onto''||'''aber'''....''put on''
|-
| '''ya''' || movement || (free) || ''up, ascend''|| '''byaer'''....''lift''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''up, get up, set up''|| '''yaber'''....''raise''
|-
| '''O''' || position || || under, lower, south|| '''omer'''....''south''
|-
| '''o''' || movement || (free) || ''off''|| '''boer'''....''hang''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''on the bottom of, underneath''|| '''oper'''....''get off''
|-
| '''yo''' || movement || (free) || ''down''|| '''pyoser'''....''fall''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''fall''|| '''yoper'''....''rise''
|-
| '''U''' || position || || left, west|| '''umer'''....''west''
|-
| '''u''' || movement || (free) || ''move toward the center, come''|| '''uber'''....''send''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''reach the center, arrive''|| '''pyuer'''....''reach''
|-
| '''yu''' || movement || (free) || ''near, approach''|| '''yuber'''....''approach''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''near, reach''|| '''byuser'''....''touch''
|-
| '''I''' || position || || right, east|| '''imer'''....''east''
|-
| '''i''' || movement || (free) || ''from the center out, go away''|| '''pier'''....''go away''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''from the center out, leave''|| '''iper'''....''leave''
|-
| '''yi''' || movement || (free) || ''away, go far''|| '''yiper'''....''go far''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''from afar, originate''|| '''pyiser'''....''originate''
|-
| '''E''' || position || || center, equator|| '''emer'''....''equator''
|-
| '''e''' || rest ||  || ''between''|| '''eb'''....''between''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;''' || rest ||  || ''at, stay, hold''|| '''bexer'''....''hold''
|-
| '''ye''' || movement ||  || ''in, into, enter''|| '''yeper'''....''enter''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;''' ||  ||(contact)  || ''up against, strike''|| '''pyexer'''....''strike''
|}
==== Special value of certain vowels ====

: The prefixes '''a-''' or '''an-''' meaning ''one, sole, singular'':
::* '''aot'''....''person, individual''
::* '''anota'''....''alone, solitary''
::* '''anay'''....''only''
::* '''aun'''....''unit''
: The prefixes '''ya-''' or '''yan-''' meaning ''collection, plural'':
::* '''yat'''....''we, us''
::* '''yanot'''....''constituent''
::* '''yanota'''....''communal''
::* '''yanotyan'''....''community''
::* '''yan'''....''together''
: Also, the prefix '''yan-''' meaning ''together'' contrasts with '''yon-'''....''apart''.
::* '''yon'''....''apart''
::* '''yanota'''....''communal'' vs. '''yonota'''....''private''
::* '''yanxer'''....''to combine'' vs. '''yonxer'''....''to separate''

=== Rule #10: Deriving Words with Mnemonic Patterns ===
: Sometimes part of a derived word can serve as a mnemonic pattern for forming other words having some relationship or parallelism in meaning.

: For example, the mnemonic '''eu''' pattern from the word for mouth, '''teud''' can be used to form many other words having an oral, acoustic, vocal, or sound-related meaning:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Mnemonic Pattern Derivation
|-
! Pattern Word&lt;br&gt;'''teub'''....''mouth'' !! Classifier !! Generic
|-
| '''teud'''....''shout'' || '''t''' = human || '''d''' = communication
|-
| '''teuz'''....''voice'' || '''t''' = human || '''z''' = art
|-
| '''deuz'''....''song''  || '''d''' = communication || '''z''' = art
|-
| '''seuz'''....''tone''  || '''s''' = thing || '''z''' = art
|-
| '''seux'''....''sound'' || '''s''' = thing || '''x''' = action
|-
| '''xeus'''....''noise'' || '''x''' = action || '''s''' = thing
|-
| '''teuf'''....''muzzle'' || '''t''' = human || '''f''' = apparel
|-
| '''teuv'''....''mask'' || '''t''' = human || '''v''' = linen
|-
| '''teus'''....''taste''|| '''t''' = human || '''s''' = thing
|-
| '''deup'''....''rhythm''|| '''d''' = communication || '''p''' = ''motion''
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ More Mnemonic Pattern Derivations
|-
! Pattern Word&lt;br&gt;'''teab'''....''eye'' !! '''(t)ea-''' = ''see'' !! Generic
|-
| '''teaper'''....''visit'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''go''
|-
| '''teader'''....''witness'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''d''' = ''say''
|-
| '''teaxer'''....''look'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''teaser'''....''seem'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''s''' = ''be''
|-
| '''teater'''....''see'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''t''' = ''know''
|-
| '''keaxer'''....''scan''  || '''ke-''' = ''seek'' || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''vyaleaxer'''....''check''  || '''vyal-''' = ''certain''|| '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''yoneater'''....''distinguish'' || '''yon-''' = ''apart''|| '''t''' = ''know''
|-
| '''beaxer'''....''guard'' || '''be-''' = ''hold'' || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''teatier'''....''perceive'' || || '''-i-''' = subject-directed
|-
| '''teatuer'''....''show'' || || '''-u-''' = object-directed
|-
! Pattern Word&lt;br&gt;'''teeb'''....''ear'' !! '''(t)ee-''' = ''hear'' !! Generic
|-
| '''teeper'''....''attend'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''go''
|-
| '''teeder'''....''testify'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''d''' = ''say''
|-
| '''teexer'''....''listen'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''teeser'''....''sound (like)'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''s''' = ''be''
|-
| '''teeter'''....''hear'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''t''' = ''know''
|-
| '''keexer'''....''scan (acoustically)''  || '''ke-''' = ''seek'' || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''koteexer'''....''snoop on''  || '''ko-''' = ''hide'' || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''vyaleexer'''....''sound out''  || '''vyal-''' = certain || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''teetier'''....''get wind of'' || || '''-i-''' = subject-directed
|-
| '''teetuer'''....''make heard'' || || '''-u-''' = object-directed
|-
| '''zyateetuer'''....''rumor'' || '''zya-''' = ''all around'' || '''-u-''' = objected-directed
|}

: A syllable of a long compound can be suppressed as long as it does not cause ambiguity or confusion.

: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Shortening Long Compounds
|-
! Word 1 !! Word 2 !! Long Compound !! Shortened Compound
|-
| '''ekpet'''....''horse'' || '''teuder'''....''make a noise'' || *'''ekpeteuder''' || '''ekpeder'''....''neigh''
|- 
| '''serpyet'''....''snake'' || '''teuder'''....''make a noise'' || *'''serpyeteuder''' || '''sepyeder'''....''hiss''
|-
| '''vifeb'''....''grape'' || '''il'''....''liquid'' || *'''vifebil'''....''grape juice'' || '''vifil'''....''wine''
|-
| '''povob'''....''grain'' || '''il'''....''liquid'' || *'''povobil''' || '''povil'''....''beer''
|}
: Sometimes, the last syllable of a compound or last letters of a word will give birth to a new stubs whose derivations, through the application of this rule, will not be long.

: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ From Full Words to Stubs
|-
! Compound !! New Stub !! Derivation
|-
| '''tilabil'''....''breast milk'' || '''bil'''....''milk''|| '''bilyug'''....''butter''
|-
| '''fauf'''....''log'' || '''-uf'''....(stub suffix for types of) ''cylinder''|| '''muf'''....''rod, stick''
|-
| '''zyeg'''....''hole'' || '''-yeg'''....(stub suffix for types of) ''hole'', ''hollow thing''|| '''mufyeg'''....''pipe''
|}

: The clipped word '''bil''' now gives rise to other compounds:

::* '''bilyig'''....''cheese''
::* '''bilyigem'''....''cheese factory''
::* '''bilyug'''....''butter''
::* '''bilyugyena'''....''butter-like''
: The word '''mufyeg''' (Lit: hollow stick) means '''pipe, reed, cylinder'''

=== Rule #11: Deriving Nuanced Words Phonetically ===

: Words which follow Rule #11 are those that are connected by a similarity of meaning or quality. These words differ by nuances and it is phonetic nuances that govern their formation.

: These nuances are obtained by:

:* Addition of a subordinal vowel of the same type as the ordinal vowel.

:: These vowels are:

::: '''a''' for '''a''' and '''ya'''
::: '''e''' for '''e''' and '''ye'''
::: '''i''' for '''i''' and '''yi'''
::: '''o''' for '''o''' and '''yo'''
::: '''u''' for '''u''' and '''yu'''

:: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Creating Nuances with a Doubled Vowel
|-
! Word !! Nuanced Derivation
|-
| '''nad'''....''line'' || '''naad'''....''rail''
|-
| '''dob'''....''state'' || '''doob'''....''nation''
|-
| '''vyab'''....''rule'' || '''vyayab'''....''system''
|-
| '''boka'''....''sick'' || '''booka'''....''tired''
|-
| '''nog'''....''degree'' || '''noog'''....''phase''
|-
| '''bil'''....''milk'' || '''biil'''....''juice''
|}

:* Post-y-gliding the ordinal vowel or subordinal vowel, to produce a nuance of '''''less''''' intensity:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Deintensification with Post-y-gliding
|-
! Word !! Mitigated Derivation
|-
| '''ifer'''....''love'' || '''iyfer'''....''like''
|-
| '''iva'''....''happy'' || '''iyva'''....''glad''
|-
| '''zyutom'''....''tower'' || '''zyutoym'''....''turret''
|-
| '''ama'''....''hot'' || '''ayma'''....''warm''
|-
| '''oma'''....''cold'' || '''oyma'''....''cool''
|}

:* Pre-y-gliding the ordinal vowel or subordinal vowel, to produce a nuance of '''''greater''''' intensity:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Intensification with Pre-y-Gliding
|-
! Word !! Enhanced Derivation
|-
| '''pot'''....''wild animal'' || '''pyot'''....''predator animal''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''pyat'''....''bird of prey''
|-
| '''tod'''....''family'' || '''tyod'''....''people''
|-
| '''oma'''....''cold'' || '''yoma'''....''frozen''
|-
| '''nuxer'''....''pay'' || '''nyuxer'''....''deliver''
|-
| '''nexer'''....''save'' || '''nyexer'''....''store''
|}


:* Following the ordinal vowel or the consonant with the intensifying liquid '''l''' or the further intensifying liquid '''r''':

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Intensification with L and R
|-
! Word !! L-Intensitifed || R-Intensified
|-
| '''ifer'''....''love'' || '''ifler'''....''be fond of'' || '''ifrer'''....''adore''
|-
| '''iva'''....''happy'' || '''ivla'''....''content'' || '''ivra'''....''delighted''
|-
| '''vaa'''....''affirmative'' || '''vlaa'''....''sure'' || '''vraa'''....''indubitable''
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''agla'''....''huge'' || '''agra'''....''immense''
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gala'''....''multiple'' || '''gara'''....''exponential''
|-
| '''baer'''....''lean on'' || '''baler'''....''press'' || '''barer'''....''crush''
|-
| '''yexer'''....''work'' || '''yexler'''....''labor'' || '''yexrer'''....''toil, slave''
|-
| '''yixer'''....''use'' || '''yixler'''....''hire'' || '''yixrer'''....''exploit''
|}
:* Adding consonants other than '''l''' or '''r''' as the generic consonant:

: Some words have so many nuanced varieties that other letters like '''t''', '''f''', '''s''', '''k''', and '''z''' are used, eg.:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Creating Nuances with Other Consonants
|-
! Word !! Nuanced Derivation
|-
| '''fia'''....''good'' || '''fika'''....''perfect''&lt;br&gt;'''fira'''....''excellent''
|-
| '''fua'''....''bad'' || '''futa'''....''wicked''&lt;br&gt;'''fura'''....''rotten''
|-
| '''gea'''....''equal'' || '''geta'''....''identical''&lt;br&gt;'''gela'''....''alike''
|-
| '''vyaa'''....''true'' || '''vyaka'''....''correct''&lt;br&gt;'''vyama'''....''real''
|-
| '''vyoa'''....''false'' || '''vyoka'''....''incorrect''&lt;br&gt;'''vyoma'''....''fake''
|-
| '''yiga'''....''hard'' || '''yigza'''....''sour''&lt;br&gt;'''yigla'''....''brusk''&lt;br&gt;'''yigra'''....''brutal''
|-
| '''yuga'''....''soft'' || '''yugfa'''....''smooth''&lt;br&gt;'''yugla'''....''tender''&lt;br&gt;'''yugra'''....''mild''
|}

:* Transforming the generic consonant from voiced to unvoiced or vice versa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Voicing or Devoicing Consonants for Nuance
|-
! Word !! Nuanced Derivation 
|-
| '''nab'''....''row'' || '''nap'''....''order''
|-
| '''vyava'''....''just'' || '''vyafa'''....''precise''
|-
| '''jwab'''....''minute'' || '''jwap'''....''moment''
|-
| '''jweb'''....''second'' || '''jwep'''....''instant''
|-
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''tap'''....''physique''
|-
| '''tob'''....''person'' || '''top'''....''soul, animus''
|-
| '''nov'''....''linen'' || '''nof'''....''cloth''
|-
| '''naz'''....''value'' || '''nas'''....''money''
|-
| '''nag'''....''dimension'' || '''nak'''...''unit of measurement''
|}
=== Rule #12: Reduplication ===
: Repeating a word, or '''''reduplication''''', is a way of intensifying it.  Here are some exampled of reduplication:

::* '''xeus'''....''noise'' --&gt; '''xeusxeus'''....''racket, hubbub, uproar''
::* '''pas'''....''movement'' --&gt; '''paspas'''....''commotion, bustle, tumult''
::* '''bas'''....''stir'' --&gt; '''basbas'''....''brouhaha, ado, kerfuffle''

== Technical Nomenclature ==
: The sections below describe how techical vocabulary is developed in Mirad.  In most cases, there are common, ordinary words, but these are supplemented with less common, technical terms that are usually somehow based on an international nomenclature standard.  Typically, the common words share a stem, which is prefixed with ordinal syllables that group words of the basis of some like features.  
=== Zoological Nomenclature ===
{{status|100%}}
[[File:Animal diversity.jpg|thumb|]]
: The names of animals are formed in a systematic way.
==== Base Names ====
: First of all, the base stem of all animal names (except human) begin with '''p''' (mobile) and end with '''t''' (sentient), the idea being that animals are moving, sentient creatures.

: The vowels in the stem are geo-specific and indicate whether the animal inhabits the air ('''a'''), water ('''i'''), land ('''e'''), or a hybrid of these; whether it is wild ('''o'''), tame, or predatory ('''y'''); and a few other features, as shown in the chart below:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Animal Base Names in Geo-specific Terms
|-
! Type !! Air = a !! Water = i !! Land = e !! Anywhere = o
|- valign=top
!row=1| Ordinary 
|'''pat'''....''bird'' || '''pit'''....''fish'' || '''pet'''....''domestic land animal'' || '''pot'''....''wild animal''
|- valign=top
!row=1| Predatory 
|'''pyat'''....''raptor'' || '''pyit'''....''predatory fish'' || '''pyet'''....''reptile'' ||'''pyot'''....''predatory animal''
|- valign=top
!row=1| Hybrid
|'''piat'''....''waterfowl''&lt;br&gt;'''pelat'''....''flying insect''&lt;br&gt;'''paet'''....''flightless bird'' ||'''piit'''....''crustacean''&lt;br&gt;'''pilt'''....''marine invertebrate''&lt;br&gt;'''peit'''....''mammalian fish''&lt;br&gt;'''pyeit'''....''mollusk''|| '''payet'''....''flying reptile''&lt;br&gt;'''piyet'''....''batracian''&lt;br&gt;'''peyet'''....''worm''&lt;br&gt;'''pelt'''....''insect'' ||'''piot'''....''aquatic mammal''
|}

==== Derived Names ====
: The names of different species of animals are derived by prefixing syllables to the base names that are obtained from the Latin names in the [https://www.itis.gov/| Linnaean taxonomy].  In that taxonomy, all of the dog or dog-like animal species are ranked under the family name '''Canidae''' (''canids'').  The family prefix is derived by taking the first syllable and spelling it in Mirad as it is pronounced in Latin.  ''Ca'' in Latin is pronounced '''ka'''.  See the table below in which Latin spellings are given in Mirad.  In this family, one dog species is domestic, Canis familiaris, while all the others are wild or predatory.  So, to derive the word for the common domesticated dog, we would affix the family taxonomic prefix '''ka''' to the base name for domestic land animal '''pet''', yielding '''kapet''' (''dog'').  All other members of the dog family end in '''pot''' (feral animal) or '''pyot''' (predatory animal).  The taxonomic prefix must contain at least one consonant and one vowel.  If not, the prefix derived from the Latin taxon is extended until that rule is met. The taxonomic syllables are prefixed to the base animal type name in reverse order of the Linnaean; for example, ''prairie dog'' (which is not a dog, but a rodent) is rendered by '''ci&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;xi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;ro&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;pot''' from '''&lt;u&gt;Ro&lt;/u&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;dentia &lt;u&gt;Sci&lt;/u&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;uridae &lt;u&gt;Cy&lt;/u&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;nomys''', where '''pot''' is the basic animal type ''wild animal''.  All rodents have the taxonomic syllable '''ro''' from the Latin &quot;order&quot; taxon ''Rodentia'', while all squirrel names will have the syllable '''xi''' from a pronunciation spelling of the Latin &quot;family&quot; taxon ''&lt;u&gt;Sci&lt;/u&gt;uridae'' ('''&lt;u&gt;xi&lt;/u&gt;uriday''').  The following shows the system as it is applied to the dog family:

:: &lt;u&gt;Ca&lt;/u&gt;nidae (''dog family'')  &gt; 
::: '''&lt;u&gt;ka&lt;/u&gt;pet'''...''the common domestic dog'' (only one species, ''Canis familiaris'')
::: '''&lt;u&gt;ka&lt;/u&gt;pot'''...''wild dog''
::: '''&lt;u&gt;ka&lt;/u&gt;pyot'''...''predatory dog''

: Species under '''kapyot''' are derived by taking the first syllables of the respective Latin binomial (and sometimes trinomial) species names:
:: ''Canis &lt;u&gt;lu&lt;/u&gt;pus'' &gt; '''&lt;u&gt;lu&lt;/u&gt;kapyot'''...''gray wolf (or just wolf)''
:: ''Canis &lt;u&gt;la&lt;/u&gt;trans'' &gt; '''&lt;u&gt;la&lt;/u&gt;kapyot'''...''coyote, prairie wolf''
::: ''Canis latrans &lt;u&gt;les&lt;/u&gt;tes'' &gt; '''&lt;u&gt;les&lt;/u&gt;lakapyot'''...''mountain coyote''
:: ''Canis &lt;u&gt;au&lt;/u&gt;rus'' &gt; '''&lt;u&gt;aw&lt;/u&gt;kapyot''' &gt; ''jackal, golden jackal''
::: ''Canis aurus &lt;u&gt;cur&lt;/u&gt;ensis'' &gt; '''&lt;u&gt;kur&lt;/u&gt;awkapyot'''....''Indochinese jackal''
:: ''Canis &lt;u&gt;vul&lt;/u&gt;pus'' &gt; '''&lt;u&gt;vul&lt;/u&gt;kapyot'''...''fox, red fox''

: If the taxonomic syllable ends in a vowel and precedes another syllable beginning with a vowel, the first taxonomic syllable is extended until it ends in a consonant.  In the case of the Indochinese jackal, the base is '''awkapyot''' and the taxonomic syllable to be prefixed from ''curensis'' would normally be '''ku''', but it has to be extended to '''kur''' because the base begins in a vowel.

: The conversion of Latin/Greek spellings to Mirad is governed by the following chart:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Latin/Greek - Mirad correspondences
|-
! Latin/Greek Spelling !! Latin Sound !! Mirad Spelling !! Example
|-
| ''au'' || ''aw'' || '''aw''' || ''&lt;u&gt;au&lt;/u&gt;rus''....'''aw-'''
|-
| ''eu'' || ''ew'' || '''ew''' || ''&lt;u&gt;eu&lt;/u&gt;ropa''....'''ew-'''
|-
| ''ai''&lt;br&gt;''ae'' ||  ''ay'' || '''ay''' || ''&lt;u&gt;ae&lt;/u&gt;gyptus''....'''ay-'''
|-
| ''ei'' &lt;br&gt; ''ey'' || ''ey'' || '''ey''' || ''Rh&lt;u&gt;ei&lt;/u&gt;dae''....'''&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''oe'' || ''oy'' || '''oy''' || ''F&lt;u&gt;oe&lt;/u&gt;niculum''....'''oy'''
|-
| ''ua'' || ''wa'' || '''wa''' || ''s&lt;u&gt;ua&lt;/u&gt;vis''....'''s&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''ca/co/cu'' || ''ka/ko/ku'' || '''ka/ko/ku''' || ''&lt;u&gt;ca&lt;/u&gt;nis''....'''&lt;u&gt;ka&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''ce/ci/cy''' || ''che/chi/chi'' || '''ce/ci/cy''' || ''&lt;u&gt;cy&lt;/u&gt;pris''....'''&lt;u&gt;ci&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''y'' || ''i'' || '''i''' || ''c&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;pris''....'''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''g''' || ''g'' || '''g''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Ge&lt;/u&gt;ococcyx''/''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt;stropoda''....'''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''ch'' || ''k'' || '''k''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Chi&lt;/u&gt;roptera''....'''&lt;u&gt;ki&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''ph'' || ''f'' || '''f''' ||''S&lt;u&gt;ph&lt;/u&gt;yrapicus''....'''&lt;u&gt;f&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''rh'' || ''r'' || '''r''' || ''Rh&lt;u&gt;ei&lt;/u&gt;dae''....'''&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''x'' || ''ks'' || '''ks''' || ''Lo&lt;u&gt;x&lt;/u&gt;odonta''....'''&lt;u&gt;ks&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''qu'' || ''kw'' || '''kw''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Qu&lt;/u&gt;ercus''....'''&lt;u&gt;kw&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''j'' || ''y'' || '''j''' || ''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt;lianus''....'''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''sci'' || ''shi'' || '''xi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Sci&lt;/u&gt;uridae''....'''&lt;u&gt;xi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''th'' || ''t'' || '''t''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Th&lt;/u&gt;unnus''....'''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''cci'' || ''ksi'' || '''ksi''' || ''Va&lt;u&gt;cc&lt;/u&gt;inus''....'''&lt;u&gt;ksi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|}

: Note that double consonants are counted as being two consonants in different syllables.  So, for example, the taxonomic syllable for ''Cinnamomum'' would be '''cin'''.
: The Latin letter ''j'' is represented in Mirad with '''j''' even though it is pronounced like a ''y''.  This is for better recognizability.

==== Genderized and Other Forms ====
: Form the female of an animal by inserting a '''y''' before the '''t''' of the base adult name:

::* '''kapet'''....''dog'' ====&gt; '''kape&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''bitch''
::* '''vulkapyot'''....''fox'' ====&gt; '''vulkapyo&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''vixen''

: Form the specific male of an animal by inserting a '''w''' right after the '''p''' of the base adult name, unless the base name begins with '''py''' in which case the '''w''' is inserted just before the '''t''' of the base name:

::* '''ekpet'''....''horse'' ====&gt; '''ekp&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;et'''....''stallion''
::* '''ovbopet'''....''sheep'' ====&gt; '''ovbop&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;et'''....''ram'' 
::* '''vulkapyot'''....''fox'' ====&gt; '''vulkpyo&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''dog fox''

: Form the gelded version of an animal by inserting an '''o''' after the ordinal vowel of the base male adult name:

::* '''bopet'''....''bovine'' ====&gt; '''bopwe&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''ox''
::* '''gafapat'''....''cock'' ====&gt; '''gafapwe&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''capon''

: The offspring of an animal is formed by suffixing '''-ud''', the stub for '''tud'''....''child'':

::* '''ekpet'''....''horse'' ====&gt; '''ekpet&lt;u&gt;ud&lt;/u&gt;'''....''colt''
::* '''kapet'''....''dog'' ====&gt; '''kapet&lt;u&gt;ud&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pup''
::* '''ovbopet'''....''sheep'' ====&gt; '''ovbopet&lt;u&gt;ud&lt;/u&gt;'''....''lamb''

: The pet name of an animal is derived by suffixing '''-if''':

::* '''kapet'''....''dog'' ====&gt; '''kapet&lt;u&gt;if&lt;/u&gt;'''....''puppy''
::* '''fepet'''....''cat'' ====&gt; '''fepet&lt;u&gt;if&lt;/u&gt;'''....''kitty''

: The diminutive of an animal is formed by suffixing '''-og''':

::* '''supet'''....''pig'' ====&gt; '''supet&lt;u&gt;og&lt;/u&gt;'''....''piggy''
::* '''ekpet'''....''horse'' ====&gt; '''ekpet&lt;u&gt;og&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pony''

: Sometimes, the above derivations can be combined.  The animal '''ekpet'''....''horse'' can serve as an example:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Derivations of Horse
|-
! Variation !! Mirad Name !! English Name
|-
!row=1| Adult 
|'''ekpet'''||''horse''
|-
!row=1| Male 
| '''ekpwet'''||''stallion''
|-
!row=1| Female 
| '''ekpeyt'''||''mare''
|-
!row=1| Offspring 
| '''ekpetud'''||''colt''
|-
!row=1| Female Offspring 
| '''ekpetuyd'''||''filly''
|-
!row=1| Small adult 
|'''ekpetog'''||''pony''
|-
!row=1| Gelded 
| '''ekpweot'''||''gelding''
|}

==== Animal Sounds ====
: The sound that an animal makes can be derived by substituting the '''t''' of the base name with '''d''', the letter associated with communication.  The verb form ends in '''-der''':

::* '''ekpet'''....''horse'' ====&gt; '''ekpeder'''....''to neigh''
::* '''kapet'''....''dog'' ====&gt; '''kapeder'''....''to bark''
::* '''pat'''....''bird'' ====&gt; '''pader'''....''to tweet, chirp''
::* '''serpyet'''....''snake'' ====&gt; '''serpyeder'''....''to hiss''

: A collection of animals can be derived by suffixing '''-yan''' or '''-nyan''':

::* '''lepanfepyot'''....''lion'' ====&gt; '''lepanfepyotyan'''....''a pride of lions''
::* '''ovbopet'''....''sheep'' ====&gt; '''ovbopetyan'''....''a herd of sheep''
::* '''pit'''....''fish'' ====&gt; '''pityan'''....''a school of fish''

: Motions that animals make can be derived by replacing the final '''t''' of the base name with '''-per'''....''to go'':

::* '''serpyet'''....''snake'' ====&gt; '''serpeper'''....''to slither''
::* '''lapet'''....''rabbit'' ====&gt; '''lapeper'''....''to hop''
::* '''ekpet'''....''horse'' ====&gt; '''ekpeper'''....''to gallop''

: The food name associated with an animal can be derived by ending the animal or animal part name in '''l''' (a stub for '''tel''', meaning ''food''):

::* '''supet'''....''pig'' ====&gt; '''supel'''....''pork''
::* '''supetyob'''....''hog leg'' ====&gt; '''supetyol'''....''ham''
::* '''bopet'''....''steer'' ====&gt; '''bopel'''....''beef''
::* '''ovbopet'''....''sheep'' ====&gt; '''ovbopel'''....''mutton''
::* '''bopetud'''....''calf'' ====&gt; '''bopetul'''....''veal''
::* '''appelat'''....''bee''  ====&gt; '''appelatel'''....''honey''

: The habitats of animals are formed by suffixing '''-am'''....''house'', '''-um'''....''cage'', etc. to the base name:

::* '''supet'''....''pig'' ====&gt; '''supetam'''....''pigsty''
::* '''gafapayt'''....''chicken'' ====&gt; '''gafapaytam'''....''chicken coop''
::* '''lepanfepyot'''....''lion'' ====&gt; '''lepanfepyotam'''....''lion's den''
::* '''kapet'''....''dog'' ====&gt; '''kapetam'''....''doghouse''
::* '''forpelt'''....''ant'' ====&gt; '''forpeltam'''....''anthill''
::* '''appelat'''....''bee'' ====&gt; '''appelatam'''....''bee hive''
::* '''pat'''....''bird'' ====&gt; '''patum'''....''birdcage'', '''patsum'''....''nest'', '''patyanam'''...''aviary''
::* '''pot'''....''wild animal'' ====&gt; '''potam'''....''lair''

==== Dog Breeds ====
[[File:The dog book - a popular history of the dog, with practical information as to care and management of house, kennel, and exhibition dogs, and descriptions of all the important breeds (1909) (20785715825).jpg|thumb|]]
: Dog breeds are created by prefixing elements to '''kapet'''....''dog'' that are based on the official World Canine Organization dog breed site [[https://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/]].  This site organizes dog breeds by groups, sections, subsections, and country ownership.

: The base of the dog breed name is '''kapet'''....''dog''.  The group number is converted to the lowercase alphabetic consonants ('''b''', '''c''', '''d''', etc.).  The top or zeroth group is assigned to the ordinal vowel '''o''', so '''bokepet''' is a group category for sheepdogs and cattledogs.  The sections underneath this group change the '''o'''....''zero'' to '''a'''....''one'', '''e'''....''two'', etc.  The subsections below are enumerated with an initial ordinal vowel starting with '''a'''....''one'', '''e'''....''two'', etc.  A particular breed is written as the country adjective representing the breed country of origin, followed a space, and the lowest section name preceded by the number of the country entry alphabetized.  If there is only one entry of that country, no ordinal number is prefixed.

: As an example:

: To get the name for ''basset hound'':
::* Start with the word for dog: '''kapet'''.
: This animal is in Group 6 for scent hounds and related breeds, so the 6th consonant in the Mirad alphabet is '''h'''.  This is prefixed to '''kapet''', with an ordinal vowel representing the section the breed is in, starting with '''a''' for ''one''.  The ''basset hound'' is in Section 1 for &quot;scent hounds&quot;, so the prefix becomes '''ha-'''.
::* '''hakapet''' is a &quot;scent hound&quot; (not to be confused with '''ha kapet'''....''the dog''.).
A basset hound is classified in subsection 1.3 as a &quot;small-sized scent hound&quot;, so the ordinal vowel '''i'''.... ''three'' is prefixed:
::* '''ihakapet''' is a &quot;small-sized scent hound&quot;
: A basset hound is the 1st small-sized scent hound entry under the country Great Britain, so the Mirad word '''a'''.... ''one'' is prefixed (with a '''w''' buffer glide when prefixed to a vowel) and the adjectival word for Great Britain, '''Gebaroma''' is placed in front, separated by a space:
::* '''Gebaroma awahikapet''' is a ''basset hound'', a dog breed name owned by Great Britain.  The name can usually be abbreviated by dropping the country owner name, thus: '''awahikapet'''
&lt;gallery&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;
: Here is a partial representation of the hiararchy as obtained by the World Canine Organization (FCI) site.  Other Mirad dog breed names can be created by consulting the site.

Group 1 = '''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....sheepdogs/cattledogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''b&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....sheepdogs
::::* Belgian only entry = '''Belima bakapet'''....''Belgian shepherd dog''
::::* German only entry = '''Deuma bakapet'''....''German shepherd''
::* Section 2 = '''bekapet'''....cattledogs except Swiss cattledogs
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt;nd entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;bekapet'''....''Welsh corgi (Cardigan)''
Group 2 = '''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....pinscher/schnauzer/Molossoid/Swiss Mountain-/Cattle Dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''c&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....pinscher/schnauzer type
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''c&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....Molossian type
::* Section &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''c&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''Swiss mountain/cattledogs''
Group 3 = '''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....''terriers''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''d&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....large and medium-sized terriers
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;9&lt;/u&gt;th entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;dakapet'''....''Welsh terrier''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''d&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....small-sized terriers
::* Section &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''d&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....bull type terriers
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt;rd entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;dekapet'''....''Staffordshire bull terrier''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;4&lt;/u&gt; = '''d&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....toy terriers
Group 4 = '''&lt;u&gt;f&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....&lt;u&gt;dachshunds&lt;/u&gt;
::::* Germany only entry = '''fakapet'''....''dachshund''
Group 5 = '''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....spitz and primitive types
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....nordic sledge dogs
:::: USA &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt;st entry = '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;gakapet'''....''Siberian husky''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....nordic hunting dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....nordic watchdogs/herders
::* Section &lt;u&gt;4&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....European spits
::* Section &lt;u&gt;5&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....Asian spitz and related breeds
::* Section &lt;u&gt;6&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....primitive types
::* Section &lt;u&gt;7&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....hunting dogs
Group 6 = '''&lt;u&gt;h&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....scent hounds and related breeds
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''h&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''scent hounds''
:::* Subsection 1.&lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;hakapet'''....large-sized hounds
::::* USA &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt;st entry = '''Usoma &lt;u&gt;aw&lt;/u&gt;ahakapet'''....''American foxhound''
:::* Subsection 1.&lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;hakapet'''....medium-sized hounds
::::* Great Britain only entry = '''Gebaroma ehakapet'''....''harrier''
:::* Subsection 1.&lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;hakapet'''....small-sized hounds
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt;st entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;aw&lt;/u&gt;ihakapet'''....''basset hound''
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt;nd entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;ew&lt;/u&gt;ihakapet'''....''beagle''
Group 7 = '''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....pointing dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''j&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''continental pointing dogs''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''j&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''British and Irish pointers and setters''
Group 8 = '''&lt;u&gt;k&lt;/u&gt;akapet'''....retrievers/flushing dogs/water dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''k&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''retrievers''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''k&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''flushing dogs''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''k&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''water dogs''
Group 9 = '''&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....companion and toy dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....bichons
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....poodles
::::* France only entry = '''Ferama lekapet'''....''poodle''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....small Belgian dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;4&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....hairless dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;5&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....Tibetan breeds
::::* Tibet &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt;nd  entry = '''Tibama &lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;lekapet'''....''shih tzu''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;6&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....Chihuahueno
::::* Mexico only entry = '''Mexuma lyakapet'''....''chihuahua''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;7&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....English toy spaniels
::* Section &lt;u&gt;8&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....Japan Chin and Pekingese
::* Section &lt;u&gt;9&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....continental toy spaniel and others
::* Section &lt;u&gt;10&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;alo&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....Kromforhl&amp;auml;nder
::* Section &lt;u&gt;10&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;ale&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....small Molossian type dogs
Group 10 =  '''&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....sight hounds
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''m&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....long-haired sighthounds
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt;st entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;makapet'''....''greyhound''
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt;nd entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;makapet'''....''whippet''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''m&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....rough-haired sighthounds
::* Section &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''m&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....short-haired sighthounds

==== Cat Breeds ====
: The names for cat breeds are generated from the CFA organization's alphabetical list of cat breeds (See [https://cfa.org/breeds/]. You take the first letters of the CFA name up to the first non-initial consonant, and convert them to lowercase.  If the next breed on the list has the same letters, add a Mirad number (1=a, 2=e, 3=i, ...) to distinguish them.  Now, end the word with the Mirad word for cat '''fepet'''.

: This chart shows the process for the first few cat breeds in the CFA list:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Creating Cat Breed Names 
|-
! CFA Name !! First Letters&lt;br&gt;Lowercase !! Number&lt;br&gt;If Any + fepet!! Mirad Name
|-
| ''&lt;u&gt;Am&lt;/u&gt;erican Shorthair'' || '''am'''  || '''a + fepet'''|| '''amafepet'''
|-
| ''&lt;u&gt;Am&lt;/u&gt;erican Wirehair'' || '''am''' || '''e + fepet'''|| '''amefepet'''
|-
| ''&lt;u&gt;Bal&lt;/u&gt;inese'' || '''bal''' || '''bal + fepet''' || '''balfepet'''
|-
| ''&lt;u&gt;Ben&lt;/u&gt;gal'' || '''ben''' || '''ben + fepet''' || '''benfepet'''
|}

=== Color Nomenclature ===
: The word for ''color'' in Mirad is '''volz''', which is mnemonically related to the word for ''flower'' ('''vos''').  The diminutive of ''color'' is '''voylz''', meaning ''tint, shade, hue''.

: The names of common color adjectives in Mirad are based on a scale relating to the natural spectrum, with the first part of the word being the a number representing the spectrum order and the last half being the color stub '''-lza'''. The zeroth-color is no color, simple ''blank'', ''clear'', or ''transparent''.

:: {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Basic Color Words
|-
! 0 - clear !! 1 - red !!2 - orange !!3 - yellow !!4 - green !! 5 - blue !! 6 - purple !! 7 - indigo
|-
|&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; ||bgcolor=&quot;#d30000&quot;|  ||bgcolor=&quot;#fc6600&quot;|  ||bgcolor=&quot;#fff200&quot;|  ||bgcolor=&quot;#3bb143&quot;|  ||bgcolor=&quot;#0018f9&quot;|  || bgcolor=&quot;#b200ed&quot;| || bgcolor=&quot;#4b0082&quot;|
|-
| '''olza''' || '''alza''' || '''elza''' || '''ilza''' || '''ulza''' || '''yolza''' || '''yalza''' || '''yelza'''
|}
: There are some other common colors:
:: {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Other Basic Color Words
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; || '''malza'''....''white'' ||(Associated with '''man''' (''light'')
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#7c4700&quot;| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;|| '''melza'''....''brown'' ||(Associated with '''mel''' (''soil'')
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#222021&quot;| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;||'''molza'''....''black'' ||(Associated with '''mon''' (''dark'')
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#828282&quot;| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;||'''maolza'''....''gray'' ||(A blend of '''malza''' and '''molza''')
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#fc0fc0&quot;|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;||'''aolza'''....''pink'' ||(A blend of '''olza'''....''clear'' and '''malza'''....''red'')
|}

: All other colors are formed by prefixing a word or mnemonic word stub (usually flowers or fruits) to the basic color with hyphenation.  For example:

::* '''mecirufeb-ulza'''....''lime green'' from '''mecirufeb'''....''lime fruit'' + '''ulza'''....''green''
::* '''mim-yalza'''....''aquamarine'' from '''mim'''....''sea'' + '''yalza'''....''blue''
::* '''licirufeb-ilza'''....''lemon yellow'' from '''licirufeb'''....''lemon'' + '''ilza'''....''yellow''
::* '''salpyit-alza'''....''salmon red''
::* '''magmef-alza'''....''firebrick red''
::* '''mim-yalza'''....''sea blue, aquamarine''

: Shaded variants of color terms can be achieved in the following manner:
::# A &quot;light&quot; shade by changing '''lza''' to '''ylza''':  '''uylza'''....''light green''
::# A &quot;-ish&quot; shade by changing '''lza''' to '''lzyena''': '''ulzyena'''....''greenish''
::# A &quot;bright&quot; shade by changing '''lza''' to '''lzayna''': '''ulzayna'''....''bright green''
::# A &quot;dark&quot; shade by changing '''lza''' to '''lzoyna''': '''ulzoyna'''....''dark green''

: Shaded variants can also be created by prefixing adjectival components such as these:

:* '''oz-'''....''-ish, light-''
:* '''az-'''....''bright-, dark-''
:* '''kyu-'''....''light-''
:* '''maz-'''....''bright-''
:* '''eyn-'''....''semi-''

etc.

: Some hybrid colors can be created by mixing the ordinal vowel:

::* '''maolza'''....''gray'' from '''malza'''....''white'' and '''molza'''....''black''
::* '''yaulza'''....''blue-green, cyan'' from '''yalza'''....''blue'' and '''ulza'''....''green''
::* '''maelza'''....''beige'' from '''malza'''....''white'' and '''melza'''....''brown''

: Colors can be made into nouns by dropping the adjectival suffix '''-a''':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ulz&lt;/u&gt; se via volz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Green&lt;/u&gt; is a beautiful color.''
::* '''At gafe &lt;u&gt;yalzayn&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I prefer &lt;u&gt;dark blue&lt;/u&gt;.''

: Colors can also be used to form verbs:
::* '''Iyta teobi &lt;u&gt;alzasa&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Her cheeks &lt;u&gt;turned red (= blushed)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se fia &lt;u&gt;teubip malzaxus&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a good &lt;u&gt;teeth whitener&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Eta teupibi &lt;u&gt;ilzaseye&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Your teeth are &lt;u&gt;yellowing&lt;/u&gt;.''
==== Rarely Used Colors ====
: The more exotic or rare colors can be expressed by the RAL number / 10 in the [[w:List_of_RAL_colors|Wikipedia Chart of RAL Colors]] expressed in Mirad + '''-lz'''.  For example, the color ''golden yellow'' has the RAL number 1004.  Divided by 10 yields the number 104 ('''ase''', in Mirad), thus, the color is named '''aselz'''.  The adjectival form of this color is '''aselza'''.  One advantage of this system is that the colors are grouped by nine classic colors represented by the thousands unit, then subdivided by up to 999 shades of those classic colors, although in practice, the number of shades belonging to each classic color is under 40.  For that reason, the thousands unit is reduced to a hundreds unit in the formation of Mirad color names.
===== Skin colors =====
[[File:Coloured-family.jpg|thumb|]]
: When a color refers specifically to skin tone, the prefix '''tayo(b)-''' is used. The final '''-b''' of '''tayob''' is dropped before a consonant or glide.  The word for ''skin-color'' itself is '''tayovolz'''.  Thus:
::* '''(tayo-)molzat'''....''black(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayo-)malzat'''....''white(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayo-)melzat'''....''brown(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)omalzat'''....''non-white(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)omolzat'''....''non-black(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)omelzat'''....''non-brown(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)eymolzat'''....''half-black(skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)eymalzat'''....''half-white(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayo-)maolzat'''....''mulatto, mixed-skinned person''
::* '''(tayob)olzat'''....''albino''
::* '''hyetayovolza'''....''of any skin-tone''
::* '''hyatayovolzati'''....''people of all colors''
::* '''Iyt se duhotayovolza?'''....''What skin color is she?''

==== Hair Colors ====
: Hair colors are produced by suffixing the color to the word for hair, '''tayeb'''.  The final '''-b''' of '''tayeb''' is dropped before a consonant or '''y'''. The word for ''hair color'' is '''tayevolz'''.
::* '''tayebalza'''....''red-headed, auburn''
::** '''tayebalzayt'''....''an auburn female''
::* '''tayemolza'''....''brunette''
::* '''tayemelza'''....''brown-haired''
::* '''tayebiylza'''....''blond''
::* '''tayemaolza'''....''gray, gray-haired''
:::* '''It gwa tayemaolzaso.'''....''He will go gray early.''
::* '''Duhotayevolza iyt se?'''....''What color hair is she?''

==== Eye Colors ====
: Eye colors are expressed by the prefix '''tea(b)''' followed by the color.  The word for ''eye color'' is '''teavolz'''. In the following examples, '''teab''' (''eye'') becomes '''tea''' before any consonants or glides:
::* '''teayolza'''....''blue-eyed''
::* '''teabulza'''....''green-eyed''
::* '''teamelza'''....''brown-eyed''
:::* '''teamelzat'''....''brown-eyed person''
::* '''teamolz'''....''a black eye''
::* '''teamalz'''....''the white of the eye''
::* '''Duhoteavolza et se?'''....''What color eyes do you have?''

=== Chemical Nomenclature ===
[[File:14LaAc periodic table IIb.jpg|thumb|]]
: The names of chemical elements are formed by converting the abbreviation for the element into Mirad lowercase alphabetic equivalents, then adding '''lk''', a suffix stub for chemicals.  For example, the abbreviation for ''hydrogen'' is ''H''.  So we replace that with the word for lowercase '''h''' in Mirad: '''he'''.  By adding the stub suffix '''lk''', we get '''helk'''.

: Use the names of the '''''small''''' letters of the alphabet as shown below.  The letter name '''ca''' is pronounced '''cha''' as in English ''cha-cha''.
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot; valign=top; align=center
|+ Lowercase Alphabet with Letter Names
|- 
! Lowercase !! a !! b !! c !! d !! !! e !! f !! g !! h !! !! i !! j !! k !! l !! m !! n !! !! o !! p !! q !! r !! s !! t !! !! u !! v !! w !! x !! y !! z
|- align=center |
!row=1| Mirad Name 
| '''a''' || '''ba''' || '''ca''' || '''da''' ||bgcolor=lightgray| || '''e''' || '''fe''' || '''ge''' || '''he''' ||bgcolor=lightgray| || '''i''' || '''ji''' || '''ki''' || '''li''' || '''mi''' || '''ni''' ||bgcolor=lightgray| || '''o''' || '''po''' || '''ko''' || '''ro''' || '''so''' || '''to''' ||bgcolor=lightgray| || '''u''' || '''vu''' || '''wu''' || '''xu''' || '''yu''' || '''zu'''
|}

==== Coding Chemical Elements ====
: The following chart shows some examples of how words for chemical elements are formed:  

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Coding Chemical Elements
|-
! English Element Name !! Abbreviation !! Mirad Name
|-
| ''silver'' || ''Ar'' || '''arolk'''
|-
| ''iron'' || ''Fe'' || '''feelk'''
|-
| ''hydrogen'' || ''H'' || '''helk'''
|-
| ''nitrogen'' || ''N'' || '''nilk'''
|-
| ''mercury'' || ''Hg'' || '''hegelk'''
|-
| ''darmstadtium'' || ''Ds'' || '''dasolk'''
|}

: In chemical compounds, the '''lk''' is used only on the last element of the compound.

: Chemical compounds such as ''H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O (hydrogen dioxide)'' are coded in the following manner.

::# The ''H'' for ''hydrogen'' is rendered as '''he''' (without the '''-lk''').
::# The number 2 refers to two hydrogen atoms, so the Mirad prefix for ''two, bi-'', '''en-''' is prefixed to the '''h''', giving '''enhe'''.
::# The word for ''oxygen'', '''ol''' is added, and, since it is the last element in the compound, the '''lk''' is suffixed.  
::# The English word ends in ''-ide'', which is rendered in Mirad as '''-iyd''', giving '''enheolkiyd'''  

: Such chemical suffix equivalents are given below:

: Given the chemical element ''sulfur'', which has the abbreviation ''S'', the Mirad equivalent for this solid is '''solk'''.  Possible variants of this chemical, plus others, are:

==== Chemical Compound Suffixes ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Chemical Suffix Equivalents
|-
! English Suffix !! Mirad Equivalent !! English Example !! Mirad Equivalent
|-
| ''-ide'' || '''-iyd''' || ''sulfide'' || '''solkiyd'''
|-
| ''-ite'' || '''-iyt''' || ''sulfite'' || '''solkiyt'''
|-
| ''-ate'' || '''-ayt''' || ''sulfate'' || '''solkayt'''
|-
| ''-ine'' || '''-iyn''' || ''iodine'' || '''ilkiyn'''
|-
| ''-ane'' || '''-ayn''' || ''methane'' || '''ahelkayn'''
|-
| ''-ene'' || '''-eyn''' || ''benzene'' || '''ehelkeyn'''
|-
| ''-one'' || '''-oyn''' || ''ketone'' || '''ketoyn'''
|-
| ''-ine'' || '''--iyn''' || ''alanine'' || '''alaniyn'''
|-
| ''-ic'' || '''-a''' || ''ferric'' || '''feelka'''
|-
| ''-ous'' || '''aya''' || ''ferrous'' || '''feelkaya'''
|}

: Note that the numeral prefixes in chemical formulae end in '''-n'''.  : The numeral prefixes ''5'' and ''6'' end in '''-on''' instead of '''-n''' so as to distinguish them from the words '''yan'''....''together'' and '''yon'''....''apart''.

: The chart below shows some of the numeric prefixes:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Numeric Prefixes
|-
! Number !! Prefix !! Example
|-
| '''a'''....''mono-'' || '''an''' || '''anolkiyd'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;xide (O)''
|-
| '''e'''....''bi-/di-'' || '''en''' || '''encalkayt'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;carbonate (C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''i'''....''tri-'' || '''in''' || '''inolkiyd-'''....''trioxide (O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''u'''....''tetr(a)-'' || '''un''' || '''unolkiyd-'''....''tetroxide (O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''yo'''....''pent(a)-'' || '''yoon''' || '''yoonolkiyd-'''....''pentoxide (O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''ya'''....''hex(a)-'' || '''yaon''' || '''yaonolkiyd'''....''hexoxide (O&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''ye'''....''hept(a)-'' || '''yen''' || '''yenolkiyd'''....''heptoxide (O&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''yi'''....''oct(o)-'' || '''yin''' || '''yinolkiyd-'''....''octoxide (O&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''yu'''....''non(a)-'' || '''yun''' || '''yunolkiyd-'''....''nonoxide (O&lt;sub&gt;9&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''alo'''....''dec(a)-'' || '''alon''' || '''alonolkayt-'''....''decoxidate (O&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|}

: Examples:
::* ''carbon &lt;u&gt;di&lt;/u&gt;oxide (C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O)''....'''calk &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;olkiyd'''
::* ''sodium &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;carbonate (Na2C)''....'''nialk &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;calkayt'''
::* ''calcium &lt;u&gt;di&lt;/u&gt;hydrogen phosphate''....'''caalk &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;helk polkayt'''
::* ''glucose (C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;)''....'''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;ca&lt;u&gt;alan&lt;/u&gt;he&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;olk''' (or: '''sakolos''')
::* ''methanol (C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;HOH)''....'''ca&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;heohelk'''
: Note: the '''-lk''' is added only at the end of a compound and before the endings '''-iyd''', '''-iyt''', and '''-ayt''', etc.

==== Names of Atomic Parts ====
: The word for ''atom'' in Mirad is '''gwomulk''', which literally is ''least particle''.
: The main particles in an atom are:
::* '''vamulk'''....''proton'' (positive)
::* '''vemulk'''....''neutron'' (neutral)
::* '''vomulk'''....''electron'' (negative)

: Every atom contains '''mulki''' (''subatomic particles'').

[[File:Standard Model of Elementary Particles.svg|thumb|392x392px|The [[Standard Model]] classification of particles]]
: The principle elementary atomic particles (quarks, leptons, bosons) are named from the alphabetic spellings of the letter abbreviations in the Standard Abbreviations chart to the right, some of which are Greek letters, both upper and lower case. (See [[wikipedia:Subatomic_particle]] ).

::* '''hamulk'''....''hadron''
:::* '''mi-hamulk'''....''meson''
::::* '''pimi-hamulk'''....''pion''
::::* '''kami-hamulk'''....''kaon''
:::* '''ba-hamulk'''....''baryon''
::::* '''lambda-ba-hamulk'''....''lambda baryon''

::* '''vamulk'''....''proton''
::* '''vemulk'''....''neutron''
::* '''vomulk'''....''electron''
::* '''zemulk'''....''nucleon''
::* '''alfamulk'''....''alpha particle''
::* '''fermimulk'''....''fermion''
::* '''goryumulk'''....''nanoparticle''
::* '''kyiazon mulk'''....''graviton''

::* '''bamulk'''....''boson particle''
:::* '''agha-bamulk'''....''higgs particle''
:::* '''agwu-bamulk'''....''W boson''
:::* '''agzu-bamulk'''....''Z boson''
:::* '''gamma-bamulk'''....''photon''
:::* '''ge-bamulk'''....''gluon''

::* '''qomulk'''....''quark''
:::* '''ba-qomulk'''....''bottom quark''
:::* '''ca-qomulk'''....''charm quark''
:::* '''da-qomulk'''....''down quark''
:::* '''ov-qomulk'''....''antiparticle, antiquark''
:::* '''penta-qomulk'''....''penta quark''
:::* '''tetra-qomulk'''....''tetra quark''
:::* '''to-qomulk'''....''top quark''
:::* '''u-qomulk'''....''up quark''
:::* '''so-qomulk'''....''strange quark''

::* '''limulk'''....''lepton''
:::* '''gamma-limulk'''....''photon'' (also: '''manmulk''')
:::* '''mu-limulk'''....''muon''
:::* '''pi-limulk'''....''pion''
:::* '''tau-limulk'''....''tau''
:::* '''vu-e-limulk'''....''electron neutrino''
:::* '''vu-mu-limulk'''....''muon neutrino''
:::* '''vu-tau-limulk'''....''tau neutrino''
:::* '''e-limulk'''....''electron'' (also: '''vomulk''')

: The nucleus of an atom is called '''zemulk'''.  Therefore, '''zemulka''' means ''nuclear''.

=== Musical Nomenclature ===
==== Musical Instruments ====
: The musical instruments are encoded as follows, where all instruments contain the word for musical instrument ('''duzar''' &lt; '''duz''' (''music'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'').  The system is based on a five-way classification system that relates to the way the instrument is played.

[[File:Madras musical instruments and snake charmer's music.jpg|thumb|&lt;small&gt;Madras_musical_instruments_and_snake_charmer's_music&lt;/small&gt;]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Musical Instruments
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
! colspan=2 | Bowed-String
|-
| '''aduzar''' || ''violin''
|-
| '''eduzar''' || ''violin alto''
|-
| '''iduzar''' || ''cello'', ''violoncello''
|-
| '''uduzar'''&lt;br&gt;'''eona uduzar''' || ''bass''&lt;br&gt;''double bass''
|-
| '''yoduzar''' || ''viola''
|-
| '''yaduzar''' || ''fiddle''
|-
| '''yeduzar''' || ''viol''
|-
|- '''yiduzar''' || ''erhu''
|-
| '''yuduzar''' || ''hardanger fiddle''
|-
| '''aloduzar''' || ''kemenche''
|-
| '''aladuzar''' || ''nyckelharpa''
|-
| '''aleduzar''' || ''rebab''
|-
! colspan=2 | Woodwind
|-
| '''faduzar''' || ''flute''
|-
| '''feduzar''' || ''oboe''
|-
| '''fiduzar''' || ''clarinet''
|-
| '''fuduzar''' || ''bassoon''
|-
| '''fyoduzar''' || ''French harp, harmonica''
|-
| '''fyaduzar''' || ''recorder''
|-
| '''fyeduzar''' || ''bagpipe''
|-
| '''fyiduzar''' || ''didgeridoo''
|-
| '''fyuduzar''' || ''piccolo''
|-
| '''faloduzar''' || ''fife, hornpipe''
|-
| '''faladuzar''' || ''ocarina, ocarine''
|-
| '''faleduzar''' || ''sheng''
|-
| '''faliduzar''' || ''duduk''
|-
| '''faluduzar''' || ''bansuri''
|-
| '''falyoduzar''' || ''suling''
|-
! colspan=2 | Brass &amp;#x1f3b7;
|-
| '''voduzar''' || ''horn''
|-
| '''vaduzar''' || ''trumpet''
|-
| '''veduzar''' || ''trombone''
|-
| '''vuduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''avuduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''evuduzar'''&lt;br&gt;--'''ivuduzar'''|| ''saxophone''&lt;br&gt;-- ''tenor saxophone''&lt;br&gt;-- ''alto saxophone''&lt;br&gt;-- ''bass saxophone''
|-
| '''vyoduzar''' || ''tuba''
|-
| '''vyaduzar''' || ''bugle''
|-
| '''vyeduzar''' || ''French horn''
|-
| '''vyiduzar''' || ''cornet''
|-
| '''vyuduzar''' || ''baritone horn''
|-
| '''valoduzar''' || ''alto horn''
|-
| '''valaduzar''' || ''euphonium''
|-
| '''valeduzar''' || ''flugelhorn''
|-
| '''validuzar''' || ''sousaphone''
|-
| '''valuduzar''' || ''clarion''
|-
| '''valyoduzar''' || ''mellophone''
|-
| '''valyaduzar''' || ''climbasso''
|-
| '''valyeduzar''' || ''ophicleide''
|-
! colspan=2 | Percussion
|-
| '''kaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''akaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''ekaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''ikaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''ukaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''yokaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''yakaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''yekaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''yikaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''yukaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''alokaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''alakaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''alekaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''alikaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''alukaduzar''' || ''drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''snare drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''bass drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''tenor drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''steel drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''bongo drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''timbrel''&lt;br&gt;-- ''kettledrum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''hang drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''tupan''&lt;br&gt;-- ''taiko''&lt;br&gt;-- ''spring drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''octoban''&lt;br&gt;-- ''candombe drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''steel tongue drum''
|-
| '''keduzar''' || ''glockenspiel''
|-
| '''kiduzar''' || ''vibraphone''
|-
| '''kuduzar''' || ''marimba''
|-
| '''kyoduzar''' || ''tubular bell''
|-
| '''gaduzar''' || ''triangle''
|-
| '''geduzar''' || ''gong''
|-
| '''giduzar''' || ''castanet''
|-
| '''guduzar''' || ''rattle''
|-
| '''gyoduzar''' || ''xylophone''
|-
| '''gyaduzar''' || ''maraca''
|-
| '''gyeduzar''' || ''caj&amp;oacute;n''
|-
| '''gyiduzar''' || ''cymbal''
|-
| '''gyuduzar''' || ''tambourine''
|-
| '''galoduzar''' || ''steelpan''
|-
| '''galaduzar''' || ''wind chime''
|-
| '''galeduzar''' || ''chime bar''
|-
| '''galiduzar''' || ''celeste''
|-
| '''galuduzar''' || ''clapper''
|-
| '''galyoduzar''' || ''Jew's harp''
|-
| '''galyaduzar''' || ''bazooka''
|-
| '''galyeduzar''' || ''waterphone''
|-
| '''galyiduzar''' || ''balafon''
|-
| '''galyuduzar''' || ''boomwhackers''
|-
| '''geloduzar''' || ''udu''
|-
| '''geladuzar''' || ''thunder sheet''
|-
! colspan=2 | Keyboard &amp;#x1f3b9;
|-
| '''raduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''utekea raduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''agala raduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''sem raduzar''' || ''piano''&lt;br&gt;-- ''player piano''&lt;br&gt;-- ''grand piano''&lt;br&gt;-- ''keyboard''
|-
| '''reduzar''' || ''clavichord''
|-
| '''riduzar''' || ''harpsichord''
|-
| '''ruduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''mufyeg ruduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''maka ruduzar''' || ''organ''&lt;br&gt;-- ''pipe organ''&lt;br&gt;-- ''electric organ''
|-
| '''ryoduzar''' || ''accordion''
|-
| '''ryaduzar''' || ''dulcimer''
|-
| '''ryeduzar''' || ''calliope''
|-
| '''ryiduzar''' || ''melodica''
|-
| '''ryuduzar''' || ''concertina''
|-
! colspan=2 | Guitar  &amp;#x1f3b8;
|-
| '''baduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''seuxa baduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''maka baduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''yoba baduzar''' || ''guitar''&lt;br&gt;-- ''accoustic guitar''&lt;br&gt;-- ''electric guitar''&lt;br&gt;-- ''bass guitar''
|-
| '''beduzar''' || ''banjo''
|-
| '''biduzar''' || ''lute''
|-
| '''buduzar''' || ''harp''
|-
| '''byoduzar''' || ''mandolin''
|-
| '''byaduzar''' || ''ukelele''
|-
| '''byeduzar''' || ''zither''
|-
| '''byiduzar''' || ''lyre''
|-
| '''byuduzar''' || ''cithara, kithara''
|-
| '''baloduzar''' || ''sitar''
|-
| '''baladuzar''' || ''veena''
|-
| '''baleduzar''' || ''koto''
|-
| '''baliduzar''' || ''balalaika''
|-
| '''baluduzar''' || ''charango''
|-
| '''balyoduzar''' || ''hurdy-gurdy''
|}

==== Voice Ranges ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Voice Ranges (Deuz nabyani)
|-
! Mirad !! English !! Meaning
|-
! colspan=3 | Women
|-
| '''yabdeuztoyb''' || ''soprano'' || &quot;high-voice-female&quot;
|-
| '''zeyabdeuztoyb''' || ''mezzo-soprano'' || &quot;high-ish-voice-female&quot;
|-
| '''yobdeuztoyb''' || ''alto, contralto'' || &quot;low-voice-female&quot;
|-
! colspan=3 | Men
|-
| '''yabdeuztwob''' || ''tenor'' || &quot;high-voice-male&quot;
|-
| '''ze-yabdeuztwob''' || ''baritone'' || &quot;middle-high-voice-male&quot;
|-
| '''yobdeuztwob''' || ''bass''||&quot;low-voice-male&quot;
|-
| '''vyo-yabdeuztwob''' || ''falsetto'' || &quot;false-high-voice-male&quot;
|-
! colspan=3 | Boys
|-
| '''yabdeuztwobet''' || ''treble'' || &quot;high-voice-boy&quot;
|}

: Suffix these nouns with '''-a''' to make them adjectives, eg.:
::* '''His se &lt;u&gt;yabdeuztwoba&lt;/u&gt; duznod.'''....''This is a &lt;u&gt;tenor&lt;/u&gt; note.''

==== Solmization Syllables ====
: The syllables used in Mirad to spell out musical notes is like the system used in the English-speaking world:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Solmization Syllables
|-
| '''do''' || '''re''' || '''mi''' || '''fa''' || '''sol''' || '''la''' || '''ti''' || '''do'''
|}

==== Musical Score Elements ====
[[File:Gigault-dernier-kyrie-mm9-12.png|thumb]]
: The semitone or accidental symbols are:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Accidentals
|-
! ENGLISH NAME !!  SYMBOL !! MIRAD NAME !! ENGLISH EXAMPLE !! MIRAD EXAMPLE || MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''flat'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D12C;&lt;/big&gt;|| '''yobwa''' (=''lowered'')|| ''B flat'' || '''B yobwa''' || '''ba YOBwa'''
|-
| ''sharp'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D130;&lt;/big&gt; || '''yabwa''' (=''raised'')|| ''C sharp'' || '''C yabwa''' || '''ca YABwa'''
|-
| ''natural'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D12E;&lt;/big&gt; || '''egxwa''' (=''normalized'')|| ''F natural'' || '''F egxwa''' || '''fe EGxwa'''
|}
: Some staff notation:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Staff Notation
|-
! English Name !!  Symbol !! Mirad Name
|-
| ''staff'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D119;&lt;/big&gt; || '''nuidyan'''
|-
| ''treble clef, G clef'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D11E;&lt;/big&gt; || '''G yijar'''
|-
| ''C clef'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D121;&lt;/big&gt; || '''C yijar'''
|-
| ''base clef, F clef'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D122;&lt;/big&gt; || '''F yijar'''
|-
| ''note'' || || '''nod'''
|-
| ''half note'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D15E;&lt;/big&gt; || '''eyna nod'''
|-
| ''quarter note'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D15F;&lt;/big&gt; || '''uyna nod'''
|-
| ''whole note'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D15D;&lt;/big&gt; || '''ayna nod'''
|-
| ''quarter rest'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D13D; &lt;/big&gt; || '''uyna poys'''
|-
| ''eighth note'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D160; &lt;/big&gt; || '''yiyna nod'''
|-
| ''bar, measure'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D100;&lt;/big&gt; || '''nodzyan'''
|-
| ''ligature'' || || '''yanxus'''
|}

==== Characteristic Features of Music ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Characteristic Features of Music
! Mirad !! English
|-
|'''deup'''||'' beat''
|-
|'''seupan'''||'' cadence''
|-
|'''jes'''||'' duration''
|-
|'''zoyteuz'''||'' echo''
|-
|'''yanseuz'''||'' harmony''
|-
|'''duzneg'''||''pitch''
|-
|'''ijduzneg'''||'' key''
|-
|'''druz'''||'' lyric''
|-
|'''agala duzmus'''||'' major scale''
|-
|'''duznag'''||'' measure''
|-
|'''duznad'''||'' melody''
|-
|'''duzjob''' ||''tempo''
|-
|'''nak'''||'' meter''
|-
|'''ogala duzmus'''||'' minor scale''
|-
|'''duz'''||'' music''
|-
|'''yinig'''||'' octave''
|-
|'''byes'''||'' pulse''
|-
|'''zoyseuzen'''||'' resonance''
|-
|'''deupyan'''||'' rhythm''
|-
|'''duzmus'''||'' scale''
|-
|'''duzdreyn'''||'' score''
|-
|'''seux'''||'' sound''
|-
|'''duzigan'''||'' tempo''
|-
|'''seuzvolz'''||'' timbre''
|-
|'''seuz'''||'' tone''
|-
|'''yanseuz'''||''chord, harmonic''
|-
|'''aybseuz'''||''overtone''
|-
|'''deuzunog'''||'' tune''
|-
|'''deuz'''||'' voice''
|-
|'''seuxnid'''||'' volume''
|}

==== Dynamics ====
: Notations having to do with musical dynamic accents are usually in Italian and are recognized the world over.  For this reason, they are left ''as is'' in Mirad.

: These include:

&lt;div style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-style:italics&quot;&gt;
: &lt;i&gt;a tempo, accelerando, accelerando, crescendo, decrescendo, diminuendo, fermata, forte, fortissimo, glissando, legato, lento, marcato, mezzo forte, mezzo piano, pianissimo, piano, poco a poco, portamento, rallentando, ritardanto, rubato, sforzando, staccatissimo, staccato, subito piano, tenuto, tremolo&lt;/i&gt;, and others.
&lt;/div&gt;

==== Types of Arrangements ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Musical Arrangements
! English !! Mirad
|-
|''a capella song''||'''a kapella deuzun, deuzun boy duzari'''
|-
|''anthem''||'''fizdeuzun, tezdeuzun'''
|-
|''antiphon''||'''duiddeuzun'''
|-
|''aria''||'''arya, awat deuzun'''
|-
|''arrangement''||'''napbeyn'''
|-
|''art song''||'''tuz deuz'''
|-
|''ballad''||'''daz deuz, ifonkex deuzun'''
|-
|''battle hymn''||'''dropek deuzun'''
|-
|''bird song''||'''pat deuzun'''
|-
|''broadway song''||'''Broadway deuzun'''
|-
|''campfire song''||'''tamoftem deuzun'''
|-
|''cantata''||'''kantata'''
|-
|''canticle''||'''efyadeuzun'''
|-
|''carol''||'''ivdeuzun'''
|-
|''chant''||'''yagdeuzun'''
|-
|''choral arrangement''||'''deuzutyan napxeyn'''
|-
|''Christmas carol''||'''Kristtaj ivdeuzun'''
|-
|''classical song''||'''visauna deuzun'''
|-
|''composition''||'''duzdrun'''
|-
|''concerto''||'''koncerto'''
|-
|''country song''||'''odom deuzun, meimtyoda deuzun'''
|-
|''dance song''||'''daz deuzun'''
|-
|''dirge''||'''uvdeuzun'''
|-
|''ditty''||'''deuzog'''
|-
|''doggerel verse''||'''dizdeuzun'''
|-
|''drinking song''||'''tilien deuzun'''
|-
|''duet''||'''ewat (deuzun)'''
|-
|''folksong''||'''tyoyd deuzun'''
|-
|''glee''||'''Gebama deuzun'''
|-
|''gospel song''||'''fyadin deuzun'''
|-
|''hip hop song''||'''hip hop deuzun'''
|-
|''hit song''||'''agakus deuzun'''
|-
|''hymn''||'''fyadeuzun '''
|-
|''instrumental''||'''duzarun'''
|-
|''jingle''||'''nundeuzunog'''
|-
|''karaoke song''||'''karaoke deuzun'''
|-
|''love song''||'''ifon deuzun'''
|-
|''lullaby''||'''tudet deuzun'''
|-
|''lute song''||'''riduzar deuzun'''
|-
|''madrigal''||'''duzuka deuzun'''
|-
|''marching song''||'''doptyopen deuzun'''
|-
|''medley''||'''ebmulxwa deuzyan'''
|-
|''metal song''||'''mug deuzun'''
|-
|''musical number''||'''duzun'''
|-
|''old standard''||'''ajdeuzun'''
|-
|''opera''||'''dyuz, dyuzun'''
|-
|''oratorio''||'''oratoryo'''
|-
|''paean''||'''akrun deuzun'''
|-
|''partsong''||'''gon deuzun'''
|-
|''patter song''||'''deuzig'''
|-
|''pop song''||'''tyoda deuzun'''
|-
|''psalm''||'''afyadeuzun'''
|-
|''rock song''||'''rok deuzun'''
|-
|''round''||'''zoydea deuzun'''
|-
|''sea shanty''||'''mim deuz'''
|-
|''show tune''||'''duez deuzun'''
|-
|''signature song''||'''ujak deuzun'''
|-
|''slow jam''||'''bluz deuzun'''
|-
|''soliloquy''||'''awat, awat deuzun'''
|-
|''solo''||'''awat (duzun), awat (deuzun)'''
|-
|''song''||'''deuzun'''
|-
|''spiritual, negro spiritual''||'''topa deuzun'''
|-
|''sporting song''||'''tapifek deuzun'''
|-
|''symphony''||'''viduzunyag'''
|-
|''theme song''||'''texzena deuz'''
|-
|''torch song''||'''ifonok uvdeuzun'''
|-
|''vaudeville song''||'''Vaudeville deuzun'''
|-
|''Wienerlied''||'''Viena deuzun'''
|}

==== Musicians ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Musicians
! English !! Mirad
|-
|''musician''||'''duzut, duztoyb, duzuyt, duztwob'''
|-
|''instrumentalist''||'''duzarut'''
|-
|''violinist''||'''aduzarut'''
|-
|''conductor''||'''duzdeb''', '''duzutyaneb'''
|-
|''soloist''||'''anduzut'''
|-
|''singer, vocalist''||'''deuzut'''
|-
|''danseur''||'''dyaztwob'''
|-
|''ballerina''||'''dyazuyt, dyaztoyb'''
|-
|''dancer''||'''dazut, dazuyt'''
|-
|''opera singer''||'''dyuzut, dyuzuyt'''
|-
|''operatist, librettist''||'''dyuzdrut'''
|-
|''composer''||'''duzdrut'''
|-
|''lyricist, songwriter''||'''deuzdrut'''
|-
|''dance conductor''||'''dazeb'''
|-
|''(symphony) orchestra''||'''duzarutyan'''
|-
|''philharmonic orchestra''||'''duzarutyanag'''
|-
|''chorus, chorale'' ||'''deuzutyan'''
|-
|''dance troupe''||'''dazutyan'''
|}

==== Song Parts ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Song Parts
! Mirad !! English
|-
|'''ujgon'''||''coda''
|-  
|'''ijgon'''||''intro''
|-
|'''ebek'''||''interlude''
|-
|'''ijek'''||''finale''
|-
|'''gawijun'''||''reprise''
|-
|'''gawdeuzun'''||''refrain''
|-
|'''agalduznad'''||''theme''
|-
|'''nadyan'''||''verse''
|-
|'''zeymep'''||''bridge''
|-
|'''gawdwas'''||''chorus''
|-
|'''ujnadyan'''||''outro''
|}

==== Music Genres ====
: Some genres and styles of music:
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Genres of Music
! Mirad !! English
|-
|'''a kapella, boy duzari'''||''a capella''
|-
|'''yugtaxea duz'''||''ambiant''
|-
|'''Usoma tyoyduz'''||''American folk''
|-
|'''Usoma egona duz'''||''American standard''
|-
|'''yizejna'''||''avant garde''
|-
|'''Baroka'''||''Baroque''
|-
|'''yolza vab'''||''bluegrass''
|-
|'''bluz'''||''blues''
|-
|'''Bolliwud'''||''Bollywood''
|-
|'''bossa nova'''||''bossa nova''
|-
|'''kalipso'''||''calypso''
|-
|'''Kelta yagdeuz'''||''Celtic chant''
|-
|'''Canima tyoyduz'''||''Chinese folk''
|-
|'''Canima ajutbyena dyuz'''||''Chinese traditional opera''
|-
|'''jejoba deupyan ay bluz'''||''contemporary R&amp;B''
|-
|'''maima bluz'''||''country blues''
|-
|'''maima duz'''||''country music''
|-
|'''maima pop'''||''country pop''
|-
|'''maima rap'''||''country rap''
|-
|'''maima rok'''||''country rock''
|-
|'''dazam pop'''||''dancehall pop''
|-
|'''disko'''||''disco''
|-
|'''du-wop'''||''doo-wop''
|-
|'''maka dauz'''||''electronic dance music (EDM)''
|-
|'''yugtaxea duz'''||''elevator music''
|-
|'''Euma disko'''||''Euro-disco''
|-
|'''jwayeka'''||''experimental''
|-
|'''flamenko'''||''flamenco''
|-
|'''funk'''||''funk''
|-
|'''Gregoria yagdeuz'''||''Gregorian chant''
|-
|'''hip-hop'''||''hip-hop''
|-
|'''honki-tonk'''||''honky-tonk''
|-
|'''hyusuna rok'''||''Indie rock''
|-
|'''jaz'''||''jazz''
|-
|'''makjaz'''||''jazztronica''
|-
|'''juju'''||''juju''
|-
|'''fyaxela duz'''||''liturgical music''
|-
|'''majika'''||''majika''
|-
|'''mamo'''||''mambo''
|-
|'''merengwe'''||''merengue''
|-
|'''mesitzo'''||''mesitzo''
|-
|'''mug'''||''metal''
|-
|'''Mixuma duz'''||''Mexican''
|-
|'''seuz bi Naxvil'''||''Nashville sound''
|-
|'''Ejna Orleans bluz'''||''New Orleans blues''
|-
|'''dyuz'''||''opera''
|-
|'''rancera'''||''ranchera''
|-
|'''rap'''||''rap''
|-
|'''rege'''||''reggae''
|-
|'''deupyan ay blus, ro-ay-ba'''||''rhythm &amp; blues''
|-
|'''rok-ay-rol'''||''rock &amp; roll''
|-
|'''salsa'''||''salsa''
|-
|'''samba'''||''samba''
|-
|'''ska'''||''ska''
|-
|'''galoduzaruta duz'''||''steel band music''
|-
|'''swing'''||''swing''
|-
|'''Tehano'''||''Tejano''
|-
|'''eyntuj duz'''||''trance music''
|-
|'''Zumera visauna'''||''Western classical''
|-
|'''Zumeryena'''||''Western''
|-
|'''zideko'''||''zydeco''
|}

=== Geographic Placenames ===

: As in English, Geograpic placenames are capitalized, including the languages and inhabitants.

==== Countries of the World ====
[[File:Flickr - …trialsanderrors - Johnson's new chart of national emblems, 1868.jpg|thumb|]]

Below is a complete list of the current officially assigned ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 codes, with country names being English short country names officially used by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).  The Mirad equivalents are formed by replacing the letters of the ISO code with the lowercase Mirad alphabetic spells, except if  the letter is followed by a vowel, in which case the ISO letter is kept as is, but lower-cased.  The letter '''m''' is suffixed as a stub for &quot;place&quot; and then the word-initial letter is capitalized, eg.:

: Example 1:
: ''Burundi'' is translated as follows:
::* The ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code is BDI.
::* ''BDI'' is lowercased to ''bdi''
::* '''b''' is convered to the Mirad alphabetic spell '''ba'''.
::* Since ''d'' is followed by a vowel, it is left as is: '''d'''.
::* The vowel ''i'' is left as is: '''i'''
::* '''m''' is appended for ''place'': '''badim'''
::* The initial letter of the country name is capitalized: '''Badim'''
::* BDI (Burundi) = '''Badim'''.

: Example 2:
: ''Uzbekistan'' is translated as follows:
::* The ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code is UZB.
::* ''UZB'' is lowercased to ''uzb''
::* '''u''' is left as is: '''u'''.
::* '''z''' is converted to the Mirad alphabetic spell: '''zu'''
::* '''b''' is converted to the Mirad alphabetic spell: '''ba'''
::* '''m''' is appended for ''place'': '''uzubam'''
::* The initial letter of the country name is capitalized: '''Uzubam'''
::* UZB (Uzbekistan) = '''Uzubam'''.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; margn-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot; 
|+ Country Names (click on arrows to sort a column)
! ISO !! English !! Mirad
|-
| ABW || ''Aruba''||'''Abawum'''
|-
| AFG || ''Afghanistan''||'''Afegem'''
|-
| AGO || ''Angola''||'''Agom'''
|-
| AIA || ''Anguilla''||'''Aiam'''
|-
| ALA || ''[[w:Åland|Åland Islands]]''||'''Alam'''
|-
| ALB || ''Albania''||'''Alibam'''
|-
| AND || ''Andorra''||'''Anidam'''
|-
| ANT || ''Netherlands Antilles''||'''Anitom'''
|-
| ARE || ''United Arab Emirates''||'''Arem'''
|-
| ARG || ''Argentina''||'''Arogem'''
|-
| ARM || ''Armenia''||'''Aromim'''
|-
| ASM || ''American Samoa''||'''Asomim'''
|-
| ATA || ''Antarctica''||'''Atam'''
|-
| ATF || ''French Southern Territories''||'''Atofem'''
|-
| ATG || ''Antigua and Barbuda''||'''Atogem'''
|-
| AUS || ''Australia''||'''Ausom'''
|-
| AUT || ''Austria''||'''Autom'''
|-
| AZE || ''Azerbaijan''||'''Azem'''
|-
| BDI || ''Burundi''||'''Badim'''
|-
| BEL || ''Belgium''||'''Belim'''
|-
| BEN || ''Benin''||'''Benim'''
|-
| BFA || ''Burkina Faso''||'''Bafam'''
|-
| BGD || ''Bangladesh''||'''Bagedam'''
|-
| BGR || ''Bulgaria''||'''Bagerom'''
|-
| BHR || ''Bahrain''||'''Baherom'''
|-
| BHS || ''[[w|The Bahamas|Bahamas]]''||'''Bahesom'''
|-
| BIH || ''Bosnia and Herzegovina''||'''Bihem'''
|-
| BLM || ''Saint Barthélemy''||'''Balimim'''
|-
| BLR || ''Belarus''||'''Balirom'''
|-
| BLZ || ''Belize''||'''Balizum'''
|-
| BMU || ''Bermuda''||'''Bamum'''
|-
| BOL || ''Bolivia''||'''Bolim'''
|-
| BRA || ''Brazil''||'''Baram'''
|-
| BRB || ''Barbados''||'''Barobam'''
|-
| BRN || ''[[w:Brunei|Brunei Darussalam]]''||'''Baronim'''
|-
| BTN || ''Bhutan''||'''Batonim'''
|-
| BVT || ''Bouvet Island''||'''Bavutom'''
|-
| BWA || ''Botswana''||'''Bawam'''
|-
| CAF || ''Central African Republic''||'''Cafem'''
|-
| CAN || ''Canada''||'''Canim'''
|-
| CCK || ''Cocos Islands''||'''Cacakim'''
|-
| CHE || ''Switzerland''||'''Cahem'''
|-
| CHL || ''Chile''||'''Cahelim'''
|-
| CHN || ''[[w:People's Republic of China|China]]''||'''Cahenim'''
|-
| CIV || ''Côte d'Ivoire''||'''Civum'''
|-
| CMR || ''Cameroon''||'''Camirom'''
|-
| COD || ''Democratic Republic of the Congo''||'''Codam'''
|-
| COG || ''Republic of the Congo''||'''Cogem'''
|-
| COK || ''Cook Islands''||'''Cokim'''
|-
| COL || ''Colombia''||'''Colim'''
|-
| COM || ''Comoros''||'''Comim'''
|-
| CPV || ''Cape Verde''||'''Capovum'''
|-
| CRI || ''Costa Rica''||'''Carim'''
|-
| CUB || ''Cuba''||'''Cubam'''
|-
| CXR || ''Christmas Island''||'''Caxurom'''
|-
| CYM || ''Cayman Islands''||'''Cayumim'''
|-
| CYP || ''Cyprus''||'''Cayupom'''
|-
| CZE || ''Czechia''||'''Cazem'''
|-
| DEU || ''Germany''||'''Deum'''
|-
| DJI || ''Djibouti''||'''Dajim'''
|-
| DMA || ''Dominica''||'''Damam'''
|-
| DNK || ''Denmark''||'''Danikim'''
|-
| DOM || ''Dominican Republic''||'''Domim'''
|-
| DZA || ''Algeria''||'''Dazam'''
|-
| ECU || ''Ecuador''||'''Ecum'''
|-
| EGY || ''Egypt''||'''Egeyum'''
|-
| ERI || ''Eritrea''||'''Erim'''
|-
| ESH || ''Western Sahara''||'''Esohem'''
|-
| ESP || ''Spain''||'''Esopom'''
|-
| EST || ''Estonia''||'''Esotom'''
|-
| ETH || ''Ethiopia''||'''Etohem'''
|-
| FIN || ''Finland''||'''Finim'''
|-
| FJI || ''Fiji''||'''Fejim'''
|-
| FLK || ''Falkland Islands (Malvinas)''||'''Felikim'''
|-
| FRA || ''France''||'''Feram'''
|-
| FRO || ''Faroe Islands''||'''Ferom'''
|-
| FSM || ''Federated States of Micronesia''||'''Fesomim'''
|-
| GAB || ''Gabon''||'''Gabam'''
|-
| GBR || ''United Kingdom''||'''Gebarom'''
|-
| GEO || ''Georgia''||'''Geom'''
|-
| GGY || ''Guernsey''||'''Gegeyum'''
|-
| GHA || ''Ghana''||'''Geham'''
|-
| GIB || ''Gibraltar''||'''Gibam'''
|-
| GLP || ''Guadeloupe''||'''Gelipom'''
|-
| GMB || ''Gambia''||'''Gemibam'''
|-
| GNB || ''Guinea-Bissau''||'''Genibam'''
|-
| GNQ || ''Equatorial Guinea''||'''Geniqom'''
|-
| GRC || ''Greece''||'''Gerocam'''
|-
| GRD || ''Grenada''||'''Gerodam'''
|-
| GRL || ''Greenland''||'''Gedolim'''
|-
| GTM || ''Guatemala''||'''Getomim'''
|-
| GUF || ''French Guiana''||'''Gufem'''
|-
| GUM || ''Guam''||'''Gumim'''
|-
| GUY || ''Guyana''||'''Guyum'''
|-
| HKG || ''Hong Kong''||'''Hekigem'''
|-
| HMD || ''Heard Island and McDonald Islands''||'''Hemidam'''
|-
| HND || ''Honduras''||'''Henidam'''
|-
| HRV || ''Croatia''||'''Herovum'''
|-
| HTI || ''Haiti''||'''Hetim'''
|-
| HUN || ''Hungary''||'''Hunim'''
|-
| IDN || ''Indonesia''||'''Idanim'''
|-
| IMN || ''Isle of Man''||'''Iminim'''
|-
| IND || ''India''||'''Inidam'''
|-
| IOT || ''British Indian Ocean Territory''||'''Iotom'''
|-
| IRL || ''Republic of Ireland''||'''Irolim'''
|-
| IRN || ''Iran''||'''Ironim'''
|-
| IRQ || ''Iraq''||'''Iroqom'''
|-
| ISL || ''Iceland''||'''Isolim'''
|-
| ISR || ''Israel''||'''Isorom'''
|-
| ITA || ''Italy''||'''Itam'''
|-
| JAM || ''Jamaica''||'''Jamim'''
|-
| JEY || ''Jersey''||'''Jeyum'''
|-
| JOR || ''Jordan''||'''Jorom'''
|-
| JPN || ''Japan''||'''Jiponim'''
|-
| KAZ || ''Kazakhstan''||'''Kazum'''
|-
| KEN || ''Kenya''||'''Kenim'''
|-
| KGZ || ''Kyrgyzstan''||'''Kigezum'''
|-
| KHM || ''Cambodia''||'''Kihemim'''
|-
| KIR || ''Kiribati''||'''Kirom'''
|-
| KNA || ''Saint Kitts and Nevis''||'''Kinam'''
|-
| KOR || ''[[w:South Korea|Korea, Republic of]]''||'''Korom'''
|-
| KWT || ''Kuwait''||'''Kiwutom'''
|-
| LAO || ''Laos''||'''Laom'''
|-
| LBN || ''Lebanon''||'''Libanim'''
|-
| LBR || ''Liberia''||'''Libarom'''
|-
| LBY || ''Libya''||'''Libayum'''
|-
| LCA || ''Saint Lucia''||'''Licam'''
|-
| LIE || ''Liechtenstein''||'''Liem'''
|-
| LKA || ''Sri Lanka''||'''Likam'''
|-
| LSO || ''Lesotho''||'''Lisom'''
|-
| LTU || ''Lithuania''||'''Litum'''
|-
| LUX || ''Luxembourg''||'''Luxum'''
|-
| LVA || ''Latvia''||'''Livam'''
|-
| MAC || ''[[W:Macau|Macao]]''||'''Macam'''
|-
| MAF || ''Saint Martin''||'''Mafem'''
|-
| MAR || ''Morocco''||'''Marom'''
|-
| MCO || ''Monaco''||'''Micom'''
|-
| MDA || ''Moldova''||'''Midam'''
|-
| MDG || ''Madagascar''||'''Midagem'''
|-
| MDV || ''Maldives''||'''Midavum'''
|-
| MEX || ''Mexico''||'''Mexum'''
|-
| MHL || ''Marshall Islands''||'''Mihelim'''
|-
| MKD || ''Republic of Macedonia''||'''Mikidam'''
|-
| MLI || ''Mali''||'''Milim'''
|-
| MLT || ''Malta''||'''Militom'''
|-
| MMR || ''Myanmar''||'''Mimirom'''
|-
| MNE || ''Montenegro''||'''Minem'''
|-
| MNG || ''Mongolia''||'''Minigem'''
|-
| MNP || ''Northern Mariana Islands''||'''Minipom'''
|-
| MOZ || ''Mozambique''||'''Mozum'''
|-
| MRT || ''Mauritania''||'''Mirotom'''
|-
| MSR || ''Montserrat''||'''Misorom'''
|-
| MTQ || ''Martinique''||'''Mitoqom'''
|-
| MUS || ''Mauritius''||'''Musom'''
|-
| MWI || ''Malawi''||'''Miwim'''
|-
| MYS || ''Malaysia''||'''Miyusom'''
|-
| MYT || ''Mayotte''||'''Miyutom'''
|-
| NAM || ''Namibia''||'''Namim'''
|-
| NCL || ''New Caledonia''||'''Nicalim'''
|-
| NER || ''Niger''||'''Nerom'''
|-
| NFK || ''Norfolk Island''||'''Nifekim'''
|-
| NGA || ''Nigeria''||'''Nigam'''
|-
| NIC || ''Nicaragua''||'''Nicam'''
|-
| NOR || ''Norway''||'''Norom'''
|-
| NIU || ''Niue''||'''Nium'''
|-
| NLD || ''Netherlands''||'''Nilidam'''
|-
| NPL || ''Nepal''||'''Nipolim'''
|-
| NRU || ''Nauru''||'''Nirum'''
|-
| NZL || ''New Zealand''||'''Nizulim'''
|-
| OMN || ''Oman''||'''Ominim'''
|-
| PAK || ''Pakistan''||'''Pakim'''
|-
| PAN || ''Panama''||'''Panim'''
|-
| PCN || ''Pitcairn Islands''||'''Pocanim'''
|-
| PER || ''Peru''||'''Perom'''
|-
| PHL || ''Philippines''||'''Pohelim'''
|-
| PLW || ''Palau''||'''Poliwum'''
|-
| PNG || ''Papua New Guinea''||'''Ponigem'''
|-
| POL || ''Poland''||'''Polim'''
|-
| PRI || ''Puerto Rico''||'''Porim'''
|-
| PRK || ''North Korea''||'''Porikim'''
|-
| PRT || ''Portugal''||'''Porotom'''
|-
| PRY || ''Paraguay''||'''Poroyum'''
|-
| PSE || ''Palestinian territories''||'''Posem'''
|-
| PYF || ''French Polynesia''||'''Poyufem'''
|-
| QAT || ''Qatar''||'''Qatom'''
|-
| REU || ''Réunion''||'''Reum'''
|-
| ROU || ''Romania''||'''Roum'''
|-
| RUS || ''Russia''||'''Rusom'''
|-
| RWA || ''Rwanda''||'''Rowam'''
|-
| SAU || ''Saudi Arabia''||'''Saum'''
|-
| SDN || ''Sudan''||'''Sodanim'''
|-
| SEN || ''Senegal''||'''Senim'''
|-
| SGP || ''Singapore''||'''Sogepom'''
|-
| SGS || ''South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands''||'''Sogesom'''
|-
| SHN || ''Saint Helena''||'''Sohenim'''
|-
| SJM || ''Svalbard and Jan Mayen''||'''Sojimim'''
|-
| SLB || ''Solomon Islands''||'''Solibam'''
|-
| SLE || ''Sierra Leone''||'''Solem'''
|-
| SLV || ''El Salvador''||'''Solivum'''
|-
| SMR || ''San Marino''||'''Somirom'''
|-
| SOM || ''Somalia''||'''Somim'''
|-
| SPM || ''Saint Pierre and Miquelon''||'''Sopomim'''
|-
| SRB || ''Serbia''||'''Sorobam'''
|-
| STP || ''São Tomé and Príncipe''||'''Sotopom'''
|-
| SUR || ''Suriname''||'''Surom'''
|-
| SVK || ''Slovakia''||'''Sovukim'''
|-
| SVN || ''Slovenia''||'''Sovunim'''
|-
| SWE || ''Sweden''||'''Sowem'''
|-
| SWZ || ''Swaziland''||'''Sowuzum'''
|-
| SYC || ''Seychelles''||'''Soyucam'''
|-
| SYR || ''Syria''||'''Soyurom'''
|-
| TCA || ''Turks and Caicos Islands''||'''Tocam'''
|-
| TCD || ''Chad''||'''Tocadam'''
|-
| TGO || ''Togo''||'''Togom'''
|-
| THA || ''Thailand''||'''Toham'''
|-
| TJK || ''Tajikistan''||'''Tojikim'''
|-
| TKL || ''Tokelau''||'''Tokilim'''
|-
| TKM || ''Turkmenistan''||'''Tokimim'''
|-
| TLS || ''East Timor''||'''Tolisom'''
|-
| TON || ''Tonga''||'''Tonim'''
|-
| TTO || ''Trinidad and Tobago''||'''Totom'''
|-
| TUN || ''Tunisia''||'''Tunim'''
|-
| TUR || ''Turkey''||'''Turim'''
|-
| TUV || ''Tuvalu''||'''Tuvum'''
|-
| TWN || ''Taiwan''||'''Towunim'''
|-
| TZA || ''Tanzania''||'''Tozam'''
|-
| UGA || ''Uganda''||'''Ugam'''
|-
| UKR || ''Ukraine''||'''Ukirom'''
|-
| UMI || ''United States Minor Outlying Islands''||'''Umim'''
|-
| URY || ''Uruguay''||'''Uroyum'''
|-
| USA || ''United States''||'''Usam'''
|-
| UZB || ''Uzbekistan''||'''Uzubam'''
|-
| VAT || ''Vatican City''||'''Vatom'''
|-
| VCT || ''Saint Vincent and the Grenadines''||'''Vucatom'''
|-
| VEN || ''Venezuela''||'''Venim'''
|-
| VGB || ''British Virgin Islands''||'''Vugebam'''
|-
| VIR || ''United States Virgin Islands''||'''Virom'''
|-
| VNM || ''Vietnam''||'''Vunimim'''
|-
| VUT || ''Vanuatu''||'''Vutom'''
|-
| WLF || ''Wallis and Futuna''||'''Wulifem'''
|-
| WSM || ''Samoa''||'''Wusomim'''
|-
| YEM || ''Yemen''||'''Yemim'''
|-
| ZAF || ''South Africa''||'''Zafem'''
|-
| ZMB || ''Zambia''||'''Zumibam'''
|-
| ZWE || ''Zimbabwe''||'''Zuwem'''
|}

: The adjective for these Mirad country names can be formed by suffixing the adjective marker '''a''', eg:
::* '''Feram'''....''France'' ==&gt; '''Ferama'''....''French''
::* '''Usam'''....''United States'' ==&gt; '''Usama'''....''American''
::* '''Deum'''....''Germany'' ==&gt; '''Deuma'''....''German''

: The inhabitant of a country is formed by changing the final '''m''' of the placename to '''t''' (meaning person), eg:
::* '''Feram'''....''French'' ==&gt; '''Ferat'''....''a French person, a Frenchman''

: The names of country inhabitants can be pluralized and genderized, as other animate nouns, eg:
::* '''Ferat'''....''a French person'' ==&gt; '''ha Ferati'''....''the French''
::* '''Etohet'''....''an Ethiopian'' ==&gt; '''Etohwat'''....''an Ethiopian male''
::* '''Finit'''....''a Finn'' ==&gt; '''Finiyt'''....''a Finnish woman''

: Do not confuse the adjectival name of a country with the language:  '''Ferama''' refers to the country of ''France'', not the language ''French''. ''French'' the language is '''Ferad.'''

==== Continents ====
[[File:Continental models.gif|thumb]]
: The word for ''continent'' in Mirad is '''yanmel''' (= &quot;together-soil&quot;).  The names of the continents in Mirad are formed from the word '''yanmel''' with vectorial prefixes.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margn-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Continent Names
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
| '''Ayanmal''' || ''North America''
|-
| '''Oyanmel''' || ''South America''
|-
| '''Iyanmel''' || ''Asia''
|-
| '''Uyanmel''' || ''Europe''
|-
| '''Eyanmel''' || ''Africa''
|-
| '''Yoyanmel''' || ''Oceania''
|}

: The adjective counterparts of these placenames are derived by suffixing '''-a''':
:* '''Iyanmela'''....''Asian''
:* '''Uyanmela'''....''European''

: By appending '''-t(i)''' to the adjectival names, we get the inhabitants:
:* '''Eyanmelat'''....''an African''
:* '''Ayanmelati'''....''North Americans''

: Note:
&lt;div style=&quot;background: lightyellow&quot;&gt;
:* The ''Americas'' is expressed in Mirad with the hybrid word '''Aoyanmel''' (a combination of North and South America).
:* ''Central America'' is expressed in Mirad by '''Zea Aoyanmel''' (''Central America'')
:* The word '''Usam''' means ''United States of America'' or ''USA''.  The word ''America'' by itself is not used in Mirad; only ''North America'' or ''South America''.
:* The word '''Usamati''' is used for ''Americans'' when referring to inhabitants of the U.S.
:* The word '''Ayanmelati''' is used to refer to North Americans (U.S. and Canada).
:* The word '''Eyanmel-Usamat''', or more briefly, '''Eusamat''' is used for ''African American''.
:* ''Latin America'' is expressed as '''Liada Oyanmel'''.
:* ''A Latino, Latina, or Latinx'' in the U.S. is called '''Liadwut, Liaduyt, or Liadut'''.
:* In some geographic systems, '''Ausom'''....''Australia'' is considered a continent.
&lt;/div&gt;

: The word for ''island'' is '''yonmel''' (= ''separate land'').  An islander is '''yonmelat'''.

==== Oceans ====
: The Mirad word for ocean is '''mimag'''.  The ocean names are formed by prefixing a vectorial ordinal to the word '''mimag''':

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margn-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Ocean Names
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
| '''Amimag''' || ''Arctic Ocean''
|-
| '''Omimag''' || ''Southern Ocean''
|-
| '''Imimag''' || ''Pacific Ocean''
|-
| '''Umimag''' || ''Atlantic Ocean''
|-
| '''Emimag''' || ''Indian Ocean''
|}

==== Compass Directions and Poles ====
: The compass directions ('''merizoni''') and poles ('''mernodi''') are as follows:

::* '''zamer'''....''north''  /   '''zamera'''....''northern''  /  '''zamernod'''....''north pole''
::* '''zomer'''....''south''  /   '''zomera'''....''southern''  /  '''zomernod'''....''south pole''
::* '''zimer'''....''east''   /   '''zimera'''....''eastern''
::* '''zumer'''....''west''   /   '''zumera'''....''western''

: The words '''Yibzamer'''....''Arctic'' and '''Yibzomer'''...''Antarctic(a)'' both use the prefix '''yib'''....''far''.

: Prefixing the directions with '''iz-'''....''due-'' yields:

::* '''iz zamer'''....''due north''
::* '''iz zomer'''....''due south'', etc.

: Directional words can be hybridized, eg:

::* '''zaomera'''....''north-south''
::* '''zuimera'''....''east-west''
::* '''zaumera'''....''north-west''
::* '''zaimera'''....''north-east''

==== Earth Grid Lines ====
: The earth grid lines ('''mernadi''') are as follows:

::* '''zamernad'''....''Arctic Circle''
::* '''zomernad'''....''Antarctic Circle''
::* '''zaomernad'''....''longitude''
::* '''zuimernad'''....''latitude''
::* '''zemernad'''....''equator''
:::* '''abzemernad'''....''Tropic of Capricorn''
:::* '''obzemernad'''....''tropic, Tropic of Cancer''
::::* '''yizobzemernad'''....''subtropic''
::* '''eymernad'''....''meridian''
::* '''mamnad'''....''horizon''
::* '''aonada'''....''vertical''
::* '''uinada'''....''horizontal''
::* '''zyenada'''....''perpendicular''

==== Languages of the World ====
[[File:Wiktionary-logo.svg|thumb|]]
: Mirad names of languages are based on either:
::* the name of the country most associated with the language (English &lt; England, French &lt; France), or:
::* the ISO 639-2 alpha-3 three-letter code. (See [[https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php|Library of Congress ISO639-2 Codes]].

: If formed from the country name, the language name is acquired by replacing the final '''m''' or the country name with '''d'''.  For example, '''Enigem''' (''England''), becomes '''Eniged''' (''English'').  See [[Mirad_Grammar#Countries of the World|Countries of the World]].

: If formed from the ISO 639-2 code, because their is no particular country associated with the language, the letters of the code are replaced with the Mirad lowercase alphabetic spells.  The initial letter is capitalized and '''d''' is suffixed to the word.  A Mirad alphabetic spell in the shape of consonant+vowel loses its vowel before a spell consisting of just a vowel.  For example, '''ba''' + '''e''' becomes '''be'''.
 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Mirad Language Names
|-
! ISO Language Name !! Country or ISO Code !! Mirad Language Name
|-
| Abkhazian  || abk || '''Abakid'''
|-
| Afar  ||  aar || '''Aarod'''
|-
| Afrikaans  || '''Zafem'''....''South Africa''  || '''Zafed'''
|-
| Akan  ||  aka || '''Akad''' (&lt; a + ki + a +d, where ki + a = ka)
|-
| Albanian  ||  '''Alibam'''....''Albania'' || '''Alibad'''
|-
| Amharic  ||  amh || '''Amihed'''
|-
| Arabic  ||  ara || '''Arad'''
|-
| Aragonese  ||  arg || '''Aroged'''
|-
| Armenian  ||  '''Aromim''' || '''Heyud'''
|-
| Assamese  ||  asm || '''Asomid'''
|-
| Avaric  ||  ava || '''Avad'''
|-
| Avestan  ||  ave || '''Aved'''
|-
| Aymara  ||  aym || '''Ayumid'''
|-
| Azerbaijani  ||  '''Azem'''....''Azerbaijan'' || '''Azed'''
|-
| Bambara  ||  bam || '''Bamid'''
|-
| Bashkir  ||  bak || '''Bakirod'''
|-
| Basque  ||  baq || '''Baqod'''
|-
| Belarusian  ||  '''Balirom'''....''Belarusia'' || '''Balirod'''
|-
| Bengali  ||  '''Bagedim'''....''Bangladesh'' || '''Bagedid'''
|-
| Bislama  ||  bis || '''Bisod'''
|-
| Bosnian  ||  '''Bihem'''....''Bosnia'' || '''Bihed'''
|-
| Breton  ||  bre || '''Bared'''
|-
| Bulgarian  ||  '''Bagerom'''....''Bulgaria'' || '''Bagerod'''
|-
| Burmese  ||  '''Mimirom'''....''Miyanmar'' || '''Mimirod'''
|}
...and so on...


: The language names can be adjectivized by suffixing '''-a''', eg:
::* '''Eniged'''....''(the) English (language)'' ==&gt; '''Enigeda'''....''(in the) English (language)''
::* '''Hia Enigeda dreun se testiyofwa.'''....''This English language document is incomprehensible.''

: The language names can be verbalized with the addition of '''-der'''....''to say'', '''-daler'''....''to speak'', and '''-xer'''....''to translate into'', eg:
::* '''Ferad'''....''French'' ==&gt; '''Ferader'''....''to say in French''
::* '''Esopod'''....''Spanish'' ==&gt; '''Esopodaler'''....''to speak Spanish''
::* '''Arad'''....''Arabic'' ==&gt; '''Aradxer'''....''to Arabicize/translate into Arabic''
::* '''Ferad bayse gla Enigedxwasi.'''....''French has many Anglicizations.''

: The speaker of a language is created by adding '''-ut''' or '''-alut''', eg:
::* '''Eniged'''....''English'' ==&gt; '''Enigedut (or) Enigedalut'''....''English speaker''
::* '''Duven et Enigedale?'''....''Do you speak English?''
::* '''Aradu hia dun.'''....''Say this word in Arabic.''
::* '''At se Itadut/Itadalut.'''....''I am a speaker of Italian.''

: Specialized forms, dialects, levels, and regional variants of languages are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Language Variants
|-
! Variation Category !! Example
|-
| '''Ajna'''....''Old/Ancient'' || '''Ajna Eniged'''....''Old English, Anglo-Saxon''
|-
| '''Ejoba'''....''Modern'' || '''Ejoba Perod'''....''Modern Persian, Farsi''
|-
| '''Visauna'''....''Classical'' || '''Visauna Gerocad'''....''Classical Greek''
|-
| '''Vyirina'''....''Puristic'' || '''Vyirina Gerocad'''....''Katharevousa (Puristic Greek)''
|-
| '''Tyoda'''....''Vulgar/Popular/Demotic'' || '''Tyoda Latod'''....''Vulgar Latin''&lt;br&gt;'''Tyoda Gerocad'''....''Demotic Greek''
|-
| '''Fyaxela'''....''Liturgical'' || '''Fyaxela Hebad'''....''Liturgical Hebrew''
|-
| '''Fyadyesa'''....''Biblical'' || '''Fyadyesa Hebad'''....''Biblical Hebrew''
|-
| '''Egona'''....''Standard'' || '''Ejoba Egona Arad'''....''Modern Standard Arabic''
|-
| '''Egema'''....''Egyptian'' || '''Egema Arad'''....''Egyptian Arabic''
|-
| '''Usoma'''....''American'' || '''Usoma Eniged'''....''American English''
|}

: There are some languages with no ISO code that have to be formed in another way, in particular, Mirad itself.
::* '''Mirad'''....''Mirad'' ('''Mir'''....''world'')
::* '''Meurad'''....''Martian'' ('''Meur'''...''Mars'')

::* ''Celtic'', which is the name of a family of languages, is represented by the ISO code &quot;cel&quot; and is therefore called '''Celid''' in Mirad.
::* ''Indo-European'', with the code &quot;ine&quot;, translates to '''Inied''' in Mirad.

==== Cities and Their Residents ====

: Here are some key cities, their adjectival forms, and inhabitants.  The adjective can end in '''-a''' or '''-yena'''.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Cities and Their Residents
|-
! City !! Adjective !! Inhabitant
|-
| '''Paris'''....''Paris'' || '''Paris&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Parisian'' || '''Paris&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Parisian''
|-
| '''Ejna York'''....''New York'' || '''Ejna York&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''of New York'' || '''Ejna York&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''New Yorker''
|-
| '''Rom'''....''Rome'' || '''Rom&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Roman'' || '''Rom&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Roman''
|-
| '''Beijing'''....''Beijing'' || '''Beijing&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''of Beijing'' || '''Beijing&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''resident of Beijing''
|-
| '''Berlin'''....''Berlin'' || '''Berlin&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''from Berlin'' || '''Berlin&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Berliner''
|}
: Examples:

:* '''Berlina diti dyunwe Berlinati.'''....''Berlin citizens are called Berliners.''
:* '''Bostonati bayse Bostonyena deus.'''....''Bostonians have a Bostonian accent.''

=== Playing Cards Notation ===
: The playing card suits and prime denominations are:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Playing Card Suits
|-
! Mirad !! English !! Image
|-
| '''tiib''' || ''heart''|| &lt;big&gt;{{cards|h}}&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| '''melukar''' || ''spade''|| &lt;big&gt;{{cards|s}}&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| '''amez''' || ''diamond''|| &lt;big&gt;{{cards|d}}&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| '''infayeb''' || ''club''|| &lt;big&gt;{{cards|c}}&lt;/big&gt;
|}
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ High Cards plus the Joker
|-
! Mirad !! English !! Image
|-
| '''Az bi tiibi''' || ''ace of hearts''||[[File:Simple_h_a.svg|40px|thumb]]
|-
| '''Edweb bi melukari'''||''king of spades''||[[File:Simple_s_k.svg|40px|thumb]]
|-
| '''Edeyb bi amezi'''||''queen of diamonds''||[[File:Simple_d_q.svg|40px|thumb]]
|-
| '''Yuxtwobet bi infayebi''' || ''jack of clubs''||[[File:Simple_c_j.svg|40px|thumb]]
|-
| '''hihiduut''' || ''joker''|| [[File:Simple_jk_b.svg|40px|thumb]]
|}

: Some useful terms:
::* '''eker drafi'''....''to play cards''
::* '''zyabuer ha drafi'''....''to deal the card''
::* '''ebnapxer ha drafi'''....''to shuffle the cards''
::* '''goler ha nyan'''....''to cut the deck''
::* '''ujber'''....''to fold''
::* '''durer'''....''to bid''
::* '''lokoxer draf'''....''to turn over a card''
::* '''lokoxer ota tuyab'''....''to show one's hand''
::* '''abnabxer'''....''to trump''
::* '''ekdrafnyan'''....''deck of cards''
::* '''nab'''....''suit''
::* '''joper nab'''...''to follow suit''
::* '''kyesdraf'''....''wild card''
::* '''abnaba draf'''....''trump card''
::* '''ha yannas'''....''the pot''
::* '''ha nax'''....''the ante''
::* '''yaber ha nax'''....''to up/raise the ante''

=== Chess Piece Nomenclature ===
{{chess diagram
| tright
| 
|= 

 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|=
 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|  |pd|pd|pd|=
 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |=
 5 |  |  |  |  |pd|  |  |  |=
 4 |  |  |  |  |pl|pl|  |  |=
 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |=
 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl|  |  |pl|pl|=
 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|=
    a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  

| The King's Gambit
}}
: The game of chess is called '''xahifek''' in Mirad.
: The chess pieces ('''xahifek goyni''') are as follows:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Chess Piece Names
|-
! Mirad !! English !! Image
|-
| '''edweb''' || ''king'' || [[File:Chess_klt45.svg|thumb|30px]]
|-
| '''edeyb''' || ''queen'' || [[File:Chess_qlt45.svg|30px|thumb]]
|-
| '''efyaxeb''' || ''bishop'' || [[File:Chess_blt45.svg|30px|thumb]]
|-
| '''ekpetob''' || ''knight'' || [[File:Chess_nlt45.svg|30px|thumb]]
|-
| '''tamaz''' || ''rook''  || [[File:Chess_rlt45.svg|30px|thumb]]
|-
| '''melyexut''' || ''pawn''  || [[File:Chess_plt45.svg|30px|thumb]]
|}
: Some chess terms:
::* ''to checkmate''....'''xahpexer'''
::* ''Check!''....''Xah!''
::* ''Checkmate!''....'''xahpexwa!'''
::* ''chess board''....'''xahifek seym, xahifek drof'''
::* ''to move a piece''....'''paxer goun'''
::* ''to capture a piece''....'''pixler goun'''
::* ''chess clock''....'''xahifek jwobar'''
::* ''chess set''....''xahifek gounyan''
::* ''chess tournament''....'''xahifekanyan'''
::* ''chess player''....'''xehifekut'''
::* ''my turn''....'''ata zyuj'''
::* ''score''....'''aoksag'''
::* ''world champion''....'''miraklut'''

=== Botanical Nomenclature ===
: The plant world is a mighty big place and the names of all those flowers, fruits, vegetables, plants, etc. are very difficult to put into a rational naming scheme any better that the existing one using Latin appelations classified into phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. This botanical world in Mirad, much like the system for coding the zoological world, is coded by a system of syllables that relate to the [https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy|international Linnaean taxonomy].

==== Base Names ====

: So, in Mirad, botanical organism names have at their base the following words:
::* '''fab'''....trees
:::* '''feb'''....''fruits and nuts''
::* '''fayb'''....''vines and shrubs''
:::* '''feyb'''....''berries''
::* '''vob'''....''crops''
::* '''vol'''....''vegetables''
::* '''veel'''....''legumes and beans''
::* '''vos'''....''flowers''

==== Specific Names ====

: To create more specific names, syllables derived from the Greco-Latin Linnaean Taxonomy, spelled to conform to Mirad pronuncation, are prefixed left-to-right onto one of the above base categories, with the left-most syllable representing the most specific taxon.  So, for example, ''pine'' tree is rendered as '''pifab'''.  The '''pi''' prefix is the first syllable of the family of pine trees ''&lt;u&gt;Pi&lt;/u&gt;naceae''.  The '''fab''' ending applies to all trees.  To specify other trees in this family, other syllables are prepended, eg. ''cedar tree'' is '''&lt;u&gt;ce&lt;/u&gt;pifab''' from ''Pianaceae &lt;u&gt;Ce&lt;/u&gt;drus''.  A ''cedar of Lebanon'' is '''&lt;u&gt;li&lt;/u&gt;cepifab''' from the more specific ''Pinaceae Cedrus &lt;u&gt;li&lt;/u&gt;bani''.
: By constructing botanical terms this way, all pine trees can be listed by searching for all names ending in '''pifab'''. 

[[File:171 Magnolien.JPG|thumb|]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ '''Basic Botanical Terms'''
|-
|valign=top|'''fob'''....''plant''||valign=top|'''vob'''....''crop''||valign=top|'''vol'''....''vegetable''||valign=top|'''vos'''....''flower''
|-
|valign=top|'''fab'''....''tree''&lt;br&gt;'''fayeb'''....''leaf''&lt;br&gt;'''faob'''....''wood''&lt;br&gt;'''fayob'''....''bark''||valign=top|'''vab'''....''grass''&lt;br&gt;'''vayob'''....''peel''|| ||'''vosayeb'''....''petal''&lt;br&gt;'''vosayob'''....''sepal''
|-
|valign=top|'''feb'''....''fruit/nut''||valign=top|'''veb'''....''ear/tuft''&lt;br&gt;'''veeb'''....''seed''&lt;br&gt;'''veeyb'''....''grain''||valign=top|'''veel'''....''legume''||'''voseb'''....''capitulum''
|-
|valign=top|'''fib'''....''trunk''||valign=top|'''vib'''....''stem'' || || '''vosib'''....''receptacle''
|-
|valign=top|'''fub'''....''branch''||valign=top|'''vub'''....''blade''&lt;br&gt;'''vulob'''....''thorn'' || || 
|-
|valign=top|'''fyob'''....''root''||valign=top|'''vyob'''....''tuber'' || || '''vosyob'''....''peduncle''
|}

===== Product Names =====
: Products derived from plants are formed with the following words:
::* '''-fiil'''....''juice (from a pome)''
:::* '''licirufeil'''....''lemon juice'' &lt; '''licirufeb'''....''lemon''
::* '''-feel'''....''-ade''
:::* '''licirufeel'''....''lemonade'' &lt; '''licirufeb'''....''lemon''
::* '''-feyl'''....''juice (from a berry or bean)''
:::* '''kofeyl'''....''coffee'' &lt; '''kofeyb'''....''coffee bean''
::* '''-fayel'''....''leaf juice''
:::* '''tefayel'''....''tea'' &lt; '''tefayeb'''....''tea leaf''
::* '''-fil'''....''alcoholic drink/cider''
:::* '''zepofil'''....''bourbon whiskey'' &lt; '''zepovob'''....''corn''
::* '''-fyel'''....''oil/jam/syrup''
:::* '''frarofyel'''....''strawberry jam'' &lt; '''frarofeyb'''....''strawberry''
::* '''-fyeyl'''....''jelly''
:::* '''frarofyeyl'''....''strawberry jelly''
::* '''-ol'''....''grounds/powder''
:::* '''sakol'''....''sugar'' &lt; '''sakvob'''....''sugar cane''

: Individual derivations of these base words are formed exactly as the names of animals in the section [[Mirad_Grammar#Zoological_Nomenclature|Zoological Nomenclature]].  For example, an ''apple'' is from the &lt;u&gt;Ro&lt;/u&gt;saceae family of trees, the genus being ''&lt;u&gt;Ma&lt;/u&gt;lus''.  So the word for ''apple'' becomes '''marofeb'''.  ''Apple tree'' is '''marofab''' and ''apple juice'' is '''marofiil'''.  Thus, ''apple cider'' is '''marofil'''.

===== Crops =====
: Crops are grassy plants that humans cultivate for clothing, food, medicine, or other social needs. Individual crop names are formed by prefixing the base '''vob''' with taxonomic syllables.
[[File:Usdaemmer1.jpg|thumb|]]

: The base words of this group are:

::* '''-vob'''....''crop''
::* '''-vab'''....''grass''
::* '''-vayeb'''....''leaf''
::* '''-veb'''....''ear, cob, head, spike, tuft''
::* '''-veeb'''....''seed, germ''
::* '''-veel'''....''bean, legume''
::* '''-veeyb'''....''grain, kernel, pip''
::* '''-vib'''....''stem''
::* '''-vub'''....''blade, sprig, twig''
::* '''-vyob'''....''tuber''
::* '''-vel'''....''edible product''
::* '''-vil'''....''drinkable product, beer''
::* '''-vyel'''....''syrup''
::* '''-vol'''....''vegetable''

: From the above base words are derived these products, among others:

::* '''sakol'''....''sugar'' &lt; '''sakvob'''....''sugarcane''
::* '''povel'''....''bread'' &lt; '''povob'''....''cereal''
::* '''zepovyel'''....''corn syrup, corn oil'' &lt; '''zepovob'''....''corn''
::* '''zepovil'''....''whiskey, bourbon''
::* '''sepovil'''....''rye whiskey'' &lt; '''zepovob'''....''rye''
::* '''povil'''....''beer''
::* '''epovil'''....''ale''
::* '''avpovob mekil'''....''oatmeal'' &lt; '''avpovob'''....''oat''
::* '''orpovob zyiglal'''....''rice cake'' &lt; '''orpovob'''....''rice''
::* '''mekuvol'''....''melon''

===== Vegetables and Legumes =====
: Vegetables are crops grown by human for food.  Individual vegetable names are formed by prefixing the base '''vol''' (''vegetable'') or '''veel''' (''legume, bean'') with classifier syllables derived from the international Linnean Taxonomy.  Vegetables can consist of bulbs, flowers, fruits, fungi, leaves, roots, seeds, legumes, beans, or stalks.
[[File:Hrushikesh kulkarni vegetables.JPG|thumb|]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Vegetables
|-
! Edible Crop !! Taxonomy
|-
! colspan=2| LEGUMES: EDIBLE SEEDS
|-
|'''faveel'''....''bean'' || ''Fabaceae Phaseolus vulgaris''
|-
|'''lensfaveel'''....''lentil'' || ''Fabaceae Lens culinaris''
|-
|'''glifaveel'''....''soybeen'' || ''Fabaceae Glycine max''
|-
|'''vigfaveel'''....''black-eyed pea'' || ''Fabaceae Faseolus vigna unguiculata''
|-
! colspan=2 | Vegetables: Berries/Fruits
|-
|'''lisovol'''....''tomato'' || ''Solanaceae Solanum lycopersicum''
|-
|'''mesovol'''....''eggplant'' || ''Solanaceae Solanum melongena''
|-
|'''perlawvol'''....''avocado'' || ''Lauraceae Persea americana''
|-
|'''sakuvol'''....''cucumber'' || ''Cucurbitaceae Cucumis sativus''
|-
|'''cinasvol'''....''artichoke'' || ''Asteraceae Cynara cardunculus''
|-
|'''akapsovol'''....''chili pepper'' || ''Solanaceae Capsicum annuum''
|-
|'''abmalvol'''....''okra'' || ''Malvaceae Abelmoschus esculentus''
|-
! colspan=2 |bulbs
|-
|'''amalvol'''....''leek'' || ''Allium ampeloprasum''
|-
|'''cepalvol'''....''onion'' || ''Allium cepa''
|-
|'''alkalvol'''....''shallot'' || ''Alium ascalonicum''
|-
|'''satalvol'''....''garlic'' || ''Allium sativum''
|-
|'''zinvol'''....''ginger'' || ''Zingiberaceae Zingiber officinale''
|-
|'''skoynalvol'''....''chive'' || ''Allium Schoenoprasum''
|-
|'''foynapvol'''....''fennel'' || ''Apiaceae Phoenix dactylifera''
|-
! colspan=2 | melons/gourds
|-
|'''kuvol'''....''squash, gourd''|| ''Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita''
|-
|'''makuvol'''....''pumpkin'' || ''Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita maxima''
|-
|'''mekuvol'''....''melon, honeydew, cantaloupe'' || ''Cucurbitaceae Cucumis melon''
|-
|'''cikuvol'''....''watermelon'' || ''Cucurbitaceae Citrullus lanatus''
|-
|'''pekuvol'''....''zucchini'' || ''Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita pepo''
|-
! colspan=2 | Tubers/Root Vegetables
|-
|'''tusovol'''....''potato'' || ''Solanaceae Solanum tuberosum''
|-
|'''betamvol'''....''beet, beetroot'' || ''Amaranthaceae Beta vulgaris''
|-
|'''rafbravol'''....''radish''|| ''Brassicaceae Raphanus raphanistrum sativus''
|-
|'''kadawapvol'''....''carrot''||''Apiaceae Daucus carota''
|-
|'''nabravol'''....''turnip''|| ''Brassica napus''
|-
|'''cinasvol'''....''artichoke'' || ''Asteraceae Cynara cardunculus''
|-
|'''pasavol'''....''parsnip'' ||''Apiaceae Pastinaca sativa''
|-
|'''eskolaravol'''....''taro'' ||''Araceae Colocasia esculenta''
|-
|'''divol'''....''yam'' ||''Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea''
|-
! colspan=2| Leafy/Flowering Vegetables
|-
|'''bravol'''....''cabbage'' || ''Brassicaceae''
|-
|'''botrolbravol'''....''cauliflower''||''Brassica oleracea botrytis''
|-
|'''gemolbravol'''....''Brussels sprouts''|| ''Brassica oleracea gemmifera''
|-
|'''valkavol'''....''corn salad, lamb's lettuce''|| ''Caprifocilaceae Valerianella locusta''
|-
|'''lakasvol'''....''lettuce''|| ''Asteraceae Lactuta sative''
|-
|'''spinamvol'''....''spinach'' || ''Amaranthaceae Spinancia oleracea''
|-
|'''rupolivol'''....''sorrel''|| ''Polygonaceae Rumex acetosa''
|-
|'''tarasvol'''....''mustard greens''|| ''Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale''
|-
|'''itolbravol'''....''broccoli''|| ''Brassica Oleracea italica''
|-
|'''abmalvol'''....''okra''|| ''Malvaceae Abelmoschus esculentus''
|-
|'''petapvol'''....''parsley''|| ''Apiaceae Petroselinum crispum''
|-
|'''basoclamvol'''....''basil''|| ''Lamiaceae Ocimum basilicum''
|-
|'''orlamvol'''....''thyme''|| ''Lamiaceae Origanum vulgare''
|-
|'''encivol'''....''chicory, endive''|| ''Cichorium endivia''
|-
|'''nasbravol'''....''watercress''|| ''Brassicaceae Nasturtium officinale''
|-
|'''korapvol'''....''coriander''|| ''Apiaceae Coridandrum sativum''
|-
! colspan=2 | Stalks
|-
|'''aspavol'''....''asparagus''|| ''Asparagaceae Asparagus officinalis''
|-
|'''gravapvol'''....''celery''|| ''Apiaceae Apium graveolens''
|-
|'''rewmpolivol'''....''rhubarb''|| ''Polygonaceae Rheum hybridum''
|-
|'''kurzinvol'''....''turmeric''|| ''Zingiberaceae Curcuma longa''
|-
|'''kokarvol'''....''heart of palm, swamp cabbage''|| ''Arecaceae Cocos''
|-
|'''cimpovol'''....''lemongrass''|| ''Poaceae Cymbopogon''
|}

==== Common Flower Names ====
[[File:Madeira-flowers hg.jpg|thumb|]]
===== Flower Parts =====
: Flower names are built on the base name '''vos''', meaning ''flower''.  First, here is a list of flower parts:
::* '''vosayob'''....''sepal''
::* '''vosayeb'''....''petal''
::* '''vosib'''....''receptacle''
::* '''veeybpexus''' or '''vosmekibar'''....''stigma''
::*'''vosij'''....''bud, flower bud''
::* '''tooybgon'''....''pistil''
::* '''veeybyan'''....''pollen''
::* '''twoobgon'''....''stamen''
::* '''twoobgonyif'''....''filament''
::* '''veeybyem''' or '''vosmekuar'''....''anther''
::* '''vosyob'''....''peduncle''

===== Flower Names =====
[[File:Tulipa suaveolens floriade to Canberra.jpg|thumb|]]
: Common flower names are generated by prefixing classifying syllables to the base '''vos''' that reflect the Linnaean taxonomic specification.  Here are some examples:

: '''&lt;u&gt;som&lt;/u&gt;pavos'''....''opium poppy'' (''&lt;u&gt;Pa&lt;/u&gt;paver &lt;u&gt;som&lt;/u&gt;niferum'')
: '''&lt;u&gt;mag&lt;/u&gt;vos'''....''magnolia'' (''&lt;u&gt;Mag&lt;/u&gt;noliaceae Magnolia'')
: '''&lt;u&gt;or&lt;/u&gt;vos'''....''orchid'' (''&lt;u&gt;Or&lt;/u&gt;chidaceae Orchis'')
: '''&lt;u&gt;krokir&lt;/u&gt;vos'''....''crocus'' (''&lt;u&gt;Ir&lt;/u&gt;idaceae &lt;u&gt;Cro&lt;/u&gt;cus'')

=== Computer Terminology ===
[[File:Generic-office-desktop2.svg|thumb]]
: This section will be ever-changing as new technology emerges.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable collapsable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Computerese
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
|'''agna saibyan syaagir'''||''mainframe computer''
|-
|'''absem syaagir'''||''desktop computer''
|-
|'''agbanak'''||''byte''
|-
|'''ajnexer'''||''to archive''
|-
|'''amloagbanak'''||''megabyte''
|-
|'''anay dyewa tax'''||''read-only memory, ROM''
|-
|'''aota syaagir'''||''personal computer''
|-
|'''aottuunyan'''||''profile''
|-
|'''meys'''||''port''
|-
|'''apaxler'''||''to swipe''
|-
|'''aroagbanak'''||''kilobyte''
|-
|'''baler buxnuf'''||''to press/hit a key''
|-
|'''banak'''||''bit''
|-
|'''agdresin kyoxea buxnuf'''||''caps lock key''
|-
|'''buxnuf'''||''key''
|-
|'''buxnufsemes'''||''keyboard''
|-
|'''buxnufseym'''||''keypad''
|-
|'''izeaxus'''||''cursor''
|-
|'''byuxseym'''||''touchpad''
|-
|'''datier'''||''to friend''
|-
|'''dodrer ebdras'''||''to post a message''
|-
|'''dota zeyni'''||''social media''
|-
|'''ebdrer'''||''to text''
|-
|'''dreun'''||''document''
|-
|'''dreuzyufer'''||''to scroll, pan''
|-
|'''droer naab'''||''to delete a file''
|-
|'''drou buxnuf'''||''delete key''
|-
|'''drur'''||''printer''
|-
|'''drurer naab'''||''to print out a file''
|-
|'''drurer'''||''to print out''
|-
|'''druru mays buxnuf'''||''print screen key''
|-
|'''drurun'''||''a printout''
|-
|'''dunexlus'''||''word processor''
|-
|'''dyessiyn'''||''bookmark''
|-
|'''dyezier'''||''to take a movie''
|-
|'''ebdayler'''||''to chat''
|-
|'''ebdaylim'''||''chatroom''
|-
|'''emojin'''||''emoji''
|-
|'''ex buxnuf'''||''function key''
|-
|'''exen vyaab'''||''operating system''
|-
|'''extuundras'''||''program, application''
|-
|'''extuundrasog'''||''app''
|-
|'''extuunmul'''||''software''
|-
|'''extuundrer'''||''to program''
|-
|'''fuk'''||''bug''
|-
|'''fukaya'''||''buggy''
|-
|'''fukober'''||''to debug''
|-
|'''garalyoagbanak'''||''petabyte''
|-
|'''gelxer naab'''||''to copy a file''
|-
|'''googler'''||''to google''
|-
|'''gyia kyos yebiar'''||''solid state drive, SSD''
|-
|'''gyia zyiun yebiar'''||''cd drive''
|-
|'''haydren dyun'''||''login name''
|-
|'''haydrer bay tuyubbal'''||''to log in with one's fingerprint''
|-
|'''haydrer'''||''to log in''
|-
|'''hoydrer'''||''to log out''
|-
|'''huisteaxar'''||''browser''
|-
|'''kyeteaxer'''||''to browse''
|-
|'''hyux buxnuf'''||''alt key''
|-
|'''iber naab'''||''to receive a file''
|-
|'''ila mez sinuar, IMS'''||''liquid crystal display, LDC''
|-
|'''izbex buxnuf'''||''control key''
|-
|'''izbexdrof'''||''motherboard''
|-
|'''kliker ab'''||''click on''
|-
|'''kodun'''||''password''
|-
|'''gawdyunxer naab'''||''to rename a file''
|-
|'''kyabu buxnuf'''||''shift key''
|-
|'''kyea yempuen tax'''||''random access memory, RAM''
|-
|'''kyisier naab'''||''to download a file''
|-
|'''kyisuer naab'''||''to upload a file''
|-
|'''kyisuar'''||''charger''
|-
|'''kyisuer'''||''to charge''
|-
|'''lodatier'''||''to unfriend''
|-
|'''makebdren'''||''email''
|-
|'''makebdrer'''||''to email''
|-
|'''man-oyebubea enmep sinuar, MOES'''||''LED''
|-
|'''mansin dyes'''||''photo album''
|-
|'''mis'''||''window''
|-
|'''naab'''||''file''
|-
|'''naedzyun'''||''trackball''
|-
|'''nagonxar'''||''modem''
|-
|'''neaf mansiniar'''||''web camera''
|-
|'''nexer naab'''||''to save a file''
|-
|'''num yibdalir'''||''cellphone''
|-
|'''belyafwa syaagir'''||''laptop computer''
|-
|'''ooggos'''||''microchip''
|-
|'''oogteexar'''||''microphone''
|-
|'''omijber'''||''to boot up''
|-
|'''omola tyep, OT'''||''artificial intelligence, AI''
|-
|'''gawomijber'''||''to reboot''
|-
|'''paxer naab'''||''to move a file''
|-
|'''paxyafwa yibdalir'''||''mobile phone''
|-
|'''poxu zyumuf buxnuf'''||''scroll lock key''
|-
|'''sagbexu buxnuf'''||''numlock key''
|-
|'''sagseym'''||''number pad''
|-
|'''sam'''||''console''
|-
|'''saunesber naab'''||''to sort a file''
|-
|'''semes syaagir'''||''tablet computer''
|-
|'''sindren semes'''||''graphics tablet''
|-
|'''sindrenyan exlen aun'''||''graphics processing unit, GPU''
|-
|'''sines'''||''icon''
|-
|'''sinuar'''||''screen, display, monitor''
|-
|'''syaager'''||''to compute''
|-
|'''syaagir'''||''computer''
|-
|'''syaagirdal'''||''computerese''
|-
|'''syaagirtun'''||''computer science''
|-
|'''syaagnyed'''||''spreadsheet''
|-
|'''taam mays'''||''home screen''
|-
|'''taampu buxnuf'''||''home key''
|-
|'''sirmul'''||''hardware, physical matter''
|-
|'''taxdrer'''||''to record''
|-
|'''taxmuf'''||''memory stick''
|-
|'''teataxdrer'''||''to video''
|-
|'''teataxdrun'''||''video''
|-
|'''tuunnabyan'''||''database''
|-
|'''tuyab izdar'''||''mouse''
|-
|'''uber naab'''||''to send a file''
|-
|'''uinig buxnuf'''||''tab key''
|-
|'''utmansin'''||''selfie''
|-
|'''yaybdreniv sindren dalzeyn (YSD)'''||''HTML''
|-
|'''yeber'''||''to enter, insert''
|-
|'''yebu buxnuf'''||''enter key, return key, insert key''
|-
|'''yiga zyiun yebiar'''||''hard disk drive, HDD''
|-
|'''yijber naab'''||''to open a file''
|-
|'''yujber naab'''||''to close a file''
|-
|'''yuzpemdrof'''||''circuitboard''
|-
|'''zea exlen aun'''||''central processing unit, CPU''
|-
|'''zoynigxu buxnuf'''||''backspace key''
|-
|'''zyiun yebiar'''||''disk drive''
|}

=== Medical and Pharmaceutical Terminology ===
: This is a vast field where the limited morpheme aggregate of Mirad cannot serve to translate all the technical vocabulary.  It will, therefore, translate only very common words and leave the rest in Greco-Latin as do many natural languages.
==== Medical Diseases ====
: Some common medical conditions can be readily be translated in Mirad using its existing set of morphemes, eg.
::* '''tiebalyoganbok'''....''asthma'' (lit: shortness of breath illness)
::* '''tiebbok'''....''pneumonia'' (lit: lung illness)
::* '''teibbok'''....''rhinitis'' (lit: nose illness)
::* '''tayibblok'''....''neuropathy'' (lit: nerve suffering)
::* '''tebbyoyk'''....''headache'' (lit: head ache)
::* '''teibzyegikanbok'''....''osteoporosis'' (lit: bone porosity illness)

==== Pharmaceuticals ====
: Medicines can be referred to by their trade names, some of which have been genericized.
::* '''aspirin'''....''aspirin''
::* '''Ibupropen'''....''Ibupropen''

: Others can be translated by words indicating the purpose:
::* '''bukpoyxol, bukkyuxlol'''....''analgesic, painkiller'' (Lit: pain reliever)
::* '''tikebilokxol'''....''emetic'' (Lit: vomit-inducing-substance)

: Less common drugs, and any drugs for that matter, can be referred to by the official International Nonproprietary Name (INN) (see [https://www.who.int/teams/health-product-and-policy-standards/inn|International Nonproprietary Names]).  For example, ''phenobarbital''.  In case a Greco-Roman name is used, the following pronunciation guide applies to Mirad:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ INN names pronunciation
|-
! Greco-Roman&lt;br&gt;Spelling !! Mirad&lt;br&gt;Pronunciation
|-
| ch || '''k'''
|-
| ph || '''f'''
|-
| x || '''ks'''
|-
| y || '''i'''
|-
| qu || '''kw'''
|-
| rh || '''r'''
|-
| th || '''t'''
|-
| ae || '''ay'''
|-
| oe || '''oy'''
|-
| c before i, e, or y || '''c'''
|-
| c otherwise || '''k'''
|-
| final e || silent
|-
| double consonant || single consonant
|}
: Examples:
::* '''acetaminophen'''....''a-ce-ta-mi-no-FEN''
::* '''amphetamine'''....''am-fe-ta-MIN''
::* '''trimethroprim'''....''tri-me-tro-PRIM''
::* '''sulfamethoxazole'''....''sul-fa-me-to-ksa-ZOL''
::* '''oxacillin'''....''o-ksa-ci-LIN''

=== Mineral and Crystal Nomenclature ===
: Minerals end in '''-muk''' with a prefix related to the official 3-letter International Mineorological Association (IMA) symbol name (see [[Wikipedia:List_of_mineral_symbols|The Wikipedia List of Mineral Symbols]]).  The IMA name is substituted with lower-case Mirad alphabetic spellings.  For example:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Some Mineral Names
|-
! English!! IMA Symbol !! Mirad Spellings !! Mirad Name
|-
| ''argyrodyte'' || Agy || '''a-ge-yu''' || '''ageyumuk'''
|-
|''brochantyte'' || Bct || '''ba-ca-to''' || '''bacatomuk'''
|-
|''chromite'' || Chr || '''ca-he-ro''' || '''caheromuk'''
|}

: There are some minerals having an IMA with a hyphenated suffix of one or two letters.  In that case, the extra letters are added to the name (without the hyphen), eg.:
::* ''Lemmleinite-K'' (Lem-k) is '''liemikomuk''' in Mirad.
: Crystals end in '''-mez'''. The first part of the word is an enumeration.
: The common crystals are listed here:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Names of Common Crystals
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
| '''mez''' || ''crystal''
|-
| '''amez''' || ''diamond''
|-
| '''emez''' || ''topaz''
|-
| '''imez''' || ''ruby''
|-
| '''umez''' || ''emerald''
|-
| '''yomez''' || ''sapphire''
|-
| '''yamez''' || ''lapis lazuli''
|-
| '''yemez''' || ''amethyst''
|-
| '''yimez''' || ''amber''
|-
| '''yumez''' || ''quartz''
|-
| '''alomez''' || ''opal''
|-
| '''alamez''' || ''tourmaline''
|-
| '''alemez''' || ''garnet''
|-
| '''alimez''' || ''zirconia''
|-
| '''alumez''' || ''jasper''
|-
| '''alyomez''' || ''jade''
|-
| '''alyamez''' || ''marganite''
|}
: Other, less common crystals end in '''-mez''' and are formed from the Wikipedia list of mineral symbols.
: General words for earthen matter:
:* '''muk'''....''mineral''
:* '''muz'''....''ore''
:* '''mug'''....''metal''
:* '''mez'''....''crystal''
:* '''meg'''....''rock, stone''
::* '''megog'''....''pebble''
::* '''meges'''....''gravel''
:* '''mel'''....''soil''
:* '''meil'''....''mud''
:* '''mek'''....''dust''
:* '''miek'''....''sand''
:* '''mev'''....''porcelain''
:* '''mef'''....''brick''

==== Rock Classification ====
: The naming of individual rock types is based on the [[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/download/bgs-rock-classification-scheme-igneous/| BGS Rock Classification Scheme ]].
: All rocks (other than the general word for ''rock'', '''meg''') end in one of the following suffixes, depending on the main type:
::* '''ameg'''....''sedimentary rock''
::* '''emeg'''....''igneous rock''
::* '''imag'''....''metamorphic rock''

: The names for obscure rocks are taken from the BGS Rock Classification Scheme.  The final ''e'' is dropped from names that end in ''yte'' or ''ite''.  For example, ''trachydacite'' in the scheme becomes '''trachydacit''' in Mirad.  This word is then followed by one of the rock types above ('''emeg''' ''igneous rock'').  So ''trachydacite'' becomes '''trachydacitemeg''' in Mirad.  For obvious reason, all the thousands of rock names cannot be listed here or included in the Mirad dictionary.

:The word '''meg''' ''rock'' has some common derivatives:
::* '''megag'''....''boulder''
::* '''meg'''....''stone''
::* '''megog'''....''pebble''
::* '''meges'''....''gravel''
::* '''megyel'''....''cement, asphalt, bitumen''
:::* '''megyelyig'''....''concrete''
::* '''megil'''....''lava''
::* '''meggos'''....''crag''
::* '''megyig'''....''flintstone, basalt''
::* '''meag'''....''marble''
::* '''meeg'''....''slate''
::* '''meig'''....''granite''
::* '''meug'''....''clay, dough''
::* '''meyog'''....''china''
::* '''meyag'''....''chalk''
:::* '''meyaz'''....''pastel''
:::* '''meyayg'''....''calcite''
::* '''meyeg'''....''limestone, sediment''
::* '''meyig'''....''alabaster''
::* '''meyug'''....''gypsum''
::* '''mealog'''....''sandstone, stoneware''
::* '''mameg'''....''coal''
:::* '''eymameg'''....''coke''
:::* '''maameg'''....''anthracite''
:::* '''maemeg'''....''peat''
:::* '''maimeg'''....''lignite''

: Related are:
::* '''mek'''....''dust''
:::* '''mekes'''....''grit''
:::* '''mekil'''....''grout''
:::* '''meyk'''....''grit''
::* '''myek'''....''powder''
::* '''miek'''....''sand''
::* '''mieg'''....''coral''
::* '''mel'''....''dirt''
::* '''muk'''....''mineral''
::* '''meil'''....''mud''
::* '''mez'''....''crystal''
:::* '''meyz'''....''spar''
:::* '''meyzag'''....''feldspar''
::* '''muz'''....''ore''
::* '''memol'''....''alkali''
::* '''mimol'''....''salt''
::* '''mef'''....''brick''

=== Metric Nomenclature ===
[[File:Conversion Factors.png|thumb|]]
: Mirad uses the [[Wikt:International System of Units (SI)|International System of Units (SI)]]) for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see [[Mirad_Grammar/Alphabet]].  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are spelled with the Greek names ('''alpha''', '''gamma''', etc.) preceded with the word '''ag-''' if majuscule ('''aggamma''' for ''&amp;Gamma;'')  The Mirad equivalent of the SI symbol for ''ohm'' (Ω) is '''agomega'''.  All metric units end in the word '''nak'''.
==== SI Base Units ====
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!English&lt;br&gt;Unit&lt;br&gt;Name
!Symbolic&lt;br&gt;Abbeviation
!Quantity&lt;br&gt;Unit
!Mirad&lt;br&gt;Pronunciation
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}

==== SI Derived Units ====
: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! English&lt;br&gt;Name
! Symbolic&lt;br&gt;Written&lt;br&gt;Abbreviation
! Quantity&lt;br&gt;Unit
! Mirad&lt;br&gt;Pronunciation
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agomeganak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixunak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | B
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbanak'''
|-
| '''bit'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| one bit of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

==== Convenient Non-SI Units ====
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! English&lt;br&gt;Name
! Symbolic&lt;br&gt;Written&lt;br&gt;Abbreviation
! Quantity&lt;br&gt;Unit
! Mirad&lt;br&gt;Pronunciation
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglinak'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heabak'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak'''
|}

==== Metrical Formulae ====
: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! Name
! Symbolic&lt;br&gt;Formula
! Derived&lt;br&gt;Quantity
! Typical &lt;br&gt;Symbol
! Mirad&lt;br&gt;Pronunciation
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gol-so'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gol-so-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kige-gol-mi-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kige-gol-mi-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gar-iwa-gol-kige'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aga-gol-mi-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aga-gol-mi'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mioli-gol-mi-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kige-gol-mi-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''cada-gol-mi-gar-ewa'''
|}

==== Metric Micro and Macro Prefixes ====
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  The SI symbol for ''b'' (byte) is pronounced '''ba''' in Mirad.  A terabyte ( ''Tb'') is therefore pronounced '''ag-to-ba''', which  This amounts ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | Macro !! colspan=4 | Micro
|-
! Base&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK Name!!Mirad Prefix&lt;br&gt;SI Prefix&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Mirad Pron. !!SI Symbol !! Base&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK Name) !! Mirad Prefix&lt;br&gt;SI Prefix !! SI Symbol&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Mirad Pron. 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' ... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''&lt;br&gt;''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''&lt;br&gt;''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''&lt;br&gt;''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''&lt;br&gt;''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''&lt;br&gt;''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''&lt;br&gt;''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''&lt;br&gt;''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' &lt;br&gt;''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''&lt;br&gt;''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''&lt;br&gt;''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''&lt;br&gt;''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yen-'''&lt;br&gt;''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''&lt;br&gt;''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yin'''&lt;br&gt;''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''&lt;br&gt;''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yun'''&lt;br&gt;''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''&lt;br&gt;''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''&lt;br&gt;''deca-'' || ''da''&lt;br&gt;'''da-a-''' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''&lt;br&gt;''deci-''|| ''d''&lt;br&gt;'''da-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''&lt;br&gt;''hexa-'' || ''h''&lt;br&gt;'''hi-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''&lt;br&gt;''centi-''|| ''c''&lt;br&gt;'''ca-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''&lt;br&gt;''kilo-'' ||''k''&lt;br&gt;'''ki-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''&lt;br&gt;''milli-''|| ''m''&lt;br&gt;'''mi-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''&lt;br&gt;''mega-'' || ''M''&lt;br&gt;'''agmi-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''&lt;br&gt;''micro-''|| ''r''&lt;br&gt;'''ro-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''&lt;br&gt;''giga-'' || ''G''&lt;br&gt;'''agge-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''&lt;br&gt;''nano-''|| ''n''&lt;br&gt;'''ni-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''&lt;br&gt;''tera-'' || ''T''&lt;br&gt;'''agto-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''&lt;br&gt;''pico-''|| ''p''&lt;br&gt;'''po-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''&lt;br&gt;''peta-'' || ''P''&lt;br&gt;'''agpo-'''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''&lt;br&gt;''femto-''||''f''&lt;br&gt;'''fe-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''&lt;br&gt;''exa-'' || ''E''&lt;br&gt;'''age-'''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''&lt;br&gt;''atto-''||''a''&lt;br&gt;'''a-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''&lt;br&gt;''zetta-'' || ''Z''&lt;br&gt;'''agzu-'''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''&lt;br&gt;''zepto-''||''z''&lt;br&gt;'''zu-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''&lt;br&gt;''yotta-'' || '' Y''&lt;br&gt;'''agyu''' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''&lt;br&gt;''yocto-''||''y''&lt;br&gt;'''yu-'''
|}

: *Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.

==== Abbreviated Symbols ====

: The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | Macro !! colspan=2 | Micro
|-
! Symbol (Expansion) !! Mirad Pronunciation !! Symbol (Expansion) !! Mirad Pronunciation
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daage''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dage'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hexagram)|| '''hege''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cage'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''koge''' || ''mg'' (milligram) ||'''mige'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (megagram)|| '''agmige''' ||''rg'' or '''μg''' (microgram)|| '''roge''' or '''muge'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggege''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nige'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtoge''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''poge'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpoge''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fege'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agege''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''age'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzege''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zege'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyuge''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yuge'''
|}

: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo koge gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale mimi gar iwa''

=== Trigonometric Nomenclature ===
: This table shows trigonometry functions and their equivalents in Mirad.  The function symbols are translated into Mirad by a succession of the pronounced Mirad values of the function abbreviation followed by '''-naz''' (''value'').

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Trigonometry Functions
|-
! Function (Symbol) !! Mirad Technical Name !! Mirad Ordinary Name
|-
| ''sine (sin)'' || '''soini-naz''' || '''uznaz'''
|-
| ''cosine (cos)'' || '''caoso-naz''' || '''yanuznaz'''
|-
| ''arccosine (arccos, cos&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;)''&lt;br&gt;''anticosine''&lt;br&gt;''inverse cosine''|| '''arocacaoso-naz''' || '''ovuznaz'''
|-
| ''hyperbolic sine (sinh)'' || '''soinihe-naz'''|| '''enuza uznaz'''
|-
| ''hyperbolic cosine (cosh)'' || '''caosohe-naz''' || '''enuza yanuznaz'''
|-
| ''secant (sec)'' || '''soeca-naz''' || '''golus naz'''
|-
| ''cosecant (csc)'' || '''casoca-naz''' || '''yangolus naz'''
|-
| ''arccosecant (arccsc)'' || '''arocacasoca-naz''' || '''enuza yangolus naz'''
|}

=== Poetry Nomenclature ===
: Mirad uses the nonsense syllables '''di''' and '''da''' to form various poetic meter words that usually are formed with Greek words in English.  The syllable '''di''' represents an ''unstressed'' syllable in verse, while the syllable '''da''' denotes a ''stressed'' syllable.  These are hyphenated and followed with a space and the word '''deup''' as a noun, which means ''meter'' or ''rhythm''.  The adjectival form of the word ends in '''deupa'''.  Here are the most common poetic meters:
::* '''di-da deupa'''.... iambic
:::* '''di-da yoondeup'''.... ''iambic pentameter''
::* '''di-di-da deupa'''.... ''anapestic''
::* '''di-da-da deupa'''.... ''bacchius''
::* '''da-da deupa'''.... ''spondaic''
::* '''da-da-da deupa'''.... ''molossus''
::* '''da-da-di deupa'''.... ''antibacchius''
::* '''da-di deupa'''.... ''tochaic''
:::* '''da-di deup'''.... ''trochee, choree''
::* '''da-di-da deupa'''.... ''cretic, amphimacer''
::* '''da-di-di deupa'''.... ''dactylic''
::* '''da-di-di yaondeup'''.... ''dactylic hexameter''
::* '''da-di-di-da deupa'''.... ''amphibrachic''
: Other words representing elements of poetry are:
::* '''drez'''....''poetry, verse''
:::* '''dreza'''....''poetic''
:::* '''drezyen'''....''poesy''
:::* '''drezyan'''....''anthology'' (of poetry)
:::* '''drezut'''....''poet''
::::* '''drezuyt'''....''poetess''
::::* '''popdrezut'''....''minstrel''
::::* '''Vikinga drezut'''....''skald''
::::* '''dreuzut'''....''bard''
:::* '''odrez'''....''prose''
:::* '''vyasma drez'''....''concrete verse''
:::* '''tyoda drez'''....''folk poetry''
:::* '''indeupa drez'''....''trimeter''
:::* '''undeupa drez'''....''tetrameter''
:::* '''yoondeupa drez'''....''pentameter''
:::* '''yaondeupa drez'''....''hexameter''
:::* '''yendeupa drez'''....''heptameter''
:::* '''yindeupa drez'''....''octameter''
:::* '''ogelseuxwa drez'''....''blank verse''
:::* '''yiva drez'''....''free verse''
:::* '''drezun'''....''poem''
::::* '''deuzwa drezun'''....''sung poem, lay''
::::* '''dindrezun'''....''ballad''
::::* '''dizdrezun'''....''limerick''
::::* '''fiddrezun'''....''ode''
::::* '''fizdrezun'''....''epic poem''
::::* '''haikudrezun'''....''haiku''
::::* '''viysindrezun'''....''idyll''
::::* '''ifondrezun'''....''love poem, romantic poem''
::::* '''indrezun'''....''terzain''
::::* '''jodrezun'''....''epode''
::::* '''yindrezun'''....''sistina''
::::* '''klerihyudrezun'''....''clerihew''
::::* '''meimdrezun'''....''pastoral''
::::* '''melyexdrezun'''....''georgic''
::::* '''petnyanuta drezun'''....''pastoral, eclogue''
::::* '''popduzuta drezun'''....''troubadour poem''
::::* '''rondodrezun'''....''rondeau, rondel, roundel''
::::* '''seuz drezun'''....''sound poem''
::::* '''tadyandrezun'''....''prothalamion, epithalamion''
::::* '''tankadrezun'''....''tanka''
::::* '''taxdrezun'''....''epitaph''
::::* '''tuddrezun'''....''nursery rhyme''
::::* '''ulondrezun'''....''sonnet''
::::* '''ujdreznadeon'''....''envoi''
::::* '''undrezun'''....''quatrain''
::::* '''unnad drezun'''....''tetrastich''
::::* '''uvdrezun'''....''elegy''
::::* '''alyundrezun'''....''villanelle''
::::* '''virelaydrezun'''....''virelai, virelay''
::::* '''yizivtos drezun'''....''rhapsody''
::::* '''yoondrezun'''....''quintain''
::* '''dreznad'''....''line, -stich, verse''
:::* '''eyndreznad'''...''hemistich''
:::* '''endreznad'''....''couplet''
::* '''dreznadyan'''....''stanza''
::* '''gelseux'''....''rhyme''
:::* '''gelseuxyen'''....''rhyme scheme''
:::* '''dunija gelseuxen'''....''alliteration''
::* '''seuxzoyxen'''....''assonance''
::* '''geyldyan'''....''simile''
::* '''yiztyun'''....''metaphor''
::* '''yanseuzan'''....''consonance''
::* '''deup'''....''rhythm, beat, metrical foot, meter''
::* '''kyib'''....''stress''
::* '''seuz'''....''tone''

=== Dimensional Nomenclature ===
: This chart shows adjectives that describe dimensional relationships:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dimensional Words
|-
! Positive !! Intermediate !! Negative
|-
| '''yaba'''....''high(er)'' || '''yeba'''....''inner'' || '''yoba'''....''low(er)''
|-
| '''yaiba'''....''tall'' || '''yeiba'''....''deep inside'' || '''yoiba'''....''deep (down)''
|-
| '''yauba'''....''short'' || '''yeuba'''....''a short way in'' || '''youba'''....''shallow''
|-
| '''yaga'''....''long'' || || '''yoga'''....''short''
|-
| '''yiba'''....''far'' || || '''yuba'''....''near''
|-
| '''aonada'''....''vertical'' || || '''uinada'''....''horizontal''
|-
| '''kia'''....''diagonal'' || || '''kua'''....''lateral''
|-
| '''zyia'''....''flat'' || || '''zyua'''....''round''
|-
| '''yaza'''....''concave'' || '''yeza'''....''flush'' || '''yoza'''....''convex''
|}

=== Geologic Period Nomenclature ===
: The principal geochronologic units of the geologic time scale, from largest to smallest, are:
:** '''joob'''....''eon''
:*** '''ajoob'''....''Hadean Eon''
:*** '''ejoob'''....''Archean Eon''
:*** '''ijoob'''....''Proterozoic Eon''
:*** '''ujoob'''....''Phanerozoic Eon''
:** '''joab'''....''era''
:*** '''ajoab'''....''Eoarchean Era''
:*** '''ejoab'''....''Paleoarchean Era''
:*** '''ijoab'''....''Mesoarchean Era''
:*** '''ujoab'''....''Neoarchean Era''
:*** '''yojoab'''....''Paleoproterozoic Era''
:*** '''yajoab'''....''Mesoproterozoic Era''
:*** '''yejoab'''....''Neoproterozoic Era''
:*** '''yijoab'''....''Paleozoic Era''
:*** '''yujoab'''....''Mesozoic Era''
:*** '''alojoab'''....''Cenozoic Era''
:** '''joeb'''....''period''
:*** '''ajoeb'''....''Siderian Period''
:*** '''ejoeb'''....''Rhyacian Period''
:*** '''ijoeb'''....''Orosirian Period''
:*** '''ujoeb'''....''Statherian Period''
:*** '''yojoeb'''....''Calymmian Period''
:*** '''yajoeb'''....''Ectasian Period''
:*** '''yejoeb'''....''Stenian Period''
:*** '''yijoeb'''....''Tonian Period''
:*** '''yujoeb'''....''Cryogenian Period''
:*** '''alojoeb'''....''Ediacaran Period''
:*** '''alajoeb'''....''Cambrian Period''
:*** '''alejoeb'''....''Ordovician Period''
:*** '''alijoeb'''....''Silurian Period''
:*** '''alujoeb'''....''Devonian Period''
:*** '''alyojoeb'''....''Carboniferous Period''
:*** '''alyajoeb'''....''Permian Period''
:*** '''alyejoeb'''....''Triassic Period''
:*** '''alyijoeb'''....''Jurassic Period''
:*** '''alyujoeb'''....''Cretaceous Period''
:*** '''elojoeb'''....''Paleogene Period''
:*** '''elajoeb'''....''Neogene Period''
:*** '''elejoeb'''....''Quarternary Period''
:** '''joib'''....''epoch''
:*** '''ajoib'''....''Terreneuvian Epoch''
:*** '''ejoib'''....''Series 2 Epoch''
:*** '''ijoib'''....''Miaolingian Epoch''
:*** '''ujoib'''....''Furongian Epoch''
:*** '''yojoib'''....''Lower Epoch''
:*** '''yajoib'''....''Middle Epoch''
:*** '''yejoib'''....''Upper Epoch''
:*** '''yijoib'''....''Llandovery Epoch''
:*** '''yujoib'''....''Wenlock Epoch''
:*** '''alojoib'''....''Ludlow Epoch''
:*** '''alajoib'''....''Pridoli Epoch''
:** '''joub'''....''age''
:*** '''ajoub'''....''Fortunian Age''
:*** '''ejoub'''....''Stage 2 Age''
:*** '''ijoub'''....''Stage 3 Age''
:*** '''ujoub'''....''Stage 4 Age''
:*** '''yojoub'''....''Wulian Age''
:*** '''yajoub'''....''Drumian Age''
:*** '''yejoub'''....''Guzhangian Age''
:*** '''yijoub'''....''Paibian Age''
:*** '''yujoub'''....''Jianshanian Age''
:*** '''alojoub'''....''Stage 10 Age''
:*** '''alajoub'''....''Temadocian Age''
:*** '''alejoub'''....''Floian Age''
:*** '''alijoub'''....''Dapingian Age''
:*** '''alujoub'''....''Darriwilian Age''
:*** '''alyojoub'''....''Sandbian Age''
:*** '''alyajoub'''....''Katian Age''
:*** '''alyejoub'''....''Hirnantian Age''
:*** '''alyijoub'''....''Rhuddanian Age''
:*** '''alyujoub'''....''Aeronian Age''
:*** '''elojoub'''....''Telychian Age''
:*** '''elajoub'''....''Cheinwoodian Age''
:*** '''elejoub'''....''Homerian Age''
:*** '''elijoub'''....''Gorstian Age''
:*** '''elujoub'''....''Ludfordian Age''
:*** '''elyojoub'''....''Pridoli Age''
:*** '''elyajoub'''....''Lochkovian Age''
:*** '''elyejoub'''....''Pragian Age''
:*** '''elyijoub'''....''Emsian Age''
:*** '''elyujoub'''....''Eifelian Age''
:*** '''ilojoub'''....''Givetian Age''
:*** '''ilajoub'''....''Frasnian Age''
:*** '''ilejoub'''....''Famennian Age''
:*** '''ilijoub'''....''Tournaisian Age''
:*** '''ilujoub'''....''Visean Age''
:*** '''ilyojoub'''....''Serpukhovian Age''
:*** '''ilyajoub'''....''Bashkirian Age''
:*** '''ilyejoub'''....''Moscovian Age''
:*** '''ilyijoub'''....''Kasimovian Age''
:*** '''ilyujoub'''....''Gzhelian Age''
:*** '''ulojoub'''....''Asselian Age''
:*** '''ulajoub'''....''Sakmarian Age''
:*** '''ulejoub'''....''Artinskian Age''
:*** '''ulijoub'''....''Kungurian Age''
:*** '''ulujoub'''....''Roadian Age''
:*** '''ulyojoub'''....''Wordian Age''
:*** '''ulyajoub'''....''Capitanian Age''
:*** '''ulyejoub'''....''Wuchiapingian Age''
:*** '''ulyijoub'''....''Changhsingian Age''
:*** '''ulyujoub'''....''Induan Age''
:*** '''yolojoub'''....''Olenekian Age''
:*** '''yolajoub'''....''Anisian Age''
:*** '''yolejoub'''....''Ladnian Age''
:*** '''yolijoub'''....''Carnian Age''
:*** '''yolujoub'''....''Norian Age''
:*** '''yolyojoub'''....''Rhaetian Age''
:*** '''yolyajoub'''....''Hettangian Age''
:*** '''yolyejoub'''....''Sinemurian Age''
:*** '''yolyijoub'''....''Pliensbachian Age''
:*** '''yolyujoub'''....''Toarcian Age''
:*** '''yalojoub'''....''Aalenian Age''
:*** '''yalajoub'''....''Bajocian Age''
:*** '''yalejoub'''....''Bathonian Age''
:*** '''yalijoub'''....''Callovian Age''
:*** '''yalujoub'''....''Oxfordian Age''
:*** '''yalyojoub'''....''Kimmeridgian Age''
:*** '''yalyajoub'''....''Tithonian Age''
:*** '''yalyejoub'''....''Berriasian Age''
:*** '''yalyijoub'''....''Valanginian Age''
:*** '''yalyujoub'''....''Hauterivian Age''
:*** '''yelojoub'''....''Barremian Age ''
:*** '''yelajoub'''....''Aptian Age ''
:*** '''yelejoub'''....''Albian Age ''
:*** '''yelijoub'''....''Cenomanian ''
:*** '''yelujoub'''....''Turonian ''
:*** '''yelyojoub'''....''Coniacian ''
:*** '''yelyajoub'''....''Santonian ''
:*** '''yelyejoub'''....''Campanian ''
:*** '''yelyijoub'''....''Maastrichtian ''
:*** '''yelyujoub'''....''Danian ''
:*** '''yilojoub'''....''Selandian ''
:*** '''yilajoub'''....''Thanetian ''
:*** '''yilejoub'''....''Ypresian ''
:*** '''yilijoub'''....''Lutetian ''
:*** '''yilujoub'''....''Bartonian ''
:*** '''yilyojoub'''....''Priaboanian ''
:*** '''yilyajoub'''....''Rupelian ''
:*** '''yilyejoub'''....''Chattian ''
:*** '''yilyijoub'''....''Aquitanian ''
:*** '''yilyujoub'''....''Burdigalian ''
:*** '''yulojoub'''....''Langhian ''
:*** '''yulajoub'''....''Serravallian ''
:*** '''yulejoub'''....''Tortonian ''
:*** '''yulijoub'''....''Messinian ''
:*** '''yulujoub'''....''Zanclean ''
:*** '''yulyojoub'''....''Piacenzian ''
:*** '''yulyajoub'''....''Gelasian ''
:*** '''yulyejoub'''....''Calabrian ''
:*** '''yulyijoub'''....''Chibanian ''
:*** '''yulyujoub'''....''Tarantian ''
:*** '''asojoub'''....''Greenlandian ''
:*** '''asajoub'''....''Northgrippian ''
:*** '''asejoub'''....''Meghalayan ''
=== Names of Diacritics ===
: The Mirad words for diacritics (= accents) are based on the worldwide Unicode 4.0 standard.  There are three kinds of diacritics based on where they are positioned relative to the base:
::* &lt;b&gt;aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;above mark&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;below mark&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;absiyn&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;overlay mark&lt;/i&gt;
: The names are based on some common shapes:
::* &lt;b&gt;nod&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;dot&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;grun&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;hook&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;nad&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;line&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;kin&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;slash&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;vu&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;wedge&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;pyaon&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;wave&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;zyus&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;ring&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;uz&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;arch&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;zeymep&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;bridge&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;izmufseb&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;arrowhead&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;mar&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;star&lt;/i&gt;
: The above shapes can be modified by adjectives:
::* &lt;b&gt;kia&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;slanted&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;ao&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;vertical&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;yoga/yaga&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;short/long&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;double&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;yaba/yoba&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;up/down&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;zua/zia&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;left/right&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;oyvuzbwa&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;inverted&lt;/i&gt;
: Here is a chart listing the most common diacritics in the world's languages. (Note: Mirad does not use diacritics for its native words.)
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;&quot;
|+ Mirad Names of Diacritics
|-
! Diacritic !! Unicode&lt;br&gt;Value !! Mirad !! Unicode Name
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0301;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0301||&lt;b&gt; zukin aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;acute accent&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0300;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0300||&lt;b&gt; zukin oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;acute accent below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030B;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030B||&lt;b&gt; enzukin aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double acute accent&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0300;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0300||&lt;b&gt; zikin aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;grave accent&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0317;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0317||&lt;b&gt; zikin oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;grave accent below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030F;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030F||&lt;b&gt; enzikin aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double grave accent&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0309;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0309||&lt;b&gt; zigrun aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;hook above, hoi&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0327;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0327||&lt;b&gt; zugrun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;cedilla&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0328;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0328||&lt;b&gt; zigrun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;ogonek, nasal hook&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0302;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0302||&lt;b&gt; yobvu aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;circumflex accent, hat&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x032D;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 032D||&lt;b&gt; yobvu oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;circumflex accent below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030C||&lt;b&gt; vu aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;hachek, v above, caron&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x032C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 032C||&lt;b&gt; vu oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;caron below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0306;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0306||&lt;b&gt; yabuz aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;breve above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0311;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0311||&lt;b&gt; yobuz aybsin&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;inverted breve above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x032F;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 032F||&lt;b&gt; yobuz oybsin &lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;inverted breve below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0321;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0321||&lt;b&gt; teumibxwa grun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;palatalized hook below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0308;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0308||&lt;b&gt; ennod aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;diaeresis above, double dot above, umlaut, trema&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0324;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0324||&lt;b&gt; ennod oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;diaeresis below, double dot below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0307;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0307||&lt;b&gt; nod aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;dot above, overdot, tecka, tittle&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0323;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0323||&lt;b&gt; nod oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;dot below, underdot, nang&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0351;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0351||&lt;b&gt; zua eynzyus aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;left half ring above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x031C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 031C||&lt;b&gt; zua eynzyus oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;left half ring below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0350;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0350||&lt;b&gt; zia eynzyus aybsign&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right half ring above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0339;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0339||&lt;b&gt; zia eynzyus oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right half ring below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0305;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0305||&lt;b&gt; nad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;overline, overscore, vinculum&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x033F;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 033F||&lt;b&gt; ennad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double overline&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0332;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0332||&lt;b&gt; nad oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;single lowline below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0333;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0333||&lt;b&gt; ennad oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double lowline, double underline, double underscore&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0304;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0304||&lt;b&gt; nad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;macron&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0331;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0331||&lt;b&gt; nad oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;macron below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x035E;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 935E||&lt;b&gt; ennad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double macron, longum&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x035F;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 035F||&lt;b&gt; ennad oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double macron below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030A||&lt;b&gt; zyus aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;ring above, kroujek, overring&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0325;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0325||&lt;b&gt; zyus oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;ring below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0346;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0346||&lt;b&gt; zeymep aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;bridge above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x032A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 032A||&lt;b&gt; zeymep oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;bridge below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0346;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0346||&lt;b&gt; oyvuzbwa zeymep aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;inverted bridge above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x033A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 033A||&lt;b&gt; oyvuzbwa zeymep oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;inverted bridge below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0309;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0309||&lt;b&gt; grun aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;hook above, hoi&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0303;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0303||&lt;b&gt; pyaon aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;tilde&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0342;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0342||&lt;b&gt; yagpyaon aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Greek perispomeni&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0360;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0360||&lt;b&gt; enpyaon aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double tilde above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0330;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0330||&lt;b&gt; pyaon oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;tilde below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x032B;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 032B||&lt;b&gt; oyvuzbwa enuz oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;inverted double arch below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x033E;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 033E||&lt;b&gt; aonada pyaon aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;vertical tilde, yerik&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x031A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 031A||&lt;b&gt; zua gun aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;left angle above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030D;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030D||&lt;b&gt; aonad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;vertical line above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030D;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030D||&lt;b&gt; enaonad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double vertical line above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0329;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0329||&lt;b&gt; aonad oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;vertical line below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030E;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030E||&lt;b&gt; enaonad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double vertical line above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x033D;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 033D||&lt;b&gt; xu aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;x above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0353;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0353||&lt;b&gt; xu oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;x below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x033C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 033C||&lt;b&gt; lapiat oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;seagull below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0310;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0310||&lt;b&gt; nod ayb uz aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;candrabindu&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0352;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0352||&lt;b&gt; nod oyb uz aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;fermata&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0314;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0314||&lt;b&gt; zia grun aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right comma above, dasia&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0326;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0326||&lt;b&gt; zia grun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right comma below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0313;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0313||&lt;b&gt; zua grun aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;reversed comma above, psili&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0320;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0320||&lt;b&gt; gobsiyn oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;minus sign below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x031F;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 031F||&lt;b&gt; gabsiyn oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;plus sign below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x034C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 034C||&lt;b&gt; yubay ge aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;almost equals above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0349;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0349||&lt;b&gt; zua gun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;left angle below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x033B;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 033B||&lt;b&gt; ungun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;square below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0334;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0334||&lt;b&gt; Gereda nod-kin-nod aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Greek dialytika tonos&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0350;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0350||&lt;b&gt; zia izmufseb aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right arrowhead above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x08F7;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0356||&lt;b&gt; zia izmufseb ay yabizmufseb oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right arrowhead and up arrowhead below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0355;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0355||&lt;b&gt; zia izmufseb oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right arrowhead below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0354;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0354||&lt;b&gt; zua izmufseb oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;left arrowhead below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0318;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0318||&lt;b&gt; zua zyisebmuv oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;left tack below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0319;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0319||&lt;b&gt; zia zyisebmuv oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right tack below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x031D;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 031D||&lt;b&gt; yob zyisebmuv oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;up tack below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x031E;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 031E||&lt;b&gt; yab zyisebmuv oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;down tack below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0337;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0337||&lt;b&gt; yoga kinad absiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;short slash overlay, short solidus overlay&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0338;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0338||&lt;b&gt; yaga kinad absiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;long slash overlay, long solidus overlay&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0321;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0321||&lt;b&gt; teumibxwa grun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;palatalized hook below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0322;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0322||&lt;b&gt; zoykixwa grun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;retroflex hook below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0359;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0359||&lt;b&gt; mar oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;asterisk below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x035A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 035A||&lt;b&gt; enzyus oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double ring below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0358;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0358||&lt;b&gt; zinod aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;dot above right&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x035C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 035C||&lt;b&gt; enyabuz oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double breve below, ligature tie below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x035D;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 035D||&lt;b&gt; enyabuz aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double breve&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0361;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0361||&lt;b&gt; enyobuz aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double inverted breve, top ligature, tie bar&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x035B;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 035B||&lt;b&gt; uiznad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;zigzag above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0347;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0347||&lt;b&gt; gese oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;equals sign below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x034C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 034C||&lt;b&gt; yubgese aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;almost equal to above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0362;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0362||&lt;b&gt; enziizmuf oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double rightwards arrow below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x034E;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 034E||&lt;b&gt; yabizmuf oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;upwards arrow below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0329;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0329||&lt;b&gt; ziizmuf aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right arrowhead above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x034A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 034A||&lt;b&gt; opyaon aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;not tilde above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x037A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 037A||&lt;b&gt; iota oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Greek ypogegrammeni, iota subscript&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0374;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0374||&lt;b&gt; Gereda sag aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Greek numeral sign, dexia keraia&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0375;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0375||&lt;b&gt; Gereda sag oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Greek lower numeral sign, aristeri keraia&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0651;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0651||&lt;b&gt; xadda aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Arabic shadda&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x065E;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 065E||&lt;b&gt; fatha aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Arabic fatha with two dots&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x061A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 061A||&lt;b&gt; kasra oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Arabic small kasra&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x064C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 064C||&lt;b&gt; damma aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Arabic dammatan&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0652;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0652||&lt;b&gt; sukun aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Arabic sukun&lt;/i&gt;
|}

=== Grammar Terms ===
:*'''drevyab'''....''grammar''
:*'''dun'''....''word''
:*'''dyen'''....''phrase''
:*'''dyan'''....''sentence''
:** '''delyea'''....''declarative''
:** '''didyea'''....''interrogative''
:** '''azteudyea'''....''exclamatory''
:*'''dyangon'''....''clause''
:** '''agala dyangon'''....''main clause''
:** '''abyosyea dyangon'''....''dependent clause''
:** '''obdabyea dyangon'''....''subordinate clause''
:*'''anyendyen'''....''idiom''
:*'''dalzeyn'''....''language''
:*'''dalzeynes'''....''dialect''
:*'''dalyen'''....''locution''
:*'''dungon'''....''syllable''
:*'''dunog'''....''particle''
:*'''abun'''....''affix''
:** '''zabun'''....''prefix''
:** '''zobun'''....''suffix''
:** '''yebun'''....''infix''
:*'''kyid'''....''stress''
:*'''dredyen'''....''spelling, orthography''
:*'''seuxden'''....''pronunciation''
:*'''dalgon'''....''part of speech''
:**'''sundun'''....''noun''
:**'''avdun'''....''pronoun''
:**'''erdun'''....''verb''
:**'''adun'''....''adjective''
:**'''aydun'''....''adverb''
:**'''ebdun'''....''preposition''
:**'''yanxdun'''....''conjunction''
:**'''oybdun'''....''particle''
:**'''asaundun'''....''article, determiner''
:*'''jobyen'''....''tense''
:** '''eja'''....''present tense''
:** '''aja'''....''past tense''
:** '''oja'''....''future tense''
:** '''vensona'''....''conditional''
:* '''teagun'''....''aspect''
:** '''ikna'''....''perfect''
:** '''oikna'''....''imperfect''
:** '''zaypasyea'''....''progressive''
:*'''tipyen'''....''mood''
:** '''izeadyea'''....''indicative mood''
:** '''ovyamxwa'''....''subjunctive mood''
:*'''teuz'''....''voice''
:** '''axlyea'''....''active''
:** '''xolyea'''....''passive''
:** '''syundabea'''....''transitive''
:** '''osyundabea'''....''intransitive''
:** '''zyinzoyubea'''....''reflexive''
:*'''sankyas'''....''case''
:** '''syina'''....''nominative, subject''
:** '''bina'''....''genitive, possessive''
:** '''buna'''....''dative''
:** '''izsyuna'''....''accusative, direct object''
:** '''oizsyuna'''....''indirect object''
:** '''byina'''....''ablative''
:** '''dyuena'''....''vocative''
:*'''toob'''....''gender''
:** '''twooba'''....''masculine''
:** '''tooyba'''....''feminine''
:** '''evtwooba'''....''neuter''
:*'''sag'''....''number''
:** '''ansaga'''....''singular''
:** '''glasaga'''....''plural''
:*'''sagdun'''....''numeral''

== Forming Adjectives ==

: You can form an adjective by adding the suffix '''a''' to a substantive, any adverb not ending in '''-ay''', or preposition. By substantive is meant a noun, pronoun, or gerund.  Any of these can be adjectivized.

: Examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Deriving Adjectives
|-
! Noun !! Adjective
|-
| '''taam'''....''home'' || '''taama'''....''domestic''
|-
| '''doob'''....''nation'' || '''dooba'''....''national''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''teja'''....''vital''
|-
| '''tyoyapyaf'''....''ability to walk'' || '''tyoyapyafa'''....''ambulatory''
|-
| '''martun'''....''astronomy'' || '''martuna'''....''astronomical''
|-
! Pronoun !! Adjective
|-
| '''at'''....''I, me'' || '''ata'''....''my''
|-
| '''eut'''....''yourself'' || '''euta'''....''your own''
|-
| '''hiyen'''....''this kind'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of''
|-
| '''duhot?'''....''who?'' || '''duhota?'''....''whose?''
|-
! Gerund !! Adjective
|-
| '''ifeken'''....''recreation'' || '''ifekena'''....''recreational''
|-
! Adverb !! Adjective
|-
| '''yib'''....''far'' || '''yiba'''....''distant''
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''yaba'''....''high, upper''
|-
! Verb Form !! Adjective (= Participle)
|-
| '''teje'''....''(he) lives'' || '''tejea'''....''living''
|-
| '''tojo'''....''will die'' || '''tojoa'''....''moribund, about to die''
|-
| '''tojbu'''....''would kill'' || '''tojbua'''....''lethal''
|- 
| '''twa'''....''was known'' || '''twaa'''....''known'' (usu. shortened to '''twa''')
|}
=== Adjectival Suffixes ===

: Various types of adjectives can be created with adjectival suffixes beyond just '''a'''.

: Examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Deriving Other Adjectives
|-
! Suffix !! Meaning !! Noun !! Adjective
|-
! rowspan=3|-ava !!rowspan=3| ''pro-, for'' !! !!
|-
|  '''Usom'''&lt;br&gt;''U.S.'' || '''Usomava'''&lt;br&gt;''pro-U.S.''
|-
|  '''yuvrin'''&lt;br&gt;''slavery'' || '''yuvrinava'''&lt;br&gt;''pro-slavery''
|-
! rowspan=3|-ova !!rowspan=3| ''anti-, against'' !! !!
|-
|  '''dobvyabyan'''&lt;br&gt;''constitution'' || '''dovyabyanova'''&lt;br&gt;''anti-constitutional''
|-
|  '''dot'''&lt;br&gt;''society'' || '''dotova'''&lt;br&gt;''anti-social''
|-
! rowspan=5|-aya !!rowspan=5| ''full of, having, -ous, -ful, -ly'' !! !!
|-
|  '''volz'''&lt;br&gt;''color'' || '''volzaya'''&lt;br&gt;''colorful''
|-
|  '''futax'''&lt;br&gt;''resentment'' || '''futaxaya'''&lt;br&gt;''resentful''
|-
| '''tiibil'''&lt;br&gt;''blood'' || '''tiibilaya'''&lt;br&gt;''bloody''
|-
| '''yiflan'''&lt;br&gt;''courage'' || '''yiflanaya'''&lt;br&gt;''courageous''
|-
! rowspan=3|-oya !!rowspan=3| ''bereft of, -less, un-'' !! !!
|-
|  '''volz'''&lt;br&gt;''color'' || '''volzoya'''&lt;br&gt;''colorless, pale''
|-
|  '''tajyaf'''&lt;br&gt;''talent'' || '''tajyafoya'''&lt;br&gt;''untalented''
|-
! rowspan=2|-ika !!rowspan=2| ''full of, -ous, -ful, -y'' !! !!
|-
| '''map'''&lt;br&gt;''wind'' || '''mapika'''&lt;br&gt;''windy''
|-
! rowspan=2|-uka !!rowspan=2| ''bereft of, without, -less'' !! !!
|-
|  '''nas'''&lt;br&gt;''money'' || '''nasuka'''&lt;br&gt;''broke, penniless''
|-
! rowspan=4|-yena !! rowspan=4|''-like, -ous, -ly, -y, -ish, -ic, -al'' !! !!
|-
|  '''tudet'''&lt;br&gt;''child'' || '''tudetyena'''&lt;br&gt;''childish, infantile''
|-
|  '''tot'''&lt;br&gt;''god'' || '''totyena'''&lt;br&gt;''divine, godly''
|-
|  '''pit'''&lt;br&gt;''fish'' || '''pityena'''&lt;br&gt;''fish-like, fishy''
|-
! rowspan=5|-wa or -awa !! rowspan=5|''-ed, past passive participle''&lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Past Passive Participle
|-
| '''t-'''&lt;br&gt;''know'' || '''twa'''&lt;br&gt;''known''
|-
| '''dal-'''&lt;br&gt;''speak'' || '''dalwa'''&lt;br&gt;''spoken, oral''
|-
| '''nixbu-'''&lt;br&gt;''sell'' || '''nixbuwa'''&lt;br&gt;''sold''
|-
| '''dr-'''&lt;br&gt;''write'' || '''drawa'''&lt;br&gt;''written''
|-
! rowspan=4|-ea !!rowspan=4| ''-ing''&lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Present Active Participle
|-
| '''ot-'''&lt;br&gt;''not know'' || '''otea'''&lt;br&gt;''ignorant''
|-
| '''tej-'''&lt;br&gt;''live'' || '''tejea'''&lt;br&gt;''living, alive''
|-
| '''tuj-'''&lt;br&gt;''die'' || '''tujea'''&lt;br&gt;''dying''
|-
! rowspan=5|-yea !!rowspan=5| ''-ive, prone to Xing, given to X''&lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Present Active Participle
|-
| '''tujb-'''&lt;br&gt;''kill'' || '''tujbyea'''&lt;br&gt;''murderous''
|-
| '''tex-'''&lt;br&gt;''think'' || '''texyea'''&lt;br&gt;''pensive, thoughtful''
|-
| '''tox-'''&lt;br&gt;''forget'' || '''toxyea'''&lt;br&gt;''forgetful''
|-
| '''axl-'''&lt;br&gt;''act'' || '''axlyea'''&lt;br&gt;''active''
|-
! rowspan=5|-uwa !!rowspan=5| ''-able, apt to be Xed''&lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Potential Passive Participle
|-
| '''ex-'''&lt;br&gt;''operate'' || '''exuwa'''&lt;br&gt;''operable''
|-
| '''tos'''&lt;br&gt;''feel'' || '''tosuwa'''&lt;br&gt;''palpable''
|-
| '''tex-'''&lt;br&gt;''think'' || '''texuwa'''&lt;br&gt;''conceivable''
|-
| '''tel-'''&lt;br&gt;''eat'' || '''teluwa'''&lt;br&gt;''edible''
|-
! rowspan=3|-yafa !!rowspan=3| ''-able, capable of Xing'' &lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Potential Subject-oriented
|-
|  '''teat-'''&lt;br&gt;''see'' || '''teatyafa'''&lt;br&gt;''sightful, able to see''
|-
|  '''dyed-'''&lt;br&gt;''read'' || '''dyedyafa'''&lt;br&gt;''literate''
|-
! rowspan=5|-yafwa !!rowspan=5| ''-able, possible to be Xed''&lt;br&gt; (added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Potential Object-oriented
|-
| '''teat-'''&lt;br&gt;''see'' || '''teatyafwa'''&lt;br&gt;''visible''
|-
| '''tax-'''&lt;br&gt;''remember'' || '''taxyafwa'''&lt;br&gt;''memorable''
|-
| '''teet-'''&lt;br&gt;''hear'' || '''teetyafwa'''&lt;br&gt;''audible''
|-
| '''tel-'''&lt;br&gt;''eat'' || '''telyafwa'''&lt;br&gt;''edible''
|-
! rowspan=5|-yofa !!rowspan=5| ''incapable of Xing'' &lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Negative Potential Subject-oriented
|-
| '''teat-'''&lt;br&gt;''see'' || '''teatyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''blind''
|-
| '''tyoyap-'''&lt;br&gt;''walk'' || '''tyoyapyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''lame''
|-
| '''teet-'''&lt;br&gt;''hear'' || '''teetyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''deaf''
|-
| '''dal-'''&lt;br&gt;''speak'' || '''dalyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''dumb, incapable of speaking''
|-
! rowspan=5|-yofwa !!rowspan=5| ''un-X-able'' &lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Negative Potential Object-oriented
|-
| '''teat-'''&lt;br&gt;''see'' || '''teatyofwa'''&lt;br&gt;''invisible''
|-
| '''teet-'''&lt;br&gt;''hear'' || '''teetyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''inaudible''
|-
| '''tox-'''&lt;br&gt;''forget'' || '''toxyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''unforgetable''
|-
| '''dal-'''&lt;br&gt;''speak'' || '''dalyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''unspeakable''
|-
! rowspan=6|-ifa !!rowspan=6| ''fond of, -phile'' !! Noun Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''pot'''&lt;br&gt;''animal'' || '''potifa'''&lt;br&gt;''pet-friendly''
|-
| '''hyitoob-'''&lt;br&gt;''same-gender'' || '''hyitoobifa'''&lt;br&gt;''homophile''
|-
| '''tobot'''&lt;br&gt;''child'' || '''tobotifa'''&lt;br&gt;''pedophile''
|-
| '''fitel'''&lt;br&gt;''food'' || '''fitelifa'''&lt;br&gt;''gourmand''
|-
| '''doob'''&lt;br&gt;''nation'' || '''doobifa'''&lt;br&gt;''patriotic''
|-
! rowspan=2|-ifwa !!rowspan=2| ''loved by'' !! Noun Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''tyod'''&lt;br&gt;''people'' || '''tyodifwa'''&lt;br&gt;''popular''
|-
! rowspan=4|-ufa !!rowspan=4| ''adverse to, hating, miso-, -phobic'' !! Noun Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''tob'''&lt;br&gt;''human'' || '''tobufa'''&lt;br&gt;''misanthropic''
|-
| '''hyut-'''&lt;br&gt;''other person'' || '''hyutufa'''&lt;br&gt;''xenophobic''
|-
| '''toyb-'''&lt;br&gt;''woman'' || '''toybufa'''&lt;br&gt;''misogynist''
|-
! rowspan=5|-ef(w)a !!rowspan=5|''needful of,&lt;br&gt;(necessary to be X-ed)'' !! Noun or Verb Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''til'''&lt;br&gt;''drink'' || '''tilefa'''&lt;br&gt;''thirsty''
|-
| '''tel'''&lt;br&gt;''food'' || '''telefa'''&lt;br&gt;''hungry''
|- 
| '''nas'''&lt;br&gt;''money'' || '''nasefa'''&lt;br&gt;''poor, needy''
|-
| '''yelb-'''&lt;br&gt;''to oil'' || '''yelbefwa'''&lt;br&gt;''squeaky, in need of oil''
|-
! rowspan=4|-yef(w)a !!rowspan=4| ''worthy of,&lt;br&gt; due to be (deserving of being X-ed)'' !! Noun or Verb Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''fid'''&lt;br&gt;''praise'' || '''fidyefa'''&lt;br&gt;''praiseworthy''
|-
| '''dud'''&lt;br&gt;''answer'' || '''dudyefa'''&lt;br&gt;''responsible''
|-
| '''tax-'''&lt;br&gt;''remember'' || '''taxyefwa'''&lt;br&gt;''memorable''
|-
! rowspan=3|-yuk(w)a !!rowspan=3| ''easy to, (easily X-ed)'' !! Verb Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''vatex-'''&lt;br&gt;''believe'' || '''vatexyuka'''&lt;br&gt;''gullible''
|-
| '''vatex-'''&lt;br&gt;''believe'' || '''vatexyukwa'''&lt;br&gt;''incredible, hard to believe''
|-
! rowspan=3|-yik(w)a !!rowspan=3| ''hard to,&lt;br&gt;(hard of X-ing)'' !! Verb Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''teat-'''&lt;br&gt;''see'' || '''teatyikwa'''&lt;br&gt;''opaque''
|-
| '''teet-'''&lt;br&gt;''hear'' || '''teetyika'''&lt;br&gt;''hard of hearing''
|}

=== Adjectival Prefixes ===

==== Negating the Meaning of Adjectives ====
::: The semantics of an adjective can be reversed with the prefix '''o-'''.

::: Examples:

::::* '''vlea'''....''probable'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;vlea'''....''improbable''
::::* '''fika'''....''perfect'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;fika'''....''imperfect''
::::* '''twa'''....''known'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;twa'''....''unknown''
::::* '''bosa'''....''quiet'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;bosa'''....''upset, unquiet''

::: Note: Occasionally, the prefix '''lo-''' is used to avoid ambiguity, as in the following case:

::::* '''fwa'''....''wanted'' 
::::* &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;fwa'''....''prohibited'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;&lt;/big&gt; '''ofer'''....''to prohibit''
::::* &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;fwa'''....''impossible'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;&lt;/big&gt; '''yofer'''....''to be unable''
::::* &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;fwa'''....''unwanted'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;&lt;/big&gt; '''fer'''....''to want'' (disambiguated)

::: The prefixes '''lyo-''' and '''ov''' are more intense for reversing the meaning of an adjective:

::::* '''data'''....''friendly''
::::* '''odata'''....''unfriendly''
::::* '''ovdata'''....''hostile''
::::* '''lyodata'''....''inimical''

::::* '''dota'''....''social''
::::* '''odota'''....''unsocial''
::::* '''ovdota'''....''antisocial''
::::* '''lyodota'''....''savage''

==== Table of Adjective Prefixes ====

::: As in English, where the sense of adjectives can be altered by a number of prefixes of Germanic, Latin, and Greek origin, the sense of adjectives in Mirad can also be altered with prefixes.  Here are the principal ones:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable collapsable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Altering the Sense of Adjectives with Prefixes&lt;br&gt;Click on double arrow to alphabetize the column
|-
! Mirad Prefix !! English Prefix !! Altered Adjective Examples
|-
| '''o-''' || ''un-, a(n)-, in-, non-'' ||'''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;baka'''....''unhealthy''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;yezyebeya'''....''incontinent'', '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;yelpea'''....''non-invasive''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;totina'''....''atheist''
|-
|'''ov-''' ||  ''anti-, counter-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ov&lt;/u&gt;zuina'''....''anti-leftist''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ov&lt;/u&gt;iztida'''....''counter-intuitive''
|-
|'''av-''' ||  ''pro-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;av&lt;/u&gt;hyitoosifa'''....''pro-gay''
|-
| '''kovyo-''' ||''pseudo-'' ||  '''&lt;u&gt;kovyo&lt;/u&gt;tepina'''....''pseudo-intellectual''
|-
| '''hya(s)-''' || ''all-, pan-, omni-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;hyas&lt;/u&gt;tea'''....''all-knowing, omniscient''
|-
| '''voy-, gal-''' || ''re-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt;upya'''....''returned''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt;abwa'''....''&lt;u&gt;re&lt;/u&gt;applied''
|-
| '''vyo-''' || ''mis-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;vyo&lt;/u&gt;seudxwa'''....''mispronounced''
|-
| '''eyn-''' ||  ''semi-, half-'' ||'''&lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;levelaya'''....''semi-sweet''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;tija'''....''half-awake''
|-
|'''yiz-''' ||  ''ultra-, super-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yiz&lt;/u&gt;doobina'''....''ultra-nationalist''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;yiz&lt;/u&gt;mola'''....''supernatural''
|-
| '''gro-''' || ''under-, hypo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt;jaga'''....''under-aged''
|-
| '''gra-''' || ''over-, hyper-, uber-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt;agxwa'''....''overgrown''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt;toseya'''....''hypersensitive''
|-
| '''gla-''' ||''multi-, many-, poly-'' ||  '''&lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt;kuma'''....''multilateral''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt;tadaya'''....''polygamous''
|-
|'''fu-''' || ''mal-, ill-'' ||  '''&lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt;teyenxwa'''....''ill-conceived''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt;sanxwa'''....''malformed''
|-
| '''fi-''' || ''well-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;fi&lt;/u&gt;tofabwa'''....''well-dressed''
|-
| '''yuyb-''' ||''quasi-, almost'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuyb&lt;/u&gt;daba'''....''quasi-governmental''
|-
|  '''ja-''' || ''pre-, (a)fore-, pro-'' ||'''&lt;u&gt;ja&lt;/u&gt;teyenxwa'''....''pre-conceived''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ja&lt;/u&gt;igdawa'''....''aformentioned''
|-
| '''jo-''' || ''post-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt;dropeka'''....''post-war''
|-
| '''oyeb-'''|| ''extra-, exo-, '' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyeb&lt;/u&gt;tada'''....''extra-marital''
|-
| '''yeb-''' || ''endo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;tayoba'''....''endo-dermal''
|-
| '''agl(a)-''' || ''macro-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;agla&lt;/u&gt;mora'''....''macrocosmic''
|-
| '''ogl(a)-''' || ''micro-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ogla&lt;/u&gt;mora'''....''microcosmic''
|-
| '''ut-''' || ''auto-, self-, sui-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;pana'''....''automatic''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;tojbua'''....''suicidal''
|-
| '''hyaewa-''' || ''ambi-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;hyaewa&lt;/u&gt;tesea'''....''ambivalent''
|-
| '''en-''' || ''bi-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;toobifa'''....''bisexual''
|-
| '''yuz-''' || ''circum-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuz&lt;/u&gt;teaxea'''....''circumspect''
|-
| '''gel-''' || ''homo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt;sauna'''....''homogeneous''
|-
| '''ogel-''' || ''hetero-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ogel&lt;/u&gt;sauna'''....''heterogeneous''
|-
| '''oyb-''' || ''infra-, sub-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyb&lt;/u&gt;ivoza'''....''infrared''
|-
| '''ge-''' || ''iso-, equi-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt;voza'''....''isochromatic''
|-
| '''agr(a)-''' || ''mega-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;agra&lt;/u&gt;tipa'''....''megamaniacal''
|-
| '''ku-''' || ''para-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ku&lt;/u&gt;ega'''....''paranormal''
|-
| '''yuyb-''' || ''quasi-, almost, pen-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuyb&lt;/u&gt;dobyena'''....''quasi-official''
|-
| '''yib-''' || ''tele-, far-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yib&lt;/u&gt;pyuxea'''....''far-reaching''
|-
| '''zey-''' || ''trans-, cross-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zey&lt;/u&gt;mimaga'''....''transoceanic''
|-
| '''aaj-''' || ''paleo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;aaj&lt;/u&gt;toba'''....''paleoloanthropic''
|-
| '''eej-''' || ''neo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;eej&lt;/u&gt;visauna'''....''neoclassical''
|-
| '''yibaj-''' || ''arch(a)eo-, ancient'' || '''yibajtuna'''....''archaeological''
|-
| '''yeb-''' || ''endo-, inner, intro-'' || '''yebzena'''....''endocentric''&lt;br&gt;'''yebuzbwa'''....''introverted''
|-
| '''oyeb-''' || ''exo-, outer, ex-, extr(a/o)-'' || '''oyebzena'''....''exocentric''&lt;br&gt;'''oyebuzbwa'''....''extroverted''
|-
| '''yab(an)-''' || ''high-, up'' || '''yabnoga'''....''upscale''&lt;br&gt;'''yabnayxa'''....''high-priced''
|-
| '''yaban-''' || ''acro-'' || '''yabanyufa'''....''acrophobic''
|-
| '''yob-''' || ''low-, down-'' || '''yobnoga'''....''low-grade, down-scale''
|}


=== English and Mirad Adjectival Suffix Comparison ===

: Here is a chart showing a comparison between English adjectival suffixes and their Mirad counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ English and Mirad Adjectival Suffixes Compared
|-
! English Suffix !! Meaning !! Mirad Suffix !! Altered Adjective Examples
|-
| ''-ful'' || full of || '''-aya&lt;br&gt; -ika''' || '''voz&lt;u&gt;aya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''colorful''&lt;br&gt; '''tuz&lt;u&gt;ika&lt;/u&gt;'''....''skillful''
|-
| ''-ous'' || full of || '''-aya&lt;br&gt; -ika''' || '''naz&lt;u&gt;ika&lt;/u&gt;'''....''precious''&lt;br&gt; '''mil&lt;u&gt;aya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''aqueous''
|-
| ''-filled'' || full of || '''-aya&lt;br&gt; -ika''' || '''mov&lt;u&gt;ika&lt;/u&gt; / mov&lt;u&gt;aya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''smoke-filled''
|-
| ''-y'' || full of || '''-aya&lt;br&gt; -ika''' || '''mov&lt;u&gt;ika&lt;/u&gt; / mov&lt;u&gt;aya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''smoky''&lt;br&gt; 
|-
| ''-ous'' || of&lt;br&gt; like || '''-a''' || '''totin&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''religious''&lt;br&gt; '''vyos&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''erroneous''
|-
| ''-ly'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''tot&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''godly''&lt;br&gt; '''toyb&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''womanly''
|-
| ''-like'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''pat&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bird-like''
|-
| ''-ish'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''tobot&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''childish''
|-
| ''-y'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''fyab&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''fruity''
|-
| ''-ic'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''tuz&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''artistic''&lt;br&gt; '''sil&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''acidic''
|-
| ''-ic'' || of&lt;br&gt; related to || '''-a''' || '''tun&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''scientific''&lt;br&gt; '''bek&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''therapeutic''
|-
| ''-ical'' || of&lt;br&gt; related to || '''-a''' || '''zyunid&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''spherical''&lt;br&gt; '''iztex&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''logical''
|-
| ''-ological'' || pertaining to the study of || '''-tuna''' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;tuna&lt;/u&gt;'''....''biological''
|-
| ''-ist(ic)'' || pertaining to the doctrine of || '''-ina''' || '''dopar&lt;u&gt;ina&lt;/u&gt;'''....''militarist(ic)''&lt;br&gt; '''nasyan&lt;u&gt;ina&lt;/u&gt;'''....''capitalist(ic)''
|-
| ''-ophobic'' (and ''miso-'' prefix) || hating&lt;br&gt; fearful of || '''-ufa''' || '''yudat&lt;u&gt;ufa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''xenophonic''&lt;br&gt; '''tobyan&lt;u&gt;ufa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''misanthropic''
|-
| ''-ophilic'' (and ''philo-'' prefix) || loving || '''-ifa''' || '''tobot&lt;u&gt;ifa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pedophilic''&lt;br&gt; '''tob&lt;u&gt;ifa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''philanthropic''
|-
| ''-al'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''pyot&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bestial''
|-
| ''-al'' || of&lt;br&gt; pertaining to || '''-a''' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''vital''&lt;br&gt; '''aman&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''thermal''
|-
| ''-less'' || without&lt;br&gt; empty of || '''-oya&lt;br&gt; -uka''' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;uka&lt;/u&gt;'''....''lifeless''&lt;br&gt; '''tobot&lt;u&gt;oya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''childless''
|-
| ''-free'' || without&lt;br&gt; empty of || '''-oya&lt;br&gt; -uka''' || '''yom&lt;u&gt;uka&lt;/u&gt;'''....''ice-free''&lt;br&gt; '''vyos&lt;u&gt;oya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''error-free''
|-
| ''-safe&lt;br&gt; -proof'' || free&lt;br&gt; not subject to || '''-vaka''' || '''mil&lt;u&gt;vaka&lt;/u&gt;'''....''water&lt;u&gt;proof&lt;/u&gt;''
|}

== Forming Adverbs ==

: Adjectives can be converted into adverbs by post-y-gliding the adjectival suffix '''a''', in other words, by adding a '''y''' to the adjective.  Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

: Examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Deriving Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''fi&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''good'' || '''fi&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''well'' 
|-
| '''vya&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''true'' || '''vya&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''truly''
|-
| '''gyu&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''easy'' || '''gyu&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''easily''
|-
| '''ig&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''quick'' || '''ig&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''quickly''
|-
| '''aut&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''personal'' || '''aut&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''personally''
|}

: For brevity's sake, the stem of monosyllabic de-adjectival adverbs can be used at the end of a clause or sentence.  For example:

::* '''It tyoyape &lt;u&gt;ig&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He walks &lt;u&gt;fast&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yit xa has &lt;u&gt;fi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They did it &lt;u&gt;well&lt;/u&gt;.''
=== Special Adverbs ===
: Mirad has special adverbs that are not derived from adjectives and may or may not end in '''-ay'''.  

: Here are the principal such adverbs:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Special Adverbs
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
| '''vay'''||''indeed, really, certainly, do'' (cf. '''va'''....''yes'')
|-
| '''vey'''||''possibly, may, might''  (cf. '''ve'''....''maybe'')
|-
| '''voy'''||''not'' (cf. '''vo'''....''no'')
|-
| '''ga'''||''more'' (modifying an adjective, adverb, or verb)
|- 
| '''gay'''||''also, moreover, further, still''
|-
| '''ge'''||''as, equally'' (modifying an adjective, adverb, or verb)
|-
| '''gey'''||''even''
|-
| '''go'''||''less'' (modifying an adjective, adverb, or verb)
|-
| '''goy'''||''no longer, no more'' 
|-
| '''gla'''||''very''
|-
| '''glay'''||''quite, rather, so''
|-
| '''gle'''||''so''
|-
| '''glo'''||''not very, not so''
|-
| '''gra'''||''too''
|-
| '''gre'''||''enough, sufficiently, over-''
|-
| '''gro'''||''not...enough, inadequately, under-''
|-
| '''gwa'''||''most, super-''
|-
| '''gwe'''||''average''
|-
| '''gwo'''||''least, sub-''
|-
| '''zay'''||''ahead, forward''
|-
| '''zey'''||''across''
|-
| '''zoy'''||''back''
|-
| '''zye'''||''through''
|-
| '''zya'''||''throughout''
|}

: The first three adverbs in the above chart are used to affirm or emphasize, cast doubt on, or negate verb predicates as in the examples that follow:

::* AFFIRMATIVE: '''Va, at &lt;u&gt;vay&lt;/u&gt; se taduwa.'''....''Yes, I am &lt;u&gt;indeed&lt;/u&gt; married.''
::* DUBITIVE: '''Iyta dud se &lt;u&gt;vey&lt;/u&gt; vyosa.'''....''Her response is &lt;u&gt;possibly&lt;/u&gt; wrong.''
::* NEGATIVE: '''At &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; se eta yuxrut.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; your slave.''

: The adverbs above beginning with '''g''' are quantitative adverbs and modify an adjective, verb, or another adverb:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; via.'''....''You are &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; beautiful [=ADJECTIVE].''
::* '''Et peya &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; ig.'''....''You were going &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; fast [=ADVERB].''
::* '''It &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; dale.'''....''He talks [=VERB] &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; much.''

: Adverbs can be combined with prepositions to form compound prepositions.  If the adverbs ends in '''b''' and the preposition following it begins in '''b''', they are joined together with a single '''b'''.
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Compound Prepositions
|-
! Special Adverb !! Example
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' + '''bu'''....''to'' = '''yabu''' || '''Ha pat papa &lt;u&gt;yabu&lt;/u&gt; ha mam.'''....''The bird flew &lt;u&gt;up to&lt;/u&gt; the sky.''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' + '''bu'''....''to'' = '''yobu'''|| '''Teaxu &lt;u&gt;yobu&lt;/u&gt; ha mel.'''....''Look &lt;u&gt;down to&lt;/u&gt; the ground.''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' + '''bi'''....''from'' = '''yobi''' || '''Upu &lt;u&gt;yobi&lt;/u&gt; ha abmas!'''....''Come &lt;u&gt;down from&lt;/u&gt; the roof!''
|-
| '''yub'''....''near'' + '''bi'''....''from'' = '''yubi''' || '''Besu &lt;u&gt;yubi&lt;/u&gt; ha mas.'''....''Stay &lt;u&gt;near (from)&lt;/u&gt; the wall.''
|-
| '''yib'''....''far'' + '''bi'''....''from'' = '''yibi''' || '''Ha tobi igpia &lt;u&gt;yibi&lt;/u&gt; ha yovbyokam.'''....''The people ran &lt;u&gt;far from&lt;/u&gt; the prison.''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in, inward, inside'' + '''bu'''....''to'' = '''yebu'''  || '''Kyedu hat hu ogja tyoyapa &lt;u&gt;yebu&lt;/u&gt;ha tam!'''....''Guess who just walked &lt;u&gt;into&lt;/u&gt; the house!''
|-
| '''oyeb'''....''out, outside'' + '''zye'''....''through'' || '''It tyoyapa &lt;u&gt;oyeb zye&lt;/u&gt; ha zames.'''....''He walked &lt;u&gt;out&lt;/u&gt; through the front door.''
|-
| '''iz'''....''directly, straight'' + '''bu'''....''to'' || '''Pu &lt;u&gt;iz bu&lt;/u&gt; hat.'''....''Go &lt;u&gt;right up to&lt;/u&gt; him.''
|-
| '''zi'''....''right'' + '''ub'''....''toward''|| '''Uzpu &lt;u&gt;zi ub&lt;/u&gt; yat!'''....''Turn &lt;u&gt;right toward&lt;/u&gt; us!''
|-
| '''zu'''....''left'' + '''bi'''....''from''|| '''Hat uzpa &lt;u&gt;zu ib&lt;/u&gt; at.'''....''He turned &lt;u&gt;left away from&lt;/u&gt; me.''
|-
| '''zay'''....''forward'' + '''bu'''....''to'' || '''Pu &lt;u&gt;zay bu&lt;/u&gt; ha uj.'''....''Go &lt;u&gt;on to&lt;/u&gt; the end.''
|-
| '''zoy'''....''back'' + '''bi'''....''from''|| '''Upu &lt;u&gt;zoy bi&lt;/u&gt; hua nem.'''....''Come &lt;u&gt;back from&lt;/u&gt; that place.''
|-
| '''yan'''....''together'' + '''bay'''....''with'' || '''Van yat tyopu &lt;u&gt;yan bay&lt;/u&gt; ha hyuti.'''....''Let's walk &lt;u&gt;together with&lt;/u&gt; the others.''
|-
| '''yon'''....''apart'' + '''bi'''....''from''|| '''Ha meri kyapeye &lt;u&gt;yon bi &lt;/u&gt; hyuisi.'''....''The planets are drifting &lt;u&gt;apart from&lt;/u&gt; one another.''
|}

=== Pro-adverbs ===
: There are also adverbial expressions that are formed with deictic prefixes and categorical stubs to produce what are known as '''''pro-adverbs'''''.  These include interrogative pro-adverbs like '''duhom?''' (''where?''), '''duhoyen?''' (''how?''), '''duhoj?''' (''when?''), '''duhogla''' (''to what extent?''), and their answers, such as '''hum''' (''there''), '''heyen''' (''somehow''), and '''hyoj''' (''never''), '''hugla''' (''so, to that extent''). These words are discussed under the chapter on [[Mirad_Grammar/Determiners#Deictic Determiners|Deictic Determiners]].

== Forming Verbs ==
[[File:Various forms of using the verb &quot;to inform&quot; in LSC.png|thumb|]]
: Verbs can be formed from various parts of speech:
::* Noun stems
::* Adjective stems
::* Verb stems
=== Forming Verbs from Nouns ===

: Verbs can sometimes be formed from nouns simply by adding the verb infinitive suffix '''er''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Denominal Verb Derivation
|-
! Noun !! Verb
|-
| '''ak'''....''a gain'' || '''aker'''....''to win''
|-
| '''af'''....''permission'' || '''afer'''....''may, be allowed''
|-
| '''teud'''....''cry, shout'' || '''teuder'''....''to cry, shout, exclaim''
|-
| '''taj'''....''birth'' || '''tajer'''....''to be born''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''tejer'''....''to live''
|-
| '''toj'''....''death'' || '''tojer'''....''to die''
|-
| '''ej'''....''present'' || '''ejer'''....''to continue''
|-
| '''ij'''....''beginning'' || '''ijer'''....''to begin''
|-
| '''uj'''....''end'' || '''ijer'''....''to end''
|-
| '''yuj'''....''sleep'' || '''tujer'''....''to sleep''
|}

=== Verb Formants ===

: More often, an auxiliary verb or verb stub is used to create various verbs from nouns.  The most common such '''''verb formants''''' are in this chart:

:* '''-ser'''....''to be/become'' usually intransitive and stative (''unite'' = ''become one'')
::* '''-sler'''....(more intensive)
::* '''-srer'''....(most intensive)
:* '''-xer'''....''to do/make'' usually transitive and dynamic (''unite'' = ''make one'')
::* '''-xler'''....(more intensive)
::* '''-xrer'''....(most intensive)
:* '''-per'''....''to go'' usually intransitive and a dynamic verb of motion (''mount'' = ''get onto'')
::* '''-pler'''....(more intensive)
::* '''-prer'''....(most intensive)
:* '''-ber'''....''to put'' usually transitive and a verb of gesture (''apply'' = ''put onto'')
::* '''-bler'''....(more intensive)
::* '''-brer'''....(most intensive)
:* '''-ier''' a stub from the verb '''bier'''....''to take'', usually an action verb benefiting the agent (''eat'' = ''take food'')
:* '''-uer''' a stub from the verb '''buer'''....''to give'', usually an action verb benefiting the patient (''feed'' = ''give food'')
:* '''-der'''....''to say'', a verb of communication (''affirm'' = ''say yes'')
:* '''-drer'''....''to write''
:* '''-ter'''....''to know'', verbs of the perception and knowledge ('''teater''' = ''see'')

:: Some of the above formants can be intensified with the liquids '''l''' or '''r''', eg.'''sler, -xler, -xrer, -bler, -prer'''.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Verb Derivation with Verb Formants
|-
! Noun !! Auxiliary Verb Or Verb Stub Formant !! Verb
|-
| '''yav'''....''innocence'' || '''der'''....''to say'' || '''yavder'''....''to acquit''
|-
| '''yov'''....''shame, guilt'' || '''aber'''....''to apply, put on'' || '''yovaber'''....''to shame, accuse''
|-
| '''yov'''....''shame, guilt'' || '''ober'''....''to remove, take off'' || '''yovober'''....''to excuse, exculpate''
|-
| '''tof'''....''clothes'' || '''aber'''....''to apply, put on'' || '''tofaber'''....''to dress, don''
|-
| '''tof'''....''clothes'' || '''ober'''....''to remove, take off'' || '''tofober'''....''to undress, strip''
|-
| '''det'''....''associate'' || '''ser'''....''to be, become'' || '''detser'''....''to associate''
|-
| '''dat'''....''friend'' || '''xer'''....''to do, make'' || '''datxer'''....''to befriend''
|-
| '''san'''....''form'' || '''ser'''....''to be, become'' || '''sanser'''....''to form (intransitive)''
|-
| '''san'''....''form'' || '''xer'''....''to do, make'' || '''sanxer'''....''to form (transitive)''
|-
| '''tel'''....''food'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''telier'''....''to eat, consume''
|-
| '''tel'''....''food'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''teluer'''....''to feed, nourish''
|-
| '''if'''....''pleasure'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''ifier'''....''to enjoy''
|-
| '''if'''....''pleasure'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''ifuer'''....''to please''
|-
| '''taj'''....''birth'' || '''ber'''....''to put'' || '''tajber'''....''to give birth''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''tejper'''....''to come alive''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''ber'''....''to put'' || '''tejber'''....''to bring to life''
|-
| '''toj'''....''death'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''tojper'''....''to drop dead''
|-
| '''toj'''....''death'' || '''ber'''....''to put'' || '''tojber'''....''to kill''
|-
| '''tij'''....''wakefulness'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''tijper'''....''to wake up''
|-
| '''tij'''....''wakefulness'' || '''ber'''....''to put'' || '''tijber'''....''to awaken''
|-
| '''tuj'''....''sleep'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''tujper'''....''to fall asleep''
|-
| '''tuj'''....''sleep'' || '''ber'''....''to put'' || '''tujber'''....''to put to sleep''
|-
| '''tax'''....''memory'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''taxier'''....''to recall''
|-
| '''tax'''....''memory'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''taxuer'''....''to remind''
|-
| '''yev'''....''justice'' || '''der'''....''to say, tell'' || '''yevder'''....''to judge''
|-
| '''vyan'''....''truth'' || '''der'''....''to say, tell'' || '''vyander'''....''to tell the truth''
|-
| '''vyon'''....''falsehood'' || '''der'''....''to say, tell'' || '''vyonder'''....''to tell a lie''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''aker'''....''to gain'' || '''ilaker'''....''to take on liquid''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''oker'''....''to lose'' || '''iloker'''....''to leak, lose liquid''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''ilier'''....''to soak up''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''iluer'''....''to pour, water''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ikser'''....''to get full'' || '''ilikser'''....''to be soaked'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ikxer'''....''to fill up'' || '''ilikxer'''....''to flood, soak'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ukser'''....''to become empty'' || '''ilukser'''....''to drain'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ukxer'''....''to empty'' || '''ilukxer'''....''to flush'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ser'''....''to be, become'' || '''ilser'''....''to liquify, melt'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''xer'''....''to do, make'' || '''ilxer'''....''to liquify, melt'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''aber'''....''to apply, put on'' || '''ilaber'''....''to wash'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''aper'''....''to get on'' || '''ilaper'''....''to float'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''ilper'''....''to flow'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''zyaber'''....''to spread'' || '''ilzyaber'''....''to spray, shower'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''zyober'''....''to squeeze'' || '''ilzyober'''....''to squirt'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''pyexer'''....''to strike'' || '''ilpyexer'''....''to splash (with liquid)''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''yujer'''....''to close'' || '''ilyujer'''....''to plug''
|}

: Note that verbs ending in '''-ser''' and '''-ier''' are intransitive (they take no object), while those ending in '''-xer''' and '''-uer''' are transitive.  Also, '''-ier''' verbs are subject-directed, while '''-uer''' verbs are object-directive or causative (making someone do something).

=== Forming Verbs from Adjectives With -xer and -ser ===

: The verbs that are formed from adjectives fall mainly into two groups, the transitive group with '''-xer'''....''to do, make, cause'', and the intransitive group with '''-ser'''....''to be, become''.

: The following chart shows how these verbs are formed:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Forming Verbs with Xer and Ser
|-
! Adjective !! Transitive Verb !! Intransitive Verb
|-
| '''aza'''....''strong'' || '''azaxer'''....''fortify, strengthen, make strong'' || '''azaser'''....''get strong''
|-
| '''oza'''....''week'' || '''ozaxer'''....''weaken'' || '''ozaser'''....''grow weaker''
|-
| '''kyia'''....''heavy'' || '''kyiaxer'''....''weigh down'' || '''kyiaser'''....''grow heavy''
|-
| '''kyua'''....''light'' || '''kyuaxer'''....''lighten, make lighter'' || '''kyuaser'''....''get lighter''
|-
| '''yana'''....''together'' || '''yanaxer'''....''bring together'' || '''yanaser'''....''get together''
|}

: The final adjective ending '''a''' is often dropped to form a verb with a slightly different meaning, usually somewhat more idiomatic.  In some cases, dropping the '''a''' makes it clear that the verb is created from a noun rather than an adjective, as in the last example of the following chart:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Comparing Full and Stub Adjectives in Verb Formation
|-
! Adjective !! Transitive Verb !! Intransitive Verb
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''agaxer'''....''magnify'' || '''agaser'''....''get big''
|-
|   || '''agxer'''....''grow'' || '''agxer'''....''grow up, mature''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''iga'''....''fast'' || '''igaxer'''....''accelerate'' || '''igaser'''....''speed up''
|-
|  || '''igxer'''....''rush'' || '''igser'''....''hurry up''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''baka'''....''healthy'' || '''bakaxer'''....''make healthy'' || '''bakaser'''....''get healthy''
|-
|  || '''bakxer'''....''heal'' || '''bakser'''....''heal''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''sana'''....''formal'' || '''sanaxer'''....''formalize'' || '''sanaser'''....''become formal''
|-
| || '''sanxer'''....''form, shape'' || '''sanser'''....''form, take shape''
|}

=== Forming Verbs of Gesture and Motion with -ber and -per ===

: Verbs of gesture are formed with the transitive auxiliary verb '''ber'''....''to put'', while parallel verbs of motion are formed with the intransitive auxiliary verb '''per'''....''to go''.  These verbs are usually paired and are often built from a prepositional base.  If the prepositional base ends in '''b''', the '''b''' is dropped. Here are some examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Verb Derivation with Ber and Per
|-
! Preposition&lt;br&gt;Base !! Transitive Gesture Verb !! Intransitive Motion Verb
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''aber'''....''apply, put on'' || '''aper'''....''mount, get on''
|-
| '''eb'''....''between'' || '''eber'''....''block'' || '''eper'''....''intervene''
|-
| '''ob'''....''off'' || '''ober'''....''remove, take off'' || '''oper'''....''dismount, get off''
|-
| '''ib'''....''away'' || '''iber'''....''receive'' || '''iper'''....''leave''
|-
| '''ub'''....''toward'' || '''uber'''....''send'' || '''uper'''....''come''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''yeber'''....''insert''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeber'''....''take out'' || '''yeper'''....''enter''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeper'''....''exit''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yober'''....''lower'' || '''yoper'''....''descend''
|-
| '''yib'''....''far'' || '''yiber'''....''take away'' || '''yiper'''....''move away''
|-
| '''yub'''....''near'' || '''yuber'''....''bring'' || '''yuper'''....''approach''
|-
! !! !!
|-
|-
| '''za'''....''front'' || '''zaber'''....''put up front'' || '''zaper'''....''take the lead''
|-
| '''zay'''....''forward'' || '''zayber'''....''advance'' || '''zayper'''....''advance, go forward''
|-
| '''ze'''....''middle'' || '''zeber'''....''balance'' || '''zeper'''....''balance''
|-
| '''zey'''....''across'' || '''zeyber'''....''take across, transfer'' || '''zeyper'''....''cross, go over, transit''
|-
| '''zo'''....''behind'' || '''zober'''....''hinder'' || '''zoper'''....''trail, lag''
|-
| '''zoy'''....''back'' || '''zoyber'''....''set back, return'' || '''zoyper'''....''retreat, go back, return''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''iz'''....''straight'' || '''izber'''....''guide'' || '''izper'''....''aim for''
|-
| '''uz'''....''crooked'' || '''uzber'''....''divert'' || '''uzper'''....''turn, diverge''
|-
|- '''zi'''....''right'' || '''ziber'''....''set to the right'' || '''ziper'''....''go right''
|-
| '''zu'''....''left'' || '''zuber'''....''set to the left'' || '''zuper'''.... ''go left''
|-
| '''yiz'''....''beyond'' || '''yizber'''....''take beyond'' || '''yizper'''....''pass by''
|-
| '''yuz'''....''around'' || '''yuzber'''....''take around'' || '''yuzper'''....''go around''
|}
==== Deriving Further Verbs of Gesture and Motion ====
: More elaborate verbs of gesture and motion can be formed by adding positional/directional ordinal vowels along with combinations of '''ser''' and '''xer''', plus the intensifiers '''y''', '''l''' and '''r'''.  In this more complex scheme, the stem-initial '''p''' is a more semantically intense version of '''b'''.  Also the verb endings '''-sler''' and '''-srer''' and more intense versions of the intransitive ending '''-ser''', while '''-xler''' and '''-xrer''' and more intense version of the transitve ending '''-xer'''.  Verbs ending in '''-ler''' and '''-rer''' are transitive voice by nature, '''-rer''' being more semantically intense.  Prepositions can be prefixed to change the direction of the gestures or motions. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Creating More Elaborate Verbs
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Gesture Verb !! colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Motion Verb
|-
! Intransitive !! Transitive !! Intransitive !! Transitive
|-
| -- ||'''ber'''....''put''
&lt;br&gt;'''beer'''....''have''
&lt;br&gt;'''beler'''....''carry''
&lt;br&gt;'''bexer'''....''hold''
&lt;br&gt;'''bexler'''....''keep''
| '''per'''....''go''||--
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''baer'''....''lean on'' || '''baler'''....''press''&lt;br&gt;'''yanbaler'''....''compress''&lt;br&gt;'''yobaler'''....''depress, suppress''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzbaler'''....''hug''&lt;br&gt;'''zoybaler'''....''repress''&lt;br&gt;'''barer'''....''crush'' ||'''paer'''....''hover''  ||
|-
|'''baser'''....''gesticulate'' || '''baxer'''....''make a gesture''&lt;br&gt;'''abaxer'''....''caress, pat'' || '''paser'''....''move''||'''paxer'''....''move''
|-
|'''byaser'''....''stand up'' || '''byaxer'''....''set up, erect'' || '''pyaser'''....''jump up'' || '''pyaxer'''....''shoot, launch''
|-
|'''basler'''....''budge'' || '''baxler'''....''rouse''&lt;br&gt;'''abaxler'''....''stroke'' || '''paaser'''....''get excited'' || '''paaxer'''....''excite''&lt;br&gt;'''apaxler'''....''sweep''
|-
|'''basrer'''....''shake'' || '''baxrer'''....''shake''&lt;br&gt;'''abaxrer'''....''rub'' || || '''apaxrer'''....''scrub''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
|'''beser'''....''stay'' || '''bexer'''....''hold''&lt;br&gt;'''zoybexer'''....''restrain''&lt;br&gt;'''yobexer'''....''detain, hold down'' || '''peser'''....''wait'' || '''pexer'''....''trap''&lt;br&gt;'''pexler'''....''capture''&lt;br&gt;'''pexrer'''....''abduct''
|-
|'''byeser'''....''behave''|| '''byexer'''....''hit'' || '''pyeser'''....''run into, bump into''|| '''pyexer'''....''strike, knock''&lt;br&gt;'''yonpyexer'''....''break''&lt;br&gt;'''yopyexer'''....''knock down''&lt;br&gt;'''epyexer'''....''fight''&lt;br&gt;'''apyexer'''....''attack''&lt;br&gt;'''ovpyexer'''....''offend''&lt;br&gt;'''kunpyexer'''....''sideswipe''&lt;br&gt;'''tuyapyexer'''....''slap''
|-
|'''besler'''....''adhere'' || '''bexler'''....''retain''|| || '''pyexler'''....''pound, beat''&lt;br&gt;'''apyexler'''....''assault''&lt;br&gt;'''yonpexler'''....''shatter, burst''
|-
| || || '''yanpyesrer'''....''implode''&lt;br&gt;'''yonpyesler'''....''explode'' || '''pyexler'''....''blast, bomb''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''boser'''....''calm down''&lt;br&gt;'''boyser'''....''rest'' || '''boxer'''....''quieten, quell'' || '''poser'''....''stop''&lt;br&gt;'''poyser'''....''pause'' || '''poxer'''....''stop''
|-
| '''byoser'''....''hang'' || '''byoxer'''....''hang'' || '''pyoser'''....''fall''&lt;br&gt;'''yonpyoser'''....''decay'' || '''pyoxer'''....''drop, throw down''&lt;br&gt;'''yopyoxer'''....''topple''&lt;br&gt;
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''biser'''....''originate'' || '''bixer'''....''pull''&lt;br&gt;'''yanbixer'''....''contract''&lt;br&gt;'''yonbixer'''....''distract''&lt;br&gt;'''yubixer'''....''attract''&lt;br&gt;'''yibixer'''....''distract''&lt;br&gt;'''oyebixer'''....''extract''&lt;br&gt;'''yebixer'''....''push in'' || || '''pixer'''....''catch''
|-
|'''bisler'''....''spring'' || '''bixler'''....''yank''&lt;br&gt;'''bixrer'''....''ravage'' || || '''pixler'''....''snatch''&lt;br&gt;'''pixrer'''....''rape''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''buser'''....''be destined'' || '''buxer'''....''push, drive''&lt;br&gt;'''zyobuxer'''....''squeeze''&lt;br&gt;'''yebuxer'''....''expel''&lt;br&gt;'''abuxer'''....''impose'' || '''apuser'''....''assault'' || '''puxer'''....''throw, thrust''
|-
|'''byuser'''....''bump into'' || '''byuxer'''....''touch''&lt;br&gt;'''yanbyuxer'''....''contact'' ||'''pyuser'''....''run into'' || '''pyuxer'''....''crash''
|-
|'''busler'''....''swoop'' || '''buxler'''....''shove'' || '''pusler'''....''lunge, pounce'' || '''puxler'''....''thrust''&lt;br&gt;'''zyapuxler'''....''splatter''
|}

=== Deriving New Verbs with Prefixes ===
: Yet more complex verbs can be generated by adding directional and positional prefixes to the above verbs. Let's just take the one verb '''baxer''' (and its intransitive partner '''baser''') as our base verb and generate many others through prefixation of prepositional and other words as shown in the following chart:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Baxer Verbs
|-
! Prefix !! Verb
|-
!  colspan=2 | '''baxer'''....''gesture, make a bodily motion''
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''abaxer'''....''caress, pat, pet, stroke, rub''
|-
| '''iz'''....''straight'' || '''izbaxer'''....''point''
|-
| '''teb'''....''head'' || '''tebaxer'''....''nod''
|-
| '''va'''....''yes'' || '''vatebaxer'''....''nod yes''
|-
| '''vo'''....''no'' || '''votebaxer'''....''nod no''
|-
| '''ve'''....''maybe'' || '''vetebaxer'''....''shrug''
|-
| '''tuyab'''....''hand'' || '''tuyabaxer'''....''wave''
|-
| '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''tubaxer'''....''flail, swing''
|-
| '''teubab'''....''tongue'' || '''teubabaxer'''....''lick''
|-
| '''teab'''....''eye'' || '''teubaxer'''....''wink''
|-
| '''patub'''....''wing'' || '''patubaxer'''....''flap''
|-
| '''tiyub'''....''tail'' || '''tiyubaxer'''....''wag''
|-
! colspan=2 | '''baser'''....''gesticulate''
|-
| '''ig-'''....''fast'' || '''igbaser'''....''jerk''
|-
| '''zay'''....''forward'' || '''igzaybaser'''....''lurch''
|-
| '''zoy'''....''back'' || '''zoybaser'''....''recoil''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yobaser'''....''bow, bend down''
|-
| '''ku-'''....''side'' || '''kubaser'''....''slide''
|-
| '''ig-'''....''fast'' || '''igkubaser'''....''slip''
|-
| '''iz'''....''straight'' + '''uz'''....''curved'' || '''uizbaser'''....''sway, swagger, swish''
|-
| '''zi'''....''right'' + '''zu'''....''left'' || '''zuibaser'''....''wiggle, wobble, totter''
|}

=== Forming Frequentative Verbs ===

: A frequentative verb, that is, one that involves an action done quickly multiple times in succession, can be formed by prefixing the syllable '''je-''' to the verb.  Here are some examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ The -eg- Frequentative Infix
|-
! Regular Verb !! Frequantative Verb
|-
| '''paser'''....''move'' || '''jepaser'''....''shake, shudder''
|-
| '''pyaser'''....''jump'' || '''jepyaser'''....''bounce''
|-
| '''paper'''....''fly'' || '''jepaper'''....''flutter, flit''
|-
| '''braser'''....''shake'' || '''jebraser'''....''shudder, quiver, vibrate''
|-
| '''teupixer'''....''bite'' || '''jeteupiger'''....''nibble''
|-
| '''ilzyaber'''....''spray'' || '''jeilzyaber'''....''sprinkle''
|-
| '''pyexer'''....''beat'' || '''jepyexer'''....''batter, whip''
|}

=== Forming Hybrid Words ===

: Expressions with alternating components like ''back-and-forth'', ''up-and-down'', etc. are formed in a peculiar, hybrid way.  The following table shows this formation and how such words can be used, especially as prefixes on verbs:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Hybrid Words
|-
! Alternative Components !! Hybrid Expression !! Examples
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' +&lt;br&gt;'''yob'''....''down'' || '''yao(b)-'''....''up-and-down'' || '''yaoper'''....''fluctuate'', '''yaopuser'''....''bounce''
|-
| '''a-'''....''up, north, skyward'' +&lt;br&gt;'''o-'''....''down, south'' || '''ao-'''....''vertical'' || '''aonada'''....''vertical'', '''aonab'''....''column''
|-
| '''za(y)'''....''forth, north'' +&lt;br&gt;'''zo(y)'''....''back, south'' || '''zao(b)-'''....''front-back/north-to-south'' || '''zaobaser'''....''rock'', '''zaomera'''....''north/south''
|-
|- '''zu'''....''left/west'' +&lt;br&gt;'''zi'''....''right/east'' || '''zui(b)-'''....''right-to-left/east-to-west'' || '''zuinada'''....''horizontal'', '''zuibaser'''....''wiggle'', '''zuimera'''....''east/west''
|-
| '''bu'''....''to'' +&lt;br&gt;'''bi'''....''from'' || '''bui-'''....''to-and-from'' || '''buipar'''....''shuttle'', '''buipop'''....''round-trip''
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' +&lt;br&gt;'''ob'''....''off'' || '''ao(b)-'''....''on-and-off'' || '''aoper'''....''get on and off''
|-
| '''yuj-'''....''closed'' +&lt;br&gt;'''yij-'''....''open'' || '''yuij-'''....''open-and-shut'' || '''yuijbar'''....''switch'', '''igyuijer'''....''blink''
|-
| '''uj-'''....''stop'' +&lt;br&gt;'''ij-'''....''start'' || '''uij-'''....''stop-and-start'' || '''uijparpan'''....''stop-and-go traffic''
|-
| '''(a)yeb'''....''in'' +&lt;br&gt;'''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''aoye(b)-'''....''in-and-out'' || '''igaoyeper'''....''run in-and-out''
|-
| '''yub'''....''near'' +&lt;br&gt;'''yib'''....''far'' || '''yui(b)-'''....''near-and-far'' || '''yuipoper'''....''travel near-and-far''
|-
| '''ub'''....''toward'' +&lt;br&gt;'''ib'''....''away'' || '''ui(b)-'''....''toward-and-away'' || '''uipen'''....''coming and going''
|-
| '''hum'''....''there'' +&lt;br&gt;'''him'''....''here'' || '''huim'''....''here-and-there'' || '''huimkexer'''....''search high-and-low (here-and-there)''
|-
| '''hus'''....''that'' +&lt;br&gt;'''his'''....''this'' || '''huis'''....''this-and-that'' || '''huisyexer'''....''do odd jobs, work at this-or-that''
|-
| '''hyut'''....''other person'' +&lt;br&gt;'''hyit'''....''same person'' || '''hyuit'''....''one another'' || '''hyuitifer'''....''love one another'', '''hyuita'''....''mutual, reciprocal''
|}
: Here are some more examples:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ More Hybrids
! Hybrid Word !! English Gloss !! Alternating Components
|-
|'''aogsen'''||'' fluctuation (in size) ''|| '''ag-''' (''big'') + '''og-''' (''little'') + '''s-''' (''become'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''aonada'''||''vertical ''|| '''a-''' (''up/north'') + '''o-''' (''down/south'') + '''nad''' (''line'') + '''-a''' (''adj.'')
|-
|'''aopuys'''||'' hop-on-hop-off ''|| '''a(p)-''' (''on'') + '''o(p)-''' (''off'') + '''puys-''' (''hop'')
|-
|'''buien'''||'' trading, swapping ''|| '''bu-''' (''give'') + '''bi-''' (''trake'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''buip'''||'' traffic ''|| '''bu-''' (''to'') + '''bi-''' (''from'') + '''p-''' (''go'')
|-
|'''buixar'''||''spring''|| '''bux-''' (''push'') + '''bix''' (''pull'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''buixek'''||'' tug-o-war ''|| '''bux-''' (''push'') + '''bix-''' (''pull'') + '''ek''' (''play'')
|-
|'''buixnyem'''||'' drawer ''|| '''bux-''' (''push'') + '''bix-''' (''pull'') + '''nyem''' (''box'')
|-
|'''byaosen'''||'' teetering, stumbling ''|| '''byas-''' (''stand'') + '''byos-''' (''fall'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''diep'''||'' marine force ''|| '''dip''' (''sea force'') + '''dep''' (''land force'')
|-
|'''duid'''||'' q&amp;a, interview ''|| '''dud''' (''answer'') + '''did''' (''question'')
|-
|'''eigpyexer''' || ''batter, whip'' || '''eg-''' (''again'') + '''ig-''' (''fast'') + '''pyexer''' (''to hit'')
|-
|'''gao'''||'' more-or-less ''|| '''ga''' (''more'') + '''go''' (''less'')
|-
|'''glaojo'''||'' sooner or later ''|| '''gla''' (''very'') + '''glo''' (''slightly'') + '''jo''' (''after'')
|-
| '''huimkexer''' || ''search here and there'' || '''hu-''' (''that'') + '''hi-''' (''this'') + '''-m''' (''place'') + '''kex''' (''search'') + '''-er''' (''inf.'')
|-
|'''huis'''||'' this-and-that ''|| '''hu-''' (''that'') + '''hi-''' (''this'') + '''-s''' (''thing'')
|-
|'''hyuit'''||'' one another ''|| '''hyu-''' (''other'') + '''hyi-''' (''same'') + '''-t''' (''person'')
|-
|'''kyaopen'''||'' fluctuation ''|| '''kya-''' (''mobile'') + '''kyo''' (''static'') + '''-pen''' (''going'')
|-
|'''maluier'''||'' breathe ''|| '''mal-''' (''air'') + '''u-''' (''let out'') + '''i-''' (''take in'') '''-er''' (''inf.'')
|-
|'''maojyex'''||'' double-shift work ''|| '''maj''' (''day'') + '''moj''' (''night'') + '''yex''' (''work'')
|-
|'''maonig'''||'' flicker ''|| '''man''' (''light'') + '''mon''' (''dark'') + '''ig-''' (''fast'')
|-
|'''maolza'''||'' black&amp;white/gray ''|| '''malza''' (''white'') + '''molza''' (''black'') 
|-
|'''meil'''||'' mud ''|| '''mel''' (''soil'') + '''mil''' (''water'')
|-
|'''memuiben'''||'' import-exports ''|| '''mem''' (''country'') + '''ub-''' (''send'') + '''ib-''' (''receive'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''mial'''||'' vapor ''|| '''mil''' (''water'') + '''mal''' (''air'')
|-
|'''mieg'''||'' reef ''|| '''mi-''' (''sea'') + '''me-''' (''land'') + '''-g''' (''stone'')
|-
|'''miek'''||'' sand ''|| '''mi-''' (''sea'') + '''me-''' (''land'') + '''-k''' (''rocky substance'')
|-
|'''miem'''||'' swamp ''|| '''mim''' (''sea'') + '''mem''' (''land'')
|-
|'''mimpuin'''||'' dock ''|| '''mim''' (''sea'') + '''pu-''' (''arrive'') + '''pi-''' (''depart'') + '''-m''' (''place'')
|-
|'''mimpyaos'''||'' surf ''|| '''mim''' (''sea'') + '''pyas-''' (''surge'') + '''pyos-''' (''sink'')
|-
|'''mimuip'''||'' tide ''|| '''mim''' (''sea'') + '''up-''' (''come'') + '''ip-''' (''go'')
|-
|'''peit'''||'' amphibian ''|| '''pet''' (''land animal'') + '''pit''' (''sea creature'') 
|-
|'''puim'''||'' kiss-and-ride zone''|| '''pu-''' (''arrive'') + '''pi-''' (''depart'') + '''-m''' (''place'')
|-
|'''puixek'''||'' baseball ''|| '''pux-''' (''pitch'') + '''pix-''' (''catch'') + '''ek''' (''play'')
|-
| '''pyaos''' || ''wave'' || '''pyas-''' (''surge'') + '''pyos-''' (''crest'') 
|-
|'''teabyuij'''||'' blink ''|| '''teab''' (''eye'') + '''yuj-''' (''close'') + '''yij-''' (''open'')
|-
|'''tuijea'''||'' nodding off ''|| '''tuj-''' (''sleep'') + '''tij''' (''wake'') '''-ea''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''uijdal'''||'' stutter ''|| '''uj-''' (''finish'') + '''ij-''' (''start'') + '''dal''' (''speech'')
|-
|'''uipeni'''||'' comings &amp; goings ''|| '''up-''' (''come'') + '''ip''' (''go'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'') + '''-i''' (''pl.'')
|-
|'''uiza'''||'' serpentine, snaky ''|| '''uza''' (''crooked'') + '''iza''' (''straight'')
|-
|'''vao?'''||'' yes or no? ''|| '''va''' (''yes'') + '''vo''' (''no'')
|-
|'''vaod'''||'' decision ''|| '''va''' (''yes'') + '''vo''' (''no'') + '''d-''' (''say'')
|-
|'''yaobar'''||'' elevator ''|| '''yab-''' (''raise'') + '''yob-''' (''lower'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''yaobyuijar'''||''piston''|| '''yab-''' (''raise'') + '''yob-''' (''lower'') + '''yuj-''' (''close'') + '''yij-''' (''open '') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''yaoplas'''||''oscillation''|| '''yap-''' (''up'') + '''yop-''' (''down'') + '''plas''' (''shake'')
|-
|'''yaopsim'''||''seesaw''|| '''yap-''' (''ascend'') + '''yop-''' (''descend'') + '''sim''' (''seat'')
|-
|'''yaopus'''||''bounce''|| ya(''b'')'''-''' (''up'') + yo(''b'')'''-''' (''down'') + '''pus''' (''jump'')
|-
|'''yaovdut'''||''juror''|| '''yav-''' (''innocent'') + '''yov-''' (''guilty'') + '''d-''' (''say'') + '''-ut''' (''agent'')
|-
|'''yaoza'''||''uneven, bumpy, serrated''|| '''yaza''' (''convex'') + '''yoza''' (''concave'')
|-
|'''yaozgoblar'''||''saw''|| '''yaz''' (''protrusion '') + '''yoz''' (''indentation'') + '''gobl-''' (''cut'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''yaozil'''||''wave''|| '''yaz''' (''swell'') + '''yoz''' (''trough'') + '''-il''' (''liquid'')
|-
|'''yuibteabar'''||''bifocals''|| '''yub''' (''near'') + '''yib''' (''far'') + '''teab''' (''eye'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''yuijar'''||'' valve, switch''|| '''yuj-''' (''close'') + '''yij-''' (''open'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''zaobelur'''||''ferry''|| '''za-''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''bel-''' (''carry'') + '''-ur''' (''vehicle'')
|-
|'''zaobyexar'''||''swatter, bat''|| '''za''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''byex-''' (''strike'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''zaodal'''||''dialog''|| '''za-''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''dal''' (''speech'')
|-
|'''zaogoblar'''||''saw''|| '''za''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''gobl''' (''cut'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''zaokyax'''||''alternation''|| '''za''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''kyax''' (''change'')
|-
|'''zaopasen'''||''swinging''|| '''za-''' (''forth'') + '''zo-''' (''back'') + '''pasen''' (''moving'')
|-
|'''zaopsim'''||''swing or rocker''|| '''zap-''' (''go forth'') + '''zap''' (''go back'') + '''sim''' (''seat'')
|-
|'''zuibasen'''||''wiggling''|| '''zu-''' (''left'') + '''zi-''' (''right'') + '''bas-''' (''move bodily'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''zuibayx'''||''wag''|| '''zu-''' (''left'') + '''zi-''' (''right'') + '''bayx-''' (''slight body move'')
|-
|'''zuibyoxea'''||''dangling''|| '''zu''' (''left'') + '''zi''' (''right'') + '''byox-''' (''hang down'') + '''-ea''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''zuiyafa'''||''ambidextrous''|| '''zu-''' (''left'') + '''zi-''' (''right'') + '''yafa''' (''capable'')
|-
|'''zyaobas'''||''throb''|| '''zya-''' (''wide'') + '''zyo-''' (''narrow'') + '''bas''' (''bodily movement'')
|}


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Acronyms and Abbreviations|Word Families}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <id>4641732</id>
      <parentid>4641731</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T17:56:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Tyoyafud</username>
        <id>6233</id>
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      <comment>/* Derived Word Formation Rules */</comment>
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      <text bytes="313959" sha1="qarnikkf5jzppvo1nhwvju4ko3irdzq" xml:space="preserve">{{TOC right|limit=3}}
==  Introduction ==
: In order to facilitate word-building and to maximize comprehension and decipherability of words, certain meanings and functions have been attached to consonants and vowels.
 
: The vocabulary of Mirad is composed of '''''base words''''' and '''''derived words'''''.
: The vocabulary is built on '''''base words''''', that is, indivisible, building-block words. The choice of the root of these words (formed generally from two or three letters) is determined by:

::* The meaning of each letter of the word.
::* The importance of the group of ideas that this word evokes in its proper sense and in the sense that is directly opposite it, eg.: ''fixed'' vs. ''variable''.
::* How frequently the word and its derivations are used in the language.
::* The geometric system of vocabulary construction (see a later section on what this is all about).
::* The logic of its composition.
::* The mnemonic associations this word suggests.

: The words derived from base words in turn follow very simple laws called '''''vocabulary-building rules''''', which are spelled out below.

== Base Words ==
: '''''Base words''''' are elements of vocabulary that cannot be broken down any further and which serve as the basis for many derived words in the language.  Base words are divided into two groups:

::* Group 1:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;consisting of '''''nouns'''''
::* Group 2:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;consisting of  '''''prepositions, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, determiners, and verbs'''''.

== Base words of Group 1 ==

: Base words of Group 1 (nouns) are composed of three letters:

:::* The first, a consonant called the '''''classifier'''''
:::* The second, a vowel called the '''''ordinal'''''
:::* The third, a consonant called the '''''generic'''''

These words can be thought of as noun templates.

:: Examples:


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-let:3.2em&quot;
|+ Base Word Composition
|-
! Classifier !! Ordinal !! Generic !! Meaning
|-
| '''t''' || '''o''' || '''b''' || ''man''
|-
| '''d''' || '''o''' || '''t''' || ''society''
|-
| '''p''' || '''o''' || '''t''' || ''animal''
|-
| '''f''' || '''o''' || '''b''' || ''plant''
|}

== Base words of Group 2 ==
: Base words of Group 2 (everything but nouns) are composed of one or two letters, not including grammatical endings.  If one letter, it is a consonant or sometimes a vowel(*).  If two letters, they  consist of a consonant + vowel combination or a vowel + consonant combination.  Here are some examples (the hyphen at the end means that the base word does not stand alone, but is followed in usage by a grammatical ending such as '''-er''' (verb infinitive marker) or '''-a''' (adjective marker):

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-let:3.2em&quot;
|+ Some Examples of Group 2 Base Words
| '''b-'''....''put'' || '''p-'''....''go''
|-
| '''s-'''....''be'' || '''x-'''....''do''
|-
| '''d-'''....''say'' || '''t-'''....''know''
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''ob'''....''off''
|-
|'''bu'''....''to'' || '''bi'''....''from''
|-
|'''if-'''....''love'' || '''uf-'''....''hate''
|-
|'''fi-'''....''good'' || '''fu-'''....''bad''
|-
|'''va'''....''yes''  || '''vo'''....''no''
|-
|'''vya-'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''true'' || '''vyo-'''....''false''
|- 
| '''a'''....''one'' || '''o'''....''zero''
|}

: *&lt;small&gt; As mentioned above, &quot;vowel&quot; in this case may include glided vowels, i.e. those preceded and/or followed by one of the glides '''y''' or '''w'''.  So, for purposes here, '''ya''', '''ye''', '''yi''', '''yo''', '''yu''', '''wa''', and other pre- and post-glided vowels, are considered &quot;glided vowels&quot;.&lt;/small&gt;

== Consonants and Their Meanings ==
: The classifier (initial letter) and generic (final letter) in group 1 base words (nouns) are consonants.  Also, group 2 base words almost always have one consonant.  So, you need to be familiar with the general meaning of the consonants in the Mirad alphabet, as shown in the following chart:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-let:3.2em&quot;
|+ Consonants and Their Meanings
|-
! Consonant !! Group 1 Classifier !! Group 1 Generic !!  Group 2 Classifier !! In Numbers
|-
| '''b''' || organ, health || organism || gesture, position ||
|-
| '''d''' || society || family || communicating || 
|-
| '''f''' || vegetation || textile, clothing || volition, attributes || 
|-
| '''g''' || -- || measurement || quantity, attributes || 
|-
| '''j''' || time || time || time || 
|-
| '''k''' ||  -- || health || change, risk, attributes || 
|-
| '''l''' ||  -- || element, food, liquid, nature || -- || '''l''' = ten
|-
| '''m''' || nature || place, building, furniture || temperature, light || '''ml''' = million&lt;br&gt;'''mr''' = billion
|-
| '''n''' || commerce || -- || -- ||
|-
| '''p''' || animal, vehicle || motion  || movement || 
|-
| '''r''' || -- || tool, machine, cosmos  || -- || '''r''' = thousand
|-
| '''s''' || form, image, furniture || thing  || being, form, thing || '''s''' = hundred
|-
| '''t''' || human, body || person, animal || intelligence, knowing || 
|-
| '''v''' || plant, color || linen || truth, attributes ||
|-
| '''x''' || action || --  || action, doing, making ||
|-
| '''z''' || -- || precious, art || spatial, attributes || 
|}
: The following consonants functions rather than, or in addition to, semantic values:

::* '''l''' and '''r''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  Liquids used after vowels to intensify the semantics of a word, eg.: '''baer'''....''to lean'', '''baler'''....''to press'', '''barer'''....''to crush'';
::* '''y''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Glide used 1) before a stem vowel to intensify the semantics of a word, eg. '''voa'''....''negative'' -&gt; '''vyoa'''....''false'', or 2) after a vowel to de-intensify the semantics of a word, eg. '''ama'''....''hot'' -&gt; '''ayma'''....''warm''.
::* '''h''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Used functionally only in certain interjections like '''hoy'''....''goodbye'' and determiners like '''his'''....''this'', and has no semantic value.
::* '''w''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  Has no semantic value of its own, but is used only 1) to form the masculine gender of nouns and pronouns, eg. '''tob'''....''person'' -&gt; '''twob'''....''man'', or 2) to form the passive voice of verbs, eg. '''uber'''....''to send'' -&gt; '''ubwer'''....''to be sent'', or 3) to form a numerical unit marker, eg. '''awa'''....''one'', or 4) sometimes to substitute for '''y''' when this letter would cause ambiguity or difficulty in pronunciation with other consonants eg. '''jwo'''....''late'', instead of '''jyo'''. 
::* '''n''':&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;  In addition to its semantic values, functions often 1) as a buffer letter, as in '''ana'''....''only'', or 2) as a suffix to derive a nominal abstraction from an adjective, such as '''fian'''....''goodness'' from '''fia'''....''good'', or from a verb, such '''axnen'''....''behaving'' from '''axner'''....''to behave''.

== Vowels and Their Meanings ==
: Ordinal vowels in Mirad have meanings or values of the following types:
::* meronymic
::* hierarchical
::* geo-specific
::* oppositional/polar
::* vectorial
::* directional and positional
::* special

=== Ordinal Vowel Values ===
:: The numerical value of ordinal vowels is shown in the chart below.  The vowels beginning with '''y''' are considered pre-y-glided vowels.  These numeric values serve as the &quot;ordinal vowel&quot; in scaled base words.  See the section on [[Mirad Grammar/Phonology and Orthography#Vowels|Vowels]].

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-let:3.2em&quot;
|+ Numeric Values of Vowels
|-
! Ordinal Vowel !! '''o''' !! '''a''' !! '''e''' !! '''i''' !! '''u''' !! '''yo''' !! '''ya''' !! '''ye''' !! '''yi''' !! '''yu'''
|-
!row=1| Cardinal Number 
| 0 || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || 7 || 8 || 9 
|}

=== Meronymic Vowel Gradation ===
:: Ordinal vowels can be used as the stem vowel in Group 1 base words to form a '''''{{color|blue|meronymic}}''''' series.  (This gradation can also be called '''''taxonomic'''''.  The top element, or hypernym, has zero ('''o''') as its defining vowel.  The others are hyponyms or meronyms (= parts of the whole), and have incrementally higher numbers of their ordinal vowel. '''T&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;b''' (''body'') is the first meronym of '''t&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;b''' (''human being''), the hypernym or zeroth element.

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-let:3.2em&quot;
|+ Meronymic Series
|-
!colspan=1| Rank
!colspan=7| Meronymic or Taxonomic
|-
! 0
| '''tob'''....''human'' || '''fob'''....''plant'' || '''vob'''....''crop''|| '''mos'''....''floor''||'''som'''....''furniture''||'''tom'''....''building''||'''job'''....''time''
|-
! 1
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''fab'''....''tree'' || '''vab'''....''grass''|| '''mas'''....''wall''||'''sam'''....''chest of drawers''||'''tam'''....''house''||'''jab'''....''year''
|-
! 2
| '''teb'''....''head'' || '''feb'''....''fruit'' || '''veb'''....''tuft''|| '''mes'''....''door''||'''sem'''....''table''||'''tem'''....''hall''||'''jeb'''....''season''
|-
! 3
| '''tib'''....''trunk'' || '''fib'''....''trunk'' || '''vib'''....''stalk''|| '''mis'''....''window''||'''sim'''....''chair''||'''tim'''....''room''||'''jib'''....''month''
|-
! 4
| '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''fub'''....''branch'' || '''vub'''....''shoot''||'''mus'''....''stairs''||'''sum'''....''bed''||'''tum'''....''closet''||'''jub'''....''day''
|-
! 5
| '''tyob'''....''leg'' || '''fyob'''....''root'' || '''vyob'''....''tuber''|| || || ||'''jwob'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''hour''
|-
! 6
| || || || || || ||'''jwab'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''minute''
|-
! 7
| || || || || || ||'''jweb'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''second''
|}
* The letter '''w''' replaces the letter '''y''' following a '''j''', for ease of pronunciation.
: The words that descend from the base word are called '''''meronyms'''''.  A hypernym is a word that is higher in scale.

=== Hierarchical Vowel Gradation ===
:: Ordinal vowels can be used as the stem vowel in Group 1 base words to form a '''''{{color|blue|hierarchical}}''''' series where the top element has zero ('''o''') as its defining vowel.  The others are subordinate elements and have incrementally higher numbers that define a descending series related to that top element.
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Hierarchical Vowel Gradation
|-
!colspan=1| Rank
!colspan=4| Hierarchy
|-
! 0
| '''dob'''....''state'' || '''dot'''....''society'' || '''tod'''....''family''||'''xob'''....''organization''
|-
! 1
| '''dab'''....''government'' || '''dat'''....''friend'' || '''tad'''....''spouse''||'''xab'''....''staff''
|-
! 2
| '''deb'''....''leader'' || '''det'''....''associate'' || '''ted'''....''parent''||'''xeb'''....''boss''
|-
! 3
| '''dib'''....''ministry'' || '''dit'''....''citizen'' ||'''tid'''....''sibling''||'''xib'''....''department''
|-
! 4
| '''dub'''....''minister'' || '''dut'''....''gentleman'' || '''tud'''....''child''||'''xub'''....''branch''
|}

=== Geo-specific Vowel Gradation ===
: Ordinals can have '''''{{color|blue|geo-specific}}''''' values, that is values, related to the sky, land, sea, outer space, and underground.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Geo-specific Vowel Values
|-
! Ordinal
! Geo-sphere 
! colspan=7| Examples
|-
| align=center | '''o''' || ''outer space, top level'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''orbit'' || '''mom'''....''outer space''|| '''mol'''....''nature''||'''dop'''....''military''||'''pop'''....''voyage''||'''mol'''....''nature''||'''pot'''....''wild animal''
|-
| align=center | '''a''' || ''air, gas, sky'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''wind'' || '''mam'''....''sky'' ||'''mal'''....''air''||'''dap'''....''air force''||'''pap'''....''flight''||'''mal'''....''wind''||'''pat'''....''bird''
|-
| align=center | '''e''' || ''ground, soil, solid'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''road'' || '''mem'''....''land''|| '''mel'''....''soil''||'''dep'''....''army''||'''pep'''....''ride''||'''mel'''....''soil''||'''pet'''....''domestic land animal''
|-
| align=center |  '''i''' || ''liquid'', ''water'', ''sea'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''river'' || '''mim'''....''sea''|| '''mil'''....''water''||'''dip'''....''marines''|| '''pip'''....''navigation/sail''||'''mil'''....''water''||'''pit'''....''fish''
|-
| align=center | '''u''' || ''underground'', ''mineral'', ''substance'' || '''m&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;p'''....''tunnel''|| '''mum'''....''underground''  || '''mul'''....''mineral''|| ||'''pup'''....''tunneling''||'''mul'''....''matter''||
|}

=== Spectral Ordinal Vowel Gradation ===
: The basic color terms use the natural order of the spectrum to determine the ordinal vowels:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Spectral Ordinal Vowel Gradation
|-
!  Order || Mirad !! English
|-
| 0 || '''olza'''&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; || ''blank, of no color''
|-
| 1 || '''alza''' || ''red''
|-
| 2 || '''elza''' || ''orange''
|-
| 3 || '''ilza''' || ''yellow''
|-
| 4 || '''ulza''' || ''green''
|-
| 5 || '''yolza''' || ''blue''
|-
| 6 || '''yalza''' || ''purple''
|-
| 7 || '''yelza''' || ''indigo''
|}
{{small/top}}
: 1) In the natural spectrum, there really is no 0th order.
{{small/end}}
: The colors black and white are:
:* '''malza'''....''white''
:* '''molza'''....''black''

: Some colors are hybrids of two colors:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Hybrid Colors
|-
!  Mirad !! English
|-
|  '''aolza''' || ''pink'' (a blend of ''blank'' and ''red'')
|-
|  '''youlza''' || ''blue-green''
|-
| '''maolza''' || ''gray'' (a blend of ''black'' and ''white'')
|}
: The word for ''brown'' is based on the word for ''soil'':
:* '''melza'''....''brown'' (&lt; '''mel'''....''soil'')

: Two other colors are based on metals:
:* '''agelkza'''....''silver'' (based on '''agelk'''....''silver metal''
:* '''aulkza'''....''gold'' (based on '''aulk'''....''gold metal''

=== Oppositional (or Polar) Vowel Values ===
: In Group 2 stems:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Oppositional Vowel Values
|-
| '''a'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ya''' || intermediate  || '''i'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yi'''
|-
| &lt;big&gt;⇑&lt;/big&gt; positive&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;⇓&lt;/big&gt;negative || '''e'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ye''' || &lt;big&gt;⇑&lt;/big&gt; positive&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;⇓&lt;/big&gt;negative
|-
| '''o'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yo''' || value || '''u'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;big&gt;⇔&lt;/big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yu'''
|}
::* positive '''a''' contrasts with negative '''o'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''av'''....''for'' vs. '''ov'''....''against'')
::* positive '''ya''' contrasts with negative '''yo'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''yava'''....''innocent'' vs. '''yova'''....''guilty'')
::* positive '''i''' contrasts with negative '''u'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''fia'''....''good'' vs. '''fua'''....''bad'')
::* positive '''yi''' contrasts with negative '''yu'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''yiva'''....''free'' vs. '''yuva'''....''bound'')
::* '''e''' and '''ye''' are in-between values&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ('''eva'''....''neutral'', '''yeva'''....''fair'')

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Group 1 Oppositional Vowel Gradation
|-
! positive  !! intermediate  !! negative 
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''ega'''....''normal'' || '''oga'''....''small''
|-
| '''yava'''....''innocent''  || '''yeva'''....''just''|| '''yova'''....''guilty''
|-
| '''ava'''....''for'' || '''eva'''....''neutral'' || '''ova'''....''against''
|-
| '''aker'''....''to win'' || '''eker'''....''to risk'' || '''oker'''....''to lose''
|-
| '''yak'''....''expectation'' || '''yek'''....''attempt'' || '''yok'''....''surprise''
|-
| '''fia'''....''good'' || || '''fua'''....''bad''
|-
| '''ifer'''....''love'' || || '''ufer'''....''hate''
|- 
| '''yifa'''....''brave'' || || '''yufa'''....''afraid''
|}
: Some Group 1 base words have ordinal vowel stems that exhibit '''''oppositional''''' values:
: The Group 1 base word '''bok''' (''illness'') is a good example:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-let:3.2em&quot;
|+ Group 1 base word with oppositional values
|-
! Positive !! Intermediate !! Negative
|- valign=top
|'''bak'''....''health''||'''bek'''....''treatment''||'''bok'''....''illness''
|-
|'''byak'''....''hygiene''||'''byek'''....''cure''||'''byok'''....''pain''&lt;br&gt;'''byoyk'''....''ache''&lt;br&gt;'''blok'''....''suffering''&lt;br&gt;'''brok'''....''agony''
|-
|'''baak'''....''sanitation''|| ||'''book'''....''fatigue''
|-
|'''bik'''....''care''|| ||'''buk'''....''wound''&lt;br&gt;'''buyk'''....''sore''
|}

=== Vectorial Vowel Values ===
: These ordinal vowels have to do with directions, up, down, south, left, etc.

{{big/top}}&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
::::::'''a'''
::::::↑
::::'''u'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;←&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''e'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;→&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''i'''
::::::↓
::::::'''o'''
{{big/end}}

:::'''a'''....''on, above, north'' ('''ab'''....''on'', '''zamer'''....''north'')
:::'''e'''....''center, middle, equator'' ('''eb'''....''between'', '''ze'''....''center'')
:::'''o'''....''off, below, south'' ('''ob'''....''off'', '''zomer'''....''south'')
:::'''i'''....''right, east'' ('''zi'''....''right'', '''zimer'''....''east'')
:::'''u'''....''left, west'' ('''zu'''....''left'', '''zumer'''....''west'')

=== Directional and Positional Vowel Values ===
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;  margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Directional and Positional Vowel Values
|-
| colspan=8 align=center | '''A'''
|-
| rowspan=6 align=center | '''U''' ||  || '''a'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt; || &lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' || &lt;big&gt;↑&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;''' ||'''ya'''&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; ||  || rowspan=6 align=center | '''I''' 
|-
| '''u''' → || || '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;'''||'''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;''' || || → '''i'''
|-
| → '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;''' || ||'''e''' ||'''ye''' || || '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' →
|-
| → '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;''' || || colspan=2 align=center| '''E'''  || || '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;''' →
|-
| '''yu''' → || || || || || → '''yi'''
|-
|  || &lt;big&gt;↑&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''o''' || '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; || '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt; || &lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''yo''' || 
|-
| colspan=8 align=center| '''O'''
|}

:: Explanation of the above chart:

:::* If the vowel is capitalized, it indicates a '''''positional''''' value. It is used in its lowercase spelling as a prefix in Group I words.
:::* The non-capitalized vowels (including y-glides) indicate '''''directional''''' values.
:::* If the vowel is underlined, it means that it is placed '''''before''''' the classifier consonant (prefixed) in verbs
:::* Otherwise, a normal vowel means that it is placed '''''after''''' the classifier consonant (infixed) in Group 2 words.  

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Explanation of the Vowel Meanings Chart
|-
| '''A''' || position || || on, above, north || '''z&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;mer'''....''north''
|-
| '''a''' || movement || (free) || ''on'' || '''b&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''lean''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''onto''||'''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;ber'''....''put on''
|-
| '''ya''' || movement || (free) || ''up, ascend''|| '''b&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''lift''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''up, get up, set up''|| '''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;ber'''....''raise''
|-
| '''O''' || position || || under, lower, south|| '''z&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;mer'''....''south''
|-
| '''yo''' || movement || (free) || ''off''|| '''b&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''hang''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''on the bottom of, underneath''|| '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''get off''
|-
| '''yo''' || movement || (free) || ''down''|| '''p&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;ser'''....''fall''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''fall''|| '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''rise''
|-
| '''U''' || position || || left, west|| '''z&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;mer'''....''west''
|-
| '''u''' || movement || (free) || ''move toward the center, come''|| '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;ber'''....''send''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''reach the center, arrive''|| '''p&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''reach''
|-
| '''yu''' || movement || (free) || ''near, approach''|| '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;ber'''....''approach''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''near, reach''|| '''b&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;ser'''....''touch''
|-
| '''I''' || position || || right, east|| '''z''i''mer'''....''east''
|-
| '''i''' || movement || (free) || ''from the center out, go away''|| '''p&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''go away''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''from the center out, leave''|| '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''leave''
|-
| '''yi''' || movement || (free) || ''away, go far''|| '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''go far''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''from afar, originate''|| '''p&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;ser'''....''originate''
|-
| '''E''' || position || || center, equator|| '''z&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;mer'''....''equator''
|-
| '''e''' || rest ||  || ''between''|| '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;b'''....''between''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;''' || rest ||  || ''at, stay, hold''|| '''b&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;xer'''....''hold''
|-
| '''ye''' || movement ||  || ''in, into, enter''|| '''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;per'''....''enter''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;''' ||  ||(contact)  || ''contain''|| '''b&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''contain''
|}

=== Special value of certain letters ===

: The prefixes '''a-''' or '''an-''' meaning ''one, sole, singular''.
::* '''aot'''....''person''
::* '''anot'''....''individual''

: Also, the prefix '''yan-''' meaning ''together'' contrasts with '''yon-'''....''apart''.
::* '''yanber'''....''to compose''
::* '''yonber'''....''to separate''

: The letter '''y''' is prefixed to the vowels of personal pronouns to make them plural:
::* '''at'''....''I, me'' as opposed to '''yat'''....''we, us''
::* '''et'''....''you'' as opposed to '''yet'''....''you (pl.), you all''
::* '''it'''....''he, she, him, her'' as opposed to '''yit'''....''they, them''
::* '''is'''....''it'' as opposed to '''yis'''....''they, them''

: The letter '''y''' is post-fixed to vowels to change the gender to specifically feminine:
::* '''it'''....''he, she, him, her'' as opposed to '''iyt'''....''she, her''
::* '''tob'''....''person, human being'' as opposed to '''toyb'''....''woman''

: The letter '''w''' is prefixed to vowels to change the gender to specifically masculine:
::* '''it'''....''he, she, him, her'' as opposed to '''wit'''....''he, him''
::* '''tob'''....''person, human being'' as opposed to '''twob'''....''man''

=== The Meaning of Group 1 Base Words ===
:: The meaning of the base words of Group 1 comes from the combination of the values of the classifier (initial) and the generic (final) consonants.  
:: The ordinal vowel of those Group 1 base words has a 1) scalar/hierachical, 2) geo-spatial, 3) oppositional, 4) vectorial/positional, or 5) mnemonic values.
:: The following table shows some Group 1 bases words, the meaning of their consonants, and the type of ordinal vowel scalarity:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Group 1 Zeroth-level Scalar Base Words and Meanings of the Consonants
|-
! Base Word !! Classifier Consonant !! Generic Consonant !! Scalarity Type
|-
| '''tob'''....''person'' || '''t''' = ''human'' || '''b''' = ''organism'' || meronymic
|-
| '''tof'''....''clothing'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''f''' = ''fabric'' || meronymic
|-
| '''tod'''....''family'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''d''' = ''society'' || meronymic
|-
| '''tom'''....''building'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''m''' = ''place'' || meronymic
|-
| '''tov'''....''lingerie'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''v''' = ''linen'' || meronymic
|-
| '''tol'''....''nourishment'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''l''' = ''food'' || oppositional
|-
| '''top'''....''soul, spirit'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''motion'' || meronymic
|-
| '''dob'''....''state'' || '''d''' = ''society'' || '''b''' = ''organism''||hierarchical
|-
| '''dop'''....''military'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''movement'' || geo-specific
|-
| '''dot'''....''society'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''t''' = ''human''|| hierarchical
|-
| '''dom'''....''city''  || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''m''' = ''place''|| geo-specific
|-
| '''job'''....''time'' || '''j''' = ''time'' || '''b'''....''organism''|| hierarchical
|-
| '''fob'''....''vegetation'' || '''f''' = ''vegetable'' || '''b''' = ''organism''|| meronymic
|-
| '''vob'''....''crop'' || '''v''' = ''plant'' || '''b''' = ''organism''|| meronymic
|-
| '''vos'''....''flower'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''s''' = ''thing''|| meronymic
|-
| '''volz'''....''color'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''lz''' = ''color, art''|| spectral
|- 
| '''som'''....''furniture'' || '''s''' = ''thing'' || '''m''' = ''place''|| meronymic
|-
| '''mos'''....''floor'' || '''m''' = ''place, nature'' || '''s''' = ''thing''|| meronymic
|-
| '''mor'''....''universe'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''r''' = ''machine, system''|| geo-specific
|-
| '''mom'''....''outer space'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''m''' = ''place''|| geo-specific
|-
| '''mol'''....''nature'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''l''' = ''substance''|| geo-specific
|-
| '''mop'''....''orbit'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''movement''|| geo-specific
|-
| '''pot'''....''animal'' || '''p''' = ''movement'' || '''t''' = ''human, animal''|| geo-specific
|-
| '''bok'''....''illness'' || '''b''' = ''organ'' || '''k''' = ''condition''|| oppositional
|-
| '''nom'''....''place'' || '''n''' = ''commercial'' || '''m''' = ''place''|| special
|-
| '''nog'''....''degree'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''g''' = ''measurement''|| special
|-
| '''nof'''....''cloth'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''f''' = ''cloth''|| special
|-
| '''nov'''....''linen'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''v''' = ''linen''|| special
|-
| '''nod'''....''point'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''d''' = ''communication''|| special
|-
| '''xob'''....''organization'' || '''x''' = ''action'' || '''b''' = ''organism''|| hierarchical
|}
==== Special Arrangement ====

: Other Group 1 nouns, listed in the chart below, have an ordinal vowel which is not so much geo-specific or hierarchical per se, but rather special in some fashion.  The consonants, especially the classifier consonant, have meanings like those in the above chart.
{| border=0 {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller; margin-left:3.2em&quot;
|+ Other Group 1 Base Words
|- valign=top
   |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;  
|-
! d- &lt;br&gt;communication
|-
| '''daz'''&lt;br&gt;''dance''
|-
| '''dyaz'''&lt;br&gt;''ballet''
|-
| '''dyez'''&lt;br&gt;''cinema''
|-
| '''drez'''&lt;br&gt;''poetry'' 
|-
| '''dez'''&lt;br&gt;''theater''
|-
| '''diz'''&lt;br&gt;''comedy''
|-
| '''din'''&lt;br&gt;''story'' 
|-
| '''dun'''&lt;br&gt;''word''
|-
| '''duz'''&lt;br&gt;''music''
|-
| '''dyun'''&lt;br&gt;''name''
|-
| '''dyan'''&lt;br&gt;''sentence''
|-
| '''dyes'''&lt;br&gt;''book''
|-
| '''deup'''&lt;br&gt;''rhythm''
|}
   |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;  style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! dr- &lt;br&gt;write
|-
| '''drof'''&lt;br&gt;''board''
|-
| '''draf'''&lt;br&gt;''card''
|-
| '''dref'''&lt;br&gt;''paper''
|-
| '''drov'''&lt;br&gt;''cardboard''
|-
| '''drav'''&lt;br&gt;''notebook''
|-
| '''drev'''&lt;br&gt;''page''
|-
| '''drez'''&lt;br&gt;''poetry''
|-
| '''drar'''&lt;br&gt;''pencil''
|-
| '''drir'''&lt;br&gt;''typewriter''
|-
| '''drur'''&lt;br&gt;''printer''
|}
    |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;  style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! m- &lt;br&gt;nature
|-
| '''mag'''&lt;br&gt;''fire''
|-
| '''mak'''&lt;br&gt;''electricity'' 
|-
| '''mog'''&lt;br&gt;''ash'' 
|-
| '''meg'''&lt;br&gt;''stone''
|-
| '''mef'''&lt;br&gt;''brick''
|-
| '''mug'''&lt;br&gt;''metal''
|-
| '''muk'''&lt;br&gt;''mineral''
|-
| '''mez'''&lt;br&gt;''crystal''
|-
| '''mek'''&lt;br&gt;''dust''
|-
| '''myek'''&lt;br&gt;''powder''
|-
| '''mav'''&lt;br&gt;''flame'' 
|-
| '''mov'''&lt;br&gt;''smoke'' 
|-
| '''maf'''&lt;br&gt;''cloud'' 
|-
| '''maj'''&lt;br&gt;''daytime'' 
|-
| '''moj'''&lt;br&gt;''night'' 
|-
| '''man'''&lt;br&gt;''light'' 
|-
| '''maz'''&lt;br&gt;''shine''
|-
| '''mon'''&lt;br&gt;''shade'' 
|-
| '''moz'''&lt;br&gt;''dark''
|}
   |
{|  class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! n- &lt;br&gt;commerce
|-
| '''naz'''&lt;br&gt;''value'' 
|-
| '''nas'''&lt;br&gt;''money'' 
|-
| '''nax'''&lt;br&gt;''price''
|-
| '''nyaz'''&lt;br&gt;''wealth''
|-
| '''nyan'''&lt;br&gt;''stack'' 
|-
| '''nox'''&lt;br&gt;''expense''
|-
| '''nyox'''&lt;br&gt;''waste''
|-
| '''nex'''&lt;br&gt;''saving'' 
|-
| '''nyex'''&lt;br&gt;''storing'' 
|-
| '''nix'''&lt;br&gt;''earning'' 
|-
| '''nyix'''&lt;br&gt;''order'' 
|-
| '''nux'''&lt;br&gt;''pay''
|-
| '''nyux'''&lt;br&gt;''supply''
|-
| '''nun'''&lt;br&gt;''merchandise''
|-
| '''nyun'''&lt;br&gt;''product''
|-
| '''nuz'''&lt;br&gt;''jewel''
|-
| '''nem'''&lt;br&gt;''location''
|-
| '''nyem'''&lt;br&gt;''place''
|-
| '''nyeb'''&lt;br&gt;''box''
|-
| '''nab'''&lt;br&gt;''row''
|-
| '''nap'''&lt;br&gt;''order''
|-
| '''nad'''&lt;br&gt;''line''
|-
| '''nod'''&lt;br&gt;''point''
|-
| '''ned'''&lt;br&gt;''plane''
|-
| '''nyed'''&lt;br&gt;''grid''
|-
| '''nyad'''&lt;br&gt;''chain''
|-
| '''nid'''&lt;br&gt;''volume''
|-
| '''nag'''&lt;br&gt;''measure''
|-
| '''nak'''&lt;br&gt;''metric value''
|-
| '''nog'''&lt;br&gt;''degree''
|-
| '''nig'''&lt;br&gt;''space''
|}
    |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! j- &lt;br&gt;time
|-
| '''jag'''&lt;br&gt;''age''
|-
| '''jud'''&lt;br&gt;''date''
|-
| '''jod'''&lt;br&gt;''instance''
|-
| '''jop'''&lt;br&gt;''sequence''
|-
| '''jep'''&lt;br&gt;''process''
|-
| '''jwap'''&lt;br&gt;''moment''
|-
| '''jwep'''&lt;br&gt;''instant''
|}
   |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! s- &lt;br&gt;thing
|-
| '''sag'''&lt;br&gt;''number''
|-
| '''saz'''&lt;br&gt;''sculpture''
|-
| '''san'''&lt;br&gt;''form''
|-
| '''saun'''&lt;br&gt;''kind''
|-
| '''son'''&lt;br&gt;''matter (abstract)'' 
|-
| '''sin'''&lt;br&gt;''image'' 
|-
| '''siz'''&lt;br&gt;''painting''
|-
| '''sun'''&lt;br&gt;''thing (concrete)''
|-
| '''syan'''&lt;br&gt;''class''
|-
| '''syen'''&lt;br&gt;''style''
|-
| '''syin'''&lt;br&gt;''subject'' 
|-
| '''syun'''&lt;br&gt;''object''
|-
| '''sar'''&lt;br&gt;''instrument''
|-
| '''sir'''&lt;br&gt;''machine'' 
|-
| '''sor'''&lt;br&gt;''engine''
|-
| '''sur'''&lt;br&gt;''motor''
|}
   |
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow&quot;
|-
! t- &lt;br&gt;human / knowledge
|-
| '''taz'''&lt;br&gt;''statue'' 
|-
| '''tap'''&lt;br&gt;''physique''
|-
| '''tep'''&lt;br&gt;''mind''
|-
| '''top'''&lt;br&gt;''spirit''
|-
| '''tuz'''&lt;br&gt;''art'' 
|-
| '''toz'''&lt;br&gt;''skin color''
|-
| '''tez'''&lt;br&gt;''culture''
|-
| '''tyez'''&lt;br&gt;''magic''
|-
| '''tin'''&lt;br&gt;''doctrine''
|-
| '''tun'''&lt;br&gt;''science''
|-
| '''tyan'''&lt;br&gt;''class''
|-
| '''tyen'''&lt;br&gt;''skill'' 
|-
| '''tyun'''&lt;br&gt;''idea''
|-
| '''tos'''&lt;br&gt;''sensation''
|-
| '''tes'''&lt;br&gt;''meaning''
|-
| '''tot'''&lt;br&gt;''god''
|-
| '''tat'''&lt;br&gt;''angel''
|}
|}

=== The Meaning of Group 2 Base Words ===
:: The meaning of Group 2 base word stems comes from the combination of the values of the classifier consonant and the ordinal (stem) vowel. The stem does not include adjectival ('''-a'''), adverbial ('''-ay'''), and verbal inflections ('''-er''', '''-ser''', '''-xer''', etc.), which are shown in a smaller typeface after the stem.

:: The ordinal (stem vowel) holds oppositional values like positive, intermediary, and negative.

:: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Stems of Group 2 Base Words
|-
! Classifier Consonant !! Positive !! Intermediate !! Negative !! Positive !! Negative
|-
! rowspan=4|'''j''' &lt;br&gt;(''time'')
| '''ja'''&lt;br&gt;''before'' || '''je'''&lt;br&gt;''during'' || '''jo'''&lt;br&gt;''after''||'''ji'''&lt;br&gt;''since'' || '''ju'''&lt;br&gt;''until''
|-
| '''aj'''&lt;br&gt;''past'' || '''ej'''&lt;br&gt;''present'' || '''oj'''&lt;br&gt;''future'' || '''ij&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''beginning/begin'' || '''uj/&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''end/end''
|-
| '''taj&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''birth/to be born'' || '''tej&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''life/to live'' || '''toj&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''death/to die'' || '''tij&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''awake state/to be awake'' || '''tuj&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''sleep/to sleep''
|-
| '''jwa'''&lt;br&gt;''early'' || '''jwe'''&lt;br&gt;''on time'' || '''jwo'''&lt;br&gt;''late'' || '''yij&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''opening/open'' || '''yuj&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''closing/closed''
|-
!rowspan=4| '''g'''&lt;br&gt;(''measurement'') 
| '''ga'''&lt;br&gt;''more'' || '''ge'''&lt;br&gt;''equal'' || '''go'''&lt;br&gt;''less''|| '''gi'''&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''point'' || '''gu'''&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''angle''
|-
| '''ag'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''big'' || '''eg&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''normal'' || '''og'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''small'' || '''ig'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fast'' || '''ug'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''slow''
|-
| '''yag'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''long'' || '''yeg'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''normal'' || '''yog'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''short'' || '''yig'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''hard'' || '''yug'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''soft''
|-
| '''gya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''thick'' || '''gye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''enough'' || '''gyo-'''&lt;br&gt;''thin'' || '''gyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''solid'' || '''gyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fragile''
|-
!rowspan=4| '''k'''&lt;br&gt;(''randomness'')
| '''ka'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''find'' || '''ke'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''seek'' || '''ko'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''hide'' || '''ki'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''oblique''|| '''ku'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''lateral''
|-
| '''ak'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''win'' || '''ek'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''play'' || '''ok'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''lose'' || '''ik'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''full'' || '''uk'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''empty''
|-
| '''yak'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''expect'' || '''yek'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''try'' || '''yok'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''suprise'' || '''yik'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''difficult'' || '''yuk'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''easy''
|-
| '''kya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''mobile'' || '''kye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''haphazard'' || '''kyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fixed'' ||'''kyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''heavy'' || '''kyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''light''
|-
! '''m'''&lt;br&gt;(''nature'') 
| '''am'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''hot'' || -- || '''om'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''cold'' || '''im'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''wet'' || '''um'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''dry''
|-
! rowspan=4|'''f'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''want'', qualities) 
|  ||  ||  || '''fi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''good'' || '''fu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''bad''
|-
| '''fya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''holy'' || '''fye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''mythical'' || '''fyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''profane''|| '''fyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''useful'' || '''fyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''harmful''
|-
| '''yaf'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''be able'' || '''yef'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''must''|| '''yof'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''cannot'' || '''yif'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''dare'' || '''yuf'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fear''
|-
| '''af'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''may'' || '''ef'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''need'' || '''of'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''be prohibited'' || '''if'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''love'' || '''uf'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''hate''
|-
!rowspan=6| '''v'''&lt;br&gt;(''truth, qualities'' )
| '''va'''&lt;br&gt;''yes'' || '''ve'''&lt;br&gt;''maybe'' || '''vo'''&lt;br&gt;''no''|| '''vi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''beautiful'' || '''vu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''ugly'' 
|-
| '''vay'''&lt;br&gt;''really''||'''vey'''&lt;br&gt;''may''||'''voy'''&lt;br&gt;''not'' || ||
|-
| '''av'''&lt;br&gt;''for'' || '''ev'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''neutral'' || '''ov'''&lt;br&gt;''against''|| '''iv'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''happy'' || '''uv'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''sad'' 
|-
| '''vya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''true'' || '''vye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''relative'' || '''vyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''false''|| '''vyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''clean'' || '''vyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''dirty''
|-
| '''yav'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''innocent'' || '''yev'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fair'' || '''yov'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''guilty''|| '''yiv'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''free'' || '''yuv'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''captive''
|-
| '''van'''&lt;br&gt;''that'' || '''ven'''&lt;br&gt;''if'' || '''von'''&lt;br&gt;''lest''|| ||
|-
! rowspan=5|'''z'''&lt;br&gt;(spatial) 
| '''za'''&lt;br&gt;''in front of'' || '''ze'''&lt;br&gt;''in the middle of'' || '''zo'''&lt;br&gt;''in back of''|| '''zi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''right'' || '''zu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''left''
|-
| '''zay'''&lt;br&gt;''ahead'' || '''zey'''&lt;br&gt;''across'' || '''zoy'''&lt;br&gt;''back, re-''||  || 
|-
| '''zya'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''wide'' || '''zye'''&lt;br&gt;''through'' || '''zyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''narrow''||'''zyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''flat'' || '''zyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''round''
|-
| '''az'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''strong'' || '''ez'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''moderate'' || '''oz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''weak''|| '''iz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''straight'' || '''uz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''curved''
|-
| '''yaz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''convex'' || '''yez'''&lt;br&gt;''along'' || '''yoz'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''concave'' || '''yiz'''&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''beyond'' || '''yuz'''&lt;br&gt;''around''
|-
! rowspan=4|'''b-'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''put'') 
| '''ba'''&lt;sup&gt;y&lt;/sup&gt;/(&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br&gt;''with, (agitate)'' || '''be'''&lt;sup&gt;y&lt;/sup&gt;/(&lt;sup&gt;(xer)&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br&gt;''at/by, (hold)'' || '''bo'''&lt;sup&gt;y&lt;/sup&gt;(&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br&gt;''without/(calm)''|| '''bi&lt;sup&gt;(er/xer)&lt;/sup&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;''from, (take/pull)'' || '''bu'''&lt;sup&gt;(er/xer)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''to, (give/push)''
|-
| '''ab'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''on,(put on)'' || '''eb'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''between,(block)'' || '''ob'''(&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;br&gt;''off,(take off)'' || '''ib'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''away,(receive)'' || '''ub'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''toward,(send)''
|-
| '''bya'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''stand/erect'' || '''bye'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''tap'' || '''byo'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''hang/hang''|| '''byi'''&lt;sup&gt;(ser)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''since,(originate)'' || '''byu'''&lt;sup&gt;(ser/xer)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''up to,(contact/touch)''
|-
| '''yab'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''up,(raise)'' || '''yeb'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''in,(put in)''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeb'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''out,(take out)'' || '''yob'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''down,(lower)''|| '''yib'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''far,(remove)'' || '''yub'''&lt;sup&gt;(er)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''near,(bring)''
|-
! rowspan=4|'''p'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''go'') 
| '''pa'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''move/move'' || '''pe'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''wait/trap'' || '''po'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''stop/stop''|| '''pi'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''leave/withdraw/catch'' || '''pu'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''arrive/jump/throw''
|-
| '''pya'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''hover/jump up/launch'' || '''pye'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''encounter/strike'' || '''pyo'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fall/drop''|| '''pyi'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''emanate/derive'' || '''pyu'''&lt;sup&gt;ser/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''reach/impact''
|-
| '''yap'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''rise'' || '''yep'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''enter'' || '''yop'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''descend''|| '''yip'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''go far'' || '''yup'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''approach''
|-
| '''ap'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''get on'' || '''ep'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''intervene'' || '''op'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''get off'' || '''ip'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''go away'' ||'''up'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''come''
|- 
!rowspan=2| '''s'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''be'')
| '''sa'''&lt;sup&gt;n/s/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''shape/evolve/make'' ||'''se'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''build'' || '''so'''&lt;sup&gt;n/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''matter/destroy''|| '''si'''&lt;sup&gt;n/yn&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''image/sign'' || '''su'''&lt;sup&gt;n/er/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''thing/provide/realize''
|-
| '''as'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''become'' || '''es'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''exist'' || '''os'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''cease to be'' ||  || 
|-
! rowspan=3|'''x'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''do'' )
| '''xa'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''execute'' || '''xe'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''practice'' || '''xo'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''fail'' || '''xi'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''undertake'' || '''xu'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''provoke''
|-
|'''ax'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''act'' || '''ex'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''function'' || '''ox'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''abstain'' || '''ix'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''effect'' || '''ux'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''cause''
|-
| '''yax'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''be busy'' || '''yex'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''work'' || '''yox'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''be idle'' || '''yix'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''use'' || '''yux'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''help''
|-
! '''t'''&lt;sup&gt;er/rer/yer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''know/recognize/know how'') 
| '''ta'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''remember'' || '''te'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''think'' || '''to'''&lt;sup&gt;xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''forget'' || '''ti'''&lt;sup&gt;er/xer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''learn/study''&lt;br&gt;'''tri'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''get to know''&lt;br&gt;'''tyi'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''learn how'' || '''tu'''&lt;sup&gt;er/xer/uxer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''inform/teach/raise''&lt;br&gt;'''tru'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''familiarize''&lt;br&gt;'''tyu'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''train''
|-
! '''d'''&lt;sup&gt;er/rer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;(''say/write'') 
| '''da'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''talk'' || '''de'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''state''&lt;br&gt;'''dye'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''read'' || '''do'''&lt;sup&gt;ler&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''be silent''&lt;br&gt;'''dro'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''erase'' || '''di'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ler/rer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''ask/beg/require'' || '''du'''&lt;sup&gt;er/ler/rer&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''suggest/insist/demand''&lt;br&gt;'''dyu'''&lt;sup&gt;er&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''call''
|-
! rowspan=2|'''h-'''&lt;br&gt;(determiners) 
| '''ha'''&lt;sup&gt;(a)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''the'' || '''he'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''some'' || '''ho'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''which'' || '''hi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''this'' || '''hu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''that''
|-
| '''hya'''&lt;sup&gt;(a)&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''all'' || '''hye'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''any'' || '''hyo'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''no'' || '''hyi'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''same'' || '''hyu'''&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''other''
|-
! rowspan=2| (conjunctions) 
|'''ay'''&lt;br&gt;''and'' || '''ey'''&lt;br&gt;''or'' || '''oy'''&lt;br&gt;''but'' || ||
|-
|'''ya'''&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''together'' || ||'''yo'''&lt;sup&gt;n&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;br&gt;''apart''|| ||
|- 
! rowspan=2| (numbers) 
| '''a'''&lt;br&gt;''one''|| '''e'''&lt;br&gt;''two''|| '''o'''&lt;br&gt;''zero''|| '''i'''&lt;br&gt;''three''|| '''u'''&lt;br&gt;''four''
|- 
| '''ya'''&lt;br&gt;''six''|| '''ye'''&lt;br&gt;''seven''|| '''yo'''&lt;br&gt;''five''|| '''yi'''&lt;br&gt;''eight''|| '''yu'''&lt;br&gt;''nine''
|-
! rowspan=1| (privatives) 
| || || '''lo-''' (''dis-/un-'')&lt;br&gt;'''lyo-''' (''dis-'')&lt;br&gt;'''oy-''' (''-less'')|| ||
|}

:: &lt;small&gt;* Mixed root.  '''taj/tej/toj''' instead of '''yaj/yej/yoj''', because the human letter root '''t''' is more intuitive.&lt;/small&gt;

:: Note: The opposition '''(y)a'''-'''(y)e'''-'''(y)o''' is a three-way opposition with an intermediary sense, but '''(y)i-(y)u''' is two-way, without any intermediary sense.

== Derived Word Formation Rules ==
: Derived words are formed in accordance with certain simple rules of word-building:

: These consist of the following rules:

::# Compounding
::# Affixation
::# Ordinal Vowel Scaling
::# Overlapping
::# Adding Ordinal Vowels
::# Swapping Generic Consonants
::# Marking Words for Gender
::# Deriving Words with Geo-specific Vowels
::# Deriving Words with Directional and Positional Vowels
::# Deriving Words with a Mnemonic Pattern
::# Deriving Nuanced Words Phonetically
::# Reduplication

=== Rule #1: Compounding ===
[[File:Compound 6 (maraviroc development).svg|thumb|]]
: Compound words are obtained through the combination of two or more whole words or stub words.  In the combining process, the determining word is placed quite simply in front of the word it determines.  Compounds consist mainly of noun + noun, but there can be other part-of-speech combinations.

: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Compounding
|-
! Component 1 !! Component 2 !! Compound
|-
| '''mor'''....''cosmos'' || '''tun'''....''science, -ology'' || '''mortun'''....''cosmology''
|-
| '''mag'''....''fire'' || '''memyaz'''....''mountain'' || '''magmemyaz'''....''volcano''
|-
| '''dob'''....''state'' || '''mem'''....''land'' || '''dobmem'''....''territory''
|-
| '''tul'''....''dish'' || '''dras'''....''something written'' || '''tuldras'''....''menu''
|-
| '''sin'''....''picture'' || '''dras'''....''something written'' || '''sindras'''....''description''
|-
| '''tam'''....''house'' || '''kyoxer'''....''to fix (in place)'' || '''tamkyoxer'''....''to settle''
|-
| '''tax'''....''memory'' || '''drer'''....''to write'' || '''taxdrer'''....''to record''
|-
| '''kyo-'''....''fixed'' || '''tep-'''....''mind'' || '''kyotepa'''....''stubborn''
|}
: Sometimes, the first element can be a stub of a whole word, i.e. the word with the final consonant dropped.  The word for ''rain'', for example, is '''ma(m)''' (''sky'') + '''mil''' (''water''), where the final consonant of the first word is dropped, thus, '''mamil'''.

: When compounding an adjective with a noun, if the adjective begins with a vowel, often it will be suffixed to the noun, otherwise prefixed, (but this is not a strict rule), eg:
:* '''uzra'''....''twisted'' + '''tep'''....''mind'' ---&gt; '''tepuzra'''....''crazy''
:* '''kyoa'''....''fixed'' + '''tep'''....''mind'' ----&gt; '''kyotepa'''....''stubborn, obsessed''
:* '''aza'''....''strong'' + '''tep'''....''mind'' ----&gt; '''tepaza'''....''intelligent''
:* '''fua'''....''bad'' + '''tip'''....''mood'' ----&gt; '''futipa'''....''cross, ill-tempered''
:* '''aga'''....''big'' + '''tip'''....''mood'' ----&gt; '''tipaga'''....''magnanimous, generous''

=== Rule #2: Affixation ===
[[File:Word Cloud of Various Prefixes.png|thumb|]]
: Most adverbs and prepositions can be used as prefixes:
==== Prefixes ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Adverbs and Prepositions as Prefixes
|-
! Prefix !! Base !! Compound
|-
| '''ja'''....''before'' ||'''per'''....''to go'' || '''japer'''....''to precede''
|-
| '''jo'''....''after'' ||'''per'''....''to go'' || '''joper'''....''to follow''
|-
| '''va'''....''yes'' ||'''der'''....''to say'' || '''vader'''....''to affirm''
|-
| '''jo'''....''after'' ||'''dras'''....''something written'' || '''jodras'''....''postscript''
|-
| '''za'''....''ahead'' ||'''jub'''....''day'' || '''zajub'''....''tomorrow''
|-
| '''yon'''....''apart'' ||'''mel'''....''land'' || '''yonmel'''....''island''
|}
: Prepositional prefixes ending in '''b''' with verbs '''per''' and '''ber''' (and their derivations) lose the '''b''' before verbal elements based on '''per''' (''go'') and '''ber''' (''put''), as shown in the following chart:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Assimilation of b and p
|-
! Prefix !! Base Verb !! New Verb
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''ber'''....''put'' || '''yaber'''....''raise'' (NOT: '''yabber''')
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''yaper'''....''rise'' (NOT: '''yabper''')
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''ber'''....''put'' || '''aber'''....''put on, apply''
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''aper'''....''get on, mount''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''ber'''....''put'' || '''yober'''....''take down''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''yoper'''....''descend''
|-
| '''ob'''....''off'' || '''ber'''....''put'' || '''ober'''....''take off, remove''
|-
| '''ob'''....''on'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''oper'''....''get off, dismount''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''bux'''....''a push'' || '''yebux'''....''impulse''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in'' || '''pyoser'''....''fall'' || '''yepyoser'''....''collapse''
|}

: The loss of the '''b''' in the above words in one of the only cases of '''''fusion''''' in Mirad's grammar.  Mirad is by and large an agglutinative language where building-blocks are juxtaposed with no change of form.  Another case of fusion is when so-called '''''stubs''''' are combined.  For example, '''doyijem''' (''public square''), which is composed of '''do(m)'''....''city'' + '''yij(a)'''....''open'' + '''(n)em'''....''place''.  The morphemes (= building-block words) of Mirad always have one and only one meaning, unlike in English where the prefix '''a-''' can have many different meanings.

: The adjective ending '''a''' is often dropped&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;, as is the '''er''' or prefixes taken from verbs.  Longish noun prefixes are sometimes clipped, so that '''tyoyab''' becomes '''tyoya-'''.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Prefixes Built on Words and Word Stubs
|-
! Prefix !! Base Verb !! Compound Verb
|-
| '''oza'''....''weak'' || '''der'''....''say'' || '''ozder'''....''whisper''
|-
| '''yaga'''....''long'' || '''der'''....''say'' || '''yagder'''....''ramble''
|-
| '''aja'''....''past'' || '''der'''....''say'' || '''ajder'''....''evoke''
|-
| '''yoga'''....''short'' || '''der'''....''say'' || '''yogder'''....''summarize''
|-
| '''tyoyab'''....''foot'' || '''per'''....''go'' || '''tyoyaper'''....''walk''
|-
| '''dreer'''....''write'' || '''sar'''....''tool'' || '''dresar'''....''pencil''
|-
| '''tuyob'''....''hand'' || '''dren'''....''writing'' || '''tuyodren'''....''manuscript''
|-
| '''mam'''....''sky'' || '''mil'''....''water'' || '''mamil'''....''rain''
|}
: &lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;: Sometimes, the adjective ending '''a''' is retained when an adjective is compounded with '''xer''' or '''ser'''.  This device may be used to distinguished two differently nuanced verbs.  For example, '''aga''' + '''xer''' can produce '''agaxer'''....''to magnify'' or '''agxer'''....''to grow''.  Usually, the compound where the adjective suffix has been eclipsed has the more idiomatic meaning.&lt;/small&gt;

==== Most Common Mirad Prefixes ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable collapsable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Common Prefixes
|-
! Prefix !! Examples
|-
|'''a(n)-'''....''uni-, one-, mono-''||'''anzyukpar'''....''unicycle''&lt;br&gt; '''antotin'''....''monotheism''&lt;br&gt;'''adeb'''....''emperor''
|-
|'''aa-'''....''arch-, first-, prime''||'''aadub'''....''prime minister''&lt;br&gt;'''aatat'''....''archangel''&lt;br&gt;'''aavyan'''....''principle''&lt;br&gt;'''aasaun'''....''prototype''
|-
|'''aag-'''....''arch-, main, macro-''||'''aagmep'''....''highway''&lt;br&gt; '''aagdovyab'''....''constitution''&lt;br&gt; '''aagovekut'''....''archrival''
|-
|'''aaj-'''....''paleo-, proto-''||'''aajtobtun'''....''paleoanthropology''&lt;br&gt; '''aajsiyn'''....''fossil''
|-
|'''ab-'''....''ad-, top, on, epi-''||'''abtob'''....''superman''&lt;br&gt; '''abtim'''....''attic''&lt;br&gt; '''abzen'''....''epicenter''
|-
|'''aj-'''....''former, ex-'' || '''ajtayd'''....''ex-wife''&lt;br&gt;'''ajdeb'''....''former leader''
|-
|'''ayb-'''....''over-, super-, hyper-, sur-''||'''aybmep'''....''overpass''&lt;br&gt;'''aybdresin'''....''superscript''&lt;br&gt;'''aybdyun'''....''hypernym''
|-
|'''ag-'''....''mega(lo)-'' || '''agvyotos'''....''megalomania''&lt;br&gt;'''agtoj'''....''megadeath''
|-
|'''alo(n)-'''....''deca-, ten-''||'''alojaga'''....''ten years old''&lt;br&gt; '''alojab'''....''decade''&lt;br&gt; '''alonsuna'''....''decimal''
|-
|'''aloy(n)-'''....''deci-, tenth-''||'''aloynux'''....''tithe''&lt;br&gt; '''aloyngoler'''....''decimate''
|-
|'''am-'''....''thermo-''||'''amzemula'''....''thermonuclear''&lt;br&gt; '''amvyabxar'''....''thermostat''
|-
|'''amlo(n)-'''....''mega-''||'''amloagvunak'''....''megavolt''&lt;br&gt; '''amlotoj'''....''megadeath''
|-
|'''amloyn-'''....''micro-''||'''amloynjweb'''....''microsecond''
|-
|'''anyen-'''....''idio-''||'''anyenboka'''....''idiopathic''&lt;br&gt; '''anyendyan'''....''idiom''&lt;br&gt; '''anyentepa'''....''idiotic''
|-
|'''ao(b/p)-'''....''north-south, up-down, vertical, vertically, y-axis''||'''aonab'''....''column'', ''x-y-axis''&lt;br&gt; '''aopuys yuzpar'''....''hop-on-hop-off bus''&lt;br&gt; '''aonada'''....''vertical''
|-
|'''aoye(b/p)-'''....''in-and-out''||'''aoyebar'''....''piston''&lt;br&gt; '''aoyebelen'''....''import-exports''&lt;br&gt; '''aoyepaper'''....''fly in and out''
|-
|'''aro(n)-'''....''kilo-''||'''aronminak'''....''kilometer''&lt;br&gt; '''arobanak'''....''kilobit''
|-
|'''aroyn-'''....''milli-''||'''aroynvunak'''....''millivolt''&lt;br&gt; '''aoynwunak'''....''milliwatt''
|-
|'''(a)so(n)'''....''cent-''||'''asojagat'''....''centenarian''&lt;br&gt; '''asolinak'''....''hectoliter''&lt;br&gt; '''sojab'''....''century''
|-
|'''asoy(n)-'''....''cent-, centi-''||'''asoygenak'''....''centigram''&lt;br&gt; '''asoylinak'''....''centiliter''
|-
|'''av-'''....''pro-''||'''avYanotina'''....''pro-Communist''
|-
|'''ayn-'''....''full-, holo-, whole-''||'''aynnuut'''....''wholesaler''&lt;br&gt; '''aynsin'''....''hologram''&lt;br&gt; '''aynteptija'''....''fully-conscious''
|-
|'''e(b/p)-'''....''inter-''||'''ebmos'''....''mezzanine''&lt;br&gt; '''ebyanmulxer'''....''intermingle''&lt;br&gt; '''eper'''....''intercede''
|-
|'''ejna-'''....''neo-''||'''ejnadun'''....''neologism''&lt;br&gt; '''ejnaobdabin'''....''neocolonialism''
|-
|'''e(n)-'''....''ambi-, bi-, di-, duo-, two-''||'''entyoba'''....''bipedal''&lt;br&gt; '''enzyuspar'''....''bicycle''&lt;br&gt; '''envolza'''....''dichromatic''
|-
|'''eon-'''....''duo-, double-, twin-''||'''eonin'''....''dualism''&lt;br&gt; '''eondal'''....''double-speak''&lt;br&gt; '''eonsum'''....''twin bed''
|-
|'''ev-'''....''a-, neutral'' ||'''evdofina'''....''amoral''&lt;br&gt;'''evdabtuna'''....''apolitical''
|-
|'''ey(b/p)-'''....''intra-, among''||'''eybmasa'''....''intramural''&lt;br&gt; '''eybmimkuma'''....''intracoastal''
|-
|'''eyn-'''....''demi-, half-, hemi-, mixed-, pen-, quasi-, semi-''||'''eynzyus'''....''semi-circle''&lt;br&gt; '''eynzyup'''....''half-turn''&lt;br&gt; '''eyntilsyeb'''....''demitassee''&lt;br&gt; '''eynyonmel'''....''peninsula''
|-
|'''fi-'''....''bene-, eu-, good-, nice-, well-''||'''fixut'''....''benefactor''&lt;br&gt; '''fidrawa'''....''well-written''&lt;br&gt; '''fitos'''...''euphoria''
|-
|'''fu-'''....''dys-, ill-, mal-, mis-, poorly-''||'''futos'''....''dysphoria''&lt;br&gt; '''futuwa'''....''ill-informed''&lt;br&gt; '''fuxeyn'''....''malfeasance''
|-
|'''fya-'''....''hiero-, holy-, sancti-''||'''fyasdresiyn'''....''hieroglyphic''&lt;br&gt; '''fyader'''....''sanctify''&lt;br&gt; '''fyatwed'''....''holy father''
|-
|'''fye-'''....''mythical, fantasy''||'''fyetop'''....''phantom''&lt;br&gt; '''fyetobet'''....''elfin''&lt;br&gt; '''fyetexer'''...''fantacize''&lt;br&gt; '''fyedin'''....''fantasy''
|-
|'''fyo-'''....''evil, profane'' ||'''fyotez'''....''occult''&lt;br&gt;'''fyotat'''....''devil''&lt;br&gt;'''fyotyez'''....''witchcraft''
|-
|'''gaw-'''....''re-, again'' || '''gawteaper'''....''revisit''&lt;br&gt; '''gawaker'''....''regain''
|-
|'''garale-'''....''tera-''||'''garaleagbanak'''....''terabyte''
|-
|'''garalyi-'''....''exa-''||'''garalyibanak'''....''exabit''
|-
|'''garalyo-'''....''peta-''||'''galayoagbanak'''....''petabyte''
|-
|'''garela-'''....''zetta-''||'''garelaagbanak'''....''zettabyte''
|-
|'''garelu-'''....''yotta-''||'''gareluagbanak'''....''yottabyte''
|-
|'''ge-'''....''equal to, equi-, even-''||'''geyafwa'''....''equipollent''&lt;br&gt; '''genaza'''....''equivalent''
|-
|'''gel-'''....''homo-, like-, simul-''||'''gelzena'''....''homocentric''&lt;br&gt; '''gelvolza'''....''homochromatic''
|-
|'''geyl-'''....''simul-''||'''geyldyan'''....''simile''&lt;br&gt; '''geylxer'''....''assimilate''
|-
|'''gla-'''....''many-, multi-, poly-''||'''glatyenika'''....''multi-skilled''&lt;br&gt; '''glatwada'''....''polyandrous''&lt;br&gt; '''glavolza'''....''many-hued''
|-
|'''glo-'''....''mini-, little-, few-''||'''gloduna'''....''succint, of few words''&lt;br&gt; '''glonixea'''....''low-earning''
|-
|'''gorale-'''....''pico-''||'''goraleagfenak'''....''picofarad''
|-
|'''goralyi-'''....''atto-''||'''goralyigenak'''....''attogram''
|-
|'''goralyo-'''....''femto-''||'''goralyoon'''....''quadrillionth''
|-
|'''goralyu-'''....''nano-''||'''goralyusonak'''....''nanosecond''
|-
|'''gorela-'''....''zepto-''||'''gorelagenak'''....''zeptogram''
|-
|'''gorelu-'''....''yocto-''||'''gorelugenak'''....''yoctogram''
|-
|'''gra-'''....''extra-, hyper-, over-, ultra-''||'''gratosea'''....''hypersensitive''&lt;br&gt; '''grazoyaxler'''....''overreact''&lt;br&gt; '''granoxea'''....''extravagant''
|-
|'''gro-'''....''hypo-, under-''||'''groyixlawa'''....''underemployed''&lt;br&gt; '''groaman'''....''hypothermia''
|-
|'''gwa-'''....''hyper-, maxi-, -most, pleisto-, uber-, ultra-, pure, macro-''||'''gwayelza'''....''pure pink''&lt;br&gt; '''gwayafa'''....''supreme''&lt;br&gt; '''gwauja'''....''ultimate''&lt;br&gt; '''gwazoa'''....''hindmost''
|-
|'''gwo-'''....''least-, mini-, micro-''||'''gwosag'''....''minimum''&lt;br&gt; '''gwoyuzpur'''....''minibus''&lt;br&gt;'''gwoexlus'''....''microprocessor''
|-
|'''hi-'''....''hither, these, this''||'''his'''....''this''&lt;br&gt; '''hisi'''....''these''&lt;br&gt; '''him'''....''here''
|-
|'''hya(s)-'''....''pan(to)-, omni-, all-, every-''||'''hyas'''....''everything''&lt;br&gt; '''hyati'''....''all of them''&lt;br&gt; '''hyastea'''....''omniscient''&lt;br&gt; '''hyataadifa'''....''pansexual'' 
|-
|'''hu-'''....''that''||'''hus'''....''that''&lt;br&gt; '''huj'''....''then''&lt;br&gt; '''huyen'''...''that way''
|-
|'''huim-'''....''here-and-there, here-and-yon''||'''huimkexer'''....''search high and low''&lt;br&gt; '''huimpaper'''....''fly here and there''&lt;br&gt; '''hyuimpoper'''....''travel here-and-there''
|-
|'''huu-'''....''so, such''||'''huugla'''....''so, so very''&lt;br&gt; '''hus'''....''such''&lt;br&gt; '''huyen'''....''in such a way, so, thus''
|-
|'''hyaewa-'''....''ambi-''||'''hyaewati'''....''both of them''&lt;br&gt; '''hyaewaziza'''....''ambidextrous''&lt;br&gt; '''hyaewatoobifa'''....''ambi-sexual''
|-
|'''hye-'''....''-ever, any, whatever, whichever''||'''hyem'''....''anywhere, wherever''&lt;br&gt; '''hyempea'''....''erratic''&lt;br&gt; '''hjej'''....''ever, anytime''
|-
|'''hyi-'''....''homo-, like-, same, syn-''||'''hyitoobifa'''....''homosexual''&lt;br&gt; '''hyis'''....''same thing''&lt;br&gt; '''hyijoba'''....''synchronous''
|-
|'''hyo(s)-'''....''nothing, a-'' || '''hyostosea'''....''apathetic''
|-
|'''hyu(t/s)-'''....''alter-, hetero-, other-, xeno-, else''||'''hyutoobifa'''....''heterosexual''&lt;br&gt; '''hyua'''....''another, alternate''&lt;br&gt; '''hyutufa'''....''xenophobic''&lt;br&gt; '''hyus'''....''something else''
|-
|'''hyui(t/s)-'''....''cross-, mutual, one thing and another, reciprocal''||'''hyuitvikaxen'''....''mutual admiration''&lt;br&gt; '''hyuixer'''....''reciprocate''&lt;br&gt; '''hyuisa'''....''mutual, reciprocal''&lt;br&gt; '''hyuitif'''....''mutual love''
|-
|'''i-'''....''toward the speaker''||'''iber'''....''receive''&lt;br&gt;'''ixer'''....''result''
|-
|'''ik-'''....''fully, thoroughly''||'''iktoxer'''....''forget completely''&lt;br&gt; '''iktos'''....''satisfaction''&lt;br&gt; '''ikyebixer'''....''engulf, swallow up completely''
|-
|'''in-'''....''three-, tri-, tripl-, tern-''||'''inzyuspar'''....''tricycle''&lt;br&gt; '''inaga'''....''three-dimensional''&lt;br&gt; '''injiba'''....''trimensual''&lt;br&gt; '''insuna'''....''ternary''&lt;br&gt; '''intotan'''....''trinity''
|-
|'''iyn-'''....''terci-, third''||'''iyna'''....''terciary''&lt;br&gt; '''iynxer'''....''cut into thirds''
|-
|'''iz-'''....''ortho-, recti-, right-, straight-''||'''iznada'''....''rectilinear''&lt;br&gt; '''izguna'''....''orthogonal''&lt;br&gt; '''iztin'''....''orthdoxy''&lt;br&gt; '''izdea'''....''forthright''
|-
|'''ja-'''....''ante-, fore-, pre-''||'''jaupya'''....''foregone''&lt;br&gt; '''jauper'''....''precede''&lt;br&gt; '''jadropeka'''....''antebellum''
|-
|'''je-'''....''per-, continuously, ever-''||'''jetejer'''....''persevere''&lt;br&gt;'''jeteaxer'''....''watch''&lt;br&gt;'''jexrer'''....''perpetuate''
|-
|'''jo-'''....''after-, meta-, post-''||'''joexlen'''....''postprocessing''&lt;br&gt; '''jomir'''....''metasphere''&lt;br&gt; '''jotej'''....''afterlife''
|-
|'''jwa-'''....''early-, eo-, preter-, proto-''||'''jwaber'''....''prepare''&lt;br&gt; '''jwatuun'''....''premonition''&lt;br&gt; '''jwadodin'''....''early history, protohistory''&lt;br&gt; '''jwamola'''....''preternatural''&lt;br&gt; '''jwajoeb'''....''eocene''
|-
|'''jwo-'''....''ceno-, late-, latter-, tard-''||'''jwonux'''....''late payment''&lt;br&gt; '''jwoa'''....''tardy''&lt;br&gt; '''jwoteja'''....''cenozoic''
|-
|'''ko-'''....''cover-, hidden, secret-, stealth-''||'''koa'''....''covert''&lt;br&gt; '''koexut'''....''spy''&lt;br&gt; '''koyeper'''....''sneak in''
|-
|'''(ko)vyo-'''....''pseudo-, mis-, wrong-''||'''kovyotun'''....''pseudoscience''&lt;br&gt;'''vyobekuer'''....''to mistreat''
|-
|'''ku-'''....''para-''||'''kuifut'''....''paramour''&lt;br&gt; '''kuteliut'''....''parasite''&lt;br&gt; '''kuteptun'''....''parapsychology''
|-
|'''kya-'''....''alternate, dia-, re-, trans-, vari-, cross-''||'''kyaember'''....''relocate''&lt;br&gt; '''kyajoba'''....''diachronic''&lt;br&gt; '''kyatajnad'''....''crossbreed''&lt;br&gt; '''kyatooba'''....''transgendered''&lt;br&gt; '''kyavolza'''....''variegated, motley''
|-
|'''kyao-'''....''falteringly, unsteadily''||'''kyaoper'''....''stagger''&lt;br&gt; '''kyaotexer'''....''vacillate''
|-
|'''kye-'''....''chance-, hap-, random-''||'''kyea'''....''haphazard''&lt;br&gt; '''kyebyus'''....''chance encounter''&lt;br&gt; '''kyeteater'''....''happen to see''&lt;br&gt; '''kyesauna'''....''of a random type''
|-
|'''kyo-'''....''fixed-, still-, stereo-, stat-''||'''kyosaun'''....''stereotype''&lt;br&gt; '''kyopa'''....''stable, static, stationary''&lt;br&gt; '''kyoson'''....''status''
|-
|'''lo-'''....''dis-, semantic reversing prefix, un-''||'''lozeb'''....''disequilibrium''&lt;br&gt; '''loyuvlaxer'''....''disengage''&lt;br&gt; '''loyuzyuber'''....''uncoil''&lt;br&gt; '''lomulvyusber'''....''decontaminate''
|-
|'''logel-'''....''hetero-, different-''||'''logelsauna'''....''heterogenous''&lt;br&gt;'''logelaxer'''....''differentiate''
|-
|'''maz-'''....''bright-''||'''mazteaba'''....''bright-eyed''
|-
|'''mial-'''....''hygro-, atmo-, vapori-''||'''mialama'''....''hygrothermal''&lt;br&gt;'''mialnagar'''....''atomometer, vaporimeter''
|-
|'''mil-'''....''aqua-, hydro-, water-''||'''milyexun'''....''aquaculture''&lt;br&gt; '''milmaka'''....''hydroelectric''&lt;br&gt; '''miltilsyeb'''....''water glass''
|-
|'''mul-'''....''hylo-, substance''||'''mulsana'''....''hylomorphic''
|-
|'''o(l)-'''....''a-, dis-, non-, un-, in-''||'''ovyilxwa'''....''unwashed''&lt;br&gt; '''omalza'''....''non-white''&lt;br&gt; '''ototina'''....''atheist''&lt;br&gt; '''otepzexea'''....''inattentive''
|-
|'''o(b/p)-'''....''de-, hypo-, off-, sub-, vice-''||'''oper'''....''get off''&lt;br&gt; '''obneg'''....''sublevel''&lt;br&gt; '''obxeb'''....''sous-chef, sub-officer''&lt;br&gt;'''obtyodeb'''....''vice-president''
|-
|'''oog-'''....''micro-'' || '''oogpob'''....''microorganism''
&lt;nowiki&gt;-&lt;/nowiki&gt;
|-
| '''oj-'''....''future'' || '''ojtayd'''....''bride, future wife''
|-
|'''gaw-'''....''re-'' ||'''gawder'''....''to repeat''&lt;br&gt;'''gawdyeer'''....''to re-read''
|-
|'''gwo-'''....''micro-, mini-'' || '''ogalmor'''....''microcosm''&lt;br&gt;'''ogalteaxer'''....''microscope''&lt;br&gt;'''gowaxer'''....''minimize''
|-
|'''of-'''....''prohibited'' ||'''ofbier'''....''steal''&lt;br&gt;'''ofbekul'''....''prohibited drug''&lt;br&gt;'''ofemkyoxer'''....''to squat''
|-
|'''ov-'''....''contra-, counter-, dis-, non-, the opposite of, un-''||'''ovalxer'''....''countervail''&lt;br&gt; '''ovper'''....''contravene''&lt;br&gt; '''ovkyin'''....''counterweight''&lt;br&gt; '''ovdat'''....''enemy''&lt;br&gt; '''olovmasbwa'''....''undefended''
|-
|'''oy-'''....''-less, a(n)-, without''||'''oytofa'''...''naked''&lt;br&gt; '''oyxer'''....''deprive''&lt;br&gt; '''oytosen'''....''apathy''&lt;br&gt; '''oyteupiba'''....''toothless''
|-
|'''oyb-'''....''hypo-, infra-, sub-, under-''||'''oybnadrer'''....''underline''&lt;br&gt; '''oybtomsan'''....''infrastructure''&lt;br&gt; '''oybseuxa'''....''subsonic''&lt;br&gt; '''oybtayoba'''....''hypodermic''
|-
|'''oyeb-'''....''ex-, extra-, out-''||'''oyebnad'''....''outline''&lt;br&gt; '''oyebyujber'''....''exclude''&lt;br&gt; '''oyebdoabuer'''....''extradite''
|-
|'''oyv-'''....''contra-, opposite, reverse''||'''oyvkuma'''...''opposite''&lt;br&gt; '''oyvder'''....''contradict''&lt;br&gt;'''oyvduer'''....''contraindicate''&lt;br&gt;'''oyvaxer'''....''reverse''
|-
|'''tayi(b)-'''....''neuro-, nerve''||'''tayibteptun'''....''neuropsychology''&lt;br&gt; '''tayibyok'''....''neuralgia''
|-
|'''teeb-'''....''auri-, oto-, ear-''||'''teebbekut'''....''aurist''&lt;br&gt; '''teeteiteyobtut'''....''otorhinolaryngologist''&lt;br&gt; '''teebyel'''....''earwax''
|-
|'''tee(s/x/t)-'''....''audio-, son-, phono-''||'''teesnagen'''....''audiography''&lt;br&gt; '''teestaxdras'''....''phonogram''&lt;br&gt; '''teestun'''....''audiology''&lt;br&gt; '''teexdras'''....''audiogram''&lt;br&gt; '''teetyofwa'''....''inaudible''
|-
|'''tei(b)-'''....''nasal, nose, rhino-, aroma-, olfact-, osmo-''||'''teibbok'''....''rhinitis''&lt;br&gt; '''teibyeg'''....''nostril''&lt;br&gt; '''teiz'''....''perfume''&lt;br&gt; '''teizuka'''....''aroma-free''&lt;br&gt; '''teityaf'''....''olfactory sense''
|-
|'''tiibil-'''....''blood-, hema-, hemato-, hemo-, sanguin-''||'''tiibililp'''....''hemorrhage''&lt;br&gt; '''tiibiliut'''....''bloodsucker''&lt;br&gt; '''tiibloker'''....''exsanguinate''&lt;br&gt; '''tiibiltun'''....''hematology''
|-
|'''tuj-'''....''hypno-, somni-, sopor-''||'''tujbek'''....''hyptotherapy''&lt;br&gt; '''tujbyea'''....''somniferous, soporific''
|-
|'''u(b/p)-'''....''toward''||'''uber'''....''send''&lt;br&gt;'''ubaer'''....''lean toward''
|-
|'''ui-'''....''horizontal, left-right, x-axis''||'''uinab'''....''row'', ''x-axis''&lt;br&gt; '''uinada'''....''horizontal''
|-
|'''uib-'''....''back-and-forth, toward-and-away, transmit-receive''||'''uibar'''....''transceiver''
|-
|'''uig-'''....''fast-and-slow''||'''uigpar'''....''scooter''
|-
|'''uij-'''....''begin-and-end, start-and-stop''||'''uijdaler'''....''stutter''
|-
|'''uip-'''....''come-and-go''||'''uipen'''....''traffic, coming and going''
|-
|'''uiz-'''....''straight-then-crooked''||'''uizbaser'''....''swagger''&lt;br&gt; '''uizdrer'''....''scribble''&lt;br&gt; '''uizpaser'''....''swerve''
|-
|'''u(n)-'''....''four-, quadri-, tetra-, quater-''||'''ungona'''....''quadripartite''&lt;br&gt; '''unnednid'''....''tetrahedron''&lt;br&gt; '''unsuna'''....''quaternary''
|-
|'''uyn-'''....''fourth-, quarti-''||'''uynxer'''....''quarter''&lt;br&gt; '''uynjab'''....''quarter (of a year)''
|-
|'''ut-'''....''auto-, self-, sui-, ego-''||'''utifon'''....''egoism''&lt;br&gt; '''utgober'''....''autodecrement''&lt;br&gt; '''utfuyix'''....''self-abuse''&lt;br&gt; '''uttujben'''....''suicide''
|-
|'''uz-'''....''crooked, di-''||'''uzper'''....''diverge''
|-
|'''va-'''....''yes''||'''vayovder'''....''convict''&lt;br&gt; '''vabier'''....''accept''&lt;br&gt; '''vatexer'''....''believe''
|-
|'''vao-'''....''yes-no''||'''vaoder'''....''decide''&lt;br&gt; '''vaodaler'''....''waffle''&lt;br&gt; '''vaonaza'''....''boolean''
|-
|'''vi-'''....''bell-, eu-, fine-, pulchri-''||'''vituzyan'''....''fine arts, beaux arts''&lt;br&gt; '''vidun'''....''euphemism''&lt;br&gt; '''vidrenyan'''....''literature, belles lettres''&lt;br&gt; '''visuana'''....''classic''
|-
|'''vo-'''....''non-, neg-''||'''voyafxer'''....''veto''&lt;br&gt; '''voxer'''....''negate''&lt;br&gt; '''voyovder'''....''acquit, declare not guilty''
|-
|'''vya-'''....''justi-, recti-, true-, reg-''||'''vyadin'''....''true story''&lt;br&gt; '''vyader'''....''avow''&lt;br&gt; '''vyamol'''....''essence''
|-
| '''vyao-'''....''right or wrong'' ||'''vyaoyek'''....''test''
|-
|'''vyak-'''....''ortho-, correct-''||'''vyakdred'''....''orthography''&lt;br&gt; '''vyakxer'''....''correct''
|-
|'''vyo-'''....''mis-, para-, wrong-''||'''vyoyufa'''....''paranoid''&lt;br&gt; '''vyoyux'''....''perfidy''&lt;br&gt; '''vyoyixer'''....''misuse''
|-
|'''ya-'''....''more than one, multi-''||'''yaota'''....''communal''
|-
|'''yab-'''....''hyper-, supra-, sur-, up-, upper-''||'''yabdom'''....''uptown''&lt;br&gt; '''yabdoneg'''....''upper class''&lt;br&gt; '''yabduzneg'''....''high pitch''&lt;br&gt; '''yabexer'''....''support''&lt;br&gt; '''yabzyobix'''....''hypertension''
|-
|'''yabnan-'''....''height-, hypso-, alti-''||'''yabnanagar'''....''hypsometer, altimeter''
|-
|'''yag-'''....''long-''||'''yagyiban'''....''long distance''&lt;br&gt; '''yagyeker'''....''strive''&lt;br&gt; '''yagblokea'''....''long-suffering''
|-
|'''yan-'''....''co(n)-, fellow-, -mate''||'''yanzena'''....''concentric''&lt;br&gt; '''yanyeker'''....''compete''&lt;br&gt; '''yandit'''....''fellow-citizen''
|-
|'''yao(b/p)-'''....''up-and-down''||'''yaopuyser'''....''skip''&lt;br&gt; '''yaopsim'''....''seesaw''&lt;br&gt; '''yaoblir'''....''elevator''&lt;br&gt; '''yaobaser'''....''bounce''
|-
|'''ya(on)-'''....''six-, hexa-, sex-''||'''yaonat'''....''sextet''&lt;br&gt; '''yaongun'''....''hexagon''&lt;br&gt; '''yaona'''....''six-fold, sextuple''&lt;br&gt;'''yagol'''....''sextile''
|-
|'''yaov-'''....''guilty-or-innocent''||'''yaovder'''....''adjudicate''&lt;br&gt; '''yaovdutyan'''....''jury''&lt;br&gt; '''yaovkader'''....''plead''&lt;br&gt; '''yaovyek'''....''trial''
|-
|'''yaoz-'''....''serrated, bumpy, jagged''||'''yaozaxer'''....''serrate''&lt;br&gt; '''yaozgoblar'''....''saw''&lt;br&gt; '''yaozper'''....''bump along''
|-
|'''yayb-'''....''supra-''||'''yaybdooba'''....''supranational''
|-
|'''yayn-'''....''sex-, sixth''||'''yayna'''...''sixth''
|-
|'''ye(on)-'''....''hept-, hepta-, septi-, seven-''||'''yejub'''....''week''&lt;br&gt; '''yeongun'''....''heptagon''&lt;br&gt; '''yeonat'''....''septuplet''
|-
|'''ye(b/p)-'''....''en-, endo-, in-, intra-, intro-''||'''yebuzaser'''....''.inflect''&lt;br&gt; '''yebzoytiibufa'''....''intravenous''&lt;br&gt; '''yebyujer'''....''enclode''&lt;br&gt; '''yebtayoba'''....''endodermal''&lt;br&gt; '''yeper'''....''enter''&lt;br&gt; '''yeber'''....''introduce''
|-
|'''yeov-'''....''fair or not ''|| '''yeovdut'''....''umpire''
|-
|'''yeyb-'''....''intra-''||'''yeybmepyan'''....''intranet''&lt;br&gt; '''yeybdoeba'''....''intrastate''
|-
|'''ye-'''....''hepto-, seven-, septi-''||'''yejub'''....''week''
|-
|'''yeyn-'''....''seventh''|| '''yeynxer'''....''split into sevenths''
|-
|'''yez'''....''para-, alongside''|| '''yezteptun'''....''parapsychology''&lt;br&gt;'''yezuper'''....''come alongside''
|-
|'''yi(on)-'''....''oct-, eight-''||'''yiona'''...''eight-fold''&lt;br&gt;''octuple''
|-
|'''yib-'''....''far-, tele-, remote''||'''yibsin'''....''televison''&lt;br&gt; '''yibteata'''....''far-sighted''&lt;br&gt; '''yibtrawa'''....''famous''
|-
|'''yibaj-'''....''archai-, archeo-, ancient''||'''yibajtun'''....''archaeology'','''yibajtun'''....''archeology''
|-
|'''yiyn-'''....''eighth''||'''yiynxer'''....''divide into eighths''
|-
|'''yiz-'''....''beyond, extra-, meta-, out-, para-, past, super-, supra-, trans-, ultra-''||'''yiztyun'''...''metaphor''&lt;br&gt; '''yizeza'''....''paranormal''&lt;br&gt; '''yizmeirat'''....''extraterrestrial''&lt;br&gt; '''yizseux'''....''utrasound''
|-
|'''yoon-'''....''five-, penta-, quint-''||'''yoongun'''....''pentagon''&lt;br&gt; '''yoongol'''...''quintile''&lt;br&gt; '''yoon'''....''group of five''&lt;br&gt; ''quintet''
|-
|'''yo(b/p)-'''....''down-, hypo-, sub-''||'''yobdom'''...''downtown''&lt;br&gt; '''yoper'''....''go down''&lt;br&gt; '''yobgoler'''....''subdivide''
|-
|'''yon-'''....''apart, dis-, se-''||'''yonzyaber'''....''disperse''&lt;br&gt; '''yonxer'''....''separate''&lt;br&gt; '''yonsauna'''....''distinct''
|-
|'''yoyn-'''....''fifth-, quinti-''||'''yoynnaga'''....''quintic''&lt;br&gt; '''yoyn'''....''a fifth''
|-
|'''yu(n)-'''....''nine-, nona-''||'''yunapa'''....''ninth (in order)''&lt;br&gt; '''yungunid'''....''nonagon''&lt;br&gt; '''yunkunid'''....''nonahedron''
|-
|'''yub-'''....''near-, proxi-, para-''||'''yuboj'''....''near future''&lt;br&gt; '''yubna'''....''next''&lt;br&gt; '''yubteas'''....''closeup (view)''&lt;br&gt; '''yubge'''....''almost''&lt;br&gt; '''yubfia'''....''intimate''&lt;br&gt; '''yubgeser'''....''approximate''&lt;br&gt;'''yubdopa'''....''paramilitary''
|-
|'''yui(b/p)-'''....''near-and-far''||'''yuibjo'''....''sooner or later''&lt;br&gt; '''yuibteabar'''....''bifocals''&lt;br&gt; '''yuipoper'''....''travel near and far''
|-
|'''yuij-'''....''open-and-shut''||'''yuijar'''....''valve''&lt;br&gt; '''yuijer'''....''blink'', ''wink''&lt;br&gt; '''manyuijer'''....''blink''&lt;br&gt; '''makyuijar'''....''switch''
|-
|'''yuyb-'''....''quasi-, pen-, almost''||'''yuybyonmel'''....''peninsula''&lt;br&gt; '''yuybega'''....''quasi-normal''
|-
|'''yuon-'''....''ninth-, novi-''||'''yuonat'''....''nonuplet''
|-
|'''yuz-'''....''circ-, circum-, peri-, roto-, round-''||'''yuzper'''....''circulate''&lt;br&gt; '''yuznad'''....''perimeter''&lt;br&gt; '''yuzof'''....''wrap-around''&lt;br&gt; '''yuznadrer'''....''circumscribe''
|-
|'''za-'''....''ante-, fore-, front-, pre-, pro-, north''||'''zatim'''....''antechamber''&lt;br&gt; '''zamimuf'''....''foremast''&lt;br&gt; '''zagab'''....''prefix''&lt;br&gt; '''zajuber'''....''procrastinate''&lt;br&gt;'''zamer'''....''north''
|-
|'''zao-'''....''back-and-forth, front-and-back''||'''zaopaser'''....''wobble''&lt;br&gt; '''zaokuper'''....''slalom''&lt;br&gt; '''zaopyoser'''....''pendulate''
|-
|'''zay-'''....''forth-, pro-, forward, ahead''||'''zaypuyser'''....''skip ahead''&lt;br&gt; '''zaypuxer'''....''propel''&lt;br&gt; '''zayper'''....''go forward, procede''&lt;br&gt; '''zayupea'''....''forthcoming''
|-
|'''ze-'''....''mid-, central, medio-''||'''zetej'''....''midlife''&lt;br&gt; '''zepoxer'''....''interrupt, stop midway''&lt;br&gt; '''zetem'''....''central hall''
|-
|'''zey-'''....''cross-, meta-, over-, trans-, across''||'''zeyper'''....''transit, get across''&lt;br&gt; '''zeynod'''....''crosspoint''&lt;br&gt; '''zeytyun'''....''metaphor''
|-
|'''zi-'''....''right, east, dextro-''||'''zim'''....''right side''&lt;br&gt;'''zimera'''....''eastern''
|-
|'''zo-'''....''back-, hind-, retro-, south''||'''zotib'''....''back''&lt;br&gt; '''zotiub'''....''hindquarters''&lt;br&gt; '''zonapa'''....''retrograde''&lt;br&gt;'''zomer'''....''south''
|-
|'''zoy-'''....''back-, retro-, re-''||'''zoyper'''....''recede, go back''&lt;br&gt; '''zoybeler'''....''carry back''&lt;br&gt; '''zoyzyublen'''....''backspin''
|-
|'''zu-'''....''left-, west-''||'''zutinut'''....''leftist''&lt;br&gt; '''zukum'''....''left side''&lt;br&gt;'''zumera'''....''western''
|-
|'''zui-'''....''left-and-right, zig-zag, east-west''||'''zuibyoser'''....''dangle, hang left-and-right''&lt;br&gt; '''zuiper'''....''zigzag''&lt;br&gt; '''zuituyaba'''....''ambidextrous''&lt;br&gt;'''zuimera'''....''east-west''
|-
|'''zya-'''....''-wide, wide-, broad-, all about''||'''zyauber'''....''broadcast''&lt;br&gt; '''zyateaba'''....''wide-eyed''&lt;br&gt; '''zyasauna'''....''general''&lt;br&gt; '''zyapoper'''....''cruise, wander''&lt;br&gt; '''zyamira'''....''global, worldwide''
|-
|'''zye-'''....''per-, thorough-, thru-, trans-''||'''zyetejer'''....''live through, experience''&lt;br&gt; '''zyeteaxer'''....''peruse''&lt;br&gt; '''zyeteatyafwa'''....''transparent''&lt;br&gt; '''zyemep'''....''thoroughfare''&lt;br&gt; '''zyeper'''....''permeate, transit''
|-
|'''zyo-'''....''narrow, steno-'' || '''zyotepa'''....''narrow-minded''&lt;br&gt;'''zyoteat'''....''tunnel vision''&lt;br&gt;'''zyoyija'''....''stenopeic''
|-
|'''zyu-'''....''cyclo-, rot-, round-, gyro''||'''zyutim'''....''rotunda''&lt;br&gt; '''zyusem'''....''roundtable''&lt;br&gt; '''zyuper'''....''cycle, gyrate, rotate''
|}

==== Suffixes ====

: Mirad has semantic stub suffixes, derivational suffixes, and normal semantic suffixes.

: '''Semantic Stub Suffixes'''

:: Semantic stub suffixes are generally formed from the last letters of a base word minus the initial consonant.  They serve to put a word into some category, such as liquid, place, person, or material.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Semantic Stub Suffixes
|- valign=top
! Suffix Stub !! Suffix Full Form !! Suffixed Example &lt; Base Word
|-
| '''-il'''....''liquid, drink'' || '''mil'''....''water'' || '''teab&lt;u&gt;il&lt;/u&gt;'''....''tear''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teab'''....''eye''&lt;br&gt;'''teub&lt;u&gt;il&lt;/u&gt;'''....''saliva''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teub'''....''mouth''&lt;br&gt;'''tayeb&lt;u&gt;il&lt;/u&gt;'''....''sweat''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tayeb'''....''skin''&lt;br&gt;'''mam&lt;u&gt;il&lt;/u&gt;'''....''rain''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mam'''....''sky''
|-
| '''-al'''....''gas'' || '''mal'''....''air'' || '''tieb&lt;u&gt;al&lt;/u&gt;'''....''breath''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tieb'''....''lung''
|-
| '''-(e)l'''....''food'' || '''tel'''....''food'' || '''sup&lt;u&gt;el&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pork''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''&lt;u&gt;sup&lt;/u&gt;et'''....''swine''&lt;br&gt;'''ta&lt;u&gt;ol&lt;/u&gt;'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''taob'''....''flesh''&lt;br&gt;'''fe&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''feb'''....''fruit''
|-
| '''-ul'''....''stuff'' || '''mul'''....''substance'' || '''vix&lt;u&gt;ul&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cosmetic''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vix-'''....''to beautify''&lt;br&gt;'''bek&lt;u&gt;ul&lt;/u&gt;'''....''medecine''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''bek'''....''treatment''
|-
| '''-yel'''....''oil, gel, wax, pulp'' || '''yel'''....''oil'' || '''olf&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''olive oil''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''olfeb'''....''olive''&lt;br&gt;'''appelat&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''wax''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''appelat'''....''bee''&lt;br&gt;'''mag&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''grease''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mag'''....''fire''&lt;br&gt;'''bek&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''salve''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''bek'''....''treatment''&lt;br&gt;'''meg&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cement''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''meg'''....''stone''&lt;br&gt;'''yan&lt;u&gt;yel&lt;/u&gt;'''....''paste''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yan'''....''together''
|-
| '''-am'''....''house'' || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''apat&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''chicken coop''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''apat'''....''chicken''&lt;br&gt;'''apellat&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''beehive''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''apellat'''....''bee''&lt;br&gt;'''melyex&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''farmhouse''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''melyex'''....''agriculture''&lt;br&gt;'''datib&lt;u&gt;am&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hostel''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''datib'''....''guest-reception''
|-
| '''-(e)m'''....''place'' || '''nem'''....''place'' || '''vobyex&lt;u&gt;em&lt;/u&gt;'''....''plantation, farm''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vob'''....''plant'' + '''yex'''....''work''&lt;br&gt;'''vab&lt;u&gt;em&lt;/u&gt;'''....''field''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vab'''....''grass''&lt;br&gt;'''ab&lt;u&gt;em&lt;/u&gt;'''....''top, surface''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ab'''....''above, upper''&lt;br&gt;'''ze&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;'''....''middle''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ze(a)'''....''middle'' &lt;br&gt; '''tim'''....''room''
|-
| '''-im'''....''room'' || '''tim'''....''room'' || '''tul&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tul'''....''cuisine''&lt;br&gt;'''tuj&lt;u&gt;im&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bedroom''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tuj'''....''sleep''
|-
| '''-um'''....''cell, booth'' ||  '''tum'''....''compartment''|| '''pex&lt;u&gt;um&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cage''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''pexer'''....''catch''&lt;br&gt;'''ilzyapux&lt;u&gt;um&lt;/u&gt;'''....''shower stall''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''ilzyapux'''....''shower''
|-
| '''-yem'''....''space'' || '''nyem'''....''enclosure'' || '''yom&lt;u&gt;yem&lt;/u&gt;'''....''icebox''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yom'''....''ice''
|-
| '''-yeb'''....''container'' || '''nyeb'''....''container'' || '''z&lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bottle''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zye(f)'''....''glass''&lt;br&gt;'''vos&lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''vase''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vos'''....''flower''
|-
| '''-of'''....''material'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''t&lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt;'''....''clothes''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''t-'''....''human''&lt;br&gt;'''mis&lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt;'''....''curtain''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mis'''....''window''&lt;br&gt;'''fa&lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt;'''....''wood''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''fa(b)-'''....''tree''&lt;br&gt;'''tay&lt;u&gt;of&lt;/u&gt;'''....''leather''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tayo(b)'''....''skin''
|-
| '''-ov'''....''linen'' || '''nov'''....''linen'' || '''tey&lt;u&gt;ov&lt;/u&gt;'''....''collar''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teyob'''....''neck''
|-
| '''-ar'''....''instrument'' || '''sar'''....''tool'' ||'''p&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cart''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''p-'''....''motion''&lt;br&gt;'''zyup&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''rotor''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zyup'''....''turn''&lt;br&gt;'''gobr&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''knife''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''gobrar'''....''cut''&lt;br&gt;'''jwob&lt;u&gt;ar&lt;/u&gt;'''....''watch''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''jwob'''....''hour''
|-
| '''-ir'''....''machine'' || '''sir'''....''machine'' || '''dr&lt;u&gt;ir&lt;/u&gt;'''....''typewriter''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''dr-'''....''write''&lt;br&gt;'''gwob&lt;u&gt;ir&lt;/u&gt;'''....''clock''
|-
| '''-ur'''....''large machine'' || '''sur'''....''engine'' || '''p&lt;u&gt;ur&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''car''&lt;br&gt;'''jwob&lt;u&gt;ur&lt;/u&gt;r'''....''grandfather clock''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''jwob'''....''hour''
|-
| '''-(u)n'''....''thing'' || '''sun'''....''thing'' || '''d&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;'''....''word''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''d-'''....''utter, say''&lt;br&gt;'''gofr&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;'''....''piece, scrap''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''gofrer'''....''rip, shread, tear''&lt;br&gt;'''zyi&lt;u&gt;un&lt;/u&gt;'''....''plaque, plate''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''zyia'''....''flat''&lt;br&gt;'''vyu&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''spot''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vyua'''....''dirty''
|-
| '''-on'''....''abstract thing'' || '''son'''....''issue'' || '''yov&lt;u&gt;on&lt;/u&gt;'''....''tort, wrong''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''yov'''....''guilt''
|-
| '''yen'''....''manner, kind'' || '''byen'''....''manner'' || '''tex&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''opinion''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tex'''....''thought''&lt;br&gt;'''hi&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''this way, thus''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''hi-'''....''this''&lt;br&gt;'''es&lt;u&gt;yen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''status''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''es-'''....''exist''
|-
| '''-in'''....''-ism'' || '''tin'''....''doctrine'' || '''tot&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''theism, religion''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tot-'''....''god''&lt;br&gt;'''Krist&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Christianity''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''Krist'''....''Christ''&lt;br&gt;'''vyisat&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''puritanism''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''vysiat'''....''puritan, clean person''&lt;br&gt;'''oytof&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;'''....''nudism''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''oytofa'''....''nude''
|-
| '''-ufyeg'''....''cylinder'' || '''mufyeg'''....''pipe'' || '''man&lt;u&gt;ufyeg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''candle''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''man'''....''light''&lt;br&gt;'''tiib&lt;u&gt;ufyeg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''artery''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tiib'''....''heart''&lt;br&gt;'''mil&lt;u&gt;ufyeg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''toilet''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mil'''....''water''&lt;br&gt;'''mov&lt;u&gt;ufyeg&lt;/u&gt;'''....''cheminee''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''mov'''....''smoke''
|-
| '''-ab'''....''government'' || '''dab'''....''government'' || '''dit&lt;u&gt;ab&lt;/u&gt;'''....''democracy''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''dit'''....''citizen''
|-
| '''-eb'''....''leader'' || '''deb'''....''leader'' || '''x&lt;u&gt;eb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''boss''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''x-'''....''do''&lt;br&gt;'''tam&lt;u&gt;eb&lt;/u&gt;'''....''master of the house''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tam'''....''house''
|-
| '''-ub'''....''branch'' || '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''pat&lt;u&gt;ub&lt;/u&gt;'''....''wing''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''pat'''....''bird''
|-
| '''-ad'''....''language'' || '''-a''' + '''d(alzeyn)'''....''language'' || '''Frans&lt;u&gt;ad&lt;/u&gt;'''....''French (language)''
|-
| '''-uz'''....''jewelry'' || '''nuz'''....''jewel'' || '''teyob&lt;u&gt;uz&lt;/u&gt;'''....''necklace''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teyob'''....''neck''&lt;br&gt;'''teeb&lt;u&gt;uz&lt;/u&gt;'''....''earring''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''teeb'''....''ear''
|-
| '''-u(er)'''....''give'' || '''buer'''....''give'' || '''tiebal&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''exhale''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tieb'''....''lung''  +  '''al'''....''air'' 
|-
| '''-i(er)'''....''take'' || '''bier'''....''take'' || '''tiebal&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;er'''....''inhale''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tieb'''....''lung'' + '''al'''....''air''
|-
| '''-ui(er)'''....''exchange'' || '''buier'''....''exchange'' || '''tiebal&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;ier'''....''breathe''&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;'''tieb'''....''lung'' + '''al'''....''air''
|}

==== Derviational Suffixes ====

::: Mirad has only a few derivational suffixes, i.e. suffixes that change the part of speech.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Derivational Suffixes
|-
! Derivational&lt;br&gt;Suffix !! Function || Base Word &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt; Suffixed&lt;br&gt;Derivation
|-
| '''-er''' || Noun &lt;br&gt;--&gt; Verbal Infinitive || '''sag'''....''count'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''sag&lt;u&gt;er&lt;/u&gt;'''....''to count''
|-
| '''-n''' || Present Tense Verb &lt;br&gt;--&gt; Verbal Noun (Gerund)&lt;br&gt;Adjective &lt;br&gt;--&gt; Abstract Noun || '''yexe'''....''(he/she/...) works'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''yexe&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''working''&lt;br&gt;'''via'''....''beautiful'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''via&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''beauty''&lt;br&gt;'''yuba'''....''near'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''yuba&lt;u&gt;n&lt;/u&gt;'''....''proximity, nearness''
|-
| '''-a''' || Noun &lt;br&gt;--&gt; Adjective&lt;br&gt;Active Verb&lt;br&gt;--&gt; Verbal Adjective (Present Participle)&lt;br&gt;Past Passive Verb &lt;br&gt;--&gt; Perfect Passive Participle (Adjective)||'''mor'''....''universe'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''mor&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''universal''&lt;br&gt;'''ake'''....''wins'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''ake&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''winning''&lt;br&gt;'''teatwa'''....''was seen'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''teatwa&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' (or, shortened to: '''teatw&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''seen'') 
|-
| '''-ya''' || INTRANSITIVE VERB STEM &lt;br&gt;--&gt; PAST ACTIVE PARTICIPLE || '''ip-'''....''go away'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''ip&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gone away''
|-
| '''-yea''' || VERB STEM &lt;br&gt;--&gt; HABITUAL PRESENT PARTICIPLE (ADJECTIVE) || '''zaypas-'''....''progress'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''zaypas&lt;u&gt;yea&lt;/u&gt;'''....''progressive''
|-
| '''-y''' || ADJECTIVE &lt;br&gt;--&gt; ADVERB ||  '''iga'''....''quick'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''iga&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;'''....''quickly''&lt;br&gt;'''tea-'''....''knowing''&lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''tea&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;'''....''knowingly''
|-
| '''-ut''' || VERB STEM &lt;br&gt;--&gt; ANIMATE AGENT NOUN ''one who Xes, -er'' || '''ak-'''....''win'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''ak&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;''' ....''winner''
|-
| '''-us''' || VERB STEM &lt;br&gt;--&gt; INANIMATE AGENT NOUN ''thing that Xes, -er'' || '''gol-'''....''divide'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt; '''gol&lt;u&gt;us&lt;/u&gt;''' ....''divisor''
|-
|- '''-t''' || ADJECTIVE &lt;br&gt;--&gt; ANIMATE NOUN (human, one who is...) || '''yibtrawa'''....''well-known'' &lt;big&gt;-&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''yibtrawa&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;'''....''celebrity''
|-
|- '''-s''' || ADJECTIVE &lt;br&gt;--&gt; INANIMATE NOUN (thing, something X) || '''otwa'''....''unknown'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;br&gt;--&gt;&lt;/big&gt;'''otwa&lt;u&gt;s&lt;/u&gt;'''....''mystery''
|}

::: &lt;small&gt;*Derivational affixes change the part of speech of a base word, whereas inflexional affixes change the status of a word within a grammatical paradigm.  Verb tense/mood/voice affixes and the plural marker '''-i''' fall under the latter category.&lt;/small&gt;

==== Normal Semantic Suffixes====
:* Augmentative Suffixes

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Augmentative Suffixes
|-
! Augmentative Suffix !! Base Word !! Suffixed Derivation
|-
| '''-ag''' (augmentative) || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tamag'''....''mansion''
|-
| '''-ayg''' (affectionate augmentative) || '''sem'''....''chair'' || '''semayg'''....''big old chair''
|-
| '''-yag''' (pejorative augmentative) || '''apet'''....''horse'' || '''apetyag'''....''nag''
|}

:* Diminutive Suffixes

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Diminutive Suffixes
|-
! Diminutive Suffix !! Base Word !! Suffixed Derivation
|-
| '''-og''' (diminutive) || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tamog'''....''hut''
|-
| '''-oyg''' (affectionate diminutive) || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tamoyg'''....''cottage''
|-
| '''-yog''' (pejorative diminutive) || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tamyog'''....''shack''
|-
| '''-et''' (a smaller person) || '''twob'''....''man'' || '''twobet'''....''boy''
|-
| '''-es''' (thing of lesser importance) || '''nas'''....''money'' || '''nases'''....''change, coin''
|-
| '''-ud''' (child of, offspring) || '''tob'''....''man'' || '''tobud'''....''infant''
|}

:* Semantic Adjectival Suffixes

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Semantic Adjectival Suffixes
|-
! Adjectival Suffix !! Meaning !! Base Word !! Suffixed Derivation
|-
| '''-a''' || '''mor'''....''universe'' || ''related to, -al, -ic'' || '''mora'''....''universal''
|-
| '''-aya''' || '''miek'''....''dust'' || ''full of, -ous, -y'' || '''miekaya'''....''dusty''
|-
| '''-oya''' || '''vyun'''....''spot'' || ''empty of, -less, -free'' || '''vyunoya'''....''spotless''
|-
| '''-ika''' || '''miek'''....''dust'' || ''full of, -ous, -y'' || '''miekika'''....''dusty''
|-
| '''-uka''' || '''miek'''....''dust'' || ''empty of, -less, -free'' || '''miekuka'''....''dust-free''
|-
| '''-yea''' || '''vyod'''....''lie'' || ''given to doing X, -ive'' || '''vyodyea'''....''mendacious, given to lying''
|-
| '''-yena''' || '''tat'''....''angel'' || ''like, -ly, -ic'' || '''tatyena'''....''angelic''
|}
:*  Other Semantic Suffixes

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Other Semantic Suffixes
|-
! Suffix !! Base Word || Derivation
|-
| '''-tun'''....''science, ...ology'' || '''tej'''....''life'' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;tun&lt;/u&gt;'''....''biology''
|-
| '''-tut'''....''-ologist, expert, -ist'' || '''dar'''....''language'' || '''dar&lt;u&gt;tut&lt;/u&gt;'''....''linquist''
|-
| '''-tuin'''....''theory'' || '''tob'''....''mar'' ||  '''mar&lt;u&gt;tuin&lt;/u&gt;'''....''astrology''
|-
| '''-yan'''....''collection, aggregate'' || '''fab'''....''tree''|| '''fab&lt;u&gt;yan&lt;/u&gt;'''....''forest''
|-
|'''-tyen'''....''trade, -ics'' ||  '''sir'''....''machine'' || '''sir&lt;u&gt;tyen&lt;/u&gt;'''....''mechanics''
|-
| '''-if'''....''pet name'' || '''twed'''....''father'' || '''twed&lt;u&gt;if&lt;/u&gt;'''....''papa''
|-
| '''ifa'''....''-philic, -loving'' || '''dyes'''....''book'' || '''dyes&lt;u&gt;ifa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bibliophilic''
|-
| '''ifwa'''....''liked by'' || '''tyod'''....''people'' || '''tyod&lt;u&gt;ifwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''popular''
|-
| '''ufa'''....''-phobic, -hating'' || '''toyb'''....''woman'' || '''toyb&lt;u&gt;ufa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''misogynous''
|-
| '''ufwa'''....''hated by'' || '''tyod'''....''people'' || '''tyod&lt;u&gt;ufwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''unpopular''
|-
| '''yafa'''....''able to'' || '''tyoyap-'''....''walk'' || '''tyoyap&lt;u&gt;yafa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''ambulatory''
|-
| '''yafwa'''....''possible to'' || '''teat-'''....''see'' || '''teat&lt;u&gt;yafwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''visible''
|-
| '''yofa'''....''unable to'' || '''teat-'''....''see'' || '''teat&lt;u&gt;yofa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''blind''
|-
| '''yofwa'''....''impossible to'' || '''dye-'''....''read'' || '''dye&lt;u&gt;yofwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''illegible''
|-
| '''yika'''....''hard of...ing'' || '''teet-'''....''hear'' || '''teet&lt;u&gt;yika&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hard of hearing''
|-
| '''yikwa'''....''hard to'' || '''teet-'''....''hear'' || '''teet&lt;u&gt;yikwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hard to hear''
|- 
| '''yuka'''....''easy at...ing'' || '''vatex-'''....''believe'' || '''vatex&lt;u&gt;yuka&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gullible''
|-
| '''yukwa'''....''easily...ed'' || '''test-'''....''understand'' || '''test&lt;u&gt;yukwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''easily understood''
|-
| '''yufa'''....''fearful of, -phobic'' || '''tot'''....''god'' || '''tot&lt;u&gt;yufa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''god-fearing''
|-
| '''yufwa'''....''feared'' || '''hyat'''....''everybody'' || '''hyat&lt;u&gt;yufwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''feared by all''
|-
| '''yiva'''....''free to'' || '''kebi-'''....''choose'' || '''kebi&lt;u&gt;yiva&lt;/u&gt;'''....''free to choose''
|-
| '''efa'''....''needful of'' || '''tel'''....''food'' || '''tel&lt;u&gt;efa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''hungry''
|-
| '''efwa'''....''necessary to'' || '''tej'''....''life'' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;efa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''vital''
|-
| '''yefa'''....''duty-bound to, -worthy of'' || '''dud'''....''answer'' || '''dud&lt;u&gt;yefa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''responsible''
|-
| '''yefwa'''....''due, -worthy of'' || '''fid-'''....''laud'' || '''fid&lt;u&gt;yefwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''praiseworthy''
|-
| '''afa'''....''authorized to'' || '''dokebi-'''....''vote'' || '''dokebi&lt;u&gt;afa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''franchised''
|-
| '''ofwa'''....''prohibited to'' || '''movi-'''....''smoke'' || '''movi&lt;u&gt;ofwa&lt;/u&gt;gonem'''....''no-smoking zone''
|-
| '''yiva'''....''free to'' || '''kebi-'''....''choose'' || '''kebi&lt;u&gt;yiva&lt;/u&gt;'''....''free to choose''
|-
| '''yivwa'''....''free to be ...ed'' || '''kebi-'''....''choose'' || '''kebi&lt;u&gt;yivwa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''optional''
|-
| '''yuva'''....''bound'' || '''tam'''....''house'' || '''tam&lt;u&gt;yuva&lt;/u&gt;'''....''house-bound''
|-
| '''ova'''....''resistant, anti-'' || '''aagdovyab'''....''constitution'' || '''aagdovyab&lt;u&gt;ova&lt;/u&gt;'''....''anti-constitutional''
|-
| '''ava'''....''in favor of, pro-'' || '''tyodab'''....''democracy'' || '''tyodab&lt;u&gt;ava&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pro-democracy''
|-
| '''eva'''....''neutral'' || '''toos'''....''gender'' || '''toos&lt;u&gt;eva&lt;/u&gt;'''....''gender-neutral''
|}
==== Inflectional Suffixes ====
: Mirad has only one noun inflectional suffix, namely, '''-''', which makes a singular noun plural:

::* '''tam'''....''house'' --&gt; '''tam&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''....''houses''

: The only other inflectional affixes are the following verb infixes and suffixes:

::* '''-er'''....infinitive
::* '''-e'''....present tense
::* '''-a'''....past tense
::* '''-o'''....future tense
::* '''-u'''....hypothetical mood
::* '''-e-'''....''progressive aspect''
::* '''-a-'''....''perfect aspect''
::* '''-o-'''....''immediate aspect''
::* '''-u-'''....''conditional aspect''
::* '''-y-'''....''active voice''
::* '''-w-'''....''passive voice''

: Example:

:* '''Wit tuj&lt;u&gt;eya&lt;/u&gt; hoj van at pua.'''....''He &lt;u&gt;was sleeping&lt;/u&gt; when I arrived.''
::* '''-e-''' = progressive aspect infix
::* '''-y-''' = active voice infix
::* '''-a'''  = past tense suffix

=== Rule #3: Ordinal Vowel Scaling ===

: Creating a hierarchy of scalar terms applies only to base words of the Group 1.  The hierarchy of scalar terms is built by increasing the numeric value of the ordinal vowel of the base word as the importance or relevance of the word decreases from the topmost, zeroth object.  This process is called '''''first-level ordinal scaling'''''.

==== First-level Ordinal Scaling ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ First-level Ordinal Scaling
|- valign=top
! ORDINAL VOWEL !! t...b !! m...r !! j...b !! m...s !! t...m !! d...b || f...b || s...m || d...t || t...d
|-
!row=1| '''o''' = 0 
|'''tob'''&lt;br&gt;''man'' || '''mor'''&lt;br&gt;''universe'' || '''job'''&lt;br&gt;''time'' || '''mos'''&lt;br&gt;''floor''|| '''tom'''&lt;br&gt;''building'' || '''dob'''&lt;br&gt;''state'' || '''fob'''&lt;br&gt;''plant'' || '''som'''&lt;br&gt;''furniture''||'''dot'''&lt;br&gt;''society''||'''tod'''&lt;br&gt;''family''
|-
!row=1| '''a''' = 1 
|'''tab'''&lt;br&gt;''body'' || '''mar'''&lt;br&gt;''sun'' || '''jab'''&lt;br&gt;''year'' || '''mas'''&lt;br&gt;''wall'' || '''tam'''&lt;br&gt;''house'' || '''dab'''&lt;br&gt;''government'' || '''fab'''&lt;br&gt;''tree'' || '''sam'''&lt;br&gt;''armoire''||'''dat'''&lt;br&gt;''friend'' || '''tad'''&lt;br&gt;''spouse''
|-
!row=1| '''e''' = 2 
|'''teb'''&lt;br&gt;''head'' || '''mer'''&lt;br&gt;''planet'' || '''jeb'''&lt;br&gt;''season''|| '''mes'''&lt;br&gt;''door'' || '''tem'''&lt;br&gt;''hall'' || '''deb'''&lt;br&gt;''leader'' || '''feb'''&lt;br&gt;''fruit'' || '''sem'''&lt;br&gt;''table''||'''det'''&lt;br&gt;''associate'' || '''ted'''&lt;br&gt;''parent''
|-
!row=1| '''i''' = 3 
|'''tib'''&lt;br&gt;''trunk'' || '''mir'''&lt;br&gt;''earth'' || '''jib'''&lt;br&gt;''month'' || '''mis'''&lt;br&gt;''window'' || '''tim'''&lt;br&gt;''room'' || '''dib'''&lt;br&gt;''office'' || '''fib'''&lt;br&gt;''tree trunk'' || '''sim'''&lt;br&gt;''chair''||'''dit'''&lt;br&gt;''citizen'' || '''tid'''&lt;br&gt;''sibling''
|-
!row=1| '''u''' = 4 
|'''tub'''&lt;br&gt;''arm'' || '''mur'''&lt;br&gt;''moon'' || '''jub'''&lt;br&gt;''day'' || '''mus'''&lt;br&gt;''stairs'' || '''tum'''&lt;br&gt;''cell'' || '''dub'''&lt;br&gt;''minister'' || '''fub'''&lt;br&gt;''branch'' || '''sum'''&lt;br&gt;''bed''||'''dut'''&lt;br&gt;''gentleperson'' || '''tud'''&lt;br&gt;''child''
|-
!row=1| '''yo''' = 5 
|'''tyob'''&lt;br&gt;''leg'' || || '''jyob*'''&lt;br&gt;''hour'' || || || || '''fyob'''&lt;br&gt;''root'' || || || '''tyod'''&lt;br&gt;''people''
|}

::: &lt;small&gt;* The palatal glide '''y''' in these words, which follows a palatal '''j''' is hard to pronounce, so the '''y''' is replaced with a '''w''', giving '''jwob''', '''jwab''', and '''jweb'''.&lt;/small&gt;

==== Second-level Ordinal Scaling ====

:: A second-level hierarchy of scalar words can be creating by adding an ordinal vowel immediately after a word's stem vowel.  

::: Examples:
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Second-level Ordinal Scaling
|-
! '''mi...p''' !! '''me...p''' !! '''tu...b''' !! '''tyo...b'''!! '''ma...f''' !! '''me...g''' !! '''do...b'''
|-
| '''mip'''&lt;br&gt;''river'' || '''mep'''&lt;br&gt;''way'' || '''tub'''&lt;br&gt;''arm'' || '''tyob'''&lt;br&gt;''leg'' || '''maf'''&lt;br&gt;''cloud'' || '''meg'''&lt;br&gt;''stone'' || '''dob'''&lt;br&gt;''state''
|-
| '''mi&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;p'''&lt;br&gt;''stream'' || '''meap'''&lt;br&gt;''road'' || '''tuab'''&lt;br&gt;''shoulder'' || '''tyoab'''&lt;br&gt;''hip''|| '''maaf'''&lt;br&gt;''stratus'' || '''meag'''&lt;br&gt;''marble'' || '''doab'''...''fatherland''
|-
| '''mi&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;p'''&lt;br&gt;''brook'' || '''meep'''&lt;br&gt;''path'' || '''tueb'''&lt;br&gt;''upper arm'' || '''tyoeb'''&lt;br&gt;''thigh''|| '''maef'''&lt;br&gt;''cumulus'' || '''meeg'''&lt;br&gt;''slate'' || '''doeb'''&lt;br&gt;''province, state''
|-
| '''mi&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;p'''&lt;br&gt;''rivulet'' || '''meip'''&lt;br&gt;''trail'' || '''tuib'''&lt;br&gt;''elbow'' || '''tyoib'''&lt;br&gt;''knee''|| '''maif'''&lt;br&gt;''stratocumulus'' || '''meig'''&lt;br&gt;''granite'' || '''doib'''&lt;br&gt;''county, shire''
|-
| '''mi&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;p'''&lt;br&gt;''torrent'' || '''meup'''&lt;br&gt;''track'' || '''tuub'''&lt;br&gt;''forearm'' || '''tyoub'''&lt;br&gt;''shin''|| '''mauf'''&lt;br&gt;''cumulonimbus'' || '''meug'''&lt;br&gt;''clay, dough'' || '''doub'''&lt;br&gt;''district''
|-
| '''mi&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;p'''&lt;br&gt;''trickle'' ||  || '''tuyob'''&lt;br&gt;''wrist'' || '''tyoyob'''&lt;br&gt;''ankle''||'''mayof'''&lt;br&gt;''nimbostatus'' || '''meyog'''&lt;br&gt;''china'' ||
|-
|  ||  || '''tu&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;b'''&lt;br&gt;''hand'' || '''tyoyab'''&lt;br&gt;''foot''||'''mayaf'''&lt;br&gt;''altostratus'' || '''meyag'''&lt;br&gt;''chalk'' ||
|-
|  ||  || '''tu&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;b'''&lt;br&gt;''fist'' || '''tyoyeb'''&lt;br&gt;''heel''|| '''mayef'''&lt;br&gt;''altocumulus'' || '''meyeg'''&lt;br&gt;''limestone'' ||
|-
|  ||  || '''tu&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;b'''&lt;br&gt;''palm'' || '''tyoyib'''&lt;br&gt;''sole''|| '''mayif'''&lt;br&gt;''cirrus'' || '''meyig'''&lt;br&gt;''alabaster'' || 
|-
|  ||  || '''tu&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;b'''&lt;br&gt;''finger'' || '''tyoyub'''&lt;br&gt;''toe''|| '''mayuf'''&lt;br&gt;''cirrostratus'' || '''meyug'''&lt;br&gt;''gypsum''||
|-
|  ||  || '''tu&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;b'''&lt;br&gt;''fingernail'' || '''tyolob'''&lt;br&gt;''toenail''||'''malof'''&lt;br&gt;''cirrocumulus'' ||
|}

==== Third-level Ordinal Scaling ====

::: A third-level hierarchy can be created by prefixing an ordinal number vowel to the word.

::: Example:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Third-level Ordinal Scaling
|-
! '''tuyub'''....''finger'' 
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;tuyub'''....''thumb''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;tuyub'''....''index''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;tuyub'''....''middle finger''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;tuyub'''....''ring finger''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;tuyub'''....''pinky''
|}

::: So, to sum up, we have:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:6.4em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Summary of Scaling
|-
! '''t...b''' !! '''tob''' = ''human being''
|-
| FIRST-LEVEL || '''tub'''....''arm''
|-
| SECOND-LEVEL || '''tuyub'''....''finger''
|-
| THIRD-LEVEL || '''atuyub'''....''thumb''
|}

==== Scaling with Prefixed Numbering ====

::: We can also obtain a very convenient classification for new words by prefixing an ordinal vowel even though there is no first-level or second-level numbering. In this case, the first level usually begins with '''a'''.

::: Example:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Prefix Numbering
|-
! align=left | NUMBER || '''dob'''....''state'' !!  '''deb'''....''leader'' !! '''mez'''....''gem'' !! '''mer'''....''planet'' || '''maf'''....''cloud'' || '''sagtun'''....''mathematics''
|-
! 1
| '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''empire'' || '''adeb'''....''emperor'' || '''amez'''....''diamond'' || '''Amer'''....''Mercury'' || '''amaf'''....''nimbus'' || '''asagtun'''....''arithmetic''
|-
! 2
| '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''kingdom'' || '''edeb'''....''king'' || '''emez'''....''topaz'' || '''Emer'''....''Venus'' || '''emaf'''....''stratus'' || '''esagtun'''....''geometry''
|-
! 3
| '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''principality'' ||  '''ideb'''....''prince'' || '''imez'''....''ruby'' || '''Imer'''....''Earth'' || '''imaf'''....''nimbostatus'' || '''isagtun'''....''algebra''
|-
! 4
| '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''duchy'' ||  '''udeb'''....''duke'' || '''umez'''....''emerald'' ||'''Umer'''....''Mars'' || '''umaf'''....''cumulus'' || '''usagtun'''....''trigonometry''
|-
! 5
| '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''marquisate'' || '''yodeb'''....''marquis'' || '''yomez'''....''saphire'' || '''Yomer'''....''Jupiter'' || '''yomaf'''....''cumulostatus'' || '''yosagtun'''....''calculus''
|-
! 6
| '''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''county''  || '''yadeb'''....''count'' || '''yamez'''....''lapis lazuli'' || '''Yamer'''....''Saturn'' || '''yamaf'''....''stratocumulus'' ||
|-
! 7
| '''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''dominion'' ||  '''yedeb'''....''lord'' || '''yemez'''....''amthyst'' || '''Yemer'''....''Uranus'' || '''yemaf'''....''altocumulus'' ||
|-
! 8
| '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''viscounty'' || '''yideb'''....''viscount'' || '''yimez'''....''amber'' ||'''Yimer'''....''Pluto'' || '''yimaf'''....''altostratus'' ||
|-
! 9
| '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''barony'' ||  '''yudeb'''....''baron'' || '''yumez'''....''topaz'' ||  || '''yumaf'''....''cirrocumulus'' ||
|-
! 10
| '''&lt;u&gt;alo&lt;/u&gt;dob'''....''tribe'' || '''alodeb'''....''tribal chief'' || '''alomez'''....''opal'' || || '''alomaf'''....''cirrus'' ||
|}

=== Rule #4: Overlapping ===
: When combining two words, if the generic (final) consonant of the first word is the same as the classifier (first) consonant of the second word, the generic consonant of the determining word is dropped.  This results in '''''overlapping''''' or a '''''portmanteau'''''.

: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Overlapping in Compounds
|-
! First Word !! Second Word !! Portmanteau
|-
| '''dom'''....''city'' || '''mep'''....''road'' || '''domep'''....''boulevard''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''teub'''....''mouth'' || '''pateub'''....''beak''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''patub'''....''wing''
|-
| '''teupib'''....''tooth'' || '''byok'''....''pain'' || '''teypibyok'''....''toothache''
|}

: In some cases, this type of overlapping can cause ambiguity, and is therefore avoided.

=== Rule #5: Adding Ordinal Vowels ===
: When forming a compound word with the words of a same family of terms, if the ordinal vowel is an '''o''', replace it with the ordinal vowel of the determinant word.

: Examples:

::* '''edob'''....''kingdom''      -&gt; '''deb'''....''chief''  -&gt; '''edeb'''....''monarch'' ('''edweb'''....''king'', '''edeyb'''....''queen'')
::* '''udob'''....''principality'' -&gt; '''deb'''....''chief''  -&gt; '''udeb'''....''prince'' ('''udweb'''....''prince'', '''udeyb'''....''princess'')

: By contrast, if the two words are already ordered, the vowel of the determinant (first word) is inserted between the ordinal vowel of the determined (second) word and the generic (final) consonant:

: Examples:

: '''mil'''....''water''   +   '''mal'''....''air''  -&gt;  '''mial'''....''vapor, steam''

=== Rule #6: Swapping Generic Consonants ===
: When the generic (final) consonant of a base word is replaced by that of another base word, the entire family of the latter undergoes the transformation by the new generic consonant. 

: Example:
&lt;b&gt;to&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x21D8;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;b&gt;-b&lt;/b&gt; = &lt;i&gt;organism&lt;/i&gt;)
  (&lt;b&gt;t-&lt;/b&gt; = &lt;i&gt;human&lt;/i&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;rArr;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;tof&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;clothing, apparel&lt;/i&gt;
  (&lt;b&gt;n-&lt;/b&gt; = &lt;i&gt;commercial&lt;/i&gt;)&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;rArr;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;nof&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;cloth, fabric&lt;/i&gt; 
&lt;b&gt;no&lt;u&gt;f&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;#x21D7;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;b&gt;-f&lt;/b&gt; = &lt;i&gt;cloth&lt;/i&gt;)

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Swapping Generic Consonants
|-
! Base Word 1 !! Base Word 2 !! Derived Word
|-
| '''tob'''....''human'' || '''nov'''....''linen'' || '''tov'''....''lingerie''
|-
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''taf'''....''suit''
|-
| '''teb'''....''head'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''tef'''....''hat''
|-
| '''tib'''....''trunk'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''tif'''....''vest''
|-
| '''tyoyab'''....''foot'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''tyoyaf'''....''shoe''
|-
| '''tyoyab'''....''foot'' || '''nov'''....''linen'' || '''tyoyav'''....''sock''
|-
| '''tuyab'''....''hand''  || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''tuyaf'''....''glove''
|-
| '''doob'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''nation'' || '''nof'''....''cloth'' || '''doof'''....''flag''
|-
| '''taob'''&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;....''flesh'' || '''tol'''....''food'' || '''taol'''....''meat''
|}

:&lt;small&gt;* This is a derived, not base, word, but the principle holds.&lt;/small&gt;

=== Rule #7: Marking Words for Gender ===
: Words in Mirad are neutral with respect to gender, but specifically masculine or feminine gender can be marked in nouns and pronouns with the use of the masculine infix '''w''' and the feminine infix '''y'''.  If the noun or pronoun is animate, then gender can marked.  If the noun or pronoun is inanimate, then it can be marked for predominate use by or reference to a male or female.

::* To make a neutral animate noun or pronoun specifically male, precede the ordinal (stem) vowel with '''w'''.
::* To make a neutral animate noun or pronoun specifically female, follow the ordinal (stem) vowel with '''y'''.

: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Marking Animate Nouns for Gender
|-
! Gender-Neutral !! Male !! Female
|-
| '''tob'''....''human being'' || '''twob'''....''man'' || '''toyb'''....''woman''
|-
| '''tobet'''....''young person'' || '''twobet'''....''boy'' || '''toybet'''....''girl''
|-
| '''ted'''....''parent'' || '''twed'''....''father'' || '''teyd'''....''mother''
|-
| '''it'''....''he/she/it'' || '''wit'''....''he'' || '''iyt'''....''she''
|-
| '''apat'''....''cock'' || '''apwat'''....''rooster'' || '''apayt'''....''hen''
|-
| '''toob'''....''gender'' || '''twoob'''....''male'' || '''tooyb'''....''female''
|}
::* Inanimate objects, such as items of clothing or body pats, can be &quot;feminized&quot; in a similar way.  In such a case, the feminized form refers to an object that is for women, rather than men, eg.:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Making Inanimate Objects Female-related
|-
! Male-oriented or Neutral !!  Female-oriented
|-
| '''taf'''....''suit'' || '''tayf'''....''dress''
|-
| '''tyoyav'''....''sock'' || '''tyoyayv'''....''stockings''
|-
| '''tiav'''....''shirt'' || '''tiayv'''....''blouse''
|}

::* Some body parts can be marked for maleness or femaleness:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Body Parts Genderized
|-
! Neutral !! Male-oriented !!  Female-oriented
|-
| '''tilab'''....''breast'' || '''twilab'''....''male breast'' || '''tilayb'''....''female breast''
|-
| || '''twiyib'''....''testicals'' || '''tiyiyb'''....''ovary''
|-
| '''tiyub'''....''sexual organ'' || '''twiyub'''....''penis'' || '''tiyuyb'''....''vagina''
|}

::* In nouns that end in '''-ut''', the agentive suffix meaning ''-er, one who...'', the nouns can be feminized by changing '''-ut''' to '''-uyt''', eg. '''dezut'''....''actor'' -&gt; '''dezuyt'''....''actress''.  Because the stem of such words is often a verb, prefixing '''-ut''' with '''w''' to make it specifically male is normally not done, because the '''w''' can sometimes be confused with the passive voice marker.  For this reason, a word like '''dezut''' can mean ''actor'' of neutral or male gender.

::* Animate nouns having the ending '''-et''' (smaller version of some person), are genderized by adding '''w''' or '''y''' to the semantic base of the word, eg. '''tobet'''....''child, youth'' -&gt; '''toybet'''....''girl'' or '''twobet'''....''boy''.

=== Rule #8: Deriving Words with Geo-specific Vowels ===

: A series of related words can be derived from a Group 1 base word by replacing the ordinal vowel with one of the following vowels, which have certain specific geographic meanings.

: Geo-specific Vowels:

&lt;div style=&quot;background: lightyellow&quot;&gt;
::* '''o'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''outer space, abstract object, initial stuff'''
::* '''a'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''sky, air, gas'''
::* '''e'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''land, soil, solid'''
::* '''i'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''sea, water, liquid'''
::* '''u'''&lt;big&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/big&gt;'''underground, mineral, concrete object, other'''
&lt;/div&gt;

:: Examples:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Deriving Words with Geo-specific Vowels
|-
!  !!'''m...p''' !! '''m...m''' !! '''d...p''' !! '''p...t''' !! '''m...l'''
|-
! Space
| '''mop'''....''orbit'' || '''mom'''....''space'' || '''dop'''....''military'' || '''pot'''....||'''mol'''....''nature''
|-
! Sky
| '''map'''....''wind'' || '''mam'''....''sky'' || '''dap'''....''air force'' || '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''mal'''....''air''
|-
! Land
| '''mep'''....''road''|| '''mem'''....''land''|| '''dep'''....''army'' || '''pet'''....''land animal'' || '''mel'''....''soil''
|-
! Water
| '''mip'''....''river''|| '''mim'''....''sea''|| '''dip'''....''marine force'' || '''pit'''....''fish'' || '''mil'''....''water''
|-
! Underground (or other)
| '''mup'''....''tunnel''|| '''mum'''....''underground'' ||  ||  || '''mul'''....''stuff''
|}

: This vowel codification also allows generating other categories of words by infixing, just before the generic (final) consonant, a vowel having the value that is attributed to it in Rule #9.  This creates &quot;hybrid&quot; nouns.  See the chapter on [[Mirad Grammar/Hybrids|Hybrids]] for more on this subject.

:: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Hybrid nouns
|-
! First-level Derivation !! + Geospecific Vowel !! Second-level Derivation
|-
| '''pet'''....''land animal''  || '''i'''....''water, sea''|| '''pe&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''aquatic mammal''
|-
| '''pelt'''....''insect'' || '''a'''....''air, sky''|| '''pel&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''flying insect'' 
|-
| '''mel'''....''soil'' || '''i'''....''water, sea'' || '''me&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;l'''....''mud''
|-
| '''mil'''....''water'' || '''a'''....''air, gas'' || '''mi&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;l'''....''vapor''
|}

=== Rule #9: Deriving Words with Vectorial Vowels ===
: The rule for deriving words with vectorial ( = directional and positional) vowels starts with the following schema:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Vectorial Vowel Values
|-
| colspan=8 align=center | '''A'''
|-
| rowspan=6 align=center | '''U''' ||  || '''a'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt; || &lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' || &lt;big&gt;↑&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;''' ||'''ya'''&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; ||  || rowspan=6 align=center | '''I''' 
|-
| '''u''' → || || '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;'''||'''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;''' || || → '''i'''
|-
| → '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;''' || ||'''e''' ||'''ye''' || || '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' →
|-
| → '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;''' || || colspan=2 align=center| '''E'''  || || '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;''' →
|-
| '''yu''' → || || || || || → '''yi'''
|-
|  || &lt;big&gt;↑&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''o''' || '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;↑&lt;big&gt;&lt;/big&gt; || '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;'''&lt;br&gt;&lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt; || &lt;big&gt;↓&lt;/big&gt;&lt;br&gt;'''yo''' || 
|-
| colspan=8 align=center| '''O'''
|}

:: Explanation of the above chart:

:::* If the vowel is capitalized, it indicates a '''''positional''''' value. It is used in its lowercase spelling as a prefix in Group I words.
:::* The non-capitalized vowels (including y-glides) indicate '''''directional''''' values.
:::* If the vowel is underlined, it means that it is placed '''''before''''' the classifier consonant (prefixed) in verbs and involves contact.
:::* Otherwise, a normal vowel means that it is placed '''''after''''' the classifier consonant (infixed) in Group 2 words and involves free movement. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:4.8em; font-size:smaller&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; 
|+ Explanation of the Vectorial Vowels Chart
|-
| '''A''' || position || || on, above, north || '''amer'''....''north''
|-
| '''a''' || movement || (free) || ''on'' || '''baer'''....''lean''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''onto''||'''aber'''....''put on''
|-
| '''ya''' || movement || (free) || ''up, ascend''|| '''byaer'''....''lift''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''up, get up, set up''|| '''yaber'''....''raise''
|-
| '''O''' || position || || under, lower, south|| '''omer'''....''south''
|-
| '''o''' || movement || (free) || ''off''|| '''boer'''....''hang''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''on the bottom of, underneath''|| '''oper'''....''get off''
|-
| '''yo''' || movement || (free) || ''down''|| '''pyoser'''....''fall''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''fall''|| '''yoper'''....''rise''
|-
| '''U''' || position || || left, west|| '''umer'''....''west''
|-
| '''u''' || movement || (free) || ''move toward the center, come''|| '''uber'''....''send''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''reach the center, arrive''|| '''pyuer'''....''reach''
|-
| '''yu''' || movement || (free) || ''near, approach''|| '''yuber'''....''approach''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''near, reach''|| '''byuser'''....''touch''
|-
| '''I''' || position || || right, east|| '''imer'''....''east''
|-
| '''i''' || movement || (free) || ''from the center out, go away''|| '''pier'''....''go away''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''from the center out, leave''|| '''iper'''....''leave''
|-
| '''yi''' || movement || (free) || ''away, go far''|| '''yiper'''....''go far''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;''' || movement || (contact) || ''from afar, originate''|| '''pyiser'''....''originate''
|-
| '''E''' || position || || center, equator|| '''emer'''....''equator''
|-
| '''e''' || rest ||  || ''between''|| '''eb'''....''between''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;''' || rest ||  || ''at, stay, hold''|| '''bexer'''....''hold''
|-
| '''ye''' || movement ||  || ''in, into, enter''|| '''yeper'''....''enter''
|-
| '''&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;''' ||  ||(contact)  || ''up against, strike''|| '''pyexer'''....''strike''
|}
==== Special value of certain vowels ====

: The prefixes '''a-''' or '''an-''' meaning ''one, sole, singular'':
::* '''aot'''....''person, individual''
::* '''anota'''....''alone, solitary''
::* '''anay'''....''only''
::* '''aun'''....''unit''
: The prefixes '''ya-''' or '''yan-''' meaning ''collection, plural'':
::* '''yat'''....''we, us''
::* '''yanot'''....''constituent''
::* '''yanota'''....''communal''
::* '''yanotyan'''....''community''
::* '''yan'''....''together''
: Also, the prefix '''yan-''' meaning ''together'' contrasts with '''yon-'''....''apart''.
::* '''yon'''....''apart''
::* '''yanota'''....''communal'' vs. '''yonota'''....''private''
::* '''yanxer'''....''to combine'' vs. '''yonxer'''....''to separate''

=== Rule #10: Deriving Words with Mnemonic Patterns ===
: Sometimes part of a derived word can serve as a mnemonic pattern for forming other words having some relationship or parallelism in meaning.

: For example, the mnemonic '''eu''' pattern from the word for mouth, '''teud''' can be used to form many other words having an oral, acoustic, vocal, or sound-related meaning:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Mnemonic Pattern Derivation
|-
! Pattern Word&lt;br&gt;'''teub'''....''mouth'' !! Classifier !! Generic
|-
| '''teud'''....''shout'' || '''t''' = human || '''d''' = communication
|-
| '''teuz'''....''voice'' || '''t''' = human || '''z''' = art
|-
| '''deuz'''....''song''  || '''d''' = communication || '''z''' = art
|-
| '''seuz'''....''tone''  || '''s''' = thing || '''z''' = art
|-
| '''seux'''....''sound'' || '''s''' = thing || '''x''' = action
|-
| '''xeus'''....''noise'' || '''x''' = action || '''s''' = thing
|-
| '''teuf'''....''muzzle'' || '''t''' = human || '''f''' = apparel
|-
| '''teuv'''....''mask'' || '''t''' = human || '''v''' = linen
|-
| '''teus'''....''taste''|| '''t''' = human || '''s''' = thing
|-
| '''deup'''....''rhythm''|| '''d''' = communication || '''p''' = ''motion''
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ More Mnemonic Pattern Derivations
|-
! Pattern Word&lt;br&gt;'''teab'''....''eye'' !! '''(t)ea-''' = ''see'' !! Generic
|-
| '''teaper'''....''visit'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''go''
|-
| '''teader'''....''witness'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''d''' = ''say''
|-
| '''teaxer'''....''look'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''teaser'''....''seem'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''s''' = ''be''
|-
| '''teater'''....''see'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''t''' = ''know''
|-
| '''keaxer'''....''scan''  || '''ke-''' = ''seek'' || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''vyaleaxer'''....''check''  || '''vyal-''' = ''certain''|| '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''yoneater'''....''distinguish'' || '''yon-''' = ''apart''|| '''t''' = ''know''
|-
| '''beaxer'''....''guard'' || '''be-''' = ''hold'' || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''teatier'''....''perceive'' || || '''-i-''' = subject-directed
|-
| '''teatuer'''....''show'' || || '''-u-''' = object-directed
|-
! Pattern Word&lt;br&gt;'''teeb'''....''ear'' !! '''(t)ee-''' = ''hear'' !! Generic
|-
| '''teeper'''....''attend'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''p''' = ''go''
|-
| '''teeder'''....''testify'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''d''' = ''say''
|-
| '''teexer'''....''listen'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''teeser'''....''sound (like)'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''s''' = ''be''
|-
| '''teeter'''....''hear'' || &quot; &quot; &quot; || '''t''' = ''know''
|-
| '''keexer'''....''scan (acoustically)''  || '''ke-''' = ''seek'' || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''koteexer'''....''snoop on''  || '''ko-''' = ''hide'' || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''vyaleexer'''....''sound out''  || '''vyal-''' = certain || '''x''' = ''do''
|-
| '''teetier'''....''get wind of'' || || '''-i-''' = subject-directed
|-
| '''teetuer'''....''make heard'' || || '''-u-''' = object-directed
|-
| '''zyateetuer'''....''rumor'' || '''zya-''' = ''all around'' || '''-u-''' = objected-directed
|}

: A syllable of a long compound can be suppressed as long as it does not cause ambiguity or confusion.

: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Shortening Long Compounds
|-
! Word 1 !! Word 2 !! Long Compound !! Shortened Compound
|-
| '''ekpet'''....''horse'' || '''teuder'''....''make a noise'' || *'''ekpeteuder''' || '''ekpeder'''....''neigh''
|- 
| '''serpyet'''....''snake'' || '''teuder'''....''make a noise'' || *'''serpyeteuder''' || '''sepyeder'''....''hiss''
|-
| '''vifeb'''....''grape'' || '''il'''....''liquid'' || *'''vifebil'''....''grape juice'' || '''vifil'''....''wine''
|-
| '''povob'''....''grain'' || '''il'''....''liquid'' || *'''povobil''' || '''povil'''....''beer''
|}
: Sometimes, the last syllable of a compound or last letters of a word will give birth to a new stubs whose derivations, through the application of this rule, will not be long.

: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ From Full Words to Stubs
|-
! Compound !! New Stub !! Derivation
|-
| '''tilabil'''....''breast milk'' || '''bil'''....''milk''|| '''bilyug'''....''butter''
|-
| '''fauf'''....''log'' || '''-uf'''....(stub suffix for types of) ''cylinder''|| '''muf'''....''rod, stick''
|-
| '''zyeg'''....''hole'' || '''-yeg'''....(stub suffix for types of) ''hole'', ''hollow thing''|| '''mufyeg'''....''pipe''
|}

: The clipped word '''bil''' now gives rise to other compounds:

::* '''bilyig'''....''cheese''
::* '''bilyigem'''....''cheese factory''
::* '''bilyug'''....''butter''
::* '''bilyugyena'''....''butter-like''
: The word '''mufyeg''' (Lit: hollow stick) means '''pipe, reed, cylinder'''

=== Rule #11: Deriving Nuanced Words Phonetically ===

: Words which follow Rule #11 are those that are connected by a similarity of meaning or quality. These words differ by nuances and it is phonetic nuances that govern their formation.

: These nuances are obtained by:

:* Addition of a subordinal vowel of the same type as the ordinal vowel.

:: These vowels are:

::: '''a''' for '''a''' and '''ya'''
::: '''e''' for '''e''' and '''ye'''
::: '''i''' for '''i''' and '''yi'''
::: '''o''' for '''o''' and '''yo'''
::: '''u''' for '''u''' and '''yu'''

:: Examples:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Creating Nuances with a Doubled Vowel
|-
! Word !! Nuanced Derivation
|-
| '''nad'''....''line'' || '''naad'''....''rail''
|-
| '''dob'''....''state'' || '''doob'''....''nation''
|-
| '''vyab'''....''rule'' || '''vyayab'''....''system''
|-
| '''boka'''....''sick'' || '''booka'''....''tired''
|-
| '''nog'''....''degree'' || '''noog'''....''phase''
|-
| '''bil'''....''milk'' || '''biil'''....''juice''
|}

:* Post-y-gliding the ordinal vowel or subordinal vowel, to produce a nuance of '''''less''''' intensity:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Deintensification with Post-y-gliding
|-
! Word !! Mitigated Derivation
|-
| '''ifer'''....''love'' || '''iyfer'''....''like''
|-
| '''iva'''....''happy'' || '''iyva'''....''glad''
|-
| '''zyutom'''....''tower'' || '''zyutoym'''....''turret''
|-
| '''ama'''....''hot'' || '''ayma'''....''warm''
|-
| '''oma'''....''cold'' || '''oyma'''....''cool''
|}

:* Pre-y-gliding the ordinal vowel or subordinal vowel, to produce a nuance of '''''greater''''' intensity:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Intensification with Pre-y-Gliding
|-
! Word !! Enhanced Derivation
|-
| '''pot'''....''wild animal'' || '''pyot'''....''predator animal''
|-
| '''pat'''....''bird'' || '''pyat'''....''bird of prey''
|-
| '''tod'''....''family'' || '''tyod'''....''people''
|-
| '''oma'''....''cold'' || '''yoma'''....''frozen''
|-
| '''nuxer'''....''pay'' || '''nyuxer'''....''deliver''
|-
| '''nexer'''....''save'' || '''nyexer'''....''store''
|}


:* Following the ordinal vowel or the consonant with the intensifying liquid '''l''' or the further intensifying liquid '''r''':

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Intensification with L and R
|-
! Word !! L-Intensitifed || R-Intensified
|-
| '''ifer'''....''love'' || '''ifler'''....''be fond of'' || '''ifrer'''....''adore''
|-
| '''iva'''....''happy'' || '''ivla'''....''content'' || '''ivra'''....''delighted''
|-
| '''vaa'''....''affirmative'' || '''vlaa'''....''sure'' || '''vraa'''....''indubitable''
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''agla'''....''huge'' || '''agra'''....''immense''
|-
| '''ga'''....''more'' || '''gala'''....''multiple'' || '''gara'''....''exponential''
|-
| '''baer'''....''lean on'' || '''baler'''....''press'' || '''barer'''....''crush''
|-
| '''yexer'''....''work'' || '''yexler'''....''labor'' || '''yexrer'''....''toil, slave''
|-
| '''yixer'''....''use'' || '''yixler'''....''hire'' || '''yixrer'''....''exploit''
|}
:* Adding consonants other than '''l''' or '''r''' as the generic consonant:

: Some words have so many nuanced varieties that other letters like '''t''', '''f''', '''s''', '''k''', and '''z''' are used, eg.:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Creating Nuances with Other Consonants
|-
! Word !! Nuanced Derivation
|-
| '''fia'''....''good'' || '''fika'''....''perfect''&lt;br&gt;'''fira'''....''excellent''
|-
| '''fua'''....''bad'' || '''futa'''....''wicked''&lt;br&gt;'''fura'''....''rotten''
|-
| '''gea'''....''equal'' || '''geta'''....''identical''&lt;br&gt;'''gela'''....''alike''
|-
| '''vyaa'''....''true'' || '''vyaka'''....''correct''&lt;br&gt;'''vyama'''....''real''
|-
| '''vyoa'''....''false'' || '''vyoka'''....''incorrect''&lt;br&gt;'''vyoma'''....''fake''
|-
| '''yiga'''....''hard'' || '''yigza'''....''sour''&lt;br&gt;'''yigla'''....''brusk''&lt;br&gt;'''yigra'''....''brutal''
|-
| '''yuga'''....''soft'' || '''yugfa'''....''smooth''&lt;br&gt;'''yugla'''....''tender''&lt;br&gt;'''yugra'''....''mild''
|}

:* Transforming the generic consonant from voiced to unvoiced or vice versa:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Voicing or Devoicing Consonants for Nuance
|-
! Word !! Nuanced Derivation 
|-
| '''nab'''....''row'' || '''nap'''....''order''
|-
| '''vyava'''....''just'' || '''vyafa'''....''precise''
|-
| '''jwab'''....''minute'' || '''jwap'''....''moment''
|-
| '''jweb'''....''second'' || '''jwep'''....''instant''
|-
| '''tab'''....''body'' || '''tap'''....''physique''
|-
| '''tob'''....''person'' || '''top'''....''soul, animus''
|-
| '''nov'''....''linen'' || '''nof'''....''cloth''
|-
| '''naz'''....''value'' || '''nas'''....''money''
|-
| '''nag'''....''dimension'' || '''nak'''...''unit of measurement''
|}
=== Rule #12: Reduplication ===
: Repeating a word, or '''''reduplication''''', is a way of intensifying it.  Here are some exampled of reduplication:

::* '''xeus'''....''noise'' --&gt; '''xeusxeus'''....''racket, hubbub, uproar''
::* '''pas'''....''movement'' --&gt; '''paspas'''....''commotion, bustle, tumult''
::* '''bas'''....''stir'' --&gt; '''basbas'''....''brouhaha, ado, kerfuffle''

== Technical Nomenclature ==
: The sections below describe how techical vocabulary is developed in Mirad.  In most cases, there are common, ordinary words, but these are supplemented with less common, technical terms that are usually somehow based on an international nomenclature standard.  Typically, the common words share a stem, which is prefixed with ordinal syllables that group words of the basis of some like features.  
=== Zoological Nomenclature ===
{{status|100%}}
[[File:Animal diversity.jpg|thumb|]]
: The names of animals are formed in a systematic way.
==== Base Names ====
: First of all, the base stem of all animal names (except human) begin with '''p''' (mobile) and end with '''t''' (sentient), the idea being that animals are moving, sentient creatures.

: The vowels in the stem are geo-specific and indicate whether the animal inhabits the air ('''a'''), water ('''i'''), land ('''e'''), or a hybrid of these; whether it is wild ('''o'''), tame, or predatory ('''y'''); and a few other features, as shown in the chart below:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Animal Base Names in Geo-specific Terms
|-
! Type !! Air = a !! Water = i !! Land = e !! Anywhere = o
|- valign=top
!row=1| Ordinary 
|'''pat'''....''bird'' || '''pit'''....''fish'' || '''pet'''....''domestic land animal'' || '''pot'''....''wild animal''
|- valign=top
!row=1| Predatory 
|'''pyat'''....''raptor'' || '''pyit'''....''predatory fish'' || '''pyet'''....''reptile'' ||'''pyot'''....''predatory animal''
|- valign=top
!row=1| Hybrid
|'''piat'''....''waterfowl''&lt;br&gt;'''pelat'''....''flying insect''&lt;br&gt;'''paet'''....''flightless bird'' ||'''piit'''....''crustacean''&lt;br&gt;'''pilt'''....''marine invertebrate''&lt;br&gt;'''peit'''....''mammalian fish''&lt;br&gt;'''pyeit'''....''mollusk''|| '''payet'''....''flying reptile''&lt;br&gt;'''piyet'''....''batracian''&lt;br&gt;'''peyet'''....''worm''&lt;br&gt;'''pelt'''....''insect'' ||'''piot'''....''aquatic mammal''
|}

==== Derived Names ====
: The names of different species of animals are derived by prefixing syllables to the base names that are obtained from the Latin names in the [https://www.itis.gov/| Linnaean taxonomy].  In that taxonomy, all of the dog or dog-like animal species are ranked under the family name '''Canidae''' (''canids'').  The family prefix is derived by taking the first syllable and spelling it in Mirad as it is pronounced in Latin.  ''Ca'' in Latin is pronounced '''ka'''.  See the table below in which Latin spellings are given in Mirad.  In this family, one dog species is domestic, Canis familiaris, while all the others are wild or predatory.  So, to derive the word for the common domesticated dog, we would affix the family taxonomic prefix '''ka''' to the base name for domestic land animal '''pet''', yielding '''kapet''' (''dog'').  All other members of the dog family end in '''pot''' (feral animal) or '''pyot''' (predatory animal).  The taxonomic prefix must contain at least one consonant and one vowel.  If not, the prefix derived from the Latin taxon is extended until that rule is met. The taxonomic syllables are prefixed to the base animal type name in reverse order of the Linnaean; for example, ''prairie dog'' (which is not a dog, but a rodent) is rendered by '''ci&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;xi&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;ro&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;pot''' from '''&lt;u&gt;Ro&lt;/u&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;dentia &lt;u&gt;Sci&lt;/u&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;uridae &lt;u&gt;Cy&lt;/u&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;nomys''', where '''pot''' is the basic animal type ''wild animal''.  All rodents have the taxonomic syllable '''ro''' from the Latin &quot;order&quot; taxon ''Rodentia'', while all squirrel names will have the syllable '''xi''' from a pronunciation spelling of the Latin &quot;family&quot; taxon ''&lt;u&gt;Sci&lt;/u&gt;uridae'' ('''&lt;u&gt;xi&lt;/u&gt;uriday''').  The following shows the system as it is applied to the dog family:

:: &lt;u&gt;Ca&lt;/u&gt;nidae (''dog family'')  &gt; 
::: '''&lt;u&gt;ka&lt;/u&gt;pet'''...''the common domestic dog'' (only one species, ''Canis familiaris'')
::: '''&lt;u&gt;ka&lt;/u&gt;pot'''...''wild dog''
::: '''&lt;u&gt;ka&lt;/u&gt;pyot'''...''predatory dog''

: Species under '''kapyot''' are derived by taking the first syllables of the respective Latin binomial (and sometimes trinomial) species names:
:: ''Canis &lt;u&gt;lu&lt;/u&gt;pus'' &gt; '''&lt;u&gt;lu&lt;/u&gt;kapyot'''...''gray wolf (or just wolf)''
:: ''Canis &lt;u&gt;la&lt;/u&gt;trans'' &gt; '''&lt;u&gt;la&lt;/u&gt;kapyot'''...''coyote, prairie wolf''
::: ''Canis latrans &lt;u&gt;les&lt;/u&gt;tes'' &gt; '''&lt;u&gt;les&lt;/u&gt;lakapyot'''...''mountain coyote''
:: ''Canis &lt;u&gt;au&lt;/u&gt;rus'' &gt; '''&lt;u&gt;aw&lt;/u&gt;kapyot''' &gt; ''jackal, golden jackal''
::: ''Canis aurus &lt;u&gt;cur&lt;/u&gt;ensis'' &gt; '''&lt;u&gt;kur&lt;/u&gt;awkapyot'''....''Indochinese jackal''
:: ''Canis &lt;u&gt;vul&lt;/u&gt;pus'' &gt; '''&lt;u&gt;vul&lt;/u&gt;kapyot'''...''fox, red fox''

: If the taxonomic syllable ends in a vowel and precedes another syllable beginning with a vowel, the first taxonomic syllable is extended until it ends in a consonant.  In the case of the Indochinese jackal, the base is '''awkapyot''' and the taxonomic syllable to be prefixed from ''curensis'' would normally be '''ku''', but it has to be extended to '''kur''' because the base begins in a vowel.

: The conversion of Latin/Greek spellings to Mirad is governed by the following chart:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Latin/Greek - Mirad correspondences
|-
! Latin/Greek Spelling !! Latin Sound !! Mirad Spelling !! Example
|-
| ''au'' || ''aw'' || '''aw''' || ''&lt;u&gt;au&lt;/u&gt;rus''....'''aw-'''
|-
| ''eu'' || ''ew'' || '''ew''' || ''&lt;u&gt;eu&lt;/u&gt;ropa''....'''ew-'''
|-
| ''ai''&lt;br&gt;''ae'' ||  ''ay'' || '''ay''' || ''&lt;u&gt;ae&lt;/u&gt;gyptus''....'''ay-'''
|-
| ''ei'' &lt;br&gt; ''ey'' || ''ey'' || '''ey''' || ''Rh&lt;u&gt;ei&lt;/u&gt;dae''....'''&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''oe'' || ''oy'' || '''oy''' || ''F&lt;u&gt;oe&lt;/u&gt;niculum''....'''oy'''
|-
| ''ua'' || ''wa'' || '''wa''' || ''s&lt;u&gt;ua&lt;/u&gt;vis''....'''s&lt;u&gt;wa&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''ca/co/cu'' || ''ka/ko/ku'' || '''ka/ko/ku''' || ''&lt;u&gt;ca&lt;/u&gt;nis''....'''&lt;u&gt;ka&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''ce/ci/cy''' || ''che/chi/chi'' || '''ce/ci/cy''' || ''&lt;u&gt;cy&lt;/u&gt;pris''....'''&lt;u&gt;ci&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''y'' || ''i'' || '''i''' || ''c&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;pris''....'''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''g''' || ''g'' || '''g''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Ge&lt;/u&gt;ococcyx''/''&lt;u&gt;Ga&lt;/u&gt;stropoda''....'''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''ch'' || ''k'' || '''k''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Chi&lt;/u&gt;roptera''....'''&lt;u&gt;ki&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''ph'' || ''f'' || '''f''' ||''S&lt;u&gt;ph&lt;/u&gt;yrapicus''....'''&lt;u&gt;f&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''rh'' || ''r'' || '''r''' || ''Rh&lt;u&gt;ei&lt;/u&gt;dae''....'''&lt;u&gt;ey&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''x'' || ''ks'' || '''ks''' || ''Lo&lt;u&gt;x&lt;/u&gt;odonta''....'''&lt;u&gt;ks&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''qu'' || ''kw'' || '''kw''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Qu&lt;/u&gt;ercus''....'''&lt;u&gt;kw&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''j'' || ''y'' || '''j''' || ''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt;lianus''....'''&lt;u&gt;ju&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''sci'' || ''shi'' || '''xi''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Sci&lt;/u&gt;uridae''....'''&lt;u&gt;xi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''th'' || ''t'' || '''t''' || ''&lt;u&gt;Th&lt;/u&gt;unnus''....'''&lt;u&gt;t&lt;/u&gt;'''
|-
| ''cci'' || ''ksi'' || '''ksi''' || ''Va&lt;u&gt;cc&lt;/u&gt;inus''....'''&lt;u&gt;ksi&lt;/u&gt;'''
|}

: Note that double consonants are counted as being two consonants in different syllables.  So, for example, the taxonomic syllable for ''Cinnamomum'' would be '''cin'''.
: The Latin letter ''j'' is represented in Mirad with '''j''' even though it is pronounced like a ''y''.  This is for better recognizability.

==== Genderized and Other Forms ====
: Form the female of an animal by inserting a '''y''' before the '''t''' of the base adult name:

::* '''kapet'''....''dog'' ====&gt; '''kape&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''bitch''
::* '''vulkapyot'''....''fox'' ====&gt; '''vulkapyo&lt;u&gt;y&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''vixen''

: Form the specific male of an animal by inserting a '''w''' right after the '''p''' of the base adult name, unless the base name begins with '''py''' in which case the '''w''' is inserted just before the '''t''' of the base name:

::* '''ekpet'''....''horse'' ====&gt; '''ekp&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;et'''....''stallion''
::* '''ovbopet'''....''sheep'' ====&gt; '''ovbop&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;et'''....''ram'' 
::* '''vulkapyot'''....''fox'' ====&gt; '''vulkpyo&lt;u&gt;w&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''dog fox''

: Form the gelded version of an animal by inserting an '''o''' after the ordinal vowel of the base male adult name:

::* '''bopet'''....''bovine'' ====&gt; '''bopwe&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''ox''
::* '''gafapat'''....''cock'' ====&gt; '''gafapwe&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;t'''....''capon''

: The offspring of an animal is formed by suffixing '''-ud''', the stub for '''tud'''....''child'':

::* '''ekpet'''....''horse'' ====&gt; '''ekpet&lt;u&gt;ud&lt;/u&gt;'''....''colt''
::* '''kapet'''....''dog'' ====&gt; '''kapet&lt;u&gt;ud&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pup''
::* '''ovbopet'''....''sheep'' ====&gt; '''ovbopet&lt;u&gt;ud&lt;/u&gt;'''....''lamb''

: The pet name of an animal is derived by suffixing '''-if''':

::* '''kapet'''....''dog'' ====&gt; '''kapet&lt;u&gt;if&lt;/u&gt;'''....''puppy''
::* '''fepet'''....''cat'' ====&gt; '''fepet&lt;u&gt;if&lt;/u&gt;'''....''kitty''

: The diminutive of an animal is formed by suffixing '''-og''':

::* '''supet'''....''pig'' ====&gt; '''supet&lt;u&gt;og&lt;/u&gt;'''....''piggy''
::* '''ekpet'''....''horse'' ====&gt; '''ekpet&lt;u&gt;og&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pony''

: Sometimes, the above derivations can be combined.  The animal '''ekpet'''....''horse'' can serve as an example:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Derivations of Horse
|-
! Variation !! Mirad Name !! English Name
|-
!row=1| Adult 
|'''ekpet'''||''horse''
|-
!row=1| Male 
| '''ekpwet'''||''stallion''
|-
!row=1| Female 
| '''ekpeyt'''||''mare''
|-
!row=1| Offspring 
| '''ekpetud'''||''colt''
|-
!row=1| Female Offspring 
| '''ekpetuyd'''||''filly''
|-
!row=1| Small adult 
|'''ekpetog'''||''pony''
|-
!row=1| Gelded 
| '''ekpweot'''||''gelding''
|}

==== Animal Sounds ====
: The sound that an animal makes can be derived by substituting the '''t''' of the base name with '''d''', the letter associated with communication.  The verb form ends in '''-der''':

::* '''ekpet'''....''horse'' ====&gt; '''ekpeder'''....''to neigh''
::* '''kapet'''....''dog'' ====&gt; '''kapeder'''....''to bark''
::* '''pat'''....''bird'' ====&gt; '''pader'''....''to tweet, chirp''
::* '''serpyet'''....''snake'' ====&gt; '''serpyeder'''....''to hiss''

: A collection of animals can be derived by suffixing '''-yan''' or '''-nyan''':

::* '''lepanfepyot'''....''lion'' ====&gt; '''lepanfepyotyan'''....''a pride of lions''
::* '''ovbopet'''....''sheep'' ====&gt; '''ovbopetyan'''....''a herd of sheep''
::* '''pit'''....''fish'' ====&gt; '''pityan'''....''a school of fish''

: Motions that animals make can be derived by replacing the final '''t''' of the base name with '''-per'''....''to go'':

::* '''serpyet'''....''snake'' ====&gt; '''serpeper'''....''to slither''
::* '''lapet'''....''rabbit'' ====&gt; '''lapeper'''....''to hop''
::* '''ekpet'''....''horse'' ====&gt; '''ekpeper'''....''to gallop''

: The food name associated with an animal can be derived by ending the animal or animal part name in '''l''' (a stub for '''tel''', meaning ''food''):

::* '''supet'''....''pig'' ====&gt; '''supel'''....''pork''
::* '''supetyob'''....''hog leg'' ====&gt; '''supetyol'''....''ham''
::* '''bopet'''....''steer'' ====&gt; '''bopel'''....''beef''
::* '''ovbopet'''....''sheep'' ====&gt; '''ovbopel'''....''mutton''
::* '''bopetud'''....''calf'' ====&gt; '''bopetul'''....''veal''
::* '''appelat'''....''bee''  ====&gt; '''appelatel'''....''honey''

: The habitats of animals are formed by suffixing '''-am'''....''house'', '''-um'''....''cage'', etc. to the base name:

::* '''supet'''....''pig'' ====&gt; '''supetam'''....''pigsty''
::* '''gafapayt'''....''chicken'' ====&gt; '''gafapaytam'''....''chicken coop''
::* '''lepanfepyot'''....''lion'' ====&gt; '''lepanfepyotam'''....''lion's den''
::* '''kapet'''....''dog'' ====&gt; '''kapetam'''....''doghouse''
::* '''forpelt'''....''ant'' ====&gt; '''forpeltam'''....''anthill''
::* '''appelat'''....''bee'' ====&gt; '''appelatam'''....''bee hive''
::* '''pat'''....''bird'' ====&gt; '''patum'''....''birdcage'', '''patsum'''....''nest'', '''patyanam'''...''aviary''
::* '''pot'''....''wild animal'' ====&gt; '''potam'''....''lair''

==== Dog Breeds ====
[[File:The dog book - a popular history of the dog, with practical information as to care and management of house, kennel, and exhibition dogs, and descriptions of all the important breeds (1909) (20785715825).jpg|thumb|]]
: Dog breeds are created by prefixing elements to '''kapet'''....''dog'' that are based on the official World Canine Organization dog breed site [[https://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/]].  This site organizes dog breeds by groups, sections, subsections, and country ownership.

: The base of the dog breed name is '''kapet'''....''dog''.  The group number is converted to the lowercase alphabetic consonants ('''b''', '''c''', '''d''', etc.).  The top or zeroth group is assigned to the ordinal vowel '''o''', so '''bokepet''' is a group category for sheepdogs and cattledogs.  The sections underneath this group change the '''o'''....''zero'' to '''a'''....''one'', '''e'''....''two'', etc.  The subsections below are enumerated with an initial ordinal vowel starting with '''a'''....''one'', '''e'''....''two'', etc.  A particular breed is written as the country adjective representing the breed country of origin, followed a space, and the lowest section name preceded by the number of the country entry alphabetized.  If there is only one entry of that country, no ordinal number is prefixed.

: As an example:

: To get the name for ''basset hound'':
::* Start with the word for dog: '''kapet'''.
: This animal is in Group 6 for scent hounds and related breeds, so the 6th consonant in the Mirad alphabet is '''h'''.  This is prefixed to '''kapet''', with an ordinal vowel representing the section the breed is in, starting with '''a''' for ''one''.  The ''basset hound'' is in Section 1 for &quot;scent hounds&quot;, so the prefix becomes '''ha-'''.
::* '''hakapet''' is a &quot;scent hound&quot; (not to be confused with '''ha kapet'''....''the dog''.).
A basset hound is classified in subsection 1.3 as a &quot;small-sized scent hound&quot;, so the ordinal vowel '''i'''.... ''three'' is prefixed:
::* '''ihakapet''' is a &quot;small-sized scent hound&quot;
: A basset hound is the 1st small-sized scent hound entry under the country Great Britain, so the Mirad word '''a'''.... ''one'' is prefixed (with a '''w''' buffer glide when prefixed to a vowel) and the adjectival word for Great Britain, '''Gebaroma''' is placed in front, separated by a space:
::* '''Gebaroma awahikapet''' is a ''basset hound'', a dog breed name owned by Great Britain.  The name can usually be abbreviated by dropping the country owner name, thus: '''awahikapet'''
&lt;gallery&gt;
&lt;/gallery&gt;
: Here is a partial representation of the hiararchy as obtained by the World Canine Organization (FCI) site.  Other Mirad dog breed names can be created by consulting the site.

Group 1 = '''&lt;u&gt;b&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....sheepdogs/cattledogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''b&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....sheepdogs
::::* Belgian only entry = '''Belima bakapet'''....''Belgian shepherd dog''
::::* German only entry = '''Deuma bakapet'''....''German shepherd''
::* Section 2 = '''bekapet'''....cattledogs except Swiss cattledogs
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt;nd entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;bekapet'''....''Welsh corgi (Cardigan)''
Group 2 = '''&lt;u&gt;c&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....pinscher/schnauzer/Molossoid/Swiss Mountain-/Cattle Dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''c&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....pinscher/schnauzer type
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''c&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....Molossian type
::* Section &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''c&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''Swiss mountain/cattledogs''
Group 3 = '''&lt;u&gt;d&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....''terriers''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''d&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....large and medium-sized terriers
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;9&lt;/u&gt;th entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;dakapet'''....''Welsh terrier''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''d&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....small-sized terriers
::* Section &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''d&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....bull type terriers
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt;rd entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;dekapet'''....''Staffordshire bull terrier''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;4&lt;/u&gt; = '''d&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....toy terriers
Group 4 = '''&lt;u&gt;f&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....&lt;u&gt;dachshunds&lt;/u&gt;
::::* Germany only entry = '''fakapet'''....''dachshund''
Group 5 = '''&lt;u&gt;g&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....spitz and primitive types
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....nordic sledge dogs
:::: USA &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt;st entry = '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;gakapet'''....''Siberian husky''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....nordic hunting dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....nordic watchdogs/herders
::* Section &lt;u&gt;4&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....European spits
::* Section &lt;u&gt;5&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....Asian spitz and related breeds
::* Section &lt;u&gt;6&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....primitive types
::* Section &lt;u&gt;7&lt;/u&gt; = '''g&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....hunting dogs
Group 6 = '''&lt;u&gt;h&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....scent hounds and related breeds
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''h&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''scent hounds''
:::* Subsection 1.&lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;hakapet'''....large-sized hounds
::::* USA &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt;st entry = '''Usoma &lt;u&gt;aw&lt;/u&gt;ahakapet'''....''American foxhound''
:::* Subsection 1.&lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;hakapet'''....medium-sized hounds
::::* Great Britain only entry = '''Gebaroma ehakapet'''....''harrier''
:::* Subsection 1.&lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;hakapet'''....small-sized hounds
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt;st entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;aw&lt;/u&gt;ihakapet'''....''basset hound''
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt;nd entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;ew&lt;/u&gt;ihakapet'''....''beagle''
Group 7 = '''&lt;u&gt;j&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....pointing dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''j&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''continental pointing dogs''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''j&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''British and Irish pointers and setters''
Group 8 = '''&lt;u&gt;k&lt;/u&gt;akapet'''....retrievers/flushing dogs/water dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''k&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''retrievers''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''k&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''flushing dogs''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''k&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....''water dogs''
Group 9 = '''&lt;u&gt;l&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....companion and toy dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....bichons
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....poodles
::::* France only entry = '''Ferama lekapet'''....''poodle''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....small Belgian dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;4&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;u&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....hairless dogs
::* Section &lt;u&gt;5&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....Tibetan breeds
::::* Tibet &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt;nd  entry = '''Tibama &lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;lekapet'''....''shih tzu''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;6&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;ya&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....Chihuahueno
::::* Mexico only entry = '''Mexuma lyakapet'''....''chihuahua''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;7&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;ye&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....English toy spaniels
::* Section &lt;u&gt;8&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;yi&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....Japan Chin and Pekingese
::* Section &lt;u&gt;9&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;yu&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....continental toy spaniel and others
::* Section &lt;u&gt;10&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;alo&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....Kromforhl&amp;auml;nder
::* Section &lt;u&gt;10&lt;/u&gt; = '''l&lt;u&gt;ale&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....small Molossian type dogs
Group 10 =  '''&lt;u&gt;m&lt;/u&gt;okapet'''....sight hounds
::* Section &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt; = '''m&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....long-haired sighthounds
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;1&lt;/u&gt;st entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;makapet'''....''greyhound''
::::* Great Britain &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt;nd entry = '''Gebaroma &lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;makapet'''....''whippet''
::* Section &lt;u&gt;2&lt;/u&gt; = '''m&lt;u&gt;e&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....rough-haired sighthounds
::* Section &lt;u&gt;3&lt;/u&gt; = '''m&lt;u&gt;i&lt;/u&gt;kapet'''....short-haired sighthounds

==== Cat Breeds ====
: The names for cat breeds are generated from the CFA organization's alphabetical list of cat breeds (See [https://cfa.org/breeds/]. You take the first letters of the CFA name up to the first non-initial consonant, and convert them to lowercase.  If the next breed on the list has the same letters, add a Mirad number (1=a, 2=e, 3=i, ...) to distinguish them.  Now, end the word with the Mirad word for cat '''fepet'''.

: This chart shows the process for the first few cat breeds in the CFA list:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Creating Cat Breed Names 
|-
! CFA Name !! First Letters&lt;br&gt;Lowercase !! Number&lt;br&gt;If Any + fepet!! Mirad Name
|-
| ''&lt;u&gt;Am&lt;/u&gt;erican Shorthair'' || '''am'''  || '''a + fepet'''|| '''amafepet'''
|-
| ''&lt;u&gt;Am&lt;/u&gt;erican Wirehair'' || '''am''' || '''e + fepet'''|| '''amefepet'''
|-
| ''&lt;u&gt;Bal&lt;/u&gt;inese'' || '''bal''' || '''bal + fepet''' || '''balfepet'''
|-
| ''&lt;u&gt;Ben&lt;/u&gt;gal'' || '''ben''' || '''ben + fepet''' || '''benfepet'''
|}

=== Color Nomenclature ===
: The word for ''color'' in Mirad is '''volz''', which is mnemonically related to the word for ''flower'' ('''vos''').  The diminutive of ''color'' is '''voylz''', meaning ''tint, shade, hue''.

: The names of common color adjectives in Mirad are based on a scale relating to the natural spectrum, with the first part of the word being the a number representing the spectrum order and the last half being the color stub '''-lza'''. The zeroth-color is no color, simple ''blank'', ''clear'', or ''transparent''.

:: {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Basic Color Words
|-
! 0 - clear !! 1 - red !!2 - orange !!3 - yellow !!4 - green !! 5 - blue !! 6 - purple !! 7 - indigo
|-
|&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; ||bgcolor=&quot;#d30000&quot;|  ||bgcolor=&quot;#fc6600&quot;|  ||bgcolor=&quot;#fff200&quot;|  ||bgcolor=&quot;#3bb143&quot;|  ||bgcolor=&quot;#0018f9&quot;|  || bgcolor=&quot;#b200ed&quot;| || bgcolor=&quot;#4b0082&quot;|
|-
| '''olza''' || '''alza''' || '''elza''' || '''ilza''' || '''ulza''' || '''yolza''' || '''yalza''' || '''yelza'''
|}
: There are some other common colors:
:: {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Other Basic Color Words
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;white&quot;|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; || '''malza'''....''white'' ||(Associated with '''man''' (''light'')
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#7c4700&quot;| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;|| '''melza'''....''brown'' ||(Associated with '''mel''' (''soil'')
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#222021&quot;| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;||'''molza'''....''black'' ||(Associated with '''mon''' (''dark'')
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#828282&quot;| &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;||'''maolza'''....''gray'' ||(A blend of '''malza''' and '''molza''')
|-
|bgcolor=&quot;#fc0fc0&quot;|&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;||'''aolza'''....''pink'' ||(A blend of '''olza'''....''clear'' and '''malza'''....''red'')
|}

: All other colors are formed by prefixing a word or mnemonic word stub (usually flowers or fruits) to the basic color with hyphenation.  For example:

::* '''mecirufeb-ulza'''....''lime green'' from '''mecirufeb'''....''lime fruit'' + '''ulza'''....''green''
::* '''mim-yalza'''....''aquamarine'' from '''mim'''....''sea'' + '''yalza'''....''blue''
::* '''licirufeb-ilza'''....''lemon yellow'' from '''licirufeb'''....''lemon'' + '''ilza'''....''yellow''
::* '''salpyit-alza'''....''salmon red''
::* '''magmef-alza'''....''firebrick red''
::* '''mim-yalza'''....''sea blue, aquamarine''

: Shaded variants of color terms can be achieved in the following manner:
::# A &quot;light&quot; shade by changing '''lza''' to '''ylza''':  '''uylza'''....''light green''
::# A &quot;-ish&quot; shade by changing '''lza''' to '''lzyena''': '''ulzyena'''....''greenish''
::# A &quot;bright&quot; shade by changing '''lza''' to '''lzayna''': '''ulzayna'''....''bright green''
::# A &quot;dark&quot; shade by changing '''lza''' to '''lzoyna''': '''ulzoyna'''....''dark green''

: Shaded variants can also be created by prefixing adjectival components such as these:

:* '''oz-'''....''-ish, light-''
:* '''az-'''....''bright-, dark-''
:* '''kyu-'''....''light-''
:* '''maz-'''....''bright-''
:* '''eyn-'''....''semi-''

etc.

: Some hybrid colors can be created by mixing the ordinal vowel:

::* '''maolza'''....''gray'' from '''malza'''....''white'' and '''molza'''....''black''
::* '''yaulza'''....''blue-green, cyan'' from '''yalza'''....''blue'' and '''ulza'''....''green''
::* '''maelza'''....''beige'' from '''malza'''....''white'' and '''melza'''....''brown''

: Colors can be made into nouns by dropping the adjectival suffix '''-a''':

::* '''&lt;u&gt;Ulz&lt;/u&gt; se via volz.'''....''&lt;u&gt;Green&lt;/u&gt; is a beautiful color.''
::* '''At gafe &lt;u&gt;yalzayn&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''I prefer &lt;u&gt;dark blue&lt;/u&gt;.''

: Colors can also be used to form verbs:
::* '''Iyta teobi &lt;u&gt;alzasa&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Her cheeks &lt;u&gt;turned red (= blushed)&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''His se fia &lt;u&gt;teubip malzaxus&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''This is a good &lt;u&gt;teeth whitener&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Eta teupibi &lt;u&gt;ilzaseye&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''Your teeth are &lt;u&gt;yellowing&lt;/u&gt;.''
==== Rarely Used Colors ====
: The more exotic or rare colors can be expressed by the RAL number / 10 in the [[w:List_of_RAL_colors|Wikipedia Chart of RAL Colors]] expressed in Mirad + '''-lz'''.  For example, the color ''golden yellow'' has the RAL number 1004.  Divided by 10 yields the number 104 ('''ase''', in Mirad), thus, the color is named '''aselz'''.  The adjectival form of this color is '''aselza'''.  One advantage of this system is that the colors are grouped by nine classic colors represented by the thousands unit, then subdivided by up to 999 shades of those classic colors, although in practice, the number of shades belonging to each classic color is under 40.  For that reason, the thousands unit is reduced to a hundreds unit in the formation of Mirad color names.
===== Skin colors =====
[[File:Coloured-family.jpg|thumb|]]
: When a color refers specifically to skin tone, the prefix '''tayo(b)-''' is used. The final '''-b''' of '''tayob''' is dropped before a consonant or glide.  The word for ''skin-color'' itself is '''tayovolz'''.  Thus:
::* '''(tayo-)molzat'''....''black(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayo-)malzat'''....''white(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayo-)melzat'''....''brown(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)omalzat'''....''non-white(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)omolzat'''....''non-black(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)omelzat'''....''non-brown(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)eymolzat'''....''half-black(skinned) person''
::* '''(tayob)eymalzat'''....''half-white(-skinned) person''
::* '''(tayo-)maolzat'''....''mulatto, mixed-skinned person''
::* '''(tayob)olzat'''....''albino''
::* '''hyetayovolza'''....''of any skin-tone''
::* '''hyatayovolzati'''....''people of all colors''
::* '''Iyt se duhotayovolza?'''....''What skin color is she?''

==== Hair Colors ====
: Hair colors are produced by suffixing the color to the word for hair, '''tayeb'''.  The final '''-b''' of '''tayeb''' is dropped before a consonant or '''y'''. The word for ''hair color'' is '''tayevolz'''.
::* '''tayebalza'''....''red-headed, auburn''
::** '''tayebalzayt'''....''an auburn female''
::* '''tayemolza'''....''brunette''
::* '''tayemelza'''....''brown-haired''
::* '''tayebiylza'''....''blond''
::* '''tayemaolza'''....''gray, gray-haired''
:::* '''It gwa tayemaolzaso.'''....''He will go gray early.''
::* '''Duhotayevolza iyt se?'''....''What color hair is she?''

==== Eye Colors ====
: Eye colors are expressed by the prefix '''tea(b)''' followed by the color.  The word for ''eye color'' is '''teavolz'''. In the following examples, '''teab''' (''eye'') becomes '''tea''' before any consonants or glides:
::* '''teayolza'''....''blue-eyed''
::* '''teabulza'''....''green-eyed''
::* '''teamelza'''....''brown-eyed''
:::* '''teamelzat'''....''brown-eyed person''
::* '''teamolz'''....''a black eye''
::* '''teamalz'''....''the white of the eye''
::* '''Duhoteavolza et se?'''....''What color eyes do you have?''

=== Chemical Nomenclature ===
[[File:14LaAc periodic table IIb.jpg|thumb|]]
: The names of chemical elements are formed by converting the abbreviation for the element into Mirad lowercase alphabetic equivalents, then adding '''lk''', a suffix stub for chemicals.  For example, the abbreviation for ''hydrogen'' is ''H''.  So we replace that with the word for lowercase '''h''' in Mirad: '''he'''.  By adding the stub suffix '''lk''', we get '''helk'''.

: Use the names of the '''''small''''' letters of the alphabet as shown below.  The letter name '''ca''' is pronounced '''cha''' as in English ''cha-cha''.
 
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot; valign=top; align=center
|+ Lowercase Alphabet with Letter Names
|- 
! Lowercase !! a !! b !! c !! d !! !! e !! f !! g !! h !! !! i !! j !! k !! l !! m !! n !! !! o !! p !! q !! r !! s !! t !! !! u !! v !! w !! x !! y !! z
|- align=center |
!row=1| Mirad Name 
| '''a''' || '''ba''' || '''ca''' || '''da''' ||bgcolor=lightgray| || '''e''' || '''fe''' || '''ge''' || '''he''' ||bgcolor=lightgray| || '''i''' || '''ji''' || '''ki''' || '''li''' || '''mi''' || '''ni''' ||bgcolor=lightgray| || '''o''' || '''po''' || '''ko''' || '''ro''' || '''so''' || '''to''' ||bgcolor=lightgray| || '''u''' || '''vu''' || '''wu''' || '''xu''' || '''yu''' || '''zu'''
|}

==== Coding Chemical Elements ====
: The following chart shows some examples of how words for chemical elements are formed:  

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Coding Chemical Elements
|-
! English Element Name !! Abbreviation !! Mirad Name
|-
| ''silver'' || ''Ar'' || '''arolk'''
|-
| ''iron'' || ''Fe'' || '''feelk'''
|-
| ''hydrogen'' || ''H'' || '''helk'''
|-
| ''nitrogen'' || ''N'' || '''nilk'''
|-
| ''mercury'' || ''Hg'' || '''hegelk'''
|-
| ''darmstadtium'' || ''Ds'' || '''dasolk'''
|}

: In chemical compounds, the '''lk''' is used only on the last element of the compound.

: Chemical compounds such as ''H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O (hydrogen dioxide)'' are coded in the following manner.

::# The ''H'' for ''hydrogen'' is rendered as '''he''' (without the '''-lk''').
::# The number 2 refers to two hydrogen atoms, so the Mirad prefix for ''two, bi-'', '''en-''' is prefixed to the '''h''', giving '''enhe'''.
::# The word for ''oxygen'', '''ol''' is added, and, since it is the last element in the compound, the '''lk''' is suffixed.  
::# The English word ends in ''-ide'', which is rendered in Mirad as '''-iyd''', giving '''enheolkiyd'''  

: Such chemical suffix equivalents are given below:

: Given the chemical element ''sulfur'', which has the abbreviation ''S'', the Mirad equivalent for this solid is '''solk'''.  Possible variants of this chemical, plus others, are:

==== Chemical Compound Suffixes ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Chemical Suffix Equivalents
|-
! English Suffix !! Mirad Equivalent !! English Example !! Mirad Equivalent
|-
| ''-ide'' || '''-iyd''' || ''sulfide'' || '''solkiyd'''
|-
| ''-ite'' || '''-iyt''' || ''sulfite'' || '''solkiyt'''
|-
| ''-ate'' || '''-ayt''' || ''sulfate'' || '''solkayt'''
|-
| ''-ine'' || '''-iyn''' || ''iodine'' || '''ilkiyn'''
|-
| ''-ane'' || '''-ayn''' || ''methane'' || '''ahelkayn'''
|-
| ''-ene'' || '''-eyn''' || ''benzene'' || '''ehelkeyn'''
|-
| ''-one'' || '''-oyn''' || ''ketone'' || '''ketoyn'''
|-
| ''-ine'' || '''--iyn''' || ''alanine'' || '''alaniyn'''
|-
| ''-ic'' || '''-a''' || ''ferric'' || '''feelka'''
|-
| ''-ous'' || '''aya''' || ''ferrous'' || '''feelkaya'''
|}

: Note that the numeral prefixes in chemical formulae end in '''-n'''.  : The numeral prefixes ''5'' and ''6'' end in '''-on''' instead of '''-n''' so as to distinguish them from the words '''yan'''....''together'' and '''yon'''....''apart''.

: The chart below shows some of the numeric prefixes:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:3.2em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Numeric Prefixes
|-
! Number !! Prefix !! Example
|-
| '''a'''....''mono-'' || '''an''' || '''anolkiyd'''....''&lt;u&gt;mono&lt;/u&gt;xide (O)''
|-
| '''e'''....''bi-/di-'' || '''en''' || '''encalkayt'''....''&lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;carbonate (C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''i'''....''tri-'' || '''in''' || '''inolkiyd-'''....''trioxide (O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''u'''....''tetr(a)-'' || '''un''' || '''unolkiyd-'''....''tetroxide (O&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''yo'''....''pent(a)-'' || '''yoon''' || '''yoonolkiyd-'''....''pentoxide (O&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''ya'''....''hex(a)-'' || '''yaon''' || '''yaonolkiyd'''....''hexoxide (O&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''ye'''....''hept(a)-'' || '''yen''' || '''yenolkiyd'''....''heptoxide (O&lt;sub&gt;7&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''yi'''....''oct(o)-'' || '''yin''' || '''yinolkiyd-'''....''octoxide (O&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''yu'''....''non(a)-'' || '''yun''' || '''yunolkiyd-'''....''nonoxide (O&lt;sub&gt;9&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|-
| '''alo'''....''dec(a)-'' || '''alon''' || '''alonolkayt-'''....''decoxidate (O&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;)''
|}

: Examples:
::* ''carbon &lt;u&gt;di&lt;/u&gt;oxide (C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O)''....'''calk &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;olkiyd'''
::* ''sodium &lt;u&gt;bi&lt;/u&gt;carbonate (Na2C)''....'''nialk &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;calkayt'''
::* ''calcium &lt;u&gt;di&lt;/u&gt;hydrogen phosphate''....'''caalk &lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;helk polkayt'''
::* ''glucose (C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;)''....'''&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;ca&lt;u&gt;alan&lt;/u&gt;he&lt;u&gt;yaon&lt;/u&gt;olk''' (or: '''sakolos''')
::* ''methanol (C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;HOH)''....'''ca&lt;u&gt;in&lt;/u&gt;heohelk'''
: Note: the '''-lk''' is added only at the end of a compound and before the endings '''-iyd''', '''-iyt''', and '''-ayt''', etc.

==== Names of Atomic Parts ====
: The word for ''atom'' in Mirad is '''gwomulk''', which literally is ''least particle''.
: The main particles in an atom are:
::* '''vamulk'''....''proton'' (positive)
::* '''vemulk'''....''neutron'' (neutral)
::* '''vomulk'''....''electron'' (negative)

: Every atom contains '''mulki''' (''subatomic particles'').

[[File:Standard Model of Elementary Particles.svg|thumb|392x392px|The [[Standard Model]] classification of particles]]
: The principle elementary atomic particles (quarks, leptons, bosons) are named from the alphabetic spellings of the letter abbreviations in the Standard Abbreviations chart to the right, some of which are Greek letters, both upper and lower case. (See [[wikipedia:Subatomic_particle]] ).

::* '''hamulk'''....''hadron''
:::* '''mi-hamulk'''....''meson''
::::* '''pimi-hamulk'''....''pion''
::::* '''kami-hamulk'''....''kaon''
:::* '''ba-hamulk'''....''baryon''
::::* '''lambda-ba-hamulk'''....''lambda baryon''

::* '''vamulk'''....''proton''
::* '''vemulk'''....''neutron''
::* '''vomulk'''....''electron''
::* '''zemulk'''....''nucleon''
::* '''alfamulk'''....''alpha particle''
::* '''fermimulk'''....''fermion''
::* '''goryumulk'''....''nanoparticle''
::* '''kyiazon mulk'''....''graviton''

::* '''bamulk'''....''boson particle''
:::* '''agha-bamulk'''....''higgs particle''
:::* '''agwu-bamulk'''....''W boson''
:::* '''agzu-bamulk'''....''Z boson''
:::* '''gamma-bamulk'''....''photon''
:::* '''ge-bamulk'''....''gluon''

::* '''qomulk'''....''quark''
:::* '''ba-qomulk'''....''bottom quark''
:::* '''ca-qomulk'''....''charm quark''
:::* '''da-qomulk'''....''down quark''
:::* '''ov-qomulk'''....''antiparticle, antiquark''
:::* '''penta-qomulk'''....''penta quark''
:::* '''tetra-qomulk'''....''tetra quark''
:::* '''to-qomulk'''....''top quark''
:::* '''u-qomulk'''....''up quark''
:::* '''so-qomulk'''....''strange quark''

::* '''limulk'''....''lepton''
:::* '''gamma-limulk'''....''photon'' (also: '''manmulk''')
:::* '''mu-limulk'''....''muon''
:::* '''pi-limulk'''....''pion''
:::* '''tau-limulk'''....''tau''
:::* '''vu-e-limulk'''....''electron neutrino''
:::* '''vu-mu-limulk'''....''muon neutrino''
:::* '''vu-tau-limulk'''....''tau neutrino''
:::* '''e-limulk'''....''electron'' (also: '''vomulk''')

: The nucleus of an atom is called '''zemulk'''.  Therefore, '''zemulka''' means ''nuclear''.

=== Musical Nomenclature ===
==== Musical Instruments ====
: The musical instruments are encoded as follows, where all instruments contain the word for musical instrument ('''duzar''' &lt; '''duz''' (''music'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'').  The system is based on a five-way classification system that relates to the way the instrument is played.

[[File:Madras musical instruments and snake charmer's music.jpg|thumb|&lt;small&gt;Madras_musical_instruments_and_snake_charmer's_music&lt;/small&gt;]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Musical Instruments
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
! colspan=2 | Bowed-String
|-
| '''aduzar''' || ''violin''
|-
| '''eduzar''' || ''violin alto''
|-
| '''iduzar''' || ''cello'', ''violoncello''
|-
| '''uduzar'''&lt;br&gt;'''eona uduzar''' || ''bass''&lt;br&gt;''double bass''
|-
| '''yoduzar''' || ''viola''
|-
| '''yaduzar''' || ''fiddle''
|-
| '''yeduzar''' || ''viol''
|-
|- '''yiduzar''' || ''erhu''
|-
| '''yuduzar''' || ''hardanger fiddle''
|-
| '''aloduzar''' || ''kemenche''
|-
| '''aladuzar''' || ''nyckelharpa''
|-
| '''aleduzar''' || ''rebab''
|-
! colspan=2 | Woodwind
|-
| '''faduzar''' || ''flute''
|-
| '''feduzar''' || ''oboe''
|-
| '''fiduzar''' || ''clarinet''
|-
| '''fuduzar''' || ''bassoon''
|-
| '''fyoduzar''' || ''French harp, harmonica''
|-
| '''fyaduzar''' || ''recorder''
|-
| '''fyeduzar''' || ''bagpipe''
|-
| '''fyiduzar''' || ''didgeridoo''
|-
| '''fyuduzar''' || ''piccolo''
|-
| '''faloduzar''' || ''fife, hornpipe''
|-
| '''faladuzar''' || ''ocarina, ocarine''
|-
| '''faleduzar''' || ''sheng''
|-
| '''faliduzar''' || ''duduk''
|-
| '''faluduzar''' || ''bansuri''
|-
| '''falyoduzar''' || ''suling''
|-
! colspan=2 | Brass &amp;#x1f3b7;
|-
| '''voduzar''' || ''horn''
|-
| '''vaduzar''' || ''trumpet''
|-
| '''veduzar''' || ''trombone''
|-
| '''vuduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''avuduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''evuduzar'''&lt;br&gt;--'''ivuduzar'''|| ''saxophone''&lt;br&gt;-- ''tenor saxophone''&lt;br&gt;-- ''alto saxophone''&lt;br&gt;-- ''bass saxophone''
|-
| '''vyoduzar''' || ''tuba''
|-
| '''vyaduzar''' || ''bugle''
|-
| '''vyeduzar''' || ''French horn''
|-
| '''vyiduzar''' || ''cornet''
|-
| '''vyuduzar''' || ''baritone horn''
|-
| '''valoduzar''' || ''alto horn''
|-
| '''valaduzar''' || ''euphonium''
|-
| '''valeduzar''' || ''flugelhorn''
|-
| '''validuzar''' || ''sousaphone''
|-
| '''valuduzar''' || ''clarion''
|-
| '''valyoduzar''' || ''mellophone''
|-
| '''valyaduzar''' || ''climbasso''
|-
| '''valyeduzar''' || ''ophicleide''
|-
! colspan=2 | Percussion
|-
| '''kaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''akaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''ekaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''ikaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''ukaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''yokaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''yakaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''yekaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''yikaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''yukaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''alokaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''alakaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''alekaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''alikaduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''alukaduzar''' || ''drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''snare drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''bass drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''tenor drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''steel drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''bongo drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''timbrel''&lt;br&gt;-- ''kettledrum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''hang drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''tupan''&lt;br&gt;-- ''taiko''&lt;br&gt;-- ''spring drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''octoban''&lt;br&gt;-- ''candombe drum''&lt;br&gt;-- ''steel tongue drum''
|-
| '''keduzar''' || ''glockenspiel''
|-
| '''kiduzar''' || ''vibraphone''
|-
| '''kuduzar''' || ''marimba''
|-
| '''kyoduzar''' || ''tubular bell''
|-
| '''gaduzar''' || ''triangle''
|-
| '''geduzar''' || ''gong''
|-
| '''giduzar''' || ''castanet''
|-
| '''guduzar''' || ''rattle''
|-
| '''gyoduzar''' || ''xylophone''
|-
| '''gyaduzar''' || ''maraca''
|-
| '''gyeduzar''' || ''caj&amp;oacute;n''
|-
| '''gyiduzar''' || ''cymbal''
|-
| '''gyuduzar''' || ''tambourine''
|-
| '''galoduzar''' || ''steelpan''
|-
| '''galaduzar''' || ''wind chime''
|-
| '''galeduzar''' || ''chime bar''
|-
| '''galiduzar''' || ''celeste''
|-
| '''galuduzar''' || ''clapper''
|-
| '''galyoduzar''' || ''Jew's harp''
|-
| '''galyaduzar''' || ''bazooka''
|-
| '''galyeduzar''' || ''waterphone''
|-
| '''galyiduzar''' || ''balafon''
|-
| '''galyuduzar''' || ''boomwhackers''
|-
| '''geloduzar''' || ''udu''
|-
| '''geladuzar''' || ''thunder sheet''
|-
! colspan=2 | Keyboard &amp;#x1f3b9;
|-
| '''raduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''utekea raduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''agala raduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''sem raduzar''' || ''piano''&lt;br&gt;-- ''player piano''&lt;br&gt;-- ''grand piano''&lt;br&gt;-- ''keyboard''
|-
| '''reduzar''' || ''clavichord''
|-
| '''riduzar''' || ''harpsichord''
|-
| '''ruduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''mufyeg ruduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''maka ruduzar''' || ''organ''&lt;br&gt;-- ''pipe organ''&lt;br&gt;-- ''electric organ''
|-
| '''ryoduzar''' || ''accordion''
|-
| '''ryaduzar''' || ''dulcimer''
|-
| '''ryeduzar''' || ''calliope''
|-
| '''ryiduzar''' || ''melodica''
|-
| '''ryuduzar''' || ''concertina''
|-
! colspan=2 | Guitar  &amp;#x1f3b8;
|-
| '''baduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''seuxa baduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''maka baduzar'''&lt;br&gt;-- '''yoba baduzar''' || ''guitar''&lt;br&gt;-- ''accoustic guitar''&lt;br&gt;-- ''electric guitar''&lt;br&gt;-- ''bass guitar''
|-
| '''beduzar''' || ''banjo''
|-
| '''biduzar''' || ''lute''
|-
| '''buduzar''' || ''harp''
|-
| '''byoduzar''' || ''mandolin''
|-
| '''byaduzar''' || ''ukelele''
|-
| '''byeduzar''' || ''zither''
|-
| '''byiduzar''' || ''lyre''
|-
| '''byuduzar''' || ''cithara, kithara''
|-
| '''baloduzar''' || ''sitar''
|-
| '''baladuzar''' || ''veena''
|-
| '''baleduzar''' || ''koto''
|-
| '''baliduzar''' || ''balalaika''
|-
| '''baluduzar''' || ''charango''
|-
| '''balyoduzar''' || ''hurdy-gurdy''
|}

==== Voice Ranges ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Voice Ranges (Deuz nabyani)
|-
! Mirad !! English !! Meaning
|-
! colspan=3 | Women
|-
| '''yabdeuztoyb''' || ''soprano'' || &quot;high-voice-female&quot;
|-
| '''zeyabdeuztoyb''' || ''mezzo-soprano'' || &quot;high-ish-voice-female&quot;
|-
| '''yobdeuztoyb''' || ''alto, contralto'' || &quot;low-voice-female&quot;
|-
! colspan=3 | Men
|-
| '''yabdeuztwob''' || ''tenor'' || &quot;high-voice-male&quot;
|-
| '''ze-yabdeuztwob''' || ''baritone'' || &quot;middle-high-voice-male&quot;
|-
| '''yobdeuztwob''' || ''bass''||&quot;low-voice-male&quot;
|-
| '''vyo-yabdeuztwob''' || ''falsetto'' || &quot;false-high-voice-male&quot;
|-
! colspan=3 | Boys
|-
| '''yabdeuztwobet''' || ''treble'' || &quot;high-voice-boy&quot;
|}

: Suffix these nouns with '''-a''' to make them adjectives, eg.:
::* '''His se &lt;u&gt;yabdeuztwoba&lt;/u&gt; duznod.'''....''This is a &lt;u&gt;tenor&lt;/u&gt; note.''

==== Solmization Syllables ====
: The syllables used in Mirad to spell out musical notes is like the system used in the English-speaking world:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Solmization Syllables
|-
| '''do''' || '''re''' || '''mi''' || '''fa''' || '''sol''' || '''la''' || '''ti''' || '''do'''
|}

==== Musical Score Elements ====
[[File:Gigault-dernier-kyrie-mm9-12.png|thumb]]
: The semitone or accidental symbols are:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Accidentals
|-
! ENGLISH NAME !!  SYMBOL !! MIRAD NAME !! ENGLISH EXAMPLE !! MIRAD EXAMPLE || MIRAD PRONUNCIATION
|-
| ''flat'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D12C;&lt;/big&gt;|| '''yobwa''' (=''lowered'')|| ''B flat'' || '''B yobwa''' || '''ba YOBwa'''
|-
| ''sharp'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D130;&lt;/big&gt; || '''yabwa''' (=''raised'')|| ''C sharp'' || '''C yabwa''' || '''ca YABwa'''
|-
| ''natural'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D12E;&lt;/big&gt; || '''egxwa''' (=''normalized'')|| ''F natural'' || '''F egxwa''' || '''fe EGxwa'''
|}
: Some staff notation:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margin-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Staff Notation
|-
! English Name !!  Symbol !! Mirad Name
|-
| ''staff'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D119;&lt;/big&gt; || '''nuidyan'''
|-
| ''treble clef, G clef'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D11E;&lt;/big&gt; || '''G yijar'''
|-
| ''C clef'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D121;&lt;/big&gt; || '''C yijar'''
|-
| ''base clef, F clef'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D122;&lt;/big&gt; || '''F yijar'''
|-
| ''note'' || || '''nod'''
|-
| ''half note'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D15E;&lt;/big&gt; || '''eyna nod'''
|-
| ''quarter note'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D15F;&lt;/big&gt; || '''uyna nod'''
|-
| ''whole note'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D15D;&lt;/big&gt; || '''ayna nod'''
|-
| ''quarter rest'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D13D; &lt;/big&gt; || '''uyna poys'''
|-
| ''eighth note'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D160; &lt;/big&gt; || '''yiyna nod'''
|-
| ''bar, measure'' || &lt;big&gt;&amp;#x1D100;&lt;/big&gt; || '''nodzyan'''
|-
| ''ligature'' || || '''yanxus'''
|}

==== Characteristic Features of Music ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Characteristic Features of Music
! Mirad !! English
|-
|'''deup'''||'' beat''
|-
|'''seupan'''||'' cadence''
|-
|'''jes'''||'' duration''
|-
|'''zoyteuz'''||'' echo''
|-
|'''yanseuz'''||'' harmony''
|-
|'''duzneg'''||''pitch''
|-
|'''ijduzneg'''||'' key''
|-
|'''druz'''||'' lyric''
|-
|'''agala duzmus'''||'' major scale''
|-
|'''duznag'''||'' measure''
|-
|'''duznad'''||'' melody''
|-
|'''duzjob''' ||''tempo''
|-
|'''nak'''||'' meter''
|-
|'''ogala duzmus'''||'' minor scale''
|-
|'''duz'''||'' music''
|-
|'''yinig'''||'' octave''
|-
|'''byes'''||'' pulse''
|-
|'''zoyseuzen'''||'' resonance''
|-
|'''deupyan'''||'' rhythm''
|-
|'''duzmus'''||'' scale''
|-
|'''duzdreyn'''||'' score''
|-
|'''seux'''||'' sound''
|-
|'''duzigan'''||'' tempo''
|-
|'''seuzvolz'''||'' timbre''
|-
|'''seuz'''||'' tone''
|-
|'''yanseuz'''||''chord, harmonic''
|-
|'''aybseuz'''||''overtone''
|-
|'''deuzunog'''||'' tune''
|-
|'''deuz'''||'' voice''
|-
|'''seuxnid'''||'' volume''
|}

==== Dynamics ====
: Notations having to do with musical dynamic accents are usually in Italian and are recognized the world over.  For this reason, they are left ''as is'' in Mirad.

: These include:

&lt;div style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-style:italics&quot;&gt;
: &lt;i&gt;a tempo, accelerando, accelerando, crescendo, decrescendo, diminuendo, fermata, forte, fortissimo, glissando, legato, lento, marcato, mezzo forte, mezzo piano, pianissimo, piano, poco a poco, portamento, rallentando, ritardanto, rubato, sforzando, staccatissimo, staccato, subito piano, tenuto, tremolo&lt;/i&gt;, and others.
&lt;/div&gt;

==== Types of Arrangements ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Musical Arrangements
! English !! Mirad
|-
|''a capella song''||'''a kapella deuzun, deuzun boy duzari'''
|-
|''anthem''||'''fizdeuzun, tezdeuzun'''
|-
|''antiphon''||'''duiddeuzun'''
|-
|''aria''||'''arya, awat deuzun'''
|-
|''arrangement''||'''napbeyn'''
|-
|''art song''||'''tuz deuz'''
|-
|''ballad''||'''daz deuz, ifonkex deuzun'''
|-
|''battle hymn''||'''dropek deuzun'''
|-
|''bird song''||'''pat deuzun'''
|-
|''broadway song''||'''Broadway deuzun'''
|-
|''campfire song''||'''tamoftem deuzun'''
|-
|''cantata''||'''kantata'''
|-
|''canticle''||'''efyadeuzun'''
|-
|''carol''||'''ivdeuzun'''
|-
|''chant''||'''yagdeuzun'''
|-
|''choral arrangement''||'''deuzutyan napxeyn'''
|-
|''Christmas carol''||'''Kristtaj ivdeuzun'''
|-
|''classical song''||'''visauna deuzun'''
|-
|''composition''||'''duzdrun'''
|-
|''concerto''||'''koncerto'''
|-
|''country song''||'''odom deuzun, meimtyoda deuzun'''
|-
|''dance song''||'''daz deuzun'''
|-
|''dirge''||'''uvdeuzun'''
|-
|''ditty''||'''deuzog'''
|-
|''doggerel verse''||'''dizdeuzun'''
|-
|''drinking song''||'''tilien deuzun'''
|-
|''duet''||'''ewat (deuzun)'''
|-
|''folksong''||'''tyoyd deuzun'''
|-
|''glee''||'''Gebama deuzun'''
|-
|''gospel song''||'''fyadin deuzun'''
|-
|''hip hop song''||'''hip hop deuzun'''
|-
|''hit song''||'''agakus deuzun'''
|-
|''hymn''||'''fyadeuzun '''
|-
|''instrumental''||'''duzarun'''
|-
|''jingle''||'''nundeuzunog'''
|-
|''karaoke song''||'''karaoke deuzun'''
|-
|''love song''||'''ifon deuzun'''
|-
|''lullaby''||'''tudet deuzun'''
|-
|''lute song''||'''riduzar deuzun'''
|-
|''madrigal''||'''duzuka deuzun'''
|-
|''marching song''||'''doptyopen deuzun'''
|-
|''medley''||'''ebmulxwa deuzyan'''
|-
|''metal song''||'''mug deuzun'''
|-
|''musical number''||'''duzun'''
|-
|''old standard''||'''ajdeuzun'''
|-
|''opera''||'''dyuz, dyuzun'''
|-
|''oratorio''||'''oratoryo'''
|-
|''paean''||'''akrun deuzun'''
|-
|''partsong''||'''gon deuzun'''
|-
|''patter song''||'''deuzig'''
|-
|''pop song''||'''tyoda deuzun'''
|-
|''psalm''||'''afyadeuzun'''
|-
|''rock song''||'''rok deuzun'''
|-
|''round''||'''zoydea deuzun'''
|-
|''sea shanty''||'''mim deuz'''
|-
|''show tune''||'''duez deuzun'''
|-
|''signature song''||'''ujak deuzun'''
|-
|''slow jam''||'''bluz deuzun'''
|-
|''soliloquy''||'''awat, awat deuzun'''
|-
|''solo''||'''awat (duzun), awat (deuzun)'''
|-
|''song''||'''deuzun'''
|-
|''spiritual, negro spiritual''||'''topa deuzun'''
|-
|''sporting song''||'''tapifek deuzun'''
|-
|''symphony''||'''viduzunyag'''
|-
|''theme song''||'''texzena deuz'''
|-
|''torch song''||'''ifonok uvdeuzun'''
|-
|''vaudeville song''||'''Vaudeville deuzun'''
|-
|''Wienerlied''||'''Viena deuzun'''
|}

==== Musicians ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Musicians
! English !! Mirad
|-
|''musician''||'''duzut, duztoyb, duzuyt, duztwob'''
|-
|''instrumentalist''||'''duzarut'''
|-
|''violinist''||'''aduzarut'''
|-
|''conductor''||'''duzdeb''', '''duzutyaneb'''
|-
|''soloist''||'''anduzut'''
|-
|''singer, vocalist''||'''deuzut'''
|-
|''danseur''||'''dyaztwob'''
|-
|''ballerina''||'''dyazuyt, dyaztoyb'''
|-
|''dancer''||'''dazut, dazuyt'''
|-
|''opera singer''||'''dyuzut, dyuzuyt'''
|-
|''operatist, librettist''||'''dyuzdrut'''
|-
|''composer''||'''duzdrut'''
|-
|''lyricist, songwriter''||'''deuzdrut'''
|-
|''dance conductor''||'''dazeb'''
|-
|''(symphony) orchestra''||'''duzarutyan'''
|-
|''philharmonic orchestra''||'''duzarutyanag'''
|-
|''chorus, chorale'' ||'''deuzutyan'''
|-
|''dance troupe''||'''dazutyan'''
|}

==== Song Parts ====
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Song Parts
! Mirad !! English
|-
|'''ujgon'''||''coda''
|-  
|'''ijgon'''||''intro''
|-
|'''ebek'''||''interlude''
|-
|'''ijek'''||''finale''
|-
|'''gawijun'''||''reprise''
|-
|'''gawdeuzun'''||''refrain''
|-
|'''agalduznad'''||''theme''
|-
|'''nadyan'''||''verse''
|-
|'''zeymep'''||''bridge''
|-
|'''gawdwas'''||''chorus''
|-
|'''ujnadyan'''||''outro''
|}

==== Music Genres ====
: Some genres and styles of music:
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Genres of Music
! Mirad !! English
|-
|'''a kapella, boy duzari'''||''a capella''
|-
|'''yugtaxea duz'''||''ambiant''
|-
|'''Usoma tyoyduz'''||''American folk''
|-
|'''Usoma egona duz'''||''American standard''
|-
|'''yizejna'''||''avant garde''
|-
|'''Baroka'''||''Baroque''
|-
|'''yolza vab'''||''bluegrass''
|-
|'''bluz'''||''blues''
|-
|'''Bolliwud'''||''Bollywood''
|-
|'''bossa nova'''||''bossa nova''
|-
|'''kalipso'''||''calypso''
|-
|'''Kelta yagdeuz'''||''Celtic chant''
|-
|'''Canima tyoyduz'''||''Chinese folk''
|-
|'''Canima ajutbyena dyuz'''||''Chinese traditional opera''
|-
|'''jejoba deupyan ay bluz'''||''contemporary R&amp;B''
|-
|'''maima bluz'''||''country blues''
|-
|'''maima duz'''||''country music''
|-
|'''maima pop'''||''country pop''
|-
|'''maima rap'''||''country rap''
|-
|'''maima rok'''||''country rock''
|-
|'''dazam pop'''||''dancehall pop''
|-
|'''disko'''||''disco''
|-
|'''du-wop'''||''doo-wop''
|-
|'''maka dauz'''||''electronic dance music (EDM)''
|-
|'''yugtaxea duz'''||''elevator music''
|-
|'''Euma disko'''||''Euro-disco''
|-
|'''jwayeka'''||''experimental''
|-
|'''flamenko'''||''flamenco''
|-
|'''funk'''||''funk''
|-
|'''Gregoria yagdeuz'''||''Gregorian chant''
|-
|'''hip-hop'''||''hip-hop''
|-
|'''honki-tonk'''||''honky-tonk''
|-
|'''hyusuna rok'''||''Indie rock''
|-
|'''jaz'''||''jazz''
|-
|'''makjaz'''||''jazztronica''
|-
|'''juju'''||''juju''
|-
|'''fyaxela duz'''||''liturgical music''
|-
|'''majika'''||''majika''
|-
|'''mamo'''||''mambo''
|-
|'''merengwe'''||''merengue''
|-
|'''mesitzo'''||''mesitzo''
|-
|'''mug'''||''metal''
|-
|'''Mixuma duz'''||''Mexican''
|-
|'''seuz bi Naxvil'''||''Nashville sound''
|-
|'''Ejna Orleans bluz'''||''New Orleans blues''
|-
|'''dyuz'''||''opera''
|-
|'''rancera'''||''ranchera''
|-
|'''rap'''||''rap''
|-
|'''rege'''||''reggae''
|-
|'''deupyan ay blus, ro-ay-ba'''||''rhythm &amp; blues''
|-
|'''rok-ay-rol'''||''rock &amp; roll''
|-
|'''salsa'''||''salsa''
|-
|'''samba'''||''samba''
|-
|'''ska'''||''ska''
|-
|'''galoduzaruta duz'''||''steel band music''
|-
|'''swing'''||''swing''
|-
|'''Tehano'''||''Tejano''
|-
|'''eyntuj duz'''||''trance music''
|-
|'''Zumera visauna'''||''Western classical''
|-
|'''Zumeryena'''||''Western''
|-
|'''zideko'''||''zydeco''
|}

=== Geographic Placenames ===

: As in English, Geograpic placenames are capitalized, including the languages and inhabitants.

==== Countries of the World ====
[[File:Flickr - …trialsanderrors - Johnson's new chart of national emblems, 1868.jpg|thumb|]]

Below is a complete list of the current officially assigned ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 codes, with country names being English short country names officially used by the ISO 3166 Maintenance Agency (ISO 3166/MA).  The Mirad equivalents are formed by replacing the letters of the ISO code with the lowercase Mirad alphabetic spells, except if  the letter is followed by a vowel, in which case the ISO letter is kept as is, but lower-cased.  The letter '''m''' is suffixed as a stub for &quot;place&quot; and then the word-initial letter is capitalized, eg.:

: Example 1:
: ''Burundi'' is translated as follows:
::* The ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code is BDI.
::* ''BDI'' is lowercased to ''bdi''
::* '''b''' is convered to the Mirad alphabetic spell '''ba'''.
::* Since ''d'' is followed by a vowel, it is left as is: '''d'''.
::* The vowel ''i'' is left as is: '''i'''
::* '''m''' is appended for ''place'': '''badim'''
::* The initial letter of the country name is capitalized: '''Badim'''
::* BDI (Burundi) = '''Badim'''.

: Example 2:
: ''Uzbekistan'' is translated as follows:
::* The ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 code is UZB.
::* ''UZB'' is lowercased to ''uzb''
::* '''u''' is left as is: '''u'''.
::* '''z''' is converted to the Mirad alphabetic spell: '''zu'''
::* '''b''' is converted to the Mirad alphabetic spell: '''ba'''
::* '''m''' is appended for ''place'': '''uzubam'''
::* The initial letter of the country name is capitalized: '''Uzubam'''
::* UZB (Uzbekistan) = '''Uzubam'''.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; margn-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot; 
|+ Country Names (click on arrows to sort a column)
! ISO !! English !! Mirad
|-
| ABW || ''Aruba''||'''Abawum'''
|-
| AFG || ''Afghanistan''||'''Afegem'''
|-
| AGO || ''Angola''||'''Agom'''
|-
| AIA || ''Anguilla''||'''Aiam'''
|-
| ALA || ''[[w:Åland|Åland Islands]]''||'''Alam'''
|-
| ALB || ''Albania''||'''Alibam'''
|-
| AND || ''Andorra''||'''Anidam'''
|-
| ANT || ''Netherlands Antilles''||'''Anitom'''
|-
| ARE || ''United Arab Emirates''||'''Arem'''
|-
| ARG || ''Argentina''||'''Arogem'''
|-
| ARM || ''Armenia''||'''Aromim'''
|-
| ASM || ''American Samoa''||'''Asomim'''
|-
| ATA || ''Antarctica''||'''Atam'''
|-
| ATF || ''French Southern Territories''||'''Atofem'''
|-
| ATG || ''Antigua and Barbuda''||'''Atogem'''
|-
| AUS || ''Australia''||'''Ausom'''
|-
| AUT || ''Austria''||'''Autom'''
|-
| AZE || ''Azerbaijan''||'''Azem'''
|-
| BDI || ''Burundi''||'''Badim'''
|-
| BEL || ''Belgium''||'''Belim'''
|-
| BEN || ''Benin''||'''Benim'''
|-
| BFA || ''Burkina Faso''||'''Bafam'''
|-
| BGD || ''Bangladesh''||'''Bagedam'''
|-
| BGR || ''Bulgaria''||'''Bagerom'''
|-
| BHR || ''Bahrain''||'''Baherom'''
|-
| BHS || ''[[w|The Bahamas|Bahamas]]''||'''Bahesom'''
|-
| BIH || ''Bosnia and Herzegovina''||'''Bihem'''
|-
| BLM || ''Saint Barthélemy''||'''Balimim'''
|-
| BLR || ''Belarus''||'''Balirom'''
|-
| BLZ || ''Belize''||'''Balizum'''
|-
| BMU || ''Bermuda''||'''Bamum'''
|-
| BOL || ''Bolivia''||'''Bolim'''
|-
| BRA || ''Brazil''||'''Baram'''
|-
| BRB || ''Barbados''||'''Barobam'''
|-
| BRN || ''[[w:Brunei|Brunei Darussalam]]''||'''Baronim'''
|-
| BTN || ''Bhutan''||'''Batonim'''
|-
| BVT || ''Bouvet Island''||'''Bavutom'''
|-
| BWA || ''Botswana''||'''Bawam'''
|-
| CAF || ''Central African Republic''||'''Cafem'''
|-
| CAN || ''Canada''||'''Canim'''
|-
| CCK || ''Cocos Islands''||'''Cacakim'''
|-
| CHE || ''Switzerland''||'''Cahem'''
|-
| CHL || ''Chile''||'''Cahelim'''
|-
| CHN || ''[[w:People's Republic of China|China]]''||'''Cahenim'''
|-
| CIV || ''Côte d'Ivoire''||'''Civum'''
|-
| CMR || ''Cameroon''||'''Camirom'''
|-
| COD || ''Democratic Republic of the Congo''||'''Codam'''
|-
| COG || ''Republic of the Congo''||'''Cogem'''
|-
| COK || ''Cook Islands''||'''Cokim'''
|-
| COL || ''Colombia''||'''Colim'''
|-
| COM || ''Comoros''||'''Comim'''
|-
| CPV || ''Cape Verde''||'''Capovum'''
|-
| CRI || ''Costa Rica''||'''Carim'''
|-
| CUB || ''Cuba''||'''Cubam'''
|-
| CXR || ''Christmas Island''||'''Caxurom'''
|-
| CYM || ''Cayman Islands''||'''Cayumim'''
|-
| CYP || ''Cyprus''||'''Cayupom'''
|-
| CZE || ''Czechia''||'''Cazem'''
|-
| DEU || ''Germany''||'''Deum'''
|-
| DJI || ''Djibouti''||'''Dajim'''
|-
| DMA || ''Dominica''||'''Damam'''
|-
| DNK || ''Denmark''||'''Danikim'''
|-
| DOM || ''Dominican Republic''||'''Domim'''
|-
| DZA || ''Algeria''||'''Dazam'''
|-
| ECU || ''Ecuador''||'''Ecum'''
|-
| EGY || ''Egypt''||'''Egeyum'''
|-
| ERI || ''Eritrea''||'''Erim'''
|-
| ESH || ''Western Sahara''||'''Esohem'''
|-
| ESP || ''Spain''||'''Esopom'''
|-
| EST || ''Estonia''||'''Esotom'''
|-
| ETH || ''Ethiopia''||'''Etohem'''
|-
| FIN || ''Finland''||'''Finim'''
|-
| FJI || ''Fiji''||'''Fejim'''
|-
| FLK || ''Falkland Islands (Malvinas)''||'''Felikim'''
|-
| FRA || ''France''||'''Feram'''
|-
| FRO || ''Faroe Islands''||'''Ferom'''
|-
| FSM || ''Federated States of Micronesia''||'''Fesomim'''
|-
| GAB || ''Gabon''||'''Gabam'''
|-
| GBR || ''United Kingdom''||'''Gebarom'''
|-
| GEO || ''Georgia''||'''Geom'''
|-
| GGY || ''Guernsey''||'''Gegeyum'''
|-
| GHA || ''Ghana''||'''Geham'''
|-
| GIB || ''Gibraltar''||'''Gibam'''
|-
| GLP || ''Guadeloupe''||'''Gelipom'''
|-
| GMB || ''Gambia''||'''Gemibam'''
|-
| GNB || ''Guinea-Bissau''||'''Genibam'''
|-
| GNQ || ''Equatorial Guinea''||'''Geniqom'''
|-
| GRC || ''Greece''||'''Gerocam'''
|-
| GRD || ''Grenada''||'''Gerodam'''
|-
| GRL || ''Greenland''||'''Gedolim'''
|-
| GTM || ''Guatemala''||'''Getomim'''
|-
| GUF || ''French Guiana''||'''Gufem'''
|-
| GUM || ''Guam''||'''Gumim'''
|-
| GUY || ''Guyana''||'''Guyum'''
|-
| HKG || ''Hong Kong''||'''Hekigem'''
|-
| HMD || ''Heard Island and McDonald Islands''||'''Hemidam'''
|-
| HND || ''Honduras''||'''Henidam'''
|-
| HRV || ''Croatia''||'''Herovum'''
|-
| HTI || ''Haiti''||'''Hetim'''
|-
| HUN || ''Hungary''||'''Hunim'''
|-
| IDN || ''Indonesia''||'''Idanim'''
|-
| IMN || ''Isle of Man''||'''Iminim'''
|-
| IND || ''India''||'''Inidam'''
|-
| IOT || ''British Indian Ocean Territory''||'''Iotom'''
|-
| IRL || ''Republic of Ireland''||'''Irolim'''
|-
| IRN || ''Iran''||'''Ironim'''
|-
| IRQ || ''Iraq''||'''Iroqom'''
|-
| ISL || ''Iceland''||'''Isolim'''
|-
| ISR || ''Israel''||'''Isorom'''
|-
| ITA || ''Italy''||'''Itam'''
|-
| JAM || ''Jamaica''||'''Jamim'''
|-
| JEY || ''Jersey''||'''Jeyum'''
|-
| JOR || ''Jordan''||'''Jorom'''
|-
| JPN || ''Japan''||'''Jiponim'''
|-
| KAZ || ''Kazakhstan''||'''Kazum'''
|-
| KEN || ''Kenya''||'''Kenim'''
|-
| KGZ || ''Kyrgyzstan''||'''Kigezum'''
|-
| KHM || ''Cambodia''||'''Kihemim'''
|-
| KIR || ''Kiribati''||'''Kirom'''
|-
| KNA || ''Saint Kitts and Nevis''||'''Kinam'''
|-
| KOR || ''[[w:South Korea|Korea, Republic of]]''||'''Korom'''
|-
| KWT || ''Kuwait''||'''Kiwutom'''
|-
| LAO || ''Laos''||'''Laom'''
|-
| LBN || ''Lebanon''||'''Libanim'''
|-
| LBR || ''Liberia''||'''Libarom'''
|-
| LBY || ''Libya''||'''Libayum'''
|-
| LCA || ''Saint Lucia''||'''Licam'''
|-
| LIE || ''Liechtenstein''||'''Liem'''
|-
| LKA || ''Sri Lanka''||'''Likam'''
|-
| LSO || ''Lesotho''||'''Lisom'''
|-
| LTU || ''Lithuania''||'''Litum'''
|-
| LUX || ''Luxembourg''||'''Luxum'''
|-
| LVA || ''Latvia''||'''Livam'''
|-
| MAC || ''[[W:Macau|Macao]]''||'''Macam'''
|-
| MAF || ''Saint Martin''||'''Mafem'''
|-
| MAR || ''Morocco''||'''Marom'''
|-
| MCO || ''Monaco''||'''Micom'''
|-
| MDA || ''Moldova''||'''Midam'''
|-
| MDG || ''Madagascar''||'''Midagem'''
|-
| MDV || ''Maldives''||'''Midavum'''
|-
| MEX || ''Mexico''||'''Mexum'''
|-
| MHL || ''Marshall Islands''||'''Mihelim'''
|-
| MKD || ''Republic of Macedonia''||'''Mikidam'''
|-
| MLI || ''Mali''||'''Milim'''
|-
| MLT || ''Malta''||'''Militom'''
|-
| MMR || ''Myanmar''||'''Mimirom'''
|-
| MNE || ''Montenegro''||'''Minem'''
|-
| MNG || ''Mongolia''||'''Minigem'''
|-
| MNP || ''Northern Mariana Islands''||'''Minipom'''
|-
| MOZ || ''Mozambique''||'''Mozum'''
|-
| MRT || ''Mauritania''||'''Mirotom'''
|-
| MSR || ''Montserrat''||'''Misorom'''
|-
| MTQ || ''Martinique''||'''Mitoqom'''
|-
| MUS || ''Mauritius''||'''Musom'''
|-
| MWI || ''Malawi''||'''Miwim'''
|-
| MYS || ''Malaysia''||'''Miyusom'''
|-
| MYT || ''Mayotte''||'''Miyutom'''
|-
| NAM || ''Namibia''||'''Namim'''
|-
| NCL || ''New Caledonia''||'''Nicalim'''
|-
| NER || ''Niger''||'''Nerom'''
|-
| NFK || ''Norfolk Island''||'''Nifekim'''
|-
| NGA || ''Nigeria''||'''Nigam'''
|-
| NIC || ''Nicaragua''||'''Nicam'''
|-
| NOR || ''Norway''||'''Norom'''
|-
| NIU || ''Niue''||'''Nium'''
|-
| NLD || ''Netherlands''||'''Nilidam'''
|-
| NPL || ''Nepal''||'''Nipolim'''
|-
| NRU || ''Nauru''||'''Nirum'''
|-
| NZL || ''New Zealand''||'''Nizulim'''
|-
| OMN || ''Oman''||'''Ominim'''
|-
| PAK || ''Pakistan''||'''Pakim'''
|-
| PAN || ''Panama''||'''Panim'''
|-
| PCN || ''Pitcairn Islands''||'''Pocanim'''
|-
| PER || ''Peru''||'''Perom'''
|-
| PHL || ''Philippines''||'''Pohelim'''
|-
| PLW || ''Palau''||'''Poliwum'''
|-
| PNG || ''Papua New Guinea''||'''Ponigem'''
|-
| POL || ''Poland''||'''Polim'''
|-
| PRI || ''Puerto Rico''||'''Porim'''
|-
| PRK || ''North Korea''||'''Porikim'''
|-
| PRT || ''Portugal''||'''Porotom'''
|-
| PRY || ''Paraguay''||'''Poroyum'''
|-
| PSE || ''Palestinian territories''||'''Posem'''
|-
| PYF || ''French Polynesia''||'''Poyufem'''
|-
| QAT || ''Qatar''||'''Qatom'''
|-
| REU || ''Réunion''||'''Reum'''
|-
| ROU || ''Romania''||'''Roum'''
|-
| RUS || ''Russia''||'''Rusom'''
|-
| RWA || ''Rwanda''||'''Rowam'''
|-
| SAU || ''Saudi Arabia''||'''Saum'''
|-
| SDN || ''Sudan''||'''Sodanim'''
|-
| SEN || ''Senegal''||'''Senim'''
|-
| SGP || ''Singapore''||'''Sogepom'''
|-
| SGS || ''South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands''||'''Sogesom'''
|-
| SHN || ''Saint Helena''||'''Sohenim'''
|-
| SJM || ''Svalbard and Jan Mayen''||'''Sojimim'''
|-
| SLB || ''Solomon Islands''||'''Solibam'''
|-
| SLE || ''Sierra Leone''||'''Solem'''
|-
| SLV || ''El Salvador''||'''Solivum'''
|-
| SMR || ''San Marino''||'''Somirom'''
|-
| SOM || ''Somalia''||'''Somim'''
|-
| SPM || ''Saint Pierre and Miquelon''||'''Sopomim'''
|-
| SRB || ''Serbia''||'''Sorobam'''
|-
| STP || ''São Tomé and Príncipe''||'''Sotopom'''
|-
| SUR || ''Suriname''||'''Surom'''
|-
| SVK || ''Slovakia''||'''Sovukim'''
|-
| SVN || ''Slovenia''||'''Sovunim'''
|-
| SWE || ''Sweden''||'''Sowem'''
|-
| SWZ || ''Swaziland''||'''Sowuzum'''
|-
| SYC || ''Seychelles''||'''Soyucam'''
|-
| SYR || ''Syria''||'''Soyurom'''
|-
| TCA || ''Turks and Caicos Islands''||'''Tocam'''
|-
| TCD || ''Chad''||'''Tocadam'''
|-
| TGO || ''Togo''||'''Togom'''
|-
| THA || ''Thailand''||'''Toham'''
|-
| TJK || ''Tajikistan''||'''Tojikim'''
|-
| TKL || ''Tokelau''||'''Tokilim'''
|-
| TKM || ''Turkmenistan''||'''Tokimim'''
|-
| TLS || ''East Timor''||'''Tolisom'''
|-
| TON || ''Tonga''||'''Tonim'''
|-
| TTO || ''Trinidad and Tobago''||'''Totom'''
|-
| TUN || ''Tunisia''||'''Tunim'''
|-
| TUR || ''Turkey''||'''Turim'''
|-
| TUV || ''Tuvalu''||'''Tuvum'''
|-
| TWN || ''Taiwan''||'''Towunim'''
|-
| TZA || ''Tanzania''||'''Tozam'''
|-
| UGA || ''Uganda''||'''Ugam'''
|-
| UKR || ''Ukraine''||'''Ukirom'''
|-
| UMI || ''United States Minor Outlying Islands''||'''Umim'''
|-
| URY || ''Uruguay''||'''Uroyum'''
|-
| USA || ''United States''||'''Usam'''
|-
| UZB || ''Uzbekistan''||'''Uzubam'''
|-
| VAT || ''Vatican City''||'''Vatom'''
|-
| VCT || ''Saint Vincent and the Grenadines''||'''Vucatom'''
|-
| VEN || ''Venezuela''||'''Venim'''
|-
| VGB || ''British Virgin Islands''||'''Vugebam'''
|-
| VIR || ''United States Virgin Islands''||'''Virom'''
|-
| VNM || ''Vietnam''||'''Vunimim'''
|-
| VUT || ''Vanuatu''||'''Vutom'''
|-
| WLF || ''Wallis and Futuna''||'''Wulifem'''
|-
| WSM || ''Samoa''||'''Wusomim'''
|-
| YEM || ''Yemen''||'''Yemim'''
|-
| ZAF || ''South Africa''||'''Zafem'''
|-
| ZMB || ''Zambia''||'''Zumibam'''
|-
| ZWE || ''Zimbabwe''||'''Zuwem'''
|}

: The adjective for these Mirad country names can be formed by suffixing the adjective marker '''a''', eg:
::* '''Feram'''....''France'' ==&gt; '''Ferama'''....''French''
::* '''Usam'''....''United States'' ==&gt; '''Usama'''....''American''
::* '''Deum'''....''Germany'' ==&gt; '''Deuma'''....''German''

: The inhabitant of a country is formed by changing the final '''m''' of the placename to '''t''' (meaning person), eg:
::* '''Feram'''....''French'' ==&gt; '''Ferat'''....''a French person, a Frenchman''

: The names of country inhabitants can be pluralized and genderized, as other animate nouns, eg:
::* '''Ferat'''....''a French person'' ==&gt; '''ha Ferati'''....''the French''
::* '''Etohet'''....''an Ethiopian'' ==&gt; '''Etohwat'''....''an Ethiopian male''
::* '''Finit'''....''a Finn'' ==&gt; '''Finiyt'''....''a Finnish woman''

: Do not confuse the adjectival name of a country with the language:  '''Ferama''' refers to the country of ''France'', not the language ''French''. ''French'' the language is '''Ferad.'''

==== Continents ====
[[File:Continental models.gif|thumb]]
: The word for ''continent'' in Mirad is '''yanmel''' (= &quot;together-soil&quot;).  The names of the continents in Mirad are formed from the word '''yanmel''' with vectorial prefixes.

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margn-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Continent Names
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
| '''Ayanmal''' || ''North America''
|-
| '''Oyanmel''' || ''South America''
|-
| '''Iyanmel''' || ''Asia''
|-
| '''Uyanmel''' || ''Europe''
|-
| '''Eyanmel''' || ''Africa''
|-
| '''Yoyanmel''' || ''Oceania''
|}

: The adjective counterparts of these placenames are derived by suffixing '''-a''':
:* '''Iyanmela'''....''Asian''
:* '''Uyanmela'''....''European''

: By appending '''-t(i)''' to the adjectival names, we get the inhabitants:
:* '''Eyanmelat'''....''an African''
:* '''Ayanmelati'''....''North Americans''

: Note:
&lt;div style=&quot;background: lightyellow&quot;&gt;
:* The ''Americas'' is expressed in Mirad with the hybrid word '''Aoyanmel''' (a combination of North and South America).
:* ''Central America'' is expressed in Mirad by '''Zea Aoyanmel''' (''Central America'')
:* The word '''Usam''' means ''United States of America'' or ''USA''.  The word ''America'' by itself is not used in Mirad; only ''North America'' or ''South America''.
:* The word '''Usamati''' is used for ''Americans'' when referring to inhabitants of the U.S.
:* The word '''Ayanmelati''' is used to refer to North Americans (U.S. and Canada).
:* The word '''Eyanmel-Usamat''', or more briefly, '''Eusamat''' is used for ''African American''.
:* ''Latin America'' is expressed as '''Liada Oyanmel'''.
:* ''A Latino, Latina, or Latinx'' in the U.S. is called '''Liadwut, Liaduyt, or Liadut'''.
:* In some geographic systems, '''Ausom'''....''Australia'' is considered a continent.
&lt;/div&gt;

: The word for ''island'' is '''yonmel''' (= ''separate land'').  An islander is '''yonmelat'''.

==== Oceans ====
: The Mirad word for ocean is '''mimag'''.  The ocean names are formed by prefixing a vectorial ordinal to the word '''mimag''':

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; margn-left:1.6em; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Ocean Names
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
| '''Amimag''' || ''Arctic Ocean''
|-
| '''Omimag''' || ''Southern Ocean''
|-
| '''Imimag''' || ''Pacific Ocean''
|-
| '''Umimag''' || ''Atlantic Ocean''
|-
| '''Emimag''' || ''Indian Ocean''
|}

==== Compass Directions and Poles ====
: The compass directions ('''merizoni''') and poles ('''mernodi''') are as follows:

::* '''zamer'''....''north''  /   '''zamera'''....''northern''  /  '''zamernod'''....''north pole''
::* '''zomer'''....''south''  /   '''zomera'''....''southern''  /  '''zomernod'''....''south pole''
::* '''zimer'''....''east''   /   '''zimera'''....''eastern''
::* '''zumer'''....''west''   /   '''zumera'''....''western''

: The words '''Yibzamer'''....''Arctic'' and '''Yibzomer'''...''Antarctic(a)'' both use the prefix '''yib'''....''far''.

: Prefixing the directions with '''iz-'''....''due-'' yields:

::* '''iz zamer'''....''due north''
::* '''iz zomer'''....''due south'', etc.

: Directional words can be hybridized, eg:

::* '''zaomera'''....''north-south''
::* '''zuimera'''....''east-west''
::* '''zaumera'''....''north-west''
::* '''zaimera'''....''north-east''

==== Earth Grid Lines ====
: The earth grid lines ('''mernadi''') are as follows:

::* '''zamernad'''....''Arctic Circle''
::* '''zomernad'''....''Antarctic Circle''
::* '''zaomernad'''....''longitude''
::* '''zuimernad'''....''latitude''
::* '''zemernad'''....''equator''
:::* '''abzemernad'''....''Tropic of Capricorn''
:::* '''obzemernad'''....''tropic, Tropic of Cancer''
::::* '''yizobzemernad'''....''subtropic''
::* '''eymernad'''....''meridian''
::* '''mamnad'''....''horizon''
::* '''aonada'''....''vertical''
::* '''uinada'''....''horizontal''
::* '''zyenada'''....''perpendicular''

==== Languages of the World ====
[[File:Wiktionary-logo.svg|thumb|]]
: Mirad names of languages are based on either:
::* the name of the country most associated with the language (English &lt; England, French &lt; France), or:
::* the ISO 639-2 alpha-3 three-letter code. (See [[https://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php|Library of Congress ISO639-2 Codes]].

: If formed from the country name, the language name is acquired by replacing the final '''m''' or the country name with '''d'''.  For example, '''Enigem''' (''England''), becomes '''Eniged''' (''English'').  See [[Mirad_Grammar#Countries of the World|Countries of the World]].

: If formed from the ISO 639-2 code, because their is no particular country associated with the language, the letters of the code are replaced with the Mirad lowercase alphabetic spells.  The initial letter is capitalized and '''d''' is suffixed to the word.  A Mirad alphabetic spell in the shape of consonant+vowel loses its vowel before a spell consisting of just a vowel.  For example, '''ba''' + '''e''' becomes '''be'''.
 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Mirad Language Names
|-
! ISO Language Name !! Country or ISO Code !! Mirad Language Name
|-
| Abkhazian  || abk || '''Abakid'''
|-
| Afar  ||  aar || '''Aarod'''
|-
| Afrikaans  || '''Zafem'''....''South Africa''  || '''Zafed'''
|-
| Akan  ||  aka || '''Akad''' (&lt; a + ki + a +d, where ki + a = ka)
|-
| Albanian  ||  '''Alibam'''....''Albania'' || '''Alibad'''
|-
| Amharic  ||  amh || '''Amihed'''
|-
| Arabic  ||  ara || '''Arad'''
|-
| Aragonese  ||  arg || '''Aroged'''
|-
| Armenian  ||  '''Aromim''' || '''Heyud'''
|-
| Assamese  ||  asm || '''Asomid'''
|-
| Avaric  ||  ava || '''Avad'''
|-
| Avestan  ||  ave || '''Aved'''
|-
| Aymara  ||  aym || '''Ayumid'''
|-
| Azerbaijani  ||  '''Azem'''....''Azerbaijan'' || '''Azed'''
|-
| Bambara  ||  bam || '''Bamid'''
|-
| Bashkir  ||  bak || '''Bakirod'''
|-
| Basque  ||  baq || '''Baqod'''
|-
| Belarusian  ||  '''Balirom'''....''Belarusia'' || '''Balirod'''
|-
| Bengali  ||  '''Bagedim'''....''Bangladesh'' || '''Bagedid'''
|-
| Bislama  ||  bis || '''Bisod'''
|-
| Bosnian  ||  '''Bihem'''....''Bosnia'' || '''Bihed'''
|-
| Breton  ||  bre || '''Bared'''
|-
| Bulgarian  ||  '''Bagerom'''....''Bulgaria'' || '''Bagerod'''
|-
| Burmese  ||  '''Mimirom'''....''Miyanmar'' || '''Mimirod'''
|}
...and so on...


: The language names can be adjectivized by suffixing '''-a''', eg:
::* '''Eniged'''....''(the) English (language)'' ==&gt; '''Enigeda'''....''(in the) English (language)''
::* '''Hia Enigeda dreun se testiyofwa.'''....''This English language document is incomprehensible.''

: The language names can be verbalized with the addition of '''-der'''....''to say'', '''-daler'''....''to speak'', and '''-xer'''....''to translate into'', eg:
::* '''Ferad'''....''French'' ==&gt; '''Ferader'''....''to say in French''
::* '''Esopod'''....''Spanish'' ==&gt; '''Esopodaler'''....''to speak Spanish''
::* '''Arad'''....''Arabic'' ==&gt; '''Aradxer'''....''to Arabicize/translate into Arabic''
::* '''Ferad bayse gla Enigedxwasi.'''....''French has many Anglicizations.''

: The speaker of a language is created by adding '''-ut''' or '''-alut''', eg:
::* '''Eniged'''....''English'' ==&gt; '''Enigedut (or) Enigedalut'''....''English speaker''
::* '''Duven et Enigedale?'''....''Do you speak English?''
::* '''Aradu hia dun.'''....''Say this word in Arabic.''
::* '''At se Itadut/Itadalut.'''....''I am a speaker of Italian.''

: Specialized forms, dialects, levels, and regional variants of languages are expressed as follows:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Language Variants
|-
! Variation Category !! Example
|-
| '''Ajna'''....''Old/Ancient'' || '''Ajna Eniged'''....''Old English, Anglo-Saxon''
|-
| '''Ejoba'''....''Modern'' || '''Ejoba Perod'''....''Modern Persian, Farsi''
|-
| '''Visauna'''....''Classical'' || '''Visauna Gerocad'''....''Classical Greek''
|-
| '''Vyirina'''....''Puristic'' || '''Vyirina Gerocad'''....''Katharevousa (Puristic Greek)''
|-
| '''Tyoda'''....''Vulgar/Popular/Demotic'' || '''Tyoda Latod'''....''Vulgar Latin''&lt;br&gt;'''Tyoda Gerocad'''....''Demotic Greek''
|-
| '''Fyaxela'''....''Liturgical'' || '''Fyaxela Hebad'''....''Liturgical Hebrew''
|-
| '''Fyadyesa'''....''Biblical'' || '''Fyadyesa Hebad'''....''Biblical Hebrew''
|-
| '''Egona'''....''Standard'' || '''Ejoba Egona Arad'''....''Modern Standard Arabic''
|-
| '''Egema'''....''Egyptian'' || '''Egema Arad'''....''Egyptian Arabic''
|-
| '''Usoma'''....''American'' || '''Usoma Eniged'''....''American English''
|}

: There are some languages with no ISO code that have to be formed in another way, in particular, Mirad itself.
::* '''Mirad'''....''Mirad'' ('''Mir'''....''world'')
::* '''Meurad'''....''Martian'' ('''Meur'''...''Mars'')

::* ''Celtic'', which is the name of a family of languages, is represented by the ISO code &quot;cel&quot; and is therefore called '''Celid''' in Mirad.
::* ''Indo-European'', with the code &quot;ine&quot;, translates to '''Inied''' in Mirad.

==== Cities and Their Residents ====

: Here are some key cities, their adjectival forms, and inhabitants.  The adjective can end in '''-a''' or '''-yena'''.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Cities and Their Residents
|-
! City !! Adjective !! Inhabitant
|-
| '''Paris'''....''Paris'' || '''Paris&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Parisian'' || '''Paris&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Parisian''
|-
| '''Ejna York'''....''New York'' || '''Ejna York&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''of New York'' || '''Ejna York&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''New Yorker''
|-
| '''Rom'''....''Rome'' || '''Rom&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Roman'' || '''Rom&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Roman''
|-
| '''Beijing'''....''Beijing'' || '''Beijing&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''of Beijing'' || '''Beijing&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''resident of Beijing''
|-
| '''Berlin'''....''Berlin'' || '''Berlin&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''from Berlin'' || '''Berlin&lt;u&gt;at&lt;/u&gt;'''....''Berliner''
|}
: Examples:

:* '''Berlina diti dyunwe Berlinati.'''....''Berlin citizens are called Berliners.''
:* '''Bostonati bayse Bostonyena deus.'''....''Bostonians have a Bostonian accent.''

=== Playing Cards Notation ===
: The playing card suits and prime denominations are:

::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ Playing Card Suits
|-
! Mirad !! English !! Image
|-
| '''tiib''' || ''heart''|| &lt;big&gt;{{cards|h}}&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| '''melukar''' || ''spade''|| &lt;big&gt;{{cards|s}}&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| '''amez''' || ''diamond''|| &lt;big&gt;{{cards|d}}&lt;/big&gt;
|-
| '''infayeb''' || ''club''|| &lt;big&gt;{{cards|c}}&lt;/big&gt;
|}
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller&quot;
|+ High Cards plus the Joker
|-
! Mirad !! English !! Image
|-
| '''Az bi tiibi''' || ''ace of hearts''||[[File:Simple_h_a.svg|40px|thumb]]
|-
| '''Edweb bi melukari'''||''king of spades''||[[File:Simple_s_k.svg|40px|thumb]]
|-
| '''Edeyb bi amezi'''||''queen of diamonds''||[[File:Simple_d_q.svg|40px|thumb]]
|-
| '''Yuxtwobet bi infayebi''' || ''jack of clubs''||[[File:Simple_c_j.svg|40px|thumb]]
|-
| '''hihiduut''' || ''joker''|| [[File:Simple_jk_b.svg|40px|thumb]]
|}

: Some useful terms:
::* '''eker drafi'''....''to play cards''
::* '''zyabuer ha drafi'''....''to deal the card''
::* '''ebnapxer ha drafi'''....''to shuffle the cards''
::* '''goler ha nyan'''....''to cut the deck''
::* '''ujber'''....''to fold''
::* '''durer'''....''to bid''
::* '''lokoxer draf'''....''to turn over a card''
::* '''lokoxer ota tuyab'''....''to show one's hand''
::* '''abnabxer'''....''to trump''
::* '''ekdrafnyan'''....''deck of cards''
::* '''nab'''....''suit''
::* '''joper nab'''...''to follow suit''
::* '''kyesdraf'''....''wild card''
::* '''abnaba draf'''....''trump card''
::* '''ha yannas'''....''the pot''
::* '''ha nax'''....''the ante''
::* '''yaber ha nax'''....''to up/raise the ante''

=== Chess Piece Nomenclature ===
{{chess diagram
| tright
| 
|= 

 8 |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd|=
 7 |pd|pd|pd|pd|  |pd|pd|pd|=
 6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |=
 5 |  |  |  |  |pd|  |  |  |=
 4 |  |  |  |  |pl|pl|  |  |=
 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |=
 2 |pl|pl|pl|pl|  |  |pl|pl|=
 1 |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl|=
    a  b  c  d  e  f  g  h  

| The King's Gambit
}}
: The game of chess is called '''xahifek''' in Mirad.
: The chess pieces ('''xahifek goyni''') are as follows:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Chess Piece Names
|-
! Mirad !! English !! Image
|-
| '''edweb''' || ''king'' || [[File:Chess_klt45.svg|thumb|30px]]
|-
| '''edeyb''' || ''queen'' || [[File:Chess_qlt45.svg|30px|thumb]]
|-
| '''efyaxeb''' || ''bishop'' || [[File:Chess_blt45.svg|30px|thumb]]
|-
| '''ekpetob''' || ''knight'' || [[File:Chess_nlt45.svg|30px|thumb]]
|-
| '''tamaz''' || ''rook''  || [[File:Chess_rlt45.svg|30px|thumb]]
|-
| '''melyexut''' || ''pawn''  || [[File:Chess_plt45.svg|30px|thumb]]
|}
: Some chess terms:
::* ''to checkmate''....'''xahpexer'''
::* ''Check!''....''Xah!''
::* ''Checkmate!''....'''xahpexwa!'''
::* ''chess board''....'''xahifek seym, xahifek drof'''
::* ''to move a piece''....'''paxer goun'''
::* ''to capture a piece''....'''pixler goun'''
::* ''chess clock''....'''xahifek jwobar'''
::* ''chess set''....''xahifek gounyan''
::* ''chess tournament''....'''xahifekanyan'''
::* ''chess player''....'''xehifekut'''
::* ''my turn''....'''ata zyuj'''
::* ''score''....'''aoksag'''
::* ''world champion''....'''miraklut'''

=== Botanical Nomenclature ===
: The plant world is a mighty big place and the names of all those flowers, fruits, vegetables, plants, etc. are very difficult to put into a rational naming scheme any better that the existing one using Latin appelations classified into phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species. This botanical world in Mirad, much like the system for coding the zoological world, is coded by a system of syllables that relate to the [https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy|international Linnaean taxonomy].

==== Base Names ====

: So, in Mirad, botanical organism names have at their base the following words:
::* '''fab'''....trees
:::* '''feb'''....''fruits and nuts''
::* '''fayb'''....''vines and shrubs''
:::* '''feyb'''....''berries''
::* '''vob'''....''crops''
::* '''vol'''....''vegetables''
::* '''veel'''....''legumes and beans''
::* '''vos'''....''flowers''

==== Specific Names ====

: To create more specific names, syllables derived from the Greco-Latin Linnaean Taxonomy, spelled to conform to Mirad pronuncation, are prefixed left-to-right onto one of the above base categories, with the left-most syllable representing the most specific taxon.  So, for example, ''pine'' tree is rendered as '''pifab'''.  The '''pi''' prefix is the first syllable of the family of pine trees ''&lt;u&gt;Pi&lt;/u&gt;naceae''.  The '''fab''' ending applies to all trees.  To specify other trees in this family, other syllables are prepended, eg. ''cedar tree'' is '''&lt;u&gt;ce&lt;/u&gt;pifab''' from ''Pianaceae &lt;u&gt;Ce&lt;/u&gt;drus''.  A ''cedar of Lebanon'' is '''&lt;u&gt;li&lt;/u&gt;cepifab''' from the more specific ''Pinaceae Cedrus &lt;u&gt;li&lt;/u&gt;bani''.
: By constructing botanical terms this way, all pine trees can be listed by searching for all names ending in '''pifab'''. 

[[File:171 Magnolien.JPG|thumb|]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ '''Basic Botanical Terms'''
|-
|valign=top|'''fob'''....''plant''||valign=top|'''vob'''....''crop''||valign=top|'''vol'''....''vegetable''||valign=top|'''vos'''....''flower''
|-
|valign=top|'''fab'''....''tree''&lt;br&gt;'''fayeb'''....''leaf''&lt;br&gt;'''faob'''....''wood''&lt;br&gt;'''fayob'''....''bark''||valign=top|'''vab'''....''grass''&lt;br&gt;'''vayob'''....''peel''|| ||'''vosayeb'''....''petal''&lt;br&gt;'''vosayob'''....''sepal''
|-
|valign=top|'''feb'''....''fruit/nut''||valign=top|'''veb'''....''ear/tuft''&lt;br&gt;'''veeb'''....''seed''&lt;br&gt;'''veeyb'''....''grain''||valign=top|'''veel'''....''legume''||'''voseb'''....''capitulum''
|-
|valign=top|'''fib'''....''trunk''||valign=top|'''vib'''....''stem'' || || '''vosib'''....''receptacle''
|-
|valign=top|'''fub'''....''branch''||valign=top|'''vub'''....''blade''&lt;br&gt;'''vulob'''....''thorn'' || || 
|-
|valign=top|'''fyob'''....''root''||valign=top|'''vyob'''....''tuber'' || || '''vosyob'''....''peduncle''
|}

===== Product Names =====
: Products derived from plants are formed with the following words:
::* '''-fiil'''....''juice (from a pome)''
:::* '''licirufeil'''....''lemon juice'' &lt; '''licirufeb'''....''lemon''
::* '''-feel'''....''-ade''
:::* '''licirufeel'''....''lemonade'' &lt; '''licirufeb'''....''lemon''
::* '''-feyl'''....''juice (from a berry or bean)''
:::* '''kofeyl'''....''coffee'' &lt; '''kofeyb'''....''coffee bean''
::* '''-fayel'''....''leaf juice''
:::* '''tefayel'''....''tea'' &lt; '''tefayeb'''....''tea leaf''
::* '''-fil'''....''alcoholic drink/cider''
:::* '''zepofil'''....''bourbon whiskey'' &lt; '''zepovob'''....''corn''
::* '''-fyel'''....''oil/jam/syrup''
:::* '''frarofyel'''....''strawberry jam'' &lt; '''frarofeyb'''....''strawberry''
::* '''-fyeyl'''....''jelly''
:::* '''frarofyeyl'''....''strawberry jelly''
::* '''-ol'''....''grounds/powder''
:::* '''sakol'''....''sugar'' &lt; '''sakvob'''....''sugar cane''

: Individual derivations of these base words are formed exactly as the names of animals in the section [[Mirad_Grammar#Zoological_Nomenclature|Zoological Nomenclature]].  For example, an ''apple'' is from the &lt;u&gt;Ro&lt;/u&gt;saceae family of trees, the genus being ''&lt;u&gt;Ma&lt;/u&gt;lus''.  So the word for ''apple'' becomes '''marofeb'''.  ''Apple tree'' is '''marofab''' and ''apple juice'' is '''marofiil'''.  Thus, ''apple cider'' is '''marofil'''.

===== Crops =====
: Crops are grassy plants that humans cultivate for clothing, food, medicine, or other social needs. Individual crop names are formed by prefixing the base '''vob''' with taxonomic syllables.
[[File:Usdaemmer1.jpg|thumb|]]

: The base words of this group are:

::* '''-vob'''....''crop''
::* '''-vab'''....''grass''
::* '''-vayeb'''....''leaf''
::* '''-veb'''....''ear, cob, head, spike, tuft''
::* '''-veeb'''....''seed, germ''
::* '''-veel'''....''bean, legume''
::* '''-veeyb'''....''grain, kernel, pip''
::* '''-vib'''....''stem''
::* '''-vub'''....''blade, sprig, twig''
::* '''-vyob'''....''tuber''
::* '''-vel'''....''edible product''
::* '''-vil'''....''drinkable product, beer''
::* '''-vyel'''....''syrup''
::* '''-vol'''....''vegetable''

: From the above base words are derived these products, among others:

::* '''sakol'''....''sugar'' &lt; '''sakvob'''....''sugarcane''
::* '''povel'''....''bread'' &lt; '''povob'''....''cereal''
::* '''zepovyel'''....''corn syrup, corn oil'' &lt; '''zepovob'''....''corn''
::* '''zepovil'''....''whiskey, bourbon''
::* '''sepovil'''....''rye whiskey'' &lt; '''zepovob'''....''rye''
::* '''povil'''....''beer''
::* '''epovil'''....''ale''
::* '''avpovob mekil'''....''oatmeal'' &lt; '''avpovob'''....''oat''
::* '''orpovob zyiglal'''....''rice cake'' &lt; '''orpovob'''....''rice''
::* '''mekuvol'''....''melon''

===== Vegetables and Legumes =====
: Vegetables are crops grown by human for food.  Individual vegetable names are formed by prefixing the base '''vol''' (''vegetable'') or '''veel''' (''legume, bean'') with classifier syllables derived from the international Linnean Taxonomy.  Vegetables can consist of bulbs, flowers, fruits, fungi, leaves, roots, seeds, legumes, beans, or stalks.
[[File:Hrushikesh kulkarni vegetables.JPG|thumb|]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Vegetables
|-
! Edible Crop !! Taxonomy
|-
! colspan=2| LEGUMES: EDIBLE SEEDS
|-
|'''faveel'''....''bean'' || ''Fabaceae Phaseolus vulgaris''
|-
|'''lensfaveel'''....''lentil'' || ''Fabaceae Lens culinaris''
|-
|'''glifaveel'''....''soybeen'' || ''Fabaceae Glycine max''
|-
|'''vigfaveel'''....''black-eyed pea'' || ''Fabaceae Faseolus vigna unguiculata''
|-
! colspan=2 | Vegetables: Berries/Fruits
|-
|'''lisovol'''....''tomato'' || ''Solanaceae Solanum lycopersicum''
|-
|'''mesovol'''....''eggplant'' || ''Solanaceae Solanum melongena''
|-
|'''perlawvol'''....''avocado'' || ''Lauraceae Persea americana''
|-
|'''sakuvol'''....''cucumber'' || ''Cucurbitaceae Cucumis sativus''
|-
|'''cinasvol'''....''artichoke'' || ''Asteraceae Cynara cardunculus''
|-
|'''akapsovol'''....''chili pepper'' || ''Solanaceae Capsicum annuum''
|-
|'''abmalvol'''....''okra'' || ''Malvaceae Abelmoschus esculentus''
|-
! colspan=2 |bulbs
|-
|'''amalvol'''....''leek'' || ''Allium ampeloprasum''
|-
|'''cepalvol'''....''onion'' || ''Allium cepa''
|-
|'''alkalvol'''....''shallot'' || ''Alium ascalonicum''
|-
|'''satalvol'''....''garlic'' || ''Allium sativum''
|-
|'''zinvol'''....''ginger'' || ''Zingiberaceae Zingiber officinale''
|-
|'''skoynalvol'''....''chive'' || ''Allium Schoenoprasum''
|-
|'''foynapvol'''....''fennel'' || ''Apiaceae Phoenix dactylifera''
|-
! colspan=2 | melons/gourds
|-
|'''kuvol'''....''squash, gourd''|| ''Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita''
|-
|'''makuvol'''....''pumpkin'' || ''Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita maxima''
|-
|'''mekuvol'''....''melon, honeydew, cantaloupe'' || ''Cucurbitaceae Cucumis melon''
|-
|'''cikuvol'''....''watermelon'' || ''Cucurbitaceae Citrullus lanatus''
|-
|'''pekuvol'''....''zucchini'' || ''Cucurbitaceae Cucurbita pepo''
|-
! colspan=2 | Tubers/Root Vegetables
|-
|'''tusovol'''....''potato'' || ''Solanaceae Solanum tuberosum''
|-
|'''betamvol'''....''beet, beetroot'' || ''Amaranthaceae Beta vulgaris''
|-
|'''rafbravol'''....''radish''|| ''Brassicaceae Raphanus raphanistrum sativus''
|-
|'''kadawapvol'''....''carrot''||''Apiaceae Daucus carota''
|-
|'''nabravol'''....''turnip''|| ''Brassica napus''
|-
|'''cinasvol'''....''artichoke'' || ''Asteraceae Cynara cardunculus''
|-
|'''pasavol'''....''parsnip'' ||''Apiaceae Pastinaca sativa''
|-
|'''eskolaravol'''....''taro'' ||''Araceae Colocasia esculenta''
|-
|'''divol'''....''yam'' ||''Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea''
|-
! colspan=2| Leafy/Flowering Vegetables
|-
|'''bravol'''....''cabbage'' || ''Brassicaceae''
|-
|'''botrolbravol'''....''cauliflower''||''Brassica oleracea botrytis''
|-
|'''gemolbravol'''....''Brussels sprouts''|| ''Brassica oleracea gemmifera''
|-
|'''valkavol'''....''corn salad, lamb's lettuce''|| ''Caprifocilaceae Valerianella locusta''
|-
|'''lakasvol'''....''lettuce''|| ''Asteraceae Lactuta sative''
|-
|'''spinamvol'''....''spinach'' || ''Amaranthaceae Spinancia oleracea''
|-
|'''rupolivol'''....''sorrel''|| ''Polygonaceae Rumex acetosa''
|-
|'''tarasvol'''....''mustard greens''|| ''Asteraceae Taraxacum officinale''
|-
|'''itolbravol'''....''broccoli''|| ''Brassica Oleracea italica''
|-
|'''abmalvol'''....''okra''|| ''Malvaceae Abelmoschus esculentus''
|-
|'''petapvol'''....''parsley''|| ''Apiaceae Petroselinum crispum''
|-
|'''basoclamvol'''....''basil''|| ''Lamiaceae Ocimum basilicum''
|-
|'''orlamvol'''....''thyme''|| ''Lamiaceae Origanum vulgare''
|-
|'''encivol'''....''chicory, endive''|| ''Cichorium endivia''
|-
|'''nasbravol'''....''watercress''|| ''Brassicaceae Nasturtium officinale''
|-
|'''korapvol'''....''coriander''|| ''Apiaceae Coridandrum sativum''
|-
! colspan=2 | Stalks
|-
|'''aspavol'''....''asparagus''|| ''Asparagaceae Asparagus officinalis''
|-
|'''gravapvol'''....''celery''|| ''Apiaceae Apium graveolens''
|-
|'''rewmpolivol'''....''rhubarb''|| ''Polygonaceae Rheum hybridum''
|-
|'''kurzinvol'''....''turmeric''|| ''Zingiberaceae Curcuma longa''
|-
|'''kokarvol'''....''heart of palm, swamp cabbage''|| ''Arecaceae Cocos''
|-
|'''cimpovol'''....''lemongrass''|| ''Poaceae Cymbopogon''
|}

==== Common Flower Names ====
[[File:Madeira-flowers hg.jpg|thumb|]]
===== Flower Parts =====
: Flower names are built on the base name '''vos''', meaning ''flower''.  First, here is a list of flower parts:
::* '''vosayob'''....''sepal''
::* '''vosayeb'''....''petal''
::* '''vosib'''....''receptacle''
::* '''veeybpexus''' or '''vosmekibar'''....''stigma''
::*'''vosij'''....''bud, flower bud''
::* '''tooybgon'''....''pistil''
::* '''veeybyan'''....''pollen''
::* '''twoobgon'''....''stamen''
::* '''twoobgonyif'''....''filament''
::* '''veeybyem''' or '''vosmekuar'''....''anther''
::* '''vosyob'''....''peduncle''

===== Flower Names =====
[[File:Tulipa suaveolens floriade to Canberra.jpg|thumb|]]
: Common flower names are generated by prefixing classifying syllables to the base '''vos''' that reflect the Linnaean taxonomic specification.  Here are some examples:

: '''&lt;u&gt;som&lt;/u&gt;pavos'''....''opium poppy'' (''&lt;u&gt;Pa&lt;/u&gt;paver &lt;u&gt;som&lt;/u&gt;niferum'')
: '''&lt;u&gt;mag&lt;/u&gt;vos'''....''magnolia'' (''&lt;u&gt;Mag&lt;/u&gt;noliaceae Magnolia'')
: '''&lt;u&gt;or&lt;/u&gt;vos'''....''orchid'' (''&lt;u&gt;Or&lt;/u&gt;chidaceae Orchis'')
: '''&lt;u&gt;krokir&lt;/u&gt;vos'''....''crocus'' (''&lt;u&gt;Ir&lt;/u&gt;idaceae &lt;u&gt;Cro&lt;/u&gt;cus'')

=== Computer Terminology ===
[[File:Generic-office-desktop2.svg|thumb]]
: This section will be ever-changing as new technology emerges.
{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable collapsable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Computerese
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
|'''agna saibyan syaagir'''||''mainframe computer''
|-
|'''absem syaagir'''||''desktop computer''
|-
|'''agbanak'''||''byte''
|-
|'''ajnexer'''||''to archive''
|-
|'''amloagbanak'''||''megabyte''
|-
|'''anay dyewa tax'''||''read-only memory, ROM''
|-
|'''aota syaagir'''||''personal computer''
|-
|'''aottuunyan'''||''profile''
|-
|'''meys'''||''port''
|-
|'''apaxler'''||''to swipe''
|-
|'''aroagbanak'''||''kilobyte''
|-
|'''baler buxnuf'''||''to press/hit a key''
|-
|'''banak'''||''bit''
|-
|'''agdresin kyoxea buxnuf'''||''caps lock key''
|-
|'''buxnuf'''||''key''
|-
|'''buxnufsemes'''||''keyboard''
|-
|'''buxnufseym'''||''keypad''
|-
|'''izeaxus'''||''cursor''
|-
|'''byuxseym'''||''touchpad''
|-
|'''datier'''||''to friend''
|-
|'''dodrer ebdras'''||''to post a message''
|-
|'''dota zeyni'''||''social media''
|-
|'''ebdrer'''||''to text''
|-
|'''dreun'''||''document''
|-
|'''dreuzyufer'''||''to scroll, pan''
|-
|'''droer naab'''||''to delete a file''
|-
|'''drou buxnuf'''||''delete key''
|-
|'''drur'''||''printer''
|-
|'''drurer naab'''||''to print out a file''
|-
|'''drurer'''||''to print out''
|-
|'''druru mays buxnuf'''||''print screen key''
|-
|'''drurun'''||''a printout''
|-
|'''dunexlus'''||''word processor''
|-
|'''dyessiyn'''||''bookmark''
|-
|'''dyezier'''||''to take a movie''
|-
|'''ebdayler'''||''to chat''
|-
|'''ebdaylim'''||''chatroom''
|-
|'''emojin'''||''emoji''
|-
|'''ex buxnuf'''||''function key''
|-
|'''exen vyaab'''||''operating system''
|-
|'''extuundras'''||''program, application''
|-
|'''extuundrasog'''||''app''
|-
|'''extuunmul'''||''software''
|-
|'''extuundrer'''||''to program''
|-
|'''fuk'''||''bug''
|-
|'''fukaya'''||''buggy''
|-
|'''fukober'''||''to debug''
|-
|'''garalyoagbanak'''||''petabyte''
|-
|'''gelxer naab'''||''to copy a file''
|-
|'''googler'''||''to google''
|-
|'''gyia kyos yebiar'''||''solid state drive, SSD''
|-
|'''gyia zyiun yebiar'''||''cd drive''
|-
|'''haydren dyun'''||''login name''
|-
|'''haydrer bay tuyubbal'''||''to log in with one's fingerprint''
|-
|'''haydrer'''||''to log in''
|-
|'''hoydrer'''||''to log out''
|-
|'''huisteaxar'''||''browser''
|-
|'''kyeteaxer'''||''to browse''
|-
|'''hyux buxnuf'''||''alt key''
|-
|'''iber naab'''||''to receive a file''
|-
|'''ila mez sinuar, IMS'''||''liquid crystal display, LDC''
|-
|'''izbex buxnuf'''||''control key''
|-
|'''izbexdrof'''||''motherboard''
|-
|'''kliker ab'''||''click on''
|-
|'''kodun'''||''password''
|-
|'''gawdyunxer naab'''||''to rename a file''
|-
|'''kyabu buxnuf'''||''shift key''
|-
|'''kyea yempuen tax'''||''random access memory, RAM''
|-
|'''kyisier naab'''||''to download a file''
|-
|'''kyisuer naab'''||''to upload a file''
|-
|'''kyisuar'''||''charger''
|-
|'''kyisuer'''||''to charge''
|-
|'''lodatier'''||''to unfriend''
|-
|'''makebdren'''||''email''
|-
|'''makebdrer'''||''to email''
|-
|'''man-oyebubea enmep sinuar, MOES'''||''LED''
|-
|'''mansin dyes'''||''photo album''
|-
|'''mis'''||''window''
|-
|'''naab'''||''file''
|-
|'''naedzyun'''||''trackball''
|-
|'''nagonxar'''||''modem''
|-
|'''neaf mansiniar'''||''web camera''
|-
|'''nexer naab'''||''to save a file''
|-
|'''num yibdalir'''||''cellphone''
|-
|'''belyafwa syaagir'''||''laptop computer''
|-
|'''ooggos'''||''microchip''
|-
|'''oogteexar'''||''microphone''
|-
|'''omijber'''||''to boot up''
|-
|'''omola tyep, OT'''||''artificial intelligence, AI''
|-
|'''gawomijber'''||''to reboot''
|-
|'''paxer naab'''||''to move a file''
|-
|'''paxyafwa yibdalir'''||''mobile phone''
|-
|'''poxu zyumuf buxnuf'''||''scroll lock key''
|-
|'''sagbexu buxnuf'''||''numlock key''
|-
|'''sagseym'''||''number pad''
|-
|'''sam'''||''console''
|-
|'''saunesber naab'''||''to sort a file''
|-
|'''semes syaagir'''||''tablet computer''
|-
|'''sindren semes'''||''graphics tablet''
|-
|'''sindrenyan exlen aun'''||''graphics processing unit, GPU''
|-
|'''sines'''||''icon''
|-
|'''sinuar'''||''screen, display, monitor''
|-
|'''syaager'''||''to compute''
|-
|'''syaagir'''||''computer''
|-
|'''syaagirdal'''||''computerese''
|-
|'''syaagirtun'''||''computer science''
|-
|'''syaagnyed'''||''spreadsheet''
|-
|'''taam mays'''||''home screen''
|-
|'''taampu buxnuf'''||''home key''
|-
|'''sirmul'''||''hardware, physical matter''
|-
|'''taxdrer'''||''to record''
|-
|'''taxmuf'''||''memory stick''
|-
|'''teataxdrer'''||''to video''
|-
|'''teataxdrun'''||''video''
|-
|'''tuunnabyan'''||''database''
|-
|'''tuyab izdar'''||''mouse''
|-
|'''uber naab'''||''to send a file''
|-
|'''uinig buxnuf'''||''tab key''
|-
|'''utmansin'''||''selfie''
|-
|'''yaybdreniv sindren dalzeyn (YSD)'''||''HTML''
|-
|'''yeber'''||''to enter, insert''
|-
|'''yebu buxnuf'''||''enter key, return key, insert key''
|-
|'''yiga zyiun yebiar'''||''hard disk drive, HDD''
|-
|'''yijber naab'''||''to open a file''
|-
|'''yujber naab'''||''to close a file''
|-
|'''yuzpemdrof'''||''circuitboard''
|-
|'''zea exlen aun'''||''central processing unit, CPU''
|-
|'''zoynigxu buxnuf'''||''backspace key''
|-
|'''zyiun yebiar'''||''disk drive''
|}

=== Medical and Pharmaceutical Terminology ===
: This is a vast field where the limited morpheme aggregate of Mirad cannot serve to translate all the technical vocabulary.  It will, therefore, translate only very common words and leave the rest in Greco-Latin as do many natural languages.
==== Medical Diseases ====
: Some common medical conditions can be readily be translated in Mirad using its existing set of morphemes, eg.
::* '''tiebalyoganbok'''....''asthma'' (lit: shortness of breath illness)
::* '''tiebbok'''....''pneumonia'' (lit: lung illness)
::* '''teibbok'''....''rhinitis'' (lit: nose illness)
::* '''tayibblok'''....''neuropathy'' (lit: nerve suffering)
::* '''tebbyoyk'''....''headache'' (lit: head ache)
::* '''teibzyegikanbok'''....''osteoporosis'' (lit: bone porosity illness)

==== Pharmaceuticals ====
: Medicines can be referred to by their trade names, some of which have been genericized.
::* '''aspirin'''....''aspirin''
::* '''Ibupropen'''....''Ibupropen''

: Others can be translated by words indicating the purpose:
::* '''bukpoyxol, bukkyuxlol'''....''analgesic, painkiller'' (Lit: pain reliever)
::* '''tikebilokxol'''....''emetic'' (Lit: vomit-inducing-substance)

: Less common drugs, and any drugs for that matter, can be referred to by the official International Nonproprietary Name (INN) (see [https://www.who.int/teams/health-product-and-policy-standards/inn|International Nonproprietary Names]).  For example, ''phenobarbital''.  In case a Greco-Roman name is used, the following pronunciation guide applies to Mirad:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ INN names pronunciation
|-
! Greco-Roman&lt;br&gt;Spelling !! Mirad&lt;br&gt;Pronunciation
|-
| ch || '''k'''
|-
| ph || '''f'''
|-
| x || '''ks'''
|-
| y || '''i'''
|-
| qu || '''kw'''
|-
| rh || '''r'''
|-
| th || '''t'''
|-
| ae || '''ay'''
|-
| oe || '''oy'''
|-
| c before i, e, or y || '''c'''
|-
| c otherwise || '''k'''
|-
| final e || silent
|-
| double consonant || single consonant
|}
: Examples:
::* '''acetaminophen'''....''a-ce-ta-mi-no-FEN''
::* '''amphetamine'''....''am-fe-ta-MIN''
::* '''trimethroprim'''....''tri-me-tro-PRIM''
::* '''sulfamethoxazole'''....''sul-fa-me-to-ksa-ZOL''
::* '''oxacillin'''....''o-ksa-ci-LIN''

=== Mineral and Crystal Nomenclature ===
: Minerals end in '''-muk''' with a prefix related to the official 3-letter International Mineorological Association (IMA) symbol name (see [[Wikipedia:List_of_mineral_symbols|The Wikipedia List of Mineral Symbols]]).  The IMA name is substituted with lower-case Mirad alphabetic spellings.  For example:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Some Mineral Names
|-
! English!! IMA Symbol !! Mirad Spellings !! Mirad Name
|-
| ''argyrodyte'' || Agy || '''a-ge-yu''' || '''ageyumuk'''
|-
|''brochantyte'' || Bct || '''ba-ca-to''' || '''bacatomuk'''
|-
|''chromite'' || Chr || '''ca-he-ro''' || '''caheromuk'''
|}

: There are some minerals having an IMA with a hyphenated suffix of one or two letters.  In that case, the extra letters are added to the name (without the hyphen), eg.:
::* ''Lemmleinite-K'' (Lem-k) is '''liemikomuk''' in Mirad.
: Crystals end in '''-mez'''. The first part of the word is an enumeration.
: The common crystals are listed here:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Names of Common Crystals
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
| '''mez''' || ''crystal''
|-
| '''amez''' || ''diamond''
|-
| '''emez''' || ''topaz''
|-
| '''imez''' || ''ruby''
|-
| '''umez''' || ''emerald''
|-
| '''yomez''' || ''sapphire''
|-
| '''yamez''' || ''lapis lazuli''
|-
| '''yemez''' || ''amethyst''
|-
| '''yimez''' || ''amber''
|-
| '''yumez''' || ''quartz''
|-
| '''alomez''' || ''opal''
|-
| '''alamez''' || ''tourmaline''
|-
| '''alemez''' || ''garnet''
|-
| '''alimez''' || ''zirconia''
|-
| '''alumez''' || ''jasper''
|-
| '''alyomez''' || ''jade''
|-
| '''alyamez''' || ''marganite''
|}
: Other, less common crystals end in '''-mez''' and are formed from the Wikipedia list of mineral symbols.
: General words for earthen matter:
:* '''muk'''....''mineral''
:* '''muz'''....''ore''
:* '''mug'''....''metal''
:* '''mez'''....''crystal''
:* '''meg'''....''rock, stone''
::* '''megog'''....''pebble''
::* '''meges'''....''gravel''
:* '''mel'''....''soil''
:* '''meil'''....''mud''
:* '''mek'''....''dust''
:* '''miek'''....''sand''
:* '''mev'''....''porcelain''
:* '''mef'''....''brick''

==== Rock Classification ====
: The naming of individual rock types is based on the [[https://www.bgs.ac.uk/download/bgs-rock-classification-scheme-igneous/| BGS Rock Classification Scheme ]].
: All rocks (other than the general word for ''rock'', '''meg''') end in one of the following suffixes, depending on the main type:
::* '''ameg'''....''sedimentary rock''
::* '''emeg'''....''igneous rock''
::* '''imag'''....''metamorphic rock''

: The names for obscure rocks are taken from the BGS Rock Classification Scheme.  The final ''e'' is dropped from names that end in ''yte'' or ''ite''.  For example, ''trachydacite'' in the scheme becomes '''trachydacit''' in Mirad.  This word is then followed by one of the rock types above ('''emeg''' ''igneous rock'').  So ''trachydacite'' becomes '''trachydacitemeg''' in Mirad.  For obvious reason, all the thousands of rock names cannot be listed here or included in the Mirad dictionary.

:The word '''meg''' ''rock'' has some common derivatives:
::* '''megag'''....''boulder''
::* '''meg'''....''stone''
::* '''megog'''....''pebble''
::* '''meges'''....''gravel''
::* '''megyel'''....''cement, asphalt, bitumen''
:::* '''megyelyig'''....''concrete''
::* '''megil'''....''lava''
::* '''meggos'''....''crag''
::* '''megyig'''....''flintstone, basalt''
::* '''meag'''....''marble''
::* '''meeg'''....''slate''
::* '''meig'''....''granite''
::* '''meug'''....''clay, dough''
::* '''meyog'''....''china''
::* '''meyag'''....''chalk''
:::* '''meyaz'''....''pastel''
:::* '''meyayg'''....''calcite''
::* '''meyeg'''....''limestone, sediment''
::* '''meyig'''....''alabaster''
::* '''meyug'''....''gypsum''
::* '''mealog'''....''sandstone, stoneware''
::* '''mameg'''....''coal''
:::* '''eymameg'''....''coke''
:::* '''maameg'''....''anthracite''
:::* '''maemeg'''....''peat''
:::* '''maimeg'''....''lignite''

: Related are:
::* '''mek'''....''dust''
:::* '''mekes'''....''grit''
:::* '''mekil'''....''grout''
:::* '''meyk'''....''grit''
::* '''myek'''....''powder''
::* '''miek'''....''sand''
::* '''mieg'''....''coral''
::* '''mel'''....''dirt''
::* '''muk'''....''mineral''
::* '''meil'''....''mud''
::* '''mez'''....''crystal''
:::* '''meyz'''....''spar''
:::* '''meyzag'''....''feldspar''
::* '''muz'''....''ore''
::* '''memol'''....''alkali''
::* '''mimol'''....''salt''
::* '''mef'''....''brick''

=== Metric Nomenclature ===
[[File:Conversion Factors.png|thumb|]]
: Mirad uses the [[Wikt:International System of Units (SI)|International System of Units (SI)]]) for rendering measurement units.  These symbols are pronounced as if you were spelling each letter out (see [[Mirad_Grammar/Alphabet]].  Bear in mind that majuscules (uppercase letters are prefaced with the word '''ag-''' (''big'').  Similarly, Greek letters are spelled with the Greek names ('''alpha''', '''gamma''', etc.) preceded with the word '''ag-''' if majuscule ('''aggamma''' for ''&amp;Gamma;'')  The Mirad equivalent of the SI symbol for ''ohm'' (Ω) is '''agomega'''.  All metric units end in the word '''nak'''.
==== SI Base Units ====
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
!English&lt;br&gt;Unit&lt;br&gt;Name
!Symbolic&lt;br&gt;Abbeviation
!Quantity&lt;br&gt;Unit
!Mirad&lt;br&gt;Pronunciation
|-
!second
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |s
|time
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''sonak'''
|-
!meter
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |m
|length
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''minak'''
|-
!kilogram
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |kg
|mass
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''kigenak'''
|-
!ampere
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |A
|electric current
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''aganak'''
|-
!kelvin
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |K
|thermodynamic temperature
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''agkinak'''
|-
!Mole
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |mol
|amount of substance
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''miolinak'''
|-
!candela
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |cd
|luminous intensity 
|style=&quot;text-align:center&quot; |'''cadanak'''
|}

==== SI Derived Units ====
: Here are SI derived units with special names and symbols:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;SI derived units with special names and symbols&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! English&lt;br&gt;Name
! Symbolic&lt;br&gt;Written&lt;br&gt;Abbreviation
! Quantity&lt;br&gt;Unit
! Mirad&lt;br&gt;Pronunciation
|-
|'''radian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | rad
| plane angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''roadanak'''
|-
|'''steradian'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | sr
| solid angle
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''soronak'''
|-
|'''hertz'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Hz
| frequency
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aghezunak'''
|-
|'''newton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | N
| force, weight
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agninak'''
|-
| '''pascal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Pa
| pressure, stress
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agpoanak'''
|-
| '''joule'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | J
| energy
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agjinak'''
|-
| '''watt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | W
| power
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwunak'''
|-
| '''coulomb'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | C
| electric charge
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''agcanak'''
|-
| '''volt'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | V
| electrical potential difference
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agvunak'''
|-
| '''farad'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | F
| capacitance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agfenak'''
|-
| '''ohm'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Ω
| electrical resistance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agomeganak'''
|-
| '''Siemens'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | S
| electrical conductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsonak'''
|-
| '''Weber'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Wb
| magnetic flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agwubanak'''
|-
| '''tesla'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | T
| magnetic flux density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agtonak'''
|-
| '''henry'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | H
| inductance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aghenak'''
|-
| '''degree Celsius'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | °C
| temperature 
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''nogagcanak'''
|-
| '''lumen'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lm
| luminous flux
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''liminak'''
|-
| '''lux'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | lx
| illuminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''lixunak'''
|-
| '''becquerel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Bq
| radioactivity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbakonak'''
|-
| '''gray'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Gy
| absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aggeyunak'''
|-
| '''sievert'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | Sv
| equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agsovunak'''
|-
| '''katal'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kat
| catalytic activity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kiatonak'''
|-
| '''byte'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | B
| 8 bits of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''agbanak'''
|-
| '''bit'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | b
| one bit of information
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''banak'''
|}
: Also, here are some non-SI units that are very convenient and acceptable:

==== Convenient Non-SI Units ====
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Convenient non-SI units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! English&lt;br&gt;Name
! Symbolic&lt;br&gt;Written&lt;br&gt;Abbreviation
! Quantity&lt;br&gt;Unit
! Mirad&lt;br&gt;Pronunciation
|-
|'''litre'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | L
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''aglinak'''
|-
|'''hectare'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | ha
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''heabak'''
|-
|'''ton'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | t
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''tonak'''
|-
|'''decibel'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | dB
| loudness
| align=&quot;center&quot; |'''daagbanak'''
|}

==== Metrical Formulae ====
: The following chart shows how in Mirad to pronounce coherent derived unit formulae in terms of base units.  Note that the backslash means ''per'' or ''divided by'' and is pronounced '''gol'''.  The symbol x means ''times'' and is pronounced '''gal'''.  The superscript number is a power and is pronounced '''gar''' plus the number (with '''-wa''', if a unit number).  The negative superscript number is pronounced '''gor''' plus the number (again, with '''-wa''' if a unit number).  See [[Mirad Grammar/Determiners#Arithmetical Expressions|Arithmetical Expressions]] for further information on these terms.
  
::{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ &lt;big&gt;Examples of coherent derived units in terms of base units&lt;/big&gt;
|-
! Name
! Symbolic&lt;br&gt;Formula
! Derived&lt;br&gt;Quantity
! Typical &lt;br&gt;Symbol
! Mirad&lt;br&gt;Pronunciation
|-
| '''square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| area
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''A''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''meter per second'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s
| speed, velocity
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gol-so'''
|-
| '''meter per second squared'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m/s&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| acceleration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''a''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gol-so-gar-ewa'''
|-
|rowspan=2| '''reciprocal meter'''
|rowspan=2 align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
| wavenumber
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''σ''}}, {{math|''ṽ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gor-awa'''
|-
| vergence (optics)
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''V''}}, 1/{{math|''f''}}
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kige-gol-mi-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| surface density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}&lt;sub&gt;A&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kige-gol-mi-gar-ewa'''
|-
| '''cubic meter per kilogram'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;/kg
| specific volume
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''v''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mi-gar-iwa-gol-kige'''
|-
| '''ampere per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| current density
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''j''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aga-gol-mi-gar-ewa'''
|-
| Amperes per meter|'''ampere per meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | A/m
| magnetic field strength
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''H''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''aga-gol-mi'''
|-
| '''mole per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | mol/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; |{{math|''c''}}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''mioli-gol-mi-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''kilogram per cubic meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | kg/m&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;
| Mass concentration (chemistry)|mass concentration
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''ρ''}}, {{math|''γ'' }}
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''kige-gol-mi-gar-iwa'''
|-
| '''candela per square meter'''
| align=&quot;center&quot; | cd/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;
| luminance
| align=&quot;center&quot; | {{math|''L''}}&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | '''cada-gol-mi-gar-ewa'''
|}

==== Metric Micro and Macro Prefixes ====
: The SI has a whole list of prefixes that act as multipliers (macro) or dividers (micro) of the above and other measurement units.  For example, a ''kilometer'' is a meter times a 1,000 (macro unit), whereas a millimeter is a meter divided by a 1,000 (micro unit).  The SI symbol for ''b'' (byte) is pronounced '''ba''' in Mirad.  A terabyte ( ''Tb'') is therefore pronounced '''ag-to-ba''', which  This amounts ''10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; bytes''.  Here is a table showing the Mirad macro and micro prefixes:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Scalar Metrics
|-
! colspan=4 | Macro !! colspan=4 | Micro
|-
! Base&lt;br&gt;10!! US/UK Name!!Mirad Prefix&lt;br&gt;SI Prefix&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Mirad Pron. !!SI Symbol !! Base&lt;br&gt;10 !! (US/UK Name) !! Mirad Prefix&lt;br&gt;SI Prefix !! SI Symbol&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Mirad Pron. 
|-
| 1 || one || '''an-''' ... ''mono-, uni-'' || ||1/1 ||whole || '''ayn-'''&lt;br&gt;''holo-, uni-'' || 
|-
| 2 ||two || '''en-'''&lt;br&gt;''bi-'' || || 1/2 ||half||'''eyn-'''&lt;br&gt;''demi-, di-''||
|-
| 3 ||three || '''in-'''&lt;br&gt;''tri-'' || || 1/3 ||third ||'''iyn-'''&lt;br&gt;''terci-''||
|-
| 4 ||four || '''un-'''&lt;br&gt;''tetra-'' || || 1/4 ||fourth || '''uyn-'''&lt;br&gt;''quadri-''||
|-
| 5 ||five || '''yoon-''' &lt;br&gt;''penta-'' || || 1/5 ||fifth ||'''yoyn'''&lt;br&gt;''quinti-''||
|-
| 6 ||six || '''yaon-'''&lt;br&gt;''hexa-'' || || 1/6 ||sixth ||'''yayn'''&lt;br&gt;''sexti-''||
|-
| 7 ||seven || '''yen-'''&lt;br&gt;''hepta-'' || || 1/7 ||seventh || '''yeyn'''&lt;br&gt;''septi-''||
|-
| 8 ||eight || '''yin'''&lt;br&gt;''octo-'' ||  || 1/8 ||eighth || '''yiyn'''&lt;br&gt;''octi-''||
|-
| 9 ||nine || '''yun'''&lt;br&gt;''nona-'' || || 1/9 ||ninth || '''yuyn'''&lt;br&gt;''novi-''||
|-
| 10 ||ten || '''alo-'''&lt;br&gt;''deca-'' || ''da''&lt;br&gt;'''da-a-''' || 1/10 ||tenth || '''aloy-'''&lt;br&gt;''deci-''|| ''d''&lt;br&gt;'''da-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundred || '''aso-'''&lt;br&gt;''hexa-'' || ''h''&lt;br&gt;'''hi-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; ||hundredth  || '''asoy-'''&lt;br&gt;''centi-''|| ''c''&lt;br&gt;'''ca-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousand || '''amso-'''&lt;br&gt;''kilo-'' ||''k''&lt;br&gt;'''ki-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt; ||thousandth)|| '''amsoy-'''&lt;br&gt;''milli-''|| ''m''&lt;br&gt;'''mi-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; ||million || '''amlo-'''&lt;br&gt;''mega-'' || ''M''&lt;br&gt;'''agmi-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-6&lt;/sup&gt; ||millionth  || '''amloy-'''&lt;br&gt;''micro-''|| ''r''&lt;br&gt;'''ro-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billion /milliard || '''amro-'''&lt;br&gt;''giga-'' || ''G''&lt;br&gt;'''agge-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-9&lt;/sup&gt; ||billionth/ milliardth || '''amroy-'''&lt;br&gt;''nano-''|| ''n''&lt;br&gt;'''ni-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillion /billion || '''garale-'''&lt;br&gt;''tera-'' || ''T''&lt;br&gt;'''agto-''' || 10&lt;sup&gt;-12&lt;/sup&gt; ||trillionth / billionth)|| '''gorale-'''&lt;br&gt;''pico-''|| ''p''&lt;br&gt;'''po-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillion)/ billiard|| '''garalyo-'''&lt;br&gt;''peta-'' || ''P''&lt;br&gt;'''agpo-'''||10&lt;sup&gt;-15&lt;/sup&gt; ||quadrillionth) / billiardth || '''goralyo-'''&lt;br&gt;''femto-''||''f''&lt;br&gt;'''fe-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillion / trillion || '''garalyu-'''&lt;br&gt;''exa-'' || ''E''&lt;br&gt;'''age-'''||10&lt;sup&gt;-18&lt;/sup&gt; ||quintillionth)/ trillionth || '''goralyu'''&lt;br&gt;''atto-''||''a''&lt;br&gt;'''a-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillion)/ trilliard || '''garela-'''&lt;br&gt;''zetta-'' || ''Z''&lt;br&gt;'''agzu-'''||10&lt;sup&gt;-21&lt;/sup&gt; ||sextillionth / trilliardth || '''gorela'''&lt;br&gt;''zepto-''||''z''&lt;br&gt;'''zu-'''
|-
| 10&lt;sup&gt;24&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillion)/ quadrillion || '''garelu-'''&lt;br&gt;''yotta-'' || '' Y''&lt;br&gt;'''agyu''' ||10&lt;sup&gt;-27&lt;/sup&gt; ||septillionth / quadrillionth|| '''gorelu'''&lt;br&gt;''yocto-''||''y''&lt;br&gt;'''yu-'''
|}

: *Note: The '''gar''' (''to a plus power'') and '''gor''' (''to a minus power'') forms are alternatives for the numeric prefixes beyond 100.  For example, ''billion'' (10&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;) could be expressed as '''garyu-'''(ten) to the 9th power'', while ''billionth'' could be expressed by '''goryu''' (''(ten) to the minus 9th power).  The prefix '''garya-''' is composed of the positive exponential operator '''gar''' (''to the power of''), followed by the number ''6''.  The prefix '''gorale-''' is composed of the negative exponential operator '''gor''' (''to the root of''), followed by the number ''12''.

==== Abbreviated Symbols ====

: The macro and micro values can also be represented with abbreviated symbols, which can be pronounced in Mirad as spelled out alphabetics.  Upper case equivalents are preceded with '''ag-'''.  Here is a table showing grams:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Kg Metrics With Abbreviated Symbols
|-
! colspan=2 | Macro !! colspan=2 | Micro
|-
! Symbol (Expansion) !! Mirad Pronunciation !! Symbol (Expansion) !! Mirad Pronunciation
|-
| ''dag'' (decagram)|| '''daage''' || ''dg'' |(decigram)||'''dage'''
|-
| ''hg'' (hexagram)|| '''hege''' || ''cg'' (centigram)||'''cage'''
|-
| ''kg'' (kilogram) || '''koge''' || ''mg'' (milligram) ||'''mige'''
|-
| ''Mg'' (megagram)|| '''agmige''' ||''rg'' or '''μg''' (microgram)|| '''roge''' or '''muge'''
|-
| ''Gg'' (gigagram)|| '''aggege''' || ''ng'' (nanogram)|| '''nige'''
|-
| ''Tg'' (teragram)|| '''agtoge''' || ''pg'' (picagram)|| '''poge'''
|-
| ''Pg'' ( petagram)|| '''agpoge''' || ''fg'' (femtogram)|| '''fege'''
|-
| ''Eg'' (exagram)|| '''agege''' || ''ag'' (attogram)|| '''age'''
|-
| ''Zg'' (zettagram)|| '''agzege''' || ''zg'' (zeptogram) || '''zege'''
|-
| ''Yg'' (yottagram)|| '''agyuge''' || ''yg'' (yoctogram) || '''yuge'''
|}

: The squared and cubed representations of the above are followed by '''gar ewa''' (''squared'') and '''gar iwa''' (''cubed''), respectively:
::* '''10 kg2'''....(pronounced as:) ''alo koge gar ewa''
::* '''12 mm3'''....(pronounced as:) ''ale mimi gar iwa''

=== Trigonometric Nomenclature ===
: This table shows trigonometry functions and their equivalents in Mirad.  The function symbols are translated into Mirad by a succession of the pronounced Mirad values of the function abbreviation followed by '''-naz''' (''value'').

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow; font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Trigonometry Functions
|-
! Function (Symbol) !! Mirad Technical Name !! Mirad Ordinary Name
|-
| ''sine (sin)'' || '''soini-naz''' || '''uznaz'''
|-
| ''cosine (cos)'' || '''caoso-naz''' || '''yanuznaz'''
|-
| ''arccosine (arccos, cos&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;)''&lt;br&gt;''anticosine''&lt;br&gt;''inverse cosine''|| '''arocacaoso-naz''' || '''ovuznaz'''
|-
| ''hyperbolic sine (sinh)'' || '''soinihe-naz'''|| '''enuza uznaz'''
|-
| ''hyperbolic cosine (cosh)'' || '''caosohe-naz''' || '''enuza yanuznaz'''
|-
| ''secant (sec)'' || '''soeca-naz''' || '''golus naz'''
|-
| ''cosecant (csc)'' || '''casoca-naz''' || '''yangolus naz'''
|-
| ''arccosecant (arccsc)'' || '''arocacasoca-naz''' || '''enuza yangolus naz'''
|}

=== Poetry Nomenclature ===
: Mirad uses the nonsense syllables '''di''' and '''da''' to form various poetic meter words that usually are formed with Greek words in English.  The syllable '''di''' represents an ''unstressed'' syllable in verse, while the syllable '''da''' denotes a ''stressed'' syllable.  These are hyphenated and followed with a space and the word '''deup''' as a noun, which means ''meter'' or ''rhythm''.  The adjectival form of the word ends in '''deupa'''.  Here are the most common poetic meters:
::* '''di-da deupa'''.... iambic
:::* '''di-da yoondeup'''.... ''iambic pentameter''
::* '''di-di-da deupa'''.... ''anapestic''
::* '''di-da-da deupa'''.... ''bacchius''
::* '''da-da deupa'''.... ''spondaic''
::* '''da-da-da deupa'''.... ''molossus''
::* '''da-da-di deupa'''.... ''antibacchius''
::* '''da-di deupa'''.... ''tochaic''
:::* '''da-di deup'''.... ''trochee, choree''
::* '''da-di-da deupa'''.... ''cretic, amphimacer''
::* '''da-di-di deupa'''.... ''dactylic''
::* '''da-di-di yaondeup'''.... ''dactylic hexameter''
::* '''da-di-di-da deupa'''.... ''amphibrachic''
: Other words representing elements of poetry are:
::* '''drez'''....''poetry, verse''
:::* '''dreza'''....''poetic''
:::* '''drezyen'''....''poesy''
:::* '''drezyan'''....''anthology'' (of poetry)
:::* '''drezut'''....''poet''
::::* '''drezuyt'''....''poetess''
::::* '''popdrezut'''....''minstrel''
::::* '''Vikinga drezut'''....''skald''
::::* '''dreuzut'''....''bard''
:::* '''odrez'''....''prose''
:::* '''vyasma drez'''....''concrete verse''
:::* '''tyoda drez'''....''folk poetry''
:::* '''indeupa drez'''....''trimeter''
:::* '''undeupa drez'''....''tetrameter''
:::* '''yoondeupa drez'''....''pentameter''
:::* '''yaondeupa drez'''....''hexameter''
:::* '''yendeupa drez'''....''heptameter''
:::* '''yindeupa drez'''....''octameter''
:::* '''ogelseuxwa drez'''....''blank verse''
:::* '''yiva drez'''....''free verse''
:::* '''drezun'''....''poem''
::::* '''deuzwa drezun'''....''sung poem, lay''
::::* '''dindrezun'''....''ballad''
::::* '''dizdrezun'''....''limerick''
::::* '''fiddrezun'''....''ode''
::::* '''fizdrezun'''....''epic poem''
::::* '''haikudrezun'''....''haiku''
::::* '''viysindrezun'''....''idyll''
::::* '''ifondrezun'''....''love poem, romantic poem''
::::* '''indrezun'''....''terzain''
::::* '''jodrezun'''....''epode''
::::* '''yindrezun'''....''sistina''
::::* '''klerihyudrezun'''....''clerihew''
::::* '''meimdrezun'''....''pastoral''
::::* '''melyexdrezun'''....''georgic''
::::* '''petnyanuta drezun'''....''pastoral, eclogue''
::::* '''popduzuta drezun'''....''troubadour poem''
::::* '''rondodrezun'''....''rondeau, rondel, roundel''
::::* '''seuz drezun'''....''sound poem''
::::* '''tadyandrezun'''....''prothalamion, epithalamion''
::::* '''tankadrezun'''....''tanka''
::::* '''taxdrezun'''....''epitaph''
::::* '''tuddrezun'''....''nursery rhyme''
::::* '''ulondrezun'''....''sonnet''
::::* '''ujdreznadeon'''....''envoi''
::::* '''undrezun'''....''quatrain''
::::* '''unnad drezun'''....''tetrastich''
::::* '''uvdrezun'''....''elegy''
::::* '''alyundrezun'''....''villanelle''
::::* '''virelaydrezun'''....''virelai, virelay''
::::* '''yizivtos drezun'''....''rhapsody''
::::* '''yoondrezun'''....''quintain''
::* '''dreznad'''....''line, -stich, verse''
:::* '''eyndreznad'''...''hemistich''
:::* '''endreznad'''....''couplet''
::* '''dreznadyan'''....''stanza''
::* '''gelseux'''....''rhyme''
:::* '''gelseuxyen'''....''rhyme scheme''
:::* '''dunija gelseuxen'''....''alliteration''
::* '''seuxzoyxen'''....''assonance''
::* '''geyldyan'''....''simile''
::* '''yiztyun'''....''metaphor''
::* '''yanseuzan'''....''consonance''
::* '''deup'''....''rhythm, beat, metrical foot, meter''
::* '''kyib'''....''stress''
::* '''seuz'''....''tone''

=== Dimensional Nomenclature ===
: This chart shows adjectives that describe dimensional relationships:
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background: lightyellow&quot;
|+ Dimensional Words
|-
! Positive !! Intermediate !! Negative
|-
| '''yaba'''....''high(er)'' || '''yeba'''....''inner'' || '''yoba'''....''low(er)''
|-
| '''yaiba'''....''tall'' || '''yeiba'''....''deep inside'' || '''yoiba'''....''deep (down)''
|-
| '''yauba'''....''short'' || '''yeuba'''....''a short way in'' || '''youba'''....''shallow''
|-
| '''yaga'''....''long'' || || '''yoga'''....''short''
|-
| '''yiba'''....''far'' || || '''yuba'''....''near''
|-
| '''aonada'''....''vertical'' || || '''uinada'''....''horizontal''
|-
| '''kia'''....''diagonal'' || || '''kua'''....''lateral''
|-
| '''zyia'''....''flat'' || || '''zyua'''....''round''
|-
| '''yaza'''....''concave'' || '''yeza'''....''flush'' || '''yoza'''....''convex''
|}

=== Geologic Period Nomenclature ===
: The principal geochronologic units of the geologic time scale, from largest to smallest, are:
:** '''joob'''....''eon''
:*** '''ajoob'''....''Hadean Eon''
:*** '''ejoob'''....''Archean Eon''
:*** '''ijoob'''....''Proterozoic Eon''
:*** '''ujoob'''....''Phanerozoic Eon''
:** '''joab'''....''era''
:*** '''ajoab'''....''Eoarchean Era''
:*** '''ejoab'''....''Paleoarchean Era''
:*** '''ijoab'''....''Mesoarchean Era''
:*** '''ujoab'''....''Neoarchean Era''
:*** '''yojoab'''....''Paleoproterozoic Era''
:*** '''yajoab'''....''Mesoproterozoic Era''
:*** '''yejoab'''....''Neoproterozoic Era''
:*** '''yijoab'''....''Paleozoic Era''
:*** '''yujoab'''....''Mesozoic Era''
:*** '''alojoab'''....''Cenozoic Era''
:** '''joeb'''....''period''
:*** '''ajoeb'''....''Siderian Period''
:*** '''ejoeb'''....''Rhyacian Period''
:*** '''ijoeb'''....''Orosirian Period''
:*** '''ujoeb'''....''Statherian Period''
:*** '''yojoeb'''....''Calymmian Period''
:*** '''yajoeb'''....''Ectasian Period''
:*** '''yejoeb'''....''Stenian Period''
:*** '''yijoeb'''....''Tonian Period''
:*** '''yujoeb'''....''Cryogenian Period''
:*** '''alojoeb'''....''Ediacaran Period''
:*** '''alajoeb'''....''Cambrian Period''
:*** '''alejoeb'''....''Ordovician Period''
:*** '''alijoeb'''....''Silurian Period''
:*** '''alujoeb'''....''Devonian Period''
:*** '''alyojoeb'''....''Carboniferous Period''
:*** '''alyajoeb'''....''Permian Period''
:*** '''alyejoeb'''....''Triassic Period''
:*** '''alyijoeb'''....''Jurassic Period''
:*** '''alyujoeb'''....''Cretaceous Period''
:*** '''elojoeb'''....''Paleogene Period''
:*** '''elajoeb'''....''Neogene Period''
:*** '''elejoeb'''....''Quarternary Period''
:** '''joib'''....''epoch''
:*** '''ajoib'''....''Terreneuvian Epoch''
:*** '''ejoib'''....''Series 2 Epoch''
:*** '''ijoib'''....''Miaolingian Epoch''
:*** '''ujoib'''....''Furongian Epoch''
:*** '''yojoib'''....''Lower Epoch''
:*** '''yajoib'''....''Middle Epoch''
:*** '''yejoib'''....''Upper Epoch''
:*** '''yijoib'''....''Llandovery Epoch''
:*** '''yujoib'''....''Wenlock Epoch''
:*** '''alojoib'''....''Ludlow Epoch''
:*** '''alajoib'''....''Pridoli Epoch''
:** '''joub'''....''age''
:*** '''ajoub'''....''Fortunian Age''
:*** '''ejoub'''....''Stage 2 Age''
:*** '''ijoub'''....''Stage 3 Age''
:*** '''ujoub'''....''Stage 4 Age''
:*** '''yojoub'''....''Wulian Age''
:*** '''yajoub'''....''Drumian Age''
:*** '''yejoub'''....''Guzhangian Age''
:*** '''yijoub'''....''Paibian Age''
:*** '''yujoub'''....''Jianshanian Age''
:*** '''alojoub'''....''Stage 10 Age''
:*** '''alajoub'''....''Temadocian Age''
:*** '''alejoub'''....''Floian Age''
:*** '''alijoub'''....''Dapingian Age''
:*** '''alujoub'''....''Darriwilian Age''
:*** '''alyojoub'''....''Sandbian Age''
:*** '''alyajoub'''....''Katian Age''
:*** '''alyejoub'''....''Hirnantian Age''
:*** '''alyijoub'''....''Rhuddanian Age''
:*** '''alyujoub'''....''Aeronian Age''
:*** '''elojoub'''....''Telychian Age''
:*** '''elajoub'''....''Cheinwoodian Age''
:*** '''elejoub'''....''Homerian Age''
:*** '''elijoub'''....''Gorstian Age''
:*** '''elujoub'''....''Ludfordian Age''
:*** '''elyojoub'''....''Pridoli Age''
:*** '''elyajoub'''....''Lochkovian Age''
:*** '''elyejoub'''....''Pragian Age''
:*** '''elyijoub'''....''Emsian Age''
:*** '''elyujoub'''....''Eifelian Age''
:*** '''ilojoub'''....''Givetian Age''
:*** '''ilajoub'''....''Frasnian Age''
:*** '''ilejoub'''....''Famennian Age''
:*** '''ilijoub'''....''Tournaisian Age''
:*** '''ilujoub'''....''Visean Age''
:*** '''ilyojoub'''....''Serpukhovian Age''
:*** '''ilyajoub'''....''Bashkirian Age''
:*** '''ilyejoub'''....''Moscovian Age''
:*** '''ilyijoub'''....''Kasimovian Age''
:*** '''ilyujoub'''....''Gzhelian Age''
:*** '''ulojoub'''....''Asselian Age''
:*** '''ulajoub'''....''Sakmarian Age''
:*** '''ulejoub'''....''Artinskian Age''
:*** '''ulijoub'''....''Kungurian Age''
:*** '''ulujoub'''....''Roadian Age''
:*** '''ulyojoub'''....''Wordian Age''
:*** '''ulyajoub'''....''Capitanian Age''
:*** '''ulyejoub'''....''Wuchiapingian Age''
:*** '''ulyijoub'''....''Changhsingian Age''
:*** '''ulyujoub'''....''Induan Age''
:*** '''yolojoub'''....''Olenekian Age''
:*** '''yolajoub'''....''Anisian Age''
:*** '''yolejoub'''....''Ladnian Age''
:*** '''yolijoub'''....''Carnian Age''
:*** '''yolujoub'''....''Norian Age''
:*** '''yolyojoub'''....''Rhaetian Age''
:*** '''yolyajoub'''....''Hettangian Age''
:*** '''yolyejoub'''....''Sinemurian Age''
:*** '''yolyijoub'''....''Pliensbachian Age''
:*** '''yolyujoub'''....''Toarcian Age''
:*** '''yalojoub'''....''Aalenian Age''
:*** '''yalajoub'''....''Bajocian Age''
:*** '''yalejoub'''....''Bathonian Age''
:*** '''yalijoub'''....''Callovian Age''
:*** '''yalujoub'''....''Oxfordian Age''
:*** '''yalyojoub'''....''Kimmeridgian Age''
:*** '''yalyajoub'''....''Tithonian Age''
:*** '''yalyejoub'''....''Berriasian Age''
:*** '''yalyijoub'''....''Valanginian Age''
:*** '''yalyujoub'''....''Hauterivian Age''
:*** '''yelojoub'''....''Barremian Age ''
:*** '''yelajoub'''....''Aptian Age ''
:*** '''yelejoub'''....''Albian Age ''
:*** '''yelijoub'''....''Cenomanian ''
:*** '''yelujoub'''....''Turonian ''
:*** '''yelyojoub'''....''Coniacian ''
:*** '''yelyajoub'''....''Santonian ''
:*** '''yelyejoub'''....''Campanian ''
:*** '''yelyijoub'''....''Maastrichtian ''
:*** '''yelyujoub'''....''Danian ''
:*** '''yilojoub'''....''Selandian ''
:*** '''yilajoub'''....''Thanetian ''
:*** '''yilejoub'''....''Ypresian ''
:*** '''yilijoub'''....''Lutetian ''
:*** '''yilujoub'''....''Bartonian ''
:*** '''yilyojoub'''....''Priaboanian ''
:*** '''yilyajoub'''....''Rupelian ''
:*** '''yilyejoub'''....''Chattian ''
:*** '''yilyijoub'''....''Aquitanian ''
:*** '''yilyujoub'''....''Burdigalian ''
:*** '''yulojoub'''....''Langhian ''
:*** '''yulajoub'''....''Serravallian ''
:*** '''yulejoub'''....''Tortonian ''
:*** '''yulijoub'''....''Messinian ''
:*** '''yulujoub'''....''Zanclean ''
:*** '''yulyojoub'''....''Piacenzian ''
:*** '''yulyajoub'''....''Gelasian ''
:*** '''yulyejoub'''....''Calabrian ''
:*** '''yulyijoub'''....''Chibanian ''
:*** '''yulyujoub'''....''Tarantian ''
:*** '''asojoub'''....''Greenlandian ''
:*** '''asajoub'''....''Northgrippian ''
:*** '''asejoub'''....''Meghalayan ''
=== Names of Diacritics ===
: The Mirad words for diacritics (= accents) are based on the worldwide Unicode 4.0 standard.  There are three kinds of diacritics based on where they are positioned relative to the base:
::* &lt;b&gt;aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;above mark&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;below mark&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;absiyn&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;overlay mark&lt;/i&gt;
: The names are based on some common shapes:
::* &lt;b&gt;nod&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;dot&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;grun&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;hook&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;nad&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;line&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;kin&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;slash&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;vu&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;wedge&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;pyaon&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;wave&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;zyus&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;ring&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;uz&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;arch&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;zeymep&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;bridge&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;izmufseb&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;arrowhead&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;mar&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;star&lt;/i&gt;
: The above shapes can be modified by adjectives:
::* &lt;b&gt;kia&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;slanted&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;ao&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;vertical&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;yoga/yaga&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;short/long&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;en&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;double&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;yaba/yoba&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;up/down&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;zua/zia&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;left/right&lt;/i&gt;
::* &lt;b&gt;oyvuzbwa&lt;/b&gt;....&lt;i&gt;inverted&lt;/i&gt;
: Here is a chart listing the most common diacritics in the world's languages. (Note: Mirad does not use diacritics for its native words.)
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;&quot;
|+ Mirad Names of Diacritics
|-
! Diacritic !! Unicode&lt;br&gt;Value !! Mirad !! Unicode Name
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0301;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0301||&lt;b&gt; zukin aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;acute accent&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0300;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0300||&lt;b&gt; zukin oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;acute accent below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030B;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030B||&lt;b&gt; enzukin aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double acute accent&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0300;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0300||&lt;b&gt; zikin aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;grave accent&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0317;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0317||&lt;b&gt; zikin oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;grave accent below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030F;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030F||&lt;b&gt; enzikin aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double grave accent&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0309;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0309||&lt;b&gt; zigrun aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;hook above, hoi&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0327;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0327||&lt;b&gt; zugrun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;cedilla&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0328;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0328||&lt;b&gt; zigrun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;ogonek, nasal hook&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0302;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0302||&lt;b&gt; yobvu aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;circumflex accent, hat&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x032D;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 032D||&lt;b&gt; yobvu oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;circumflex accent below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030C||&lt;b&gt; vu aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;hachek, v above, caron&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x032C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 032C||&lt;b&gt; vu oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;caron below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0306;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0306||&lt;b&gt; yabuz aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;breve above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0311;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0311||&lt;b&gt; yobuz aybsin&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;inverted breve above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x032F;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 032F||&lt;b&gt; yobuz oybsin &lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;inverted breve below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0321;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0321||&lt;b&gt; teumibxwa grun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;palatalized hook below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0308;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0308||&lt;b&gt; ennod aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;diaeresis above, double dot above, umlaut, trema&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0324;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0324||&lt;b&gt; ennod oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;diaeresis below, double dot below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0307;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0307||&lt;b&gt; nod aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;dot above, overdot, tecka, tittle&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0323;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0323||&lt;b&gt; nod oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;dot below, underdot, nang&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0351;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0351||&lt;b&gt; zua eynzyus aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;left half ring above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x031C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 031C||&lt;b&gt; zua eynzyus oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;left half ring below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0350;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0350||&lt;b&gt; zia eynzyus aybsign&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right half ring above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0339;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0339||&lt;b&gt; zia eynzyus oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right half ring below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0305;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0305||&lt;b&gt; nad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;overline, overscore, vinculum&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x033F;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 033F||&lt;b&gt; ennad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double overline&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0332;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0332||&lt;b&gt; nad oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;single lowline below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0333;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0333||&lt;b&gt; ennad oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double lowline, double underline, double underscore&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0304;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0304||&lt;b&gt; nad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;macron&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0331;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0331||&lt;b&gt; nad oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;macron below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x035E;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 935E||&lt;b&gt; ennad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double macron, longum&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x035F;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 035F||&lt;b&gt; ennad oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double macron below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030A||&lt;b&gt; zyus aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;ring above, kroujek, overring&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0325;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0325||&lt;b&gt; zyus oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;ring below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0346;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0346||&lt;b&gt; zeymep aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;bridge above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x032A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 032A||&lt;b&gt; zeymep oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;bridge below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0346;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0346||&lt;b&gt; oyvuzbwa zeymep aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;inverted bridge above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x033A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 033A||&lt;b&gt; oyvuzbwa zeymep oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;inverted bridge below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0309;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0309||&lt;b&gt; grun aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;hook above, hoi&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0303;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0303||&lt;b&gt; pyaon aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;tilde&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0342;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0342||&lt;b&gt; yagpyaon aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Greek perispomeni&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0360;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0360||&lt;b&gt; enpyaon aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double tilde above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0330;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0330||&lt;b&gt; pyaon oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;tilde below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x032B;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 032B||&lt;b&gt; oyvuzbwa enuz oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;inverted double arch below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x033E;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 033E||&lt;b&gt; aonada pyaon aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;vertical tilde, yerik&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x031A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 031A||&lt;b&gt; zua gun aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;left angle above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030D;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030D||&lt;b&gt; aonad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;vertical line above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030D;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030D||&lt;b&gt; enaonad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double vertical line above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0329;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0329||&lt;b&gt; aonad oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;vertical line below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x030E;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 030E||&lt;b&gt; enaonad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double vertical line above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x033D;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 033D||&lt;b&gt; xu aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;x above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0353;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0353||&lt;b&gt; xu oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;x below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x033C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 033C||&lt;b&gt; lapiat oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;seagull below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0310;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0310||&lt;b&gt; nod ayb uz aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;candrabindu&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0352;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0352||&lt;b&gt; nod oyb uz aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;fermata&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0314;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0314||&lt;b&gt; zia grun aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right comma above, dasia&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0326;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0326||&lt;b&gt; zia grun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right comma below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0313;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0313||&lt;b&gt; zua grun aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;reversed comma above, psili&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0320;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0320||&lt;b&gt; gobsiyn oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;minus sign below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x031F;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 031F||&lt;b&gt; gabsiyn oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;plus sign below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x034C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 034C||&lt;b&gt; yubay ge aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;almost equals above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0349;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0349||&lt;b&gt; zua gun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;left angle below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x033B;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 033B||&lt;b&gt; ungun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;square below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0334;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0334||&lt;b&gt; Gereda nod-kin-nod aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Greek dialytika tonos&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0350;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0350||&lt;b&gt; zia izmufseb aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right arrowhead above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x08F7;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0356||&lt;b&gt; zia izmufseb ay yabizmufseb oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right arrowhead and up arrowhead below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0355;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0355||&lt;b&gt; zia izmufseb oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right arrowhead below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0354;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0354||&lt;b&gt; zua izmufseb oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;left arrowhead below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0318;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0318||&lt;b&gt; zua zyisebmuv oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;left tack below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0319;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0319||&lt;b&gt; zia zyisebmuv oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right tack below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x031D;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 031D||&lt;b&gt; yob zyisebmuv oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;up tack below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x031E;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 031E||&lt;b&gt; yab zyisebmuv oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;down tack below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0337;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0337||&lt;b&gt; yoga kinad absiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;short slash overlay, short solidus overlay&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0338;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0338||&lt;b&gt; yaga kinad absiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;long slash overlay, long solidus overlay&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0321;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0321||&lt;b&gt; teumibxwa grun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;palatalized hook below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0322;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0322||&lt;b&gt; zoykixwa grun oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;retroflex hook below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0359;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0359||&lt;b&gt; mar oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;asterisk below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x035A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 035A||&lt;b&gt; enzyus oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double ring below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0358;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0358||&lt;b&gt; zinod aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;dot above right&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x035C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 035C||&lt;b&gt; enyabuz oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double breve below, ligature tie below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x035D;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 035D||&lt;b&gt; enyabuz aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double breve&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0361;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0361||&lt;b&gt; enyobuz aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double inverted breve, top ligature, tie bar&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x035B;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 035B||&lt;b&gt; uiznad aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;zigzag above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0347;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0347||&lt;b&gt; gese oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;equals sign below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x034C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 034C||&lt;b&gt; yubgese aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;almost equal to above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0362;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0362||&lt;b&gt; enziizmuf oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;double rightwards arrow below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x034E;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 034E||&lt;b&gt; yabizmuf oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;upwards arrow below&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0329;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0329||&lt;b&gt; ziizmuf aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;right arrowhead above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x034A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 034A||&lt;b&gt; opyaon aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;not tilde above&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x037A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 037A||&lt;b&gt; iota oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Greek ypogegrammeni, iota subscript&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0374;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0374||&lt;b&gt; Gereda sag aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Greek numeral sign, dexia keraia&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0375;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0375||&lt;b&gt; Gereda sag oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Greek lower numeral sign, aristeri keraia&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0651;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0651||&lt;b&gt; xadda aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Arabic shadda&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x065E;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 065E||&lt;b&gt; fatha aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Arabic fatha with two dots&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x061A;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 061A||&lt;b&gt; kasra oybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Arabic small kasra&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x064C;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 064C||&lt;b&gt; damma aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Arabic dammatan&lt;/i&gt;
|-
|&lt;big&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;#x0652;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/big&gt;|| 0652||&lt;b&gt; sukun aybsiyn&lt;/b&gt;||&lt;i&gt;Arabic sukun&lt;/i&gt;
|}

=== Grammar Terms ===
:*'''drevyab'''....''grammar''
:*'''dun'''....''word''
:*'''dyen'''....''phrase''
:*'''dyan'''....''sentence''
:** '''delyea'''....''declarative''
:** '''didyea'''....''interrogative''
:** '''azteudyea'''....''exclamatory''
:*'''dyangon'''....''clause''
:** '''agala dyangon'''....''main clause''
:** '''abyosyea dyangon'''....''dependent clause''
:** '''obdabyea dyangon'''....''subordinate clause''
:*'''anyendyen'''....''idiom''
:*'''dalzeyn'''....''language''
:*'''dalzeynes'''....''dialect''
:*'''dalyen'''....''locution''
:*'''dungon'''....''syllable''
:*'''dunog'''....''particle''
:*'''abun'''....''affix''
:** '''zabun'''....''prefix''
:** '''zobun'''....''suffix''
:** '''yebun'''....''infix''
:*'''kyid'''....''stress''
:*'''dredyen'''....''spelling, orthography''
:*'''seuxden'''....''pronunciation''
:*'''dalgon'''....''part of speech''
:**'''sundun'''....''noun''
:**'''avdun'''....''pronoun''
:**'''erdun'''....''verb''
:**'''adun'''....''adjective''
:**'''aydun'''....''adverb''
:**'''ebdun'''....''preposition''
:**'''yanxdun'''....''conjunction''
:**'''oybdun'''....''particle''
:**'''asaundun'''....''article, determiner''
:*'''jobyen'''....''tense''
:** '''eja'''....''present tense''
:** '''aja'''....''past tense''
:** '''oja'''....''future tense''
:** '''vensona'''....''conditional''
:* '''teagun'''....''aspect''
:** '''ikna'''....''perfect''
:** '''oikna'''....''imperfect''
:** '''zaypasyea'''....''progressive''
:*'''tipyen'''....''mood''
:** '''izeadyea'''....''indicative mood''
:** '''ovyamxwa'''....''subjunctive mood''
:*'''teuz'''....''voice''
:** '''axlyea'''....''active''
:** '''xolyea'''....''passive''
:** '''syundabea'''....''transitive''
:** '''osyundabea'''....''intransitive''
:** '''zyinzoyubea'''....''reflexive''
:*'''sankyas'''....''case''
:** '''syina'''....''nominative, subject''
:** '''bina'''....''genitive, possessive''
:** '''buna'''....''dative''
:** '''izsyuna'''....''accusative, direct object''
:** '''oizsyuna'''....''indirect object''
:** '''byina'''....''ablative''
:** '''dyuena'''....''vocative''
:*'''toob'''....''gender''
:** '''twooba'''....''masculine''
:** '''tooyba'''....''feminine''
:** '''evtwooba'''....''neuter''
:*'''sag'''....''number''
:** '''ansaga'''....''singular''
:** '''glasaga'''....''plural''
:*'''sagdun'''....''numeral''

== Forming Adjectives ==

: You can form an adjective by adding the suffix '''a''' to a substantive, any adverb not ending in '''-ay''', or preposition. By substantive is meant a noun, pronoun, or gerund.  Any of these can be adjectivized.

: Examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Deriving Adjectives
|-
! Noun !! Adjective
|-
| '''taam'''....''home'' || '''taama'''....''domestic''
|-
| '''doob'''....''nation'' || '''dooba'''....''national''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''teja'''....''vital''
|-
| '''tyoyapyaf'''....''ability to walk'' || '''tyoyapyafa'''....''ambulatory''
|-
| '''martun'''....''astronomy'' || '''martuna'''....''astronomical''
|-
! Pronoun !! Adjective
|-
| '''at'''....''I, me'' || '''ata'''....''my''
|-
| '''eut'''....''yourself'' || '''euta'''....''your own''
|-
| '''hiyen'''....''this kind'' || '''hiyena'''....''this kind of''
|-
| '''duhot?'''....''who?'' || '''duhota?'''....''whose?''
|-
! Gerund !! Adjective
|-
| '''ifeken'''....''recreation'' || '''ifekena'''....''recreational''
|-
! Adverb !! Adjective
|-
| '''yib'''....''far'' || '''yiba'''....''distant''
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''yaba'''....''high, upper''
|-
! Verb Form !! Adjective (= Participle)
|-
| '''teje'''....''(he) lives'' || '''tejea'''....''living''
|-
| '''tojo'''....''will die'' || '''tojoa'''....''moribund, about to die''
|-
| '''tojbu'''....''would kill'' || '''tojbua'''....''lethal''
|- 
| '''twa'''....''was known'' || '''twaa'''....''known'' (usu. shortened to '''twa''')
|}
=== Adjectival Suffixes ===

: Various types of adjectives can be created with adjectival suffixes beyond just '''a'''.

: Examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Deriving Other Adjectives
|-
! Suffix !! Meaning !! Noun !! Adjective
|-
! rowspan=3|-ava !!rowspan=3| ''pro-, for'' !! !!
|-
|  '''Usom'''&lt;br&gt;''U.S.'' || '''Usomava'''&lt;br&gt;''pro-U.S.''
|-
|  '''yuvrin'''&lt;br&gt;''slavery'' || '''yuvrinava'''&lt;br&gt;''pro-slavery''
|-
! rowspan=3|-ova !!rowspan=3| ''anti-, against'' !! !!
|-
|  '''dobvyabyan'''&lt;br&gt;''constitution'' || '''dovyabyanova'''&lt;br&gt;''anti-constitutional''
|-
|  '''dot'''&lt;br&gt;''society'' || '''dotova'''&lt;br&gt;''anti-social''
|-
! rowspan=5|-aya !!rowspan=5| ''full of, having, -ous, -ful, -ly'' !! !!
|-
|  '''volz'''&lt;br&gt;''color'' || '''volzaya'''&lt;br&gt;''colorful''
|-
|  '''futax'''&lt;br&gt;''resentment'' || '''futaxaya'''&lt;br&gt;''resentful''
|-
| '''tiibil'''&lt;br&gt;''blood'' || '''tiibilaya'''&lt;br&gt;''bloody''
|-
| '''yiflan'''&lt;br&gt;''courage'' || '''yiflanaya'''&lt;br&gt;''courageous''
|-
! rowspan=3|-oya !!rowspan=3| ''bereft of, -less, un-'' !! !!
|-
|  '''volz'''&lt;br&gt;''color'' || '''volzoya'''&lt;br&gt;''colorless, pale''
|-
|  '''tajyaf'''&lt;br&gt;''talent'' || '''tajyafoya'''&lt;br&gt;''untalented''
|-
! rowspan=2|-ika !!rowspan=2| ''full of, -ous, -ful, -y'' !! !!
|-
| '''map'''&lt;br&gt;''wind'' || '''mapika'''&lt;br&gt;''windy''
|-
! rowspan=2|-uka !!rowspan=2| ''bereft of, without, -less'' !! !!
|-
|  '''nas'''&lt;br&gt;''money'' || '''nasuka'''&lt;br&gt;''broke, penniless''
|-
! rowspan=4|-yena !! rowspan=4|''-like, -ous, -ly, -y, -ish, -ic, -al'' !! !!
|-
|  '''tudet'''&lt;br&gt;''child'' || '''tudetyena'''&lt;br&gt;''childish, infantile''
|-
|  '''tot'''&lt;br&gt;''god'' || '''totyena'''&lt;br&gt;''divine, godly''
|-
|  '''pit'''&lt;br&gt;''fish'' || '''pityena'''&lt;br&gt;''fish-like, fishy''
|-
! rowspan=5|-wa or -awa !! rowspan=5|''-ed, past passive participle''&lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Past Passive Participle
|-
| '''t-'''&lt;br&gt;''know'' || '''twa'''&lt;br&gt;''known''
|-
| '''dal-'''&lt;br&gt;''speak'' || '''dalwa'''&lt;br&gt;''spoken, oral''
|-
| '''nixbu-'''&lt;br&gt;''sell'' || '''nixbuwa'''&lt;br&gt;''sold''
|-
| '''dr-'''&lt;br&gt;''write'' || '''drawa'''&lt;br&gt;''written''
|-
! rowspan=4|-ea !!rowspan=4| ''-ing''&lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Present Active Participle
|-
| '''ot-'''&lt;br&gt;''not know'' || '''otea'''&lt;br&gt;''ignorant''
|-
| '''tej-'''&lt;br&gt;''live'' || '''tejea'''&lt;br&gt;''living, alive''
|-
| '''tuj-'''&lt;br&gt;''die'' || '''tujea'''&lt;br&gt;''dying''
|-
! rowspan=5|-yea !!rowspan=5| ''-ive, prone to Xing, given to X''&lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Present Active Participle
|-
| '''tujb-'''&lt;br&gt;''kill'' || '''tujbyea'''&lt;br&gt;''murderous''
|-
| '''tex-'''&lt;br&gt;''think'' || '''texyea'''&lt;br&gt;''pensive, thoughtful''
|-
| '''tox-'''&lt;br&gt;''forget'' || '''toxyea'''&lt;br&gt;''forgetful''
|-
| '''axl-'''&lt;br&gt;''act'' || '''axlyea'''&lt;br&gt;''active''
|-
! rowspan=5|-uwa !!rowspan=5| ''-able, apt to be Xed''&lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Potential Passive Participle
|-
| '''ex-'''&lt;br&gt;''operate'' || '''exuwa'''&lt;br&gt;''operable''
|-
| '''tos'''&lt;br&gt;''feel'' || '''tosuwa'''&lt;br&gt;''palpable''
|-
| '''tex-'''&lt;br&gt;''think'' || '''texuwa'''&lt;br&gt;''conceivable''
|-
| '''tel-'''&lt;br&gt;''eat'' || '''teluwa'''&lt;br&gt;''edible''
|-
! rowspan=3|-yafa !!rowspan=3| ''-able, capable of Xing'' &lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Potential Subject-oriented
|-
|  '''teat-'''&lt;br&gt;''see'' || '''teatyafa'''&lt;br&gt;''sightful, able to see''
|-
|  '''dyed-'''&lt;br&gt;''read'' || '''dyedyafa'''&lt;br&gt;''literate''
|-
! rowspan=5|-yafwa !!rowspan=5| ''-able, possible to be Xed''&lt;br&gt; (added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Potential Object-oriented
|-
| '''teat-'''&lt;br&gt;''see'' || '''teatyafwa'''&lt;br&gt;''visible''
|-
| '''tax-'''&lt;br&gt;''remember'' || '''taxyafwa'''&lt;br&gt;''memorable''
|-
| '''teet-'''&lt;br&gt;''hear'' || '''teetyafwa'''&lt;br&gt;''audible''
|-
| '''tel-'''&lt;br&gt;''eat'' || '''telyafwa'''&lt;br&gt;''edible''
|-
! rowspan=5|-yofa !!rowspan=5| ''incapable of Xing'' &lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Negative Potential Subject-oriented
|-
| '''teat-'''&lt;br&gt;''see'' || '''teatyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''blind''
|-
| '''tyoyap-'''&lt;br&gt;''walk'' || '''tyoyapyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''lame''
|-
| '''teet-'''&lt;br&gt;''hear'' || '''teetyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''deaf''
|-
| '''dal-'''&lt;br&gt;''speak'' || '''dalyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''dumb, incapable of speaking''
|-
! rowspan=5|-yofwa !!rowspan=5| ''un-X-able'' &lt;br&gt;(added to verb stem) !! Verb Stem !! Negative Potential Object-oriented
|-
| '''teat-'''&lt;br&gt;''see'' || '''teatyofwa'''&lt;br&gt;''invisible''
|-
| '''teet-'''&lt;br&gt;''hear'' || '''teetyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''inaudible''
|-
| '''tox-'''&lt;br&gt;''forget'' || '''toxyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''unforgetable''
|-
| '''dal-'''&lt;br&gt;''speak'' || '''dalyofa'''&lt;br&gt;''unspeakable''
|-
! rowspan=6|-ifa !!rowspan=6| ''fond of, -phile'' !! Noun Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''pot'''&lt;br&gt;''animal'' || '''potifa'''&lt;br&gt;''pet-friendly''
|-
| '''hyitoob-'''&lt;br&gt;''same-gender'' || '''hyitoobifa'''&lt;br&gt;''homophile''
|-
| '''tobot'''&lt;br&gt;''child'' || '''tobotifa'''&lt;br&gt;''pedophile''
|-
| '''fitel'''&lt;br&gt;''food'' || '''fitelifa'''&lt;br&gt;''gourmand''
|-
| '''doob'''&lt;br&gt;''nation'' || '''doobifa'''&lt;br&gt;''patriotic''
|-
! rowspan=2|-ifwa !!rowspan=2| ''loved by'' !! Noun Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''tyod'''&lt;br&gt;''people'' || '''tyodifwa'''&lt;br&gt;''popular''
|-
! rowspan=4|-ufa !!rowspan=4| ''adverse to, hating, miso-, -phobic'' !! Noun Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''tob'''&lt;br&gt;''human'' || '''tobufa'''&lt;br&gt;''misanthropic''
|-
| '''hyut-'''&lt;br&gt;''other person'' || '''hyutufa'''&lt;br&gt;''xenophobic''
|-
| '''toyb-'''&lt;br&gt;''woman'' || '''toybufa'''&lt;br&gt;''misogynist''
|-
! rowspan=5|-ef(w)a !!rowspan=5|''needful of,&lt;br&gt;(necessary to be X-ed)'' !! Noun or Verb Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''til'''&lt;br&gt;''drink'' || '''tilefa'''&lt;br&gt;''thirsty''
|-
| '''tel'''&lt;br&gt;''food'' || '''telefa'''&lt;br&gt;''hungry''
|- 
| '''nas'''&lt;br&gt;''money'' || '''nasefa'''&lt;br&gt;''poor, needy''
|-
| '''yelb-'''&lt;br&gt;''to oil'' || '''yelbefwa'''&lt;br&gt;''squeaky, in need of oil''
|-
! rowspan=4|-yef(w)a !!rowspan=4| ''worthy of,&lt;br&gt; due to be (deserving of being X-ed)'' !! Noun or Verb Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''fid'''&lt;br&gt;''praise'' || '''fidyefa'''&lt;br&gt;''praiseworthy''
|-
| '''dud'''&lt;br&gt;''answer'' || '''dudyefa'''&lt;br&gt;''responsible''
|-
| '''tax-'''&lt;br&gt;''remember'' || '''taxyefwa'''&lt;br&gt;''memorable''
|-
! rowspan=3|-yuk(w)a !!rowspan=3| ''easy to, (easily X-ed)'' !! Verb Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''vatex-'''&lt;br&gt;''believe'' || '''vatexyuka'''&lt;br&gt;''gullible''
|-
| '''vatex-'''&lt;br&gt;''believe'' || '''vatexyukwa'''&lt;br&gt;''incredible, hard to believe''
|-
! rowspan=3|-yik(w)a !!rowspan=3| ''hard to,&lt;br&gt;(hard of X-ing)'' !! Verb Stem !! Adjective
|-
| '''teat-'''&lt;br&gt;''see'' || '''teatyikwa'''&lt;br&gt;''opaque''
|-
| '''teet-'''&lt;br&gt;''hear'' || '''teetyika'''&lt;br&gt;''hard of hearing''
|}

=== Adjectival Prefixes ===

==== Negating the Meaning of Adjectives ====
::: The semantics of an adjective can be reversed with the prefix '''o-'''.

::: Examples:

::::* '''vlea'''....''probable'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;vlea'''....''improbable''
::::* '''fika'''....''perfect'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;fika'''....''imperfect''
::::* '''twa'''....''known'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;twa'''....''unknown''
::::* '''bosa'''....''quiet'' &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;bosa'''....''upset, unquiet''

::: Note: Occasionally, the prefix '''lo-''' is used to avoid ambiguity, as in the following case:

::::* '''fwa'''....''wanted'' 
::::* &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;fwa'''....''prohibited'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;&lt;/big&gt; '''ofer'''....''to prohibit''
::::* &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;yo&lt;/u&gt;fwa'''....''impossible'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;&lt;/big&gt; '''yofer'''....''to be unable''
::::* &lt;big&gt;→&lt;/big&gt; '''&lt;u&gt;lo&lt;/u&gt;fwa'''....''unwanted'' &lt;big&gt;&lt;&lt;/big&gt; '''fer'''....''to want'' (disambiguated)

::: The prefixes '''lyo-''' and '''ov''' are more intense for reversing the meaning of an adjective:

::::* '''data'''....''friendly''
::::* '''odata'''....''unfriendly''
::::* '''ovdata'''....''hostile''
::::* '''lyodata'''....''inimical''

::::* '''dota'''....''social''
::::* '''odota'''....''unsocial''
::::* '''ovdota'''....''antisocial''
::::* '''lyodota'''....''savage''

==== Table of Adjective Prefixes ====

::: As in English, where the sense of adjectives can be altered by a number of prefixes of Germanic, Latin, and Greek origin, the sense of adjectives in Mirad can also be altered with prefixes.  Here are the principal ones:

:::{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable collapsable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Altering the Sense of Adjectives with Prefixes&lt;br&gt;Click on double arrow to alphabetize the column
|-
! Mirad Prefix !! English Prefix !! Altered Adjective Examples
|-
| '''o-''' || ''un-, a(n)-, in-, non-'' ||'''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;baka'''....''unhealthy''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;yezyebeya'''....''incontinent'', '''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;yelpea'''....''non-invasive''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;totina'''....''atheist''
|-
|'''ov-''' ||  ''anti-, counter-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ov&lt;/u&gt;zuina'''....''anti-leftist''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ov&lt;/u&gt;iztida'''....''counter-intuitive''
|-
|'''av-''' ||  ''pro-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;av&lt;/u&gt;hyitoosifa'''....''pro-gay''
|-
| '''kovyo-''' ||''pseudo-'' ||  '''&lt;u&gt;kovyo&lt;/u&gt;tepina'''....''pseudo-intellectual''
|-
| '''hya(s)-''' || ''all-, pan-, omni-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;hyas&lt;/u&gt;tea'''....''all-knowing, omniscient''
|-
| '''voy-, gal-''' || ''re-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt;upya'''....''returned''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;gal&lt;/u&gt;abwa'''....''&lt;u&gt;re&lt;/u&gt;applied''
|-
| '''vyo-''' || ''mis-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;vyo&lt;/u&gt;seudxwa'''....''mispronounced''
|-
| '''eyn-''' ||  ''semi-, half-'' ||'''&lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;levelaya'''....''semi-sweet''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;eyn&lt;/u&gt;tija'''....''half-awake''
|-
|'''yiz-''' ||  ''ultra-, super-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yiz&lt;/u&gt;doobina'''....''ultra-nationalist''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;yiz&lt;/u&gt;mola'''....''supernatural''
|-
| '''gro-''' || ''under-, hypo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gro&lt;/u&gt;jaga'''....''under-aged''
|-
| '''gra-''' || ''over-, hyper-, uber-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt;agxwa'''....''overgrown''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt;toseya'''....''hypersensitive''
|-
| '''gla-''' ||''multi-, many-, poly-'' ||  '''&lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt;kuma'''....''multilateral''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt;tadaya'''....''polygamous''
|-
|'''fu-''' || ''mal-, ill-'' ||  '''&lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt;teyenxwa'''....''ill-conceived''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;fu&lt;/u&gt;sanxwa'''....''malformed''
|-
| '''fi-''' || ''well-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;fi&lt;/u&gt;tofabwa'''....''well-dressed''
|-
| '''yuyb-''' ||''quasi-, almost'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuyb&lt;/u&gt;daba'''....''quasi-governmental''
|-
|  '''ja-''' || ''pre-, (a)fore-, pro-'' ||'''&lt;u&gt;ja&lt;/u&gt;teyenxwa'''....''pre-conceived''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ja&lt;/u&gt;igdawa'''....''aformentioned''
|-
| '''jo-''' || ''post-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;jo&lt;/u&gt;dropeka'''....''post-war''
|-
| '''oyeb-'''|| ''extra-, exo-, '' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyeb&lt;/u&gt;tada'''....''extra-marital''
|-
| '''yeb-''' || ''endo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yeb&lt;/u&gt;tayoba'''....''endo-dermal''
|-
| '''agl(a)-''' || ''macro-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;agla&lt;/u&gt;mora'''....''macrocosmic''
|-
| '''ogl(a)-''' || ''micro-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ogla&lt;/u&gt;mora'''....''microcosmic''
|-
| '''ut-''' || ''auto-, self-, sui-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;pana'''....''automatic''&lt;br&gt;'''&lt;u&gt;ut&lt;/u&gt;tojbua'''....''suicidal''
|-
| '''hyaewa-''' || ''ambi-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;hyaewa&lt;/u&gt;tesea'''....''ambivalent''
|-
| '''en-''' || ''bi-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;en&lt;/u&gt;toobifa'''....''bisexual''
|-
| '''yuz-''' || ''circum-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuz&lt;/u&gt;teaxea'''....''circumspect''
|-
| '''gel-''' || ''homo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;gel&lt;/u&gt;sauna'''....''homogeneous''
|-
| '''ogel-''' || ''hetero-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ogel&lt;/u&gt;sauna'''....''heterogeneous''
|-
| '''oyb-''' || ''infra-, sub-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;oyb&lt;/u&gt;ivoza'''....''infrared''
|-
| '''ge-''' || ''iso-, equi-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ge&lt;/u&gt;voza'''....''isochromatic''
|-
| '''agr(a)-''' || ''mega-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;agra&lt;/u&gt;tipa'''....''megamaniacal''
|-
| '''ku-''' || ''para-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;ku&lt;/u&gt;ega'''....''paranormal''
|-
| '''yuyb-''' || ''quasi-, almost, pen-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yuyb&lt;/u&gt;dobyena'''....''quasi-official''
|-
| '''yib-''' || ''tele-, far-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;yib&lt;/u&gt;pyuxea'''....''far-reaching''
|-
| '''zey-''' || ''trans-, cross-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;zey&lt;/u&gt;mimaga'''....''transoceanic''
|-
| '''aaj-''' || ''paleo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;aaj&lt;/u&gt;toba'''....''paleoloanthropic''
|-
| '''eej-''' || ''neo-'' || '''&lt;u&gt;eej&lt;/u&gt;visauna'''....''neoclassical''
|-
| '''yibaj-''' || ''arch(a)eo-, ancient'' || '''yibajtuna'''....''archaeological''
|-
| '''yeb-''' || ''endo-, inner, intro-'' || '''yebzena'''....''endocentric''&lt;br&gt;'''yebuzbwa'''....''introverted''
|-
| '''oyeb-''' || ''exo-, outer, ex-, extr(a/o)-'' || '''oyebzena'''....''exocentric''&lt;br&gt;'''oyebuzbwa'''....''extroverted''
|-
| '''yab(an)-''' || ''high-, up'' || '''yabnoga'''....''upscale''&lt;br&gt;'''yabnayxa'''....''high-priced''
|-
| '''yaban-''' || ''acro-'' || '''yabanyufa'''....''acrophobic''
|-
| '''yob-''' || ''low-, down-'' || '''yobnoga'''....''low-grade, down-scale''
|}


=== English and Mirad Adjectival Suffix Comparison ===

: Here is a chart showing a comparison between English adjectival suffixes and their Mirad counterparts:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ English and Mirad Adjectival Suffixes Compared
|-
! English Suffix !! Meaning !! Mirad Suffix !! Altered Adjective Examples
|-
| ''-ful'' || full of || '''-aya&lt;br&gt; -ika''' || '''voz&lt;u&gt;aya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''colorful''&lt;br&gt; '''tuz&lt;u&gt;ika&lt;/u&gt;'''....''skillful''
|-
| ''-ous'' || full of || '''-aya&lt;br&gt; -ika''' || '''naz&lt;u&gt;ika&lt;/u&gt;'''....''precious''&lt;br&gt; '''mil&lt;u&gt;aya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''aqueous''
|-
| ''-filled'' || full of || '''-aya&lt;br&gt; -ika''' || '''mov&lt;u&gt;ika&lt;/u&gt; / mov&lt;u&gt;aya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''smoke-filled''
|-
| ''-y'' || full of || '''-aya&lt;br&gt; -ika''' || '''mov&lt;u&gt;ika&lt;/u&gt; / mov&lt;u&gt;aya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''smoky''&lt;br&gt; 
|-
| ''-ous'' || of&lt;br&gt; like || '''-a''' || '''totin&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''religious''&lt;br&gt; '''vyos&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''erroneous''
|-
| ''-ly'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''tot&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''godly''&lt;br&gt; '''toyb&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''womanly''
|-
| ''-like'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''pat&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bird-like''
|-
| ''-ish'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''tobot&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''childish''
|-
| ''-y'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''fyab&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''fruity''
|-
| ''-ic'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''tuz&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''artistic''&lt;br&gt; '''sil&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''acidic''
|-
| ''-ic'' || of&lt;br&gt; related to || '''-a''' || '''tun&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''scientific''&lt;br&gt; '''bek&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''therapeutic''
|-
| ''-ical'' || of&lt;br&gt; related to || '''-a''' || '''zyunid&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''spherical''&lt;br&gt; '''iztex&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''logical''
|-
| ''-ological'' || pertaining to the study of || '''-tuna''' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;tuna&lt;/u&gt;'''....''biological''
|-
| ''-ist(ic)'' || pertaining to the doctrine of || '''-ina''' || '''dopar&lt;u&gt;ina&lt;/u&gt;'''....''militarist(ic)''&lt;br&gt; '''nasyan&lt;u&gt;ina&lt;/u&gt;'''....''capitalist(ic)''
|-
| ''-ophobic'' (and ''miso-'' prefix) || hating&lt;br&gt; fearful of || '''-ufa''' || '''yudat&lt;u&gt;ufa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''xenophonic''&lt;br&gt; '''tobyan&lt;u&gt;ufa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''misanthropic''
|-
| ''-ophilic'' (and ''philo-'' prefix) || loving || '''-ifa''' || '''tobot&lt;u&gt;ifa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''pedophilic''&lt;br&gt; '''tob&lt;u&gt;ifa&lt;/u&gt;'''....''philanthropic''
|-
| ''-al'' || like || '''-yena''' || '''pyot&lt;u&gt;yena&lt;/u&gt;'''....''bestial''
|-
| ''-al'' || of&lt;br&gt; pertaining to || '''-a''' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''vital''&lt;br&gt; '''aman&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''thermal''
|-
| ''-less'' || without&lt;br&gt; empty of || '''-oya&lt;br&gt; -uka''' || '''tej&lt;u&gt;uka&lt;/u&gt;'''....''lifeless''&lt;br&gt; '''tobot&lt;u&gt;oya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''childless''
|-
| ''-free'' || without&lt;br&gt; empty of || '''-oya&lt;br&gt; -uka''' || '''yom&lt;u&gt;uka&lt;/u&gt;'''....''ice-free''&lt;br&gt; '''vyos&lt;u&gt;oya&lt;/u&gt;'''....''error-free''
|-
| ''-safe&lt;br&gt; -proof'' || free&lt;br&gt; not subject to || '''-vaka''' || '''mil&lt;u&gt;vaka&lt;/u&gt;'''....''water&lt;u&gt;proof&lt;/u&gt;''
|}

== Forming Adverbs ==

: Adjectives can be converted into adverbs by post-y-gliding the adjectival suffix '''a''', in other words, by adding a '''y''' to the adjective.  Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.

: Examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Deriving Adverbs
|-
! Adjective !! Adverb
|-
| '''fi&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''good'' || '''fi&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''well'' 
|-
| '''vya&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''true'' || '''vya&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''truly''
|-
| '''gyu&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''easy'' || '''gyu&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''easily''
|-
| '''ig&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''quick'' || '''ig&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''quickly''
|-
| '''aut&lt;u&gt;a&lt;/u&gt;'''....''personal'' || '''aut&lt;u&gt;ay&lt;/u&gt;'''....''personally''
|}

: For brevity's sake, the stem of monosyllabic de-adjectival adverbs can be used at the end of a clause or sentence.  For example:

::* '''It tyoyape &lt;u&gt;ig&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''He walks &lt;u&gt;fast&lt;/u&gt;.''
::* '''Yit xa has &lt;u&gt;fi&lt;/u&gt;.'''....''They did it &lt;u&gt;well&lt;/u&gt;.''
=== Special Adverbs ===
: Mirad has special adverbs that are not derived from adjectives and may or may not end in '''-ay'''.  

: Here are the principal such adverbs:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Special Adverbs
|-
! Mirad !! English
|-
| '''vay'''||''indeed, really, certainly, do'' (cf. '''va'''....''yes'')
|-
| '''vey'''||''possibly, may, might''  (cf. '''ve'''....''maybe'')
|-
| '''voy'''||''not'' (cf. '''vo'''....''no'')
|-
| '''ga'''||''more'' (modifying an adjective, adverb, or verb)
|- 
| '''gay'''||''also, moreover, further, still''
|-
| '''ge'''||''as, equally'' (modifying an adjective, adverb, or verb)
|-
| '''gey'''||''even''
|-
| '''go'''||''less'' (modifying an adjective, adverb, or verb)
|-
| '''goy'''||''no longer, no more'' 
|-
| '''gla'''||''very''
|-
| '''glay'''||''quite, rather, so''
|-
| '''gle'''||''so''
|-
| '''glo'''||''not very, not so''
|-
| '''gra'''||''too''
|-
| '''gre'''||''enough, sufficiently, over-''
|-
| '''gro'''||''not...enough, inadequately, under-''
|-
| '''gwa'''||''most, super-''
|-
| '''gwe'''||''average''
|-
| '''gwo'''||''least, sub-''
|-
| '''zay'''||''ahead, forward''
|-
| '''zey'''||''across''
|-
| '''zoy'''||''back''
|-
| '''zye'''||''through''
|-
| '''zya'''||''throughout''
|}

: The first three adverbs in the above chart are used to affirm or emphasize, cast doubt on, or negate verb predicates as in the examples that follow:

::* AFFIRMATIVE: '''Va, at &lt;u&gt;vay&lt;/u&gt; se taduwa.'''....''Yes, I am &lt;u&gt;indeed&lt;/u&gt; married.''
::* DUBITIVE: '''Iyta dud se &lt;u&gt;vey&lt;/u&gt; vyosa.'''....''Her response is &lt;u&gt;possibly&lt;/u&gt; wrong.''
::* NEGATIVE: '''At &lt;u&gt;voy&lt;/u&gt; se eta yuxrut.'''....''I am &lt;u&gt;not&lt;/u&gt; your slave.''

: The adverbs above beginning with '''g''' are quantitative adverbs and modify an adjective, verb, or another adverb:

::* '''Et se &lt;u&gt;gla&lt;/u&gt; via.'''....''You are &lt;u&gt;very&lt;/u&gt; beautiful [=ADJECTIVE].''
::* '''Et peya &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; ig.'''....''You were going &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; fast [=ADVERB].''
::* '''It &lt;u&gt;gra&lt;/u&gt; dale.'''....''He talks [=VERB] &lt;u&gt;too&lt;/u&gt; much.''

: Adverbs can be combined with prepositions to form compound prepositions.  If the adverbs ends in '''b''' and the preposition following it begins in '''b''', they are joined together with a single '''b'''.
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Compound Prepositions
|-
! Special Adverb !! Example
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' + '''bu'''....''to'' = '''yabu''' || '''Ha pat papa &lt;u&gt;yabu&lt;/u&gt; ha mam.'''....''The bird flew &lt;u&gt;up to&lt;/u&gt; the sky.''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' + '''bu'''....''to'' = '''yobu'''|| '''Teaxu &lt;u&gt;yobu&lt;/u&gt; ha mel.'''....''Look &lt;u&gt;down to&lt;/u&gt; the ground.''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' + '''bi'''....''from'' = '''yobi''' || '''Upu &lt;u&gt;yobi&lt;/u&gt; ha abmas!'''....''Come &lt;u&gt;down from&lt;/u&gt; the roof!''
|-
| '''yub'''....''near'' + '''bi'''....''from'' = '''yubi''' || '''Besu &lt;u&gt;yubi&lt;/u&gt; ha mas.'''....''Stay &lt;u&gt;near (from)&lt;/u&gt; the wall.''
|-
| '''yib'''....''far'' + '''bi'''....''from'' = '''yibi''' || '''Ha tobi igpia &lt;u&gt;yibi&lt;/u&gt; ha yovbyokam.'''....''The people ran &lt;u&gt;far from&lt;/u&gt; the prison.''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in, inward, inside'' + '''bu'''....''to'' = '''yebu'''  || '''Kyedu hat hu ogja tyoyapa &lt;u&gt;yebu&lt;/u&gt;ha tam!'''....''Guess who just walked &lt;u&gt;into&lt;/u&gt; the house!''
|-
| '''oyeb'''....''out, outside'' + '''zye'''....''through'' || '''It tyoyapa &lt;u&gt;oyeb zye&lt;/u&gt; ha zames.'''....''He walked &lt;u&gt;out&lt;/u&gt; through the front door.''
|-
| '''iz'''....''directly, straight'' + '''bu'''....''to'' || '''Pu &lt;u&gt;iz bu&lt;/u&gt; hat.'''....''Go &lt;u&gt;right up to&lt;/u&gt; him.''
|-
| '''zi'''....''right'' + '''ub'''....''toward''|| '''Uzpu &lt;u&gt;zi ub&lt;/u&gt; yat!'''....''Turn &lt;u&gt;right toward&lt;/u&gt; us!''
|-
| '''zu'''....''left'' + '''bi'''....''from''|| '''Hat uzpa &lt;u&gt;zu ib&lt;/u&gt; at.'''....''He turned &lt;u&gt;left away from&lt;/u&gt; me.''
|-
| '''zay'''....''forward'' + '''bu'''....''to'' || '''Pu &lt;u&gt;zay bu&lt;/u&gt; ha uj.'''....''Go &lt;u&gt;on to&lt;/u&gt; the end.''
|-
| '''zoy'''....''back'' + '''bi'''....''from''|| '''Upu &lt;u&gt;zoy bi&lt;/u&gt; hua nem.'''....''Come &lt;u&gt;back from&lt;/u&gt; that place.''
|-
| '''yan'''....''together'' + '''bay'''....''with'' || '''Van yat tyopu &lt;u&gt;yan bay&lt;/u&gt; ha hyuti.'''....''Let's walk &lt;u&gt;together with&lt;/u&gt; the others.''
|-
| '''yon'''....''apart'' + '''bi'''....''from''|| '''Ha meri kyapeye &lt;u&gt;yon bi &lt;/u&gt; hyuisi.'''....''The planets are drifting &lt;u&gt;apart from&lt;/u&gt; one another.''
|}

=== Pro-adverbs ===
: There are also adverbial expressions that are formed with deictic prefixes and categorical stubs to produce what are known as '''''pro-adverbs'''''.  These include interrogative pro-adverbs like '''duhom?''' (''where?''), '''duhoyen?''' (''how?''), '''duhoj?''' (''when?''), '''duhogla''' (''to what extent?''), and their answers, such as '''hum''' (''there''), '''heyen''' (''somehow''), and '''hyoj''' (''never''), '''hugla''' (''so, to that extent''). These words are discussed under the chapter on [[Mirad_Grammar/Determiners#Deictic Determiners|Deictic Determiners]].

== Forming Verbs ==
[[File:Various forms of using the verb &quot;to inform&quot; in LSC.png|thumb|]]
: Verbs can be formed from various parts of speech:
::* Noun stems
::* Adjective stems
::* Verb stems
=== Forming Verbs from Nouns ===

: Verbs can sometimes be formed from nouns simply by adding the verb infinitive suffix '''er''':

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Denominal Verb Derivation
|-
! Noun !! Verb
|-
| '''ak'''....''a gain'' || '''aker'''....''to win''
|-
| '''af'''....''permission'' || '''afer'''....''may, be allowed''
|-
| '''teud'''....''cry, shout'' || '''teuder'''....''to cry, shout, exclaim''
|-
| '''taj'''....''birth'' || '''tajer'''....''to be born''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''tejer'''....''to live''
|-
| '''toj'''....''death'' || '''tojer'''....''to die''
|-
| '''ej'''....''present'' || '''ejer'''....''to continue''
|-
| '''ij'''....''beginning'' || '''ijer'''....''to begin''
|-
| '''uj'''....''end'' || '''ijer'''....''to end''
|-
| '''yuj'''....''sleep'' || '''tujer'''....''to sleep''
|}

=== Verb Formants ===

: More often, an auxiliary verb or verb stub is used to create various verbs from nouns.  The most common such '''''verb formants''''' are in this chart:

:* '''-ser'''....''to be/become'' usually intransitive and stative (''unite'' = ''become one'')
::* '''-sler'''....(more intensive)
::* '''-srer'''....(most intensive)
:* '''-xer'''....''to do/make'' usually transitive and dynamic (''unite'' = ''make one'')
::* '''-xler'''....(more intensive)
::* '''-xrer'''....(most intensive)
:* '''-per'''....''to go'' usually intransitive and a dynamic verb of motion (''mount'' = ''get onto'')
::* '''-pler'''....(more intensive)
::* '''-prer'''....(most intensive)
:* '''-ber'''....''to put'' usually transitive and a verb of gesture (''apply'' = ''put onto'')
::* '''-bler'''....(more intensive)
::* '''-brer'''....(most intensive)
:* '''-ier''' a stub from the verb '''bier'''....''to take'', usually an action verb benefiting the agent (''eat'' = ''take food'')
:* '''-uer''' a stub from the verb '''buer'''....''to give'', usually an action verb benefiting the patient (''feed'' = ''give food'')
:* '''-der'''....''to say'', a verb of communication (''affirm'' = ''say yes'')
:* '''-drer'''....''to write''
:* '''-ter'''....''to know'', verbs of the perception and knowledge ('''teater''' = ''see'')

:: Some of the above formants can be intensified with the liquids '''l''' or '''r''', eg.'''sler, -xler, -xrer, -bler, -prer'''.

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Verb Derivation with Verb Formants
|-
! Noun !! Auxiliary Verb Or Verb Stub Formant !! Verb
|-
| '''yav'''....''innocence'' || '''der'''....''to say'' || '''yavder'''....''to acquit''
|-
| '''yov'''....''shame, guilt'' || '''aber'''....''to apply, put on'' || '''yovaber'''....''to shame, accuse''
|-
| '''yov'''....''shame, guilt'' || '''ober'''....''to remove, take off'' || '''yovober'''....''to excuse, exculpate''
|-
| '''tof'''....''clothes'' || '''aber'''....''to apply, put on'' || '''tofaber'''....''to dress, don''
|-
| '''tof'''....''clothes'' || '''ober'''....''to remove, take off'' || '''tofober'''....''to undress, strip''
|-
| '''det'''....''associate'' || '''ser'''....''to be, become'' || '''detser'''....''to associate''
|-
| '''dat'''....''friend'' || '''xer'''....''to do, make'' || '''datxer'''....''to befriend''
|-
| '''san'''....''form'' || '''ser'''....''to be, become'' || '''sanser'''....''to form (intransitive)''
|-
| '''san'''....''form'' || '''xer'''....''to do, make'' || '''sanxer'''....''to form (transitive)''
|-
| '''tel'''....''food'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''telier'''....''to eat, consume''
|-
| '''tel'''....''food'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''teluer'''....''to feed, nourish''
|-
| '''if'''....''pleasure'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''ifier'''....''to enjoy''
|-
| '''if'''....''pleasure'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''ifuer'''....''to please''
|-
| '''taj'''....''birth'' || '''ber'''....''to put'' || '''tajber'''....''to give birth''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''tejper'''....''to come alive''
|-
| '''tej'''....''life'' || '''ber'''....''to put'' || '''tejber'''....''to bring to life''
|-
| '''toj'''....''death'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''tojper'''....''to drop dead''
|-
| '''toj'''....''death'' || '''ber'''....''to put'' || '''tojber'''....''to kill''
|-
| '''tij'''....''wakefulness'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''tijper'''....''to wake up''
|-
| '''tij'''....''wakefulness'' || '''ber'''....''to put'' || '''tijber'''....''to awaken''
|-
| '''tuj'''....''sleep'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''tujper'''....''to fall asleep''
|-
| '''tuj'''....''sleep'' || '''ber'''....''to put'' || '''tujber'''....''to put to sleep''
|-
| '''tax'''....''memory'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''taxier'''....''to recall''
|-
| '''tax'''....''memory'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''taxuer'''....''to remind''
|-
| '''yev'''....''justice'' || '''der'''....''to say, tell'' || '''yevder'''....''to judge''
|-
| '''vyan'''....''truth'' || '''der'''....''to say, tell'' || '''vyander'''....''to tell the truth''
|-
| '''vyon'''....''falsehood'' || '''der'''....''to say, tell'' || '''vyonder'''....''to tell a lie''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''aker'''....''to gain'' || '''ilaker'''....''to take on liquid''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''oker'''....''to lose'' || '''iloker'''....''to leak, lose liquid''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''(b)ier'''....''to take'' || '''ilier'''....''to soak up''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''(b)uer'''....''to give'' || '''iluer'''....''to pour, water''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ikser'''....''to get full'' || '''ilikser'''....''to be soaked'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ikxer'''....''to fill up'' || '''ilikxer'''....''to flood, soak'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ukser'''....''to become empty'' || '''ilukser'''....''to drain'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ukxer'''....''to empty'' || '''ilukxer'''....''to flush'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''ser'''....''to be, become'' || '''ilser'''....''to liquify, melt'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''xer'''....''to do, make'' || '''ilxer'''....''to liquify, melt'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''aber'''....''to apply, put on'' || '''ilaber'''....''to wash'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''aper'''....''to get on'' || '''ilaper'''....''to float'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''per'''....''to go'' || '''ilper'''....''to flow'' (intransitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''zyaber'''....''to spread'' || '''ilzyaber'''....''to spray, shower'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''zyober'''....''to squeeze'' || '''ilzyober'''....''to squirt'' (transitive)
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''pyexer'''....''to strike'' || '''ilpyexer'''....''to splash (with liquid)''
|-
| '''il'''....''liquid'' || '''yujer'''....''to close'' || '''ilyujer'''....''to plug''
|}

: Note that verbs ending in '''-ser''' and '''-ier''' are intransitive (they take no object), while those ending in '''-xer''' and '''-uer''' are transitive.  Also, '''-ier''' verbs are subject-directed, while '''-uer''' verbs are object-directive or causative (making someone do something).

=== Forming Verbs from Adjectives With -xer and -ser ===

: The verbs that are formed from adjectives fall mainly into two groups, the transitive group with '''-xer'''....''to do, make, cause'', and the intransitive group with '''-ser'''....''to be, become''.

: The following chart shows how these verbs are formed:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Forming Verbs with Xer and Ser
|-
! Adjective !! Transitive Verb !! Intransitive Verb
|-
| '''aza'''....''strong'' || '''azaxer'''....''fortify, strengthen, make strong'' || '''azaser'''....''get strong''
|-
| '''oza'''....''week'' || '''ozaxer'''....''weaken'' || '''ozaser'''....''grow weaker''
|-
| '''kyia'''....''heavy'' || '''kyiaxer'''....''weigh down'' || '''kyiaser'''....''grow heavy''
|-
| '''kyua'''....''light'' || '''kyuaxer'''....''lighten, make lighter'' || '''kyuaser'''....''get lighter''
|-
| '''yana'''....''together'' || '''yanaxer'''....''bring together'' || '''yanaser'''....''get together''
|}

: The final adjective ending '''a''' is often dropped to form a verb with a slightly different meaning, usually somewhat more idiomatic.  In some cases, dropping the '''a''' makes it clear that the verb is created from a noun rather than an adjective, as in the last example of the following chart:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Comparing Full and Stub Adjectives in Verb Formation
|-
! Adjective !! Transitive Verb !! Intransitive Verb
|-
| '''aga'''....''big'' || '''agaxer'''....''magnify'' || '''agaser'''....''get big''
|-
|   || '''agxer'''....''grow'' || '''agxer'''....''grow up, mature''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''iga'''....''fast'' || '''igaxer'''....''accelerate'' || '''igaser'''....''speed up''
|-
|  || '''igxer'''....''rush'' || '''igser'''....''hurry up''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''baka'''....''healthy'' || '''bakaxer'''....''make healthy'' || '''bakaser'''....''get healthy''
|-
|  || '''bakxer'''....''heal'' || '''bakser'''....''heal''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''sana'''....''formal'' || '''sanaxer'''....''formalize'' || '''sanaser'''....''become formal''
|-
| || '''sanxer'''....''form, shape'' || '''sanser'''....''form, take shape''
|}

=== Forming Verbs of Gesture and Motion with -ber and -per ===

: Verbs of gesture are formed with the transitive auxiliary verb '''ber'''....''to put'', while parallel verbs of motion are formed with the intransitive auxiliary verb '''per'''....''to go''.  These verbs are usually paired and are often built from a prepositional base.  If the prepositional base ends in '''b''', the '''b''' is dropped. Here are some examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Verb Derivation with Ber and Per
|-
! Preposition&lt;br&gt;Base !! Transitive Gesture Verb !! Intransitive Motion Verb
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''aber'''....''apply, put on'' || '''aper'''....''mount, get on''
|-
| '''eb'''....''between'' || '''eber'''....''block'' || '''eper'''....''intervene''
|-
| '''ob'''....''off'' || '''ober'''....''remove, take off'' || '''oper'''....''dismount, get off''
|-
| '''ib'''....''away'' || '''iber'''....''receive'' || '''iper'''....''leave''
|-
| '''ub'''....''toward'' || '''uber'''....''send'' || '''uper'''....''come''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' || '''yaber'''....''raise'' || '''yaper'''....''rise''
|-
| '''yeb'''....''in''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''yeber'''....''insert''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeber'''....''take out'' || '''yeper'''....''enter''&lt;br&gt;'''oyeper'''....''exit''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yober'''....''lower'' || '''yoper'''....''descend''
|-
| '''yib'''....''far'' || '''yiber'''....''take away'' || '''yiper'''....''move away''
|-
| '''yub'''....''near'' || '''yuber'''....''bring'' || '''yuper'''....''approach''
|-
! !! !!
|-
|-
| '''za'''....''front'' || '''zaber'''....''put up front'' || '''zaper'''....''take the lead''
|-
| '''zay'''....''forward'' || '''zayber'''....''advance'' || '''zayper'''....''advance, go forward''
|-
| '''ze'''....''middle'' || '''zeber'''....''balance'' || '''zeper'''....''balance''
|-
| '''zey'''....''across'' || '''zeyber'''....''take across, transfer'' || '''zeyper'''....''cross, go over, transit''
|-
| '''zo'''....''behind'' || '''zober'''....''hinder'' || '''zoper'''....''trail, lag''
|-
| '''zoy'''....''back'' || '''zoyber'''....''set back, return'' || '''zoyper'''....''retreat, go back, return''
|-
! !! !!
|-
| '''iz'''....''straight'' || '''izber'''....''guide'' || '''izper'''....''aim for''
|-
| '''uz'''....''crooked'' || '''uzber'''....''divert'' || '''uzper'''....''turn, diverge''
|-
|- '''zi'''....''right'' || '''ziber'''....''set to the right'' || '''ziper'''....''go right''
|-
| '''zu'''....''left'' || '''zuber'''....''set to the left'' || '''zuper'''.... ''go left''
|-
| '''yiz'''....''beyond'' || '''yizber'''....''take beyond'' || '''yizper'''....''pass by''
|-
| '''yuz'''....''around'' || '''yuzber'''....''take around'' || '''yuzper'''....''go around''
|}
==== Deriving Further Verbs of Gesture and Motion ====
: More elaborate verbs of gesture and motion can be formed by adding positional/directional ordinal vowels along with combinations of '''ser''' and '''xer''', plus the intensifiers '''y''', '''l''' and '''r'''.  In this more complex scheme, the stem-initial '''p''' is a more semantically intense version of '''b'''.  Also the verb endings '''-sler''' and '''-srer''' and more intense versions of the intransitive ending '''-ser''', while '''-xler''' and '''-xrer''' and more intense version of the transitve ending '''-xer'''.  Verbs ending in '''-ler''' and '''-rer''' are transitive voice by nature, '''-rer''' being more semantically intense.  Prepositions can be prefixed to change the direction of the gestures or motions. 

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Creating More Elaborate Verbs
|-
! colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Gesture Verb !! colspan=&quot;2&quot;| Motion Verb
|-
! Intransitive !! Transitive !! Intransitive !! Transitive
|-
| -- ||'''ber'''....''put''
&lt;br&gt;'''beer'''....''have''
&lt;br&gt;'''beler'''....''carry''
&lt;br&gt;'''bexer'''....''hold''
&lt;br&gt;'''bexler'''....''keep''
| '''per'''....''go''||--
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''baer'''....''lean on'' || '''baler'''....''press''&lt;br&gt;'''yanbaler'''....''compress''&lt;br&gt;'''yobaler'''....''depress, suppress''&lt;br&gt;'''yuzbaler'''....''hug''&lt;br&gt;'''zoybaler'''....''repress''&lt;br&gt;'''barer'''....''crush'' ||'''paer'''....''hover''  ||
|-
|'''baser'''....''gesticulate'' || '''baxer'''....''make a gesture''&lt;br&gt;'''abaxer'''....''caress, pat'' || '''paser'''....''move''||'''paxer'''....''move''
|-
|'''byaser'''....''stand up'' || '''byaxer'''....''set up, erect'' || '''pyaser'''....''jump up'' || '''pyaxer'''....''shoot, launch''
|-
|'''basler'''....''budge'' || '''baxler'''....''rouse''&lt;br&gt;'''abaxler'''....''stroke'' || '''paaser'''....''get excited'' || '''paaxer'''....''excite''&lt;br&gt;'''apaxler'''....''sweep''
|-
|'''basrer'''....''shake'' || '''baxrer'''....''shake''&lt;br&gt;'''abaxrer'''....''rub'' || || '''apaxrer'''....''scrub''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
|'''beser'''....''stay'' || '''bexer'''....''hold''&lt;br&gt;'''zoybexer'''....''restrain''&lt;br&gt;'''yobexer'''....''detain, hold down'' || '''peser'''....''wait'' || '''pexer'''....''trap''&lt;br&gt;'''pexler'''....''capture''&lt;br&gt;'''pexrer'''....''abduct''
|-
|'''byeser'''....''behave''|| '''byexer'''....''hit'' || '''pyeser'''....''run into, bump into''|| '''pyexer'''....''strike, knock''&lt;br&gt;'''yonpyexer'''....''break''&lt;br&gt;'''yopyexer'''....''knock down''&lt;br&gt;'''epyexer'''....''fight''&lt;br&gt;'''apyexer'''....''attack''&lt;br&gt;'''ovpyexer'''....''offend''&lt;br&gt;'''kunpyexer'''....''sideswipe''&lt;br&gt;'''tuyapyexer'''....''slap''
|-
|'''besler'''....''adhere'' || '''bexler'''....''retain''|| || '''pyexler'''....''pound, beat''&lt;br&gt;'''apyexler'''....''assault''&lt;br&gt;'''yonpexler'''....''shatter, burst''
|-
| || || '''yanpyesrer'''....''implode''&lt;br&gt;'''yonpyesler'''....''explode'' || '''pyexler'''....''blast, bomb''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''boser'''....''calm down''&lt;br&gt;'''boyser'''....''rest'' || '''boxer'''....''quieten, quell'' || '''poser'''....''stop''&lt;br&gt;'''poyser'''....''pause'' || '''poxer'''....''stop''
|-
| '''byoser'''....''hang'' || '''byoxer'''....''hang'' || '''pyoser'''....''fall''&lt;br&gt;'''yonpyoser'''....''decay'' || '''pyoxer'''....''drop, throw down''&lt;br&gt;'''yopyoxer'''....''topple''&lt;br&gt;
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''biser'''....''originate'' || '''bixer'''....''pull''&lt;br&gt;'''yanbixer'''....''contract''&lt;br&gt;'''yonbixer'''....''distract''&lt;br&gt;'''yubixer'''....''attract''&lt;br&gt;'''yibixer'''....''distract''&lt;br&gt;'''oyebixer'''....''extract''&lt;br&gt;'''yebixer'''....''push in'' || || '''pixer'''....''catch''
|-
|'''bisler'''....''spring'' || '''bixler'''....''yank''&lt;br&gt;'''bixrer'''....''ravage'' || || '''pixler'''....''snatch''&lt;br&gt;'''pixrer'''....''rape''
|-
! !! !! !!
|-
| '''buser'''....''be destined'' || '''buxer'''....''push, drive''&lt;br&gt;'''zyobuxer'''....''squeeze''&lt;br&gt;'''yebuxer'''....''expel''&lt;br&gt;'''abuxer'''....''impose'' || '''apuser'''....''assault'' || '''puxer'''....''throw, thrust''
|-
|'''byuser'''....''bump into'' || '''byuxer'''....''touch''&lt;br&gt;'''yanbyuxer'''....''contact'' ||'''pyuser'''....''run into'' || '''pyuxer'''....''crash''
|-
|'''busler'''....''swoop'' || '''buxler'''....''shove'' || '''pusler'''....''lunge, pounce'' || '''puxler'''....''thrust''&lt;br&gt;'''zyapuxler'''....''splatter''
|}

=== Deriving New Verbs with Prefixes ===
: Yet more complex verbs can be generated by adding directional and positional prefixes to the above verbs. Let's just take the one verb '''baxer''' (and its intransitive partner '''baser''') as our base verb and generate many others through prefixation of prepositional and other words as shown in the following chart:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Baxer Verbs
|-
! Prefix !! Verb
|-
!  colspan=2 | '''baxer'''....''gesture, make a bodily motion''
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' || '''abaxer'''....''caress, pat, pet, stroke, rub''
|-
| '''iz'''....''straight'' || '''izbaxer'''....''point''
|-
| '''teb'''....''head'' || '''tebaxer'''....''nod''
|-
| '''va'''....''yes'' || '''vatebaxer'''....''nod yes''
|-
| '''vo'''....''no'' || '''votebaxer'''....''nod no''
|-
| '''ve'''....''maybe'' || '''vetebaxer'''....''shrug''
|-
| '''tuyab'''....''hand'' || '''tuyabaxer'''....''wave''
|-
| '''tub'''....''arm'' || '''tubaxer'''....''flail, swing''
|-
| '''teubab'''....''tongue'' || '''teubabaxer'''....''lick''
|-
| '''teab'''....''eye'' || '''teubaxer'''....''wink''
|-
| '''patub'''....''wing'' || '''patubaxer'''....''flap''
|-
| '''tiyub'''....''tail'' || '''tiyubaxer'''....''wag''
|-
! colspan=2 | '''baser'''....''gesticulate''
|-
| '''ig-'''....''fast'' || '''igbaser'''....''jerk''
|-
| '''zay'''....''forward'' || '''igzaybaser'''....''lurch''
|-
| '''zoy'''....''back'' || '''zoybaser'''....''recoil''
|-
| '''yob'''....''down'' || '''yobaser'''....''bow, bend down''
|-
| '''ku-'''....''side'' || '''kubaser'''....''slide''
|-
| '''ig-'''....''fast'' || '''igkubaser'''....''slip''
|-
| '''iz'''....''straight'' + '''uz'''....''curved'' || '''uizbaser'''....''sway, swagger, swish''
|-
| '''zi'''....''right'' + '''zu'''....''left'' || '''zuibaser'''....''wiggle, wobble, totter''
|}

=== Forming Frequentative Verbs ===

: A frequentative verb, that is, one that involves an action done quickly multiple times in succession, can be formed by prefixing the syllable '''je-''' to the verb.  Here are some examples:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ The -eg- Frequentative Infix
|-
! Regular Verb !! Frequantative Verb
|-
| '''paser'''....''move'' || '''jepaser'''....''shake, shudder''
|-
| '''pyaser'''....''jump'' || '''jepyaser'''....''bounce''
|-
| '''paper'''....''fly'' || '''jepaper'''....''flutter, flit''
|-
| '''braser'''....''shake'' || '''jebraser'''....''shudder, quiver, vibrate''
|-
| '''teupixer'''....''bite'' || '''jeteupiger'''....''nibble''
|-
| '''ilzyaber'''....''spray'' || '''jeilzyaber'''....''sprinkle''
|-
| '''pyexer'''....''beat'' || '''jepyexer'''....''batter, whip''
|}

=== Forming Hybrid Words ===

: Expressions with alternating components like ''back-and-forth'', ''up-and-down'', etc. are formed in a peculiar, hybrid way.  The following table shows this formation and how such words can be used, especially as prefixes on verbs:

:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ Hybrid Words
|-
! Alternative Components !! Hybrid Expression !! Examples
|-
| '''yab'''....''up'' +&lt;br&gt;'''yob'''....''down'' || '''yao(b)-'''....''up-and-down'' || '''yaoper'''....''fluctuate'', '''yaopuser'''....''bounce''
|-
| '''a-'''....''up, north, skyward'' +&lt;br&gt;'''o-'''....''down, south'' || '''ao-'''....''vertical'' || '''aonada'''....''vertical'', '''aonab'''....''column''
|-
| '''za(y)'''....''forth, north'' +&lt;br&gt;'''zo(y)'''....''back, south'' || '''zao(b)-'''....''front-back/north-to-south'' || '''zaobaser'''....''rock'', '''zaomera'''....''north/south''
|-
|- '''zu'''....''left/west'' +&lt;br&gt;'''zi'''....''right/east'' || '''zui(b)-'''....''right-to-left/east-to-west'' || '''zuinada'''....''horizontal'', '''zuibaser'''....''wiggle'', '''zuimera'''....''east/west''
|-
| '''bu'''....''to'' +&lt;br&gt;'''bi'''....''from'' || '''bui-'''....''to-and-from'' || '''buipar'''....''shuttle'', '''buipop'''....''round-trip''
|-
| '''ab'''....''on'' +&lt;br&gt;'''ob'''....''off'' || '''ao(b)-'''....''on-and-off'' || '''aoper'''....''get on and off''
|-
| '''yuj-'''....''closed'' +&lt;br&gt;'''yij-'''....''open'' || '''yuij-'''....''open-and-shut'' || '''yuijbar'''....''switch'', '''igyuijer'''....''blink''
|-
| '''uj-'''....''stop'' +&lt;br&gt;'''ij-'''....''start'' || '''uij-'''....''stop-and-start'' || '''uijparpan'''....''stop-and-go traffic''
|-
| '''(a)yeb'''....''in'' +&lt;br&gt;'''oyeb'''....''out'' || '''aoye(b)-'''....''in-and-out'' || '''igaoyeper'''....''run in-and-out''
|-
| '''yub'''....''near'' +&lt;br&gt;'''yib'''....''far'' || '''yui(b)-'''....''near-and-far'' || '''yuipoper'''....''travel near-and-far''
|-
| '''ub'''....''toward'' +&lt;br&gt;'''ib'''....''away'' || '''ui(b)-'''....''toward-and-away'' || '''uipen'''....''coming and going''
|-
| '''hum'''....''there'' +&lt;br&gt;'''him'''....''here'' || '''huim'''....''here-and-there'' || '''huimkexer'''....''search high-and-low (here-and-there)''
|-
| '''hus'''....''that'' +&lt;br&gt;'''his'''....''this'' || '''huis'''....''this-and-that'' || '''huisyexer'''....''do odd jobs, work at this-or-that''
|-
| '''hyut'''....''other person'' +&lt;br&gt;'''hyit'''....''same person'' || '''hyuit'''....''one another'' || '''hyuitifer'''....''love one another'', '''hyuita'''....''mutual, reciprocal''
|}
: Here are some more examples:
:{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;background:lightyellow;font-size:smaller;&quot;
|+ More Hybrids
! Hybrid Word !! English Gloss !! Alternating Components
|-
|'''aogsen'''||'' fluctuation (in size) ''|| '''ag-''' (''big'') + '''og-''' (''little'') + '''s-''' (''become'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''aonada'''||''vertical ''|| '''a-''' (''up/north'') + '''o-''' (''down/south'') + '''nad''' (''line'') + '''-a''' (''adj.'')
|-
|'''aopuys'''||'' hop-on-hop-off ''|| '''a(p)-''' (''on'') + '''o(p)-''' (''off'') + '''puys-''' (''hop'')
|-
|'''buien'''||'' trading, swapping ''|| '''bu-''' (''give'') + '''bi-''' (''trake'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''buip'''||'' traffic ''|| '''bu-''' (''to'') + '''bi-''' (''from'') + '''p-''' (''go'')
|-
|'''buixar'''||''spring''|| '''bux-''' (''push'') + '''bix''' (''pull'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''buixek'''||'' tug-o-war ''|| '''bux-''' (''push'') + '''bix-''' (''pull'') + '''ek''' (''play'')
|-
|'''buixnyem'''||'' drawer ''|| '''bux-''' (''push'') + '''bix-''' (''pull'') + '''nyem''' (''box'')
|-
|'''byaosen'''||'' teetering, stumbling ''|| '''byas-''' (''stand'') + '''byos-''' (''fall'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''diep'''||'' marine force ''|| '''dip''' (''sea force'') + '''dep''' (''land force'')
|-
|'''duid'''||'' q&amp;a, interview ''|| '''dud''' (''answer'') + '''did''' (''question'')
|-
|'''eigpyexer''' || ''batter, whip'' || '''eg-''' (''again'') + '''ig-''' (''fast'') + '''pyexer''' (''to hit'')
|-
|'''gao'''||'' more-or-less ''|| '''ga''' (''more'') + '''go''' (''less'')
|-
|'''glaojo'''||'' sooner or later ''|| '''gla''' (''very'') + '''glo''' (''slightly'') + '''jo''' (''after'')
|-
| '''huimkexer''' || ''search here and there'' || '''hu-''' (''that'') + '''hi-''' (''this'') + '''-m''' (''place'') + '''kex''' (''search'') + '''-er''' (''inf.'')
|-
|'''huis'''||'' this-and-that ''|| '''hu-''' (''that'') + '''hi-''' (''this'') + '''-s''' (''thing'')
|-
|'''hyuit'''||'' one another ''|| '''hyu-''' (''other'') + '''hyi-''' (''same'') + '''-t''' (''person'')
|-
|'''kyaopen'''||'' fluctuation ''|| '''kya-''' (''mobile'') + '''kyo''' (''static'') + '''-pen''' (''going'')
|-
|'''maluier'''||'' breathe ''|| '''mal-''' (''air'') + '''u-''' (''let out'') + '''i-''' (''take in'') '''-er''' (''inf.'')
|-
|'''maojyex'''||'' double-shift work ''|| '''maj''' (''day'') + '''moj''' (''night'') + '''yex''' (''work'')
|-
|'''maonig'''||'' flicker ''|| '''man''' (''light'') + '''mon''' (''dark'') + '''ig-''' (''fast'')
|-
|'''maolza'''||'' black&amp;white/gray ''|| '''malza''' (''white'') + '''molza''' (''black'') 
|-
|'''meil'''||'' mud ''|| '''mel''' (''soil'') + '''mil''' (''water'')
|-
|'''memuiben'''||'' import-exports ''|| '''mem''' (''country'') + '''ub-''' (''send'') + '''ib-''' (''receive'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''mial'''||'' vapor ''|| '''mil''' (''water'') + '''mal''' (''air'')
|-
|'''mieg'''||'' reef ''|| '''mi-''' (''sea'') + '''me-''' (''land'') + '''-g''' (''stone'')
|-
|'''miek'''||'' sand ''|| '''mi-''' (''sea'') + '''me-''' (''land'') + '''-k''' (''rocky substance'')
|-
|'''miem'''||'' swamp ''|| '''mim''' (''sea'') + '''mem''' (''land'')
|-
|'''mimpuin'''||'' dock ''|| '''mim''' (''sea'') + '''pu-''' (''arrive'') + '''pi-''' (''depart'') + '''-m''' (''place'')
|-
|'''mimpyaos'''||'' surf ''|| '''mim''' (''sea'') + '''pyas-''' (''surge'') + '''pyos-''' (''sink'')
|-
|'''mimuip'''||'' tide ''|| '''mim''' (''sea'') + '''up-''' (''come'') + '''ip-''' (''go'')
|-
|'''peit'''||'' amphibian ''|| '''pet''' (''land animal'') + '''pit''' (''sea creature'') 
|-
|'''puim'''||'' kiss-and-ride zone''|| '''pu-''' (''arrive'') + '''pi-''' (''depart'') + '''-m''' (''place'')
|-
|'''puixek'''||'' baseball ''|| '''pux-''' (''pitch'') + '''pix-''' (''catch'') + '''ek''' (''play'')
|-
| '''pyaos''' || ''wave'' || '''pyas-''' (''surge'') + '''pyos-''' (''crest'') 
|-
|'''teabyuij'''||'' blink ''|| '''teab''' (''eye'') + '''yuj-''' (''close'') + '''yij-''' (''open'')
|-
|'''tuijea'''||'' nodding off ''|| '''tuj-''' (''sleep'') + '''tij''' (''wake'') '''-ea''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''uijdal'''||'' stutter ''|| '''uj-''' (''finish'') + '''ij-''' (''start'') + '''dal''' (''speech'')
|-
|'''uipeni'''||'' comings &amp; goings ''|| '''up-''' (''come'') + '''ip''' (''go'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'') + '''-i''' (''pl.'')
|-
|'''uiza'''||'' serpentine, snaky ''|| '''uza''' (''crooked'') + '''iza''' (''straight'')
|-
|'''vao?'''||'' yes or no? ''|| '''va''' (''yes'') + '''vo''' (''no'')
|-
|'''vaod'''||'' decision ''|| '''va''' (''yes'') + '''vo''' (''no'') + '''d-''' (''say'')
|-
|'''yaobar'''||'' elevator ''|| '''yab-''' (''raise'') + '''yob-''' (''lower'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''yaobyuijar'''||''piston''|| '''yab-''' (''raise'') + '''yob-''' (''lower'') + '''yuj-''' (''close'') + '''yij-''' (''open '') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''yaoplas'''||''oscillation''|| '''yap-''' (''up'') + '''yop-''' (''down'') + '''plas''' (''shake'')
|-
|'''yaopsim'''||''seesaw''|| '''yap-''' (''ascend'') + '''yop-''' (''descend'') + '''sim''' (''seat'')
|-
|'''yaopus'''||''bounce''|| ya(''b'')'''-''' (''up'') + yo(''b'')'''-''' (''down'') + '''pus''' (''jump'')
|-
|'''yaovdut'''||''juror''|| '''yav-''' (''innocent'') + '''yov-''' (''guilty'') + '''d-''' (''say'') + '''-ut''' (''agent'')
|-
|'''yaoza'''||''uneven, bumpy, serrated''|| '''yaza''' (''convex'') + '''yoza''' (''concave'')
|-
|'''yaozgoblar'''||''saw''|| '''yaz''' (''protrusion '') + '''yoz''' (''indentation'') + '''gobl-''' (''cut'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''yaozil'''||''wave''|| '''yaz''' (''swell'') + '''yoz''' (''trough'') + '''-il''' (''liquid'')
|-
|'''yuibteabar'''||''bifocals''|| '''yub''' (''near'') + '''yib''' (''far'') + '''teab''' (''eye'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''yuijar'''||'' valve, switch''|| '''yuj-''' (''close'') + '''yij-''' (''open'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''zaobelur'''||''ferry''|| '''za-''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''bel-''' (''carry'') + '''-ur''' (''vehicle'')
|-
|'''zaobyexar'''||''swatter, bat''|| '''za''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''byex-''' (''strike'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''zaodal'''||''dialog''|| '''za-''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''dal''' (''speech'')
|-
|'''zaogoblar'''||''saw''|| '''za''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''gobl''' (''cut'') + '''-ar''' (''instrument'')
|-
|'''zaokyax'''||''alternation''|| '''za''' (''forth'') + '''zo''' (''back'') + '''kyax''' (''change'')
|-
|'''zaopasen'''||''swinging''|| '''za-''' (''forth'') + '''zo-''' (''back'') + '''pasen''' (''moving'')
|-
|'''zaopsim'''||''swing or rocker''|| '''zap-''' (''go forth'') + '''zap''' (''go back'') + '''sim''' (''seat'')
|-
|'''zuibasen'''||''wiggling''|| '''zu-''' (''left'') + '''zi-''' (''right'') + '''bas-''' (''move bodily'') + '''-en''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''zuibayx'''||''wag''|| '''zu-''' (''left'') + '''zi-''' (''right'') + '''bayx-''' (''slight body move'')
|-
|'''zuibyoxea'''||''dangling''|| '''zu''' (''left'') + '''zi''' (''right'') + '''byox-''' (''hang down'') + '''-ea''' (''-ing'')
|-
|'''zuiyafa'''||''ambidextrous''|| '''zu-''' (''left'') + '''zi-''' (''right'') + '''yafa''' (''capable'')
|-
|'''zyaobas'''||''throb''|| '''zya-''' (''wide'') + '''zyo-''' (''narrow'') + '''bas''' (''bodily movement'')
|}


&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Chapter navigation with TOC|Acronyms and Abbreviations|Word Families}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>qarnikkf5jzppvo1nhwvju4ko3irdzq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Linux Kernel/PCI</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>420106</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641717</id>
      <parentid>4640235</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T14:13:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>LKMPG PCI link, moved from Historical, removed makelinux.net</comment>
      <origin>4641717</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6576" sha1="9ujjkxa8k0kmgwcnel3hu994hinr0dj" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:PCI bus support in Linux kernel}}

== ⚲ Most used API ==

🗝️ Acronyms:
* ACPI - Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
* ACS - Access Control Service
* AER - Advanced Error Reporting port service
* ASPM - Active State Power Management
* EDR - Error Disconnect Recover
* FLR - function level reset
* HT - Hypertransport
* BAR - Base Address Registers
* BW - Bandwidth
* DPC - Downstream Port Containment port service
* EP - Endpoint
* mmrbc - maximum memory read byte count
* mps - maximum payload size
* MWI - Memory-Write-Invalidate
* PM - Power Management
* PMC - ... ... Controller
* PME - ... ... Event, port service
* SR-IOV - Single-root input/output virtualization
* VF - virtual functions


⚲ User space API:

Querying information from a shell:
* {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|lspci}} -vv
* column -t /proc/bus/pci/devices

* {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pciconfig_read}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pciconfig_write}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|pciconfig_iobase}} - pci device information handling
* {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/pci.h}}
* {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/pci_regs.h}}


⚲ Kernel space API:

* {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pci.h}}
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_device_id}} - has vendor, device and class IDs. It is used for probing.
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_driver}} - the central struct
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|module_pci_driver}} - helper macro to register pci_driver. It uses {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_register_driver}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_unregister_driver}}.
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_dev}} - device descriptor
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_enable_device}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_disable_device}} - must be called in probe and remove callbacks of pci_driver.
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_set_drvdata}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_get_drvdata}}
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_name}}
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_set_master}}
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pcim_iomap_regions}} / {{The Linux Kernel/id|pcim_iounmap_regions}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_request_region}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_request_regions}}/ {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_release_regions}},
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_iomap}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_iounmap}}
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_alloc_irq_vectors}}/ {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_free_irq_vectors}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_request_irq}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_irq_vector}}
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|to_pci_dev}}
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_resource_flags}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_resource_start}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_resource_len}}
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_dev_put}}
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_read_config_dword}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_write_config_dword}}
* {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_set_power_state}}

👁 Examples:
* [https://github.com/makelinux/ldt/blob/master/pci-ldt.c PCI Linux Driver Template]
* {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/v4l/v4l2-pci-skeleton.c}}
* {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/device-drivers|pci}}

== ⚙️ Internals ==
{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pci_ids.h}}&lt;br&gt;
{{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/pci}}&lt;br&gt;
{{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_ops}}

==  📚 Mainline documents ==
&lt;!--
snippet for list generation:

wget -q -O- https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/driver-api/pci/pci.html | grep -o 'headerlink.*' | grep -o '#c\.*[^&quot;]\+' | sed 's=\(.*\)={{The Linux Kernel/doc|\1|driver-api/pci/pci.html\1}},=' | sed 's=|#c.=|='
--&gt;
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|PCI driver API|driver-api/pci/}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|PCI Support Library|driver-api/pci/pci.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|PCI Hotplug Support Library|driver-api/pci/pci.html#pci-hotplug-support-library}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|PCI Peer-to-Peer DMA Support|driver-api/pci/p2pdma.html}}

===  📚 PCI subsystem docs ===

'''{{The Linux Kernel/doc|PCI subsystem|PCI}}, newer on the top:'''


'''{{The Linux Kernel/doc|Boot Interrupts reroute|PCI/boot-interrupts.html}}'''

[https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/K/ident/CONFIG_X86_REROUTE_FOR_BROKEN_BOOT_IRQS X86_REROUTE_FOR_BROKEN_BOOT_IRQS]

{{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel parameters|admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html}}pci=ioapicreroute


'''{{The Linux Kernel/doc|EP - Endpoint Framework|PCI/endpoint/index.html}}'''

Querying information from shell:

 find /sys/kernel/config/pci_ep/


EPC - EP '''Controller''':

{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pci-epc.h}}
{{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_epc_create}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_pci_epc_create}}

EPF - EP '''Function''':

{{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pci-epf.h}}
{{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_epf_create}}

Internals: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/pci/endpoint/}}

Driver to test endpoint functionality: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/pci/endpoint/functions/pci-epf-test.c}}

'''{{The Linux Kernel/doc|PCIe virtualization, SR-IOV|PCI/pci-iov-howto.html}}, 2009'''

API: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_enable_sriov}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_disable_sriov}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|sriov_configure}}

'''{{The Linux Kernel/doc|MSI - Message Signaled Interrupts|PCI/msi-howto.html}}, 2008'''

MSI Example:

vectors = {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_alloc_irq_vectors}}(pci_dev, 1, 1, PCI_IRQ_MSI | PCI_IRQ_MSIX);&lt;br&gt;
irq = {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_irq_vector}}(pci_dev, 0);


'''{{The Linux Kernel/doc|AER - Advanced Error Reporting|PCI/pcieaer-howto.html}}, 2006'''

API: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/aer.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_enable_pcie_error_reporting}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_disable_pcie_error_reporting}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_aer_clear_nonfatal_status}}

'''{{The Linux Kernel/doc|ERS - Error Recovery System|PCI/pci-error-recovery.html}}:'''

API: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_error_handlers}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_ers_result}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_channel_state_t}}

'''{{The Linux Kernel/doc|PCIe - PCI Express Port Bus Driver|PCI/pciebus-howto.html}}, 2004'''

API: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pcie_port_service_driver}},{{The Linux Kernel/id|pcie_port_service_register}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pcie_port_service_unregister}}


'''{{The Linux Kernel/doc|Old manual PCI API|PCI/pci.html}}'''

{{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_get_device}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_get_class}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_get_subsys}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pci_dev_put}}


📚 Further reading
* [https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/#pci-drivers LKMPG: PCI Drivers]

''💾 Historical:''
* [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch12.pdf LDD3:PCI Drivers]
* http://www.tldp.org/LDP/tlk/dd/pci.html

📚 References
* {{w|PCI Express}}
* {{w|Category:Peripheral Component Interconnect}}
* https://wiki.osdev.org/PCI
* https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#PCI

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>9ujjkxa8k0kmgwcnel3hu994hinr0dj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Linux Kernel/Human interfaces</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>421455</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641708</id>
      <parentid>4641631</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T13:54:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>devm_register_framebuffer wrapper</comment>
      <origin>4641708</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32671" sha1="296o287e651c2nk19a06y862gfhegmn" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:Human interfaces}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
{| style=&quot;float:right; text-align: center; border-spacing: 0; margin: auto;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5pc&quot;
! bgcolor=&quot;#fcd&quot; |human interfaces
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#ecd&quot; |[[#Text interfaces|text interfaces]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#dcd&quot; |[[#Security|security]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#dcc&quot; |[[#Debugging|debugging]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#cbb&quot; |[[#Multimedia subsystems|multimedia subsystems]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#baa&quot; |[[#HID|human interface devices]], [[#Input_devices|input devices]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#aaa&quot; |[[#HI_device_drivers|HI drivers]]
|}
Welcome to the first article of this book.
The article is named after the {{W|USB human interface device class|USB class}} and the Linux facility for {{w|Human interface device|Human Interface Devices}} (HID).
The HID subsystem in Linux supports keyboards, mice, and other {{w|Input device|input devices}}.
In addition to input handling, this article also explores topics related to the console, multimedia (or simply media), sound (audio), video, and graphics—key areas of user interaction.
Security and debugging are also covered, as they are closely tied to human interaction and user-facing functionality.


== Text interfaces ==

In the world of Linux, text {{w|terminal emulator}}s and {{w|Linux console|console}}s are essential components of the operating system that allow users to interact with applications through the kernel.
A text terminal is a device that provides a text-based interface for communicating with the kernel, while the console is the physical device that houses the terminal and displays the output of the kernel.

The Linux kernel includes a built-in console driver that provides a basic interface for communicating with the console and controlling the terminal.
The console driver also supports various input and output devices, such as keyboards and displays, to enable users to interact with the system through a terminal.

The use of text {{w|Computer terminal|terminals}} and {{w|system console}}s in Linux can be traced back to the early days of computing, when {{w|Graphical terminal|graphical user interfaces}} were not yet widely available.
Despite the widespread adoption of graphical user interfaces, {{w|Text-based user interface|text-based interfaces}} and consoles remain popular among Linux users and developers for their simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility.
Overall, the text terminal and console play a crucial role in the Linux kernel, providing users with a powerful interface for managing and interacting with the operating system.


=== Char devices ===

{{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev}} &amp;ndash; &quot;character device&quot; is a type of device driver that provides an implementation for character {{w|device file}} in the /dev directory.
The word &quot;device&quot; here means abstract interface, {{w|Proxy pattern|proxy}} to a usually peripheral physical device.
A character device is a type of device that can be accessed as a stream of bytes, rather than as a block of data like a block device.
Cdev drivers are commonly used for devices that provide a {{w|sequential access|stream}} of data, such as keyboards, mice, terminals, serial ports, and printers.
They are also used for devices that provide access to memory-mapped I/O regions, such as frame buffers and network devices.
A cdev driver typically consists of a set of functions that implement the low-level I/O operations for the device, such as open, read and write.
These functions are called by the kernel when a user space program accesses the character device file.
To create a cdev driver, a kernel developer must first initialize a cdev structure using {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_init}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_alloc}}.
The cdev structure contains information about the device, such as its major and minor numbers and the set of I/O functions that the driver implements.
Once the cdev structure has been initialized, it can be registered with the kernel using the {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_add}} function.
This function creates the character device file in the /dev directory and associates it with the cdev driver.

You can find a list of registered char devices on the beginning the listing of &lt;big&gt;/proc/devices&lt;/big&gt;. [[#Input_devices|Input devices]] keyboard and mouse are examples of char devices.

&lt;small&gt;''Tip: Browse the cross-referencing site to explore nearby API and use cases''&lt;/small&gt;


💾 ''Historical: It is one of the most simple, fundamental and oldest concepts derived from UNIX. ''


⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cdev.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_t}} - device id consists of {{The Linux Kernel/id|MAJOR}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|MINOR}} numbers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev}} - core char device struct 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_init}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_alloc}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_device_add}} - helper function, uses
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_add}} - common key function to add a char device to the system. 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_chrdev}} - ''obviously registers char device'' by '''major''' number, '''name''' and file operations
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unregister_chrdev}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_chrdev_region}} / {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_chrdev_region}},
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unregister_chrdev_region}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/major.h}} - static definitions of many major numbers, including obsolete.


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/char_dev.c}} &amp;ndash; character device registration
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|chrdevs}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Char devices|core-api/kernel-api.html#char-devices}}
: [https://linux-kernel-labs.github.io/refs/heads/master/labs/device_drivers.html Character device drivers, linux-kernel-labs]
: [https://www.opensourceforu.com/2011/04/character-device-files-creation-operations/ Character device files, on opensourceforu]


💾 ''Historical''
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch03.pdf LDD3:Char Drivers]
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch06.pdf LDD3:Advanced Char Driver Operations]
: [http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch03.html LDD1:#3]
: [http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch05.html LDD1:#5]

=== Text terminals and console ===

🗝️ Acronyms
: {{w|Tty (unix)|tty}} - 💾 ''historically TeleTYpewriter'', means just terminal
: {{w|Pseudoterminal|pty}} - pseudoterminal
: pts - pseudoterminal slave
: ptmx - pseudoterminal master


⚲ API 
: To find out current terminal:
:: readlink /proc/self/fd/0
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|tty}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|who}} -m
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/tty.h}}
:{{The Linux Kernel/id|register_console}} obviously registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|console}}
:: 👁 example {{The Linux Kernel/id|virtio_console}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/console.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ioctl_console}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/tty}} &amp;ndash; TTY layer
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/devpts}} &amp;ndash; devpts pseudo-filesystem for PTY slaves
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/proc/proc_tty.c}} &amp;ndash; /proc/tty information
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/tty/vt/vt.c}} &amp;ndash; virtual terminal console


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|4|tty}} &amp;ndash; controlling terminal
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|4|ptmx}} and pts &amp;ndash; pseudoterminal master and slave 
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|pty}} &amp;ndash; pseudoterminal interfaces
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|console|driver-api/console.html}}


💾 ''Historical''
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch18.pdf LDD3:TTY Drivers]

==Security==

The goal of security is to restrict access through interfaces.
From access control and authentication mechanisms to secure boot and memory protection,
the Linux kernel employs a variety of techniques to safeguard the system and its users. 
Basic Linux security is quite simple.
It consists of three ownership classes and three access modes.
One of the most frequently executed functions is {{The Linux Kernel/id|may_open}}.
It rejects access of unauthorized users to open a file.


See article [[../Security/]] for new features.


=== Authorization ===

{{w|Authorization}} is the function of specifying {{w|Computer access control|access}} rights/{{w|Privilege_(computing)|privilege}}s to system resources.
The main goal of authorization is prevention of {{w|privilege escalation}} under any circumstances. 

🔧 TODO.
Keywords: permission, capabilities, ownership, {{w|mitigation}}.


⚲ API

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/stat.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/stat.h}}


Basic classic UNIX authorization is based on ownership and tree access modes: reading, writing and execution.

Ownership is encoded by owning user id {{The Linux Kernel/id|uid_t}} and owning group id {{The Linux Kernel/id|gid_t}}.

{{The Linux Kernel/id|umode_t}} - just typedef used for encoding access mode. {{The Linux Kernel/id|S_IRUSR}} - minimal &quot;read only by user/owner&quot; access mode.
{{The Linux Kernel/id|S_IALLUGO}} - full access mode.
Please read the source for details for other modes.


Binary {{w|Access Control Matrix}} of access modes:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!modes
!bits
!Read
!Write
!Execute
|-
|bit offset
|
|2
|1
|0
|-
|'''Others'''
|0-2
|or
|ow
|ox
|-
|'''Group'''
|3-5
|gr
|gw
|gx
|-
|'''User'''
|6-8
|ur
|uw
|ux
|}


: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|chown}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_fchownat}} changes ownership for file or directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|chmod}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_fchmodat}} changes access mode for file or directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|access}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|faccessat}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_faccessat}} checks access rights


Common authorization errors
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|EPERM}} &amp;ndash; &quot;Operation not permitted&quot;
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|EACCES}} &amp;ndash; &quot;Permission denied&quot;


🚀 Advanced features
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|acl}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|posix_acl}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|setpriv}} &amp;ndash; run a program with different privilege settings

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|may_open}} rejects unauthorized file opening
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|inode_permission}} checks for access rights to a given inode

📖 References
: {{w|File-system permissions}}

==== Capabilities ====

{{w|POSIX capabilities}} split the traditional root privilege into distinct units, so a process can hold only the capabilities it needs.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|capabilities}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/capability.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|capset}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|capget}} &amp;ndash; set/get capabilities of thread(s)
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|libcap}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/capability.c}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#cap stress-ng --cap]

===Credentials===

🔧 TODO.
Keywords: {{w|authentication}}, user IDs, group IDs, Process group ID, session ID.


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/asm-generic/stat.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/stat.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 stat structure definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cred.h}}
:: struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|cred}} - the security context of a task

: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|id}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|test}} - shell utilities
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getuid}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|current_uid}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getgid}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|geteuid}} is used by utility {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|whoami}}
: Real, effective, and saved user/group IDs:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getresuid}}, getresgid
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setreuid}}, setregid
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setfsuid}} - set user identity used for filesystem checks
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|umask}} - sets file mode creation mask
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|stat}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|stat}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_fstat}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_fstatat}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|statx}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_statx}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cred.c}} &amp;ndash; credentials management and transitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kstat}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|make_kuid}} etc
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|from_kuid_munged}} etc


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Credentials in Linux|security/credentials.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|credentials}}
: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/real-effective-and-saved-userid-in-linux/

=== Cryptography ===
🔧 TODO


🗝️ Acronyms
: AES - {{w|Advanced Encryption Standard}}


⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|AF_ALG}} - {{The Linux Kernel/doc|User Space Interface|crypto/userspace-if.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/crypto.h}} - Scatterlist Cryptographic API.
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getrandom}} &amp;ndash; obtain random bytes
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/random.h}} &amp;ndash; kernel random number generation
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|crypto}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|crypto}} &amp;ndash; cryptographic API core
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/crypto}} &amp;ndash; hardware crypto accelerator drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/crypto}} &amp;ndash; crypto library helpers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/crypto}} &amp;ndash; x86 optimized crypto implementations
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/crypto}} - per-file encryption
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/ecryptfs}} eCrypt FS - Encrypted filesystem that operates on the VFS layer.
: {{w|dm-crypt}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/md/dm-crypt.c}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux Kernel Crypto API|crypto}}
: {{w|Crypto API (Linux)}}
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/crypto/ devicetree/bindings/crypto]
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|crypto}}


=== Audit ===

The Linux [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Audit_framework audit framework] records security-relevant events such as system calls, file access, and authentication attempts.
The audit daemon (auditd) collects records from the kernel via a netlink socket.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|auditctl}} &amp;ndash; configure audit rules
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|auditd}} &amp;ndash; audit daemon
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|audit.rules}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/audit.h}}

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/audit.h}} &amp;ndash; audit internal definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/audit.c}} &amp;ndash; audit gateway between kernel and user-space daemon
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/auditsc.c}} &amp;ndash; system-call auditing
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/audit_tree.c}} &amp;ndash; audit directory tree watches
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/audit_watch.c}} &amp;ndash; audit filesystem path watches
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/audit_fsnotify.c}} &amp;ndash; audit fsnotify integration
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/auditfilter.c}} &amp;ndash; audit rule filtering


📖 References
: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Audit_framework


See also [[The_Linux_Kernel/Debugging#eBPF|eBPF and BPF]]

=== Security subsystems ===

==== Seccomp ====

{{w|Seccomp}} (Secure Computing) restricts which system calls a process can make.
Seccomp-BPF attaches a {{w|Berkeley Packet Filter|BPF}} program that inspects each syscall number and arguments, returning allow, kill, trap, or errno.
Used by [https://github.com/opencontainers/runc runc] ({{w|Open Container Initiative|OCI}} container runtime), browsers (Chrome, Firefox), and systemd to reduce the kernel attack surface of sandboxed processes.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|seccomp}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_seccomp}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|prctl}} with {{The Linux Kernel/id|PR_SET_SECCOMP}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/seccomp.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/seccomp.h}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/id|SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|SECCOMP_RET_KILL}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/seccomp.c}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|seccomp_filter}} &amp;ndash; container for seccomp BPF programs

📖 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Seccomp BPF|userspace-api/seccomp_filter.html}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Secure stress-ng --seccomp]

==== File sealing ====

File sealing restricts operations on anonymous files created with {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|memfd_create}}.
Once sealed, a file cannot be modified in ways forbidden by its seals, providing integrity guarantees for shared memory.
Used by Wayland for safe buffer handoff, systemd for sealed service binaries, and kdbus for immutable message payloads.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|memfd_create}} &amp;ndash; create anonymous sealable file
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} with {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_ADD_SEALS}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_GET_SEALS}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_SEAL_SEAL}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_SEAL_SHRINK}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_SEAL_GROW}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_SEAL_WRITE}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/memfd.c}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}}({{The Linux Kernel/id|F_ADD_SEALS}}) ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_fcntl}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|memfd_fcntl}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#seal stress-ng --seal]

==== Keyrings ====

The kernel keyring service manages cryptographic keys, authentication tokens, and other security data.
Keyrings are hierarchical and per-process, used by filesystems (fscrypt), networking (Kerberos, TLS), and module signature verification.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|add_key}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|keyctl}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_keyctl}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|request_key}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|keys}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/keys}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/keys/keyctl.c}}

📖 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Keys|security/keys}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#key stress-ng --key]

==== LSM ====

{{w|Linux Security Modules}} (LSM) is a framework providing hooks for access control implementations.
SELinux, AppArmor, Landlock, Yama, and Lockdown are LSM modules.
Keyrings (security/keys) and IMA/EVM (security/integrity) are separate subsystems that share the security/ tree but are not LSMs.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/security.h}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/security.c}} &amp;ndash; LSM framework core, hook dispatch
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/selinux}} &amp;ndash; {{w|SELinux}}, https://selinuxproject.github.io/
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/apparmor}} &amp;ndash; {{w|AppArmor}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/landlock}} &amp;ndash; Landlock unprivileged sandboxing (since 5.13)
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/integrity}} &amp;ndash; IMA integrity measurement and EVM extended verification
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/lockdown}} &amp;ndash; kernel lockdown, restricts access to kernel features
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/yama}} &amp;ndash; Yama, ptrace scope restrictions
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/verification.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|certs}} &amp;ndash; module signing certificates

📖 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Security|security}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|LSM - Linux Security Modules|security/lsm.html}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#AppArmor stress-ng --apparmor]

===  ... ===

Appendix for Security:


🔧 TODO
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_fcntl}}
: {{w|chroot}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|chroot}}
: {{w|Address_space_layout_randomization#Linux|Address space layout randomization}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|setarch}} / {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|personality}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Security-related interfaces|userspace-api/index.html#security-related-interfaces}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|No New Privileges Flag|userspace-api/no_new_privs.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Landlock: unprivileged access control|userspace-api/landlock.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux Security Modules|userspace-api/lsm.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Introduction of non-executable mfd|userspace-api/mfd_noexec.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Speculation Control|userspace-api/spec_ctrl.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) Userspace API|userspace-api/tee.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Executability check|userspace-api/check_exec.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Hardware vulnerabilities|admin-guide/hw-vuln}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|security}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp||cve}}
: http://kernsec.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

== Debugging ==

See [[The_Linux_Kernel/Debugging|Debugging the Linux kernel]]

==Multimedia subsystems==

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/media}} &amp;ndash; media subsystem (V4L2, DVB, etc.)

=== Graphics ===

Old graphics (not to be confused with v4l):

⚲ API
:  {{The Linux Kernel/include|video}}
&lt;!-- : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/video}} old stuff --&gt;
⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/video}} &amp;ndash; framebuffer and video drivers

==== {{w|Direct Rendering Manager}} (DRM) ====

DRM is responsible for interfacing with GPUs of modern video cards.
DRM exposes an API that user-space programs can use to send commands and data to the GPU and perform operations such as configuring the mode setting of the display.
User-space programs can use the DRM API to command the GPU to do hardware-accelerated 3D rendering and video decoding, as well as {{w|General-purpose computing on graphics processing units|GPGPU}} computing.


⚲ API
: /sys/class/drm/
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/drm}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/drm/drm.h}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DRM_IOCTL_BASE}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|drm_version}}

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/gpu/drm}} &amp;ndash; DRM core and drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|drm}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|drm_gem.h}} &amp;ndash; Graphics Execution Manager Driver Interfaces
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|drm_dev_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|drm_device}}

=== {{w|Advanced Linux Sound Architecture}} (ALSA) ===

ALSA is a software framework and part of the Linux kernel that provides an API for sound card device drivers.
Some of the goals of the ALSA project at its inception were automatic configuration of sound-card hardware and graceful handling of multiple sound devices in a system. 

The sound servers PulseAudio, JACK (low-latency professional-grade audio editing and mixing) and PipeWire, the higher-level abstraction APIs OpenAL, SDL audio, etc. work on top of ALSA and implemented sound card device drivers.
On Linux systems, ALSA succeeded the older {{w|Open Sound System}} (OSS).


⚲ API
: /proc/asound/cards, /sys/class/sound/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_card}} - central struct
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_card_new}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_card_register}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_device_ops}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_device_new}} creates an ALSA device component
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/sound/asound.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/core.h}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound}} &amp;ndash; ALSA sound subsystem
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound/core/device.c}} &amp;ndash; ALSA device management
: See [[#Sound SoC - ASoC|ASoC]]


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ALSA (sound)|sound}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Writing an ALSA Driver|sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|sound}}

=== {{w|Video4Linux}}  (V4L2) ===

V4L is a collection of device drivers and an API for supporting realtime video capture on Linux systems.
It supports many USB webcams, TV tuners, and related devices, standardizing their output, so programmers can easily add video support to their applications.
MythTV, tvtime and Tvheadend are typical applications that use the V4L framework.


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|v4l2_device_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|v4l2_device}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|video_register_device}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|video_device}}
: 👁 examples {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/media/test-drivers}}


📖 References
: {{w|Video4Linux}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|media|driver-api/media}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|V4L|userspace-api/media/drivers/}}
: [https://linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-dvb-apis-new/driver-api/index.html Media subsystem kernel internal API]


==HID==
Generic human interface devices.
Don't confuse with [[../System#hiddev|hiddev]].

=== Input devices ===

Input device files are kind of [[#char devices|char devices]] with id {{The Linux Kernel/id|INPUT_MAJOR}}.
Classic input devices are keyboard and mouse. 


⚲ API
: In shell: cat /proc/bus/input/devices
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/input.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_input_allocate_device}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_register_device}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_register_handler}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_dev}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_report_key}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_sync}}


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/input/mousedev.c}} &amp;ndash; mouse device emulation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/input/keyboard/atkbd.c}} &amp;ndash; AT/PS2 keyboard driver


&lt;big&gt;⌨️&lt;/big&gt; Hands on

sudo hexdump /dev/input/mice # dump your mouse movements events from your kernel


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/input/input.c}} &amp;ndash; input core
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_event}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Input|input}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|input}}

=== HID devices ===

🔧 TODO


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_device}} - device report descriptor. Operations: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_allocate_device}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_add_device}} . 👁 Example {{The Linux Kernel/id|usbhid_probe}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/hid.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hid.h}}


=== Camera ===
🔧 TODO


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/uvcvideo.h}}
📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|UVC|userspace-api/media/drivers/uvcvideo.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/media/usb/uvc}} &amp;ndash; USB Video Class driver

==HI device drivers==
This section is about low level drivers to human interface peripheral devices.


⚲ '''HID''' API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hidraw.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|module_hid_driver}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_driver}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_hw_start}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_bus_type}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hid}} &amp;ndash; HID transport drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hid/hid-core.c}} &amp;ndash; HID core parsing and event handling
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/accessibility}} &amp;ndash; accessibility drivers (speakup)
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/leds}} &amp;ndash; LED class drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/uhid/uhid-example.c}} - 👁 example of user mode HID driver
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/input}} : keyboard &amp; mouse, misc, serio, tablet, touchscreen, gameport, joystick
:: &lt;big&gt;⌨️&lt;/big&gt; Hands on
:: echo &quot;module atkbd +pfl&quot; | sudo tee /sys/kernel/debug/dynamic_debug/control


'''USB HID'''

⚲ '''HID''' API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|USB_INTERFACE_CLASS_HID}} == {{The Linux Kernel/id|USB_CLASS_HID}} 


⚙️ Internals 
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hid/usbhid}} &amp;ndash; USB HID transport
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hid/usbhid/usbkbd.c}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|usb_kbd_driver}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hid/usbhid/usbmouse.c}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|usb_mouse_driver}}


📖 References
: &lt;!--
find include/ -type f -name '*hid*' | sed 's-include/\(.*\)-* {{The Linux Kernel/include|\1}}-' 
--&gt;{{The Linux Kernel/doc|USB HID class|hid}}

=== Display drivers ===
🔧 TODO


🗝️ Acronyms
: FB - {{w|Linux framebuffer|Framebuffer}}
: GPU - {{w|Graphics processing unit}}
: TFT (LCD) - {{w|Thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display}} used for 🤖 embedded devices
: MIPI - 📱 {{w|Mobile Industry Processor Interface}}
:: DBI - Display Bus Interface
:: DSI - {{w|Display Serial Interface}}
:: DCS - The Display Command Set


⚲ API
: cat /proc/fb
: ls -l /sys/class/graphics
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|video/mipi_display.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/fb.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_register_framebuffer}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_framebuffer}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|FBTFT_REGISTER_DRIVER}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|fbtft_display}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/video}} &amp;ndash; framebuffer and video drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/gpu}} &amp;ndash; GPU and DRM drivers

👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vivid_fb_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|fbtft_register_framebuffer}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|GPU Driver Developer’s Guide|gpu}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The Frame Buffer Device|fb}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Frame Buffer Library|driver-api/frame-buffer.html}}
: [https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Device_drivers-Graphics LWN: Graphics]

=== Sound SoC - ASoC ===

ALSA System on Chip (ASoC) layer for 🤖 embedded systems.
ASoC is designed to handle complex audio processing and routing on low-power and resource-constrained systems, making it an ideal solution for embedded devices such as smartphones, tablets, and other IoT devices.

ASoC provides a comprehensive framework for audio drivers, enabling the creation of modular audio drivers that can be easily integrated with the rest of the kernel.
It also supports a wide range of audio interfaces, including I2S, PCM, AC97, and SPDIF, making it highly versatile and capable of handling a variety of audio formats.

One of the key features of ASoC is its ability to handle audio routing and processing using Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques.

This enables ASoC to support advanced audio features such as noise reduction, echo cancellation, and dynamic range compression, among others.

Overall, ASoC is a powerful and flexible subsystem that enables Linux to support a wide range of audio hardware in embedded devices.
It has become an essential component of many embedded Linux distributions and is widely used in the development of modern audio-enabled devices.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/soc.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_card}}
::: is registered by {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_snd_soc_register_card}} ⇾ {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_register_card}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/soc-component.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_component}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_component_driver}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_card}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_card}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_register_component}}  {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_component_get_drvdata}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_component_read}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_component_update_bits}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_component_write}} 

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/soc-dai.h}} - {{The Linux Kernel/doc|DAI - Digital Audio Interface|sound/soc/dai.html}}: {{w|AC97}}, {{w|I2S}}, {{w|PCM}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dai}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dai_driver}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dai_get_drvdata}}  

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/soc-dpcm.h}} - {{The Linux Kernel/doc|DPCM - Dynamic PCM|sound/soc/dpcm.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/soc-dapm.h}} - {{The Linux Kernel/doc|DAPM - Dynamic Audio Power Management|sound/soc/dapm.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dapm_route}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dapm_to_component}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dapm_widget}}  


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound/soc/generic/simple-card.c}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound/soc/generic/audio-graph-card.c}} uses {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/graph_card.h}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound/soc}} &amp;ndash; ASoC framework
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_card}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dai_link}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ASoC - ALSA SoC Layer|sound/soc}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ASoC Core API|sound/kernel-api/alsa-driver-api.html?#asoc}}
: https://www.alsa-project.org/wiki/ASoC
:: https://www.alsa-project.org/wiki/DAPM
🗝️ Acronyms SAI could be
: STM ''Serial'' Audio Interface: {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound/soc/stm/stm32_sai.h}}
: Freescale (FSL) ''Synchronous'' Audio Interface:  {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound/soc/fsl/fsl_sai.h}}


{{BookCat}}
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{| style=&quot;float:right; text-align: center; border-spacing: 0; margin: auto;&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5pc&quot;
! bgcolor=&quot;#fcd&quot; |human interfaces
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#ecd&quot; |[[#Text interfaces|text interfaces]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#dcd&quot; |[[#Security|security]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#dcc&quot; |[[#Debugging|debugging]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#cbb&quot; |[[#Multimedia subsystems|multimedia subsystems]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#baa&quot; |[[#HID|human interface devices]], [[#Input_devices|input devices]]
|- style=&quot;&quot;
| bgcolor=&quot;#aaa&quot; |[[#HI_device_drivers|HI drivers]]
|}
Welcome to the first article of this book.
The article is named after the {{W|USB human interface device class|USB class}} and the Linux facility for {{w|Human interface device|Human Interface Devices}} (HID).
The HID subsystem in Linux supports keyboards, mice, and other {{w|Input device|input devices}}.
In addition to input handling, this article also explores topics related to the console, multimedia (or simply media), sound (audio), video, and graphics—key areas of user interaction.
Security and debugging are also covered, as they are closely tied to human interaction and user-facing functionality.


== Text interfaces ==

In the world of Linux, text {{w|terminal emulator}}s and {{w|Linux console|console}}s are essential components of the operating system that allow users to interact with applications through the kernel.
A text terminal is a device that provides a text-based interface for communicating with the kernel, while the console is the physical device that houses the terminal and displays the output of the kernel.

The Linux kernel includes a built-in console driver that provides a basic interface for communicating with the console and controlling the terminal.
The console driver also supports various input and output devices, such as keyboards and displays, to enable users to interact with the system through a terminal.

The use of text {{w|Computer terminal|terminals}} and {{w|system console}}s in Linux can be traced back to the early days of computing, when {{w|Graphical terminal|graphical user interfaces}} were not yet widely available.
Despite the widespread adoption of graphical user interfaces, {{w|Text-based user interface|text-based interfaces}} and consoles remain popular among Linux users and developers for their simplicity, efficiency, and flexibility.
Overall, the text terminal and console play a crucial role in the Linux kernel, providing users with a powerful interface for managing and interacting with the operating system.


=== Char devices ===

{{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev}} &amp;ndash; &quot;character device&quot; is a type of device driver that provides an implementation for character {{w|device file}} in the /dev directory.
The word &quot;device&quot; here means abstract interface, {{w|Proxy pattern|proxy}} to a usually peripheral physical device.
A character device is a type of device that can be accessed as a stream of bytes, rather than as a block of data like a block device.
Cdev drivers are commonly used for devices that provide a {{w|sequential access|stream}} of data, such as keyboards, mice, terminals, serial ports, and printers.
They are also used for devices that provide access to memory-mapped I/O regions, such as frame buffers and network devices.
A cdev driver typically consists of a set of functions that implement the low-level I/O operations for the device, such as open, read and write.
These functions are called by the kernel when a user space program accesses the character device file.
To create a cdev driver, a kernel developer must first initialize a cdev structure using {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_init}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_alloc}}.
The cdev structure contains information about the device, such as its major and minor numbers and the set of I/O functions that the driver implements.
Once the cdev structure has been initialized, it can be registered with the kernel using the {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_add}} function.
This function creates the character device file in the /dev directory and associates it with the cdev driver.

You can find a list of registered char devices on the beginning the listing of &lt;big&gt;/proc/devices&lt;/big&gt;. [[#Input_devices|Input devices]] keyboard and mouse are examples of char devices.

&lt;small&gt;''Tip: Browse the cross-referencing site to explore nearby API and use cases''&lt;/small&gt;


💾 ''Historical: It is one of the most simple, fundamental and oldest concepts derived from UNIX. ''


⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cdev.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_t}} - device id consists of {{The Linux Kernel/id|MAJOR}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|MINOR}} numbers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev}} - core char device struct 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_init}} or {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_alloc}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_device_add}} - helper function, uses
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cdev_add}} - common key function to add a char device to the system. 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_chrdev}} - ''obviously registers char device'' by '''major''' number, '''name''' and file operations
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unregister_chrdev}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_chrdev_region}} / {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_chrdev_region}},
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unregister_chrdev_region}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/major.h}} - static definitions of many major numbers, including obsolete.


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/char_dev.c}} &amp;ndash; character device registration
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|chrdevs}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Char devices|core-api/kernel-api.html#char-devices}}
: [https://linux-kernel-labs.github.io/refs/heads/master/labs/device_drivers.html Character device drivers, linux-kernel-labs]
: [https://www.opensourceforu.com/2011/04/character-device-files-creation-operations/ Character device files, on opensourceforu]


📚 Further reading
: [https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/#character-device-drivers LKMPG: Character Device drivers]

💾 ''Historical''
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch03.pdf LDD3:Char Drivers]
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch06.pdf LDD3:Advanced Char Driver Operations]
: [http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch03.html LDD1:#3]
: [http://www.xml.com/ldd/chapter/book/ch05.html LDD1:#5]

=== Text terminals and console ===

🗝️ Acronyms
: {{w|Tty (unix)|tty}} - 💾 ''historically TeleTYpewriter'', means just terminal
: {{w|Pseudoterminal|pty}} - pseudoterminal
: pts - pseudoterminal slave
: ptmx - pseudoterminal master


⚲ API 
: To find out current terminal:
:: readlink /proc/self/fd/0
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|tty}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|who}} -m
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/tty.h}}
:{{The Linux Kernel/id|register_console}} obviously registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|console}}
:: 👁 example {{The Linux Kernel/id|virtio_console}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/console.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ioctl_console}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/tty}} &amp;ndash; TTY layer
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/devpts}} &amp;ndash; devpts pseudo-filesystem for PTY slaves
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/proc/proc_tty.c}} &amp;ndash; /proc/tty information
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/tty/vt/vt.c}} &amp;ndash; virtual terminal console


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|4|tty}} &amp;ndash; controlling terminal
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|4|ptmx}} and pts &amp;ndash; pseudoterminal master and slave 
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|pty}} &amp;ndash; pseudoterminal interfaces
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|console|driver-api/console.html}}


💾 ''Historical''
: [http://lwn.net/images/pdf/LDD3/ch18.pdf LDD3:TTY Drivers]

==Security==

The goal of security is to restrict access through interfaces.
From access control and authentication mechanisms to secure boot and memory protection,
the Linux kernel employs a variety of techniques to safeguard the system and its users. 
Basic Linux security is quite simple.
It consists of three ownership classes and three access modes.
One of the most frequently executed functions is {{The Linux Kernel/id|may_open}}.
It rejects access of unauthorized users to open a file.


See article [[../Security/]] for new features.


=== Authorization ===

{{w|Authorization}} is the function of specifying {{w|Computer access control|access}} rights/{{w|Privilege_(computing)|privilege}}s to system resources.
The main goal of authorization is prevention of {{w|privilege escalation}} under any circumstances. 

🔧 TODO.
Keywords: permission, capabilities, ownership, {{w|mitigation}}.


⚲ API

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/stat.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/stat.h}}


Basic classic UNIX authorization is based on ownership and tree access modes: reading, writing and execution.

Ownership is encoded by owning user id {{The Linux Kernel/id|uid_t}} and owning group id {{The Linux Kernel/id|gid_t}}.

{{The Linux Kernel/id|umode_t}} - just typedef used for encoding access mode. {{The Linux Kernel/id|S_IRUSR}} - minimal &quot;read only by user/owner&quot; access mode.
{{The Linux Kernel/id|S_IALLUGO}} - full access mode.
Please read the source for details for other modes.


Binary {{w|Access Control Matrix}} of access modes:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+
!modes
!bits
!Read
!Write
!Execute
|-
|bit offset
|
|2
|1
|0
|-
|'''Others'''
|0-2
|or
|ow
|ox
|-
|'''Group'''
|3-5
|gr
|gw
|gx
|-
|'''User'''
|6-8
|ur
|uw
|ux
|}


: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|chown}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_fchownat}} changes ownership for file or directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|chmod}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_fchmodat}} changes access mode for file or directory
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|access}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|faccessat}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_faccessat}} checks access rights


Common authorization errors
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|EPERM}} &amp;ndash; &quot;Operation not permitted&quot;
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|EACCES}} &amp;ndash; &quot;Permission denied&quot;


🚀 Advanced features
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|acl}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|posix_acl}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|setpriv}} &amp;ndash; run a program with different privilege settings

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|may_open}} rejects unauthorized file opening
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|inode_permission}} checks for access rights to a given inode

📖 References
: {{w|File-system permissions}}

==== Capabilities ====

{{w|POSIX capabilities}} split the traditional root privilege into distinct units, so a process can hold only the capabilities it needs.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|capabilities}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/capability.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|capset}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|capget}} &amp;ndash; set/get capabilities of thread(s)
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|libcap}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/capability.c}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#cap stress-ng --cap]

===Credentials===

🔧 TODO.
Keywords: {{w|authentication}}, user IDs, group IDs, Process group ID, session ID.


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/asm-generic/stat.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/uapi/asm/stat.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 stat structure definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cred.h}}
:: struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|cred}} - the security context of a task

: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|id}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|test}} - shell utilities
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getuid}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|current_uid}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getgid}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|geteuid}} is used by utility {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|whoami}}
: Real, effective, and saved user/group IDs:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getresuid}}, getresgid
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setreuid}}, setregid
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|setfsuid}} - set user identity used for filesystem checks
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|umask}} - sets file mode creation mask
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|stat}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|stat}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_fstat}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|vfs_fstatat}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|statx}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_statx}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cred.c}} &amp;ndash; credentials management and transitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kstat}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|make_kuid}} etc
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|from_kuid_munged}} etc


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Credentials in Linux|security/credentials.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|credentials}}
: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/real-effective-and-saved-userid-in-linux/

=== Cryptography ===
🔧 TODO


🗝️ Acronyms
: AES - {{w|Advanced Encryption Standard}}


⚲ API 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|AF_ALG}} - {{The Linux Kernel/doc|User Space Interface|crypto/userspace-if.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/crypto.h}} - Scatterlist Cryptographic API.
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getrandom}} &amp;ndash; obtain random bytes
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/random.h}} &amp;ndash; kernel random number generation
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|crypto}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|crypto}} &amp;ndash; cryptographic API core
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/crypto}} &amp;ndash; hardware crypto accelerator drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/crypto}} &amp;ndash; crypto library helpers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/crypto}} &amp;ndash; x86 optimized crypto implementations
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/crypto}} - per-file encryption
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/ecryptfs}} eCrypt FS - Encrypted filesystem that operates on the VFS layer.
: {{w|dm-crypt}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/md/dm-crypt.c}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux Kernel Crypto API|crypto}}
: {{w|Crypto API (Linux)}}
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/devicetree/bindings/crypto/ devicetree/bindings/crypto]
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|crypto}}


=== Audit ===

The Linux [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Audit_framework audit framework] records security-relevant events such as system calls, file access, and authentication attempts.
The audit daemon (auditd) collects records from the kernel via a netlink socket.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|auditctl}} &amp;ndash; configure audit rules
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|auditd}} &amp;ndash; audit daemon
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|audit.rules}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/audit.h}}

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/audit.h}} &amp;ndash; audit internal definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/audit.c}} &amp;ndash; audit gateway between kernel and user-space daemon
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/auditsc.c}} &amp;ndash; system-call auditing
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/audit_tree.c}} &amp;ndash; audit directory tree watches
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/audit_watch.c}} &amp;ndash; audit filesystem path watches
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/audit_fsnotify.c}} &amp;ndash; audit fsnotify integration
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/auditfilter.c}} &amp;ndash; audit rule filtering


📖 References
: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Audit_framework


See also [[The_Linux_Kernel/Debugging#eBPF|eBPF and BPF]]

=== Security subsystems ===

==== Seccomp ====

{{w|Seccomp}} (Secure Computing) restricts which system calls a process can make.
Seccomp-BPF attaches a {{w|Berkeley Packet Filter|BPF}} program that inspects each syscall number and arguments, returning allow, kill, trap, or errno.
Used by [https://github.com/opencontainers/runc runc] ({{w|Open Container Initiative|OCI}} container runtime), browsers (Chrome, Firefox), and systemd to reduce the kernel attack surface of sandboxed processes.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|seccomp}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_seccomp}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|prctl}} with {{The Linux Kernel/id|PR_SET_SECCOMP}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/seccomp.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/seccomp.h}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/id|SECCOMP_MODE_FILTER}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|SECCOMP_RET_ALLOW}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|SECCOMP_RET_KILL}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/seccomp.c}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|seccomp_filter}} &amp;ndash; container for seccomp BPF programs

📖 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Seccomp BPF|userspace-api/seccomp_filter.html}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#Secure stress-ng --seccomp]

==== File sealing ====

File sealing restricts operations on anonymous files created with {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|memfd_create}}.
Once sealed, a file cannot be modified in ways forbidden by its seals, providing integrity guarantees for shared memory.
Used by Wayland for safe buffer handoff, systemd for sealed service binaries, and kdbus for immutable message payloads.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|memfd_create}} &amp;ndash; create anonymous sealable file
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} with {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_ADD_SEALS}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_GET_SEALS}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_SEAL_SEAL}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_SEAL_SHRINK}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_SEAL_GROW}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|F_SEAL_WRITE}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/memfd.c}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}}({{The Linux Kernel/id|F_ADD_SEALS}}) ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_fcntl}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|memfd_fcntl}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#seal stress-ng --seal]

==== Keyrings ====

The kernel keyring service manages cryptographic keys, authentication tokens, and other security data.
Keyrings are hierarchical and per-process, used by filesystems (fscrypt), networking (Kerberos, TLS), and module signature verification.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|add_key}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|keyctl}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sys_keyctl}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|request_key}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|keys}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/keys}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/keys/keyctl.c}}

📖 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Keys|security/keys}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#key stress-ng --key]

==== LSM ====

{{w|Linux Security Modules}} (LSM) is a framework providing hooks for access control implementations.
SELinux, AppArmor, Landlock, Yama, and Lockdown are LSM modules.
Keyrings (security/keys) and IMA/EVM (security/integrity) are separate subsystems that share the security/ tree but are not LSMs.

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/security.h}}

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/security.c}} &amp;ndash; LSM framework core, hook dispatch
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/selinux}} &amp;ndash; {{w|SELinux}}, https://selinuxproject.github.io/
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/apparmor}} &amp;ndash; {{w|AppArmor}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/landlock}} &amp;ndash; Landlock unprivileged sandboxing (since 5.13)
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/integrity}} &amp;ndash; IMA integrity measurement and EVM extended verification
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/lockdown}} &amp;ndash; kernel lockdown, restricts access to kernel features
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|security/yama}} &amp;ndash; Yama, ptrace scope restrictions
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/verification.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|certs}} &amp;ndash; module signing certificates

📖 References:
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Security|security}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|LSM - Linux Security Modules|security/lsm.html}}

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#AppArmor stress-ng --apparmor]

===  ... ===

Appendix for Security:


🔧 TODO
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|fcntl}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_fcntl}}
: {{w|chroot}}, {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|chroot}}
: {{w|Address_space_layout_randomization#Linux|Address space layout randomization}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|setarch}} / {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|personality}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Security-related interfaces|userspace-api/index.html#security-related-interfaces}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|No New Privileges Flag|userspace-api/no_new_privs.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Landlock: unprivileged access control|userspace-api/landlock.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux Security Modules|userspace-api/lsm.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Introduction of non-executable mfd|userspace-api/mfd_noexec.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Speculation Control|userspace-api/spec_ctrl.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) Userspace API|userspace-api/tee.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Executability check|userspace-api/check_exec.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Hardware vulnerabilities|admin-guide/hw-vuln}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|security}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp||cve}}
: http://kernsec.org/wiki/index.php/Main_Page

== Debugging ==

See [[The_Linux_Kernel/Debugging|Debugging the Linux kernel]]

==Multimedia subsystems==

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/media}} &amp;ndash; media subsystem (V4L2, DVB, etc.)

=== Graphics ===

Old graphics (not to be confused with v4l):

⚲ API
:  {{The Linux Kernel/include|video}}
&lt;!-- : {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/video}} old stuff --&gt;
⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/video}} &amp;ndash; framebuffer and video drivers

==== {{w|Direct Rendering Manager}} (DRM) ====

DRM is responsible for interfacing with GPUs of modern video cards.
DRM exposes an API that user-space programs can use to send commands and data to the GPU and perform operations such as configuring the mode setting of the display.
User-space programs can use the DRM API to command the GPU to do hardware-accelerated 3D rendering and video decoding, as well as {{w|General-purpose computing on graphics processing units|GPGPU}} computing.


⚲ API
: /sys/class/drm/
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/drm}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/drm/drm.h}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DRM_IOCTL_BASE}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|drm_version}}

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/gpu/drm}} &amp;ndash; DRM core and drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|drm}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|drm_gem.h}} &amp;ndash; Graphics Execution Manager Driver Interfaces
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|drm_dev_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|drm_device}}

=== {{w|Advanced Linux Sound Architecture}} (ALSA) ===

ALSA is a software framework and part of the Linux kernel that provides an API for sound card device drivers.
Some of the goals of the ALSA project at its inception were automatic configuration of sound-card hardware and graceful handling of multiple sound devices in a system. 

The sound servers PulseAudio, JACK (low-latency professional-grade audio editing and mixing) and PipeWire, the higher-level abstraction APIs OpenAL, SDL audio, etc. work on top of ALSA and implemented sound card device drivers.
On Linux systems, ALSA succeeded the older {{w|Open Sound System}} (OSS).


⚲ API
: /proc/asound/cards, /sys/class/sound/
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_card}} - central struct
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_card_new}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_card_register}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_device_ops}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_device_new}} creates an ALSA device component
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/sound/asound.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/core.h}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound}} &amp;ndash; ALSA sound subsystem
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound/core/device.c}} &amp;ndash; ALSA device management
: See [[#Sound SoC - ASoC|ASoC]]


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ALSA (sound)|sound}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Writing an ALSA Driver|sound/kernel-api/writing-an-alsa-driver.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|sound}}

=== {{w|Video4Linux}}  (V4L2) ===

V4L is a collection of device drivers and an API for supporting realtime video capture on Linux systems.
It supports many USB webcams, TV tuners, and related devices, standardizing their output, so programmers can easily add video support to their applications.
MythTV, tvtime and Tvheadend are typical applications that use the V4L framework.


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|v4l2_device_register}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|v4l2_device}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|video_register_device}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|video_device}}
: 👁 examples {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/media/test-drivers}}


📖 References
: {{w|Video4Linux}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|media|driver-api/media}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|V4L|userspace-api/media/drivers/}}
: [https://linuxtv.org/downloads/v4l-dvb-apis-new/driver-api/index.html Media subsystem kernel internal API]


==HID==
Generic human interface devices.
Don't confuse with [[../System#hiddev|hiddev]].

=== Input devices ===

Input device files are kind of [[#char devices|char devices]] with id {{The Linux Kernel/id|INPUT_MAJOR}}.
Classic input devices are keyboard and mouse. 


⚲ API
: In shell: cat /proc/bus/input/devices
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/input.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_input_allocate_device}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_register_device}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_register_handler}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_dev}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_report_key}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_sync}}


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/input/mousedev.c}} &amp;ndash; mouse device emulation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/input/keyboard/atkbd.c}} &amp;ndash; AT/PS2 keyboard driver


&lt;big&gt;⌨️&lt;/big&gt; Hands on

sudo hexdump /dev/input/mice # dump your mouse movements events from your kernel


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/input/input.c}} &amp;ndash; input core
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_event}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Input|input}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|input}}

=== HID devices ===

🔧 TODO


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_device}} - device report descriptor. Operations: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_allocate_device}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_add_device}} . 👁 Example {{The Linux Kernel/id|usbhid_probe}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/hid.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hid.h}}


=== Camera ===
🔧 TODO


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/uvcvideo.h}}
📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|UVC|userspace-api/media/drivers/uvcvideo.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/media/usb/uvc}} &amp;ndash; USB Video Class driver

==HI device drivers==
This section is about low level drivers to human interface peripheral devices.


⚲ '''HID''' API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hidraw.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|module_hid_driver}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_driver}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_hw_start}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hid_bus_type}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hid}} &amp;ndash; HID transport drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hid/hid-core.c}} &amp;ndash; HID core parsing and event handling
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/accessibility}} &amp;ndash; accessibility drivers (speakup)
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/leds}} &amp;ndash; LED class drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/uhid/uhid-example.c}} - 👁 example of user mode HID driver
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/input}} : keyboard &amp; mouse, misc, serio, tablet, touchscreen, gameport, joystick
:: &lt;big&gt;⌨️&lt;/big&gt; Hands on
:: echo &quot;module atkbd +pfl&quot; | sudo tee /sys/kernel/debug/dynamic_debug/control


'''USB HID'''

⚲ '''HID''' API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|USB_INTERFACE_CLASS_HID}} == {{The Linux Kernel/id|USB_CLASS_HID}} 


⚙️ Internals 
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hid/usbhid}} &amp;ndash; USB HID transport
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hid/usbhid/usbkbd.c}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|usb_kbd_driver}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/hid/usbhid/usbmouse.c}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|usb_mouse_driver}}


📖 References
: &lt;!--
find include/ -type f -name '*hid*' | sed 's-include/\(.*\)-* {{The Linux Kernel/include|\1}}-' 
--&gt;{{The Linux Kernel/doc|USB HID class|hid}}

=== Display drivers ===
🔧 TODO


🗝️ Acronyms
: FB - {{w|Linux framebuffer|Framebuffer}}
: GPU - {{w|Graphics processing unit}}
: TFT (LCD) - {{w|Thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display}} used for 🤖 embedded devices
: MIPI - 📱 {{w|Mobile Industry Processor Interface}}
:: DBI - Display Bus Interface
:: DSI - {{w|Display Serial Interface}}
:: DCS - The Display Command Set


⚲ API
: cat /proc/fb
: ls -l /sys/class/graphics
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|video/mipi_display.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/fb.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_register_framebuffer}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_framebuffer}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|FBTFT_REGISTER_DRIVER}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|fbtft_display}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/video}} &amp;ndash; framebuffer and video drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/gpu}} &amp;ndash; GPU and DRM drivers

👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|vivid_fb_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|fbtft_register_framebuffer}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|GPU Driver Developer’s Guide|gpu}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The Frame Buffer Device|fb}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Frame Buffer Library|driver-api/frame-buffer.html}}
: [https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Device_drivers-Graphics LWN: Graphics]

=== Sound SoC - ASoC ===

ALSA System on Chip (ASoC) layer for 🤖 embedded systems.
ASoC is designed to handle complex audio processing and routing on low-power and resource-constrained systems, making it an ideal solution for embedded devices such as smartphones, tablets, and other IoT devices.

ASoC provides a comprehensive framework for audio drivers, enabling the creation of modular audio drivers that can be easily integrated with the rest of the kernel.
It also supports a wide range of audio interfaces, including I2S, PCM, AC97, and SPDIF, making it highly versatile and capable of handling a variety of audio formats.

One of the key features of ASoC is its ability to handle audio routing and processing using Digital Signal Processing (DSP) techniques.

This enables ASoC to support advanced audio features such as noise reduction, echo cancellation, and dynamic range compression, among others.

Overall, ASoC is a powerful and flexible subsystem that enables Linux to support a wide range of audio hardware in embedded devices.
It has become an essential component of many embedded Linux distributions and is widely used in the development of modern audio-enabled devices.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/soc.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_card}}
::: is registered by {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_snd_soc_register_card}} ⇾ {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_register_card}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/soc-component.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_component}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_component_driver}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_card}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_card}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_register_component}}  {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_component_get_drvdata}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_component_read}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_component_update_bits}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_component_write}} 

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/soc-dai.h}} - {{The Linux Kernel/doc|DAI - Digital Audio Interface|sound/soc/dai.html}}: {{w|AC97}}, {{w|I2S}}, {{w|PCM}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dai}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dai_driver}} {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dai_get_drvdata}}  

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/soc-dpcm.h}} - {{The Linux Kernel/doc|DPCM - Dynamic PCM|sound/soc/dpcm.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/soc-dapm.h}} - {{The Linux Kernel/doc|DAPM - Dynamic Audio Power Management|sound/soc/dapm.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dapm_route}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dapm_to_component}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dapm_widget}}  


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound/soc/generic/simple-card.c}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound/soc/generic/audio-graph-card.c}} uses {{The Linux Kernel/include|sound/graph_card.h}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound/soc}} &amp;ndash; ASoC framework
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_card}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|snd_soc_dai_link}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ASoC - ALSA SoC Layer|sound/soc}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ASoC Core API|sound/kernel-api/alsa-driver-api.html?#asoc}}
: https://www.alsa-project.org/wiki/ASoC
:: https://www.alsa-project.org/wiki/DAPM
🗝️ Acronyms SAI could be
: STM ''Serial'' Audio Interface: {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound/soc/stm/stm32_sai.h}}
: Freescale (FSL) ''Synchronous'' Audio Interface:  {{The Linux Kernel/source|sound/soc/fsl/fsl_sai.h}}


{{BookCat}}
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  <page>
    <title>Building Haycocks/Cutting/Implements</title>
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        <username>DaGizza</username>
        <id>8680</id>
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      <text bytes="861" sha1="1bvtdufp36jf7rgr6hw20lahkk7vdqk" xml:space="preserve">The original tool for cutting hay was a scythe, which is a slow, labour-intensive means of cutting a hay meadow. Horse-drawn machines with finger bar mowers pulled by one or who horses were a great improvement. Tractors also have finger bar mower attachments available. The finger bar mower can sometimes jam in heavy meadows, and with tractors it is important to ensure the power to the mover is removed before clearing a jam or their is a risk of injury including loss of fingers. A drum mower, with two rotating drums rotating at speed is has typically replaced the finger mower. These are generally more efficient and less susceptible to jamming. The cutting implement gear is generally covered by a skirt as stones can be flung out at high speed, there is still risk of this if one is followed on foot.

{{auto navigation|Cutting/Timing|Cutting/Execution}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Oberon/System Variants</title>
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        <username>PeterEasthope</username>
        <id>660399</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Source Texts in Oberon-2 */ Added a citation to the update of Oberon V4 for x86-64, produced by Bernhard Treutwein.</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30729" sha1="ltjffdsqo3lremq8dt46ttt2alf5uef" xml:space="preserve">{{center|[[Oberon/Naming|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 13em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x2190; Naming&lt;/span&gt;]] [[Oberon|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 13em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x2191; Oberon front page&lt;/span&gt;]] [[Oberon/Licenses|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 13em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;Licenses &amp;#x2192;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}
&lt;br&gt;
The Oberon system runs directly on several machine architectures and as a subsystem in several host [[w:Operating system|operating systems]]. Order of rows is approximately chronological. For each variant (row), a link in the second column leads to additional information.
&lt;div id=&quot;VariantsTable&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
==Source Texts in [[Oberon/oreport|Oberon]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Oberon&quot;/&gt;==
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | Presentation as a table&amp;#160;
|-
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Host Environment&lt;ref name=&quot;HostEnvironment&quot;/&gt;
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Software
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Installation&lt;br&gt;archive
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Installation&lt;br&gt;Instructions
|-
| [[w:Ceres_(workstation)|Ceres workstation]]&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/X2321.2002A preserved Ceres]&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102674736 preserved Ceres]&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102722173 photo of Ceres 1]&lt;br&gt;
[[w:Field-programmable_gate_array|FPGA]] based [https://www.terasic.com.tw/cgi-bin/page/archive.pl?Language=English&amp;CategoryNo=165&amp;No=830#contents Cyclone V GX].
| [[w:Oberon_(operating_system)|The Oberon System]]&lt;br&gt;[[Oberon/The Oberon System, V1 and V2|V1 and V2]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [http://www.cpu-ns32k.net/Oberon.html Notes about Oberon] and [http://www.cpu-ns32k.net/Ceres.html implementation of Ceres]&lt;!-- &lt;br&gt;by Udo M&amp;ouml;ller, 2023-25. --&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;VCFE2024&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ceres&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;[https://github.com/pcayuela/Project-Oberon/tree/main/CERES%20Oberon%20V4/ASCII Project-Oberon at Sourceforge]&lt;br&gt;[https://bitsavers.org/ETH https://bitsavers.org/ETH]
|-
| [[w:X86|X86 PC]] with [[w:MS_DOS|MS-DOS]] or [[w:FreeDOS|compatible OS]]
| [https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/68911 ''Oberon for PC on an MS-DOS Base''](PDF), [[Oberon/Bibliography#Dis93|Dis93]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosoberon/files/ Sourceforge]&lt;br&gt;[https://github.com/Classic-Tools/DOSOberon Github]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | README.TXT for System&amp;#160;3, Release 2.0 at [https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosoberon/files/DOS%20Oberon%20System%203%20Version%202.0/ Sourceforge],&lt;br&gt;and at [https://github.com/Classic-Tools/DOSOberon/blob/master/DOSOberon-S3R2.0/README.TXT Github]
|-
| Any system compatible with the included PAL library&lt;ref name=&quot;PAL&quot;/&gt;
| Cross-platform ETH Oberon, System&amp;#160;3&lt;ref name=&quot;Oberon&quot;/&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/rochus-keller/OberonSystem3/ github]&lt;ref name=&quot;PrecompiledCrossPlatformOberon&quot;/&gt;
|-
|[[w:ARM_architecture_family#32-bit_architecture|ARMv7]] as in the [[w:Raspberry_Pi#Flagship_series|Raspberry Pi 2B]].
|QEMU image and software operable on various Raspberry Pi machines.
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/rochus-keller/OberonSystem3Native/releases/tag/2026-04-02 Github].
|}

{{:Oberon/ThreeBoxes
|'''Host Environment'''&lt;ref name=&quot;HostEnvironment&quot;/&gt;
|'''Software'''
|'''Installation'''
|25px}}

{{:Oberon/ThreeBoxes
|[[w:Ceres_(workstation)|Ceres workstation]].&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/X2321.2002A Preserved Ceres].&lt;br&gt;
[http://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102674736 Preserved Ceres].
|[[w:Oberon_(operating_system)|The Oberon System]],&lt;br&gt;
[[Oberon/The Oberon System, V1 and V2|V1 and V2]].
|[http://www.cpu-ns32k.net/Oberon.html Notes about Oberon] and [http://www.cpu-ns32k.net/Ceres.html implementation of Ceres].&lt;ref name=&quot;VCFE2024&quot;/&gt;&lt;ref name=&quot;Ceres&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[https://github.com/pcayuela/Project-Oberon/tree/main/CERES%20Oberon%20V4/ASCII Project-Oberon at Sourceforge].
|77px}}

{{:Oberon/ThreeBoxes
|[[w:X86|X86 PC]] with [[w:MS_DOS|MS-DOS]] or [[w:FreeDOS|compatible OS]].
|[https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/68911 ''Oberon for PC on an MS-DOS Base''](PDF), [[Oberon/Bibliography#Dis93|Dis93]].
|README.TXT for System&amp;#160;3, Release 2.0 at [https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosoberon/files/DOS%20Oberon%20System%203%20Version%202.0/ Sourceforge].&lt;br&gt;
At [https://github.com/Classic-Tools/DOSOberon/blob/master/DOSOberon-S3R2.0/README.TXT Github].
|75px}}

{{:Oberon/ThreeBoxes
|Any system compatible with the included PAL library.&lt;ref name=&quot;PAL&quot;/&gt;
|Cross-platform ETH Oberon, System&amp;#160;3.&lt;ref name=&quot;Oberon&quot;/&gt;
|[https://github.com/rochus-keller/OberonSystem3/ Github].&lt;ref name=&quot;PrecompiledCrossPlatformOberon&quot;/&gt;
|46px}}

{{:Oberon/ThreeBoxes
|[[w:ARM_architecture_family#32-bit_architecture|ARMv7]] as in the [[w:Raspberry_Pi#Flagship_series|Raspberry Pi 2B]].
|QEMU image and software operable on various Raspberry Pi machines.
|[https://github.com/rochus-keller/OberonSystem3Native/releases/tag/2026-04-02 Github].
|68px}}

==Source Texts in [https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~wgg/CSE131B/oberon2.htm Oberon-2]==
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | Presentation as a table&amp;#160;
|-
! colspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; &lt;!-- style=&quot;border-top: solid 2px&quot; --&gt; | Source Texts in [https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~wgg/CSE131B/oberon2.htm Oberon-2]
|-
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Host Environment&lt;ref name=&quot;HostEnvironment&quot;/&gt;
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Software
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Installation&lt;br&gt;archive
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Installation&lt;br&gt;Instructions
|- &lt;!-- id=&quot;ETHO&quot; --&gt;
|Bare [[w:X86|X86 PC]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Transmeta&quot;/&gt;
| [[Oberon/ETH Oberon|ETH Oberon]], formerly System 3, PC-Native Oberon.&lt;br /&gt;[[w:Oberon_(operating_system)#Native_Oberon| Wikipedia]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://sourceforge.net/projects/nativeoberon/files/nativeoberon/ SourceForge]
| align=&quot;left&quot; | [[Oberon/ETH Oberon/install|ETHZ, actual diskettes]]&lt;br&gt;
[[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/QEMUinstall|Hypervisor using diskette images]].&lt;br&gt;
[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Do2O1yFrnos Oberon Tutorials] at YouTube&lt;ref name=&quot;YouTube&quot;/&gt;
|-
| [[w:X86|X86 PC]] with [[w:MS_DOS|MS-DOS]] or [[w:FreeDOS|compatible OS]]
| DOS Oberon System3, Version 2.0, [[Oberon/Bibliography#Dis93|Dis93]]&lt;ref name=&quot;DOS&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosoberon/files/DOS%20Oberon%20System%203%20Version%202.0/ SourceForge]&lt;br /&gt;[https://github.com/Classic-Tools/DOSOberon/tree/master/DOSOberon-S3R2.0 Github]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosoberon/files/DOS%20Oberon%20System%203%20Version%202.0/README.TXT/download  SourceForge]&lt;br /&gt;[https://github.com/Classic-Tools/DOSOberon/blob/master/DOSOberon-S3R2.0/README.TXT Github]
|-
| X86 PC with MS Windows
| ETH Oberon for Windows&lt;ref name=&quot;Windows&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/pcayuela/oldftpETHZOberon/tree/master/System3/Win95NT Github]&lt;ref name=&quot;Win95NT&quot;/&gt;
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/pcayuela/oldftpETHZOberon/tree/master/System3/Win95NT/PlugIn readme.txt] 
|-
| HP Alpha [aka DEC AXP] with OpenVMS
| [http://www.modulaware.com/mwovms.htm 64 bit (Linz-)Oberon System], [[Oberon/Linz Oberon, V4|V4]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [http://www.modulaware.com/zel/aos/ modulaware.com]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [http://www.modulaware.com/zel/aos/ OpenVMS Alpha]
|-
| X86, ARM, ARMv7,&lt;br&gt;[[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] or [[w:MIPS_architecture|MIPS]] with Linux
| [http://oberon.wikidot.com/oberon-linux-revival-olr Oberon Linux Revival, OLR]&lt;ref name=&quot;OLR&quot;/&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [http://oberon.wikidot.com/ P. Matthias]
|-
| X86 PC with Linux, UltraSPARC with Solaris or Sun3 with SunOS
| [http://www.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/oberon/ Ulm Oberon]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [http://www.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/oberon/ulm.html HTML page] and manual pages in the downloads
|- &lt;!-- id=&quot;V4&quot; --&gt;
| X86 PC with various operating systems&lt;ref name=&quot;Linz&quot;/&gt;
| [http://ssw.jku.at/Research/Projects/Oberon.html Linz-Oberon], [[Oberon/Linz Oberon, V4|V4]]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [http://olymp.idle.at/tanis/oberon.linux.html olymp.idle.at]&lt;ref name=&quot;olymp&quot;/&gt; and [https://sourceforge.net/projects/oberon/files/ SourceForge]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [http://olymp.idle.at/~tanis/INSTALL INSTALL at olymp.idle.at]&lt;br&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/oberon/wiki/Home/ Wiki at Sourceforge]. [https://github.com/btreut/Oberon4Linux-Bootstrap Update for the x86-64 PC].
|-
| X86 PC with Windows or with *nix and Wine
| [[w:BlackBox Component Builder|BlackBox Component Builder]], an [[w:Integrated_development_environment|IDE]] for [[w:Component_Pascal|Component Pascal]]
&lt;!-- | [[/BB/]] --&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/BlackBoxCenter BB Component Builder download].
|-
| [[w:Common Language Infrastructure|.NET and CLI]]
| [[w:Component_Pascal|Gardens Point Component Pascal, GPCP]] application for .NET and CLI&lt;ref name=&quot;GPCP&quot;/&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/k-john-gough/gpcp Current project at github] &lt;br&gt; [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911105411/http://plas.fit.qut.edu.au/gpcp/ Original site from Archive.org]
|-
| [[w:Java Virtual Machine|JVM]]
| [[w:Component_Pascal|Gardens Point Component Pascal]] application for JVM&lt;ref name=&quot;GPCP&quot;/&gt; 
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/k-john-gough/gpcp Current project at github] &lt;br&gt; [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911105411/http://plas.fit.qut.edu.au/gpcp/ Original site from Archive.org]
|-
| [[w:Linux|Linux]]-[[w:IA-32|386]], [[w:Raspberry_Pi_OS|Rasbian]], [[w:Microsoft_Windows|Windows]]
| Ofront Oberon to C translator  
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | Josef Templ, [https://github.com/jtempl/ofront/ github]
|-
| [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:OS X|OS X]] or [[w:MS Windows|MS Windows]]
| [https://ecs.openbrace.org/ Eigen Compiler Suite]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://ecs.openbrace.org/releases/ Releases]
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://ecs.openbrace.org/manual User Manual]
|-
| Subsystem for Blackbox
| Ofront+ Oberon to C translator  
| align=&quot;center&quot; | various Oberon dialects
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/Oleg-N-Cher/OfrontPlus/ github]
|}

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
|'''Host Environment'''&lt;ref name=&quot;HostEnvironment&quot;/&gt;
|'''Software'''
|'''Installation'''
|25px}}

&lt;div id=&quot;ETHO&quot;&gt;{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
|1=Bare [[w:X86|X86 PC]]&lt;ref name=&quot;Transmeta&quot;/&gt;
|2=[[Oberon/ETH Oberon|ETH Oberon]], formerly System 3, PC-Native Oberon. [[w:Oberon_(operating_system)#Native_Oberon|Wikipedia]]&amp;#160;
|3=[https://sourceforge.net/projects/nativeoberon/files/nativeoberon/ SourceForge]. [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/install|ETHZ, real diskettes]]. [[Oberon/ETH_Oberon/QEMUinstall|Hypervisor with diskette images]]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Do2O1yFrnos Oberon Tutorials at YouTube]&lt;ref name=&quot;YouTube&quot;/&gt;
|4=90px}}&lt;/div&gt;

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[w:X86|X86 PC]] with [[w:MS-DOS|MS-DOS]] or [[w:FreeDOS|compatible&amp;#160;OS]]
| DOS Oberon System3, Version 2.0, [[Oberon/Bibliography#Dis93|Dis93]]&lt;ref name=&quot;DOS&quot;/&gt;
| [https://sourceforge.net/projects/dosoberon/files/DOS%20Oberon%20System%203%20Version%202.0/ SourceForge] and [https://github.com/Classic-Tools/DOSOberon/tree/master/DOSOberon-S3R2.0 Github]
| 50px}}

{{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| X86 PC with MS Windows
| ETH Oberon for Windows&lt;ref name=&quot;Windows&quot;/&gt;
| [https://github.com/pcayuela/oldftpETHZOberon/tree/master/System3/Win95NT Github]&lt;ref name=&quot;Win95NT&quot;/&gt; including [https://github.com/pcayuela/oldftpETHZOberon/tree/master/System3/Win95NT/PlugIn readme.txt].
| 25px}}

{{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| HP Alpha [aka DEC AXP] with OpenVMS
| [http://www.modulaware.com/mwovms.htm 64 bit (Linz-)Oberon System], [[Oberon/Linz Oberon, V4|V4]]
| [http://www.modulaware.com/zel/aos/ modulaware.com, OpenVMS Alpha]
| 45px}}

{{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| X86, ARM, ARMv7,&lt;br&gt;[[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] or [[w:MIPS_architecture|MIPS]] with Linux
| [http://oberon.wikidot.com/oberon-linux-revival-olr Oberon Linux Revival, OLR]&lt;ref name=&quot;OLR&quot;/&gt;
| [http://oberon.wikidot.com/ P. Matthias]
| 45px}}

{{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| X86 PC with Linux, UltraSPARC with Solaris or Sun3 with SunOS
| [http://www.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/oberon/ Ulm Oberon]
| [http://www.mathematik.uni-ulm.de/oberon/ulm.html HTML page] and manual pages in the downloads
| 45px}}

&lt;div id=&quot;V4&quot;&gt;{{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| X86 PC with various operating systems&lt;ref name=&quot;Linz&quot;/&gt;
| [http://ssw.jku.at/Research/Projects/Oberon.html Linz-Oberon], [[Oberon/Linz Oberon, V4|V4]]
| [http://olymp.idle.at/tanis/oberon.linux.html olymp.idle.at]&lt;ref name=&quot;olymp&quot;/&gt;. [https://sourceforge.net/projects/oberon/files/ SourceForge]. [http://olymp.idle.at/~tanis/INSTALL INSTALL at olymp.idle.at]. [https://sourceforge.net/p/oberon/wiki/Home/ Wiki at Sourceforge]. [https://github.com/btreut/Oberon4Linux-Bootstrap Update for the x86-64 PC].
| 85px}}&lt;/div&gt;

{{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| X86 PC with Windows or with *nix and Wine
| [[w:BlackBox Component Builder|BlackBox Component Builder]], an [[w:Integrated_development_environment|IDE]] for [[w:Component_Pascal|Component Pascal]].
| [https://github.com/BlackBoxCenter BB Component Builder download].
| 45px}}

{{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[w:Common Language Infrastructure|.NET and CLI]]
| [[w:Component_Pascal|Gardens Point Component Pascal, GPCP]] application for .NET and CLI&lt;ref name=&quot;GPCP&quot;/&gt;
| [https://github.com/k-john-gough/gpcp Current project at github]&lt;br&gt; [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911105411/http://plas.fit.qut.edu.au/gpcp/ Original site from Archive.org]
| 65px}}

{{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[w:Java Virtual Machine|JVM]]
| [[w:Component_Pascal|Gardens Point Component Pascal]] application for JVM&lt;ref name=&quot;GPCP&quot;/&gt; 
| [https://github.com/k-john-gough/gpcp Current project at github] &lt;br&gt; [https://web.archive.org/web/20120911105411/http://plas.fit.qut.edu.au/gpcp/ Original site from Archive.org]
| 45px}}

{{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[w:Linux|Linux]]-[[w:IA-32|386]], [[w:Raspberry_Pi_OS|Rasbian]], [[w:Microsoft_Windows|Windows]]
| Ofront Oberon to C translator  
| Josef Templ, [https://github.com/jtempl/ofront/ github]
| 25px}}

{{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:OS X|OS X]] or [[w:MS Windows|MS Windows]]
| [https://ecs.openbrace.org/ Eigen Compiler Suite]
| [https://ecs.openbrace.org/releases/ Releases] and [https://ecs.openbrace.org/manual User Manual].
| 25px}}

{{b:User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| Subsystem for Blackbox
| Ofront+ Oberon to C translator  
| [https://github.com/Oleg-N-Cher/OfrontPlus/ OfrontPlus at github] for various Oberon dialects. 
| 45px}}

==Source Texts in [https://gitlab.inf.ethz.ch/felixf/oberon/-/tree/main/docu Active Oberon]==
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | Presentation as a table&amp;#160;
|-
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Host Environment&lt;ref name=&quot;HostEnvironment&quot;/&gt;
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Software
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Installation&lt;br&gt;archive
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Installation&lt;br&gt;Instructions
|- &lt;!-- id=&quot;A2&quot; --&gt;
| Bare [[w:X86|X86 PC]].
| [[Oberon/A2|A2 = AOS = Bluebottle]],&lt;br /&gt;[[w:Bluebottle_OS|Bluebottle in Wikipedia]].
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://sourceforge.net/projects/a2oberon/files/ SourceForge].
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [[Oberon/A2#The_A2_Repository|Contemporary instructions]].&lt;ref name=&quot;portability&quot;/&gt;
|-
| X86 PC with Solaris,&lt;br&gt;Linux or MacOSX (Darwin).
| [[Oberon/A2#Installing_and_Running_UnixAOS|UnixAos = UnixA2]].
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~fld/UnixAos/ Uni-Bremen, G. Feldmann].
| align=&quot;center&quot; | [http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~fld/UnixAos/Readme.txt Readme.txt].
|-
| X86 PC with A2 or UnixA2 or WinA2.
| [[Oberon/A2#Oberon_Subsystem|Oberon subsystem of A2]].
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | Included in A2, UnixA2 and WinA2.
|-
|}

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
|'''Host Environment'''&lt;ref name=&quot;HostEnvironment&quot;/&gt;
|'''Software'''
|'''Installation'''
|25px}}

&lt;div id=&quot;A2&quot;&gt;{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| Bare [[w:X86|X86 PC]].
| [[Oberon/A2|A2 = AOS = Bluebottle]].&lt;br&gt;[[w:Bluebottle_OS|Bluebottle in Wikipedia]].
| [https://sourceforge.net/projects/a2oberon/files/ SourceForge].&lt;br&gt;[[Oberon/A2#Installing_and_Running_UnixAOS|Contemporary instructions]].&lt;ref name=&quot;portability&quot;/&gt;
| 50px}}&lt;/div&gt;

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| X86 PC with Solaris,&lt;br&gt;Linux or MacOSX (Darwin).
| [[Oberon/A2#Installing_and_Running_UnixAOS|UnixAos = UnixA2]].
| [http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~fld/UnixAos Uni-Bremen, G. Feldmann]. [http://www.informatik.uni-bremen.de/~fld/UnixAos/Readme.txt Readme.txt].
| 50px}}

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| X86 PC with A2 or UnixA2 or WinA2.
| [[Oberon/A2#Oberon_Subsystem|Oberon subsystem of A2]].
| Included in A2, UnixA2 and WinA2.
| 50px}}

==Source Texts in [https://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/Oberon/index.html Oberon-07]==
{| role=&quot;presentation&quot; class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;
| colspan=&quot;4&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | Presentation as a table&amp;#160;
|-
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Host Environment&lt;ref name=&quot;HostEnvironment&quot;/&gt;
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Software
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Installation&lt;br&gt;archive
! style=&quot;width: 15em&quot; | Installation&lt;br&gt;Instructions
|-
| &lt;!-- id=&quot;V5&quot; --&gt; | [[w:Field-programmable_gate_array|FPGA]] [[w:Reduced_instruction_set_computer|RISC]]
| [[Oberon/V5|V5]],&lt;br&gt;[[w:Oberon_(operating_system)#Project_Oberon_2013|Oberon V5]] in Wikipedia
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://www.inf.ethz.ch/personal/wirth/ N.&amp;#160;Wirth]&lt;br&gt;[http://www.projectoberon.net/ P.&amp;#160;Reed]
|-
| &lt;!-- id=&quot;RISCemu&quot; --&gt; | [[Oberon/Android]], [[w:Linux|Linux]],&lt;br&gt;
[[w:MacOS|Mac OS X]], [[w:Unix|Unix]] or&lt;br&gt;
[[w:Windows_NT|MS Windows]] on a wide variety of machines&lt;ref name=&quot;RISCemuRequirements&quot;/&gt;
| RISC Emulator written in C.
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [https://github.com/pdewacht/oberon-risc-emu P. De Wachter]
|-
| Unix command line
| Norebo&lt;ref name=&quot;norebo&quot;/&gt;
&lt;!-- | colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/pdewacht/project-norebo P. De Wachter] --&gt;
|-
| &lt;!-- id=&quot;ExtendedOberon&quot; --&gt; | Oberon [[w:Reduced_instruction_set_computer|RISC]] processor or emulation of it&lt;ref name=&quot;ExtOberonFootnote&quot;/&gt;
| [[Oberon/Extended_Oberon|Extended Oberon]]
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | A. Pirklbauer&lt;br&gt;[https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-extended/blob/master/README.md README] [https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-extended/blob/master/Documentation/ Documentation]&lt;br&gt;[https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-extended Oberon{{nbhyph}}extended]&lt;ref name=&quot;ExtOberonName&quot;/&gt;&lt;br&gt;[https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-retro-compiler Oberon-retro-compiler]
|-
| [[w:Web_browser|Web browser]]
| Emulator written in [[w:JavaScript|JavaScript]].
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/schierlm/OberonEmulator/ Michael Schierl]. 
|-
| [[w:Web_browser|Web browser]]
| Emulator written in [[w:Java_(programming language)|Java]].
|-
| [[w:Linux|Linux]] or [[w:MacOS|Mac OS]]
| [https://github.com/io-core/io/ Integrated Oberon] with an emulator written in the [[w:Go_(programming_language)|Go programming language]].
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/io-core/io/ Charles Perkins] 
|-
| &lt;!-- id=&quot;POL&quot; --&gt; | ARMv7, [[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] or [[w:MIPS_architecture|MIPS]] running Linux. 
[[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] running [[w:FreeRTOS|FreeRTOS]] on Sipeed M1s, Linux 32bit and Linux 64bit.
| Project Oberon Linux, POL;&lt;br&gt;Using native compiler and Linux Kernel functions.
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [http://oberon.wikidot.com/ P. Matthias]
|-
| rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [[w:Java Virtual Machine|JVM]]
| Project Oberon using oberonc compiler from L. Boasso
&lt;!-- | colspan=&quot;2&quot; |P. Matthias --&gt;
|-
| [https://github.com/lboasso/oberonc Oberonc] compiler for Oberon-07.&lt;ref name=&quot;TypeRules&quot;/&gt;
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/io-core/io/ L. Boasso]
|-
| Any system capable of running QEMU
| [https://github.com/io-core/qemu-risc6 qemu-risc6] fork of QEMU
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/io-core/ Charles Perkins].
|-
| Any system capable of running [https://github.com/aixp/ProjectOberon-BlackBox BlackBox Component Builder]
| Oberon-07 compiler written in Oberon-2.
| colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/aixp/ProjectOberon-BlackBox Alexander V. Shiryaev]
|-
| [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:OS X|OS X]] or [[w:MS Windows|MS Windows]]
| [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv-emu oberon-riscv-emu]
| align=&quot;center&quot; colspan=&quot;2&quot; rowspan=&quot;2&quot; | [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv-emu Rikke Solbjørg]
|-
| [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:OS X|OS X]] or [[w:MS Windows|MS Windows]] with [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv-emu oberon-riscv-emu] or a bare [[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] machine.
| [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv oberon-riscv]
&lt;!-- | colspan=&quot;2&quot; align=&quot;center&quot; | [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv Rikke Solbjørg] --&gt;
|}

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
|'''Host Environment'''&lt;ref name=&quot;HostEnvironment&quot;/&gt;
|'''Software'''
|'''Installation'''
|25px}}

&lt;div id=&quot;V5&quot;&gt;{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[w:Field-programmable_gate_array|FPGA]] [[w:Reduced_instruction_set_computer|RISC]]
| [[Oberon/V5|V5]] and [[w:Oberon_(operating_system)#Project_Oberon_2013|Oberon V5]] in Wikipedia.
| [https://www.inf.ethz.ch/personal/wirth/ N.&amp;#160;Wirth], [http://www.projectoberon.net/ P.&amp;#160;Reed].
| 25px}}&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;div id=&quot;RISCemu&quot;&gt;{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[Oberon/Android]], [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:Windows_NT|MS Windows]], [[w:MacOS|Mac OS X]] or [[w:Unix|Unix]] on a wide variety of machines&lt;ref name=&quot;RISCemuRequirements&quot;/&gt;
| RISC Emulator written in C.
| [https://github.com/pdewacht/oberon-risc-emu P. De Wachter]
| 70px}}&lt;/div&gt;

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| Unix command line
| Norebo&lt;ref name=&quot;norebo&quot;/&gt;
| [https://github.com/pdewacht/project-norebo P. De Wachter]
| 25px}}

&lt;div id=&quot;ExtendedOberon&quot;&gt;{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| Oberon [[w:Reduced_instruction_set_computer|RISC]] processor or emulation of it&lt;ref name=&quot;ExtOberonFootnote&quot;/&gt;
| [[Oberon/Extended_Oberon|Extended Oberon]]
| A. Pirklbauer, [https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-extended/blob/master/README.md README], [https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-extended/blob/master/Documentation/ Documentation], [https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-extended Oberon{{nbhyph}}extended]&lt;ref name=&quot;ExtOberonName&quot;/&gt; and [https://github.com/andreaspirklbauer/Oberon-retro-compiler Oberon-retro-compiler].
| 90px}}&lt;/div&gt;

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[w:Web_browser|Web browser]]
| Emulator written in [[w:JavaScript|JavaScript]].
| [https://github.com/schierlm/OberonEmulator/ Michael Schierl].
| 25px}}

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[w:Web_browser|Web browser]]
| Emulator written in [[w:Java_(programming language)|Java]].
| [https://github.com/schierlm/OberonEmulator/ Michael Schierl].
| 25px}}

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[w:Linux|Linux]] or [[w:MacOS|Mac OS]]
| [https://github.com/io-core/io/ Integrated Oberon] with an emulator written in the [[w:Go_(programming_language)|Go programming language]].
| [https://github.com/io-core/io/ Charles Perkins]
| 67px}}

&lt;div id=&quot;POL&quot;&gt;{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| ARMv7, [[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] or [[w:MIPS_architecture|MIPS]] running Linux. 
[[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] running [[w:FreeRTOS|FreeRTOS]] on [https://dl.sipeed.com/fileList/MAIX/HDK/Sipeed-M1&amp;M1W/Specifications/Sipeed%20M1%20Datasheet%20EN%20V1.12.pdf Sipeed M1s] and Linux 32bit or Linux 64bit.
| Project Oberon Linux, POL;&lt;br&gt;Using native compiler and Linux Kernel functions.
| [http://oberon.wikidot.com/ P. Matthias]
| 95px}}&lt;/div&gt;

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[w:Java Virtual Machine|JVM]]
| Project Oberon using oberonc compiler from L. Boasso
| [http://oberon.wikidot.com/ P. Matthias]
| 45px}}

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[w:Java Virtual Machine|JVM]]
| [https://github.com/lboasso/oberonc Oberonc] compiler for Oberon-07.&lt;ref name=&quot;TypeRules&quot;/&gt;
| [https://github.com/io-core/io/ L. Boasso]
| 45px}}

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| Any system capable of running QEMU
| [https://github.com/io-core/qemu-risc6 qemu-risc6] fork of QEMU
| [https://github.com/io-core/ Charles Perkins].
| 45px}}

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| Any system capable of running [https://github.com/aixp/ProjectOberon-BlackBox BlackBox Component Builder]
| Oberon-07 compiler written in Oberon-2.
| [https://github.com/aixp/ProjectOberon-BlackBox Alexander V. Shiryaev]
| 45px}}

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:OS X|OS X]] or [[w:MS Windows|MS Windows]]
| [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv-emu oberon-riscv-emu]
| [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv-emu Rikke Solbjørg]
| 25px}}

{{User:PeterEasthope/ThreeBoxes
| [[w:Linux|Linux]], [[w:OS X|OS X]] or [[w:MS Windows|MS Windows]] with [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv-emu oberon-riscv-emu] or a bare [[w:RISC-V|RISC-V]] machine.
| [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv oberon-riscv]
| [https://github.com/solbjorg/oberon-riscv Rikke Solbjørg]
| 67px}}

==Footnotes==
{{Reflist|refs=
&lt;ref name=&quot;Oberon&quot;&gt;The Oberon language evolved through several variations including [https://people.inf.ethz.ch/wirth/Oberon/Oberon.Report.pdf Oberon-90] in which Cross-platform Oberon is written. The differences between the latest 1990 version of Oberon and the 1991 superset, Oberon-2, are explained in bibliography references [[Oberon/authors#M|Moe91]] and [[Oberon/authors#M|MoW91a]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;HostEnvironment&quot;&gt;In some cases the host environment is a bare machine. Otherwise it is a machine running another system.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;VCFE2024&quot;&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEdHiE-HoGE&amp;t=2145s Presentation at VCFE 23.0], September 2024. Jump to 35:46.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Ceres&quot;&gt;Hypothetically a Ceres can also be built with [http://cpu-ns32k.net/Gilbert.html wire wrap].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;PrecompiledCrossPlatformOberon&quot;&gt;Links to precompiled images for MS Windows, Linux and MacOS are at the bottom of the Github page.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;PAL&quot;&gt;PAL = Platform Abstraction Layer written by Rochus Keller and included with Cross-platform Oberon. Precompiled systems are currently available for Linux x86 &amp; x64, Mac M1 &amp; x64 and Windows x86 &amp; x64. Porting to another system is primarily porting the PAL library.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Transmeta&quot;&gt;Including the [[w:Transmeta_Crusoe|Transmeta Crusoe 5400]] and the [[w:StrongARM|StrongARM SA 110 and SA 1110]].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;YouTube&quot;&gt;A PC can boot from an Oberon0 diskette in an internal drive.  In that case installation of ETH Oberon can proceed directly without involvement of DOS. Part 2 in the series includes a helpful explanation of the user interface.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;DOS&quot;&gt;Sources for [https://github.com/Project-Oberon/Source-Code/tree/main/DOS%20Oberon%20System%203%20Release%202.0 Release 2.0] are available. ASCII sources can be read with any contemporary editor. The Text sources should be read in an Oberon system; otherwise display by Linux gedit may be tolerable.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Windows&quot;&gt;Also referred to as &quot;ETH Oberon Plugin for Windows&quot; and &quot;Spirit of Oberon System3 for Windows&quot;.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Win95NT&quot;&gt;A server at ftp&amp;#58;//ftp.ssw.uni-linz.ac.at/ remains accessible to an FTP client and installation archives can be retrieved. The Firefox browser is unable to navigate into the subdirectories.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;OLR&quot;&gt;Sources following ETH Oberon closely. Note &quot;Current state ... network not working.&quot;&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;Linz&quot;&gt;V4 can also execute on obsolete systems [[w:Motorola_68000_series|680x0 MacIntosh]] and [[w:PowerMac|PowerMac]] with [[w:MacOS|MacOS]] to version 9 inclusive, [[w:Amiga|Amiga]], [[w:Atari_ST|Atari ST]], [[w:DECstation|DECstation]], [[w:HPUX|HP-UX]], [[w:IBM_RISC_Dystem/6000|IBM RS/6000]], [[w:SGI_IRIS|SGI IRIS]] and [[w:Sparc|SPARC]] with [[w:Solaris_(operating_system)|Solaris]]. Refer to [https://sourceforge.net/projects/oberon/ https://sourceforge.net/projects/oberon/] and [https://ssw.jku.at/Research/Projects/Oberon.html https://ssw.jku.at/Research/Projects/Oberon.html]. A native version has not been produced.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;olymp&quot;&gt;olymp.idle.at has verion 1.7.02. The last version at JKU Linz is 1.5.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;GPCP&quot;&gt;GPCP provides a compiler for Component Pascal; not a full Oberon subsystem.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;portability&quot;&gt;During the summer of 2019 work was underway at the ETHZ to improve portability and other aspects. Until the work is completed, the user may encounter difficulties with the native variant of A2. The Oberon subsystem remains available in UnixA2 and WinA2. A notice was in the [http://lists.inf.ethz.ch/pipermail/oberon/ mailing list at 2019-07-03]. Patience is advised.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;RISCemuRequirements&quot;&gt;The SDL2 library and a C99 capable C compiler are required.  GCC or Clang suffice for compiling the emulator.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;norebo&quot;&gt;A software allowing execution of an Oberon command without the Oberon system and interface. The Oberon compiler, for example, can be executed at the Unix command line.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;ExtOberonFootnote&quot;&gt;Extended Oberon does not modify the RISC processor; it modifies only the Oberon system which runs on it.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;ExtOberonName&quot;&gt;Nomenclature explained in the [https://lists.inf.ethz.ch/pipermail/oberon/2023/016552.html Oberon mailing list at 2023-01-18].&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref name=&quot;TypeRules&quot;&gt;The [https://github.com/lboasso/oberonc/blob/master/doc/TypeRules.md TypeRules document] is noteworthy. Specific aspects of [[w:Data_type|types]] are discussed in the [http://lists.inf.ethz.ch/pipermail/oberon/ mailing list] beginning at 2019-12-07.&lt;/ref&gt;

}}
&lt;br&gt;
{{center|[[Oberon/Naming|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 13em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x2190; Naming&lt;/span&gt;]] [[Oberon|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 13em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;&amp;#x2191; Oberon front page&lt;/span&gt;]] [[Oberon/Licenses|&lt;span class=&quot;mw-ui-button&quot; style=&quot;border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; display: inline-block; margin: auto; width: 13em; text-align: center; Background-color:#F0FFFF;&quot;&gt;Licenses &amp;#x2192;&lt;/span&gt;]]}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ltjffdsqo3lremq8dt46ttt2alf5uef</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikijunior:The Elements/Rare Elements</title>
    <ns>110</ns>
    <id>457423</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641756</id>
      <parentid>4640811</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T21:48:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Wanwa</username>
        <id>480607</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>cross wiki link</comment>
      <origin>4641756</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="50064" sha1="8rvzx3y76xrzasizohfur2my3ztl2b9" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;__TOC__&lt;/noinclude&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

Here all elements are listed alphabetically, together with a short description, which did not have their own chapter.

==A==
===Actinium===
[[File:Uraninite-48277.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|left|Actinium has been detected in pitchblende.]]
[[File:Stamps_of_Germany_(BRD)_1964,_MiNr_441.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|right|Actinium is produced in nuclear reactors.]]
The word actinium comes from the Greek word for ray (&quot;aktis&quot;). It emits so much light that you can see a blue glow in the dark.

The half-life is the time it takes for half of a radioactive isotope to decay. The shorter the half-life, the more it radiates. longest-lived radium isotope &lt;sup&gt;226&lt;/sup&gt;Ra has a half-life of 1600 years, the longest-lived actinium isotope &lt;sup&gt;227&lt;/sup&gt;Ac has a half-life of 22 years. This time is long enough to make small batches of the substance. The Actinium obtained radiates very strongly.
(Isotopes that only have a half-life of one second cannot be produced in large quantities.)

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===Americium===
[[File:Americium_microscope.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.6|left|Americium]]
[[File:Americio-alarma.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|The smoke detector contains Americium.]]

Americium is produced in nuclear power plants. (Few kilograms so far.) It is a radioactive and fissile element.

The longest-lived Americium isotope &lt;sup&gt;243&lt;/sup&gt;Am has a half-life of 7370 years.

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===Astatine===
[[File:DIMendeleevCab.jpg|thumb|DIMendeleevCab|right|This element was drawn in Dmitri Mendeleev's periodic table.]]
[[File:Bismuth-20700.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left| If you bombard bismuth (picture) with helium nuclei, astatine is formed.]]
Astatine looks metallic.
Astatine was synthesized by Dale Corson, Kenneth MacKenzie, and Emilio Gino Segrè at the University of California in 1940. In 1943 Berta Karlik and Traude Bernert discovered its natural occurrence. Greek means ἀστατέω = &quot;to be unstable&quot;.

It is estimated that there are only 25 grams of astatine in the entire earth's crust. It is one of the rarest elements on earth.

In medicine (nuclear medicine) it is used, among other things, to treat malignant tumors.
Astatine is radioactive and can be dangerous in significant amounts.
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==B==
===Barium===
[[File:2006_Fireworks_1.JPG|thumb|portrait=0.7|left|barium fireworks]]
[[File:Fluorescent_minerals_hg.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|right|Some minerals fluoresce.]]
The element barium (from the Greek word for heavy) was extracted from the mineral barite. Barium containing minerals were discovered by an Italian shoemaker in 1602. This shoemaker, by the name of [[:w:en:Vincenzo Casciarolo|Vincenzo Casciarolo]], studied nature alongside his work. He discovered that some stones glow after being left in the sun for a while.
Water-soluble barium compounds are essential to life in small amounts and toxic in larger amounts.
Barium nitrate is used for green fireworks and barium carbonate as a rat poison.
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===Berkelium===
[[File:Berkelium_metal.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|1.7 micrograms of berkelium]]
[[File:Berkeley_glade_afternoon.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.8|right|University of California, Berkeley]]

Berkelium is made in nuclear reactors. It's a very radioactive element.

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===Bismuth===
[[File:Bi-crystal.jpg|thumb|vertical=1.1|left|Bismuth]]
[[File:Paracelsus-03.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Philippus Theophrastus Aureolus Bombastus von Hohenheim, also called Paracelsus.]]

Bismuth (formerly also called bismuth) was described by Paracelsus (1493-1541) and shortly afterwards by Georgius Agricola (1494-1555).
Some bismuth compounds were and are used in medicine: Against the pathogen that causes gastric ulcers, against bad breath and as a wound powder and skin ointment against inflammation, to stop bleeding and other things.

With the help of bismuth one can produce an alloy that melts at 70°C (Wood's metal). It is used in sprinklers for fire extinguishing. 

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===Bohrium===
[[File:Electron_shell_107_bohrium.png|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Bohr atomic model of bohrium]]
[[File:Niels_Bohr.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|right|Niels Bohr]]

This artificial element was named after Niels Bohr.

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===Bromine===
[[File:Brom_amp.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.5|left|Brom]]
[[File:Bastille 2007-05-06 anti Sarkozy 487645695 abe4befd12 o.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|right|tear gas]]
Bromine means something like &quot;stench&quot; (Greek). Bromine is a liquid, orange nonmetal that emits corrosive fumes at room temperature. There are significant amounts of (harmless) bromine salt in seawater. These salts are used as plant fertilizers. Photo plates are coated with silver bromide.
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==C==
===Cadmium===
[[File:NiCd_various.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Batteries contain cadmium (Cd)]]
[[File:Minolta_View_Meter_9.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The light meter contains cadmium.]]
The word cadmium is an old word for zinc ore that was partly used in medieval and ancient times. It was made in 1817 independently by Friedrich Stromeyer and Carl Samuel Hermann from different zinc ores. It is used for solar cells, semiconductors, for nickel-cadmium batteries and also for the construction of control rods in nuclear power plants. Cadmium and cadmium compounds are highly toxic. Therefore, many applications are banned in the EU.
From the 1950s, zinc mines in Japan discharged their wastewater into rivers that were used to irrigate rice paddies. The rice farmers fell ill. They experienced severe pain. Kidney failure and bone softening often led to death. Because of the severe pain, it was called &quot;Aua-Aua disease&quot; (Japanese &quot;Itai-Itai disease&quot;).

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===Californium===
[[File:Californium.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.8|left|Californium]]
[[File:CfShield.JPG|thumb|portrait=0.6|right| 1g californium is transported in this 50t container.]]

Californium is a radioactive element that is produced in nuclear reactors.
The californium isotope &lt;sup&gt;252&lt;/sup&gt;Cf emits neutrons when it decays. These neutrons are used in cancer treatments, for industrial material studies, in the search for oil, in nuclear reactors and for the construction of atomic bombs.

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===Caesium===
[[File:Cesium.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Cesium is stored under airtight conditions.]]
[[File:Atomic_Clock-Louis_Essen.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|right|Caesium indicates the beat of the atomic clock.]]
Cesium has special properties:
* It is the most reactive metal. It burns explosively when exposed to air.
* It is the softest metal.
* It is the heaviest stable alkali metal.
* It is one of the few gold colored metals.
* It has the second lowest melting point of any metal, after mercury.
* It is the &quot;most punctual&quot; ;-) element. Cesium is used in atomic clocks. The second is determined with cesium clocks.

Cesium was discovered in spring water in 1861 by Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Robert Kirchhoff based on its blue spectral lines. They named the element after the Latin word for sky blue (&quot;caesius&quot;). Carl Setterberg was the first to produce pure cesium in 1881.
Cesium is used in rocket ion engines.

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===Cerium===
[[File:CE2k2g.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Cer]]
[[File:Feuerzeug_Funken.jpg|thumb|vertical=0.7|right|rain of sparks]]
This element was discovered in parallel by different scientists in 1803. (Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Wilhelm von Hisinger, Martin Heinrich Klaproth). Carl Gustav Mosander produced pure cerium for the first time in 1825.

The word Cer, like the recently discovered planet Ceres, comes from the Roman goddess of agriculture and fertility, Ceres. Cerium generates sparks easily when rubbed, which can ignite smaller cerium crumbs. It is therefore used for lighters and also in films to produce an impressive shower of sparks. Iron alloys containing cerium are very ductile.
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=== Copernicium ===
[[File:De_Revolutionibus_manuscript_p9b.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Page from Copernicus' manuscript on &quot;The Earth Orbits the Sun&quot;.]]
[[File:Copernicus-Boissard.gif|thumb|portrait=0.6|right|Nicholas Copernicus (1473–1543]]


Named after Nicolaus Copernicus, this element was artificially produced and researched.


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===Chromium===

Chrome is a hard, malleable metal and is lustrous silver in color.
[[Image:Chromium_crystals_and_1cm3_cube.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Chrome car rim.]]
In 1779, Louis-Nicolas Vauqueli extracted the metal chromium from the mineral crocoite.
[[Image:Crocoite-360746.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Crocoite]]

The name chrome comes from the Greek word chrṓma (χρώμα), which means color. (The &quot;color&quot; of the tones, i.e. their sound, was also described in this way.)

Dyes can many dyes be made from chromium.
A human body contains chromium.
Most chrome ore is found in South Africa.

[[Image:Mh postbriefkasten.jpeg|thumb|right|150px|post yellow]]
Chromium compounds are used in the manufacture of dyes. Commonly used: postal yellow and chrome green.
Bicycle handlebars and car bumpers are coated with the silvery chrome. They look great and won't rust.
Chromium is particularly important for steel production. Chrome vanadium steel does not rust and is very strong.
Chromium salts are also used to tan leather.

Chromium itself is non-toxic, but some chromium compounds (e.g. the chromates) are toxic and carcinogenic.

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===Curium===
[[File:Curium spectrum visible.png|thumb|left|Curium spectrum visible]]
[[File:Pierre_and_Marie_Curie.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.8|right|Pierre and Marie Curie]]

Curium is an artificial element made in nuclear reactors. It is radioactive and fissile.

This element was named after Pierre and Marie Curie. We have the two scientists to thank for many insights into the structure of our matter.


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==D==
===Darmstadtium===
[[File:Isotopes_and_half-life.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|left|nuclide map with color-coded scale of half-life]]
[[File:Peter_Stehlik_2010.04.05_012.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|right|congress center darmstadtium]]


Darmstadtium is an artificial element that was created in Darmstadt in 1994.

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===Dubnium===
[[File:257Db_decay_scheme.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Dubnium decay scheme]]
[[File:Dubna.house_of_scientiests.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.5|right|The House of Scientists in Dubna]]
Dubnium/Db is artificially created by shooting atomic nuclei together. There are several ways to make dubnium:

:&lt;math&gt;\mathrm{{}^{243}_{\ 95}Am + {}^{22}_{10}Ne \rightarrow 5\, {}^1_0n + {}^{260}_{105}Db}&lt;/math&gt;
 
:&lt;math&gt;\mathrm{{}^{243}_{\ 95}Am + {}^{22}_{10}Ne \rightarrow 4\, {}^1_0n + {}^{261}_{105}Db}&lt;/math&gt;

:&lt;math&gt;\mathrm{{}^{249}_{\ 98}Cf + {}^{15}_{\ 7}N \rightarrow 4\, {}^1_0n + {}^{260}_{105}Db}&lt;/math&gt;
 
:&lt;math&gt;\mathrm{{}^{250}_{\ 98}Cf + {}^{15}_{\ 7}N \rightarrow 4\, {}^1_0n + {}^{261}_{105}Db}&lt;/math&gt;
 
:&lt;math&gt;\mathrm{{}^{249}_{\ 97}Bk + {}^{16}_{\ 8}O \rightarrow 4\, {}^1_0n + {}^{261}_{105}Db}&lt;/math&gt;
 
:&lt;math&gt;\mathrm{{}^{249}_{\ 97}Bk + {}^{18}_{\ 8}O \rightarrow 5\, {}^1_0n + {}^{262}_{105}Db}&lt;/math&gt;


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===Dysprosium===
[[File:Dysprosium.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Dysprosium]]
[[File:SIMSDY.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|right|spectrum of dysprosium]]
This element was named after the Greek word for difficult to access (dysprósitos). This has the following reason: Dysprosium belongs to the rare earths. The rare earths react chemically in a very similar way. In nature, they are usually found mixed together. It's hard to separate them. The discoverer of this element, Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran, found dysprosium in 1886 using spectral analysis. But he only caught the light that this element emits, he couldn't get it pure. It was only in 1906 that Georges Urbain was able to obtain the element.
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==E==
===Einsteinium===
[[File:Einsteinium_triiodide_by_transmitted_light.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Einsteinium iodide transmits light.]]
[[File:Einstein1921_by_F_Schmutzer_2.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.8|right|Albert Einstein, 1921]]

Einsteinium is formed in nuclear power plants and when hydrogen bombs explode.
This element was named after Albert Einstein, the developer of the theory of relativity.

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===Erbium===
[[File:Erbium.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.6|left|Erbium]]
[[File:ErOPulver.jpg|thumb|right|erbium oxide]]
Like some other rare earths, erbium oxide is used to color glass and ceramics.

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===Europium===
[[File:Eu-Block.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|left|Europium]]
[[File:050euro-uv.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|right|The euro note glows in UV light.]]

Appropriately, europium is used to protect against counterfeiting in euro banknotes. It fluoresces in UV light. Europium was also used in screens and mercury vapor lamps.
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==F==
===Fermium===
[[File:Ivy_Mike_-_mushroom_cloud.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Traces of fermium are in the cloud from the hydrogen bomb detonated in 1952.]]
[[File:Elutionskurven Fm Es Cf Bk Cm Am.png|thumb|right|Elutionskurven Fm Es Cf Bk Cm Am]]
Fermium is radioactive and its isotopes have a short half-life (maximum 100 days). Fermium was created in atomic bomb explosions, in nuclear power plants, and in the laboratory.

Small atoms can be made into larger atoms by adding particles (neutrons). This process takes place in nature in stars and especially in stellar explosions (-&gt;supernova). This is how the other elements were formed from the small hydrogen atoms.

This process can be reproduced in the laboratory. Up to the element fermium, the atoms can absorb neutrons and grow larger. The heavier elements decay immediately when neutrons are added. Even heavier elements can only be produced by shooting two atomic nuclei at each other.


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===Flerovium===
[[File:RUSMARKA-1660.jpg|thumb|Russian stamp]]
Only a few atoms of flerovium have been produced. It was named after Georgi Nikolayevich Fleorov.


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===Francium===
[[File:Uraninite-39029.jpg|thumb|upright=0.4|left|Uranite contains traces of Francium]]
[[File:Electron shell 087 Francium.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|electron shells of Francium]]
Francium has an electron on the outer shell and is therefore an alkali metal. Its properties can therefore be predicted, but are difficult to verify since only tiny amounts of this element exist.


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==G==
===Gadolinium===
[[File:Gadolinium.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.7|Gadolinium]]
[[File:Lepersonnite-(Gd)-Studtite-Curite-201137.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|Lepersonnite forms yellow crystals.]]
Gadolinium is a rare element. The mineral lepersonnite-(Gd) contains this element. This mineral has a complex chemical composition:
Ca(Gd,Dy)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(UO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;24&lt;/sub&gt;(SiO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;(CO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sub&gt;8&lt;/sub&gt;(OH)&lt;sub&gt;24&lt;/sub&gt; 48 H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O.

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===Gallium===
[[File:Gallium_crystals.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.9|Gallium.]]
[[File:Blue LED and Reflection.jpg|thumb|right|upright=0.9|LEDs (light-emitting diodes) contain gallium.]]
Gallium is a rare, silvery-white metal. About 100 tons of it are produced per year. It is used for the production of light emitting diodes and solar cells.
Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran first produced this element in 1875. When naming it, he killed two birds with one stone: he named the fabric both after his country and after himself: both &quot;France&quot; (Gaul) and &quot;Lecoq&quot; (rooster) are called &quot;Gallus&quot; in Latin. This metal can also be used to make a teaspoon that melts in a cup of hot tea.
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===Germanium===
[[File:Ge,32.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.8|left|Germanium made by Winkler]]
[[File:Germanium.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right| germanium]]
The semi-metal germanium is used in the construction of transistors. In 1886, the German chemist Clemens Winkler produced germanium at the Bergakademie in Freiberg. He named it after the Latin name of his native country. Attention: Germanium powder burns.
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==H==
===Hafnium===
[[File:Hafnium_ebeam_remelted.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Hafnium]]
[[File:SS-571-Nautilus-trials.gif|thumb|portrait=0.8|right|Nautilus, the first nuclear submarine]]
Hafnium burns with a very bright light and is used in special flash lamps. Hafnium electrodes are used for welding. Some hafnium compounds are very hard.

Hafnium is used in large quantities in nuclear reactor control rods for nuclear submarines.
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===Hassium===
[[File:2008-Z6-Targetkammer GSI-Darmstadt.JPG|thumb|left|GSI-Darmstadt]]
[[File:GSI-Darmstadt-Südbau.jpg|thumb|right|GSI]]

Hassium is a man-made element.

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===Holmium===
[[File:Holmium_1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Holmium]]
[[File:Holmium oxide lamellar particles.png|thumb|right|Holmium oxide]]
Holmium is used for high-power magnets, in lasers, and for control rods in breeder reactors.
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==I==
===Indium===
[[File:Indium_wire.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|indium wire.]]
[[File:Uvled_highres_macro.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|right| LED contains indium]]
Indium emits light with a blue, indigo spectral line. It was discovered by Ferdinand Reich and Theodor Richter in 1863. With few known indium deposits and much indium being consumed, it is the metal that may be the first to become depleted. It is used in aircraft, nuclear power plants and transistors. The metal does not burn, the powder is combustible. Indium can cause growth disorders in embryos.
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===Iridium===
[[File:Iridium pellet.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Iridium]]
[[File:Various_dinosaurs.png|thumb|portrait=1.2|right|Dinosaur skeletons]]

Iridium is heavy and is therefore found in the Earth's core and in some meteorites. At the end of the Cretaceous period, dinosaurs and many other creatures became extinct. The deposits of the sedimentary layer that marks the end of the Cretaceous are rich in iridium. An indication of a massive meteorite impact. The impact crater is in Mexico.

Iridium takes its name from the Greek word for rainbow (iris). It is used in alloys that need to be particularly hard, such as the ball of a ballpoint pen. It is also used in spark plugs, jewelry, as a catalyst, and in the UV coating of sunglasses.
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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

==K==
===Krypton===
[[File:Krypton_discharge_tube.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|lamp contains krypton]]
[[File:Geiger_counter.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|The Geiger counter contains krypton]]
Krypton (atomic number 26) is one of the rarest elements and could only be obtained in tiny amounts with great effort. The explorers Ramsay and Travers therefore named it after the Greek word kryptós, which means &quot;hidden&quot;. Krypton is used in halogen lamps. Although krypton is a noble gas, it can form compounds (krypton difluoride).

Kryptonite, dangerous for Superman, is made from a made-up element called kryptonium (atomic number 126).
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
Image: GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg| gas bottle
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

==L==
===Lanthanum===
[[File:Lanthan_1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|left|Lanthan]]
[[File:Cereisenstein.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|right|These flints contain lanthanum]]
Lanthanum (Greek λανθάνειν, lanthanein, &quot;to be hidden&quot;) was discovered in 1839 by the Swedish chemist Carl Gustav Mosander. He grew crystals from cerium nitrate in 1839. To his surprise, another crystal form formed. Another element was obviously hidden in the cerium nitrate. Mosander named it lanthanum after the Greek word for &quot;hidden&quot;. It is used in glasses and in flints. &lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
Image: GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg|flammable
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Lawrencium===
[[File:Cyclotron_at_CSI.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|left|Zyclotron]]
[[File:LawrenceCyclotronMagnet.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Magnet for a cyclotron]]

Lawrencium, named after the inventor of the cyclotron, is made by colliding atomic nuclei in a cyclotron.

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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Livermorium===
Only a few atoms of livermorium were produced. The element was named after the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LLNL) in California, USA.

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Image:Radiation warning symbol.svg|radioactive
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Lutetium===
[[File:Lutetium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Lutetium]]
[[File:Lutetium-phthalocyanine-from-xtal-view-1-3D-bs-17-25.png|thumb|Lutetium-phthalocyanine]]
Lutetium is difficult to obtain and therefore expensive. It is not used on a large scale but mostly only for scientific experiments.
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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

==M==
===Meitnerium===
[[File:Nova Laserdisk inside A315 amplifier.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|PHELIX-Laser]]
[[File:Lise_Meitner_(1878-1968),_lecturing_at_Catholic_University,_Washington,_D.C.,_1946.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.5|right|Lise Meitner 1946]]

Meitnerium is a man-made element.

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
Image:Radiation warning symbol.svg|radioactive
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Medelevium===
[[File:Berkeley_60-inch_cyclotron.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left| Medelevium was made in this cyclotron.]]
[[File:Zyklotron Prinzipskizze02.svg|miniatur|vertical=0.8|right|This drawing shows how a cyclotron works.]]

Mendelevium, named after Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev, is made by colliding atomic nuclei. For this, Einsteinium&lt;sup&gt;253&lt;/sup&gt;Es is bombarded in a cyclotron with accelerated helium nuclei&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;He. This creates Mendelevium&lt;sup&gt;256&lt;/sup&gt;Md and a neutron.

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Molybdenum===
[[File:Molybdenum_crystaline_fragment_and_1cm3_cube.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|molybdenum]]
[[File:MoCo-prokaryotes.svg|thumb|upright=1.1|right|This biocatalyst contains molybdenum.]]
Molybdenum was named after the Greek name for lead. Molybdenum tolerates high temperatures and is used for steel alloys. It is used as a catalyst in the petroleum industry. Many living things also use molybdenum in bio-catalysts. Some bacteria produce fertilizer from atmospheric nitrogen. For this you need molybdenum (formula Mo). (see picture) Pieces of metal do not burn, but powder burns easily.
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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Moscovium===
[[File:RedSquare2019.jpg|thumb|Moscow]]
Only a few atoms of moscovium were produced. The element was named after the city of Moscow.

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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

==N==
===Neodymium===
[[File:Neodym_1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Neodym]]
[[File:NdCl3 hood.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right| neodymium compound]]
Neodymium - the &quot;New Twin&quot; - is one of several chemisch similar substances. Neodymium, like its twins, can be used for magnets. Neodymium powder burns.
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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Neptunium===
[[File:Np_sphere.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|neptunium (shiny) in uranium shells (tarnished black).]]
[[File:PIA02224-browse.jpg|thumb|portrait=1.1|right|Image of Voyager 2 from the planet Neptune.]]

Neptunium is created in nuclear reactors and can be used as fuel in nuclear reactors and also in the construction of atomic bombs.
There are about 20 different neptunium isotopes. The longest-lived isotope is &lt;sup&gt;237&lt;/sup&gt;Np with a half-life of 2.144 million years.

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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Nihonium===
[[File:Kosuke Morita and Hiroshi Matsumoto cropped Hideto Enyo Kosuke Morita Koji Morimoto and Hiroshi Matsumoto 20161201.jpg|thumb|Kosuke Morita and Hiroshi Matsumoto]]

A few atoms of nihonium were artificially produced.
Nihon means &quot;Japan&quot; (Japan) in Japanese.

After the discovery, the element was first given the systematic name ununtrium (chemical symbol Uut), a formation from Latin unum for 'one' and Latin tria for 'three', corresponding to atomic number 113. It was also called eka-thallium, composed of Sanskrit eka for 'one' and thallium, with reference to its classification in the periodic table 'a place below thallium'.

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Image:Radiation warning symbol.svg|radioactive
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Niobium===
[[File:25_Euro_Österreich_2012_Bionik_a.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|The middle contains niobium.]]
[[File:Apollo_CSM_lunar_orbit.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|right|The nozzle contains niobium.]]
The elements niobium and tantalum always occur together in ores. This element was named after Niobe, daughter of Tantalus. This element was independently studied and given different names by two chemists: Charles Hatchett (1801) Heinrich Rose (1844). The IUPAC is responsible for naming the elements. It was not until 1950 that the name niobium was agreed upon.
Niobium serves as a steel alloy and is used in jewelry and coins. Niobium does not burn, but niobium powder is combustible.

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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Nobelium===
[[File:27-inch_cyclotron.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.8|left|Nobelium is created in a cyclotron.]]
[[File:AlfredNobel_adjusted.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.5|right|Alfred Nobel]]

Only a few thousand atoms of the element nobelium have been produced to date.

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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

==O==

===Oganesson===
[[File:Yuri Oganesyan.png|thumb|Yuri Oganesyan]]
Only a few atoms were made of the element oganesson. It was named after Yuri Zolakovich Oganesian.

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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Osmium===
[[File:Osmium_cluster.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Osmium]]
[[File:Prosthetic Cardiac Ball Valves.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.6|right|Artificial Heart Valves]]
Osmium is durable, hard and heat resistant, but also quite expensive.
Some artificial heart valves contain an osmium alloy. Like tungsten, it used to be used in light bulbs.
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;

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Image: GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg|Warning
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

==P==
===Palladium===
[[File:Palladium 1-noReflection.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Palladium]]
[[File:Pot_catalytique_vue_de_la_structure.jpg|thumb|portrait=1.1|right| autocatalyst]]
Palladium was named after the recently discovered asteroid Pallas, which in turn was named after the Greek goddess Pallas Athena. William Hyde Wollaston, who gave the name, extracted the element from platinum ore in 1803.
Palladium is used as a catalyst. So it destroys toxic gases in the exhaust of the car. Good white gold alloys contain palladium in addition to gold. White gold is used for coins, dental crowns and jewellery.

Amazingly, the solid metal palladium has cavities inside. Hydrogen gas can therefore flow through hot palladium sheets as if through a sieve and thus be separated from other gases. If you put a piece of palladium in a compressed gas bottle and fill it with hydrogen, the palladium absorbs the hydrogen like a sponge. One liter of palladium solutions can store three thousand liters of hydrogen. (Tank for hydrogen cars.)
Chunks of palladium do not burn, but powder burns easily.

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Polonium===
[[File:Pitchblende_schlema-alberoda.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|left|The mineral pitchblende contains polonium.]]
[[File:Physicist Studying Alpha Rays GPN-2000-000381.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.8|right|Polonium in a cloud chamber. The radioactive radiation creates fog trails.]]
Radioactive elements turn into other, lighter elements. They emit radiation. In some mines, miners breathe in the radioactive gas radon. When radon decays, it turns into the metal polonium. Polonium can cause lung cancer.
It was used as a neutron source in the atomic bombs that destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Praseodymium===
[[File:Praseodymium(III)-chloride-heptahydrate.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|left|Praseodymium - compound]]
[[File:Praseodym_1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|right|Praseodym]]
&quot;Leek Green Twin&quot; is the translation of the name of this element. If you look at the pictured praseodymium compound, the designation leek green (Greek: prásinos) becomes clear. But what is the meaning of the word twin (Greek: didymos)?
In 1874, Per Teodor Cleve recognized that the substance obtained by Carl Gustav Mosander was two different substances that resembled each other almost like twins.

Praseodymium is used to build powerful magnets.
Praseodymium powder burns.
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Promethium===
[[File:Heracles freeing Prometheus, relief from the Temple of Aphrodite at Aphrodisias.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Prometheus brought the fire of the gods to mankind. As punishment he was chained but, as shown here, freed by Heracles.]]
[[File:A-Bomb Dome close-up.jpg|thumb|portrait=1.1|right|Image of the Hiroshima dome.]]
Promethium is formed through the radioactive decay of other elements such as uranium. There is about 570g of promethium, finely distributed, all over the world. (The amount was not actually found, but only determined by calculation.) In recent decades, enough promethium has been produced in nuclear power plants that chemical experiments could be carried out with it. Promethium is a silvery heavy metal that reacts similarly to neodymium.

Some atomic bomb builders saw themselves in the role of Prometheus: they brought nuclear fire to mankind. (Read at Richard P. Feynman.)

The discoverers of this element, on the other hand, had a different intention: They named the element after Prometheus as a warning against the nuclear arms race.
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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Protacinium===
[[File:Uraninite-179869.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|uranite]]
[[File:Otto_Hahn_und_Lise_Meitner.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.6|right|Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner, 1913]]

In the mineral uranium, the element uranium decays and the element protacinium (&lt;sup&gt;234''m''&lt;/sup&gt;Pa) is formed for a short time, which quickly (half-life: 1.17 minutes) decays into actinium. This isotope was discovered by Kasimir Fajans and Oswald Helmuth Göhring in 1913.
A long-lived isotope of the element protacinium (&lt;sup&gt;231&lt;/sup&gt;Pa) was discovered by Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner in 1918. (Half-life: 32,760 years)

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

==R==
===Radium===
[[File:Uraninite-225146.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Uranite contains radium.]]
[[File:Radium-palp.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|In 1925 there were cosmetics containing radium]]
Radium comes from the Latin word for ray (&quot;radius&quot;). The element radium decays, emitting alpha rays (helium nuclei), beta rays (electrons), and gamma rays (X-rays). All elements that emit such rays are called radioactive.
Radium was first used as a medicine and in cosmetics. It took several years before the dangers of radioactive radiation were recognized and almost thirty years before radium was no longer used for it.
Radium was discovered by Henri Becquerel and studied in detail by Marie and Pierre Curie. (They died as a result of the radiation.)

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===Rhenium===
[[File:Rhenium_single_crystal_bar_and_1cm3_cube.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Rhenium]]
[[File:TurbineBlades.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|turbine blades]]
Rhenium, from the Latin word for the river Rhine (rhenus), is added to alloys to improve them. Due to the high forces, turbine blades can deform (technical term: &quot;creep&quot;) or even break (technical term: &quot;fatigue&quot;).
Thermocouples are made from an alloy of platinum and rhenium. With them you can withstand high temperatures (up to 2200°C) measure. It is also used for heating wires and incandescent lamps.

Rhenium metal does not burn, but rhenium powder does.
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===Rhodium===
[[File:Rhodium_powder_pressed_melted.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Rhodium powder is combustible.]]
[[File:White-gold--rhodium-plated.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|right| White gold ring with rhodium plating]]
Platinum ores often contain chemically similar elements. In 1803, William Hyde Wollaston extracted rhodium from platinum ore. It is used as a catalyst and as a coating for jewelry. A thin layer of rhodium prevents metals from tarnishing and gives it a silvery sheen. Rhodium can also be used to make mirrors. Pieces of metal do not burn, but powder burns easily.
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===Roentgenium===
[[File:Part_of_UNILAC_GSI.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|original part of the 120 meter long UNILAC]]
[[File:Wilhelm_Conrad_Röntgen-cropped.JPG|thumb|upright=0.6|right|Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen]]

Roentgenium is a man-made element. It was named after Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen.

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===Rubidium===
[[File:Rubidium amp.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|Rubidium is stored in an oxygen-free environment.]]
[[File:Kirchhoff Bunsen Roscoe.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|right|Kirchhoff Bunsen Roscoe 1862 (from left)]]
All atoms emit a light that is typical for them. Rubidium emits a purple-red light. Using this light, Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered rubidium in 1861. Bunsen then extracted 9 g of rubidium salt from 44,200 l of spring water. (The Latin word for red is &quot;rubidus&quot;. This is also where the gemstone ruby got its name.)
Rubidium is used for a few applications such as some vacuum tubes.
Rubidium burns in air and explodes when quenched with water.
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===Ruthenium===
[[File:Ruthenium_a_half_bar.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|Ruthenium]]
[[File:3_Resistors.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|right|These resistors contain ruthenium.]]
Ruthenium was named by the element's discoverer, Karl Ernst Claus, after the Latin name for Russia (ruthenia). Tiny amounts of this substance improve the quality of steel alloys and protect them from rusting. Ruthenium is also used to make hard drives and as a catalyst. Pieces of metal do not burn, but powder burns easily.
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===Rutherfordium===
[[File:Electron_shell_104_rutherfordium.png|thumb|portrait=0.5|left|Atomic model of Rutherfordium]]

Rutherfordium is a man-made element that has a short half-life. It was named after Ernest Rutherford, who provided an impetus for the development of other atomic models with a simple atomic model.

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

==S==
===Samarium===
[[File:Samarium_1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Samarium]]

Samarium is extracted from the mineral samarskite. This mineral was named in 1847 after the mining engineer who discovered it. Elements were often named after Greek and Roman deities in the past. This element was the first to be named after a human.

The mineral samarskite contains uranium and has therefore been mined in significant quantities. The by-product samarium is used in lasers, magnets and as a catalyst.
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===Seaborgium===
[[File:ElementeAlchemisten.svg|thumb|vertical=0.6|left|Alchemists' element symbols]]
[[File:Seaborg in lab.jpeg|thumb|portrait=0.6|right|Glenn T. Seaborg]]

This man-made item was nach named Glenn T. Seaborg. Seaborg succeeded in producing gold atoms in 1980. The alchemists were already pursuing this goal.

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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Selenium===
[[File:Selen_1.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|selenium (black, gray, red]]
[[File:Selenium rectifier.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|right| selenium rectifier]]
Selenium is a metalloid and comes in three forms (modifications): There is silver-grey metallic selenium, black non-metallic selenium and red non-metallic selenium. It was discovered by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1817. The word &quot;selenium&quot; comes from the Greek name of the moon &quot;Selene&quot;. It is used for building semiconductors and for exposure meters. In small traces, selenium is essential for life, in larger amounts it is acutely poisonous. Selenium can also cause significant organ damage (liver, heart).
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Image: GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg|Health hazard
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===Strontium===
[[File:Strontium destilled crystals.jpg|thumb|left|Strontium destilled crystals]]
[[File:Firework by alchimista.JPG|thumb|upright=1.1|right|Strontium colors flames red.]]
A strontium-bearing mineral was discovered and studied by Adair Crawford in Strontian (Scotland) in 1790. Strontium salt is used in the aluminum industry and to make fireworks. It is sometimes found in anti-inflammatory toothpaste. Strontium is also used in some vacuum tubes. About 500,000 tons of strontium salt are mined every year.

Strontium fires cannot be extinguished with either water or carbon dioxide.
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==T==
===Tantalum===
[[File:Tantalum_single_crystal_and_1cm3_cube.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Tantal]]
[[File:Tantal-Elko-Bauformen.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|right|Tantal capacitors]]
Tantalum hardly reacts, it is largely chemically inert. Tantalum oxide does not react with water or acids. Figuratively speaking, tantalum oxide is incapable of quenching its thirst. In Greek mythology, the evil Tantalus could not quench his thirst as punishment for his misdeeds. This element was therefore named after him.

Tantalum powder burns.
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===Technetium===
[[File:UraniumUSGOV.jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|left|Uranium ore contains technetium.]]
[[File:Brennelement-Kernkraftwerk.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|right|Technetium is produced in the fuel element.]]
This element was discovered in minerals in 1925. Technetium is the first (1937) man-made element and got its name from the Greek word for artificial (τεχνητός / technētós). In nuclear power plants, technetium forms as radioactive waste. Approximately 80 t of technetium have accumulated to date. Some of its isotopes have a half-life of around 200,000 years. In small amounts it is used in nuclear medicine.
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===Tellurium===
[[File:Tellur_Typmaterial.jpg|thumb|left|upright=0.8|Tellur]]
[[File:Nalleja.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right| Some detonators contain tellurium.]]
Tellurium comes from the Latin word &quot;tellus&quot; which means earth. It was made in 1782 by Franz Joseph Müller von Reichenstein. It is used as an additive to alloys and the oxide as a glass.
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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Tennessine===
[[File:Seal of Tennessee.svg|thumb|Seal of Tennessee]]
Only a few atoms were made of the element tennessine. It was named after Tennessee, USA.

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&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Terbium===
[[File:Terbium.jpg|thumb|upright=0.5|left|Terbium]]
[[File:MonaziteUSGOV.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|right|Terbium is extracted from monazite sand.]]
Terbium is used in magnets and to dope semiconductors.
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===Thallium===
[[File:Thallium pieces in ampoule.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|Thallium reacts easily with air and corrodes.]]
[[File:&quot;Kill The Rat... The Most Destructive and Dangerous of Animal Pests... Poison Rats. Trap Rats. Never let one go...&quot; - NARA - 512723.jpg|thumb|Pat Poision]]

Thallium is used for lenses in photocopiers and photocells.

Thallium is highly toxic. Possible course of poisoning in humans:

2nd-3rd Day: Alternating diarrhea and constipation.

2nd week: hair loss

2nd-3rd week: blurred vision, excessive pain perception, abnormal heart rhythm, muscle weakness (can result in death)
After the vPoisoning often results in permanent damage to health: disturbed reflexes, muscle atrophy.
Even chronic poisoning with small amounts poses a significant health risk!

A thallium compound was previously used as a rat poison because it has a delayed effect and the rats do not realize that the baits are poisoned. (Young rats have to eat something as &quot;tasters&quot;. If they get sick, no other rat will eat it.)

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;80px&quot; heights=&quot;80px&quot;&gt;
Image: GHS-pictogram-skull.svg|acutely toxic
Image: GHS-pictogram-silhouette.svg|Health hazard
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Thorium===
[[File:Monazite_-_Rostadheia,_Iveland,_Norvegia_01.jpg|thumb|vertical=0.8|left|Monazite contains thorium.]]
[[File:Jöns_Jakob_Berzelius.jpeg|thumb|portrait=0.6|right|Jöns Jakob Berzelius]]

Elements can have different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus. They are called isotopes. Chemically, they react in the same way, but they have different lifespans. (The half-life is how long it takes for half of the substance present to decay.) To the chemist, isotopes with a very, very long half-life are no different from normal, stable elements. You can find ores, extract them and experiment with them.


Thorium was discovered by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1829. It's a radioactive element. Its longest-lived isotope &lt;sup&gt;232&lt;/sup&gt;Th has a half-life of 14,050,000,000 years. Because of its long half-life, it is also found in the earth and because of its long half-life, this thorium isotope emits very little (low dose rate).

Therefore, the danger of thorium was misjudged. The harmfulness of the radioactive radiation was not recognized at first and then it took several years until the radioactive substances were no longer used in everyday goods.
Thorium was used in mantles, welding electrodes, glow electrodes. Thorium glass lenses have special optical properties.
Thorium dioxide was even used as an X-ray contrast medium: the contrast medium containing approx. 5g thorium was injected into the patient's veins before the X-ray was taken. Many patients developed cancer after 30-35 years. (The thorium is stored in the body. It takes 22 years for half of the stored thorium to leave the body: biological half-life.)

Thorium is also suitable for use in nuclear power plants. In the nuclear power plant, the thorium isotope &lt;sup&gt;232&lt;/sup&gt;Th is irradiated with neutrons &lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;n and turns into the thorium isotope &lt;sup&gt;233&lt;/sup&gt;Th. (Calculation: 232+1=233). This highly radioactive thorium isotope has a half-life of 22 minutes and decays to fissile uranium in two steps. Nuclear power plants that use thorium generate a lot of nuclear waste and facilitate the construction of nuclear bombs (technical term: proliferation).

However, it is also possible to use thorium to destroy nuclear-grade plutonium (keyword: MOX fuel element).

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
Image:Radiation warning symbol.svg|radioactive
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Thulium===
[[File:Thulium_sublimed_dendritic_and_1cm3_cube.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Thulium]]
[[File:Direct-reading_dosimeter.jpg|thumb|portrait=0.9|right|dosimeter]]
Thulium is named after the island of Thule. This island was discovered far to the north in ancient times and later associated with many myths.

Thulium is used in dosimeters to measure radioactive emissions. It is also used in scintillators and lasers.
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
Image: GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg|flammable
Image: GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg|Warning
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

==X==
===Xenon===
[[File:Xenon_discharge_tube.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Xenon lamp]]
[[File:Ion Engine Test Firing - GPN-2000-000482.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Ion Engine with Xenon.]]

Xenon can be used as a fill gas in lamps to increase the life of the tungsten filaments and also the luminous efficacy. There is also an application in headlights, which, in contrast to incandescent lamps, have a higher light output with lower energy requirements. Xenon is used in excimer lasers.
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
Image: GHS-pictogram-bottle.svg| gas bottle
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

===Ytterbium===
[[File:Ytterbium-3.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Ytterbium]]
[[File:Galissard_de_Marignac.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|right|Galissard de Marignac discovered ytterbium in 1878.]]
Ytterbium is used in specialty steel, lasers, and magnets. The best permanent magnets contain ytterbium.

&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
Image: GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg|flammable
Image: GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg|Warning
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

==Y==
===Yttrium===
[[File:Yttrium sublimed dendritic and 1cm3 cube.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|Yttrium]]
[[File:Gadolinitas.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|right|Yttrium mineral]]
In 1794, Johan Gadolin found an ore in the Ytterby mine in Sweden, from which yttrium was extracted. In 1824, Friedrich Wöhler extracted the element yttrium from it.
Yttrium is one of the rare earths (which are not that rare). It is used for magnets, fuel cells and spark plugs. Yttrium powder can build up in the lungs and damage them. Pieces of metal do not burn, but powder burns easily.
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
Image: GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg|flammable
Image: GHS-pictogram-exclam.svg| Danger
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

==Z==
===Zirconium===
[[File:Zirconium crystal bar and 1cm3 cube.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|Zirconium]]
[[File:Zircon-49506.jpg|thumb|portrait=1.1|right|Zircon]]
The zircon gemstone can have many colors due to the addition of other elements: colourless, red, yellow, green, blue, brown or black. This gemstone has been used since ancient times. It can easily be confused with the diamond and is sometimes sold by scammers as a &quot;real&quot; diamond. Experts can easily tell them apart, as zircon is not nearly as hard as diamond.
Zirconium is used for steel alloys and in nuclear power plants. Pieces of metal do not burn, but powder burns easily.
&lt;gallery widths=&quot;70px&quot; heights=&quot;70px&quot;&gt;
Image: GHS-pictogram-flamme.svg|flammable
&lt;/gallery&gt;{{clear}}

{{bookcat}}</text>
      <sha1>8rvzx3y76xrzasizohfur2my3ztl2b9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Linux Kernel/Debugging</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>462887</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641711</id>
      <parentid>4641530</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T14:12:55Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>LKMPG debugfs link, reordered after kernel docs</comment>
      <origin>4641711</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="24103" sha1="399d4tjcd7b4g9d47wtt8btv6vsxqvp" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:Debugging Linux kernel}}


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/err.h}} &amp;ndash; helper macros for error pointer handling and propagation
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/errno.h}} &amp;ndash; standard error codes used throughout the kernel.

== Performance ==

There are many factors that can affect the performance of the Linux kernel, including hardware configurations, software configurations, and workload characteristics.

In this context, performance optimization of the Linux kernel involves identifying and addressing performance {{w|Bottleneck (software)|bottlenecks}} in the system.
This can involve tuning kernel parameters, optimizing system resources, and identifying and fixing bugs and other issues that may be impacting performance.

Given the complexity of the Linux kernel and the wide range of factors that can affect performance, performance optimization can be a challenging task.
However, with the right tools and techniques, it is possible to significantly improve the performance and reliability of Linux-based systems.

=== Perf_events ===

{{w|perf (Linux)|Perf_events}}, short for performance events, is a powerful interface that provides detailed insights into the performance characteristics of software running on a system.
By analyzing the data collected by perf_events, developers can identify performance bottlenecks and optimize software to improve performance and reduce resource utilization.
Perf_events is designed to be a lightweight, low-overhead monitoring solution that has minimal impact on system performance.


🔧 TODO


⚲ Interfaces
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf}} &amp;ndash; performance analysis tools
&lt;!-- generated with 
man -k perf  | grep ^perf- | sed -n 's%\([^ ]*\) (\(.\+\)) \W\+\(.*\)%:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|\2|\1}} \– \3%p'
--&gt;
: Basic commands:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-help}} &amp;ndash; display help information about perf
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-top}} &amp;ndash; System profiling tool.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-record}} &amp;ndash; Run a command and record its profile into perf.data
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-report}} &amp;ndash; Read perf.data (created by perf record) and display the profile
: Other commands:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-annotate}} &amp;ndash; Read perf.data (created by perf record) and display annotated code
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-archive}} &amp;ndash; Create archive with object files with build-ids found ...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-arm-spe}} &amp;ndash; Support for Arm Statistical Profiling Extension within...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-bench}} &amp;ndash; General framework for benchmark suites
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-buildid-cache}} &amp;ndash; Manage build-id cache.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-buildid-list}} &amp;ndash; List the buildids in a perf.data file
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-c2c}} &amp;ndash; Shared Data C2C/HITM Analyzer.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-config}} &amp;ndash; Get and set variables in a configuration file.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-daemon}} &amp;ndash; Run record sessions on background
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-data}} &amp;ndash; Data file related processing
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-diff}} &amp;ndash; Read perf.data files and display the differential profile
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-dlfilter}} &amp;ndash; Filter sample events using a dynamically loaded shared...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-evlist}} &amp;ndash; List the event names in a perf.data file
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-ftrace}} &amp;ndash; simple wrapper for kernel's ftrace functionality
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-inject}} &amp;ndash; Filter to augment the events stream with additional in...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-intel-pt}} &amp;ndash; Support for Intel Processor Trace within perf tools
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-iostat}} &amp;ndash; Show I/O performance metrics
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-kallsyms}} &amp;ndash; Searches running kernel for symbols
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-kmem}} &amp;ndash; Tool to trace/measure kernel memory properties
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-kvm}} &amp;ndash; Tool to trace/measure kvm guest os
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-kwork}} &amp;ndash; Tool to trace/measure kernel work properties (latencies)
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-list}} &amp;ndash; List all symbolic event types
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-lock}} &amp;ndash; Analyze lock events
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-mem}} &amp;ndash; Profile memory accesses
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-probe}} &amp;ndash; Define new dynamic tracepoints
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-sched}} &amp;ndash; Tool to trace/measure scheduler properties (latencies)
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-script}} &amp;ndash; Read perf.data (created by perf record) and display tr... 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-script-perl}} &amp;ndash; Process trace data with a Perl script
::: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-script-python}} &amp;ndash; Process trace data with a Python script
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-stat}} &amp;ndash; Run a command and gather performance counter statistics
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-test}} &amp;ndash; Runs sanity tests.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-timechart}} &amp;ndash; Tool to visualize total system behavior during a workload
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-trace}} &amp;ndash; strace inspired tool
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-version}} &amp;ndash; display the version of perf binary


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|perf_event_open}} &amp;ndash; sets up performance monitoring
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|uapi/linux/perf_event.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/perf}} &amp;ndash; performance analysis tools
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/perf_event.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/events/core.c}} &amp;ndash; performance events core
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/profile.c}} &amp;ndash; simple profiling


📖 References
: {{w|perf (Linux)|perf}} &amp;ndash; instruments CPU performance counters, tracepoints, kprobes, and uprobes
: https://perfwiki.github.io/main/


📚 Further reading
: [https://www.brendangregg.com/perf.html perf Examples]
: [https://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver/projects/perf_events/ The Unofficial Linux Perf Events Web-Page]

---------------


🛠️ Utilities
: {{w|Performance Co-Pilot}}, https://pcp.io/ &amp;ndash; Performance Co-Pilot
: {{w|Prometheus (software)|Prometheus}}, https://prometheus.io/ 
: https://github.com/redhat-nfvpe/container-perf-tools
: https://github.com/brendangregg/perf-tools &amp;ndash; performance analysis tools based on Linux perf_events (aka perf) and ftrace
: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/readprofile readprofile] &amp;ndash; a tool to read kernel profiling information


📚 Further reading
: [https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Reference/stress-ng stress-ng] &amp;ndash; exercises various kernel interfaces
: http://trac.gateworks.com/wiki/linux/profiling
: [https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux_for_real_time/9/html/optimizing_rhel_9_for_real_time_for_low_latency_operation/assembly_analyzing-application-performance_optimizing-rhel9-for-real-time-for-low-latency-operation Analyzing application performance in RHEL 9]
: [https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/monitoring_and_managing_system_status_and_performance/index Monitoring and managing system status and performance in RHEL 9]
: [[Embedded_Systems/Linux#Real-time|Real-time Linux]]

== User space debug interfaces ==

⚲ Interfaces
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|dmesg}} &amp;ndash; prints or control the kernel ring buffer
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syslog}} &amp;ndash; system call, which is used to control the kernel printk() buffer
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|strace}} &amp;ndash; system calls and signals tracing tool
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|ptrace}} &amp;ndash; process trace system call
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|klogctl}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|core}}
: /sys/kernel/debug/ &amp;ndash;  {{w|debugfs}}
: dmesg --console-level &lt;level&gt;
: gdb /usr/src/linux/vmlinux /proc/kcore
: /proc/self/stack

: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|dynamic|admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.html}} debug
:: &lt;big&gt;⌨️&lt;/big&gt; hands-on:
:: echo &quot;module atkbd +pfl&quot; | sudo tee /sys/kernel/debug/dynamic_debug/control


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|handle_sysrq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/debugfs.h}} &amp;ndash; debugfs API
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/debugfs}} &amp;ndash; debugfs implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/tracefs.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/tracefs}} &amp;ndash; filesystem backing /sys/kernel/tracing
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pstore.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/pstore}} &amp;ndash; preserves crash logs across reboots


📚 '''References'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Development tools for the kernel|dev-tools}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|DebugFS|filesystems/debugfs.html}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/qmi/qmi_sample_client.c}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kprobe-based Event Tracing|trace/kprobetrace.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Dynamic debug|admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux Magic System Request Key Hacks|admin-guide/sysrq.html}}
: [https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/#debugfs-flexible-debugging-interfaces LKMPG: debugfs]
: {{w|Magic SysRq key}}

== Tracing and logging ==

⚲ API:

'''User-space interface:'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|dmesg}} &amp;ndash; prints or control the kernel ring buffer
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|syslog}} &amp;ndash; system call, which is used to control the kernel printk() buffer
: /proc/kmsg
: https://kernelshark.org/ &amp;ndash; front end reader of trace-cmd
: https://trace-cmd.org/, {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|trace-cmd}} &amp;ndash; CLI for {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Ftrace|trace/ftrace.html}} &amp;ndash; Linux kernel internal tracer /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/


'''The most commonly used functions'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/printk.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dump_stack}} – prints the current kernel stack trace for debugging purposes
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_alert}} – logs an alert-level message, indicating a critical event that requires immediate attention
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_cont}} – continues printing the current message on the same line
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_crit}} – logs a critical-level message, indicating a severe condition that might require system halt
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_debug}} – logs a debug-level message for developers, usually enabled in debug builds
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_devel}} – logs a developer-specific message, typically used for fine-grained debug purposes, see {{The Linux Kernel/doc|dynamic|admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_emerg}} – logs an emergency-level message, indicating a serious error that could cause system crash
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_err}} – logs an error-level message, typically indicating an issue that requires attention
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_err_ratelimited}} – logs an error-level message with rate limiting to prevent excessive logging
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_fmt}} – defines a format string for kernel messages
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_info}} – logs an informational-level message, providing status updates or diagnostics
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_info_ratelimited}} – logs an informational-level message with rate limiting
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_notice}} – logs a notice-level message, typically used for events that aren't errors but should be noted
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_warn}} – logs a warning-level message, indicating a potential issue that doesn't immediately affect system functionality
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_warn_once}} – logs a warning message once, preventing repeated warnings for the same event
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_warn_ratelimited}} – logs a warning-level message with rate limiting
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|print_hex_dump}} – prints a hexdump of data for debugging purposes
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|print_hex_dump_debug}} – prints a detailed hexdump with debugging-level verbosity
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|printk}} – the primary function for printing kernel messages with varying severity levels
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|va_format}} – formats a variable argument list into a string for logging or printing purposes
::: &lt;big&gt;⌨️&lt;/big&gt; hands-on:
::: echo &quot;module atkbd +pfl&quot; | sudo tee /sys/kernel/debug/dynamic_debug/control; dmesg -w
::: and type on built-in keyboard
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/dev_printk.h}} – device-specific logging
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_crit}} – prints a critical-level message for a device
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_dbg}} – prints a debug-level message for a device if debugging is enabled
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_dbg_ratelimited}} – prints debug messages for a device with rate limiting
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_err}} – prints an error-level message for a device
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_err_once}} – prints an error message for a device only once
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_err_probe}} – prints an error related to probe failure with standard formatting
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_err_ratelimited}} – prints error messages for a device with rate limiting
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_fmt}} – defines a format string used by device-specific printk macros
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_info}} – prints an informational-level message for a device
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_notice}} – prints a notice-level message for a device
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_printk}} – generic function to print kernel messages with specified log level for a device
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_vdbg}} – prints verbose debug messages for a device if enabled at compile time
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_warn}} – prints a warning-level message for a device
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_warn_once}} – prints a warning message for a device only once
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_warn_ratelimited}} – prints warning messages for a device with rate limiting
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bug.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/bug.h}} &amp;ndash; BUG, WARN, BUILD_BUG_ON macros
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|WARN_ON}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|WARN}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|printk}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/printk/printk.c}} &amp;ndash; kernel message logging
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/traps.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 exception and trap handling
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/dump_stack.c}} &amp;ndash; stack trace dumping
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kprobes.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/kprobes.c}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|dynamic tracing probes|trace/kprobes.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/trace}} &amp;ndash; tracing infrastructure
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|scripts/tracing/draw_functrace.py}} &amp;ndash; visualize function call graph from trace
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|logging}}, {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel|tracing}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/ftrace}} &amp;ndash; ftrace usage examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/trace_events}} &amp;ndash; trace event examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/trace_printk}} &amp;ndash; trace_printk examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/instrumentation.h}}


📚 '''References''':
: [https://elinux.org/Debugging_by_printing Debugging by printing]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Message logging with printk|core-api/printk-basics.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Dynamic debug|admin-guide/dynamic-debug-howto.html}}
: {{w|SystemTap}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|stap}} &amp;ndash; systemtap script translator/driver
: {{w|strace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|strace}} &amp;ndash; trace system calls and signals
: {{w|LTTng}}
: {{w|ftrace}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux Tracing Technologies|trace}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Tracepoint Analysis|trace/tracepoint-analysis.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Function Tracer|trace/ftrace.html}} &amp;ndash; function, latency and event tracing 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Event Tracing|trace/events.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Using ftrace to hook to functions|trace/ftrace-uses.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Fprobe - Function entry/exit probe|trace/fprobe.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kprobes|trace/kprobes.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kprobe-based Event Tracing|trace/kprobetrace.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Uprobe-tracer: Uprobe-based Event Tracing|trace/uprobetracer.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Using the Linux Kernel Tracepoints|trace/tracepoints.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Subsystem Trace Points: kmem|trace/events-kmem.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Subsystem Trace Points: power|trace/events-power.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NMI Trace Events|trace/events-nmi.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|In-kernel memory-mapped I/O tracing|trace/mmiotrace.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Event Histograms|trace/histogram.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Histogram Design Notes|trace/histogram-design.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Boot-time tracing|trace/boottime-trace.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Hardware Latency Detector|trace/hwlat_detector.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Intel(R) Trace Hub (TH)|trace/intel_th.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Lockless Ring Buffer Design|trace/ring-buffer-design.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|System Trace Module|trace/stm.html}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CoreSight - ARM Hardware Trace|trace/coresight}}

'''🔧 TODO. 🚀 advanced features'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kmemleak.h}} &amp;ndash; memory leak detector
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pr_cont}} - continues a previous log message in the same line
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|print_hex_dump_bytes}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|print_hex_dump_debug}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dump_stack}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_PRINTK_CALLER}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_DEBUG_KERNEL}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO}}
: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/libs/libtrace/

📚 Further reading
: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-trace-kernel/
: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace.git/

== Memory debugging ==

⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/kasan}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|KernelAddressSANitizer|dev-tools/kasan.html}}, detects out-of-bounds and use-after-free bugs
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/kfence}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Electric-Fence|dev-tools/kfence.html}}, low-overhead sampling-based memory safety detector
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kmemleak.h}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|memory leak detector|dev-tools/kmemleak.html}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|mm/kmemleak.c}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kcsan-checks.h}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|KCSAN - Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer|dev-tools/kcsan.html}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/kcsan}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/gcov}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|gcov code coverage|dev-tools/gcov.html}}

== kgdb and kdb ==
⚲ Interfaces
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kgdb.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/kdb.h}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/debug}} &amp;ndash; kgdb/kdb debugger


📚 '''References'''
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Using kgdb, kdb and the kernel debugger internals|dev-tools/kgdb.html}}
: {{w|kdump (Linux)|kdump}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|kdump|admin-guide/kdump}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|crash}} &amp;ndash; Analyze Linux crash dump data or a live system


== {{w|eBPF}} ==

⚲ API:
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|bpf}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/bpf/syscall.c}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/bpf.h}} &amp;ndash; BPF core definitions


⚙️ Internals:
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/bpf}} &amp;ndash; BPF subsystem core
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|net/bpf}} &amp;ndash; BPF networking hooks


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|eBPF and BPF|bpf}}


📚 Further reading
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|bpf-helpers}}
: [https://www.brendangregg.com/ebpf.html Linux Extended BPF (eBPF) Tracing Tools]
: [https://github.com/iovisor/bpftrace bpftrace &amp;ndash; High-level tracing language for Linux eBPF]
: [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc#tools BCC &amp;ndash; Tools for BPF-based Linux IO analysis, networking, monitoring, and more]
:: [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/tools/trace_example.txt Example] of [https://github.com/iovisor/bcc/blob/master/tools/trace.py trace.py] 
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|stapbpf}}
: [https://medium.com/@zone24x7_inc/ebpf-programming-for-linux-kernel-tracing-30364dde3fb7 eBPF Programming for Linux Kernel Tracing]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|lockdep - Runtime locking correctness validator|locking/lockdep-design.html}}


== Watchdogs ==

[[../Softdog Driver]]

{{The Linux Kernel/id|dev_watchdog}} &amp;ndash; network device watchdog

The NMI watchdog lockup detectors:

⚲ API
: /proc/sys/kernel/nmi_watchdog
: /proc/sys/kernel/soft_watchdog 
: /proc/sys/kernel/watchdog 
: /proc/sys/kernel/watchdog_cpumask 
: /proc/sys/kernel/watchdog_thresh
: /proc/sys/kernel/hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace
: /proc/sys/kernel/hardlockup_panic
: /proc/sys/kernel/softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace
: /proc/sys/kernel/softlockup_panic
 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nmi.h}}


👁️ Example
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/test_lockup.c}} &amp;ndash; test module to generate lockups

Provoke NMI watchdog without panic:
 echo 0 &gt; /proc/sys/kernel/hardlockup_panic
 insmod test_lockup.ko disable_irq=1 time_secs=13

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/watchdog.c}} &amp;ndash; detects hard and soft lockups on a system
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/watchdog_perf.c}} &amp;ndash; detects hard lockups on a system using perf
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/watchdog_buddy.c}} &amp;ndash; coordinates watchdog checks across CPUs
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hung_task.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/hung_task.c}} &amp;ndash; detects tasks stuck in uninterruptible sleep

📚 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Documentation for /proc/sys/kernel/|admin-guide/sysctl/kernel.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Softlockup detector and hardlockup detector (aka nmi_watchdog)|admin-guide/lockup-watchdogs.html}}
: kernel parameters:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/param|nmi_watchdog|nmi_watchdog}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/param|nowatchdog|nowatchdog%09}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/param|nosoftlockup|nosoftlockup}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/param|softlockup_panic|softlockup_panic}}

&lt;hr&gt;

==...==

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/traps.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 exception and trap handling
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/panic.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/panic.c}} &amp;ndash; kernel panic, oops and BUG handling
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/coredump.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|fs/coredump.c}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/man|5|core}} dump generation


📖 References for debugging
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Ramoops oops/panic logger|admin-guide/ramoops.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|pstore block oops/panic logger|admin-guide/pstore-blk.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Fault injection|fault-injection}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Bisecting a bug|admin-guide/bug-bisect.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Development tools for the kernel|dev-tools}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Testing Guide|dev-tools/testing-overview.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Checkpatch|dev-tools/checkpatch.html}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|scripts/checkpatch.pl}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Selftests|dev-tools/kselftest.html}}, {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/testing/selftests}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/tracepoint.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Tracking down and identifying problems|admin-guide/index.html#tracking-down-and-identifying-problems}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Bug hunting|admin-guide/bug-hunting.html}}
:: ...


📚 Further reading
: {{w|Linux kernel oops}}
: {{w|kdump (Linux)}}
: https://deepwiki.com/torvalds/linux/2.4-kernel-tracing-and-profiling
: https://drgn.readthedocs.io/ &amp;ndash; programmable debugger 
: https://crash-utility.github.io/
: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Debugging
: [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/vtune-profiler/user-guide/2025-1/enabling-linux-kernel-analysis.html Intel VTune Profiler]
: [[Linux Applications Debugging Techniques]]

{{BookCat}}</text>
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    <title>Algebra/Chapter 17/Hyperbolas</title>
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      <comment>Rectangular + alternate expression</comment>
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|previous=Ellipse
|next=Probability
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[[image:Giperbola-koord.png|right|200px| (h,k) = (0,0)]]
[[image:Drini-conjugatehyperbolas.svg|right|200px|thumb]]

Hyperbolas can be thought of as the &quot;opposite&quot; of ellipses - instead of the sum of distances from two foci, the difference is used. This leads to two curves that point in opposite directions. The major axis is 2a units long, and the transverse axis is 2b units long. When a&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; + b&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; = c&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, eccentricity is again c/a. The foci are at either side of the major axis, c units away from the center.

Hyperbolas come in conjugate pairs: An &quot;east-west&quot; hyperbola is written as:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{\left( x-h \right)^2}{a^2} - \frac{\left( y-k \right)^2}{b^2} = 1&lt;/math&gt;
while a &quot;north-south&quot; one is written as:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{\left( y-k \right)^2}{a^2} - \frac{\left( x-h \right)^2}{b^2} = 1&lt;/math&gt;
The east-west hyperbola is ''conjugate'' to the north-south one, and vice versa. The conjugates can be written in a unified form:
:&lt;math&gt;\frac{\left( x-h \right)^2}{a^2} - \frac{\left( y-k \right)^2}{b^2} = \pm \ 1 ,&lt;/math&gt;
where either sign gives a hyperbola and the opposite sign its ''conjugate hyperbola''.

As the curve progresses, it gets closer and closer to two lines called '''asymptotes'''. The slopes of the asymptotes are &lt;math&gt;m = \pm \frac{b}{a}.&lt;/math&gt;

If ''b'' = ''a'', then the asymptotes are perpendicular and their slopes are &lt;math&gt;m = \pm 1 ,&lt;/math&gt; as in the second diagram.

== Rectangular hyperbolas ==
[[File:Lukion_taulukot_(1993)-page033-image03.png |thumb|right|200px| Hyperbolas ''x y'' = ''a'' for ''a'' positive and negative]]
An alternate view of rectangular hyperbolas has the coordinate axes as asymptotes. In this case, the conjugate hyperbolas are related by reflection in an axis.</text>
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      <sha1>sy38b4mowgwspmfqb4in9capuy8ajxh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>The Linux Kernel/Multitasking/CPU</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>475313</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641691</id>
      <parentid>4641643</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T12:29:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>call hierarchy indentation: irq, workqueue, softirq, SMP</comment>
      <origin>4641691</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="51808" sha1="0or35pi59w3won4eq8ynm5f4cw0l2cc" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:Interrupts and CPU}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
== Interrupts ==
An {{w|interrupt}} is a signal to the processor emitted by hardware or software indicating an event that needs immediate attention.
An interrupt alerts the processor to a high-priority condition requiring the interruption of the current code the processor is executing.
The processor responds by suspending its current activities, saving its state, and executing a function called an ''interrupt handler'' (or an interrupt service routine, ISR) to deal with the event.
This interruption is temporary, and, after the interrupt handler finishes, the processor resumes normal activities.

There are two types of interrupts: hardware interrupts and software interrupts.
Hardware interrupts are used by devices to communicate that they require attention from the operating system.
For example, pressing a key on the keyboard or moving the mouse triggers hardware interrupts that cause the processor to read the keystroke or mouse position.
Unlike the software type, hardware interrupts are asynchronous and can occur in the middle of instruction execution, requiring additional care in programming.
The act of initiating a hardware interrupt is referred to as an ''interrupt request'' - IRQ ↪ {{w|Interrupt descriptor table|IDT}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|common_interrupt}} on x86.

A software interrupt is caused either by an exceptional condition in the processor itself, or a special instruction in the instruction set which causes an interrupt when it is executed.
The former is often called a ''{{w|Trap (computing)|trap}}'' (⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_trap}}) or ''exception'' and is used for errors or events occurring during program execution that are exceptional enough that they cannot be handled within the program itself.
For example, if the processor's arithmetic logic unit is commanded to divide a number by zero, this impossible demand will cause a ''divide-by-zero exception'' (⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|X86_TRAP_DE}}), perhaps causing the computer to abandon the calculation or display an error message.
Software interrupt instructions function similarly to subroutine calls and are used for a variety of purposes, such as to request services from low-level system software such as device drivers.
For example, computers often use software interrupt instructions to communicate with the disk controller to request data be read or written to the disk.

Each interrupt has its own interrupt handler.  The number of hardware interrupts is limited by the number of interrupt request (IRQ) lines to the processor, but there may be hundreds of different software interrupts.


⚲ API

: /proc/interrupts
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|irqtop}} &amp;ndash; utility to display kernel interrupt information
: [https://github.com/Irqbalance/irqbalance irqbalance] &amp;ndash; distribute hardware interrupts across processors on a multiprocessor system
: There are many ways to request ISR, two of them
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_threaded_irq}} &amp;ndash; preferable, managed device with threaded ISR
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_irq}} &amp;ndash; common function
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_threaded_irq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|free_irq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/interrupt.h}} &amp;ndash; main interrupt support header
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqaction}} &amp;ndash; contains handler functions 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irq.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irqflags.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqs_disabled}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_irq_save}} ...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_irq_disable}} ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irqdesc.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_desc}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irqdomain.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_domain}} &amp;ndash; hardware interrupt number translation object
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_domain_get_irq_data}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/msi.h}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Message Signaled Interrupts}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|msi_desc}}
: Structure of structures:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_desc}} is container of
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data}}
:::: irq &amp;ndash; interrupt number
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_common_data}}
::: list of {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqaction}}


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/settings.h}} &amp;ndash; IRQ descriptor status flags
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq}} &amp;ndash; generic IRQ handling
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/internals.h}} &amp;ndash; IRQ subsystem internal functions
: ls /sys/kernel/debug/irq/domains/
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_vector_domain}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_vector_domain_ops}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_chip}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|load_idt}} &amp;ndash; load Interrupt Descriptor Table
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h}} &amp;ndash; interrupt entry/exit definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/hw_irq.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 hardware IRQ definitions
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_entries_start}} &amp;ndash; hardware IRQ entry stubs
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/irq.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 interrupt handling
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|common_interrupt}} &amp;ndash; handles all normal device IRQs on x86

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|IRQs|core-api/irq}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The irq_domain interrupt number mapping library|core-api/irq/irq-domain.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux generic IRQ handling|core-api/genericirq.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Message Signaled Interrupts: The MSI Driver Guide|PCI/msi-howto.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Lock types and their rules|locking/locktypes.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Hard IRQ Context|kernel-hacking/locking.html#hard-irq-context}}
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/ Interrupts]


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dummy_irq_chip}} &amp;ndash; dummy interrupt chip implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/locking-selftest.c}} &amp;ndash; locking correctness self-tests


=== IRQ affinity ===

⚲ API
: /proc/irq/default_smp_affinity
: /proc/irq/*/smp_affinity and /proc/irq/*/smp_affinity_list


Common types and functions:
: struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_affinity}} &amp;ndash; description for automatic irq affinity assignments, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_platform_get_irqs_affinity}}
: struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_affinity_desc}} &amp;ndash; interrupt affinity descriptor, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_update_affinity_desc}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_create_affinity_masks}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_affinity}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_get_affinity_mask}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_can_set_affinity}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_affinity_hint}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqd_affinity_is_managed}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data_get_affinity_mask}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data_get_effective_affinity_mask}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data_update_effective_affinity}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_affinity_notifier}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_affinity_notify}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_chip_set_affinity_parent}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_vcpu_affinity}}


🛠️ Utilities
: [https://man.archlinux.org/man/extra/irqbalance/irqbalance.1.en irqbalance] – distributes hardware interrupts across CPUs


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|SMP IRQ affinity|core-api/irq/irq-affinity.html}}
: [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/tools/cpu-partitioning/start#irq_affinity IRQ affinity, LF]
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=managed_irq managed_irq kernel parameter], [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=managed_irq @LKML]
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=irqaffinity= irqaffinity kernel parameter], [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=irqaffinity @LKML]


=== Non-maskable interrupts ===

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nmi.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|in_nmi}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|touch_nmi_watchdog}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/nmi.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/nmi.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 NMI handler registration
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_nmi_handler}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unregister_nmi_handler}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 NMI handler
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/nmi_selftest.c}} &amp;ndash; NMI IPI self-tests


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NMI Trace Events|trace/events-nmi.html}}


📚 Further reading
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/linux-interrupts-6.html Non-maskable interrupt handler] (NMI)


=== ... ===

📚 Further reading about interrupts
: IDT &amp;ndash; {{w|Interrupt descriptor table}}
: [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/tools/ticklesskernel Tickless (Full dynticks)] reduces timer interrupts overhead, {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL}}
: [https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/lgdt:lidt LGDT/LIDT &amp;ndash; Load Global/Interrupt Descriptor Table Register] asm instruction

== Deferred works ==

=== Scheduler context ===

==== kthread work ====

This framework simplifies the use of kernel kthreads.
A {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_work}} item can be queued with {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_queue_work}} and flushed using {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_flush_work}}.
All queued kthread_work items are processed by a dedicated kernel thread executing the {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_worker_fn}} function.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_work}} &amp;ndash; contains {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_work_func_t}} to execute
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_init_work}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_flush_work}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_worker}} &amp;ndash; links a kthread_work and a task
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_run_worker}} &amp;ndash; creates and wakes a kthread worker
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create_worker}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_flush_worker}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_destroy_worker}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_queue_work}} &amp;ndash; queues a kthread_work on a kthread_worker


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__kthread_create_worker_on_node}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_worker_fn}} &amp;ndash; executes work's function


👁 Example usages
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|watchdog_kworker}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pwq_release_worker}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pump_messages}}

==== Threaded IRQ ====

⚲ API
{{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_threaded_irq}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_threaded_irq}}
ISR should return IRQ_WAKE_THREAD to run thread function

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|setup_irq_thread}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_thread}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/manage.c}} &amp;ndash; IRQ request, free and affinity management

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|request_threaded_irq|core-api/genericirq.html#c.request_threaded_irq}}


==== Work and workqueue ====

Generic async execution with shared worker pool.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|PF_WQ_WORKER}} &amp;ndash; workqueue worker process flag
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/workqueue.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/workqueue_types.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|work_struct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|INIT_WORK}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|delayed_work}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|INIT_DELAYED_WORK}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|cancel_delayed_work_sync}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|workqueue_struct}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_workqueue}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|destroy_workqueue}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|schedule_work}} &amp;ndash; queues work on the system workqueue ↯
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|queue_work}} &amp;ndash; queues work on a workqueue
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|queue_work_on}} &amp;ndash; on a specific CPU
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|show_all_workqueues}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|show_one_workqueue}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|system_power_efficient_wq}} ...


👁 Example usage {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/ftrace/sample-trace-array.c}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/workqueue.c}} &amp;ndash; generic async execution with shared worker pool
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|workqueue_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|create_worker}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|worker_thread}}
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|process_one_work}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|format_worker_id}} &amp;ndash; names kworker kthreads
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pool_workqueue}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|worker_pool}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Concurrency Managed Workqueue|core-api/workqueue.html}}

=== Interrupt context ===

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irq_work.h}} &amp;ndash; framework for enqueueing and running callbacks from hardirq context
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/trace_printk/trace-printk.c}}

==== Timers ====

===== softirq timer =====

This timer is a softirq for periodical tasks with jiffies resolution

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/timer.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_list}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_TIMER}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_setup}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mod_timer}} &amp;mdash; sets expiration time in jiffies. 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|del_timer}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/timer.c}} &amp;ndash; kernel internal timers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_bases}}


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_enable_softrepeat}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_start_autorepeat}}


📚 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Time and timer routines|driver-api/basics.html#time-and-timer-routines}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|mod_timer_pending ... |driver-api/basics.html#c.mod_timer_pending}}

===== High-resolution timer =====

⚲ API
: /proc/timer_list
: /proc/sys/kernel/timer_migration
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hrtimer_defs.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hrtimer.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer}}, hrtimer.function &amp;mdash; callback
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_setup}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_start}} &amp;mdash; starts a timer with nanosecond resolution 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_cancel}}


👁 Examples {{The Linux Kernel/id|alarm_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|watchdog_enable}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/tick-internal.h}} &amp;ndash; tick and timer internal definitions
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_bases}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/hrtimer.c}} &amp;ndash; high-resolution timer implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/itimer.c}} &amp;ndash; interval timers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/timer_list.c}} &amp;ndash; /proc/timer_list debugfs


📚 HR timers references
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|High-resolution timers|driver-api/basics.html#high-resolution-timers}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|hrtimers - subsystem for high-resolution kernel timers|timers/hrtimers.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|high resolution timers and dynamic ticks design notes|timers/highres.html}}

===== ... =====

📚 Timers references
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Timers|timers}}
: [https://lwn.net/Articles/913568/ Better CPU selection for timer expiration]

==== Tasklet ====

tasklet is a softirq, for time critical operations

⚲ API is deprecated in favor of threaded IRQs: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_threaded_irq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_struct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_schedule}} 


⚙️ Internals: {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_action_common}} HI_SOFTIRQ, TASKLET_SOFTIRQ


==== Softirq ====

softirq is internal system facility and should not be used directly.
Use tasklet or threaded IRQs

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/interrupt.h}}
: cat /proc/softirqs
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|open_softirq}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|softirq_action}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|raise_softirq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_schedule}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__tasklet_schedule}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/softirq.c}} &amp;ndash; software interrupt handling
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__do_softirq}} &amp;ndash; main softirq processing loop


📖 References
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/linux-interrupts-9.html Introduction to deferred interrupts (Softirq, Tasklets and Workqueues)]
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Timers/ Timers and time management]
: [https://linux-kernel-labs.github.io/refs/heads/master/labs/deferred_work.html Deferred work, linux-kernel-labs]
: [https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/linux-device-drivers/0596005903/ch07.html Chapter 7. Time, Delays, and Deferred Work]

==CPU specific==


🖱️ GUI
: [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/kinetic/en/man8/tuna.8.html tuna] &amp;ndash; program for tuning running processes


⚲ API
: cat /proc/cpuinfo
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/
: /sys/devices/system/node/
: /sys/cpu/
: /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/
: grep -i cpu /proc/self/status
: [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/jammy/man1/rdmsr.1.html rdmsr] &amp;ndash; tool for reading CPU machine specific registers (MSR)
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|lscpu}} &amp;ndash; display information about the CPU architecture

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/arch_topology.h}} &amp;ndash; arch specific cpu topology information 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu.h}} &amp;ndash; generic cpu definition 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu_cooling.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu_pm.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpufeature.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 CPU feature detection
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/peci-cpu.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/cputime.h}} &amp;ndash; cputime accounting APIs
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/clk.h}} &amp;ndash; interfaces for managing hardware clocks in device drivers


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU driver model subsystem
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_dev_init}}


=== Cache ===

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cacheflush.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cacheflush.h}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|clflush_cache_range}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cache.h}} &amp;ndash; cache line alignment macros
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|____cacheline_aligned}} &amp;ndash; align to cache line boundary to avoid false sharing
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__cacheline_aligned}} &amp;ndash; same, plus place in .data..cacheline_aligned section
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|____cacheline_aligned_in_smp}} &amp;ndash; same, but no-op on uniprocessor builds
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__read_mostly}} &amp;ndash; place in a cache-friendly section for rarely written data
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__ro_after_init}} &amp;ndash; writable during init, read-only after boot (security hardening)
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_PER_CPU_CACHE_HOT}} &amp;ndash; per-CPU variable in .data..hot section, used for {{The Linux Kernel/id|current_task}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|__preempt_count}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|L1_CACHE_BYTES}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|SMP_CACHE_BYTES}} &amp;ndash; 64 bytes typically
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cache.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 cache line size definitions

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dcache stress-ng --cache]

⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/mm/pat/set_memory.c}} &amp;ndash; page attribute table memory type control
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/}} &amp;ndash; memory type range register driver

📚 Further reading
: MTRR &amp;ndash; {{w|Memory type range register}}
: {{w|CPU cache}}

=== {{w|Symmetric_multiprocessing|SMP}} ===

This chapter is about multiprocessing and {{w|Multi-core processor|multi-core}} aspects of Linux kernel.

Key concepts and features of Linux SMP include:
* Symmetry: In an SMP system, all processors are considered the same without hardware hierarchy in contradiction to use of {{w|coprocessor}}s.
* Load balancing: The Linux kernel employs load balancing mechanisms to distribute tasks evenly among available CPU cores. This prevents any one core from becoming overwhelmed while others remain underutilized.
* Parallelism: SMP enables parallel processing, where multiple threads or processes can execute simultaneously on different CPU cores. This can significantly improve the execution speed of applications that are designed to take advantage of multiple threads.
* Thread scheduling: The Linux kernel scheduler is responsible for determining which threads or processes run on which CPU cores and for how long. It aims to optimize performance by minimizing contention and maximizing CPU utilization.
* Shared memory: In an SMP system, all CPU cores typically share the same physical memory space. This allows processes and threads running on different cores to communicate and share data more efficiently.
* NUMA &amp;ndash; {{w|Non-Uniform Memory Access}}: In larger SMP systems, memory access times might not be uniform due to the physical arrangement of memory banks and processors. Linux has mechanisms to handle NUMA architectures efficiently, allowing processes to be scheduled on CPUs closer to their associated memory.
* Cache coherency: SMP systems require mechanisms to ensure that all CPU cores have consistent views of memory. Cache coherency protocols ensure that changes made to shared memory locations are correctly propagated to all cores.
* Scalability: SMP systems can be scaled up to include more CPU cores, enhancing the overall computing power of the system. However, as the number of cores increases, challenges related to memory access, contention, and communication between cores may arise.
* Kernel and user space: Linux applications running in user space can take advantage of SMP without needing to be aware of the underlying hardware details. The kernel handles the management of CPU cores and resource allocation.


⚲ API
: &lt;code&gt;ps -PLe&lt;/code&gt; &amp;ndash; lists threads with processor that the thread last executed on (the third column PSR).
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getcpu}} &amp;ndash; determine CPU and NUMA node on which the calling thread is running
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|chcpu}} &amp;ndash; configure CPUs
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|CPU_SET}} &amp;ndash; macros for manipulating CPU sets
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/smp.h}}
:: The most commonly used functions:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|crash_smp_send_stop}} – halts all CPUs except the calling one in a crash context
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_cpu}} – disables preemption and returns the current processor ID
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu}} – runs a given function on all CPUs, possibly with synchronization
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu_cond_mask}} – conditionally runs a function on selected CPUs
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu_mask}} – executes a function on a specified set of CPUs
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu_cond_mask}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|panic_smp_self_stop}} – stops the local CPU during a panic while ensuring others halt
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|put_cpu}} – re-enables preemption after a previous get_cpu call
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|raw_smp_processor_id}} – returns the current CPU ID without preemption safety
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|setup_max_cpus}} – sets up the maximum number of CPUs to be brought online
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_func_t}} – typedef for the function signature used in SMP function calls
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function}} – invokes a function on all other CPUs via IPI
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_many}} – sends a function call to a specified set of CPUs via IPI
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_any}} – runs a function on any available CPU in a given mask
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_single}} – sends a function to execute on a single target CPU via IPI
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_single_async}} – queues a function to run asynchronously on one CPU
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_on_cpu}} – executes a function on a specific CPU and waits for the result
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_init}} – initializes core SMP structures and state during boot
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_prepare_boot_cpu}} – prepares the boot CPU during early SMP initialization
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_prepare_cpus}} – prepares all CPUs for booting before secondary CPUs are started
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_processor_id}} – returns the ID of the current CPU with preemption checks
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_send_reschedule}} – sends a reschedule IPI to a target CPU
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_send_stop}} – stops all other CPUs in response to critical events
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wake_up_all_idle_cpus}} – wakes all idle CPUs to ensure prompt task execution
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/group_cpus.h}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|group_cpus_evenly}} &amp;ndash; groups all CPUs evenly per NUMA/CPU locality
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/percpu.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu-defs.h}} &amp;ndash; basic definitions for percpu areas
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|this_cpu_ptr}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu-refcount.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu-rwsem.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/preempt.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|migrate_disable}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|migrate_enable}}
: /sys/bus/cpu
: [[#per_CPU_local_lock|per CPU local_lock]]
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/topology.h}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_to_node}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|numa_node_id}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/topology.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 NUMA and CPU topology
: See also [[../../Memory#NUMA|NUMA memory section]]


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|boot_cpu_init}} activates the first CPU
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_prepare_cpus}} initializes rest CPUs during boot
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_number}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_SMP}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_NUMA}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/percpu.h}}
: IPI &amp;ndash; {{w|Inter-processor interrupt}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/ipi.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/file|kernel/irq/ipi.c}} &amp;ndash; inter-processor interrupt helpers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ipi_send_single}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|ipi_send_mask}} ...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/file|drivers/base/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU driver model subsystem support
:: {{The Linux Kernel/file|kernel/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU hotplug state machine
: smpboot
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/smpboot.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/smpboot.c}} &amp;ndash; common SMP CPU bringup/teardown
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 SMP booting
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/group_cpus.c}} &amp;ndash; distribute CPUs evenly across groups


🛠️ Utilities
: [https://man.archlinux.org/man/extra/irqbalance/irqbalance.1.en irqbalance] – distributes hardware interrupts across CPUs
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|numactl}} &amp;ndash; controls NUMA policy for processes or shared memory


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Per-CPU Data|kernel-hacking/locking.html#per-cpu-data}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|How CPU topology info is exported via sysfs|admin-guide/cputopology.html}}


📚 Further reading
: [https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/monitoring_and_managing_system_status_and_performance/customizing-tuned-profiles_monitoring-and-managing-system-status-and-performance#functionalities-of-the-scheduler-tuned-plug-in_customizing-tuned-profiles Functionalities of the scheduler TuneD plugin]
: [https://man.archlinux.org/man/tuned-adm.8 tuned-adm] &amp;ndash; command line tool for switching between different tuning profiles


==== CPU affinity ====

Affinity refers to assigning a process or thread to specific CPU cores.
This helps control which CPUs execute tasks, potentially improving performance by reducing data movement between cores.
It can be managed using system calls or commands.
Affinity can be represented as CPU bitmask: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_t}} or CPU affinity list: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpulist_parse}}.


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|taskset}} &amp;ndash; set or retrieve a process's CPU affinity
: grep Cpus_allowed /proc/self/status
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_setaffinity}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_getaffinity}} &amp;ndash; set and get a thread's CPU affinity mask
:: ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_setaffinity}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|set_cpus_allowed_ptr}} &amp;ndash; common kernel function to change a task's affinity mask
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu_rmap.h}} &amp;ndash; CPU affinity reverse-map support
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpumask_types.h}}
:: struct cpumask, {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_t}} &amp;ndash; CPUs bitmap, can be very big
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_var_t}} &amp;ndash; type for local cpumask variable, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_cpumask_var}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|free_cpumask_var}}.
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpumask.h}} &amp;ndash; Cpumasks provide a bitmap suitable for representing the set of CPU's in a system, one bit position per CPU number
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|for_each_possible_cpu}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|num_online_cpus}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_set_cpu}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_test_cpu}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|for_each_cpu}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpus_mask}} &amp;ndash; affinity of {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpus_allowed}} &amp;ndash; affinity of {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset}}


📚 Further reading
: {{w|Processor affinity}}
: {{w|Affinity mask}}

==== CPU hotplug ====

CPU hotplugging in Linux refers to the ability to dynamically add or remove CPUs from the system without needing a reboot.
This feature is crucial in environments requiring high availability and resource flexibility, such as data centers, virtualized systems, and systems that use power management aggressively.


🗝️ Acronyms
: BP &amp;ndash; Bootstrap Processor
: AP &amp;ndash; Application Processor


⚲ API
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/online
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/hotplug/
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_cpu}} ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuhotplug.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_state}} &amp;ndash; CPU hotplug states 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_setup_state}} ... &amp;ndash; setups hotplug state callbacks
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_setup_state_multi}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuhplock.h}} &amp;ndash; CPU hotplug locking
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpus_read_lock}} ...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|remove_cpu}} ...


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU hotplug state machine
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_state}} &amp;ndash; from CPUHP_OFFLINE to CPUHP_AP_ACTIVE and CPUHP_ONLINE.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_hp_states}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|boot_cpu_hotplug_init}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_threads_init}}
:: ... {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_invoke_callback_range}} ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/cpuhotplug.c}} &amp;ndash; IRQ migration on CPU hotunplug
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU subsystem support
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_dev_init}}
::: ... {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_subsys_online}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/cpuhp.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuhplock.h}}


👁️ Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|torture_onoff}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/testing/selftests/sched_ext/hotplug.c}} &amp;ndash; sched_ext CPU hotplug test


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU hotplug in the Kernel|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Introduction|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#introduction}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Command Line Switches|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#command-line-switches}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU maps|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#cpu-maps}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Using CPU hotplug|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#using-cpu-hotplug}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The CPU hotplug coordination|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#the-cpu-hotplug-coordination}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The CPU hotplug API|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#the-cpu-hotplug-api}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU hotplug state machine|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#cpu-hotplug-state-machine}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU online/offline operations|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#cpu-online-offline-operations}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Allocating a state|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#allocating-a-state}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Setup of a CPU hotplug state|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#setup-of-a-cpu-hotplug-state}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Removal of a CPU hotplug state|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#removal-of-a-cpu-hotplug-state}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Instance state instance management|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#multi-instance-state-instance-management}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Examples|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#examples}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Testing of hotplug states|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#testing-of-hotplug-states}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Architecture’s requirements|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#architecture-s-requirements}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|User Space Notification|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#user-space-notification}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Inline Documentations Reference|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#kernel-inline-documentations-reference}}
 

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dcpu%2Donline stress-ng --cpu-online]

📚 Further reading
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CPU_HOTPLUG_STATE_CONTROL}} &amp;ndash; enables the ability to write incremental steps between &quot;offline&quot; and &quot;online&quot; states to the CPU's sysfs target file, allowing for more granular control of state transitions.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|target_store}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_up}}/{{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_down}}
: [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=cpuhotplug+OR+cpuhp cpuhotplug, cpuhp @LKML]

==== CPU isolation ====

CPU isolation ensures that specific tasks run on dedicated CPUs, reducing contention and latency.

'''Housekeeping''' CPUs refer to the CPUs that are reserved for various '''system''' tasks. See {{The Linux Kernel/id|hk_type}}.

'''Isolated''' CPUs are dedicated to '''real-time''' applications, such as DPDK.

⚲ API
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/isolated
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/nohz_full
: [https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#:~:text=cpuset.cpus.isolated /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset.cpus.isolated]
: [https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#:~:text=Partition%20root%20without%20load%20balancing /sys/fs/cgroup/.../cpuset.cpus.partition]
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/isolation.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hk_type}} &amp;ndash; housekeeping type
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_cpumask}} &amp;ndash; returns CPUs available for housekeeping of a given type
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_is_isolated}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuset.h}} &amp;ndash; cpuset interface
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|cpuset}} &amp;ndash; confine processes to processor and memory node subsets


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CPU_ISOLATION}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/isolation.c}} &amp;ndash; housekeeping CPU management
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_update}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CPUSETS}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c}} &amp;ndash; cpuset cgroup controller
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset_init_smp}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|isolated_cpus}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|partition_xcpus_add}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|partition_xcpus_del}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU lists in command-line parameters|admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html#cpu-lists}}
:: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=nohz_full= '''nohz_full'''] clears housekeeping.{{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumasks}} for tick, wq, timer, rcu, misc, and kthread in {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_nohz_full_setup}}
:: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=isolcpus '''isolcpus'''] clears housekeeping.{{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumasks}} for [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=domain%20isolation domain] (by default), [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=nohz nohz], and [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=managed_irq managed_irq] in {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_isolcpus_setup}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Housekeeping|core-api/housekeeping.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NO_HZ: Reducing Scheduling-Clock Ticks|timers/no_hz.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPUSETS of cgroup v2|admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#cpuset}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPUSETS of cgroup v1|admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.html}}


📚 Further reading
: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lomUhSS82s CPU Isolation state of the art, LPC'23]
: [https://lpc.events/event/19/contributions/2219/ CPU Isolation and IPI interference, LPC'25]
: [https://www.suse.com/c/cpu-isolation-introduction-part-1/ CPU Isolation]
: [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=isolcpus isolcpus @LKML]
: [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=housekeeping housekeeping @LKML]
: [https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/reserve-compute-resources/#explicitly-reserved-cpu-list Explicitly Reserved CPU List, Kubernetes Documentation]
: [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/tools/cpu-partitioning/start CPU Partitioning]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Scheduler Domains|scheduler/sched-domains.html}} &amp;ndash; the Scheduler balances CPUs (scheduling groups) within a sched domain
: [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=nohz_full nohz_full @LKML]

💾 Historical since v7.0
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset_cpu_is_isolated}} &amp;ndash; removed, use {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_is_isolated}} instead

=== Runtime code patching ===

The kernel patches its own machine code at boot or runtime to optimize hot paths.
Static keys patch a {{w|NOP_(code)|NOP}} to a jump (or vice versa); static calls patch indirect calls to direct calls; alternatives replace instructions based on CPU features.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/jump_label.h}} &amp;ndash; static keys
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE}} &amp;ndash; define a key, initially false
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_branch_unlikely}} &amp;ndash; zero-cost branch check (NOP when key is false)
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_branch_enable}} &amp;ndash; patch all sites to take the branch (expensive, rare use)
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/static_call.h}} &amp;ndash; static calls
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_STATIC_CALL}} &amp;ndash; define a call site with initial target function
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_call}} &amp;ndash; invoke the patched direct call
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_call_update}} &amp;ndash; change target function, patch all sites
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h}} &amp;ndash; alternatives
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ALTERNATIVE}} &amp;ndash; replace instructions at boot based on CPU features
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h}} &amp;ndash; X86_FEATURE_* flags


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/jump_label.c}} &amp;ndash; static key patching core
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 static key patching
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_HAVE_STATIC_CALL}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/static_call_inline.c}} &amp;ndash; static call core
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/static_call.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 static call patching
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h}} &amp;ndash; runtime instruction patching
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 alternatives engine


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_overridden}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_schedule}}
: tracepoints


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Static Keys|staging/static-keys.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86 CPU feature flags|arch/x86/cpuinfo.html}}


=== {{w|Memory barrier}}s ===

Memory barriers (MB) are synchronization mechanisms used to ensure proper ordering of memory operations in a SMP environment.
They play a crucial role in maintaining the consistency and correctness of data shared among different CPU cores or processors.
MBs prevent unexpected and potentially harmful reordering of memory access instructions by the compiler or CPU, which can lead to data corruption and race conditions in a concurrent software system.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|membarrier}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/barrier.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|rmb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|wmb}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_mb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_rmb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_wmb}}


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 memory barrier instructions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/membarrier.c}} &amp;ndash; membarrier system call


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Memory barriers|core-api/wrappers/memory-barriers.html}}


=== States ===

C-states and P-states are features in modern CPUs designed to improve energy efficiency.

🗝️ Acronyms
: [https://uefi.org/htmlspecs/ACPI_Spec_6_4_html/08_Processor_Configuration_and_Control/processor-power-states.html C-states] &amp;ndash; CPU(?) states, aka idle states
: EPP &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy Performance Preference|admin-guide/pm/amd-pstate.html#energy-performance-preference-epp-rw}}
: HWP &amp;ndash; hardware-managed P-states, see [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=hwp_only hwp_only]
: [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/socwatch/user-guide/2020/p-state.html P-states] &amp;ndash; Performance states, see CPU Power and frequency scaling


⚲ API
: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpupower cpupower]


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Working-State Power Management|admin-guide/pm/working-state.html}}
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management


==== Idle ====


C-states, {{w|ACPI#Processor_states|power states}}:
: C0 &amp;ndash; the operating state.
: C1 (aka Halt) &amp;ndash; the processor is not executing instructions, but can return to an executing state instantaneously.
: C2 (aka Stop-Clock) &amp;ndash; the processor maintains all software-visible state, but may take longer to wake up.
: C3 (aka Sleep) &amp;ndash; takes longer to wake up.
: ...


⚲ API
: turbostat --show CPU --quiet -n 1 --interval 0.1 --show sysfs
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=idle= idle=]
: /dev/cpu_dma_latency &amp;ndash; see {{The Linux Kernel/id|set_cpu_dma_latency}}
: C-states interfaces:
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpuidle/
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuidle.h}} &amp;ndash; a generic framework for CPU idle power management 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|intel_idle CPU Idle Time Management Driver|admin-guide/pm/intel_idle.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_qos.h}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/cpuidle}} &amp;ndash; CPU idle governors and drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/power/qos.c}} &amp;ndash; PM quality of service
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_latency_qos_miscdev}} &amp;ndash; implementation of /dev/cpu_dma_latency


📖 References
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU Idle Time Management|admin-guide/pm/cpuidle.html}}


📚 Further reading
:: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management-cpuidle
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|PM Quality Of Service Interface|power/pm_qos_interface.html}}

==== Power and frequency ====


P-states, {{w|ACPI#Performance_state|performance states}}:
: P0 &amp;ndash; maximum power and frequency
: Pn &amp;ndash; less power and frequency
: ...


⚲ API
: Reliable measurement of actual CPU frequency
:: [https://manpages.debian.org/testing/linux-cpupower/turbostat.8.en.html turbostat] --quiet --show CPU,Bzy_MHz -n 1 --interval 0.1
::: Bzy_MHz &amp;ndash; average clock rate while the CPU was not idle (ie. in &quot;c0&quot; state).
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=intel_pstate intel_pstate=]
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Command Line Options for intel_pstate|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#kernel-command-line-options-for-intel-pstate}}
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=cpufreq.default_governor cpufreq.default_governor=]
: P-states interfaces:
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/
::: scaling_cur_freq &amp;ndash; unreliable assumption on CPU frequency
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpufreq.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/cpufreq.h}} &amp;ndash; interface between cpufreq drivers and the scheduler


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/cpufreq}} &amp;ndash; CPU frequency scaling drivers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|intel_pstate}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|acpi_cpufreq_driver}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/cpufreq_schedutil.c}} &amp;ndash; implementation of cpufreq.default_governor=schedutil
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_epb.c}} &amp;ndash; Intel Performance and Energy Bias Hint support


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU Performance Scaling|admin-guide/pm/cpufreq.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device Frequency Scaling|driver-api/devfreq.html}}
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt CPUFreq Governor]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPUFreq - CPU frequency and voltage scaling|cpu-freq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Intel Performance and Energy Bias Hint|admin-guide/pm/intel_epb.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|intel_pstate CPU Performance Scaling Driver|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|General Information|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#general-information}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Operation Modes|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#operation-modes}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Active Mode|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#active-mode}}
&lt;!--
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Active Mode With HWP|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#active-mode-with-hwp}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|HWP + performance|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#hwp-performance}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|HWP + powersave|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#hwp-powersave}} 
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Active Mode Without HWP|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#active-mode-without-hwp}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|performance|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#performance}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|powersave|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#powersave}} 
--&gt;
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Passive Mode|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#passive-mode}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Turbo P-states Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#turbo-p-states-support}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Processor Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#processor-support}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Support for Hybrid Processors|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#support-for-hybrid-processors}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Hybrid Processors with SMT|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#hybrid-processors-with-smt}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Capacity-Aware Scheduling Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#capacity-aware-scheduling-support}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy-Aware Scheduling Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#energy-aware-scheduling-support}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|User Space Interface in sysfs|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#user-space-interface-in-sysfs}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Global Attributes|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#global-attributes}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Interpretation of Policy Attributes|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#interpretation-of-policy-attributes}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Coordination of P-State Limits|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#coordination-of-p-state-limits}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy vs Performance Hints|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#energy-vs-performance-hints}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|intel_pstate vs acpi-cpufreq|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#intel-pstate-vs-acpi-cpufreq}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Command Line Options for intel_pstate|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#kernel-command-line-options-for-intel-pstate}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Diagnostics and Tuning|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#diagnostics-and-tuning}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Trace Events|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#trace-events}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ftrace|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#ftrace}} 
&lt;!-- end of intel_pstate.html --&gt;


📚 Further reading
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management-Frequency_scaling
: [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/CPU_frequency_scaling CPU frequency scaling]
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/device-drivers|cpufreq}}
: [https://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_use_cpufrequtils How to use cpufrequtils] 
:: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpufreq-info cpufreq-info]
:: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpufreq-set cpufreq-set]
: https://github.com/intel/power-optimization-library
: https://github.com/intel/kubernetes-power-manager

=== Architectures ===

Linux CPU architectures refer to the different types of central processing units (CPUs) that are compatible with the Linux operating system.
Linux is designed to run on a wide range of CPU architectures, which allows it to be utilized on various devices, from smartphones to servers and supercomputers.
Each architecture has its own unique features, advantages, and design considerations.

Architectures are classified by family (e.g. x86, ARM), {{w|Word (computer architecture)|word}} or {{w|Integer_(computer_science)#Long_integer|long int}} size (e.g. {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_32BIT}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_64BIT}}).


Some functions with different implementations for different CPU architectures: 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_boot_cpu}} &gt; {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_secondary}} &gt; {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|setup_arch}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_thread}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_current}}, {{Linux ident|current}}

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|BITS_PER_LONG}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|__BITS_PER_LONG}}, 

⚙️ Arch internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch}} &amp;ndash; architecture-specific code
:: '''x86'''
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_X86}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86}} &amp;ndash; x86 architecture support
::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/platform/x86}} &amp;ndash; x86 platform drivers
::: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Architectures-x86
::: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-intel-pt}} &amp;ndash; support for Intel Processor Trace within perf
:: '''ARM'''
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_ARM}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/arm}}, {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ARM Architecture|arch/arm}}
::: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Architectures-ARM
::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/arm64}}, {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ARM64 Architecture|arm64}}
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Initialization/linux-initialization-5.html architecture-specific initialization]


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU Architectures|arch}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86-specific|arch/x86}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86_64 Support|arch/x86/x86_64}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
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      <id>4641706</id>
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      <contributor>
        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>devm_ wrappers with call hierarchy: irq, workqueue</comment>
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      <text bytes="51902" sha1="68gumw4njtrqach20imtv6tt1ppv91q" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:Interrupts and CPU}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
== Interrupts ==
An {{w|interrupt}} is a signal to the processor emitted by hardware or software indicating an event that needs immediate attention.
An interrupt alerts the processor to a high-priority condition requiring the interruption of the current code the processor is executing.
The processor responds by suspending its current activities, saving its state, and executing a function called an ''interrupt handler'' (or an interrupt service routine, ISR) to deal with the event.
This interruption is temporary, and, after the interrupt handler finishes, the processor resumes normal activities.

There are two types of interrupts: hardware interrupts and software interrupts.
Hardware interrupts are used by devices to communicate that they require attention from the operating system.
For example, pressing a key on the keyboard or moving the mouse triggers hardware interrupts that cause the processor to read the keystroke or mouse position.
Unlike the software type, hardware interrupts are asynchronous and can occur in the middle of instruction execution, requiring additional care in programming.
The act of initiating a hardware interrupt is referred to as an ''interrupt request'' - IRQ ↪ {{w|Interrupt descriptor table|IDT}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|common_interrupt}} on x86.

A software interrupt is caused either by an exceptional condition in the processor itself, or a special instruction in the instruction set which causes an interrupt when it is executed.
The former is often called a ''{{w|Trap (computing)|trap}}'' (⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_trap}}) or ''exception'' and is used for errors or events occurring during program execution that are exceptional enough that they cannot be handled within the program itself.
For example, if the processor's arithmetic logic unit is commanded to divide a number by zero, this impossible demand will cause a ''divide-by-zero exception'' (⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|X86_TRAP_DE}}), perhaps causing the computer to abandon the calculation or display an error message.
Software interrupt instructions function similarly to subroutine calls and are used for a variety of purposes, such as to request services from low-level system software such as device drivers.
For example, computers often use software interrupt instructions to communicate with the disk controller to request data be read or written to the disk.

Each interrupt has its own interrupt handler.  The number of hardware interrupts is limited by the number of interrupt request (IRQ) lines to the processor, but there may be hundreds of different software interrupts.


⚲ API

: /proc/interrupts
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|irqtop}} &amp;ndash; utility to display kernel interrupt information
: [https://github.com/Irqbalance/irqbalance irqbalance] &amp;ndash; distribute hardware interrupts across processors on a multiprocessor system
: There are many ways to request ISR, two of them
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_threaded_irq}} &amp;ndash; preferable, managed device with threaded ISR
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_irq}} &amp;ndash; managed version
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_irq}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_threaded_irq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|free_irq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/interrupt.h}} &amp;ndash; main interrupt support header
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqaction}} &amp;ndash; contains handler functions 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irq.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irqflags.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqs_disabled}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_irq_save}} ...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_irq_disable}} ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irqdesc.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_desc}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irqdomain.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_domain}} &amp;ndash; hardware interrupt number translation object
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_domain_get_irq_data}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/msi.h}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Message Signaled Interrupts}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|msi_desc}}
: Structure of structures:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_desc}} is container of
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data}}
:::: irq &amp;ndash; interrupt number
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_common_data}}
::: list of {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqaction}}


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/settings.h}} &amp;ndash; IRQ descriptor status flags
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq}} &amp;ndash; generic IRQ handling
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/internals.h}} &amp;ndash; IRQ subsystem internal functions
: ls /sys/kernel/debug/irq/domains/
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_vector_domain}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_vector_domain_ops}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_chip}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|load_idt}} &amp;ndash; load Interrupt Descriptor Table
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h}} &amp;ndash; interrupt entry/exit definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/hw_irq.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 hardware IRQ definitions
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_entries_start}} &amp;ndash; hardware IRQ entry stubs
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/irq.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 interrupt handling
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|common_interrupt}} &amp;ndash; handles all normal device IRQs on x86

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|IRQs|core-api/irq}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The irq_domain interrupt number mapping library|core-api/irq/irq-domain.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux generic IRQ handling|core-api/genericirq.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Message Signaled Interrupts: The MSI Driver Guide|PCI/msi-howto.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Lock types and their rules|locking/locktypes.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Hard IRQ Context|kernel-hacking/locking.html#hard-irq-context}}
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/ Interrupts]


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dummy_irq_chip}} &amp;ndash; dummy interrupt chip implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/locking-selftest.c}} &amp;ndash; locking correctness self-tests


=== IRQ affinity ===

⚲ API
: /proc/irq/default_smp_affinity
: /proc/irq/*/smp_affinity and /proc/irq/*/smp_affinity_list


Common types and functions:
: struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_affinity}} &amp;ndash; description for automatic irq affinity assignments, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_platform_get_irqs_affinity}}
: struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_affinity_desc}} &amp;ndash; interrupt affinity descriptor, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_update_affinity_desc}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_create_affinity_masks}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_affinity}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_get_affinity_mask}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_can_set_affinity}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_affinity_hint}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqd_affinity_is_managed}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data_get_affinity_mask}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data_get_effective_affinity_mask}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data_update_effective_affinity}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_affinity_notifier}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_affinity_notify}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_chip_set_affinity_parent}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_vcpu_affinity}}


🛠️ Utilities
: [https://man.archlinux.org/man/extra/irqbalance/irqbalance.1.en irqbalance] – distributes hardware interrupts across CPUs


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|SMP IRQ affinity|core-api/irq/irq-affinity.html}}
: [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/tools/cpu-partitioning/start#irq_affinity IRQ affinity, LF]
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=managed_irq managed_irq kernel parameter], [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=managed_irq @LKML]
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=irqaffinity= irqaffinity kernel parameter], [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=irqaffinity @LKML]


=== Non-maskable interrupts ===

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nmi.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|in_nmi}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|touch_nmi_watchdog}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/nmi.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/nmi.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 NMI handler registration
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_nmi_handler}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unregister_nmi_handler}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 NMI handler
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/nmi_selftest.c}} &amp;ndash; NMI IPI self-tests


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NMI Trace Events|trace/events-nmi.html}}


📚 Further reading
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/linux-interrupts-6.html Non-maskable interrupt handler] (NMI)


=== ... ===

📚 Further reading about interrupts
: IDT &amp;ndash; {{w|Interrupt descriptor table}}
: [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/tools/ticklesskernel Tickless (Full dynticks)] reduces timer interrupts overhead, {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL}}
: [https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/lgdt:lidt LGDT/LIDT &amp;ndash; Load Global/Interrupt Descriptor Table Register] asm instruction

== Deferred works ==

=== Scheduler context ===

==== kthread work ====

This framework simplifies the use of kernel kthreads.
A {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_work}} item can be queued with {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_queue_work}} and flushed using {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_flush_work}}.
All queued kthread_work items are processed by a dedicated kernel thread executing the {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_worker_fn}} function.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_work}} &amp;ndash; contains {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_work_func_t}} to execute
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_init_work}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_flush_work}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_worker}} &amp;ndash; links a kthread_work and a task
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_run_worker}} &amp;ndash; creates and wakes a kthread worker
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create_worker}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_flush_worker}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_destroy_worker}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_queue_work}} &amp;ndash; queues a kthread_work on a kthread_worker


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__kthread_create_worker_on_node}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_worker_fn}} &amp;ndash; executes work's function


👁 Example usages
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|watchdog_kworker}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pwq_release_worker}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pump_messages}}

==== Threaded IRQ ====

⚲ API
{{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_threaded_irq}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_threaded_irq}}
ISR should return IRQ_WAKE_THREAD to run thread function

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|setup_irq_thread}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_thread}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/manage.c}} &amp;ndash; IRQ request, free and affinity management

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|request_threaded_irq|core-api/genericirq.html#c.request_threaded_irq}}


==== Work and workqueue ====

Generic async execution with shared worker pool.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|PF_WQ_WORKER}} &amp;ndash; workqueue worker process flag
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/workqueue.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/workqueue_types.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|work_struct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|INIT_WORK}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|delayed_work}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|INIT_DELAYED_WORK}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|cancel_delayed_work_sync}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|workqueue_struct}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_alloc_workqueue}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_workqueue}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|destroy_workqueue}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|schedule_work}} &amp;ndash; queues work on the system workqueue ↯
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|queue_work}} &amp;ndash; queues work on a workqueue
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|queue_work_on}} &amp;ndash; on a specific CPU
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|show_all_workqueues}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|show_one_workqueue}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|system_power_efficient_wq}} ...


👁 Example usage {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/ftrace/sample-trace-array.c}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/workqueue.c}} &amp;ndash; generic async execution with shared worker pool
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|workqueue_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|create_worker}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|worker_thread}}
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|process_one_work}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|format_worker_id}} &amp;ndash; names kworker kthreads
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pool_workqueue}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|worker_pool}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Concurrency Managed Workqueue|core-api/workqueue.html}}

=== Interrupt context ===

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irq_work.h}} &amp;ndash; framework for enqueueing and running callbacks from hardirq context
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/trace_printk/trace-printk.c}}

==== Timers ====

===== softirq timer =====

This timer is a softirq for periodical tasks with jiffies resolution

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/timer.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_list}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_TIMER}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_setup}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mod_timer}} &amp;mdash; sets expiration time in jiffies. 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|del_timer}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/timer.c}} &amp;ndash; kernel internal timers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_bases}}


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_enable_softrepeat}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_start_autorepeat}}


📚 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Time and timer routines|driver-api/basics.html#time-and-timer-routines}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|mod_timer_pending ... |driver-api/basics.html#c.mod_timer_pending}}

===== High-resolution timer =====

⚲ API
: /proc/timer_list
: /proc/sys/kernel/timer_migration
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hrtimer_defs.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hrtimer.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer}}, hrtimer.function &amp;mdash; callback
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_setup}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_start}} &amp;mdash; starts a timer with nanosecond resolution 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_cancel}}


👁 Examples {{The Linux Kernel/id|alarm_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|watchdog_enable}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/tick-internal.h}} &amp;ndash; tick and timer internal definitions
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_bases}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/hrtimer.c}} &amp;ndash; high-resolution timer implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/itimer.c}} &amp;ndash; interval timers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/timer_list.c}} &amp;ndash; /proc/timer_list debugfs


📚 HR timers references
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|High-resolution timers|driver-api/basics.html#high-resolution-timers}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|hrtimers - subsystem for high-resolution kernel timers|timers/hrtimers.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|high resolution timers and dynamic ticks design notes|timers/highres.html}}

===== ... =====

📚 Timers references
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Timers|timers}}
: [https://lwn.net/Articles/913568/ Better CPU selection for timer expiration]

==== Tasklet ====

tasklet is a softirq, for time critical operations

⚲ API is deprecated in favor of threaded IRQs: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_threaded_irq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_struct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_schedule}} 


⚙️ Internals: {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_action_common}} HI_SOFTIRQ, TASKLET_SOFTIRQ


==== Softirq ====

softirq is internal system facility and should not be used directly.
Use tasklet or threaded IRQs

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/interrupt.h}}
: cat /proc/softirqs
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|open_softirq}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|softirq_action}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|raise_softirq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_schedule}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__tasklet_schedule}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/softirq.c}} &amp;ndash; software interrupt handling
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__do_softirq}} &amp;ndash; main softirq processing loop


📖 References
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/linux-interrupts-9.html Introduction to deferred interrupts (Softirq, Tasklets and Workqueues)]
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Timers/ Timers and time management]
: [https://linux-kernel-labs.github.io/refs/heads/master/labs/deferred_work.html Deferred work, linux-kernel-labs]
: [https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/linux-device-drivers/0596005903/ch07.html Chapter 7. Time, Delays, and Deferred Work]

==CPU specific==


🖱️ GUI
: [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/kinetic/en/man8/tuna.8.html tuna] &amp;ndash; program for tuning running processes


⚲ API
: cat /proc/cpuinfo
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/
: /sys/devices/system/node/
: /sys/cpu/
: /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/
: grep -i cpu /proc/self/status
: [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/jammy/man1/rdmsr.1.html rdmsr] &amp;ndash; tool for reading CPU machine specific registers (MSR)
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|lscpu}} &amp;ndash; display information about the CPU architecture

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/arch_topology.h}} &amp;ndash; arch specific cpu topology information 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu.h}} &amp;ndash; generic cpu definition 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu_cooling.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu_pm.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpufeature.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 CPU feature detection
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/peci-cpu.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/cputime.h}} &amp;ndash; cputime accounting APIs
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/clk.h}} &amp;ndash; interfaces for managing hardware clocks in device drivers


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU driver model subsystem
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_dev_init}}


=== Cache ===

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cacheflush.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cacheflush.h}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|clflush_cache_range}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cache.h}} &amp;ndash; cache line alignment macros
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|____cacheline_aligned}} &amp;ndash; align to cache line boundary to avoid false sharing
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__cacheline_aligned}} &amp;ndash; same, plus place in .data..cacheline_aligned section
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|____cacheline_aligned_in_smp}} &amp;ndash; same, but no-op on uniprocessor builds
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__read_mostly}} &amp;ndash; place in a cache-friendly section for rarely written data
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__ro_after_init}} &amp;ndash; writable during init, read-only after boot (security hardening)
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_PER_CPU_CACHE_HOT}} &amp;ndash; per-CPU variable in .data..hot section, used for {{The Linux Kernel/id|current_task}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|__preempt_count}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|L1_CACHE_BYTES}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|SMP_CACHE_BYTES}} &amp;ndash; 64 bytes typically
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cache.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 cache line size definitions

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dcache stress-ng --cache]

⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/mm/pat/set_memory.c}} &amp;ndash; page attribute table memory type control
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/}} &amp;ndash; memory type range register driver

📚 Further reading
: MTRR &amp;ndash; {{w|Memory type range register}}
: {{w|CPU cache}}

=== {{w|Symmetric_multiprocessing|SMP}} ===

This chapter is about multiprocessing and {{w|Multi-core processor|multi-core}} aspects of Linux kernel.

Key concepts and features of Linux SMP include:
* Symmetry: In an SMP system, all processors are considered the same without hardware hierarchy in contradiction to use of {{w|coprocessor}}s.
* Load balancing: The Linux kernel employs load balancing mechanisms to distribute tasks evenly among available CPU cores. This prevents any one core from becoming overwhelmed while others remain underutilized.
* Parallelism: SMP enables parallel processing, where multiple threads or processes can execute simultaneously on different CPU cores. This can significantly improve the execution speed of applications that are designed to take advantage of multiple threads.
* Thread scheduling: The Linux kernel scheduler is responsible for determining which threads or processes run on which CPU cores and for how long. It aims to optimize performance by minimizing contention and maximizing CPU utilization.
* Shared memory: In an SMP system, all CPU cores typically share the same physical memory space. This allows processes and threads running on different cores to communicate and share data more efficiently.
* NUMA &amp;ndash; {{w|Non-Uniform Memory Access}}: In larger SMP systems, memory access times might not be uniform due to the physical arrangement of memory banks and processors. Linux has mechanisms to handle NUMA architectures efficiently, allowing processes to be scheduled on CPUs closer to their associated memory.
* Cache coherency: SMP systems require mechanisms to ensure that all CPU cores have consistent views of memory. Cache coherency protocols ensure that changes made to shared memory locations are correctly propagated to all cores.
* Scalability: SMP systems can be scaled up to include more CPU cores, enhancing the overall computing power of the system. However, as the number of cores increases, challenges related to memory access, contention, and communication between cores may arise.
* Kernel and user space: Linux applications running in user space can take advantage of SMP without needing to be aware of the underlying hardware details. The kernel handles the management of CPU cores and resource allocation.


⚲ API
: &lt;code&gt;ps -PLe&lt;/code&gt; &amp;ndash; lists threads with processor that the thread last executed on (the third column PSR).
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getcpu}} &amp;ndash; determine CPU and NUMA node on which the calling thread is running
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|chcpu}} &amp;ndash; configure CPUs
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|CPU_SET}} &amp;ndash; macros for manipulating CPU sets
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/smp.h}}
:: The most commonly used functions:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|crash_smp_send_stop}} – halts all CPUs except the calling one in a crash context
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_cpu}} – disables preemption and returns the current processor ID
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu}} – runs a given function on all CPUs, possibly with synchronization
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu_cond_mask}} – conditionally runs a function on selected CPUs
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu_mask}} – executes a function on a specified set of CPUs
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu_cond_mask}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|panic_smp_self_stop}} – stops the local CPU during a panic while ensuring others halt
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|put_cpu}} – re-enables preemption after a previous get_cpu call
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|raw_smp_processor_id}} – returns the current CPU ID without preemption safety
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|setup_max_cpus}} – sets up the maximum number of CPUs to be brought online
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_func_t}} – typedef for the function signature used in SMP function calls
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function}} – invokes a function on all other CPUs via IPI
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_many}} – sends a function call to a specified set of CPUs via IPI
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_any}} – runs a function on any available CPU in a given mask
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_single}} – sends a function to execute on a single target CPU via IPI
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_single_async}} – queues a function to run asynchronously on one CPU
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_on_cpu}} – executes a function on a specific CPU and waits for the result
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_init}} – initializes core SMP structures and state during boot
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_prepare_boot_cpu}} – prepares the boot CPU during early SMP initialization
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_prepare_cpus}} – prepares all CPUs for booting before secondary CPUs are started
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_processor_id}} – returns the ID of the current CPU with preemption checks
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_send_reschedule}} – sends a reschedule IPI to a target CPU
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_send_stop}} – stops all other CPUs in response to critical events
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wake_up_all_idle_cpus}} – wakes all idle CPUs to ensure prompt task execution
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/group_cpus.h}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|group_cpus_evenly}} &amp;ndash; groups all CPUs evenly per NUMA/CPU locality
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/percpu.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu-defs.h}} &amp;ndash; basic definitions for percpu areas
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|this_cpu_ptr}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu-refcount.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu-rwsem.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/preempt.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|migrate_disable}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|migrate_enable}}
: /sys/bus/cpu
: [[#per_CPU_local_lock|per CPU local_lock]]
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/topology.h}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_to_node}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|numa_node_id}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/topology.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 NUMA and CPU topology
: See also [[../../Memory#NUMA|NUMA memory section]]


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|boot_cpu_init}} activates the first CPU
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_prepare_cpus}} initializes rest CPUs during boot
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_number}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_SMP}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_NUMA}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/percpu.h}}
: IPI &amp;ndash; {{w|Inter-processor interrupt}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/ipi.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/file|kernel/irq/ipi.c}} &amp;ndash; inter-processor interrupt helpers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ipi_send_single}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|ipi_send_mask}} ...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/file|drivers/base/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU driver model subsystem support
:: {{The Linux Kernel/file|kernel/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU hotplug state machine
: smpboot
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/smpboot.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/smpboot.c}} &amp;ndash; common SMP CPU bringup/teardown
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 SMP booting
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/group_cpus.c}} &amp;ndash; distribute CPUs evenly across groups


🛠️ Utilities
: [https://man.archlinux.org/man/extra/irqbalance/irqbalance.1.en irqbalance] – distributes hardware interrupts across CPUs
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|numactl}} &amp;ndash; controls NUMA policy for processes or shared memory


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Per-CPU Data|kernel-hacking/locking.html#per-cpu-data}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|How CPU topology info is exported via sysfs|admin-guide/cputopology.html}}


📚 Further reading
: [https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/monitoring_and_managing_system_status_and_performance/customizing-tuned-profiles_monitoring-and-managing-system-status-and-performance#functionalities-of-the-scheduler-tuned-plug-in_customizing-tuned-profiles Functionalities of the scheduler TuneD plugin]
: [https://man.archlinux.org/man/tuned-adm.8 tuned-adm] &amp;ndash; command line tool for switching between different tuning profiles


==== CPU affinity ====

Affinity refers to assigning a process or thread to specific CPU cores.
This helps control which CPUs execute tasks, potentially improving performance by reducing data movement between cores.
It can be managed using system calls or commands.
Affinity can be represented as CPU bitmask: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_t}} or CPU affinity list: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpulist_parse}}.


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|taskset}} &amp;ndash; set or retrieve a process's CPU affinity
: grep Cpus_allowed /proc/self/status
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_setaffinity}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_getaffinity}} &amp;ndash; set and get a thread's CPU affinity mask
:: ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_setaffinity}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|set_cpus_allowed_ptr}} &amp;ndash; common kernel function to change a task's affinity mask
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu_rmap.h}} &amp;ndash; CPU affinity reverse-map support
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpumask_types.h}}
:: struct cpumask, {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_t}} &amp;ndash; CPUs bitmap, can be very big
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_var_t}} &amp;ndash; type for local cpumask variable, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_cpumask_var}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|free_cpumask_var}}.
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpumask.h}} &amp;ndash; Cpumasks provide a bitmap suitable for representing the set of CPU's in a system, one bit position per CPU number
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|for_each_possible_cpu}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|num_online_cpus}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_set_cpu}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_test_cpu}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|for_each_cpu}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpus_mask}} &amp;ndash; affinity of {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpus_allowed}} &amp;ndash; affinity of {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset}}


📚 Further reading
: {{w|Processor affinity}}
: {{w|Affinity mask}}

==== CPU hotplug ====

CPU hotplugging in Linux refers to the ability to dynamically add or remove CPUs from the system without needing a reboot.
This feature is crucial in environments requiring high availability and resource flexibility, such as data centers, virtualized systems, and systems that use power management aggressively.


🗝️ Acronyms
: BP &amp;ndash; Bootstrap Processor
: AP &amp;ndash; Application Processor


⚲ API
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/online
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/hotplug/
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_cpu}} ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuhotplug.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_state}} &amp;ndash; CPU hotplug states 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_setup_state}} ... &amp;ndash; setups hotplug state callbacks
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_setup_state_multi}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuhplock.h}} &amp;ndash; CPU hotplug locking
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpus_read_lock}} ...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|remove_cpu}} ...


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU hotplug state machine
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_state}} &amp;ndash; from CPUHP_OFFLINE to CPUHP_AP_ACTIVE and CPUHP_ONLINE.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_hp_states}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|boot_cpu_hotplug_init}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_threads_init}}
:: ... {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_invoke_callback_range}} ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/cpuhotplug.c}} &amp;ndash; IRQ migration on CPU hotunplug
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU subsystem support
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_dev_init}}
::: ... {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_subsys_online}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/cpuhp.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuhplock.h}}


👁️ Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|torture_onoff}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/testing/selftests/sched_ext/hotplug.c}} &amp;ndash; sched_ext CPU hotplug test


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU hotplug in the Kernel|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Introduction|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#introduction}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Command Line Switches|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#command-line-switches}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU maps|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#cpu-maps}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Using CPU hotplug|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#using-cpu-hotplug}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The CPU hotplug coordination|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#the-cpu-hotplug-coordination}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The CPU hotplug API|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#the-cpu-hotplug-api}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU hotplug state machine|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#cpu-hotplug-state-machine}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU online/offline operations|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#cpu-online-offline-operations}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Allocating a state|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#allocating-a-state}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Setup of a CPU hotplug state|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#setup-of-a-cpu-hotplug-state}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Removal of a CPU hotplug state|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#removal-of-a-cpu-hotplug-state}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Instance state instance management|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#multi-instance-state-instance-management}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Examples|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#examples}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Testing of hotplug states|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#testing-of-hotplug-states}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Architecture’s requirements|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#architecture-s-requirements}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|User Space Notification|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#user-space-notification}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Inline Documentations Reference|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#kernel-inline-documentations-reference}}
 

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dcpu%2Donline stress-ng --cpu-online]

📚 Further reading
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CPU_HOTPLUG_STATE_CONTROL}} &amp;ndash; enables the ability to write incremental steps between &quot;offline&quot; and &quot;online&quot; states to the CPU's sysfs target file, allowing for more granular control of state transitions.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|target_store}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_up}}/{{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_down}}
: [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=cpuhotplug+OR+cpuhp cpuhotplug, cpuhp @LKML]

==== CPU isolation ====

CPU isolation ensures that specific tasks run on dedicated CPUs, reducing contention and latency.

'''Housekeeping''' CPUs refer to the CPUs that are reserved for various '''system''' tasks. See {{The Linux Kernel/id|hk_type}}.

'''Isolated''' CPUs are dedicated to '''real-time''' applications, such as DPDK.

⚲ API
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/isolated
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/nohz_full
: [https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#:~:text=cpuset.cpus.isolated /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset.cpus.isolated]
: [https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#:~:text=Partition%20root%20without%20load%20balancing /sys/fs/cgroup/.../cpuset.cpus.partition]
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/isolation.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hk_type}} &amp;ndash; housekeeping type
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_cpumask}} &amp;ndash; returns CPUs available for housekeeping of a given type
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_is_isolated}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuset.h}} &amp;ndash; cpuset interface
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|cpuset}} &amp;ndash; confine processes to processor and memory node subsets


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CPU_ISOLATION}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/isolation.c}} &amp;ndash; housekeeping CPU management
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_update}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CPUSETS}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c}} &amp;ndash; cpuset cgroup controller
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset_init_smp}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|isolated_cpus}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|partition_xcpus_add}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|partition_xcpus_del}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU lists in command-line parameters|admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html#cpu-lists}}
:: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=nohz_full= '''nohz_full'''] clears housekeeping.{{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumasks}} for tick, wq, timer, rcu, misc, and kthread in {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_nohz_full_setup}}
:: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=isolcpus '''isolcpus'''] clears housekeeping.{{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumasks}} for [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=domain%20isolation domain] (by default), [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=nohz nohz], and [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=managed_irq managed_irq] in {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_isolcpus_setup}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Housekeeping|core-api/housekeeping.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NO_HZ: Reducing Scheduling-Clock Ticks|timers/no_hz.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPUSETS of cgroup v2|admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#cpuset}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPUSETS of cgroup v1|admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.html}}


📚 Further reading
: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lomUhSS82s CPU Isolation state of the art, LPC'23]
: [https://lpc.events/event/19/contributions/2219/ CPU Isolation and IPI interference, LPC'25]
: [https://www.suse.com/c/cpu-isolation-introduction-part-1/ CPU Isolation]
: [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=isolcpus isolcpus @LKML]
: [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=housekeeping housekeeping @LKML]
: [https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/reserve-compute-resources/#explicitly-reserved-cpu-list Explicitly Reserved CPU List, Kubernetes Documentation]
: [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/tools/cpu-partitioning/start CPU Partitioning]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Scheduler Domains|scheduler/sched-domains.html}} &amp;ndash; the Scheduler balances CPUs (scheduling groups) within a sched domain
: [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=nohz_full nohz_full @LKML]

💾 Historical since v7.0
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset_cpu_is_isolated}} &amp;ndash; removed, use {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_is_isolated}} instead

=== Runtime code patching ===

The kernel patches its own machine code at boot or runtime to optimize hot paths.
Static keys patch a {{w|NOP_(code)|NOP}} to a jump (or vice versa); static calls patch indirect calls to direct calls; alternatives replace instructions based on CPU features.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/jump_label.h}} &amp;ndash; static keys
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE}} &amp;ndash; define a key, initially false
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_branch_unlikely}} &amp;ndash; zero-cost branch check (NOP when key is false)
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_branch_enable}} &amp;ndash; patch all sites to take the branch (expensive, rare use)
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/static_call.h}} &amp;ndash; static calls
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_STATIC_CALL}} &amp;ndash; define a call site with initial target function
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_call}} &amp;ndash; invoke the patched direct call
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_call_update}} &amp;ndash; change target function, patch all sites
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h}} &amp;ndash; alternatives
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ALTERNATIVE}} &amp;ndash; replace instructions at boot based on CPU features
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h}} &amp;ndash; X86_FEATURE_* flags


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/jump_label.c}} &amp;ndash; static key patching core
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 static key patching
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_HAVE_STATIC_CALL}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/static_call_inline.c}} &amp;ndash; static call core
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/static_call.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 static call patching
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h}} &amp;ndash; runtime instruction patching
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 alternatives engine


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_overridden}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_schedule}}
: tracepoints


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Static Keys|staging/static-keys.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86 CPU feature flags|arch/x86/cpuinfo.html}}


=== {{w|Memory barrier}}s ===

Memory barriers (MB) are synchronization mechanisms used to ensure proper ordering of memory operations in a SMP environment.
They play a crucial role in maintaining the consistency and correctness of data shared among different CPU cores or processors.
MBs prevent unexpected and potentially harmful reordering of memory access instructions by the compiler or CPU, which can lead to data corruption and race conditions in a concurrent software system.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|membarrier}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/barrier.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|rmb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|wmb}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_mb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_rmb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_wmb}}


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 memory barrier instructions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/membarrier.c}} &amp;ndash; membarrier system call


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Memory barriers|core-api/wrappers/memory-barriers.html}}


=== States ===

C-states and P-states are features in modern CPUs designed to improve energy efficiency.

🗝️ Acronyms
: [https://uefi.org/htmlspecs/ACPI_Spec_6_4_html/08_Processor_Configuration_and_Control/processor-power-states.html C-states] &amp;ndash; CPU(?) states, aka idle states
: EPP &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy Performance Preference|admin-guide/pm/amd-pstate.html#energy-performance-preference-epp-rw}}
: HWP &amp;ndash; hardware-managed P-states, see [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=hwp_only hwp_only]
: [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/socwatch/user-guide/2020/p-state.html P-states] &amp;ndash; Performance states, see CPU Power and frequency scaling


⚲ API
: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpupower cpupower]


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Working-State Power Management|admin-guide/pm/working-state.html}}
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management


==== Idle ====


C-states, {{w|ACPI#Processor_states|power states}}:
: C0 &amp;ndash; the operating state.
: C1 (aka Halt) &amp;ndash; the processor is not executing instructions, but can return to an executing state instantaneously.
: C2 (aka Stop-Clock) &amp;ndash; the processor maintains all software-visible state, but may take longer to wake up.
: C3 (aka Sleep) &amp;ndash; takes longer to wake up.
: ...


⚲ API
: turbostat --show CPU --quiet -n 1 --interval 0.1 --show sysfs
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=idle= idle=]
: /dev/cpu_dma_latency &amp;ndash; see {{The Linux Kernel/id|set_cpu_dma_latency}}
: C-states interfaces:
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpuidle/
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuidle.h}} &amp;ndash; a generic framework for CPU idle power management 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|intel_idle CPU Idle Time Management Driver|admin-guide/pm/intel_idle.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_qos.h}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/cpuidle}} &amp;ndash; CPU idle governors and drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/power/qos.c}} &amp;ndash; PM quality of service
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_latency_qos_miscdev}} &amp;ndash; implementation of /dev/cpu_dma_latency


📖 References
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU Idle Time Management|admin-guide/pm/cpuidle.html}}


📚 Further reading
:: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management-cpuidle
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|PM Quality Of Service Interface|power/pm_qos_interface.html}}

==== Power and frequency ====


P-states, {{w|ACPI#Performance_state|performance states}}:
: P0 &amp;ndash; maximum power and frequency
: Pn &amp;ndash; less power and frequency
: ...


⚲ API
: Reliable measurement of actual CPU frequency
:: [https://manpages.debian.org/testing/linux-cpupower/turbostat.8.en.html turbostat] --quiet --show CPU,Bzy_MHz -n 1 --interval 0.1
::: Bzy_MHz &amp;ndash; average clock rate while the CPU was not idle (ie. in &quot;c0&quot; state).
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=intel_pstate intel_pstate=]
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Command Line Options for intel_pstate|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#kernel-command-line-options-for-intel-pstate}}
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=cpufreq.default_governor cpufreq.default_governor=]
: P-states interfaces:
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/
::: scaling_cur_freq &amp;ndash; unreliable assumption on CPU frequency
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpufreq.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/cpufreq.h}} &amp;ndash; interface between cpufreq drivers and the scheduler


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/cpufreq}} &amp;ndash; CPU frequency scaling drivers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|intel_pstate}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|acpi_cpufreq_driver}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/cpufreq_schedutil.c}} &amp;ndash; implementation of cpufreq.default_governor=schedutil
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_epb.c}} &amp;ndash; Intel Performance and Energy Bias Hint support


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU Performance Scaling|admin-guide/pm/cpufreq.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device Frequency Scaling|driver-api/devfreq.html}}
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt CPUFreq Governor]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPUFreq - CPU frequency and voltage scaling|cpu-freq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Intel Performance and Energy Bias Hint|admin-guide/pm/intel_epb.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|intel_pstate CPU Performance Scaling Driver|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|General Information|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#general-information}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Operation Modes|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#operation-modes}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Active Mode|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#active-mode}}
&lt;!--
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Active Mode With HWP|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#active-mode-with-hwp}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|HWP + performance|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#hwp-performance}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|HWP + powersave|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#hwp-powersave}} 
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Active Mode Without HWP|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#active-mode-without-hwp}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|performance|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#performance}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|powersave|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#powersave}} 
--&gt;
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Passive Mode|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#passive-mode}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Turbo P-states Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#turbo-p-states-support}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Processor Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#processor-support}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Support for Hybrid Processors|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#support-for-hybrid-processors}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Hybrid Processors with SMT|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#hybrid-processors-with-smt}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Capacity-Aware Scheduling Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#capacity-aware-scheduling-support}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy-Aware Scheduling Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#energy-aware-scheduling-support}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|User Space Interface in sysfs|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#user-space-interface-in-sysfs}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Global Attributes|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#global-attributes}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Interpretation of Policy Attributes|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#interpretation-of-policy-attributes}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Coordination of P-State Limits|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#coordination-of-p-state-limits}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy vs Performance Hints|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#energy-vs-performance-hints}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|intel_pstate vs acpi-cpufreq|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#intel-pstate-vs-acpi-cpufreq}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Command Line Options for intel_pstate|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#kernel-command-line-options-for-intel-pstate}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Diagnostics and Tuning|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#diagnostics-and-tuning}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Trace Events|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#trace-events}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ftrace|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#ftrace}} 
&lt;!-- end of intel_pstate.html --&gt;


📚 Further reading
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management-Frequency_scaling
: [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/CPU_frequency_scaling CPU frequency scaling]
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/device-drivers|cpufreq}}
: [https://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_use_cpufrequtils How to use cpufrequtils] 
:: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpufreq-info cpufreq-info]
:: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpufreq-set cpufreq-set]
: https://github.com/intel/power-optimization-library
: https://github.com/intel/kubernetes-power-manager

=== Architectures ===

Linux CPU architectures refer to the different types of central processing units (CPUs) that are compatible with the Linux operating system.
Linux is designed to run on a wide range of CPU architectures, which allows it to be utilized on various devices, from smartphones to servers and supercomputers.
Each architecture has its own unique features, advantages, and design considerations.

Architectures are classified by family (e.g. x86, ARM), {{w|Word (computer architecture)|word}} or {{w|Integer_(computer_science)#Long_integer|long int}} size (e.g. {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_32BIT}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_64BIT}}).


Some functions with different implementations for different CPU architectures: 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_boot_cpu}} &gt; {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_secondary}} &gt; {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|setup_arch}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_thread}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_current}}, {{Linux ident|current}}

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|BITS_PER_LONG}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|__BITS_PER_LONG}}, 

⚙️ Arch internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch}} &amp;ndash; architecture-specific code
:: '''x86'''
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_X86}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86}} &amp;ndash; x86 architecture support
::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/platform/x86}} &amp;ndash; x86 platform drivers
::: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Architectures-x86
::: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-intel-pt}} &amp;ndash; support for Intel Processor Trace within perf
:: '''ARM'''
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_ARM}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/arm}}, {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ARM Architecture|arch/arm}}
::: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Architectures-ARM
::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/arm64}}, {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ARM64 Architecture|arm64}}
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Initialization/linux-initialization-5.html architecture-specific initialization]


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU Architectures|arch}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86-specific|arch/x86}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86_64 Support|arch/x86/x86_64}}

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        <username>Conan</username>
        <id>3188</id>
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      <text bytes="51972" sha1="cwwjeq0ezkwd4rltczn0dwgxgjjofox" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{DISPLAYTITLE:Interrupts and CPU}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
== Interrupts ==
An {{w|interrupt}} is a signal to the processor emitted by hardware or software indicating an event that needs immediate attention.
An interrupt alerts the processor to a high-priority condition requiring the interruption of the current code the processor is executing.
The processor responds by suspending its current activities, saving its state, and executing a function called an ''interrupt handler'' (or an interrupt service routine, ISR) to deal with the event.
This interruption is temporary, and, after the interrupt handler finishes, the processor resumes normal activities.

There are two types of interrupts: hardware interrupts and software interrupts.
Hardware interrupts are used by devices to communicate that they require attention from the operating system.
For example, pressing a key on the keyboard or moving the mouse triggers hardware interrupts that cause the processor to read the keystroke or mouse position.
Unlike the software type, hardware interrupts are asynchronous and can occur in the middle of instruction execution, requiring additional care in programming.
The act of initiating a hardware interrupt is referred to as an ''interrupt request'' - IRQ ↪ {{w|Interrupt descriptor table|IDT}} ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|common_interrupt}} on x86.

A software interrupt is caused either by an exceptional condition in the processor itself, or a special instruction in the instruction set which causes an interrupt when it is executed.
The former is often called a ''{{w|Trap (computing)|trap}}'' (⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_trap}}) or ''exception'' and is used for errors or events occurring during program execution that are exceptional enough that they cannot be handled within the program itself.
For example, if the processor's arithmetic logic unit is commanded to divide a number by zero, this impossible demand will cause a ''divide-by-zero exception'' (⚙️ {{The Linux Kernel/id|X86_TRAP_DE}}), perhaps causing the computer to abandon the calculation or display an error message.
Software interrupt instructions function similarly to subroutine calls and are used for a variety of purposes, such as to request services from low-level system software such as device drivers.
For example, computers often use software interrupt instructions to communicate with the disk controller to request data be read or written to the disk.

Each interrupt has its own interrupt handler.  The number of hardware interrupts is limited by the number of interrupt request (IRQ) lines to the processor, but there may be hundreds of different software interrupts.


⚲ API

: /proc/interrupts
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|irqtop}} &amp;ndash; utility to display kernel interrupt information
: [https://github.com/Irqbalance/irqbalance irqbalance] &amp;ndash; distribute hardware interrupts across processors on a multiprocessor system
: There are many ways to request ISR, two of them
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_threaded_irq}} &amp;ndash; preferable, managed device with threaded ISR
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_irq}} &amp;ndash; managed version
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_irq}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_threaded_irq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|free_irq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/interrupt.h}} &amp;ndash; main interrupt support header
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqaction}} &amp;ndash; contains handler functions 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irq.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irqflags.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqs_disabled}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_irq_save}} ...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|local_irq_disable}} ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irqdesc.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_desc}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irqdomain.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_domain}} &amp;ndash; hardware interrupt number translation object
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_domain_get_irq_data}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/msi.h}} &amp;ndash; {{w|Message Signaled Interrupts}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|msi_desc}}
: Structure of structures:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_desc}} is container of
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data}}
:::: irq &amp;ndash; interrupt number
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_common_data}}
::: list of {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqaction}}


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/settings.h}} &amp;ndash; IRQ descriptor status flags
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq}} &amp;ndash; generic IRQ handling
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/internals.h}} &amp;ndash; IRQ subsystem internal functions
: ls /sys/kernel/debug/irq/domains/
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_vector_domain}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|x86_vector_domain_ops}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_chip}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|load_idt}} &amp;ndash; load Interrupt Descriptor Table
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/idtentry.h}} &amp;ndash; interrupt entry/exit definitions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/hw_irq.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 hardware IRQ definitions
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_entries_start}} &amp;ndash; hardware IRQ entry stubs
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/irq.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 interrupt handling
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|common_interrupt}} &amp;ndash; handles all normal device IRQs on x86

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|IRQs|core-api/irq}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The irq_domain interrupt number mapping library|core-api/irq/irq-domain.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Linux generic IRQ handling|core-api/genericirq.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Message Signaled Interrupts: The MSI Driver Guide|PCI/msi-howto.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Lock types and their rules|locking/locktypes.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Hard IRQ Context|kernel-hacking/locking.html#hard-irq-context}}
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/ Interrupts]


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|dummy_irq_chip}} &amp;ndash; dummy interrupt chip implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/locking-selftest.c}} &amp;ndash; locking correctness self-tests


=== IRQ affinity ===

⚲ API
: /proc/irq/default_smp_affinity
: /proc/irq/*/smp_affinity and /proc/irq/*/smp_affinity_list


Common types and functions:
: struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_affinity}} &amp;ndash; description for automatic irq affinity assignments, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_platform_get_irqs_affinity}}
: struct {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_affinity_desc}} &amp;ndash; interrupt affinity descriptor, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_update_affinity_desc}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_create_affinity_masks}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_affinity}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_get_affinity_mask}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_can_set_affinity}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_affinity_hint}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irqd_affinity_is_managed}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data_get_affinity_mask}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data_get_effective_affinity_mask}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_data_update_effective_affinity}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_affinity_notifier}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_affinity_notify}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_chip_set_affinity_parent}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_set_vcpu_affinity}}


🛠️ Utilities
: [https://man.archlinux.org/man/extra/irqbalance/irqbalance.1.en irqbalance] – distributes hardware interrupts across CPUs


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|SMP IRQ affinity|core-api/irq/irq-affinity.html}}
: [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/tools/cpu-partitioning/start#irq_affinity IRQ affinity, LF]
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=managed_irq managed_irq kernel parameter], [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=managed_irq @LKML]
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=irqaffinity= irqaffinity kernel parameter], [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=irqaffinity @LKML]


=== Non-maskable interrupts ===

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/nmi.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|in_nmi}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|touch_nmi_watchdog}}
:: ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/nmi.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/nmi.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 NMI handler registration
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|register_nmi_handler}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|unregister_nmi_handler}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/nmi.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 NMI handler
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/nmi_selftest.c}} &amp;ndash; NMI IPI self-tests


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NMI Trace Events|trace/events-nmi.html}}


📚 Further reading
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/linux-interrupts-6.html Non-maskable interrupt handler] (NMI)


=== ... ===

📚 Further reading about interrupts
: IDT &amp;ndash; {{w|Interrupt descriptor table}}
: [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/tools/ticklesskernel Tickless (Full dynticks)] reduces timer interrupts overhead, {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL}}
: [https://www.felixcloutier.com/x86/lgdt:lidt LGDT/LIDT &amp;ndash; Load Global/Interrupt Descriptor Table Register] asm instruction

== Deferred works ==

=== Scheduler context ===

==== kthread work ====

This framework simplifies the use of kernel kthreads.
A {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_work}} item can be queued with {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_queue_work}} and flushed using {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_flush_work}}.
All queued kthread_work items are processed by a dedicated kernel thread executing the {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_worker_fn}} function.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_work}} &amp;ndash; contains {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_work_func_t}} to execute
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_init_work}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_flush_work}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_worker}} &amp;ndash; links a kthread_work and a task
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_run_worker}} &amp;ndash; creates and wakes a kthread worker
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_create_worker}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_flush_worker}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_destroy_worker}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_queue_work}} &amp;ndash; queues a kthread_work on a kthread_worker


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__kthread_create_worker_on_node}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|kthread_worker_fn}} &amp;ndash; executes work's function


👁 Example usages
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|watchdog_kworker}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pwq_release_worker}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|pump_messages}}

==== Threaded IRQ ====

⚲ API
{{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_threaded_irq}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|request_threaded_irq}}
ISR should return IRQ_WAKE_THREAD to run thread function

⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|setup_irq_thread}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|irq_thread}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/manage.c}} &amp;ndash; IRQ request, free and affinity management

📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|request_threaded_irq|core-api/genericirq.html#c.request_threaded_irq}}


==== Work and workqueue ====

Generic async execution with shared worker pool.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|PF_WQ_WORKER}} &amp;ndash; workqueue worker process flag
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/workqueue.h}}, {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/workqueue_types.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|work_struct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|INIT_WORK}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|delayed_work}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|INIT_DELAYED_WORK}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|cancel_delayed_work_sync}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|workqueue_struct}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_alloc_workqueue}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_workqueue}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|destroy_workqueue}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|schedule_work}} &amp;ndash; queues work on the system workqueue ↯
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|queue_work}} &amp;ndash; queues work on a workqueue
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|queue_work_on}} &amp;ndash; on a specific CPU
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|show_all_workqueues}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|show_one_workqueue}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|system_power_efficient_wq}} ...


👁 Example usage {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/ftrace/sample-trace-array.c}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/workqueue.c}} &amp;ndash; generic async execution with shared worker pool
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|workqueue_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|create_worker}}
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|worker_thread}}
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|process_one_work}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|format_worker_id}} &amp;ndash; names kworker kthreads
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|pool_workqueue}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|worker_pool}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Concurrency Managed Workqueue|core-api/workqueue.html}}
: [https://sysprog21.github.io/lkmpg/#work-queues LKMPG: Work queues]

=== Interrupt context ===

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/irq_work.h}} &amp;ndash; framework for enqueueing and running callbacks from hardirq context
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|samples/trace_printk/trace-printk.c}}

==== Timers ====

===== softirq timer =====

This timer is a softirq for periodical tasks with jiffies resolution

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/timer.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_list}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_TIMER}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_setup}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mod_timer}} &amp;mdash; sets expiration time in jiffies. 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|del_timer}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/timer.c}} &amp;ndash; kernel internal timers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|timer_bases}}


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_enable_softrepeat}} and {{The Linux Kernel/id|input_start_autorepeat}}


📚 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Time and timer routines|driver-api/basics.html#time-and-timer-routines}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|mod_timer_pending ... |driver-api/basics.html#c.mod_timer_pending}}

===== High-resolution timer =====

⚲ API
: /proc/timer_list
: /proc/sys/kernel/timer_migration
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hrtimer_defs.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/hrtimer.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer}}, hrtimer.function &amp;mdash; callback
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_setup}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_start}} &amp;mdash; starts a timer with nanosecond resolution 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_cancel}}


👁 Examples {{The Linux Kernel/id|alarm_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|watchdog_enable}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_HIGH_RES_TIMERS}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/tick-internal.h}} &amp;ndash; tick and timer internal definitions
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hrtimer_bases}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/hrtimer.c}} &amp;ndash; high-resolution timer implementation
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/itimer.c}} &amp;ndash; interval timers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/time/timer_list.c}} &amp;ndash; /proc/timer_list debugfs


📚 HR timers references
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|High-resolution timers|driver-api/basics.html#high-resolution-timers}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|hrtimers - subsystem for high-resolution kernel timers|timers/hrtimers.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|high resolution timers and dynamic ticks design notes|timers/highres.html}}

===== ... =====

📚 Timers references
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Timers|timers}}
: [https://lwn.net/Articles/913568/ Better CPU selection for timer expiration]

==== Tasklet ====

tasklet is a softirq, for time critical operations

⚲ API is deprecated in favor of threaded IRQs: {{The Linux Kernel/id|devm_request_threaded_irq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_struct}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_schedule}} 


⚙️ Internals: {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_action_common}} HI_SOFTIRQ, TASKLET_SOFTIRQ


==== Softirq ====

softirq is internal system facility and should not be used directly.
Use tasklet or threaded IRQs

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/interrupt.h}}
: cat /proc/softirqs
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|open_softirq}} registers {{The Linux Kernel/id|softirq_action}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|raise_softirq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|tasklet_schedule}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__tasklet_schedule}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/softirq.c}} &amp;ndash; software interrupt handling
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__do_softirq}} &amp;ndash; main softirq processing loop


📖 References
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Interrupts/linux-interrupts-9.html Introduction to deferred interrupts (Softirq, Tasklets and Workqueues)]
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Timers/ Timers and time management]
: [https://linux-kernel-labs.github.io/refs/heads/master/labs/deferred_work.html Deferred work, linux-kernel-labs]
: [https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/linux-device-drivers/0596005903/ch07.html Chapter 7. Time, Delays, and Deferred Work]

==CPU specific==


🖱️ GUI
: [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/kinetic/en/man8/tuna.8.html tuna] &amp;ndash; program for tuning running processes


⚲ API
: cat /proc/cpuinfo
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/
: /sys/devices/system/node/
: /sys/cpu/
: /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu/
: grep -i cpu /proc/self/status
: [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/jammy/man1/rdmsr.1.html rdmsr] &amp;ndash; tool for reading CPU machine specific registers (MSR)
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|lscpu}} &amp;ndash; display information about the CPU architecture

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/arch_topology.h}} &amp;ndash; arch specific cpu topology information 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu.h}} &amp;ndash; generic cpu definition 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu_cooling.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu_pm.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpufeature.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeature.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 CPU feature detection
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/peci-cpu.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/cputime.h}} &amp;ndash; cputime accounting APIs
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/clk.h}} &amp;ndash; interfaces for managing hardware clocks in device drivers


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU driver model subsystem
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_dev_init}}


=== Cache ===

: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cacheflush.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cacheflush.h}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|clflush_cache_range}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cache.h}} &amp;ndash; cache line alignment macros
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|____cacheline_aligned}} &amp;ndash; align to cache line boundary to avoid false sharing
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__cacheline_aligned}} &amp;ndash; same, plus place in .data..cacheline_aligned section
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|____cacheline_aligned_in_smp}} &amp;ndash; same, but no-op on uniprocessor builds
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__read_mostly}} &amp;ndash; place in a cache-friendly section for rarely written data
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|__ro_after_init}} &amp;ndash; writable during init, read-only after boot (security hardening)
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_PER_CPU_CACHE_HOT}} &amp;ndash; per-CPU variable in .data..hot section, used for {{The Linux Kernel/id|current_task}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|__preempt_count}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|L1_CACHE_BYTES}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|SMP_CACHE_BYTES}} &amp;ndash; 64 bytes typically
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cache.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 cache line size definitions

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dcache stress-ng --cache]

⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/mm/pat/set_memory.c}} &amp;ndash; page attribute table memory type control
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/cpu/mtrr/}} &amp;ndash; memory type range register driver

📚 Further reading
: MTRR &amp;ndash; {{w|Memory type range register}}
: {{w|CPU cache}}

=== {{w|Symmetric_multiprocessing|SMP}} ===

This chapter is about multiprocessing and {{w|Multi-core processor|multi-core}} aspects of Linux kernel.

Key concepts and features of Linux SMP include:
* Symmetry: In an SMP system, all processors are considered the same without hardware hierarchy in contradiction to use of {{w|coprocessor}}s.
* Load balancing: The Linux kernel employs load balancing mechanisms to distribute tasks evenly among available CPU cores. This prevents any one core from becoming overwhelmed while others remain underutilized.
* Parallelism: SMP enables parallel processing, where multiple threads or processes can execute simultaneously on different CPU cores. This can significantly improve the execution speed of applications that are designed to take advantage of multiple threads.
* Thread scheduling: The Linux kernel scheduler is responsible for determining which threads or processes run on which CPU cores and for how long. It aims to optimize performance by minimizing contention and maximizing CPU utilization.
* Shared memory: In an SMP system, all CPU cores typically share the same physical memory space. This allows processes and threads running on different cores to communicate and share data more efficiently.
* NUMA &amp;ndash; {{w|Non-Uniform Memory Access}}: In larger SMP systems, memory access times might not be uniform due to the physical arrangement of memory banks and processors. Linux has mechanisms to handle NUMA architectures efficiently, allowing processes to be scheduled on CPUs closer to their associated memory.
* Cache coherency: SMP systems require mechanisms to ensure that all CPU cores have consistent views of memory. Cache coherency protocols ensure that changes made to shared memory locations are correctly propagated to all cores.
* Scalability: SMP systems can be scaled up to include more CPU cores, enhancing the overall computing power of the system. However, as the number of cores increases, challenges related to memory access, contention, and communication between cores may arise.
* Kernel and user space: Linux applications running in user space can take advantage of SMP without needing to be aware of the underlying hardware details. The kernel handles the management of CPU cores and resource allocation.


⚲ API
: &lt;code&gt;ps -PLe&lt;/code&gt; &amp;ndash; lists threads with processor that the thread last executed on (the third column PSR).
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|getcpu}} &amp;ndash; determine CPU and NUMA node on which the calling thread is running
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|chcpu}} &amp;ndash; configure CPUs
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|3|CPU_SET}} &amp;ndash; macros for manipulating CPU sets
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/smp.h}}
:: The most commonly used functions:
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|crash_smp_send_stop}} – halts all CPUs except the calling one in a crash context
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_cpu}} – disables preemption and returns the current processor ID
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu}} – runs a given function on all CPUs, possibly with synchronization
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu_cond_mask}} – conditionally runs a function on selected CPUs
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu_mask}} – executes a function on a specified set of CPUs
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|on_each_cpu_cond_mask}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|panic_smp_self_stop}} – stops the local CPU during a panic while ensuring others halt
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|put_cpu}} – re-enables preemption after a previous get_cpu call
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|raw_smp_processor_id}} – returns the current CPU ID without preemption safety
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|setup_max_cpus}} – sets up the maximum number of CPUs to be brought online
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_func_t}} – typedef for the function signature used in SMP function calls
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function}} – invokes a function on all other CPUs via IPI
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_many}} – sends a function call to a specified set of CPUs via IPI
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_any}} – runs a function on any available CPU in a given mask
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_single}} – sends a function to execute on a single target CPU via IPI
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_function_single_async}} – queues a function to run asynchronously on one CPU
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_call_on_cpu}} – executes a function on a specific CPU and waits for the result
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_init}} – initializes core SMP structures and state during boot
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_prepare_boot_cpu}} – prepares the boot CPU during early SMP initialization
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_prepare_cpus}} – prepares all CPUs for booting before secondary CPUs are started
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_processor_id}} – returns the ID of the current CPU with preemption checks
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_send_reschedule}} – sends a reschedule IPI to a target CPU
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_send_stop}} – stops all other CPUs in response to critical events
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|wake_up_all_idle_cpus}} – wakes all idle CPUs to ensure prompt task execution
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/group_cpus.h}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|group_cpus_evenly}} &amp;ndash; groups all CPUs evenly per NUMA/CPU locality
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/percpu.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu-defs.h}} &amp;ndash; basic definitions for percpu areas
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|this_cpu_ptr}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu-refcount.h}} 
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/percpu-rwsem.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/preempt.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|migrate_disable}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|migrate_enable}}
: /sys/bus/cpu
: [[#per_CPU_local_lock|per CPU local_lock]]
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/topology.h}} &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_to_node}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|numa_node_id}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/topology.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 NUMA and CPU topology
: See also [[../../Memory#NUMA|NUMA memory section]]


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|boot_cpu_init}} activates the first CPU
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_prepare_cpus}} initializes rest CPUs during boot
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_number}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_SMP}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_NUMA}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/percpu.h}}
: IPI &amp;ndash; {{w|Inter-processor interrupt}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/ipi.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/file|kernel/irq/ipi.c}} &amp;ndash; inter-processor interrupt helpers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ipi_send_single}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|ipi_send_mask}} ...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/file|drivers/base/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU driver model subsystem support
:: {{The Linux Kernel/file|kernel/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU hotplug state machine
: smpboot
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/smpboot.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/smpboot.c}} &amp;ndash; common SMP CPU bringup/teardown
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/smpboot.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 SMP booting
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|lib/group_cpus.c}} &amp;ndash; distribute CPUs evenly across groups


🛠️ Utilities
: [https://man.archlinux.org/man/extra/irqbalance/irqbalance.1.en irqbalance] – distributes hardware interrupts across CPUs
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|8|numactl}} &amp;ndash; controls NUMA policy for processes or shared memory


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Per-CPU Data|kernel-hacking/locking.html#per-cpu-data}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|How CPU topology info is exported via sysfs|admin-guide/cputopology.html}}


📚 Further reading
: [https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_enterprise_linux/9/html/monitoring_and_managing_system_status_and_performance/customizing-tuned-profiles_monitoring-and-managing-system-status-and-performance#functionalities-of-the-scheduler-tuned-plug-in_customizing-tuned-profiles Functionalities of the scheduler TuneD plugin]
: [https://man.archlinux.org/man/tuned-adm.8 tuned-adm] &amp;ndash; command line tool for switching between different tuning profiles


==== CPU affinity ====

Affinity refers to assigning a process or thread to specific CPU cores.
This helps control which CPUs execute tasks, potentially improving performance by reducing data movement between cores.
It can be managed using system calls or commands.
Affinity can be represented as CPU bitmask: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_t}} or CPU affinity list: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpulist_parse}}.


⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|taskset}} &amp;ndash; set or retrieve a process's CPU affinity
: grep Cpus_allowed /proc/self/status
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_setaffinity}} {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|sched_getaffinity}} &amp;ndash; set and get a thread's CPU affinity mask
:: ↪ {{The Linux Kernel/id|sched_setaffinity}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|set_cpus_allowed_ptr}} &amp;ndash; common kernel function to change a task's affinity mask
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu_rmap.h}} &amp;ndash; CPU affinity reverse-map support
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpumask_types.h}}
:: struct cpumask, {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_t}} &amp;ndash; CPUs bitmap, can be very big
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_var_t}} &amp;ndash; type for local cpumask variable, see {{The Linux Kernel/id|alloc_cpumask_var}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|free_cpumask_var}}.
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpumask.h}} &amp;ndash; Cpumasks provide a bitmap suitable for representing the set of CPU's in a system, one bit position per CPU number
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|for_each_possible_cpu}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|num_online_cpus}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_set_cpu}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumask_test_cpu}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|for_each_cpu}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpus_mask}} &amp;ndash; affinity of {{The Linux Kernel/id|task_struct}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpus_allowed}} &amp;ndash; affinity of {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset}}


📚 Further reading
: {{w|Processor affinity}}
: {{w|Affinity mask}}

==== CPU hotplug ====

CPU hotplugging in Linux refers to the ability to dynamically add or remove CPUs from the system without needing a reboot.
This feature is crucial in environments requiring high availability and resource flexibility, such as data centers, virtualized systems, and systems that use power management aggressively.


🗝️ Acronyms
: BP &amp;ndash; Bootstrap Processor
: AP &amp;ndash; Application Processor


⚲ API
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/online
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/hotplug/
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpu.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|add_cpu}} ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuhotplug.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_state}} &amp;ndash; CPU hotplug states 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_setup_state}} ... &amp;ndash; setups hotplug state callbacks
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_setup_state_multi}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_setup_state_nocalls}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuhplock.h}} &amp;ndash; CPU hotplug locking
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpus_read_lock}} ...
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|remove_cpu}} ...


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU hotplug state machine
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_state}} &amp;ndash; from CPUHP_OFFLINE to CPUHP_AP_ACTIVE and CPUHP_ONLINE.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_hp_states}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|boot_cpu_hotplug_init}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_threads_init}}
:: ... {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuhp_invoke_callback_range}} ...
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/irq/cpuhotplug.c}} &amp;ndash; IRQ migration on CPU hotunplug
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/base/cpu.c}} &amp;ndash; CPU subsystem support
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_dev_init}}
::: ... {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_subsys_online}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|trace/events/cpuhp.h}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuhplock.h}}


👁️ Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|torture_onoff}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|tools/testing/selftests/sched_ext/hotplug.c}} &amp;ndash; sched_ext CPU hotplug test


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU hotplug in the Kernel|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Introduction|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#introduction}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Command Line Switches|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#command-line-switches}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU maps|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#cpu-maps}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Using CPU hotplug|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#using-cpu-hotplug}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The CPU hotplug coordination|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#the-cpu-hotplug-coordination}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|The CPU hotplug API|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#the-cpu-hotplug-api}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU hotplug state machine|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#cpu-hotplug-state-machine}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU online/offline operations|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#cpu-online-offline-operations}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Allocating a state|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#allocating-a-state}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Setup of a CPU hotplug state|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#setup-of-a-cpu-hotplug-state}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Removal of a CPU hotplug state|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#removal-of-a-cpu-hotplug-state}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Multi-Instance state instance management|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#multi-instance-state-instance-management}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Examples|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#examples}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Testing of hotplug states|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#testing-of-hotplug-states}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Architecture’s requirements|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#architecture-s-requirements}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|User Space Notification|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#user-space-notification}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Inline Documentations Reference|core-api/cpu_hotplug.html#kernel-inline-documentations-reference}}
 

🔨 [https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/resolute/man1/stress-ng.1.html#:~:text=%2D%2Dcpu%2Donline stress-ng --cpu-online]

📚 Further reading
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CPU_HOTPLUG_STATE_CONTROL}} &amp;ndash; enables the ability to write incremental steps between &quot;offline&quot; and &quot;online&quot; states to the CPU's sysfs target file, allowing for more granular control of state transitions.
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|target_store}}: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_up}}/{{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_down}}
: [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=cpuhotplug+OR+cpuhp cpuhotplug, cpuhp @LKML]

==== CPU isolation ====

CPU isolation ensures that specific tasks run on dedicated CPUs, reducing contention and latency.

'''Housekeeping''' CPUs refer to the CPUs that are reserved for various '''system''' tasks. See {{The Linux Kernel/id|hk_type}}.

'''Isolated''' CPUs are dedicated to '''real-time''' applications, such as DPDK.

⚲ API
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/isolated
: /sys/devices/system/cpu/nohz_full
: [https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#:~:text=cpuset.cpus.isolated /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset.cpus.isolated]
: [https://docs.kernel.org/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#:~:text=Partition%20root%20without%20load%20balancing /sys/fs/cgroup/.../cpuset.cpus.partition]
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/isolation.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|hk_type}} &amp;ndash; housekeeping type
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_cpumask}} &amp;ndash; returns CPUs available for housekeeping of a given type
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_is_isolated}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuset.h}} &amp;ndash; cpuset interface
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|7|cpuset}} &amp;ndash; confine processes to processor and memory node subsets


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CPU_ISOLATION}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/isolation.c}} &amp;ndash; housekeeping CPU management
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_init}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_update}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_CPUSETS}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/cgroup/cpuset.c}} &amp;ndash; cpuset cgroup controller
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset_init}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset_init_smp}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|isolated_cpus}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|partition_xcpus_add}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|partition_xcpus_del}}


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU lists in command-line parameters|admin-guide/kernel-parameters.html#cpu-lists}}
:: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=nohz_full= '''nohz_full'''] clears housekeeping.{{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumasks}} for tick, wq, timer, rcu, misc, and kthread in {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_nohz_full_setup}}
:: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=isolcpus '''isolcpus'''] clears housekeeping.{{The Linux Kernel/id|cpumasks}} for [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=domain%20isolation domain] (by default), [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=nohz nohz], and [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=managed_irq managed_irq] in {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_isolcpus_setup}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Housekeeping|core-api/housekeeping.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|NO_HZ: Reducing Scheduling-Clock Ticks|timers/no_hz.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPUSETS of cgroup v2|admin-guide/cgroup-v2.html#cpuset}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPUSETS of cgroup v1|admin-guide/cgroup-v1/cpusets.html}}


📚 Further reading
: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lomUhSS82s CPU Isolation state of the art, LPC'23]
: [https://lpc.events/event/19/contributions/2219/ CPU Isolation and IPI interference, LPC'25]
: [https://www.suse.com/c/cpu-isolation-introduction-part-1/ CPU Isolation]
: [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=isolcpus isolcpus @LKML]
: [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=housekeeping housekeeping @LKML]
: [https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/reserve-compute-resources/#explicitly-reserved-cpu-list Explicitly Reserved CPU List, Kubernetes Documentation]
: [https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org/realtime/documentation/howto/tools/cpu-partitioning/start CPU Partitioning]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Scheduler Domains|scheduler/sched-domains.html}} &amp;ndash; the Scheduler balances CPUs (scheduling groups) within a sched domain
: [https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/?q=nohz_full nohz_full @LKML]

💾 Historical since v7.0
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpuset_cpu_is_isolated}} &amp;ndash; removed, use {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_is_isolated}} instead

=== Runtime code patching ===

The kernel patches its own machine code at boot or runtime to optimize hot paths.
Static keys patch a {{w|NOP_(code)|NOP}} to a jump (or vice versa); static calls patch indirect calls to direct calls; alternatives replace instructions based on CPU features.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/jump_label.h}} &amp;ndash; static keys
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE}} &amp;ndash; define a key, initially false
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_branch_unlikely}} &amp;ndash; zero-cost branch check (NOP when key is false)
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_branch_enable}} &amp;ndash; patch all sites to take the branch (expensive, rare use)
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/static_call.h}} &amp;ndash; static calls
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|DEFINE_STATIC_CALL}} &amp;ndash; define a call site with initial target function
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_call}} &amp;ndash; invoke the patched direct call
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|static_call_update}} &amp;ndash; change target function, patch all sites
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h}} &amp;ndash; alternatives
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|ALTERNATIVE}} &amp;ndash; replace instructions at boot based on CPU features
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h}} &amp;ndash; X86_FEATURE_* flags


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_JUMP_LABEL}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/jump_label.c}} &amp;ndash; static key patching core
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/jump_label.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 static key patching
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_HAVE_STATIC_CALL}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/static_call_inline.c}} &amp;ndash; static call core
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/static_call.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 static call patching
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/alternative.h}} &amp;ndash; runtime instruction patching
:: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/alternative.c}} &amp;ndash; x86 alternatives engine


👁 Examples
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|housekeeping_overridden}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|preempt_schedule}}
: tracepoints


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Static Keys|staging/static-keys.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86 CPU feature flags|arch/x86/cpuinfo.html}}


=== {{w|Memory barrier}}s ===

Memory barriers (MB) are synchronization mechanisms used to ensure proper ordering of memory operations in a SMP environment.
They play a crucial role in maintaining the consistency and correctness of data shared among different CPU cores or processors.
MBs prevent unexpected and potentially harmful reordering of memory access instructions by the compiler or CPU, which can lead to data corruption and race conditions in a concurrent software system.

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/man|2|membarrier}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|asm-generic/barrier.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|mb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|rmb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|wmb}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_mb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_rmb}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|smp_wmb}}


⚙️ Internals

: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/include/asm/barrier.h}} &amp;ndash; x86 memory barrier instructions
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/membarrier.c}} &amp;ndash; membarrier system call


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Memory barriers|core-api/wrappers/memory-barriers.html}}


=== States ===

C-states and P-states are features in modern CPUs designed to improve energy efficiency.

🗝️ Acronyms
: [https://uefi.org/htmlspecs/ACPI_Spec_6_4_html/08_Processor_Configuration_and_Control/processor-power-states.html C-states] &amp;ndash; CPU(?) states, aka idle states
: EPP &amp;ndash; {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy Performance Preference|admin-guide/pm/amd-pstate.html#energy-performance-preference-epp-rw}}
: HWP &amp;ndash; hardware-managed P-states, see [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=hwp_only hwp_only]
: [https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/docs/socwatch/user-guide/2020/p-state.html P-states] &amp;ndash; Performance states, see CPU Power and frequency scaling


⚲ API
: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpupower cpupower]


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Working-State Power Management|admin-guide/pm/working-state.html}}
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management


==== Idle ====


C-states, {{w|ACPI#Processor_states|power states}}:
: C0 &amp;ndash; the operating state.
: C1 (aka Halt) &amp;ndash; the processor is not executing instructions, but can return to an executing state instantaneously.
: C2 (aka Stop-Clock) &amp;ndash; the processor maintains all software-visible state, but may take longer to wake up.
: C3 (aka Sleep) &amp;ndash; takes longer to wake up.
: ...


⚲ API
: turbostat --show CPU --quiet -n 1 --interval 0.1 --show sysfs
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=idle= idle=]
: /dev/cpu_dma_latency &amp;ndash; see {{The Linux Kernel/id|set_cpu_dma_latency}}
: C-states interfaces:
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpuidle/
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpuidle/
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpuidle.h}} &amp;ndash; a generic framework for CPU idle power management 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|intel_idle CPU Idle Time Management Driver|admin-guide/pm/intel_idle.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/pm_qos.h}}


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/cpuidle}} &amp;ndash; CPU idle governors and drivers
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/power/qos.c}} &amp;ndash; PM quality of service
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_latency_qos_miscdev}} &amp;ndash; implementation of /dev/cpu_dma_latency


📖 References
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU Idle Time Management|admin-guide/pm/cpuidle.html}}


📚 Further reading
:: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management-cpuidle
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|PM Quality Of Service Interface|power/pm_qos_interface.html}}

==== Power and frequency ====


P-states, {{w|ACPI#Performance_state|performance states}}:
: P0 &amp;ndash; maximum power and frequency
: Pn &amp;ndash; less power and frequency
: ...


⚲ API
: Reliable measurement of actual CPU frequency
:: [https://manpages.debian.org/testing/linux-cpupower/turbostat.8.en.html turbostat] --quiet --show CPU,Bzy_MHz -n 1 --interval 0.1
::: Bzy_MHz &amp;ndash; average clock rate while the CPU was not idle (ie. in &quot;c0&quot; state).
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=intel_pstate intel_pstate=]
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Command Line Options for intel_pstate|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#kernel-command-line-options-for-intel-pstate}}
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt#:~:text=cpufreq.default_governor cpufreq.default_governor=]
: P-states interfaces:
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/
::: scaling_cur_freq &amp;ndash; unreliable assumption on CPU frequency
:: /sys/devices/system/cpu/intel_pstate/
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/cpufreq.h}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/include|linux/sched/cpufreq.h}} &amp;ndash; interface between cpufreq drivers and the scheduler


⚙️ Internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/cpufreq}} &amp;ndash; CPU frequency scaling drivers
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|intel_pstate}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/id|acpi_cpufreq_driver}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|kernel/sched/cpufreq_schedutil.c}} &amp;ndash; implementation of cpufreq.default_governor=schedutil
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86/kernel/cpu/intel_epb.c}} &amp;ndash; Intel Performance and Energy Bias Hint support


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU Performance Scaling|admin-guide/pm/cpufreq.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Device Frequency Scaling|driver-api/devfreq.html}}
: [https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/cpu-freq/governors.txt CPUFreq Governor]
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPUFreq - CPU frequency and voltage scaling|cpu-freq}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Intel Performance and Energy Bias Hint|admin-guide/pm/intel_epb.html}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|intel_pstate CPU Performance Scaling Driver|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|General Information|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#general-information}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Operation Modes|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#operation-modes}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Active Mode|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#active-mode}}
&lt;!--
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Active Mode With HWP|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#active-mode-with-hwp}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|HWP + performance|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#hwp-performance}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|HWP + powersave|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#hwp-powersave}} 
:::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Active Mode Without HWP|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#active-mode-without-hwp}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|performance|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#performance}} 
::::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|powersave|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#powersave}} 
--&gt;
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Passive Mode|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#passive-mode}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Turbo P-states Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#turbo-p-states-support}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Processor Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#processor-support}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Support for Hybrid Processors|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#support-for-hybrid-processors}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Hybrid Processors with SMT|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#hybrid-processors-with-smt}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Capacity-Aware Scheduling Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#capacity-aware-scheduling-support}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy-Aware Scheduling Support|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#energy-aware-scheduling-support}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|User Space Interface in sysfs|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#user-space-interface-in-sysfs}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Global Attributes|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#global-attributes}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Interpretation of Policy Attributes|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#interpretation-of-policy-attributes}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Coordination of P-State Limits|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#coordination-of-p-state-limits}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Energy vs Performance Hints|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#energy-vs-performance-hints}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|intel_pstate vs acpi-cpufreq|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#intel-pstate-vs-acpi-cpufreq}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Kernel Command Line Options for intel_pstate|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#kernel-command-line-options-for-intel-pstate}} 
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Diagnostics and Tuning|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#diagnostics-and-tuning}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|Trace Events|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#trace-events}} 
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ftrace|admin-guide/pm/intel_pstate.html#ftrace}} 
&lt;!-- end of intel_pstate.html --&gt;


📚 Further reading
: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Power_management-Frequency_scaling
: [https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/CPU_frequency_scaling CPU frequency scaling]
: {{The Linux Kernel/ltp|kernel/device-drivers|cpufreq}}
: [https://www.thinkwiki.org/wiki/How_to_use_cpufrequtils How to use cpufrequtils] 
:: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpufreq-info cpufreq-info]
:: [https://linux.die.net/man/1/cpufreq-set cpufreq-set]
: https://github.com/intel/power-optimization-library
: https://github.com/intel/kubernetes-power-manager

=== Architectures ===

Linux CPU architectures refer to the different types of central processing units (CPUs) that are compatible with the Linux operating system.
Linux is designed to run on a wide range of CPU architectures, which allows it to be utilized on various devices, from smartphones to servers and supercomputers.
Each architecture has its own unique features, advantages, and design considerations.

Architectures are classified by family (e.g. x86, ARM), {{w|Word (computer architecture)|word}} or {{w|Integer_(computer_science)#Long_integer|long int}} size (e.g. {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_32BIT}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_64BIT}}).


Some functions with different implementations for different CPU architectures: 
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|do_boot_cpu}} &gt; {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_secondary}} &gt; {{The Linux Kernel/id|cpu_init}}
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|setup_arch}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|start_thread}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|get_current}}, {{Linux ident|current}}

⚲ API
: {{The Linux Kernel/id|BITS_PER_LONG}}, {{The Linux Kernel/id|__BITS_PER_LONG}}, 

⚙️ Arch internals
: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch}} &amp;ndash; architecture-specific code
:: '''x86'''
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_X86}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/x86}} &amp;ndash; x86 architecture support
::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|drivers/platform/x86}} &amp;ndash; x86 platform drivers
::: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Architectures-x86
::: {{The Linux Kernel/man|1|perf-intel-pt}} &amp;ndash; support for Intel Processor Trace within perf
:: '''ARM'''
::: {{The Linux Kernel/id|CONFIG_ARM}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/arm}}, {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ARM Architecture|arch/arm}}
::: https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Architectures-ARM
::: {{The Linux Kernel/source|arch/arm64}}, {{The Linux Kernel/doc|ARM64 Architecture|arm64}}
: [https://0xax.gitbooks.io/linux-insides/content/Initialization/linux-initialization-5.html architecture-specific initialization]


📖 References
: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|CPU Architectures|arch}}
:: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86-specific|arch/x86}}
::: {{The Linux Kernel/doc|x86_64 Support|arch/x86/x86_64}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pokémon/Characters/Roxanne</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>479625</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641806</id>
      <parentid>4597104</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T09:49:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lexy Feltus</username>
        <id>3610970</id>
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{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne 
| image=[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Tied Up.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor= 
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291 
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190 
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]] 
|}}

'''Roxanne''' is the [[Gym Leader]] of [[Rustboro City]] in [[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]] and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a scholar who specializes in [[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock-type Pokémon]].

==In the Anime==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Tied Up.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne when [[May (Pokémon)|May]] found a lost [[Poliwag]] from Roxanne's school.  Roxanne teaches classes on Pokémon to the citizens of Rustboro. She won't accept a challenge from a trainer unless he or she takes a class at the school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very young children about [[Pokémon]].

After some time spent at the school, Ash challenged Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while being filmed by some of Roxanne's students. Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to defeat both of her Pokémon through a combination of pure electrical power and the Iron Tail technique, taking Roxanne by surprise.

Roxanne apparently knows [[Professor Oak]], as he gives live remote lectures for the students at the school.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the Pokémon anime.
* [[Geodude]]
* [[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Tied Up.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Rock-Loving Honor Student.&quot; Her strategy is Rock-type power attacks. She believes Rock-type Pokémon to be &quot;rock solid&quot;.

Roxanne became a Gym Leader so that she could apply what she learned at the Pokémon Trainers School in battle.  She wants to face many new opponents to see them demonstrate how they battle and with which Pokémon. Her desire is to learn all about Pokémon through battling.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the video games in which she has appeared.

====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
* Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl, Rock throw, Rock Tomb
* Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Tied Up.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely arrogant about her intellect.

Roxanne travels around by riding on her [[Graveler]]. She keeps her [[Nosepass]]'s [[Poké Ball]] in a hollowed-out book. In [[Pokémon Adventures]], [[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in Rustboro eager to win her first Badge. She entered the Rustboro Gym only to see a clasroom full of students listening to a lecture from Roxanne.

Roxanne makes her opponents take a written test as part of the Gym challenge. Despite her difficulty with schoolwork, Sapphire got the highest marks in the testing due to her tutoring from her father, [[Professor Birch]].

Sapphire battled with her [[Aron]] only to have Roxanne's Nosepass block her attacks with Harden. Sapphire was unable to withdraw her Aron from the battle thanks to Nosepass' Magnet Pull. Sapphire, however, realized that Nosepass must always face north and had her Aron attack from behind.

In the [[Hoenn]] conflict, she sided with [[Team Aqua]]. She had worked with Professor Cozmo, who unknowngly assisted the evil team, and reasoned that the Professor wouldn't support an evil group. She changed her mind after [[Kyogre]] and [[Groudon]] started their rampage.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the Pokémon Special manga.
* [[Nosepass]]
* [[Graveler]]

==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|- 
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot; (&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}

{{Pokémon Gym Leaders}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>tfnmv849s2xdh7e7nq7svfifudwdp15</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Nigerian Achicha Ede (Cocoyam Porridge)</title>
    <ns>102</ns>
    <id>483185</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641737</id>
      <parentid>4639679</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T18:58:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>B.Korlah</username>
        <id>3386648</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>B.Korlah moved page [[User:SHE-LOVES-BRIAN/Nigerian Achicha Ede (Cocoyam Porridge)]] to [[User:Cookbook:Nigerian Achicha Ede (Cocoyam Porridge)]]: To the right page</comment>
      <origin>4639679</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2011" sha1="q2wejeykwx97qggpk46iuk795dumonw" xml:space="preserve">{{Incomplete recipe|includecat=no|reason=missing/incorrect linking, missing/incorrect categories, missing header template, excessive capitalization, stylistic adjustments needed}}

Achicha ede is a traditional Igbo people dish made from cocoyam cooked with [[Cookbook:Ingredients|palm oil, vegetables, and local seasonings]]. It is a flavorful and culturally important comfort food in southeastern Nigeria.

== Ingredients ==
{{Recipe summary
| Category = Dinner recipes
| Cuisine = Nigerian
| Servings = 4-6
| Time = 40 minutes
| Difficulty = 3
}}

* [[Cookbook:Cocoyam|4 cups dried cocoyam flakes or cocoyam pieces]]
* [[Cookbook:Palm Oil|1 cup palm oil]]
* [[Cookbook:Shellfish|2 tablespoons ground crayfish]]
* 1 cup ugba (oil bean slices)
* [[Cookbook:Pepper|2–3 Scotch bonnet peppers]]
* [[Cookbook:Onion|1 medium onion]]
* 2 cups leafy vegetables (ugu or scent leaves)
* [[Cookbook:Ingredients|2 seasoning cubes]]
* [[Cookbook:Ingredients|Salt to taste]]
* [[Cookbook:Ingredients|3–4 cups water]]

* [[Cookbook:Ingredients|Dry fish or stockfish (optional)]]

== Procedure ==

* '''Soak the cocoyam flakes'''  Wash and soak the dried cocoyam flakes in warm water until they soften slightly.
* '''Prepare the fish (optional)'''  Wash and boil dry fish or stockfish until soft.
* '''Cook the base'''  In a pot, add water, palm oil, onions, pepper, crayfish, seasoning cubes, and the fish. Bring to a boil.
* '''Add the cocoyam'''  Add the soaked cocoyam flakes and stir gently.
* '''Cook until soft'''  Allow it to cook until the cocoyam becomes tender and absorbs the flavors.
* '''Add ugba and vegetables'''  Stir in the ugba and leafy vegetables.
* '''Simmer briefly'''  Let it cook for a few more minutes so everything combines well.
* '''Adjust seasoning'''  Taste and add salt or seasoning if needed.

* '''Serve hot'''  Serve as a complete traditional meal.

[[Category:Recipes using fish]]
[[Category:Nigerian recipes]]
[[Category:Traditional recipes]]
[[Category:Cookbook pages needing images]]</text>
      <sha1>q2wejeykwx97qggpk46iuk795dumonw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641739</id>
      <parentid>4641737</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T19:00:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>B.Korlah</username>
        <id>3386648</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>B.Korlah moved page [[User:Cookbook:Nigerian Achicha Ede (Cocoyam Porridge)]] to [[Cookbook:Nigerian Achicha Ede (Cocoyam Porridge)]]</comment>
      <origin>4639679</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2011" sha1="q2wejeykwx97qggpk46iuk795dumonw" xml:space="preserve">{{Incomplete recipe|includecat=no|reason=missing/incorrect linking, missing/incorrect categories, missing header template, excessive capitalization, stylistic adjustments needed}}

Achicha ede is a traditional Igbo people dish made from cocoyam cooked with [[Cookbook:Ingredients|palm oil, vegetables, and local seasonings]]. It is a flavorful and culturally important comfort food in southeastern Nigeria.

== Ingredients ==
{{Recipe summary
| Category = Dinner recipes
| Cuisine = Nigerian
| Servings = 4-6
| Time = 40 minutes
| Difficulty = 3
}}

* [[Cookbook:Cocoyam|4 cups dried cocoyam flakes or cocoyam pieces]]
* [[Cookbook:Palm Oil|1 cup palm oil]]
* [[Cookbook:Shellfish|2 tablespoons ground crayfish]]
* 1 cup ugba (oil bean slices)
* [[Cookbook:Pepper|2–3 Scotch bonnet peppers]]
* [[Cookbook:Onion|1 medium onion]]
* 2 cups leafy vegetables (ugu or scent leaves)
* [[Cookbook:Ingredients|2 seasoning cubes]]
* [[Cookbook:Ingredients|Salt to taste]]
* [[Cookbook:Ingredients|3–4 cups water]]

* [[Cookbook:Ingredients|Dry fish or stockfish (optional)]]

== Procedure ==

* '''Soak the cocoyam flakes'''  Wash and soak the dried cocoyam flakes in warm water until they soften slightly.
* '''Prepare the fish (optional)'''  Wash and boil dry fish or stockfish until soft.
* '''Cook the base'''  In a pot, add water, palm oil, onions, pepper, crayfish, seasoning cubes, and the fish. Bring to a boil.
* '''Add the cocoyam'''  Add the soaked cocoyam flakes and stir gently.
* '''Cook until soft'''  Allow it to cook until the cocoyam becomes tender and absorbs the flavors.
* '''Add ugba and vegetables'''  Stir in the ugba and leafy vegetables.
* '''Simmer briefly'''  Let it cook for a few more minutes so everything combines well.
* '''Adjust seasoning'''  Taste and add salt or seasoning if needed.

* '''Serve hot'''  Serve as a complete traditional meal.

[[Category:Recipes using fish]]
[[Category:Nigerian recipes]]
[[Category:Traditional recipes]]
[[Category:Cookbook pages needing images]]</text>
      <sha1>q2wejeykwx97qggpk46iuk795dumonw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641742</id>
      <parentid>4641739</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T19:06:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>B.Korlah</username>
        <id>3386648</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ ++</comment>
      <origin>4641742</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2057" sha1="1hc86t7utvj7zvej3iosw6t5s2nt3un" xml:space="preserve">{{Incomplete recipe|includecat=no|reason=missing/incorrect linking, missing/incorrect categories, missing header template, excessive capitalization, stylistic adjustments needed}}

Achicha ede is a traditional Igbo people dish made from cocoyam cooked with [[Cookbook:Ingredients|palm oil, vegetables, and local seasonings]]. It is a flavorful and culturally important comfort food in southeastern Nigeria. Predominantly eaten by people of Enugu State.

== Ingredients ==
{{Recipe summary
| Category = Dinner recipes
| Cuisine = Nigerian
| Servings = 4-6
| Time = 40 minutes
| Difficulty = 3
}}

* [[Cookbook:Cocoyam|4 cups dried cocoyam flakes or cocoyam pieces]]
* [[Cookbook:Palm Oil|1 cup palm oil]]
* [[Cookbook:Shellfish|2 tablespoons ground crayfish]]
* 1 cup ugba (oil bean slices)
* [[Cookbook:Pepper|2–3 Scotch bonnet peppers]]
* [[Cookbook:Onion|1 medium onion]]
* 2 cups leafy vegetables (ugu or scent leaves)
* [[Cookbook:Ingredients|2 seasoning cubes]]
* [[Cookbook:Ingredients|Salt to taste]]
* [[Cookbook:Ingredients|3–4 cups water]]

* [[Cookbook:Ingredients|Dry fish or stockfish (optional)]]

== Procedure ==

* '''Soak the cocoyam flakes'''  Wash and soak the dried cocoyam flakes in warm water until they soften slightly.
* '''Prepare the fish (optional)'''  Wash and boil dry fish or stockfish until soft.
* '''Cook the base'''  In a pot, add water, palm oil, onions, pepper, crayfish, seasoning cubes, and the fish. Bring to a boil.
* '''Add the cocoyam'''  Add the soaked cocoyam flakes and stir gently.
* '''Cook until soft'''  Allow it to cook until the cocoyam becomes tender and absorbs the flavors.
* '''Add ugba and vegetables'''  Stir in the ugba and leafy vegetables.
* '''Simmer briefly'''  Let it cook for a few more minutes so everything combines well.
* '''Adjust seasoning'''  Taste and add salt or seasoning if needed.

* '''Serve hot'''  Serve as a complete traditional meal.

[[Category:Recipes using fish]]
[[Category:Nigerian recipes]]
[[Category:Traditional recipes]]
[[Category:Cookbook pages needing images]]</text>
      <sha1>1hc86t7utvj7zvej3iosw6t5s2nt3un</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Volkswagen/VIN Codes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>483652</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641718</id>
      <parentid>4641599</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T15:07:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Position 5, Engine Type: */</comment>
      <origin>4641718</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="29771" sha1="an9cfo9p21axa90jfuuvy6gddu0gb2g" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos (Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat (Mid '08)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW CC ('09-'10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW Tiguan ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

{{BookCat}}</text>
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    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641745</id>
      <parentid>4641718</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T20:30:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Position 5, Engine Type: */</comment>
      <origin>4641745</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="30758" sha1="fo9pz568mucmcothoh3ebi8ric5ee7v" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos (Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW CC ('09-'10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

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      <id>4641754</id>
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        <id>3434282</id>
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===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09, '12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09),&lt;br&gt; Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos (Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW CC ('09-'10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 6 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('12-'13), Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

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      <id>4641769</id>
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        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
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      <text bytes="31409" sha1="5wdjfhqwsh5hy2o3rbqy0j9frkv9d7u" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09, '12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09),&lt;br&gt; Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos (Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW CC ('09-'10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 6 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('12-'13), Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

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        <id>3434282</id>
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===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09, '12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09),&lt;br&gt; Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos (Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW CC ('09-Early '10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat (Early '10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat ('10)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. VW CC ('10)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW CC ('10)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 6 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('12-'13), Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

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      <id>4641772</id>
      <parentid>4641771</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T02:15:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
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      <text bytes="32086" sha1="c2t94h4q9wedxxxt3suetpib9wrqxi0" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09, '12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09),&lt;br&gt; Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos (Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW CC ('09-Early '10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat (Early '10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Passat ('10)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. VW CC ('10-'11)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW CC ('10-'11)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. VW Eos ('11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 6 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('12-'13), Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

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    <title>Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Audi/VIN Codes</title>
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===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WAU - Audi (Audi AG) passenger car
* WA1 - Audi (Audi AG) SUV
* WUA - Audi passenger car - quattro GmbH/Audi Sport GmbH (RS3, RS4, RS5, RS6, RS7, TT RS ['18-'22], R8,&lt;br&gt; S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], S4 25quattro Special Edition sedan ['06], S8 plus ['16-'18], Non-North American Mkt. RS Q3, Q7 V12 TDI)
* WU1 - Audi SUV - Audi Sport GmbH (RS Q8)
* TRU - Audi Hungary (Audi Hungaria Motor Kft.) passenger car (only used for TT/TTS &amp; '12-'13 TT RS)
* 3U5 - Audi Mexico SUV

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 4000 4E/4000S 4E ('81-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S ('84)
|-
| A || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('84)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| A || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95), Cabriolet ('95-'98), A4 2.8 ('96-'97), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98)
|-
| A || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan 2.8 ('98-'99), A6 Avant 2.8 ('99)
|-
| A || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3993cc. 560 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS7 ('17-'18)
|-
| A || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 532 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 V10 Quattro ('17-'18), R8 V10 RWS ('18), R8 Rwd ('21)
|-
| A || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q7 3.0T ('17-'19)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || 12v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 261 hp. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 45 TFSI ('21-'25), A4 Allroad  45 TFSI ('21-'25),&lt;br&gt; A5 Coupe/Cabriolet 45 TFSI ('21-'24), A5 Sportback 45 TFSI ('21-'25),&lt;br&gt; Q5 45 TFSI [FY] ('21-'25), Q5 Sportback 45 TFSI [FY] ('21-'25)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 268 hp. &lt;br&gt; Audi Q5 [GU] (Mid '25-'26), Q5 Sportback [GU] (Mid '25-'26), A5 [B10] ('26)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 4000 ('81), Coupe ('81-'83), 5000/5000S ('81-'84)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S ('85-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 81]
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 4000S Quattro ('84-'85), 4000CS Quattro ('86-'87) [Pos. 7-8 of VIN is 85],&lt;br&gt; 5000S ('85-'86)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('88-'89), 90 ('88)
|-
| B || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 100 ('89), 100 Quattro ('89)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('90)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 1.8T ('97-'99)
|-
| B || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 602 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 V10 Plus Quattro ('17-'18), R8 V10 Performance Quattro ('20-'23), R8 GT Rwd ('23)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || 12v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 201 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 40 TFSI ('21-'25), A5 Sportback 40 TFSI ('21-'25), Q5 40 TFSI [FY] ('22-'25)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 268 hp. &lt;br&gt; Audi A5 [B10] (Mid '25)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 255 hp. &lt;br&gt; Audi Q3 ('26)
|-
| C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000 Turbo ('81-'83)
|-
| C || 2.1L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Quattro Coupe ('82‡ &amp; '83-'85), 5000S Turbo ('84-'85)
|-
| C || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91-'92), 80 Quattro ('88-'92), 90 ('88-'91), 90 Quattro ('88-'89),&lt;br&gt; 5000S ('87-'88), 5000S Quattro ('88), 100 ('90-'91), 100 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| C || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo ('89), 200 Turbo Quattro ('89)
|-
| C || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. CA-type emissions. &lt;br&gt; Audi A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('96-'98)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant 1.8T ('00-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet 1.8T ('03-'06), TT [180 hp] ('00-'06)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q5 Hybrid (Early '14)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd 1.8T ('15)
|-
| C || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi SQ5 ('16-'17)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. &lt;br&gt; Audi Q3 ('17-'18) 
|-
| C || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine. 3996cc. 591 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS6 Avant ('21-'23), RS7 ('21-'23)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || 12v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 261 hp. &lt;br&gt; Audi Q7 45 TFSI ('23-'26)
|-
| D || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('84)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT ('85-'87)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 80 ('91), 80 Quattro ('90-'91), 90 ('90)
|-
| D || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe Quattro 20V ('90)
|-
| D || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo ('86-'88), 200 Turbo ('90-'91), 200 Turbo Quattro ('90)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 2.8 ('98-'99)
|-
| D || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('00-'02), A6 2.7T ('00-'04), Allroad Quattro 2.7T ('02-'05)
|-
| D || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 3.2 ('06-'09), TT 3.2 ('05-'06, '08-'09)
|-
| D || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A8 3.0T/55 TFSI ('19-'26)
|-
| D || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine. 3996cc. 621 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS6 Avant performance ('24-'26), RS7 performance ('24-'26)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi Coupe GT 2.3 &quot;Special Build&quot; (Late '87)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 5000CS Turbo Quattro ('86-'88)
|-
| E || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 200 Turbo Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Timing belt. Audi V8 Quattro ('90-'91)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('95)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd 2.0T ('08-'13)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('18-'20), TT ('19-'23), Q3 2.0T/45 TFSI ('19-'20), Q3 S Line 45 TFSI ('21-'25)
|-
| E || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine. 3996cc. 453 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi A8 4.0T ('19-'21)
|-
| E || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine. 562 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 V10 Quattro ('20), R8 V10 Performance Rwd ('22-'23)
|-
| F || 2.3L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 Quattro 20V ('90-'91), Coupe Quattro 20V ('91)
|-
| F || 3.7L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. Timing belt. Audi A8 3.7 ('97-'99)
|-
| F || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT 3.2 ('04-'05)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. &lt;br&gt; Audi A3 2.0T ('06-'08), A4 sedan 2.0T (Mid '05-'08), A4 Avant 2.0T (Mid '05-'08),&lt;br&gt; A4 Cabriolet 2.0T ('07-'09), TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 2.0T ('08-'11), A3 2.0T Quattro ('12-'13), A4 sedan 2.0T ('09-'12), A4 sedan 2.0T Fwd ('13-'16), A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/man. trans. ('13-'16), A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. (Early '13),&lt;br&gt; A4 Avant 2.0T ('09-'12), Allroad 2.0T (Early '13), A5 2.0T ('10-'12),&lt;br&gt; A5 Coupe 2.0T Quattro w/man. trans. ('13-'15), A5 Cabriolet 2.0T Fwd ('13-'14),&lt;br&gt; A5 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. (Early '13), A6 2.0T ('12-'16), TT ('09-'15), Q3 ('15-'16),&lt;br&gt; Q5 2.0T ('11-Early '13)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd 2.0T (Early prod. '12)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. ('13-'16), Allroad 2.0T ('13-'16),&lt;br&gt; A5 2.0T Quattro w/auto. trans. ('13-'15), Q5 2.0T ('13-'15)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('15)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 288 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi S3 Quattro ('15)
|-
| F || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3993cc. 450 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('17-'18), S7 ('17-'18)
|-
| F || 2.9L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('20-'25), S7 ('20-'25)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Diesel ('82)
|-
| G || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('81)
|-
| G || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; Audi A8 4.2 ('97-'99)
|-
| G || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.2 (Mid '05-'06), A6 3.2 ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('10-'16), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'15, Early '16), S5 coupe ('13-'15), A6 3.0T ('09-'16),&lt;br&gt; A7 3.0T ('12-'16), A8 3.0T ('13-'15), Q5 3.0T ('13-'15), SQ5 ('14-'15), Q7 3.0T ('11-'15)
|-
| G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi A5 2.0T w/man. trans. ('16-'17)
|-
| G || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('16)
|-
| G || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q5 Hybrid ('16)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Audi 4000 Turbo Diesel ('83)
|-
| H || 2.0L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Diesel ('82)
|-
| H || 2.0L || I5 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. Audi 5000 Turbo Diesel ('83)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 2.8 ('00-'01), A6 2.8 ('00-'01)
|-
| H || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.2 ('06-'08), A4 Cabriolet 3.2 ('07-'09), A6 3.2 ('06-'09)
|-
| H || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. &lt;br&gt; Audi Q7 2.0T ('17-'19)
|-
| H || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; Audi A8 60 TFSI e ('20-'21)
|-
| J || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'94), 100 ('92-'94)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 TDI ('10-'13)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 TDI ('15)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 248 hp. &lt;br&gt; Audi Q7 45 TFSI ('20-'22)
|-
| K || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi 90 ('93-'95), 100 ('92-'94) 
|-
| K || 3.2L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3197cc. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan 3.2 ('09), A5 3.2 ('08-'10), A6 3.2 ('10-'11), Q5 3.2 ('09-'12)
|-
| L || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 1. Iron Block. &lt;br&gt; Audi Cabriolet ('94-'95)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 4.2 ('00-'04), A8 4.2 ('00-'06)
|-
| L || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 sedan/Avant ('04-'08), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09),&lt;br&gt; A6 4.2 ('05-'06), Allroad Quattro 4.2 ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 TDI ('14-'16), A7 TDI ('14-'16), A8 TDI ('14-'15), Q5 TDI ('14-'15), Q7 TDI ('09-'15)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 188 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 Ultra 2.0T Fwd ('17-'18), A4 2.0T Fwd ('19-'20)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 V10 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('07-'11), S8 ('07-'09)
|-
| N || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. &lt;br&gt; Audi A4 2.0T Fwd/Quattro ('17-'18), A4 2.0T Quattro ('19-'20), A4 Allroad Quattro ('17-'20),&lt;br&gt; A5 Coupe/Cabriolet 2.0T Quattro ('18-'20), A5 Sportback 2.0T Quattro ('18-'20),&lt;br&gt; Q5 2.0T Quattro ('18-'20)
|-
| P || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('92-'93)
|-
| P || 2.7L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; Audi Allroad Quattro 2.7T ('01)
|-
| P || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Sportback e-tron ('16-'18)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; SULEV.&lt;br&gt; Audi A7 55 TFSI e ('21-'22)
|-
| R || 2.2L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; Audi S4 [C4 (4A)] ('93-'94)
|-
| R || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('05-'09)
|-
| R || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3993cc. 605 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS7 performance ('16-'18)
|-
| R || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi A8 TDI ('16)
|-
| R || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine. 3996cc. 591 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS Q8 ('20-'24)
|-
| R || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine. 3996cc. 631 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS Q8 performance ('25-'26)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT (Early '00)
|-
| S || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3993cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S8 ('16)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct/Port injection. Audi EA855 Evo engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT RS ('18-'22)
|-
| S || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine. 3996cc. 563 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi S8 ('20-'26)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo Twin [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. High Output - 225 hp. Single Turbo, Twin Intercoolers. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'06)
|-
| T || 3.0L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 3. Aluminum block.&lt;br&gt; Audi A4 sedan/Avant 3.0 ('02-Mid '05), A4 Cabriolet 3.0 ('03-'06), A6 3.0 ('02-'04)
|-
| T || &quot;3.2L&quot; || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. 3.1L=3123cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 3.2 ('05)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 Avant ('02-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS4 sedan ('07-'08), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
|-
| U || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 ('08-'12, '14-'15)
|-
| U || 5.2L || 90° V10 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || Direct injection. Dry sump lubrication. Audi EA824 V10 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi R8 V10 coupe w/man. trans. (Early '14) [when U in 5th pos. of VIN follows G in 4th pos. of VIN]
|-
| U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 2.0T Fwd ('17)
|-
| U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 2.0T Fwd ('18-'20), Q3 40 TFSI ('21-'22)
|-
| U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q3 40 TFSI ('23-'24 &amp; '25 in Canada)
|-
| U || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; TSI. Timing chain. 201 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 40 TFSI ('22-'26)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'93)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
|-
| V || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi S5 coupe ('08-'12), A6 4.2 ('07-'11), A8 4.2 ('07-'12), Q7 4.2 ('07-'10)
|-
| V || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. Audi Q5 TDI ('16)
|-
| V || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q8 3.0T/55 TFSI ('19-'26),  Q7 55 TFSI ('25-'26)
|-
| W || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. Audi V8 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. Audi V8 Quattro ('92-'94)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct/Port injection. Audi EA855 Evo engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS3 ('17-'20)
|-
| W || 2.9L || 90° V6 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS5 coupe ('18-'19, '21-'24), RS5 Sportback ('19, '21-'25)
|-
| W || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Porsche-Audi EA825 engine. 3996cc. 500 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi SQ7 ('20-'26), SQ8 ('20-'26)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct/Port injection. Audi EA855 Evo engine. 394 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS3 ('25-'26)
|-
| X || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp. &lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('01-'02)
|-
| X || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q7 55 TFSI ('20-'24)
|-
| Y || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q7 3.6 ('07-'10)
|-
| 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; Audi TTS ('10-'15) 
|-
| 1 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 288 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi S3 Quattro ('16-'20), TTS ('16-'23)
|-
| 2 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3993cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi S6 ('13-'16), S7 ('13-'16), RS7 ('14-'16), A8 4.0T ('13-'15), S8 ('13-'15)
|-
| 2 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas/E85 || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Flex Fuel. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi A5 2.0T w/auto. trans. ('16-'17), Q5 2.0T ('16-'17)
|-
| 2 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 3.0T ('17), A7 3.0T ('17)
|-
| 2 || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || 48v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 3.0T/55 TFSI ('19-'25), A6 Allroad ('20-'26), A7 3.0T/55 TFSI ('19-'25)
|-
| 2 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric [[w:Plug-in hybrid|PHEV]] || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q5 55 TFSI e [FY] ('20-'25)
|-
| 3 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA855 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT RS ('12-'13)
|-
| 3 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3993cc.&lt;br&gt; Audi A8 4.0T ('16-'18)
|-
| 3 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine. Higher Output: 340 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 3.0T Competition ('17), A6 3.0T ('18), A7 3.0T Competition ('17), A7 3.0T ('18)
|-
| 3 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || 12v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 261 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 Sport 45 TFSI ('21), A6 45 TFSI ('22-'25)
|-
| 3 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 306 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi S3 Quattro ('22-'24)
|-
| 4 || 6.3L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || Direct injection. VW W12 engine. Audi A8 W12 ('12-'15)
|-
| 4 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S5 coupe ('16-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('16-'17), A8 3.0T ('16-'18)
|-
| 4 || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S4 ('18-'25), S5 coupe/cabriolet ('18-'24), S5 Sportback ('18-'25), SQ5 [FY] ('18-'25),&lt;br&gt; SQ5 Sportback [FY] ('21-'25)
|-
| 4 || 2.5L || I5 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct/Port injection. Audi EA855 Evo engine. 401 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS3 ('22-'24)
|-
| 5 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('16-'17)
|-
| 5 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi TT ('18)
|-
| 5 || 4.0L || V8 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Bentley EA824 engine. 3993cc. 605 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi S8 plus ('16-'18)
|-
| 5 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. High Output: 328 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi S3 Quattro ('25-'26)
|-
| 5 || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi-Porsche EA839 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi S5 [B10] (Mid '25-'26), SQ5 [GU] (Mid '25-'26), SQ5 Sportback [GU] (Mid '25-'26), A6 [C9] ('26)
|-
| 6 || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi RS5 ('13-'15)
|-
| 7 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 Fwd 1.8T ('16)
|-
| 7 || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q5 3.0T ('16-'17)
|-
| 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; Audi Q5 Hybrid ('13-'15)
|-
| 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('16-'17)
|-
| 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi A3 2.0T Quattro ('18)
|-
| 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 2.0T ('17-'18)
|-
| 8 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || 12v Mild Hybrid. Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 248 hp.&lt;br&gt; Audi A6 2.0T/45 TFSI ('19-'21)
|}

‡1982 Audi Quattro: 3-4 cars were imported to the US for marketing purposes and as press cars. They remained in the US after those uses ended and transitioned into private ownership. These cars carry US-style VINs rather than European-style VINs. 3 VINs have been found. Their serial numbers (last 6 digits of VIN) are 900565, 900586, and 900648. The Audi Quattro was officially sold in the US for the 1983-1985 model years.

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| A ||APA250 (Front) / AKA320 (Rear)|| Electricity || All ||95 Kwh (gross) / 83.6 Kwh (net) || Audi e-tron quattro ('19), e-tron Sportback quattro ('20)
|-
| A ||APA250 (Front) / AKA320 (Rear)|| Electricity || All ||95 Kwh (gross) / 86.5 Kwh (net) || Audi e-tron quattro ('21-'23), e-tron Sportback quattro ('21-'23)
|-
| A ||APA250 (Front) / AKA320 (Rear)|| Electricity || All ||114 Kwh (gross) / 106 Kwh (net) || Audi Q8 e-tron quattro ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback quattro ('24)
|-
| C ||APA320 (1 Front) / ATA250 (2 Rear)|| Electricity || All ||95 Kwh (gross) / 86.5 Kwh (net) || Audi e-tron S quattro ('22-'23), e-tron S Sportback quattro ('22-'23)
|-
| C ||APA320 (1 Front) / ATA250 (2 Rear)|| Electricity || All ||114 Kwh (gross) / 106 Kwh (net) || Audi SQ8 e-tron quattro ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback quattro ('24)
|-
| C ||APP310 (Rear) || Electricity || Rear ||82 Kwh (gross) / 77 Kwh (net) || Audi Q4 e-tron 40 ('23-Mid '24)
|-
| C ||APP580 (Rear)|| Electricity || Rear ||100 Kwh (gross) / 94.4 Kwh (net) || Audi A6 e-tron Sportback ('25)
|-
| D ||APA275 (Front) / APP580 (Rear)|| Electricity || All ||100 Kwh (gross) / 94.4 Kwh (net) || Audi A6 e-tron Sportback quattro ('25)
|-
| E ||APA275 (Front) / APP580 (Rear)|| Electricity || All ||100 Kwh (gross) / 94.4 Kwh (net) || Audi S6 e-tron Sportback quattro ('25)
|-
| H ||V662 (Front) Code EBGA / V663 (Rear) (Higher output-Code EBEA)|| Electricity || All ||93.4 Kwh (gross) / 83.7 Kwh (net) || Audi RS e-tron GT quattro ('22-'24)
|-
| J ||V662 (Front) Code EBGA / V663 (Rear) Code EBFA|| Electricity || All ||93.4 Kwh (gross) / 83.7 Kwh (net) || Audi e-tron GT quattro ('22-'24)
|-
| U ||HASCO Magna asynchronous motor (Front) / APP550 (Rear) || Electricity || All ||82 Kwh (gross) / 77 Kwh (net) || Audi Q4 e-tron 55 quattro (Mid '24-'26), Q4 e-tron Sportback 55 quattro (Mid '24-'26)
|-
| 2 ||HASCO Magna asynchronous motor (Front) / APP310 (Rear) || Electricity || All ||82 Kwh (gross) / 77 Kwh (net) || Audi Q4 e-tron 50 quattro ('22-Mid '24), Q4 e-tron Sportback 50 quattro ('22-Mid '24)
|-
| 2 ||APP580 (Rear)|| Electricity || Rear ||100 Kwh (gross) / 94.4 Kwh (net) || Audi Q6 e-tron ('25)
|-
| 4 ||APA275 (Front) / APP580 (Rear)|| Electricity || All ||100 Kwh (gross) / 94.4 Kwh (net) || Audi Q6 e-tron quattro ('25), Q6 e-tron Sportback quattro ('25)
|-
| 5 ||APP550 (Rear) || Electricity || Rear ||82 Kwh (gross) / 77 Kwh (net) || Audi Q4 e-tron 45 ('25-'26)
|-
| 5 ||APA275 (Front) / APP580 (Rear)|| Electricity || All ||100 Kwh (gross) / 94.4 Kwh (net) || Audi SQ6 e-tron quattro ('25), SQ6 e-tron Sportback quattro ('25)
|-
| 8 || (Front) / (Rear) || Electricity || All ||105 Kwh (gross) / 97 Kwh (net) || Audi RS e-tron GT performance quattro ('25-'26)
|-
| 9 || (Front) / (Rear) || Electricity || All ||105 Kwh (gross) / 97 Kwh (net) || Audi S e-tron GT quattro ('25-'26)
|}
HASCO Magna=HASCO Magna Electric Drive Systems Co., Ltd.

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*2 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('00-'06 TT)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('04-'07 A8)
*5 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (A3, A4, A6, Allroad)
*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('06-'09 A3, A4, A6, Allroad)

*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 TT, R8, '09 TTS)
*4 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags ('03-'09 A4 Cabriolet, '04-'09 S4 Cabriolet, '08 RS4 Cabriolet)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags (Except '08-'09 A8/S8)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('08-'09 A8/S8)

*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10- A5/S5 Cabriolet, '10- TT/TTS, '12-'13 TT RS, '10- R8)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10-'11 A5/S5 Coupe, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*B = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags ('10- A3, '10- A4/S4, '10- A6/S6, '12- A7, '10- Q5, '10- Q7)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('12- A5/S5 Coupe)
*A = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Sideguard Side Curtain Airbags &amp; Front Knee Airbags ('10-' A8)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*8P = A3 ('06-'09)
*81 = 4000 Fwd ('81-'87)
*85 = 4000 Quattro ('84-'87), Coupe ('81-'83), Coupe GT ('84-'87), Quattro ('82‡ &amp; '83-'85)
*89 = 80/90 ('88-'89)
*8A = 80 ('90-'92), 90 ('90-'91)
*8C = 90 ('93-'95)
*8B = Coupe Quattro ('90-'91)
*8G = Cabriolet ('94-'98)
*8D = A4 ('96-'01), S4 ('00-'02)
*8E = A4 ('02-'08), S4 ('04-'08), RS4 ('07-'08)
*8H = A4 Cabriolet ('03-'09), S4 Cabriolet ('04-'09), RS4 Cabriolet ('08)
*8K = A4 ('09)
*8T = A5 coupe ('08-'09), S5 coupe ('08-'09)
*43 = 5000 ('81-'83)
*44 = 5000 ('84-'88), 100/200 ('89-'91)
*4A = 100/S4 ('92-'94), A6 sedan ('95-'97), A6 wagon ('95-'98), S6 ('95 &amp; '96-'97 in Canada)
*4B = A6 sedan ('98-'04), A6 Avant wagon ('99-'04), Allroad ('01-'05), S6 ('02-'03), RS6 (US: '03, Canada: '04)
*4F = A6 ('05-'09), S6 ('07-'09)
*44 = V8 Quattro ('90)
*4A = V8 Quattro ('91-'94)
*4D = A8 ('97-'03), S8 ('01-'03)
*4E = A8 ('04-'09), S8 ('07-'09)
*8N = TT ('00-'06)
*8J = TT ('08-'09), TTS ('09)
*42 = R8 ('08-'09)
*8R = Q5 ('09)
*4L = Q7 ('07-'09)

2010-:
*FM (Type 8P) = A3 ('10-'13)
*FF (Type 8V) = A3 ('15-'20), S3 ('15-'20), RS3 ('17-'20), A3 Sportback e-tron [PHEV] '16-'18
*GY (Type 8Y) = A3/S3/RS3 ('22-)
*FL (Type 8K) = A4 ('10-'16), Allroad ('13-'16), S4 ('10-'16)
*F4 (Type 8W) = A4 ('17-'25), A4 Allroad ('17-'25), S4 ('18-'25)
*FR (Type 8T) = A5 Coupe ('10-'17), S5 Coupe ('10-'17), RS5 Coupe ('13-'15)
*FH (Type 8F) = A5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), S5 Cabriolet ('10-'17), RS5 Cabriolet ('13-'15)
*F5 = A5 ('18-'25), S5 ('18-'25), RS5 ('18-'19, '21-'25) [Coupe/Cabriolet: '18-'24, Sportback: '18-'25]
*FU = A5/S5 ('25-)
*FB (Type 4F) = A6 ('10-'11), S6 ('10-'11)
*FC (Type 4G) = A6 ('12-'18), S6 ('13-'18)
*FC (Type 4G) = A7 ('12-'18), S7 ('13-'18), RS7 ('14-'18)
*F2 (Type 4A) = A6 ('19-'25), S6 ('20-'25), RS6 Avant ('21-'26), A6 Allroad ('20-'26)
*F2 (Type 4K) = A7 ('19-'25), S7 ('20-'25), RS7 ('21-'26)
*FN = A6 ('26-)
*GH = A6 e-tron, S6 e-tron ('25, '27)
*FA (Type 4E) = A8 ('10)
*FD (Type 4H) = A8 ('11-'18), S8 ('13-'16), S8 plus ('16-'18)
*F8 (Type 4N) = A8 ('19-'26), S8 ('20-'26)
*FW (Type F8) = e-tron GT ('22-'24), RS e-tron GT ('22-'24), S e-tron GT ('25-), RS e-tron GT performance ('25-)
*FK (Type 8J) = TT ('10-'15), TTS ('10-'15), TT RS ('12-'13)
*FV (Type FV or 8S) = TT ('16-'23), TTS ('16-'23), TT RS ('18-'22)
*FG (Type 42) = R8 ('10-'12, '14-'15)
*FX (Type 4S) = R8 ('17-'18, '20-'23)
*FS (Type 8U) = Q3 ('15-'18)
*F3 = Q3 ('19-'25)
*FJ = Q3 ('26-)
*FZ (Type F4) = Q4 e-tron, Q4 e-tron Sportback ('22-)
*FP (Type 8R) = Q5 ('10-'17), SQ5 ('14-'17)
*FY = Q5 ('18-'25), SQ5 ('18-'25), Q5 Sportback ('21-'25), SQ5 Sportback ('21-'25)
*GU = Q5 ('25-'26), SQ5 ('25-'26), Q5 Sportback ('25-'26), SQ5 Sportback ('25-'26)
*GF = Q6 e-tron, SQ6 e-tron, Q6 e-tron Sportback, SQ6 e-tron Sportback ('25, '27)
*FE (Type 4L) = Q7 ('10-'15)
*F7 (Type 4M) = Q7 ('17-), SQ7 ('20-)
*F1 (Type 4M) = Q8 ('19-), SQ8 ('20-), RS Q8 ('20-)
*GE = e-tron ('19, '21-'23), e-tron S ('22-'23), e-tron Sportback ('20-'23), e-tron S Sportback ('22-'23),&lt;br&gt; Q8 e-tron ('24), SQ8 e-tron ('24), Q8 e-tron Sportback ('24), SQ8 e-tron Sportback ('24)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was always used in US &amp; Canada. In Europe, Check Digit in 9th position of VIN was adopted for 2002 model year. Prior to the 2002 model year, a letter Z was used in the 9th position of the VIN in Europe.

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* A:    Ingolstadt, Germany
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* K:    Rheine, Germany (Karmann plant: Cabriolet ['98], A4 Cabriolet ['03-'09], S4 Cabriolet ['04-'09], RS4 Cabriolet ['08]
* N:    Neckarsulm, Germany
* P:    Zwickau, Germany
* R:    Martorell, Spain
* 1:    Gyor, Hungary
* 2:    San Jose Chiapa, Puebla state, Mexico
* 7:    Heilbronn, Germany

Other plant codes for non-North American models:
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: V8L) 
* U:    Uitenhage, South Africa
* X:    Poznan, Poland
* Z:    Zuffenhausen, Germany (Porsche plant: RS2 Avant)
* 3:    Changchun, China (FAW-VW plant)
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 9:    Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina (Volkswagen Sarajevo d.o.o. plant)

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

{{BookCat}}</text>
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    <title>Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/2026/June</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>483978</id>
    <revision>
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      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="2355" sha1="0yl03ifgziiqc3043onkboj9ljllhog" xml:space="preserve">{{talk archive}}

== GSTFILLING reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|GSTFILLING}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/GSTFILLING/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:29, 5 June 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 12:45, 5 June 2026 (UTC)
== ~2026-29002-30 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|~2026-29002-30}}

Abusing multiple accounts: [[Special:Contributions/Babywacko]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/~2026-29002-30/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:20, 9 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:42, 9 June 2026 (UTC)
== ShaneWarne1 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|ShaneWarne1}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/ShaneWarne1/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:45, 11 June 2026 (UTC)
: Globally locked by M7. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 22:12, 11 June 2026 (UTC)
== Nsysgroup reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Nsysgroup}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Nsysgroup/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:36, 11 June 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} by [[User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 00:21, 13 June 2026 (UTC)
== &quot;Smithjack123&quot; reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|&quot;Smithjack123&quot;}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/&quot;Smithjack123&quot;/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:25, 15 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:02, 15 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>0yl03ifgziiqc3043onkboj9ljllhog</sha1>
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  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Atomic Chess Opening Theory</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484028</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641799</id>
      <parentid>4641644</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T07:58:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AtomicChess</username>
        <id>3609849</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641799</origin>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1215" sha1="gdlf7ncowrp3vq02y9odjohs1r8wq87" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess diagram
| tright
| Initial position in Atomic Chess
|=

|rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd
|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl
|rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl
| Atomic Chess starts with the standard chess setup.
}}
== Starting position ==
This is the starting position, the way the pieces are laid out when you first set them up at the start of a game of chess. White moves first, so they have the first choice of how to proceed.

== Tree for this book ==
* [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3|1. Nf3]]
** [[Atomic Chess Opening Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6|1...f6]]
*** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3|2. Nc3]]
**** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6|2...Nh6]]
***** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4|3. g4]]
****** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4/3...c6|3...c6]]
******* [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4/3...c6/4._d4|4. d4]]
*** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nd4|2. Nd4]]
**** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nd4/2...Nh6|2...Nh6]]


{{BookCat}}</text>
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        <username>AtomicChess</username>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1318" sha1="7xpzb77zkrwbzzjb3fa5atpzrdbc1uf" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess diagram
| tright
| Initial position in Atomic Chess
|=

|rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd
|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl
|rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl
| Atomic Chess starts with the standard chess setup.
}}
== Starting position ==
This is the starting position, the way the pieces are laid out when you first set them up at the start of a game of chess. White moves first, so they have the first choice of how to proceed.

== Tree for this book ==
* [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3|1. Nf3]]
** [[Atomic Chess Opening Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6|1...f6]]
*** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3|2. Nc3]]
**** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6|2...Nh6]]
***** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4|3. g4]]
****** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4/3...c6|3...c6]]
******* [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4/3...c6/4._d4|4. d4]]
******** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4/3...c6/4._d4/4...e6|4...e6]]
*** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nd4|2. Nd4]]
**** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nd4/2...Nh6|2...Nh6]]


{{BookCat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Typewriting</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484043</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641795</id>
      <parentid>4641590</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T06:35:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kai Burghardt</username>
        <id>153973</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* typewriting */ fix a spelling mistake /* markup */ replace textual description of rotation with CSS rotation /* characters */ fix a spelling mistake /* DIN‐Norm 5008 business letter */ fix a spelling mistake</comment>
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      <text bytes="71215" sha1="a6c0qre8gqjdpibw1t2ql14mt8zbgin" xml:space="preserve">{{new book}}&lt;!-- delete {{new book}} on ≥ 2026‑07‑11 --&gt;
{{displaytitle|title=𝚃𝚢𝚙𝚎𝚠𝚛𝚒𝚝𝚒𝚗𝚐}}
Typewriters are machines that can be used to print texts on paper.
Today, typewriters are obsolete technology;
they are uneconomic and have been superseded by electronic devices.

== about ==
{{IPA notice}}&lt;!-- transcription of word platen --&gt;
{{reading level|intermediate}}
In the heyday of typewriters hundreds of books were written on typewriting.
Unfortunately, when typewriters fell out of favor many people simply threw them away.
It may be difficult to find and get a copy.
This collaboratively edited Wikibook attempts to address the demand.
Typewriter enthusiasts around the world have created and shared thousands upon thousands of instructional videos.
We are glad you are considering reading an easily searchable textbook instead or to supplement video instructions.
; learning objective
: skillful use of non‐specialized typewriters &lt;!-- stenographic typewriters used by court reporters, Braille typewriters used by blind people  --&gt; designed to type up general documents in English
; target audience
: seeing and hearing adults
; not covered in this Wikibook
: This book is {{em|not}} &lt;!-- the {{em}} template is used so a text search for a straight/typewriter apostrophe yields more relevant results --&gt; about touchtyping, the skill of typing without looking at the keys (sometimes by layman also called {{em|typewriting}}), because it is a largely transferable skill (cmp. [[#legacy|§&amp;nbsp;legacy]]). This book does not provide product guidance, choosing the right typewriter that suits your needs. Only very mundane “artistic” use is described, not like “ASCII art” or similar.
; structure
: top‐down: general instructions, then delve into details; &lt;!-- in the spirit of Wikibooks ain’t paper --&gt; a lot of information is repeated multiple times so you may refer to sections in a handbook manner; {{em|strictly}} continuous reading from stem to stern should not be necessary
; guidelines for co‐authors
: there are hundreds upon hundreds of (printed) books on typewriting, what makes this book different is extensive hyperlinking; note that Wikibooks holds back on interwiki (and interbook) linking, this book has to be self‐contained; write one sentence per physical line to facilitate readable diffs

&lt;!-- limit = 3 corresponds to &lt;h3&gt; [h3 being inclusive] --&gt;{{TOC|limit=3}}{{clear}}
== typewriting ==
This section provides some background information.
Feel free to [[#supplies|skip it entirely]].
Note, similar to {{em|computer}}, a {{em|typewriter}} can refer to a person {{em|using}} a machine called {{em|typewriter}};
however, {{em|this}} use is&amp;nbsp;– just like the word {{em|computer}} referring to a person&amp;nbsp;– deemed archaic.

[[Image: Schreibmaschinen-Typen.jpg|thumb|alt=An array of levers featuring mirrored outlines of characters.|Terminology: In the (type) basket one (type) bar with a (type) slug at its top end is raised.]]
=== legacy ===
&lt;!-- This section is about the legacy left {{em|by the machine}}. The habits people adopted and still show&amp;nbsp;– such as writing abbreviations without intervening spaces {{mono|e.g.}}&amp;nbsp; are not considered legacy for the purposes of this section. --&gt;
* To this day ({{as of|2026|alt=2026&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|CE|common era}}}}) {{em|almost all computer keyboards}} use a {{em|staggered}} keyboard layout{{noprint|1={{hover info|the specific physical arrangement of keys}}}}, even though
** there is no mechanical need for that (there are no levers),
** there is not any consumer demand (anymore) to ease the transition {{em|from a typewriter}} to a computer keyboard,
** nor is it natural for humans’ fingers to move laterally.
* Although there is no chance that levers collide and and get jammed, the predominant key mappings{{noprint|1={{hover info|the assignment of keys to characters or functions}}}} are based on the typewriter keyboard mapping. {{em|One}} of the considerations for the predominant typewriter “QWERTY” key mapping is that when typing fast {{em|physically}} near type bars may get [[#jam|jammed]], hence pulling apart common character combinations reduced the chance of jams.
* On computer keyboards the {{key press|shift}} key is still called {{key press|shift}} even though it does not shift anything. On actual typewriters the {{key press|shift}} key {{em|actually moves}} the basket&amp;nbsp;– the entirety of the assembly holding the type bars together&amp;nbsp;– or carriage&amp;nbsp;– the unit that holds the paper.
* Key tops are labeled as if there was only one key mapping. In fact the keyboard mapping can be changed electronically, the key labeled {{key press|D}} producing an {{code|A}} is no problem. There is no {{em|mechanical}} connection between the key {{key press|D}} producing a {{code|D}}.

=== preference ===
Few authors of novels&amp;nbsp;– and not necessarily just those who grew up in the prime days of typewriters&amp;nbsp;– claim they used typewriters because it facilitated and matched their authoring workflow.
A {{em|typescript}} (typewritten manuscript) has the benefit that a publisher can perform {{abbr|OCR|optical character recognition}}, the computerized extraction of text from scanned images.

== supplies ==
Typewriters need paper and ink, and not just any paper and ink.
(Preparing masters for hectography&amp;nbsp;– a small batch replication method&amp;nbsp;– is also possible, but &lt;!-- currently --&gt; not explained in this book.)

[[Image: Hermes Rocket 1959 type specimen.png|thumb|alt=All letters a typewriter can produce next to a ruler marked in centimeters and inch.|Upon closer inspection the blot of white ink can be identified.]]
=== paper ===
==== color ====
Should you want to be able to correct typing mistakes with correction fluids or tapes, use {{em|white}} paper because the correction fluid or tape is {{em|primarily}} available in white.
Thus correcting typing mistakes on 100% recycling paper results in unsightly bright white spots, unnecessarily {{em|drawing}} the attention to the fact that you typed something wrong and had to correct it.
Other methods to correct typing mistakes are not as sensitive to the paper’s color;
still you get the best photocopies with white paper.

==== grammage ====
Typewriters can print on paper that has a certain range of grammage.
{{em|Grammage}} refers to the mass per area.
* If the paper is too thin, glyphs with eyes such as {{code|D}} or {{code|o}} may punch holes into the sheet. Less than about 75&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|gsm|grams per square meter}} is too thin. It is possible to “just” type lightly, but this tends to produce quite faint lettering, too.
* If the paper is too thick, the paper might not {{em|reliably}} advance. Consider anything in the neighborhood of 300&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|gsm|grams per square meter}} too much. You {{em|can}} still help push and hold your paper with a hand, e.&amp;#8239;g. for one‐time prints like business or place cards, however, the typewriter’s platen‐roller also {{em|curls}} the paper.
The most abundant retail paper has a grammage of 80&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|gsm|grams per square meter}} or 90&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|gsm|grams per square meter}}, so it is easy to obtain.
If you intend to produce carbon copies, choose the thinner paper of the two.

==== dimensions ====
{{anchor|maximum length}}
There is no actual {{em|maximum length}}&amp;nbsp;– length referring to the secondary writing direction (for Latin‐based scripts like English usually downward).
Otherwise, there are maximum and minimum dimensions for sheets.

{{anchor|maximum width}}
The {{em|maximum width}} is dictated by the paper feed slot.
Keep in mind that the typewriter may not be able to type all the way to the (physically imposed) margins, neither is there usually any need.

{{anchor|minimum size}}
The {{em|minimum size}} needs to be tested.
If the paper is too small, it does not advance reliably, maybe even gets skewed because there is no sufficient grip.
It is recommended to simply write on a large sheet and {{em|cut it down}} to the desired size when finished.
Another method is to use a backing sheet, a larger paper, and secure the smaller one with paperclips.

=== ink ===
{{noprint|1={{wikipedia|ink ribbon}}}}
The necessary ink is stored on ribbons.
There are two types, the typewriter accepting only one of them:
* plastic film on one side coated with carbon (at least {{em|originally}}; different mixtures were {{em|in use since}}, yet it is {{em|still}} referred to as “carbon”)
* textile ribbons tinctured with ink
Both are available with either correctable or indelible ink{{noprint|1={{hover info|indelible ink is typically employed if documents need to be tamper‐evident and remain easily legible in several decades}}}}.
And to add insult to injury, there are various ribbon widths.

{{helpful hint
| title = privacy
| hint  = Because of the gaps left on (correctable) carbon tapes, typed texts can usually be reconstructed, albeit without spaces and formatting.&lt;!-- Textile ribbons {{em|may}} suffer from the same problem only upon first use. --&gt;
}}
The plastic film comes in easy to install cartridges.
Since the carbon is transferred from the film to the paper, there are gaps:
this means the film is single use only.
Have replacement ready.

{{helpful hint
| title = re‐inking
| hint  = Ensure the ink dries before winding it up. Moisture and poor ventilation, i.&amp;#x202F;e. when wound up, facilitate grow of {{em|mold}}, another disadvantage.
}}
Textile ribbons deplete gradually.
They can be re‐inked (either automatically via a “sponge” or manually, although {{abbr|DIY|do it yourself}} can get pretty messy).
Unfortunately, textile ribbons also wear out.

=== accessories ===
Unavailable [[#characters|characters]] are augmented by hand.
Have a pen that matches the ink color and character line thickness.
To plan ahead [[#tabulation|tables]] or similar you may find graph paper&amp;nbsp;– paper with a 5&amp;nbsp;mm grid printed on it&amp;nbsp;– useful;
today, of course, you can use a computer and a text editor.

{{noprint|1={{wikipedia|correction fluid|correction tape|typewriter eraser}}}}&lt;!-- omitted from print because URLs get printed in full, too, wasting a lot of space --&gt;
Nobody is perfect.
Have correction fluid, correction tape, or razor/scalpel to [[#mistakes|delete typing mistakes]].
You can also use a special eraser, yet this produces detritus to be kept out of the machine.
Choose according to your requirements and preferences.

Alternatively, many electric typewriters can be equipped with a far more convenient correction tape.
There are two types:
* If a carbon‑C tape&amp;nbsp;– {{em|C}} stands for {{em|correctable}}&amp;nbsp;– is used, the ink can be removed with a lift‐off tape. This tape is comparable to adhesive tape.
* If {{em|indelible}} ink is used, there are whiteout tapes. They simply cover up the incorrect character; it is still there.

== operation ==
Typewriters are {{em|mechanical}} machines.
Some things may not work as smoothly as it used when the original manufacturer delivered them.
You may need to start with {{delink|[[#maintenance|maintenance]]}}.

=== environment ===
* A typewriter takes up space. Ensure the carriage can move all the way from left to right and you can still comfortably access the controls.
* The inertia of the carriage as it advances to the next character position may rock “light”‐weight portable typewriters enough to make them move on a smooth surface. Ensure you cannot easily push your typewriter sideways with your hand. Possibly place the typewriter on rubber like a place mat. Some rubber mat may be recommended anyway to decouple mechanical vibrations to some degree 
* There are exceptionally {{em|quiet}} typewriters (“noiseless”), but in general typewriters are annoyingly '''loud'''. For prolonged work consider wearing ear protection. This may also aid your ability to concentrate. The sound is nonetheless valuable feedback that you have [[#strokes|{{em|properly}} struck a key]].

=== preparation ===
Some models feature a carriage lock.
The carriage lock ensures the carriage does not move back and forth during transport.
The carriage invariably locks {{em|at the center}} position.
The carriage lock lever is at a hard to reach location to prevent accidental locking, e.&amp;#8239;g. near the feet.
It may take a while to find it.

=== loading the ribbon ===
For stencils loading a ribbon is not necessary, maybe you even need to remove the ribbon if the typewriter does not allow to select a stencil mode.
# Remove the cover. In some models you shift the frame toward you. In others you have to lift the cover. In some sophisticated models the cover is hinged and you need to push a latch pin.
# Load the ribbon as explained below.
# Install the cover.

[[Image: Silver-Reed SR 200 in red-9542.jpg|thumb|alt=A ribbon spool visible when the typewriter’s cover is removed.|The spools sits entirely on the pin.]]
[[Image: Farbbandführung Schreibmaschine Wanderer 35.jpg|thumb|alt=A ribbon only partially held in the ribbon carrier.|Another method: use only one tooth on each side.]]
==== spools ====
The ink ribbon’s ends are attached to two spools.
# To facilitate even wear, you may want to label the spool: place a sticker on what shall be designated the top, indicate the winding/unwinding direction and maybe write the loading date. If you are a power user&amp;nbsp;– someone who writes a lot with his typewriter on a regular basis&amp;nbsp;– and do not intend to unload the ink ribbon, you can skip this step.
# There are two reel tables with pins the size of the spools’ central hole. Unwind the ribbon a bit and place both spools on the pin so that the ribbon wind/unwind {{em|on the far side}}, the side that is closer to the roller‐platen. Do not twist the ribbon. If the correct spools are used, the pins should stick out at the top. If not, rotate the spools a bit and {{em|lightly}} push them down. You may feel that the spools snap.
# Except in {{em|very}} old typewriters, there are two arms extending from the reel table with vertical slits. They can be moved laterally. These are part of the reverser mechanism. Place the ribbon in the slits. When reaching either end of the ribbon, the typewriter keeps pulling the ribbon: in consequence the tension exerted by the ribbon on the arm triggers a ribbon feed reversal.
# Thread the ribbon into the ribbon carrier ({{abbr|a.&amp;#8239;k.&amp;#8239;a.|also known as}} shaker or vibrator), the window that raises and falls down as you type characters. Using both hands, grab a short segment of the ribbon in the middle. Like flossing your teeth, use your thumbs to stretch this segment. Move it between the ribbon carrier and typing mask. In models that swivel the carriage (instead of shifting the basket, the assembly unit that holds all the type bars), you may have better access by [[#caps lock|using the {{key press|caps lock}}]].
# When descending the ribbon, switch from pushing to pulling: pull the lower edge of the ribbon and guide the ribbon downward so the lower teeth of the ribbon carrier become covered.
# Finally push down the upper edge past the gap and gently pull it toward you. Now straighten the ribbon so the upper teeth are covered, too.
# Turn either spool to remove {{em|excess}} slack. A {{em|little}} bit of slack is harmless. Note that {{em|one}} of the spools can only be rotated in one direction. This is correct.

==== cartridges ====
{{empty section}}

=== margins ===
Typewriters almost always have at least one margin delimiter.
The margin controls the area in the primary writing direction&amp;nbsp;– the line length&amp;nbsp;– you can write on.
The right‐hand margin is the imaginary vertical line on the paper not to be crossed when typing a line.
The left‐hand margin is the imaginary vertical line on the paper at which you start typing, more specifically on the right‐hand side of the line.

{{helpful hint
| title = standardization
| hint = {{abbr|ISO|International Organization for Standardization}} standard 838 expects that the margin to be punched with holes has a width of {{nowrap|20 mm – 25 mm}} {{nowrap|(ca. ¾ in – 1 in)}}.
}}
==== pitch ====
Today, margin requirements are usually expressed as a length.
However, you will not find a ruler on your typewriter marked in, say, millimeters.

{{noprint|1={{wikipedia|pitch (typewriter)}}}}
There {{em|are}} few typewriters that advance horizontally only so much as the character really needs, e.&amp;#8239;g. an I&amp;nbsp;(eye) and l&amp;nbsp;(ell) is narrow, whereas&amp;nbsp;M advances a lot more.
By far most typewriters have a fixed {{em|pitch}}:
each character occupies exactly the same width as the other (“monospace”).

Horizontal pitch is expressed in {{em|character per inch}} (cpi), vertical pitch in {{em|lines per inch}} (lpi).
One inch is 25.4&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}.
Take a ruler and align the zero mark with the zero mark on (any) ruler on the typewriter.
If the ruler marks inches, you can read the {{abbr|cpi|character per inch}} value directly at the 1&quot; mark.
For rulers with a millimeter scale, read the character count at 127&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}} and divide it by&amp;nbsp;5.
The most common pitches are 10 or 12&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|characters per inch}}.
Some typewriters allow switching between the two, especially if the typeface is exchangeable.
{{editor note|§ Calculating the margins: needs more details, is not easy to understand. Refactor this.}}
Knowing your machine’s pitch allows you to {{em|calculate}}
# the sheet’s width expressed in character positions,
# the margin widths expressed in character positions, and thus
# how many character positions you need to subtract.
{{example
| 1 = DIN 5008
| 2 = For example,
* an {{abbr|ISO|International Organization for Standardization}} standard 216 size A4 sheet (210&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;#x202F;×&amp;#x202F;297&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}})
* is to be printed with a 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|character per inch}} (“pica”) machine
* leaving 25&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}} of margin on the left‐hand side and
* 20&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}} of margin on the right‐hand side.
# 210&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|character per inch}}&amp;nbsp;= 210&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}} ÷ 25.4&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;≈ 82.68&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}
# &amp;#8199;25&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|character per inch}}&amp;nbsp;= &amp;#8199;25&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}} ÷ 25.4&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;≈ &amp;#8199;9.84&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}
# &amp;#8199;20&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|character per inch}}&amp;nbsp;= &amp;#8199;20&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;× 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}} ÷ 25.4&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;nbsp;≈ &amp;#8199;7.87&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}
# 82.68&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}&amp;nbsp;− 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}&amp;nbsp;− 8&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}&amp;nbsp;≈ &amp;#8199;64.68&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}
Some models feature an adjustable paper guide:
This is an edge in the paper feed slot you can move laterally.
It has a pointy mark indicating the position on the ruler.

Using the calculated information you set the paper guide preferably at −10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}.
If not available, shift all values by a constant, preferably a multiple of&amp;nbsp;10.
}}

==== adjustment ====
Knowing the required margins expressed as a character count you can adjust them.
Some typewriters have an “automatic” margin function.
You press some magic button and simultaneously move the carriage to the first or last position a character should appear.

{{anchor|margin tabs}}
More often than not you need to set the margins yourself.
For that&amp;nbsp;– depending on the model&amp;nbsp;– depress or lift the margin tabs.
The margin tabs are located close to the margin ruler, a numbered scale, in non‐electric typewriters at the far end of the carriage or anywhere close to the platen‐roller.
You may see an arrow, triangular arrow heading pointing toward the numbered ruler, or just a vertical line.

In some models it is not necessary to actually push the tab down,
* if you are adjusting the left‐hand margin in the leftward direction, and
* if you are adjusting the right‐hand margin in the rightward direction.
You can simply push them laterally.

# Move the carriage to a central position. The margins cannot be adjusted past the current position lest unless [[#margin release|released]]. To move the carriage rightward you can just push it. For leftward movement you can&amp;nbsp;– beside repeatedly hitting {{key press|space}}&amp;nbsp;– find a carriage release lever.
# Move the margin tabs.

==== margin release ====
In normal operations the carriage cannot be moved beyond the currently set margins.
However, there is a {{em|margin release}}:
The {{key press|margin release}} may be labeled {{key press|⇼}}, {{key press|∷}} or just {{key press|MR}}.
Press the margin release key to move past either margin.
When you {{em|were}} stopped by the right‐hand margin, you may {{em|hear}} that the carriage {{em|advanced}} upon pressing the margin release key.

Once you have passed either margin, let go of the margin release.
You only need to press the margin release key
* to move {{em|rightward}} across the {{em|right‐hand}} margin, or
* to move {{em|leftward}} across the {{em|left‐hand}} margin.
The opposite direction,
* moving {{em|rightward}} across the {{em|left‐hand}} margin, and
* moving {{em|leftward}} across the {{em|right‐hand}} margin
is always “allowed”.
Essentially, the margin release is “reset” whenever you enter the designated text area.

=== loading paper ===
You need to feed your typewriter with paper.
Typewriters take sheets.
There are
* no sprockets to advance continuous paper with perforated borders that can be teared away, so
* continuous paper may slowly veer to either side because it is not perfectly aligned.
To some degree you can label envelopes for letters, too.

# Possibly wash your hands if you just loaded the ribbon. You do not want to get ink blots on the paper before you even started.
# Move the carriage to a center position. Usually this {{em|should not matter}}, but in some machines the paper may get stuck. To move the carriage rightward you can just push it. For leftward movement you can&amp;nbsp;– beside repeatedly hitting {{key press|space}}&amp;nbsp;– find a release lever.
# Usually you type on one sheet at a time. However, if applicable, prepare the stack of paper. For carbon copies place one carbon sheet {{em|between}} each paper. The black side faces the sheet to print on. The characters on the top sheet get their ink from the ribbon. Ensure all sheets have the same orientation in case you are using papers with a letterhead already printed on it. Align the borders by tapping the stack edge first on the tabletop. Be careful as to not to crinkle the carbon sheets.
# Insert the paper(s). There is a slot on the far side of the platen{{noprint|1={{hover info|{{word|en|platen}} is pronounced {{IPA|/ˈplætən/}}, like “platten”}}}}. If you are using paper that has a letterhead already printed on it, the front page should face away from you and the top is fed first. For plain blank paper the direction does not matter. If there are any carbon sheets, their black sides have to face the platen.
# Disengage the line spacer. The line spacer defines how much you advance in the secondary writing direction. It is either a lever on the carriage next to some single‐digit marks, or you can pull out the platen‐roller knob (usually the left one).
# Turn the knob of the platen‐roller. There are usually two knobs, one on each side. The right‐hand platen knob is turned clockwise, the left‐hand platen knob counter‐clockwise. As you twist either knob, the paper should be drawn into the machine now. If not, you may be using too thick paper, or you need to ensure the paper release is disengaged. As the paper emerges on the other side, you may need to guide it below the paper bail. Return the bail bar back to its normal position.
# Turn either knob so that roughly 50% of the paper is not in yet, 50% of the paper already sticks out front. In some models you have to {{em|lift the paper bail}}, that is the bar sometimes with numbered marks and possibly rollers sitting on top of the already written on paper. In some models the paper slips right under it {{em|without further ado}}, in others you have to push it there.
# Ideally you notice that the edges of the paper, the one in the back and the one in front of it, {{em|align}} perfectly. Should the paper not be aligned perfectly, pinch the papers (both back and front) at the top edge. Engage the paper release. You can now move the paper freely. Shift them individually so the corners align. If your typewriter does not have a paper guide at its feed slot, pay also attention the paper bail: you probably want the paper’s edge to appear at a certain mark. Now pinch the the papers together again and gently pull up (against the roller‐platen). Cautiously disengage the paper release. When disengaged, let go of the paper. One last visual check: while the line snap is disengaged twist the platen knob back and forth, so at the top the front and rear end alternate. If you notice any raggedness, repeat this step.
# Turn the roller‐platen back to the first line you want to write in. Note, while it is possible to write at the very top of the sheet, writing all the way to the bottom of the page is not possible: some paper has to remain in the machine for sufficient grip, otherwise it gets out of place and your text lines become bent. If you need text to appear all the way to the bottom, use larger paper and cut it down when finished.
# Engage the line spacer, and optionally erect the paper stand. The paper stand is one or two bars you can lift behind the paper feed.

{{choice
| 1 = {{anchor|side}} Single‐sided vs. double‐sided
| 2 = 
Because of the {{em|embossing}} it creates on the other side, typewritten documents are usually {{em|single‐sided}} for {{em|purely esthetic&lt;!-- alt. US spelling, see [[wikt:esthetic]] --&gt; reasons}}. In some instances the front {{em|and back}} are always printed on, e.&amp;#x202F;g. a post card or a last will and testament (not exceeding two pages) so as to not raise any doubt that it was {{em|one}} document. (As a side bar, in some jurisdictions a will has to {{em|be handwritten}} or else certified by a notary public.) It is apparent that the thicker the paper, the less pronounced the imprint and thus more acceptable to write on both sides.
}}

=== typing ===
{{helpful hint
| title = hyphenation rules
| hint  = It is a sin to hyphenate across pages. In justified composition, at most two or three subsequent lines may be hyphenated.
}}
[[Image: Typewriter.JPG|thumb|alt=The left aspect of a typewriter.|Use the lever to advance the sheet and return the carriage to the left‐hand margin.]]
==== line ====
In most models, as you approach the right‐hand margin you will hear a bell ring.
Latin script typewriters are usually adjusted to ring the bell when you can still type at most 6&amp;#8239;–&amp;#8239;8&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|ch|characters}}.
This is a good point in time to consider wrapping the line.
If the margin is not too thin, it is generally acceptable to print {{em|punctuation}} like hyphens and periods past it;
use the [[#margin release|margin release]].
{{XWarning|With {{em|some}} models the carriage simply stops advancing once you reach the right‐hand margin. Before you know it you are typing multiple characters on top of each other. More sophisticated models arrest the type bars.}}
The carriage return lever performs two actions at once, return the carriage and advance to the next line.
It is the biggest lever you can find, attached at the left‐hand end of the carriage.
Push the lever rightward till the carriage is stopped by the left‐hand margin.

{{anchor|enter}}
Electric typewriters do not have a carriage return lever, but a new line {{key press|enter}} key.
Unlike the non‐electric counterparts, electric typewriters block typing any new letters while the carriage or type head returns to the starting position.
You should feel increased resistance if you try pressing any printing keys.

{{anchor|line spacer}}
The {{em|line spacer}} defines by how much you want to advance the paper when starting a new line.
It usually has at least three settings: 1, 1½ and 2.
These are {{em|factors}} to a reasonable line height, e.&amp;#x202F;g.&amp;nbsp;⅙&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|in|inch}}.
This line height includes a little bit of leading&amp;nbsp;– that is {{em|lead}} as in the chemical element.
To select the line height factor you may find a wheel or lever.
{{choice
| 1 = {{anchor|lh}} What line spacer setting should I use (for the main text body)?
| 2 =
If you intend to [[#superscript|superscript]] or [[#subscript|subscript]] text inside a paragraph, it may be wise to use the 150% setting. By using double spacing, you can insert words you forgot typing using the space between lines. Alternatively, if sufficiently wide, the margin can be utilized to supply missing words (in combination with some insertion mark).

Because of the uniform width of characters, typewritten texts are said to be more difficult to read in comparison to texts set with a proportional font. Consider adding vertical space just to aid legibility. On the other hand, it is a matter of practice; for instance hanzi (“Chinese characters”) are placed in uniform square boxes and nobody is complaining about that.
}}

The line spacer can be disengaged.
Some typewriters integrate disengaging the line spacer as a setting&amp;nbsp;0 (zero).

[[Image: Typewriter, portrait, office, workplace, interior, desk, lady Fortepan 5050.jpg|thumb|alt=A lady sits in front of a typewriter.|a reasonable typing position]]
==== strokes ====
Users of electric typewriters simply touch the keys.
Just ensure it is switched on.
With mechanical typewriters the user has to muster the necessary force all on his own.

A proper stroke is resolute&amp;nbsp;– quick attack and quick release.
Try a faint touch, try slow motion, it will not print.
The keys travel quite far in comparison to electric typewriters.
You want to apply all force in the {{em|downward}} direction.
Therefore sit upright and have the typewriter just a bit above lap height.
Moreover, should your finger slip they may get entangled between the keys.

For small face characters like the period ({{code|.}}), comma ({{code|,}}), colon ({{code|:}}) and semicolon ({{code|;}}) a {{em|light}} tap is sufficient;
especially if the period or comma are hit with full force you may inadvertently print the top area, too, creating bit of an angry vibe, period!
Furthermore, it {{em|may}} punch a [[#side|hole in the paper]] or even damage the ribbon.

If you are producing carbon copies, it is of import to strike keys with more force than usual.
An electric typewriter is therefore ideal for such a job.
Typing [[#mistakes|mistakes]] need to be corrected separately, in the original and each and every copy.

{{helpful hint
| title = performance
| hint  = Typing speed is measured in {{em|strokes per minute}}, pressing {{key press|shift}} being counted, too, {{em|in addition}} to the actual letter key.
}}
{{anchor|jam}}
If you are typing {{em|fast}} on a typewriter using type bars&amp;nbsp;– the levers that strike the paper&amp;nbsp;– as opposed to type heads, you may be {{em|stopped}} by one bar holding up another one thus blocking the typing window.
This {{em|jam}} requires manual intervention.
Ensure you pull down the type bar {{em|closest}} to you first so as to not accidentally bend the levers.

If one letter, one type bar persistently does not seem to return, you may have the idea that you needed to lubricate the machine.
However, oiling the segment&amp;nbsp;– the solid arced block with slits holding the type bars&amp;nbsp;– may be {{em|inadvisable}} because it is {{em|hard to clean}};
over time accumulating dust in combination with oil produces icky goo making the type bars {{em|even harder}} to fall back.

{{clear}}
==== capital letters ====
There are {{em|very few}} typewriters that have {{em|two}} sets of keys:
one for majuscules{{noprint|1={{hover info|the typographic term for upper‐case letters}}}} and one for minuscules{{noprint|1={{hover info|the typographic term for lower‐case letters}}}}.
The predominant pattern, however, has only one set of keys.
By default the letter keys produce minuscules.
You need to press either {{key press|shift}} key.
They may be unlabeled.
One is left of the {{key press|Z}}, the other one at the far right in the same row.

Unlike keyboards for electronic devices&amp;nbsp;– including electric typewriters&amp;nbsp;– you do not need to ensure the {{key press|shift}} key is pressed {{em|before}} hitting the letter key.
You can press {{key press|shift}} and the desired letter in sync, {{em|simultaneously}}.
In mechanical typewriters both mechanisms are independent from each other.

{{anchor|caps lock}}
{{noprint|1=[[File: Wagenheber einer Schreibmaschine.webm|thumb|{{key press|caps lock}} in action]]}}&lt;!-- omitted from print because it is a video --&gt;
In modern typography, headings are set with a {{em|larger}} font{{noprint|1={{hover info|set of glyphs following a common design}}}} size and possibly {{em|heavier}} weight{{noprint|1={{hover info|thin and thick lines}}}}.
Some premium typewriters have exchangeable type heads, but more often than not you are “stuck” with a {{em|single}} font size and weight.
If [[#underlining|underlining]] or similar is insufficient, you may want to type a title in all‐caps.
# To facilitate this, typewriters frequently feature a {{key press|caps lock}} key. It is the key immediately above {{em|the left}} {{key press|shift}} key and may also be unlabeled or called {{key press|shift lock}}. If you press {{key press|caps lock}} you will feel a snap. It often moves in unison with all {{key press|shift}} keys.
# Now you can type upper‐case letters {{em|without}} pressing {{key press|shift}}. However, note that digit and punctuation keys also produce {{em|their shifted}} meaning. All‐caps titles may benefit from added horizontal spacing, but only a little bit; one whole space character is already too much, so you need to [[#space out|use the semi‐step mechanism]].
# {{key press|Caps lock}} is a “one‐way” key: To unlock the {{key press|caps lock}} you press either {{key press|shift}} key. Unlike computer keyboards, pressing {{key press|caps lock}} when it is already “activated” will {{em|not reverse}} its effects.
Historically, telegrams were often written in all‐caps, some typewriters even had {{em|only}} upper‐case letters.
An orator may appreciate if his speech is written all‐caps, as he may find it easier to read.

=== mistakes ===
# {{em|Assess}} the situation. A number of mistakes can be corrected by clever use of the typewriter. Let’s say you meant to type capital {{code|E}} but&amp;nbsp;– just for purpose of giving an example&amp;nbsp;– typed a capital {{code|F}}. To remedy the situation, simply go back and type the {{code|E}}. It may not look perfect&amp;nbsp;– in particular if the {{code|F}} dons a serif at its foot&amp;nbsp;– but it works.
# Either flag the mistake&amp;nbsp;– put a small adhesive slip on the original&amp;nbsp;– to postpone it, or {{em|apply}} the correction immediately as described in the subsections.
# If there are too many mistakes on a page, consider taking a break and {{em|starting over}}. There is no satisfaction in a poorly typed page.

[[Image: CarbonFarbband mit Lift-off-Korrektur.jpg|thumb|alt=The digit one in black on white paper. Next to it grooves of the digit two.|You cannot undo the impression: You can discern the &lt;code&gt;2&lt;/code&gt;.]]
==== errors ====
There are correction fluids and tapes available.
# For convenient access of the mistyped part, advance the paper by a couple lines first.
# Now simply cover the incorrectly typed characters.
# If applicable, ensure the paint is dried. Make it a habit and {{em|always}} give it a gentle blow, regardless whether it is really necessary.
# Return to the first elided position and&amp;nbsp;– hopefully&amp;nbsp;– type the {{em|correct}} character(s).
For {{em|bulk corrections}} or if the paper is not in the correction fluid’s or tape’s color (i.&amp;#x202F;e. not white), type the correction on a separate piece of paper, cut it out and glue it in the proper place.
Evidently, this correction needs to be postponed till the page is finished.

If your typewriter is equipped with a lift‐off tape, press the {{key press|⌫}} key and now type {{em|the incorrect}} character as printed.
While the erase function is enabled, the lift‐off tape is raised, not the carbon film.
After having typed one printing character, the erase function is disabled.
The type head stays at its current position so you can immediately type {{em|the correct}} character.

{{helpful hint
| title = {{abbr|CC|carbon copy}} perfection
| hint  = The thickness of the copy papers and carbon sheets add up to the roller‐platen diameter. Expect more slippage than usual. Avoid unnecessary scrolling.
}}
If you are making {{abbr|CCs|carbon copies}} and want to correct a mistake with the typewriter, consider advancing the stack by a couple lines and temporarily inserting scrap sheets between every copy and its corresponding carbon paper.
Return to the correct line and the correcting character gets printed on the scrap sheets.
Before continuing writing, remove the scrap sheets.
This ordeal ensures the newly printed characters are perfectly aligned with the line and everything, something hard to achieve if you {{em|reloaded}} the paper.

{{anchor|x-ing}}
A {{em|fast}} method to rectify mistakes is {{em|overprinting}} incorrect parts:
Return the carriage or type head to the position of the first incorrect character.
Repeatedly strike {{key press|x}} or {{key press|/}} while the cursor is above incorrectly typed characters.
As convenient this method is, it is particularly ugly.
However, it is generally an acceptable compromise {{em|for carbon‐copied}} documents, amending each copy individually being awfully time‐consuming and risking damage.
Of course, ugliness is of no concern for {{em|drafts}} or other one‐time use documents.

==== omissions ====
If you {{em|forgot typing {{em|one}} character}}, you can use the semi‐step mechanics.
Many typewriters actually advance by one character cell in two steps.
Return to the character position preceding the insertion position.
Press {{em|and hold}} the space bar.
Now type the character to be inserted.
You may furthermore want to consider to [[#superscript|superscript]] the character.
Temporarily scroll back by one half line.

{{helpful hint
| title = paragraphs
| hint  = Paragraph breaks are either indicated by vertical blank space, or by indenting the first line but without vertical space. Do not indent the first line {{em|and}} add vertical blank space at the same time. Outdenting (“negative” indentation) is rarely done with typewriters.
}}
=== tabulation ===
To facilitate the creation of lists and tables or just to quickly indent the first line of a paragraph, some typewriters are equipped with a fast‐forward key.
There are two mechanisms:
* The user can define {{em|tabulator stops}} and pressing &lt;!-- {{key press|TAB}} not listed because it features arrows in both directions --&gt; {{key press|⇥}} jumps to the next tab stop. This gives the users maximum flexibility, yet the mechanics are also pretty heavy. This kind is usually only found in desk typewriters.
* Pressing &lt;!-- {{key press|TAB}} not listed because it dons arrows in both directions --&gt; {{key press|⇥}} advances to the next character position divisible by 10&amp;nbsp;±&amp;nbsp;some offset. 10 is the most common value and cannot be changed. This mechanism is sometimes present in “light‐weight” portable typewriters.
Either mechanism is suitable to create {{em|left‐aligned}} itemizations.
Aligning the radix mark (i.&amp;#x202F;e. in English the decimal point) of numbers of varying length still requires manual alignment.

To set and reset tabulator stops, there are either {{em|two}} keys&amp;nbsp;– {{key press|CL}} to clear, {{key press|SET}} to set a tabulator stop&amp;nbsp;– or there is a tabulator control lever or swivel key.
It is labeled with a plus and minus sign, or unlabeled but plus and minus signs are found next to it on the typewriter frame.
* By pushing the control in the direction of the plus sign, you {{em|set}} a tabulator stop {{em|at}} the current position.
* By pushing the control in the direction of the minus sign, you {{em|cancel}} the tabulator stop {{em|at}} the current position (if any is set).
To type an itemization using the tabulation mechanics, proceed as follows:
# Clear all tabulator stops. Some typewriters have a small lever on the carriage to clear all tabulator stops at once. Others require you to return the carriage, press {{em|and hold}} the {{key press|CL}} key or the tabulator control lever in the direction of the minus sign, and press &lt;!-- {{key press|TAB}} not listed because shows arrows in both directions --&gt; {{key press|⇥}}. The carriage scoots to the right‐hand margin canceling all tabulator stops. To verify your success, if you return the carriage and press {{key press|⇥}}, the carriage should glide all the way to the right‐hand [[#margins|margin]] now.
# Advance to the position where the carriage should stop. Push the tabulator control in the direction of the plus sign and release. Repeat this step as required. Because tabulation stops are “stored” as {{em|little}} pins, it may be recommended to keep stops {{em|at most}} 5 to 15 character positions apart. The heavy carriage {{em|smashing}} with all its mass into a tabulation stop pin is quite some stress. Of course you can always simply use one hand and slow down the carriage as you tab.
# Type the itemization and use the {{key press|⇥}} key to advance to the beginning of the next cell. You {{em|can amend}} tabulator stops as you go, e.&amp;#8239;g. because table cells are merged or split up.
Even without a neat tabulation mechanism, some typewriters feature a “slow” forward {{key press|↠}} key (sounding like “automatic (gun‑)fire”).
With some practice you get used to its pace and can jump forward quickly.

=== unloading paper ===
When you have finished typing up the current page:
# Optionally proofread the page and fix any mistakes while you can. {{em|Reloading}} the page following {{em|exactly}} the same line rhythm is difficult, so this is the last chance to fix any mistakes.
# Engage the paper release. It is usually a lever found on the carriage. This removes pressure from the rollers beneath the roller‐platen. The paper can move freely now.
# Pull the stack of sheets out of the machine and lay them in the working area of your desk.
# Disengage the paper release for subsequent operation.
# If applicable, separate any carbon sheets. Be careful as to not to crinkle them.
# If applicable, make amendments you postponed, e.&amp;#x202F;g. filling in missing [[#characters|characters]].
# If you are super‐organized, you place the finished pages in a tray collecting all pages of one document.

=== end of work ===
# {{anchor|flat spot prevention}} Engage the paper release. Prolonged pressure to the rollers at one point may make them flat. Flat spots convey the paper poorly. On the other hand, this puts stress on the paper release spring so it may wear out and actually decrease the pressure the rollers exercise. Rest assured, springs as well as rollers can be replaced; replacement rollers are now marketed as parts for electronic printers.
# Select the easiest setting for everything else, for instance disengage {{key press|caps lock}}.
# The ink in the ink ribbon is adjusted to not dry out for several months. It is not necessary to remove the ribbon after each use. Moreover, unloading exposes the ribbon to the risk of damage. Unloading the ribbon is essentially [[#loading the ribbon|loading the ribbon]] in reverse. Carbon films and correction tapes can stay indefinitely.
# Dust accumulation is bad. Return the carriage to a center position and cover the typewriter e.&amp;#x202F;g. with a nonfuzzy towel. Portable typewriters intended for travel come with a lid turning the typewriter–lid unit into a suitcase.

== glossary ==
=== procedures ===
; {{anchor|form}} forms
: To fill out forms you need to disable the line advance snap. This allows to freely align the form vertically. Depending on the model you just pull the paper drum knob, turn a wheel or lever. It may be integrated in the line advance length selector and labeled&amp;nbsp;0 (zero). For form fields of limited length, be sure to consult the ruler to count the characters you can type, maybe necessitating condensing the intended entry.
; {{anchor|hanging punctuation}} hanging punctuation
: Justified composition may produce an unsteady right‐hand margin: commas, hyphens and periods are predominantly white characters. Despite the justified composition the right‐hand margin optically appears to be ragged. The solution is to insert a half‐space within the line.
; {{anchor|hectography}} hectography
: Typewriters that accommodate for dual‐[[#colors|colored]] ribbons usually also have a blank setting. If not remove the ribbon.
; {{anchor|letterspacing}} letterspacing
: Type one space character between every character. That also means to type an intervening space you hit {{key press|space}} {{em|three}} times in a row. See [[#space out|§&amp;nbsp;space out]] for the favored more sophisticated method.
; {{anchor|dashed lines}} lines, dashed, horizontal, vertical or diagonal
: A vertical dashed line can be achieved by putting straight apostrophes ({{code|'}}) beneath each other. A horizontal dashed line is achieved by repeatedly typing dashes&amp;nbsp;({{code|-}}). {{em|If}} their angle/orientation is right, diagonal dashed lines can be achieved with the accents {{code|´}} and&amp;nbsp;{{code|`}}. Because of the varying line lengths of these characters and not worth mentioning the spacing between them, diagrams employing dashed lines in multiple directions may look inconsistent.
; {{anchor|dotted lines}} lines, dotted, horizontal, vertical, or diagonal
: For horizontal dotted lines, repeatedly type the period ({{code|.}}). For vertical dotted lines, type period, use the {{key press|backspace}}, advance the line feed by half a line and type a period again. Alternatively hold the spacer and type periods as you advance the roller‐platen. Repeat as appropriate. For a denser vertical line you can also employ the colon ({{code|:}}).
; {{anchor|solid lines}} lines, solid, horizontal or vertical
: Some typewriters have a groove in the typing mask. Place a pen here and move the carriage for horizontal lines (hold the carriage release for that), or {{em|retreat}} the paper for vertical lines ({{em|advancing}} the paper can make it difficult to see where to stop).
; {{anchor|perforation}} perforation
: To perforate thin enough paper&amp;nbsp;– e.&amp;#8239;g. a reply form beneath a letter body or phone number strips to tear from a bulletin board posting&amp;nbsp;– use [[#dotted lines|dotted lines]] with {{em|even less}} spacing. Due to their small face area it is usually not necessary to apply extra force when typing. Consider selecting the non‐printing stencil mode or removing the ribbon since the ink is usually not necessary.
; {{anchor|space out}} space out
: Many typewriters actually advance in {{em|two}} steps. Upon pressing any printing key (including {{key press|space}}, excluding “dead” keys) the carriage (or type head) advances by one half character width, and once {{em|all}} keys are released the carriage advances {{em|another}} half character width. This semi‐step mechanics can be utilized to add horizontal space, esp. desirable in [[#caps lock|all‐caps titles]]. First, type a character as usual. Next hit {{em|and hold}} the {{key press|spacer}}. This “adds” just {{em|one half}} of space. Now type the next character. Release the {{key press|spacer}} and strike it as usual. Repeat these steps as appropriate. Should this mechanism not supported by your typewriter, resort to [[#letterspacing|letterspacing]]. Letterspacing, however, adds {{em|too much}} horizontal space.

[[Image: Olympia typewriter - German keyboard layout-9609.jpg|thumb|alt=A lever next to black, white and red-colored spots.|Example color selector. If loaded correctly, in this setting the black part of the ribbon prints.]]
=== markup ===
Markup options are severely limited, yet they are {{em|not}} none.
; {{anchor|bold}} bold
: To some degree bold text can be produced by typing the same letters again. Use the {{key press|backspace}} to return to the starting position. On the other hand this may increase the likelihood of punching through the paper (e.&amp;#8239;g. creating holes). You can always simply manually retrace the character with a pen after you have finished typing the page.
; {{anchor|colors}} colors
: There are dual‐colored ribbons and typewriters that allow selecting between the top and bottom portion of the ribbon. Note that carbon copies remain monochrome regardless.
; {{anchor|double underlining}} double underlining
: Advance either one whole or just one half line. Use the equal &lt;!-- no link to [[#equal sign]] because it would be awfully inconvenient --&gt; sign {{code|1==}} to produce double underlines. Hit and hold {{code|1==}}, depress the space bar and hit {{code|1==}} again, release both keys and repeat as appropriate. If you have advanced {{em|just one half line}}, you may want to skip underlining for descenders ({{code|g}}, {{code|j}}, {{code|p}}, {{code|q}}, {{code|y}}, and possibly parentheses, {{code|f}} and the capital {{code|Q}}, too).
: Alternatively, use the same method as [[#underlining|underlining]] twice, with vertical displacement applied to the second time. The vertical distance between the underlines may be considered too wide, though.
; {{anchor|overlining}} overlining
: See [[#underlining|underlining]] except that the underline is produced for the preceding line and you may want to skip any inch signs ({{code|&quot;}}). Keep in mind that overlining may be confused for underlining.
; {{anchor|strike|strikethrough}} strikethrough
: The underscore used for [[#underlining|underlining]] cannot necessarily be aligned properly. Instead use the hyphen‐dash. However, the dash is too short, you need to hit and hold the dash, then hold the space bar and hit the dash {{em|again}}. Now release both keys and repeat as appropriate.
; {{anchor|subscript}} subscript
: Advance the paper by half a line. This requires turning the roller‐drum manually; the lever advances the paper by at least one whole line and you may accidentally move the carriage, too. When you are done, turn the roller‐platen back by half a line. In {{em|proper}} typesetting the [[#typeface|font]] size has to be reduced, too, but this cannot be achieved with a typewriter.
; {{anchor|superscript}} superscript
: See [[#subscript|§ subscript]], taking into consideration that you roll back the paper by half a line {{em|upward}}.
; {{anchor|typeface}} typefaces
: There are typewriters that have replaceable type heads; spheres or discs are common forms. In other typewriters the typeface is an integral part. If the typeface conveys meaning&amp;nbsp;– such as variable names in mathematics and sciences&amp;nbsp;– consider writing them with a pen by hand.
; {{anchor|underlining}} underlining
: Many typewriters feature an underscore character ({{code|_}}). This character is wide enough so repeatedly striking it creates one {{em|continuous}} underline. You may want to consider skipping descenders ({{code|g}}, {{code|j}}, {{code|p}}, {{code|q}}, {{code|y}}, and possibly parentheses, {{code|f}} and the capital {{code|Q}}, too). See also [[#double underlining|double underlining]] and [[#solid lines|solid lines]].
; {{anchor|zig‐zag underlining}} underlining, zig‐zag
: A zig‐zag underline may be achieved by stringing [[#caret|carets ({{code|^}})]] together in the next line at a semi‐step.

{{helpful hint
| title = symbol curiosity
| hint  = [[Image: German typewriter 'Torpedo' from WWII with double Siegrune symbol of the SS (Schutzstaffel) instead of number &quot;zero&quot;.jpg|frameless|alt=A key of a typewriter labeled with a rune double S symbol instead of a zero.]]
In {{abbr|Nazi|National Socialist}} Germany typewriters with dedicated “lightning‐bolt” {{abbr|SS|Schutzstaffel}} types were in use. Few even featured a &lt;span title='swastika' style='display: inline-block; transform: rotate(45deg);'&gt;࿕&lt;/span&gt; key.
}}
=== characters ===
Through clever combination and positioning, you can type more characters than 40‐something keys/types provide, sort of.
These are all {{em|workarounds}} and do {{em|not}} meet the quality standards in {{em|professional}} typography.
{{CompactTOC8
| name        = character name
| center      = yes
| a           = [[#CHARACTER-A|A]]
| b           = [[#CHARACTER-B|B]]
| c           = [[#CHARACTER-C|C]]
| d           = [[#CHARACTER-D|D]]
| e           = [[#CHARACTER-E|E]]
| f           = [[#CHARACTER-F|F]]
| g           =                G
| h           = [[#CHARACTER-H|H]]
| i           = [[#CHARACTER-I|I]]
| j           =                J
| k           =                K
| l           = [[#CHARACTER-L|L]]
| m           = [[#CHARACTER-M|M]]
| n           =                N
| o           = [[#CHARACTER-O|O]]
| p           = [[#CHARACTER-P|P]]
| q           = [[#CHARACTER-Q|Q]]
| r           = [[#CHARACTER-R|R]]
| s           = [[#CHARACTER-S|S]]
| t           = [[#CHARACTER-T|T]]
| u           = [[#CHARACTER-U|U]]
| v           =                V
| w           =                W
| x           =                X
| y           =                Y
| z           = [[#CHARACTER-Z|Z]]
}}
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-A}} {{anchor|á}} á
: Hit {{code|´}}. This is usually a “dead key”, that means it does not advance the carriage. Now type {{code|a}}. Evidently, this opposite the customary writing order: using a pen the base letter is written first and accents are added second.
; {{anchor|â}} â
: Hit {{code|´}} and {{code|`}}; this is usually one “dead key”, that means it does not advance the carriage or type head. Now type {{code|a}}.
; {{anchor|æ}} æ
: Hit and hold {{code|a}}, press the space bar and release {{code|a}} and type an {{code|e}}. Note that the majuscule Æ cannot be produced in this fashion.
; {{anchor|ampersand}} ampersand
: See [[#et ligature|&amp;]].
; {{anchor|eight-spoked asterisk|✳}} ✳
: With a sans‐serif{{noprint|1={{hover info|without serifs (serifs are additional lines, e.&amp;#x202F;g. horizontal lines added to a capital eye {{code|I}})}}}} typeface you can superimpose a {{code|+}} and {{code|x}}. It looks more {{em|rectangular}} than round though.
; {{anchor|at|@}} @
: {{em|At}} is conventionally substituted by an {{code|a}} overlaid with a slash {{code|/}}. Obviously without the arc it does not look anything like the {{code|@}} sign. You can type an {{code|a}}, {{key press|backspace}} and type a capital {{code|O}} if you insist on a round shape. However, you probably want to consider spelling out the word {{em|at}} instead.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-B}} {{anchor|equal sign}} =
: Some models lack a proper equal sign. Type a dash {{code|-}}, use the {{key press|backspace}}, now firmly hold the roller‐platen knob and advance the paper {{em|just}} a {{em|tiny}} bit ({{em|before}} it snaps to the next position), and type a dash again.
; {{anchor|bullet|◦}} ◦
: Just type an {{mono|o}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-C}} {{anchor|ç}} ç
: It may not produce a satisfactory result but you can try combining {{code|c}} with a comma ({{code|,}}).
; {{anchor|©}} ©
: The copyright sign is conventionally approximated as [[wikt:(c)|{{code|(c)}}]].
; {{anchor|care of|℅}} ℅
: Reverse the paper by one half line, hit and hold {{code|c}}, press the space bar, advance the paper by one half line, type a {{code|/}}, release all keys and type one&amp;nbsp;{{code|o}}.
; {{anchor|caret}} ‸
: Advance to the next line, hit {{code|´}} and {{code|`}}; this is usually one “dead key”, that means it does not advance the carriage. 
: Alternatively, finish writing the page, load the paper again upside‐down, disable line snap, and after careful adjustment type a {{code|v}}.
; {{anchor|cent}} ¢
: The cent sign is substituted by overlaying the minuscule {{code|c}} with a forward slash {{code|/}}. The {{em|proper}} glyph has a {{em|vertical}} line sticking out by the same amount at the top and bottom. Considering spelling out the word {{em|cent}} if the reader may not recognize the substitution as&amp;nbsp;{{code|¢}}.
; {{anchor|commercial minus sign|٪|⁒}} ⁒, ٪
: Roll back by one half line, hit and hold period {{code|.}}, depress the space bar and release the period, advance the paper by one half line, type a slash {{code|/}}, release all keys and type one final period {{code|.}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-D}} {{anchor|đ}} đ
: The version with a stroke through the (upper) stem can be achieved this way: Hit and hold {{code|d}}, press the space bar, release {{code|d}}, and type a {{code|t}}.
; {{anchor|Đ}} Đ
: Hit and hold dash ({{code|-}}), press and hold the spacer, release the dash key, and type a capital {{code|D}}.
; {{anchor|degree|°}} °
: The degree sign is approximated by a [[#superscript|superscript]] {{code|o}} (minuscule oh). A {{em|perfectionist}} may hold and turn the roller‐platen knob {{em|slightly}} backward.
; {{anchor|division sign|÷}} ÷
: It may not produce satisfactory results, but try to overlay a colon ({{code|:}}) with any of the horizontal lines.
; {{anchor|dollar sign|$}} $
: A single stroke dollar character can be substituted by overlaying the {{code|S}} with a slash ({{code|/}}).
; {{anchor|double dagger|‡}} ‡
: Type a plus {{code|+}}, hit {{key press|backspace}}, roll back the paper by half a line and type {{code|+}} again. There may be a small gap between the plus signs. Advance the paper by half a line to return to the baseline.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-E}} {{anchor|emdash}} em dash
: An em dash ({{code|—}}) can be approximated by hitting and holding the hyphen‐dash key, pressing the space bar and then hitting the dash key again. Release both keys and hit the dash key one more time. If efficiency is more important, simply striking {{code|-}} three times will do.
; {{anchor|endash}} en dash
: An en dash ({{code|–}}) can be approximated by hitting and holding the hyphen‐dash key, pressing the space bar and then hitting the dash key again. Note that a parenthetical en dash usually needs to be surrounded by space.
: Alternatively, if available and wide enough, consider the [[#superscript|raised]] underscore ({{code|_}}) the en dash character.
: If efficiency matters, simply type {{code|-}} twice {{em|without}} going great lengths at making the dashes overlap.
; {{anchor|et|et ligature}} &amp;
: This character is conventionally expanded to {{mono|et}}, the Latin word for {{em|and}}.
; {{anchor|exclamation point}} !
: If the straight apostrophe {{em|is long enough}}, you can overlay {{code|'}} with a period ({{code|.}}).
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-F}} {{anchor|ff|ﬀ}} ﬀ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, and type {{code|f}} again.
; {{anchor|ffi|ﬃ}} ﬃ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, type {{code|f}} again, release both keys and type an {{code|i}}.
; {{anchor|ffl|ﬄ}} ﬄ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, type {{code|f}} again, release both keys and type an {{code|l}}.
; {{anchor|fi|ﬁ}} ﬁ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, release {{code|f}} and type an {{code|i}}.
; {{anchor|fl|ﬂ}} ﬂ
: Hit and hold {{code|f}}, press space, release {{code|f}} and type an {{code|l}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-H}} {{anchor|hash}} hash
: See [[#octothorp|octothorp]].
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-I}} {{anchor|infinity|∞}} ∞
: With a sans‐serif typeface you may get an acceptable result by combining {{code|o}}, {{code|x}}, {{code|o}} at a semi step width.
; {{anchor|interrobang|‽}} ‽
: By overlaying {{code|!}} and {{code|?}} you get {{code|‽}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-L}} {{anchor|ł|barred l}} ł
: It does not look like the proper character, but overlay {{code|l}} with a slash.
; {{anchor|Ł|barred L}} Ł
: It does not look like the proper character, but overlay {{code|L}} with a slash.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-M}} {{anchor|minus|−}} minus
: A minus sign ({{code|−}}) is rendered using a hyphen‐dash ({{code|-}}) or an [[#endash|en dash]]. The important thing is that the line is at the same height as the horizontal in {{code|+}}. See also [[#commercial minus sign|⁒]].
; {{anchor|multiplication|times|×}} multiplication
: The multiplication cross ({{code|×}}) is rendered using the regular character {{code|x}}. This works best with typefaces without serifs. Of course an {{code|x}} may be confused for {{em|the variable}} {{code|x}}. Alternatively use a multiplication dot by typing a period ({{code|.}}); a [[#superscript|superscript]] period does not work, though, hence the period stays at the baseline.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-O}} {{anchor|Ø|∅︀}} Ø, ∅︀
: Type capital {{code|O}}, use the {{key press|backspace}} to return to the previous position and type the forward slash {{code|/}}. The corresponding minuscule ø, however, cannot be produced this way, at least not in a satisfactory manner.
; {{anchor|octothorp}} #
: Press and hold {{code|1==}}, press the space bar and type {{code|1==}} again. {{key press|Backspace}} and hit and hold {{code|/}}, press the space bar and type {{code|/}} again.
; {{anchor|œ}} œ
: Hit and hold {{code|o}}, press the space bar and release {{code|o}} and type an {{code|e}}.
; {{anchor|Œ}} Œ
: Same procedure as [[#œ|œ]] just with capital letters.
; {{anchor|one}} one
: The digit {{code|1}} may be missing. Type a minuscule ell ({{code|l}}) instead. In Roman numerals a {{em|one}} is still typed as a capital eye ({{code|I}}).
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-P}} {{anchor|℗}} ℗
: The sound recording copyright sign is conventionally approximated as {{mono|(P)}}.
; {{anchor|per cent}} %
: The per cent sign is conventionally substituted with {{mono|o/o}}.
; {{anchor|percent}} ‰
: The per mille sign is conventionally substituted with {{mono|o/oo}}.
; {{anchor|plus}} +
: If the straight apostrophe ({{code|'}}) is long enough, place two of them above each other combined with a dash&amp;nbsp;({{code|-}}).
: A makeshift plus is achieved by overlaying the dash ({{code|-}}) with a slash ({{code|/}}). This is more acceptable in combination with italic type faces.
; {{anchor|pound sign|pound sterling|£}} £
: The pound sign is substituted by an {{code|L}} overlaid with a dash ({{code|-}}). In some typefaces it may look like an {{code|E}} with its top bar missing, though. In some typefaces {{code|L}} overlaid by an {{code|f}} may be more appealing.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-Q}} {{anchor|quotation marks}} quotation marks
: Virtually all typewriters lack proper quotation marks ({{abbr|AE|American English}}: “…”; {{abbr|BE|British English}}: ‘…’). The inch sign ({{code|&quot;}}) or straight apostrophe ({{code|'}}) are used instead. Some languages use lowered quotation marks ({{lang|de|„Abc ‚def‘ ghi“|italic=unset}}): advancing by one half line works, but&amp;nbsp;– beside being inconvenient&amp;nbsp;– it may look just ugly, so the English quotations are used nonetheless.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-R}} {{anchor|ℝ}} ℝ
: Hit and hold capital {{code|I}}, depress the space bar and release the {{code|I}} key, now type a capital {{code|R}}. However, on some typewriters the stems of {{code|I}} and {{code|R}} may be exactly on top of each other, so you type {{mono|IR}} with regular spacing instead. Note, for {{em|consistent}} style&amp;nbsp;– if other similar characters such as ℚ are used in a document&amp;nbsp;– consider writing this character manually.
; {{anchor|response}} ℟
: Hit and hold capital {{code|R}}, depress the space bar and release the {{code|R}} key, and now type a slash ({{code|/}}).
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-S}} {{anchor|semicolon|;}} ;
: A semicolon can be produced by overlaying the comma {{code|,}} and colon {{code|:}}. Type a comma, use the {{key press|backspace}}, and type the colon.
; {{anchor|ﬆ}} ﬆ
: Combine {{code|s}} and {{code|t}} a half step apart.
; {{anchor|star}} ✶
: Something {{em|resembling}} a six‐pointed star is achieved by overprinting capital {{code|A}} with a {{code|v}}. See also [[#eight-spoked asterisk|eight‐spoked asterisk]].
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-T}} {{anchor|thorn|þ}} þ
: The stems may not align perfectly, but try overlaying {{code|b}} and {{code|p}}.
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-U}} {{anchor|unequal}} ≠
: Overlay [[#equal sign|{{code|1==}}]] with {{code|/}}.
; {{anchor|upward arrow from bar|↥}} ↥
: This is not necessarily suitable for all typefaces: Hit {{code|´}} and {{code|`}}; this is usually one “dead key”, that means it does not advance the carriage. Now type an ell ({{code|l}}).
; {{anchor|CHARACTER-Z}} {{anchor|ℤ}} ℤ
: Type overlapping {{code|Z}}’s.
; {{anchor|zero}} zero
: Many typewriters do not have a dedicated digit zero key. The zero is produced by typing a capital Oh instead. This allows the manufacturer to provide another character. For a slashed zero, see [[#∅︀|∅︀]].
If a character cannot be printed, you need to do it by hand.
In order to not accidentally miss any unprinted characters, there are small adhesive flags you can stick on the paper.

== standards ==
{{wikipedia|list of style guides}}
This section showcases standard‐compliant writing emphasizing the proper use of the typewriter.
{{editor note|This section can be extended: indictment, screenplay, academic essays, as long as it is (or was) formally standardized it fits.}}
{{wikibook|Professional and Technical Writing/Business Communications/Letters}}
=== DIN‐Norm 5008 business letter ===
Among writing instructions, the {{lang|de|{{abbr|DIN|Deutsches Institut für Normung}}‐Norm 5008|italic=unset}} (German Institute for Standardization Standard 5008) defines the page layout.
The page layout is tailored to a {{lang|de|{{abbr|DIN|Deutsches Institut für Normung}} A4|italic=unset}} sheet;
this is 210&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}&amp;#x202F;×&amp;#x202F;297&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}.

There is one line reserved for a return address.
Because the line length is 75&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}, printing a return address in practice necessitates a smaller [[#typeface|font]], hence it is {{em|not}} written {{em|with}} a typewriter.

At 6&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|lpi|lines per inch}} there are exactly two blank lines between the information and text frame.
Paragraphs are separated by one blank line.
The text width is 165&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|mm|millimeters}}
At 10&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|cpi|characters per inch}} you can fit 64.96 characters.

If you want to fold the letter, you have a {{em|purely esthetic&lt;!-- alt. US spelling, see [[wikt:esthetic]] --&gt;}} problem:
a fold across the text (and {{abbr|btw|by the way}} the signature) is ugly.
Folds are supposed to run {{em|between}} any two lines.
However, the middle segment of a folded {{lang|de|{{abbr|DIN|Deutsches Institut für Normung}}‐Norm 5008|italic=unset}} business letter page has a height of 105&amp;nbsp;mm.
At 6&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|lpi|lines per inch}} it is not possible to find a configuration ensuring the folds are {{em|between}} the lines.
Therefore, {{em|esthetically tolerable}} business letters conforming to {{lang|de|{{abbr|DIN|Deutsches Institut für Normung}}‐Norm 5008|italic=unset}} are {{em|only one page}} long.
To economize on space, only form&amp;nbsp;A is presented.

; {{anchor|5008 Cella}} Robotron S&amp;nbsp;1001 Cella
:# [[Image: 20260128loremIpsumBusinessLetterFollowingDeutschesInstitutFuerNormungStandard5008typeAtypewrittenWithRobotronCella.png|thumb|alt=A sample text letter obeying to certain rules.|{{abbr|POC|proof of concept}}: A typewritten business letter.]] Set the [[#margins|margins]]. The left‐hand margin is set at 11, the right‐hand margin at 74. There is space for 64 characters.
:# Load the paper. The left‐hand edge should be at 0.5 characters on the paper bail. For that use the (white on black) margin ruler. The left‐hand edge should be at the 1&amp;nbsp;tick. Prefer to slightly cover the mark. Before disengaging the paper release, flip down the paper support and pull the paper to the back, away from you. Both ends of the paper should lay on top of each other.
:# Now scroll back the paper so its top edge {{em|is}} barely visible through the ridge in the typing mask. Possibly you need to repeat the previous step.
:# Advance so you have 7 blank lines. The cursor is now in the return address line. You have 29 character positions at your disposal. The next 9&amp;nbsp;lines are for the actual inside address.
:# Advance by one line. This line and the next two lines are meant for postal instructions. It is also the first line of the data frame. To get to the data frame, press {{key press|⇥}} four times and depress and hold the spacer. The cursor is at 49. Start typing from here up to 29 characters. The data frame consists of exactly 12 lines.
:# After the data frame leave (exactly) two blank lines. For the letter body you have 48 lines of vertical space left, the descenders{{noprint|1={{hover info|lines that extend below the baseline (the line characters “sit” on)}}}} of the 48{{sup|th}} line already being clipped if you can even manage to keep the paper in place. Avoid using the final 6&amp;nbsp;lines&amp;nbsp;(1&amp;#x202F;&quot;) just in general.
:# For the signature reserve (at least) three blank lines.
:# For right‐aligned double‐digit page numbering of the form {{mono|Page 12 of 34}}, press {{key press|⇥}} five times and {{key press|space}} three times. Press {{key press|space}} another two times for single‐digit page numbering.

== references ==
{{to do|{{em|Possibly}} generic references, data lookup tables.}}
== further reading ==
{{wikibook|Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Vocational/Typewriting}}
* {{PDFlink|[[:File: Practical typewriting - by the all-finger method, which leads to operation by touch (IA practicaltypewri00torr).pdf|Practical typewriting]]|12.26&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|MiB|mebibyte}}}}
* {{PDFlink|[[:File: New practical typewriting. (IA newpracticaltype00unse).pdf|New practical typewriting]]|16.38&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|MiB|mebibyte}}}}
* {{PDFlink|[[:File: A scientific course in typewriting (IA scientificcourse00depe).pdf|A scientific course in typewriting]]|5.1&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|MiB|mebibyte}}}}
&lt;!--
== sources ==
&lt;ref&gt;
&lt;/ref&gt;
--&gt;
{{alphabetical}}
{{one-page book}}
{{shelves|trades}}&lt;!-- “typist” as (virtually extinct) profession; irrelevant to secretaries nowadays --&gt;
{{status|0%}}
{{subjects|communication|written communication}}
&lt;!-- vim: set filetype=mediawiki: --&gt;</text>
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      <text bytes="336" sha1="phdhj8gssbk1yeznu5okg1g08dppl21" xml:space="preserve">Hi, I am a student from Taiwan.

==My Works==
*[[Bopomofo]](near finished!)
*[[Taiwan History]](freshly started)
*I also like to edit the [[Chinese (Mandarin)]] textbook.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Userboxtop}}
[[File:Mandarin-fruit-mandarin- language-joke.png|400px]]
{{user language|zh|N}}
{{user language|en|N}}
{{user language|ru|1}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
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      <text bytes="361" sha1="nify43eobwrxx26dbl4jntzsq1ck89x" xml:space="preserve">Hi, I am a student from Taiwan.

==My Works==
*[[Bopomofo]](near finished!)
*[[Taiwan History]](freshly started)
*I also like to edit the [[Chinese (Mandarin)]] textbook.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Userboxtop}}
[[File:Mandarin-fruit-mandarin- language-joke.png|400px]]
{{user language|zh|N}}
{{user language|hant|N}}
{{user language|en|N}}
{{user language|ru|1}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
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      <text bytes="336" sha1="phdhj8gssbk1yeznu5okg1g08dppl21" xml:space="preserve">Hi, I am a student from Taiwan.

==My Works==
*[[Bopomofo]](near finished!)
*[[Taiwan History]](freshly started)
*I also like to edit the [[Chinese (Mandarin)]] textbook.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Userboxtop}}
[[File:Mandarin-fruit-mandarin- language-joke.png|400px]]
{{user language|zh|N}}
{{user language|en|N}}
{{user language|ru|1}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
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    <title>Bopomofo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484055</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641693</id>
      <parentid>4641502</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T12:31:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+template</comment>
      <origin>4641693</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1124" sha1="p00imsrlmqcmosxj6w1kf486ukcil3l" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}{{Formatting}}__NOTOC__ __NOEDITSECTION__
{| width=&quot;100%&quot; style=&quot; box-shadow:gray 1px 1px 5px; padding:1em; &quot;
|+
|-
| width=&quot;100%&quot; |
&lt;div id=&quot;mf-head&quot;&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''Bopomofo Textbook'''&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:1.2em; color:gray; margin:0.2em;&quot;&gt;'''ㄓㄨˋㄧㄣ ㄈㄨˊ ㄏㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄎㄜ ㄕㄨ'''
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color:#cc0000;&quot;&gt;'''''Note:'''''&lt;/span&gt; To use this book, your web browser must first be configured to display Bopomofo characters and Chinese characters. Check the three boxes below:
{| border=&quot;1&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;6&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
| style=&quot;background-color:#eeeeee;&quot; | ㄅㄆㄇㄈㄉㄊㄋㄌ
| style=&quot;background-color:#eeeeee;&quot; | 注音符號教科書
| style=&quot;background-color:#eeeeee;&quot; | 注音符号教科书
|}
==Contents==
*[[/Introduction-What is Bopomofo?/]]
*1.[[/Initials/]]
*2.[[/Medials/]]
*3.[[/Finals/]]
*4.[[/Tones/]]
*5.[[/Practice &amp; Application/]]
*[[/Appendix/]]
==Related books==
*[[Pinyin]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
{{Shelves|Chinese language}}
{{Status|75%}}
{{bookcat}}

|}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Building a wheel</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-29T12:33:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>clarify</comment>
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      <text bytes="1612" sha1="thyuuzafykk3hxdrds6hycjp53y28bz" xml:space="preserve">{{qr-scope|reason=Does not appear book-like in scope or construction}}
Start with a rim that is round and true

make sure you have the correct number of holes the same on the flange of the hub and the rim

make sure you have the correct spoke length, you can use a spoke length calculator as found on ebikes.ca or in the case of a pedego bike look up the correct spoke length in the pedego price list.

Find the valve stem on the rim.

Start on the right side with correct spoke length, look at a previous rim to see if the spoke next to the valve hole is facing inward or outward, copy the correct direction, in fact start with the spoke that threads with head on the outside of the flange as it will be easier to place the second set of spoke with the flange on the inside afterwards.  The first spoke you lace is the a spoke.  Pay attention to the flange if every hole is the same relative.  In the case of the bafang motor there are notches so the spokes should be placed relative to that.

In a fat tire rim such as on the element the spoke holes are not directly in line so every second spoke on one side is the a spoke

Lace every second spoke as and a spoke.  Loosely put a spoke nipple on.  

Now comes the b spoke.  In the element it is a single cross pattern.  The head goes on the inside, pay attention to the cross pattern lacing the spoke from inside to outside.  Lace all the b spokes

Flip the wheel over.  Place the spokes so that the wheels is 

even spokes on nipples

dish wheel on bike

lateral true

radial true

bring up tension

lateral true radial true

bring up tension

tension balance</text>
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  <page>
    <title>History of China/Introduction</title>
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      <id>4641687</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-29T12:13:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="299" sha1="askc9daiqw09pt4fx033hyu3ph2q4oo" xml:space="preserve">'''China''' ,is a country with a long history. Learning the Chinese history can help you more understand the Chinese culture, and also the Chinese language. This book will introduce all of the Chinese history, from Pre-Imperial China to the Modern day China.
Have fun learning!
{{stub}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Bopomofo/List of Bopomofo</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484086</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641686</id>
      <parentid>4641499</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T12:13:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
      <origin>4641686</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="709" sha1="cp70iu10ul2uwxklj5cehiitkfeq8w7" xml:space="preserve">{| class=wikitable style=&quot;text-align:center;&quot; width=900
|-
!colspan=4 style=&quot;background: #F0FFD9&quot;|Finals!!style=&quot;background: #FFFAD9&quot;|Medials!!colspan=6 style=&quot;background: #FFE8D9&quot;|Initials|| rowspan=&quot;6&quot; | Bopomofo
注音符號
|- style=&quot;font-size:150%;&quot;
|ㄦ||ㄢ||ㄞ||ㄚ||ㄧ||ㄗ||ㄓ||ㄐ||ㄍ||ㄉ||ㄅ
|- style=&quot;font-size:150%;&quot;
|||ㄣ||ㄟ||ㄛ||ㄨ||ㄘ||ㄔ||ㄑ||ㄎ||ㄊ||ㄆ
|- style=&quot;font-size:150%;&quot;
|||ㄤ||ㄠ||ㄜ||ㄩ||ㄙ||ㄕ||ㄒ||ㄏ||ㄋ||ㄇ
|- style=&quot;font-size:150%;&quot;
|||ㄥ||ㄡ||ㄝ||||||ㄖ||||||ㄌ||ㄈ
|}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+ Tones
|-
| First tone || ''No marking''
|-
| Second tone || ˊ
|-
| Third tone || ˇ
|-
| Fourth tone || ˋ
|-
| Neutral Tone || ˙
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Taiwan history</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484088</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641689</id>
      <parentid>4641665</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T12:28:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>move contents to title page</comment>
      <origin>4641689</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3765" sha1="g5zyznpe8emak0ezzacnrgo7176z015" xml:space="preserve">[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|center|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|50%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/How To Use This Textbook|How to use this textbook]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/List of Rulers of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}
==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>g5zyznpe8emak0ezzacnrgo7176z015</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641692</id>
      <parentid>4641689</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T12:30:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>+template</comment>
      <origin>4641692</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3777" sha1="dm6eu4lbzy8xzce804kyrtef7rd9w5f" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|center|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|50%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/How To Use This Textbook|How to use this textbook]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/List of Rulers of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}
==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-29T12:38:11Z</timestamp>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3688" sha1="emffihjdsg4lusw2xubhzgqo59fgho1" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|center|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|50%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/List of Rulers of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}
==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>emffihjdsg4lusw2xubhzgqo59fgho1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641701</id>
      <parentid>4641698</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T13:33:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
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      <origin>4641701</origin>
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      <text bytes="3689" sha1="3kcju5nx697t2gosuypcaexjrd9kmau" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|center|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|50%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/List of Rulers of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}
==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>3kcju5nx697t2gosuypcaexjrd9kmau</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641773</id>
      <parentid>4641701</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T02:21:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Appendices */</comment>
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      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3690" sha1="9xgd9zkcwap5xq2w6vru9wa6wmn5xl9" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|center|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|50%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/List of Rulers of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>9xgd9zkcwap5xq2w6vru9wa6wmn5xl9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641776</id>
      <parentid>4641773</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T03:04:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641776</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3742" sha1="ezqfd2uxcedytwvyfm15vw31ocos3en" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|50%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/List of Rulers of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ezqfd2uxcedytwvyfm15vw31ocos3en</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641777</id>
      <parentid>4641776</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T03:06:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641777</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3768" sha1="347w8ff6n7956a9b4ewufh4z4z26kle" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|50%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/List of Rulers of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Shelves|Asian History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>347w8ff6n7956a9b4ewufh4z4z26kle</sha1>
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    <revision>
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      <contributor>
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        <id>3609960</id>
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      <text bytes="3742" sha1="ezqfd2uxcedytwvyfm15vw31ocos3en" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|50%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/List of Rulers of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ezqfd2uxcedytwvyfm15vw31ocos3en</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641779</id>
      <parentid>4641778</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T03:08:17Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
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      <origin>4641779</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3745" sha1="5bxiusxxc38j8odqjiwigs0dz991rs2" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/List of Rulers of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>5bxiusxxc38j8odqjiwigs0dz991rs2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641780</id>
      <parentid>4641779</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T03:08:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Contents */</comment>
      <origin>4641780</origin>
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      <text bytes="3745" sha1="nq1wqjwgz8jmb8fu9ivlmxme7hpkpbj" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/List of Rulers of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>nq1wqjwgz8jmb8fu9ivlmxme7hpkpbj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641783</id>
      <parentid>4641780</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T03:21:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641783</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3746" sha1="laq7xu95vzyzto743lw8722cjp1o44b" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|25%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/List of Rulers of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>laq7xu95vzyzto743lw8722cjp1o44b</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641787</id>
      <parentid>4641783</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T04:10:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Appendices */  already had a wikipedia article about the same thing, and the content is the same . see [[w:List of rulers of Taiwan]]</comment>
      <origin>4641787</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3681" sha1="2uvs39nusgcccaz56z4b8o1cso1uo8e" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|25%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>2uvs39nusgcccaz56z4b8o1cso1uo8e</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641794</id>
      <parentid>4641787</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T05:12:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Contents */</comment>
      <origin>4641794</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3682" sha1="tewogkyxjmj3ivrjwazbg6zvv4k1vm1" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>tewogkyxjmj3ivrjwazbg6zvv4k1vm1</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641812</id>
      <parentid>4641794</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T11:53:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Contents */</comment>
      <origin>4641812</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3683" sha1="dz0dhuyv2jn7t3wf2bkl1yfz0x188mp" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|25%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>dz0dhuyv2jn7t3wf2bkl1yfz0x188mp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taiwan history/Contents</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484096</id>
    <redirect title="Taiwan history" />
    <revision>
      <id>4641683</id>
      <parentid>4641668</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T12:11:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
      <origin>4641683</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3214" sha1="net9h4lmcc5h9cw2kiplsybbbsztbar" xml:space="preserve">==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|50%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/How To Use This Textbook|How to use this textbook]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
* [[/List of Rulers of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}
==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>net9h4lmcc5h9cw2kiplsybbbsztbar</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641690</id>
      <parentid>4641683</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T12:29:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kittycataclysm</username>
        <id>3371989</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>move contents to title page and redirect</comment>
      <origin>4641690</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="28" sha1="jl4lm40kockctprqcto5jokhmexspe3" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[Taiwan history]]</text>
      <sha1>jl4lm40kockctprqcto5jokhmexspe3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Hokkien/About Hokkien</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484100</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641678</id>
      <parentid>4641615</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T12:10:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
      <origin>4641678</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="375" sha1="5t16y4f3hoa30b3ly2isfphf2w4s2h7" xml:space="preserve">==About Hokkien==
'''Hokkien''', is one of a dialect in Chinese, mainly used in parts of China, Taiwan, and also parts of Southeast Asia.
==Why learn Hokkien?==
Learning Hokkien connects you deeply with local communities, culture, and history across Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and Southern China.
[[File:Hokkien Speakers in Asia.png|thumb|Hokkien Speakers in Asia]]

{{BookCat}}</text>
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    <title>Atomic Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...f6/2. Nc3/2...Nh6/3. g4/3...c6</title>
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      <text bytes="594" sha1="jpm5jfkxwoirmae48q00emsztaxz3lm" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess diagram
| tright
| 1. Nf3 f6 2. Nc3 Nh6 3. g4 c6
|=

|rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|  |rd
|pd|pd|  |pd|pd|  |pd|pd
|  |  |pd|  |  |pd|  |nd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |pl|  
|  |  |nl|  |  |nl|  |  
|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|  |pl
|rl|  |bl|ql|kl|bl|  |rl
| defend b5 and d5 squares
}}
== 3...c6! ==
this move defend b5 and d5 squares.
=== White responses ===
* '''4. d4''' - main move
* '''4. Nd4'''
* '''4. e3'''
* '''4. e4'''
* '''4. d3'''
* '''4. h4'''
* '''4. Ng5'''
* '''4. Nd5'''
* '''4. Nb5'''
* '''4. Ne4'''
* '''4. Ne5'''
* '''4. Na4'''
* '''4. Nh4'''
* '''4. Rg1'''

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      <text bytes="641" sha1="m38j3190l4dbc5ad8nqsze2rjpxrznq" xml:space="preserve">'''Taiwan'''(Traditional Chinese:台灣),is a country with a complex history. It is a rich mosaic shaped by its Indigenous roots, successive waves of colonization, and a modern transformation into a thriving democracy and global technological powerhouse. Learning the Taiwan history can help you understand more about the Taiwanese culture. This book will introduce all of the Taiwanese history, from Prehistorical Era to the Modern day Taiwan. Have fun!

'''Note:''' Not to be confused with ''History of Republic of China'', which is the government in Taiwan, started in 1912 in mainland China, and retreated to Taiwan in 1949.

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      <text bytes="408" sha1="t0p6iv5j82ea04lcl5ect1d92kgsxh7" xml:space="preserve">==要……，……才会…… (Need to..., then... will...)==
===Try to finish the sentence===
*身体要多运动，...才会...？
*跟朋友相处要互相体谅，...才会...？
*平时养成存钱的习惯，...才会...？
===Traditional Character===
*身體要多運動，...才會...？
*跟朋友相處要互相體諒，...才會...？
*平常養成存錢的習慣，...才會...？

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==走==
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==打==
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==''擾''==
[[File:擾-bw.png]]
==扰==
[[File:扰-bw.png]]
==实==
[[File:实-bw.png]]
==''實''==
[[File:實-bw.png]]
==吃==
[[File:吃-bw.png]]
==睡=
[[File:睡-bw.png]]
==''覺''==
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==觉==
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==时==
[[File:时-bw.png]]
==''時''==
[[File:時-bw.png]]
==敲==
[[File:敲-bw.png]]
==''門''==
[[File:門-bw.png]]
==门==
[[File:门-bw.png]]
==终==
[[File:终-bw.png]]
==''終''==
[[File:終-bw.png]]
==于==
[[File:于-bw.png]]
==''於''==
[[File:於-bw.png]]
==东==
[[File:东-bw.png]]
==''東''==
[[File:東-bw.png]]
==西==
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==走==
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==打==
[[File:打-bw.png]]
==''擾''==
[[File:擾-bw.png]]
==扰==
[[File:扰-bw.png]]
==实==
[[File:实-bw.png]]
==''實''==
[[File:實-bw.png]]
==吃==
[[File:吃-bw.png]]
==睡==
[[File:睡-bw.png]]
==''覺''==
[[File:覺-bw.png]]
==觉==
[[File:觉-bw.png]]
==时==
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==敲==
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==''門''==
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==门==
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==终==
[[File:终-bw.png]]
==''終''==
[[File:終-bw.png]]
==于==
[[File:于-bw.png]]
==''於''==
[[File:於-bw.png]]
==东==
[[File:东-bw.png]]
==''東''==
[[File:東-bw.png]]
==西==
[[File:西-bw.png]]
==玩==
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==喝==
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[[File:實-bw.png]]
==吃==
[[File:吃-bw.png]]
==睡==
[[File:睡-bw.png]]
==''覺''==
[[File:覺-bw.png]]
==觉==
[[File:觉-bw.png]]
==时==
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[[File:敲-bw.png]]
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[[File:终-bw.png]]
==''終''==
[[File:終-bw.png]]
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==''於''==
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==''東''==
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    <title>Taiwan history/About Taiwan History</title>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;'''Taiwan'''(Traditional Chinese:台灣),is a country with a complex history. It is a rich mosaic shaped by its Indigenous roots, successive waves of colonization, and a modern transformation into a thriving democracy and global technological powerhouse. Learning the Taiwan history can help you understand more about the Taiwanese culture. This book will introduce all of the Taiwanese history, from Prehistorical Era to the Modern day Taiwan. Have fun!  '''Note:''' Not to...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="641" sha1="m38j3190l4dbc5ad8nqsze2rjpxrznq" xml:space="preserve">'''Taiwan'''(Traditional Chinese:台灣),is a country with a complex history. It is a rich mosaic shaped by its Indigenous roots, successive waves of colonization, and a modern transformation into a thriving democracy and global technological powerhouse. Learning the Taiwan history can help you understand more about the Taiwanese culture. This book will introduce all of the Taiwanese history, from Prehistorical Era to the Modern day Taiwan. Have fun!

'''Note:''' Not to be confused with ''History of Republic of China'', which is the government in Taiwan, started in 1912 in mainland China, and retreated to Taiwan in 1949.

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      <comment>Created page with &quot;==Prehistorical Culture== In the Stone Age, the people on the island used stone tools to meet their daily needs, including hunting animals, crafting implements, and processing food. Taiwan's prehistorical archaeological site are the key information to understand the prehistorical culture. Such as the Beigang Site and multiple sites in Keelung etc. ===Lianhuachi Culture=== Lianhuachi Culture is an important representative of Taiwan's prehistoric culture.Lianhuachi Culture...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="841" sha1="ovjqptbt2habk7km9rnr037hqsgkvkn" xml:space="preserve">==Prehistorical Culture==
In the Stone Age, the people on the island used stone tools to meet their daily needs, including hunting animals, crafting implements, and processing food. Taiwan's prehistorical archaeological site are the key information to understand the prehistorical culture. Such as the Beigang Site and multiple sites in Keelung etc.
===Lianhuachi Culture===
Lianhuachi Culture is an important representative of Taiwan's prehistoric culture.Lianhuachi Culture got its name from the southern Taiwan's Lianhuachi site.This culture emerged between approximately 4,000 and 3,000 years ago and relied primarily on agriculture for its livelihood. They improved the technology of producing pottery and the develop of plant cultivation.
===Kenting Culture===
==Indigenous people==
===Indigenous people's culture (gallery)===
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      <text bytes="1013" sha1="2a5p8q25wm588bny5qtrm3aucm40vbl" xml:space="preserve">==Prehistorical Culture==
In the Stone Age, the people on the island used stone tools to meet their daily needs, including hunting animals, crafting implements, and processing food. Taiwan's prehistorical archaeological site are the key information to understand the prehistorical culture. Such as the Beigang Site and multiple sites in Keelung etc.
===Lianhuachi Culture===
Lianhuachi Culture is an important representative of Taiwan's prehistoric culture.Lianhuachi Culture got its name from the southern Taiwan's Lianhuachi site.This culture emerged between approximately 4,000 and 3,000 years ago and relied primarily on agriculture for its livelihood. They improved the technology of producing pottery and the develop of plant cultivation.
===Kenting Culture===
==Indigenous people==
===Indigenous people's culture (gallery)===
&lt;gallery&gt;
Tao1.jpg
Tao2.jpg
Tao3.jpg
Tao4.jpg
Tao5.jpg
Tao6.jpg
Tao7.jpg
Tao8.jpg
Tao9.jpg
Tao10.jpg
Tao11.jpg
Tao12.jpg
Tao13.jpg
Tao14.jpg
Tao15.jpg
Tao16.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
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      <text bytes="1026" sha1="16p0fi8g3toen4rw9otxtn90887nmov" xml:space="preserve">==Prehistorical Culture==
In the Stone Age, the people on the island used stone tools to meet their daily needs, including hunting animals, crafting implements, and processing food. Taiwan's prehistorical archaeological site are the key information to understand the prehistorical culture. Such as the Beigang Site and multiple sites in Keelung etc.
===Lianhuachi Culture===
Lianhuachi Culture is an important representative of Taiwan's prehistoric culture.Lianhuachi Culture got its name from the southern Taiwan's Lianhuachi site.This culture emerged between approximately 4,000 and 3,000 years ago and relied primarily on agriculture for its livelihood. They improved the technology of producing pottery and the develop of plant cultivation.
===Kenting Culture===
==Indigenous people==
===Indigenous people's culture (gallery)===
&lt;gallery&gt;
Tao1.jpg
Tao2.jpg
Tao3.jpg
Tao4.jpg
Tao5.jpg
Tao6.jpg
Tao7.jpg
Tao8.jpg
Tao9.jpg
Tao10.jpg
Tao11.jpg
Tao12.jpg
Tao13.jpg
Tao14.jpg
Tao15.jpg
Tao16.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
{{stub}}

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      <text bytes="2225" sha1="sk4luhodsrt0cgn5gg1ypskp4draaf9" xml:space="preserve">==Prehistorical Culture==
In the Stone Age, the people on the island used stone tools to meet their daily needs, including hunting animals, crafting implements, and processing food. Taiwan's prehistorical archaeological site are the key information to understand the prehistorical culture. Such as the Beigang Site and multiple sites in Keelung etc.
===Lianhuachi Culture===
Lianhuachi Culture is an important representative of Taiwan's prehistoric culture.Lianhuachi Culture got its name from the southern Taiwan's Lianhuachi site.This culture emerged between approximately 4,000 and 3,000 years ago and relied primarily on agriculture for its livelihood. They improved the technology of producing pottery and the develop of plant cultivation.
===Kenting Culture===
Kenting Culture is an important representative of Taiwan's late prehistoric culture.This culture emerged between approximately 3,000 and 1,000 years ago and mainly discovered at southern Taiwan.They improved the technology of producing and decorating pottery, alongside the development of more complex social organization and religious beliefs.
==Indigenous people==
Indigenous people are the earliest inhabitants of Taiwan, who have over a thousand years of history. They are a part of Taiwan's diverse culture, with special culture.
*Diversity: There are officially 16 groups of Indigenous group recognized by the Taiwan (ROC) government.
*Lifestyle: In the past, they used to hunt, fish and farm to live. They have special culture of living, clothing, eating and religion. Many of these traditional cultural elements are still preserved today.
*Language:Their language is usually a part of Austronesian languages, which is a group of language that cross the Pacific and the Indian ocean.There is a theory that the origin of the language comes from Taiwan.
[[File:Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific (per Benton et al, 2012, adapted from Bellwood, 2011).png|thumb|Austronesian languages]]
===Indigenous people's culture (gallery)===
&lt;gallery&gt;
Tao1.jpg
Tao2.jpg
Tao3.jpg
Tao4.jpg
Tao5.jpg
Tao6.jpg
Tao7.jpg
Tao8.jpg
Tao9.jpg
Tao10.jpg
Tao11.jpg
Tao12.jpg
Tao13.jpg
Tao14.jpg
Tao15.jpg
Tao16.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;
{{stub}}

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      <text bytes="2216" sha1="rpluinc8qkauajrqr4i3lof3godjwut" xml:space="preserve">==Prehistorical Culture==
In the Stone Age, the people on the island used stone tools to meet their daily needs, including hunting animals, crafting implements, and processing food. Taiwan's prehistorical archaeological site are the key information to understand the prehistorical culture. Such as the Beigang Site and multiple sites in Keelung etc.
===Lianhuachi Culture===
Lianhuachi Culture is an important representative of Taiwan's prehistoric culture.Lianhuachi Culture got its name from the southern Taiwan's Lianhuachi site.This culture emerged between approximately 4,000 and 3,000 years ago and relied primarily on agriculture for its livelihood. They improved the technology of producing pottery and the develop of plant cultivation.
===Kenting Culture===
Kenting Culture is an important representative of Taiwan's late prehistoric culture.This culture emerged between approximately 3,000 and 1,000 years ago and mainly discovered at southern Taiwan.They improved the technology of producing and decorating pottery, alongside the development of more complex social organization and religious beliefs.
==Indigenous people==
Indigenous people are the earliest inhabitants of Taiwan, who have over a thousand years of history. They are a part of Taiwan's diverse culture, with special culture.
*Diversity: There are officially 16 groups of Indigenous group recognized by the Taiwan (ROC) government.
*Lifestyle: In the past, they used to hunt, fish and farm to live. They have special culture of living, clothing, eating and religion. Many of these traditional cultural elements are still preserved today.
*Language:Their language is usually a part of Austronesian languages, which is a group of language that cross the Pacific and the Indian ocean.There is a theory that the origin of the language comes from Taiwan.
[[File:Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific (per Benton et al, 2012, adapted from Bellwood, 2011).png|thumb|Austronesian languages]]
===Indigenous people's culture (gallery)===
&lt;gallery&gt;
Tao1.jpg
Tao2.jpg
Tao3.jpg
Tao4.jpg
Tao5.jpg
Tao6.jpg
Tao7.jpg
Tao8.jpg
Tao9.jpg
Tao10.jpg
Tao11.jpg
Tao12.jpg
Tao13.jpg
Tao14.jpg
Tao15.jpg
Tao16.jpg
&lt;/gallery&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
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    <title>Taiwan history/Historical Maps of Taiwan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484112</id>
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      <id>4641700</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T13:31:26Z</timestamp>
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        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;This page presents maps related to the history of Taiwan for the reader's reference. ==Prehistorical Era== {{multiple image  | align     = left  | width     = 240  | image1    = Late Neolithic Taiwan.svg  | caption1  = Prehistorical cultures in Taiwan  | image2    = Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific (per Benton et al, 2012, adapted from Bellwood, 2011).png  | caption2  = Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific }}...&quot;</comment>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="3954" sha1="pba8lxmyzd593puhxgnom07nf3o3obi" xml:space="preserve">This page presents maps related to the history of Taiwan for the reader's reference.
==Prehistorical Era==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 240
 | image1    = Late Neolithic Taiwan.svg
 | caption1  = Prehistorical cultures in Taiwan
 | image2    = Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific (per Benton et al, 2012, adapted from Bellwood, 2011).png
 | caption2  = Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific
}}

{{-}}

==Early Taiwan==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 240
 | image1    = Dutch and Spanish Taiwan.png
 | caption1  = Dutch and Spanish Taiwan
}}

{{-}}

===Dutch Taiwan===
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1626年西班牙人所繪荷蘭人在福爾摩沙(大員-臺灣)台江內海一帶之活動 Spanish Drawing about Dutch Activities around Tayouan of Formosa-Taiwan.jpg
 | caption1  = 1626, a Spanish in the Philipines, Pedro de Vera, drew the &quot;Description of the Harbour of the Dutch on the Island of Formosa&quot; based on &lt;The Salvador Díaz Report&gt;.
 | image2    = 1640 Map of Formosa-Taiwan by Dutch 荷蘭人所繪福爾摩沙-臺灣.jpg
 | caption2  = &quot;Penghu Island and Formosa Islands&quot; by Dutch painter Johann Finpoun, painted around 1640.
 | image3    = Dutch Tamsui Map 1654.png
 | caption3  = A Dutch map of Tamshui, painted in 1654
 | image4    = Atlas Blaeu-Van der Hem - Taioan.jpg
 | caption4  = &quot;Atlas Blaeu-Van der Hem - Taioan&quot;
 | image5    = 1662 Map of Formosa (Taiwan) and Surrounding Countries by Dutch Frederik de Wit 荷蘭人所繪福爾摩沙臺灣.jpeg
 | caption5  = Dutch map of Formosa in 1662
}}

{{-}}

===Spanish Taiwan===
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1626 Map of Keelung and Tamsui Harbor, Formosa-Taiwan by Spanish 西班牙人所繪福爾摩沙基隆港與淡水港.png
 | caption1  = 1626 Map of Keelung and Tamsui Harbor
}}

{{-}}

==Tungning Kingdom==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = Kingdom of Tungning.svg
 | caption1  = Kingdom of Tungning
 | image2    = Tungning Kingdom in Kunyu Wanguo Quantu.jpg
 | caption2  = Japanese 1708 version of the colored world map, which had the word &quot;Tungning&quot; on it.
 | image3    = Administrative division of Kingdom of Tungning.jpg
 | caption3  = Administrative division of Kingdom of Tungning
}}

{{-}}

==Qing rule==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1685 Taiwan.svg
 | caption1  = 1685 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image2    = 1734 Taiwan.svg
 | caption2  = 1734 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image3    = 1735年法國人所繪臺灣地圖 Map of Government-controlled Taiwan - Formosa by French.jpg
 | caption3  = Map of Government-controlled Taiwan - Formosa by French
 | image4    = 1875 Taiwan.svg
 | caption4  = 1875 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image5    = 清光緒會典臺灣全圖.jpg
 | caption5  = Qing map of Taiwan
 | image6    = 1894 Taiwan.svg
 | caption6  = 189 Taiwan's Administrative division
}}

{{-}}

==Japanese rule==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1896 map of Taiwan.png
 | caption1  = 1896 map of Taiwan
 | image2    = 1897 Taiwan.svg
 | caption2  = 1897 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image3    = Map of Taiwan 1901.jpg
 | caption3  = 1901 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image4    = 1901 Taiwan.svg
 | caption4  = 1901 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image5    = 1909 Taiwan.svg
 | caption5  = 1909 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image6    = Taiwan Japan lv2.svg
 | caption6  = {{legend|#f5c3c4|{{lang|ja|市}} (city)}}
{{legend|#e3edc3|{{lang|ja|郡}} (county)}}
{{legend|#ceb2cd|{{lang|ja|支廳}} (branch office)}}
}}

{{-}}

{{Wide image|taiwan daily news taiwan map.jpg|2000px|(1928),a Taiwan map for tourist painted by Japanese|100%|center|alt=(1928),a Taiwan map for tourist painted by Japanese}}

==After WW2==</text>
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      <minor />
      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
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      <text bytes="3967" sha1="ppdmqo9b276nln1464b4qgwwv87cvod" xml:space="preserve">This page presents maps related to the history of Taiwan for the reader's reference.
==Prehistorical Era==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 240
 | image1    = Late Neolithic Taiwan.svg
 | caption1  = Prehistorical cultures in Taiwan
 | image2    = Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific (per Benton et al, 2012, adapted from Bellwood, 2011).png
 | caption2  = Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific
}}

{{-}}

==Early Taiwan==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 240
 | image1    = Dutch and Spanish Taiwan.png
 | caption1  = Dutch and Spanish Taiwan
}}

{{-}}

===Dutch Taiwan===
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1626年西班牙人所繪荷蘭人在福爾摩沙(大員-臺灣)台江內海一帶之活動 Spanish Drawing about Dutch Activities around Tayouan of Formosa-Taiwan.jpg
 | caption1  = 1626, a Spanish in the Philipines, Pedro de Vera, drew the &quot;Description of the Harbour of the Dutch on the Island of Formosa&quot; based on &lt;The Salvador Díaz Report&gt;.
 | image2    = 1640 Map of Formosa-Taiwan by Dutch 荷蘭人所繪福爾摩沙-臺灣.jpg
 | caption2  = &quot;Penghu Island and Formosa Islands&quot; by Dutch painter Johann Finpoun, painted around 1640.
 | image3    = Dutch Tamsui Map 1654.png
 | caption3  = A Dutch map of Tamshui, painted in 1654
 | image4    = Atlas Blaeu-Van der Hem - Taioan.jpg
 | caption4  = &quot;Atlas Blaeu-Van der Hem - Taioan&quot;
 | image5    = 1662 Map of Formosa (Taiwan) and Surrounding Countries by Dutch Frederik de Wit 荷蘭人所繪福爾摩沙臺灣.jpeg
 | caption5  = Dutch map of Formosa in 1662
}}

{{-}}

===Spanish Taiwan===
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1626 Map of Keelung and Tamsui Harbor, Formosa-Taiwan by Spanish 西班牙人所繪福爾摩沙基隆港與淡水港.png
 | caption1  = 1626 Map of Keelung and Tamsui Harbor
}}

{{-}}

==Tungning Kingdom==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = Kingdom of Tungning.svg
 | caption1  = Kingdom of Tungning
 | image2    = Tungning Kingdom in Kunyu Wanguo Quantu.jpg
 | caption2  = Japanese 1708 version of the colored world map, which had the word &quot;Tungning&quot; on it.
 | image3    = Administrative division of Kingdom of Tungning.jpg
 | caption3  = Administrative division of Kingdom of Tungning
}}

{{-}}

==Qing rule==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1685 Taiwan.svg
 | caption1  = 1685 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image2    = 1734 Taiwan.svg
 | caption2  = 1734 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image3    = 1735年法國人所繪臺灣地圖 Map of Government-controlled Taiwan - Formosa by French.jpg
 | caption3  = Map of Government-controlled Taiwan - Formosa by French
 | image4    = 1875 Taiwan.svg
 | caption4  = 1875 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image5    = 清光緒會典臺灣全圖.jpg
 | caption5  = Qing map of Taiwan
 | image6    = 1894 Taiwan.svg
 | caption6  = 189 Taiwan's Administrative division
}}

{{-}}

==Japanese rule==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1896 map of Taiwan.png
 | caption1  = 1896 map of Taiwan
 | image2    = 1897 Taiwan.svg
 | caption2  = 1897 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image3    = Map of Taiwan 1901.jpg
 | caption3  = 1901 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image4    = 1901 Taiwan.svg
 | caption4  = 1901 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image5    = 1909 Taiwan.svg
 | caption5  = 1909 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image6    = Taiwan Japan lv2.svg
 | caption6  = {{legend|#f5c3c4|{{lang|ja|市}} (city)}}
{{legend|#e3edc3|{{lang|ja|郡}} (county)}}
{{legend|#ceb2cd|{{lang|ja|支廳}} (branch office)}}
}}

{{-}}

{{Wide image|taiwan daily news taiwan map.jpg|2000px|(1928),a Taiwan map for tourist painted by Japanese|100%|center|alt=(1928),a Taiwan map for tourist painted by Japanese}}

==After WW2==

{{BookCat}}</text>
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      <id>4641781</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-30T03:16:01Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>/* Early Taiwan */</comment>
      <origin>4641781</origin>
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      <text bytes="3970" sha1="h8ybg8bqdubmchnmg0fmo5jjw0zfad2" xml:space="preserve">This page presents maps related to the history of Taiwan for the reader's reference.
==Prehistorical Era==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 240
 | image1    = Late Neolithic Taiwan.svg
 | caption1  = Prehistorical cultures in Taiwan
 | image2    = Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific (per Benton et al, 2012, adapted from Bellwood, 2011).png
 | caption2  = Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific
}}

{{-}}

==Early Taiwan==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 240
 | image1    = Dutch and Spanish Taiwan en.svg
 | caption1  = Dutch and Spanish Taiwan
}}

{{-}}

===Dutch Taiwan===
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1626年西班牙人所繪荷蘭人在福爾摩沙(大員-臺灣)台江內海一帶之活動 Spanish Drawing about Dutch Activities around Tayouan of Formosa-Taiwan.jpg
 | caption1  = 1626, a Spanish in the Philipines, Pedro de Vera, drew the &quot;Description of the Harbour of the Dutch on the Island of Formosa&quot; based on &lt;The Salvador Díaz Report&gt;.
 | image2    = 1640 Map of Formosa-Taiwan by Dutch 荷蘭人所繪福爾摩沙-臺灣.jpg
 | caption2  = &quot;Penghu Island and Formosa Islands&quot; by Dutch painter Johann Finpoun, painted around 1640.
 | image3    = Dutch Tamsui Map 1654.png
 | caption3  = A Dutch map of Tamshui, painted in 1654
 | image4    = Atlas Blaeu-Van der Hem - Taioan.jpg
 | caption4  = &quot;Atlas Blaeu-Van der Hem - Taioan&quot;
 | image5    = 1662 Map of Formosa (Taiwan) and Surrounding Countries by Dutch Frederik de Wit 荷蘭人所繪福爾摩沙臺灣.jpeg
 | caption5  = Dutch map of Formosa in 1662
}}

{{-}}

===Spanish Taiwan===
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1626 Map of Keelung and Tamsui Harbor, Formosa-Taiwan by Spanish 西班牙人所繪福爾摩沙基隆港與淡水港.png
 | caption1  = 1626 Map of Keelung and Tamsui Harbor
}}

{{-}}

==Tungning Kingdom==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = Kingdom of Tungning.svg
 | caption1  = Kingdom of Tungning
 | image2    = Tungning Kingdom in Kunyu Wanguo Quantu.jpg
 | caption2  = Japanese 1708 version of the colored world map, which had the word &quot;Tungning&quot; on it.
 | image3    = Administrative division of Kingdom of Tungning.jpg
 | caption3  = Administrative division of Kingdom of Tungning
}}

{{-}}

==Qing rule==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1685 Taiwan.svg
 | caption1  = 1685 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image2    = 1734 Taiwan.svg
 | caption2  = 1734 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image3    = 1735年法國人所繪臺灣地圖 Map of Government-controlled Taiwan - Formosa by French.jpg
 | caption3  = Map of Government-controlled Taiwan - Formosa by French
 | image4    = 1875 Taiwan.svg
 | caption4  = 1875 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image5    = 清光緒會典臺灣全圖.jpg
 | caption5  = Qing map of Taiwan
 | image6    = 1894 Taiwan.svg
 | caption6  = 189 Taiwan's Administrative division
}}

{{-}}

==Japanese rule==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1896 map of Taiwan.png
 | caption1  = 1896 map of Taiwan
 | image2    = 1897 Taiwan.svg
 | caption2  = 1897 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image3    = Map of Taiwan 1901.jpg
 | caption3  = 1901 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image4    = 1901 Taiwan.svg
 | caption4  = 1901 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image5    = 1909 Taiwan.svg
 | caption5  = 1909 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image6    = Taiwan Japan lv2.svg
 | caption6  = {{legend|#f5c3c4|{{lang|ja|市}} (city)}}
{{legend|#e3edc3|{{lang|ja|郡}} (county)}}
{{legend|#ceb2cd|{{lang|ja|支廳}} (branch office)}}
}}

{{-}}

{{Wide image|taiwan daily news taiwan map.jpg|2000px|(1928),a Taiwan map for tourist painted by Japanese|100%|center|alt=(1928),a Taiwan map for tourist painted by Japanese}}

==After WW2==

{{BookCat}}</text>
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      <comment>B.Korlah moved page [[User:SHE-LOVES-BRIAN/Nigerian Achicha Ede (Cocoyam Porridge)]] to [[User:Cookbook:Nigerian Achicha Ede (Cocoyam Porridge)]]: To the right page</comment>
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      <text bytes="67" sha1="psyf479lpxq4p8266zqfxhiu3k32z1w" xml:space="preserve">#REDIRECT [[User:Cookbook:Nigerian Achicha Ede (Cocoyam Porridge)]]</text>
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      <comment>B.Korlah moved page [[User:Cookbook:Nigerian Achicha Ede (Cocoyam Porridge)]] to [[Cookbook:Nigerian Achicha Ede (Cocoyam Porridge)]]</comment>
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  <page>
    <title>Industrial Sewing Machine Needle Guide</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <comment>Creating a comprehensive technical guide for DBx1 and 1738 industrial sewing needle systems.</comment>
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      <text bytes="6053" sha1="0l48r6s15ke8h6c181sze214eb4qm2n" xml:space="preserve">In the global apparel manufacturing sector, operational efficiency and stitch integrity depend heavily on the mechanical synchronization between a sewing machine's needle and its rotary hook assembly. While domestic sewing equipment typically relies on flat-shank needles for foolproof positioning, industrial high-speed machinery requires specialized cylindrical, round-shank needle architectures to withstand rotational speeds often exceeding 5,000 stitches per minute. Among these industrial standards, the DBx1 and 1738 series represent the most widely deployed needle systems for single-needle lockstitch engineering, designed to minimize thread friction, prevent skipped stitches, and reduce material deflection under high-velocity manufacturing conditions.

== Technical Nomenclature and Structural Dimensions ==
Industrial needle systems use specialized alphanumeric coding established by precision component manufacturers. A needle system configuration dictates the permanent physical geometry of the needle—such as length, shank thickness, and butt-to-eye proportions—rather than the thickness of the blade itself. 

The DBx1 designation and the 1738 system (along with its variant, the 1738A) share identical mechanical specifications and are fully interchangeable. The variance in naming is primarily due to regional distribution and branding by different standard manufacturers (such as Groz-Beckert, Schmetz, and Organ).

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-collapse: collapse;&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa; text-align:left; padding:8px;&quot; | Mechanical Parameter
! style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa; text-align:left; padding:8px;&quot; | DBx1 Specification Standard
! style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa; text-align:left; padding:8px;&quot; | 1738 / 1738A Configuration
|-
| '''Primary Equipment Focus'''
| High-speed commercial straight lockstitch machinery.
| Light industrial, tailoring, and professional hybrid systems.
|-
| '''Shank Geometry'''
| Perfect cylindrical profile (Round Shank) without any flat positioning plane.
| Completely round shank profile, matching DBx1 dimensions exactly.
|-
| '''Standard Shank Diameter'''
| Uniformly engineered between 1.62 mm and 2.02 mm.
| Slim industrial standard specification identical to DBx1.
|-
| '''Butt-to-Scarf Distance'''
| Calibrated for standard industrial rotary hook clearances.
| Identical alignment clearance for interchangeable operations.
|}

== Micro-Anatomy of the Needle System ==
To properly troubleshoot stitching issues and execute precise mechanical adjustments, it is vital to analyze the individual structural components of the DBx1/1738 needle system:

* '''The Shank:''' The thick, upper portion secured into the needle bar. Because it is perfectly round, it lacks a built-in directional guide, meaning the technician must align the needle manually during installation.
* '''The Blade:''' The long, tapered shaft extending down to the eye. The diameter of this section determines the actual size of the needle (Nm). It bears the maximum friction during fabric penetration.
* '''The Long Groove:''' A protective channel pressed along the front side of the blade. When the needle punctures the fabric, the upper thread nestles inside this groove, protecting it from breaking due to friction.
* '''The Scarf:''' A precise indentation located on the back of the blade just above the eye. This cut-out creates physical space for the point of the rotary hook to pass incredibly close to the needle eye, catching the thread loop without hitting the needle itself.
* '''The Eye:''' The highly polished hole at the tip through which the thread is fed, engineered smoothly to eliminate thread shredding at maximum factory speeds.

== Installation Protocol and Rotary Hook Calibration ==
Due to the round shank design of the DBx1 system, wrong positioning can throw off the entire machine timing, leading to immediate thread breakage or hook damage.

=== Precision Mounting Steps ===
# '''De-energize the Equipment:''' Ensure the main motor power switch is off to guarantee absolute operator safety.
# '''Release the Clamp Screw:''' Use a flat-head screwdriver to loosen the needle bar clamp until the old needle can be safely extracted.
# '''Position the Long Groove:''' Hold the new needle so that the '''long groove faces exactly to the left''' (pointing outward toward the machine arm).
# '''Position the Scarf:''' Ensure the '''scarf faces exactly to the right''' (pointing inward toward the rotary hook mechanism).
# '''Seat Completely:''' Push the needle upward into the needle bar track until it hits the absolute top stop pin. Tighten the clamp firmly while holding the needle straight.

=== Mechanical Clearance Specifications ===
For reliable seam formation, the clearance gap between the point of the rotary shuttle hook and the needle scarf should be maintained between '''0.3 mm and 0.5 mm'''. A clearance wider than 0.5 mm results in skipped stitches, while a gap narrower than 0.3 mm increases the probability of mechanical collision and tip breakage.

== Production Guide: Fabric Allocation and Sizing ==
Matching the correct needle size to the weight of the material protects the textile fibers and maintains uniform stitch density.

* '''Fine/Light Materials (Silk, Satin, Chiffon, Fine Organza):'''
** Recommended Size: '''Nm 65/9 to Nm 75/11'''
** Thread Application: High-count fine filament or fine mercerized cotton.
* '''Medium-Weight Materials (Cotton Twill, Shirting, Synthetics, Linen):'''
** Recommended Size: '''Nm 80/12 to Nm 90/14'''
** Thread Application: Standard 40/2 or 50/2 spun polyester.
* '''Coarse/Heavy Materials (Denim, Heavy Canvas, Corduroy, Upholstery):'''
** Recommended Size: '''Nm 100/16 to Nm 110/18'''
** Thread Application: High-tensile coarse ticket or core-spun polyester threads.

== Documentation and References ==
* Industrial Sewing Machine Engineering Standards, Section 12.
* Technical Analysis: &quot;Industrial Sewing Machine Needle Guide: DBx1 and 1738 Systems&quot; by RK Gupta Govind, Tandav Industries.</text>
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In the global apparel manufacturing sector, operational efficiency and stitch integrity depend heavily on the mechanical synchronization between a sewing machine's needle and its rotary hook assembly. While domestic sewing equipment typically relies on flat-shank needles for foolproof positioning, industrial high-speed machinery requires specialized cylindrical, round-shank needle architectures to withstand rotational speeds often exceeding 5,000 stitches per minute. Among these industrial standards, the DBx1 and 1738 series represent the most widely deployed needle systems for single-needle lockstitch engineering, designed to minimize thread friction, prevent skipped stitches, and reduce material deflection under high-velocity manufacturing conditions.

== Technical Nomenclature and Structural Dimensions ==
Industrial needle systems use specialized alphanumeric coding established by precision component manufacturers. A needle system configuration dictates the permanent physical geometry of the needle—such as length, shank thickness, and butt-to-eye proportions—rather than the thickness of the blade itself. 

The DBx1 designation and the 1738 system (along with its variant, the 1738A) share identical mechanical specifications and are fully interchangeable. The variance in naming is primarily due to regional distribution and branding by different standard manufacturers (such as Groz-Beckert, Schmetz, and Organ).

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;width:100%; border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; border-collapse: collapse;&quot;
|-
! style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa; text-align:left; padding:8px;&quot; | Mechanical Parameter
! style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa; text-align:left; padding:8px;&quot; | DBx1 Specification Standard
! style=&quot;background:#f8f9fa; text-align:left; padding:8px;&quot; | 1738 / 1738A Configuration
|-
| '''Primary Equipment Focus'''
| High-speed commercial straight lockstitch machinery.
| Light industrial, tailoring, and professional hybrid systems.
|-
| '''Shank Geometry'''
| Perfect cylindrical profile (Round Shank) without any flat positioning plane.
| Completely round shank profile, matching DBx1 dimensions exactly.
|-
| '''Standard Shank Diameter'''
| Uniformly engineered between 1.62 mm and 2.02 mm.
| Slim industrial standard specification identical to DBx1.
|-
| '''Butt-to-Scarf Distance'''
| Calibrated for standard industrial rotary hook clearances.
| Identical alignment clearance for interchangeable operations.
|}

== Micro-Anatomy of the Needle System ==
To properly troubleshoot stitching issues and execute precise mechanical adjustments, it is vital to analyze the individual structural components of the DBx1/1738 needle system:

* '''The Shank:''' The thick, upper portion secured into the needle bar. Because it is perfectly round, it lacks a built-in directional guide, meaning the technician must align the needle manually during installation.
* '''The Blade:''' The long, tapered shaft extending down to the eye. The diameter of this section determines the actual size of the needle (Nm). It bears the maximum friction during fabric penetration.
* '''The Long Groove:''' A protective channel pressed along the front side of the blade. When the needle punctures the fabric, the upper thread nestles inside this groove, protecting it from breaking due to friction.
* '''The Scarf:''' A precise indentation located on the back of the blade just above the eye. This cut-out creates physical space for the point of the rotary hook to pass incredibly close to the needle eye, catching the thread loop without hitting the needle itself.
* '''The Eye:''' The highly polished hole at the tip through which the thread is fed, engineered smoothly to eliminate thread shredding at maximum factory speeds.

== Installation Protocol and Rotary Hook Calibration ==
Due to the round shank design of the DBx1 system, wrong positioning can throw off the entire machine timing, leading to immediate thread breakage or hook damage.

=== Precision Mounting Steps ===
# '''De-energize the Equipment:''' Ensure the main motor power switch is off to guarantee absolute operator safety.
# '''Release the Clamp Screw:''' Use a flat-head screwdriver to loosen the needle bar clamp until the old needle can be safely extracted.
# '''Position the Long Groove:''' Hold the new needle so that the '''long groove faces exactly to the left''' (pointing outward toward the machine arm).
# '''Position the Scarf:''' Ensure the '''scarf faces exactly to the right''' (pointing inward toward the rotary hook mechanism).
# '''Seat Completely:''' Push the needle upward into the needle bar track until it hits the absolute top stop pin. Tighten the clamp firmly while holding the needle straight.

=== Mechanical Clearance Specifications ===
For reliable seam formation, the clearance gap between the point of the rotary shuttle hook and the needle scarf should be maintained between '''0.3 mm and 0.5 mm'''. A clearance wider than 0.5 mm results in skipped stitches, while a gap narrower than 0.3 mm increases the probability of mechanical collision and tip breakage.

== Production Guide: Fabric Allocation and Sizing ==
Matching the correct needle size to the weight of the material protects the textile fibers and maintains uniform stitch density.

* '''Fine/Light Materials (Silk, Satin, Chiffon, Fine Organza):'''
** Recommended Size: '''Nm 65/9 to Nm 75/11'''
** Thread Application: High-count fine filament or fine mercerized cotton.
* '''Medium-Weight Materials (Cotton Twill, Shirting, Synthetics, Linen):'''
** Recommended Size: '''Nm 80/12 to Nm 90/14'''
** Thread Application: Standard 40/2 or 50/2 spun polyester.
* '''Coarse/Heavy Materials (Denim, Heavy Canvas, Corduroy, Upholstery):'''
** Recommended Size: '''Nm 100/16 to Nm 110/18'''
** Thread Application: High-tensile coarse ticket or core-spun polyester threads.

== Documentation and References ==
* Industrial Sewing Machine Engineering Standards, Section 12.
* Technical Analysis: &quot;Industrial Sewing Machine Needle Guide: DBx1 and 1738 Systems&quot; by RK Gupta Govind, Tandav Industries.</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User talk:Lexen33</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-29T22:35:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
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      <comment>Notifying author about page tagging</comment>
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== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Industrial Sewing Machine Needle Guide]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it &lt;strong&gt;has some problems that need to be looked at.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! &lt;!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 22:35, 29 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Cookbook:Sugar cookies</title>
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      <id>4641763</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-29T22:45:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>WhatamIdoing</username>
        <id>483040</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;This recipe for '''sugar cookies''' was typical of home economic classes in the US during the 1950s and 1960s. This is intended to be used as roll-out cookies, but it can be &quot;scooped and smashed&quot; like a drop cookie or rolled into a log to make a refrigerator cookie.  Whether it's a soft cookie or a crisp one depends on the thickness of the cookie.  == Ingredients == {| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; !Ingredient !Count !Volume !Weight |- |Butter | |3/4 cup |170 g 6&amp;nbsp;ounces |- |Whi...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="4631" sha1="oyg6nypiiko1spo6ussq7s57j6jnmfb" xml:space="preserve">This recipe for '''sugar cookies''' was typical of home economic classes in the US during the 1950s and 1960s. This is intended to be used as roll-out cookies, but it can be &quot;scooped and smashed&quot; like a drop cookie or rolled into a log to make a refrigerator cookie.  Whether it's a soft cookie or a crisp one depends on the thickness of the cookie.

== Ingredients ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ingredient
!Count
!Volume
!Weight
|-
|Butter
|
|3/4 cup
|170 g
6&amp;nbsp;ounces
|-
|White sugar
|
|1 cup
|200 g
|-
|Eggs
|2
|
|100 g
|-
|Vanilla extract (see notes)
|
|1/2 [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|teaspoon]]
|3 g
|-
|[[Cookbook:Baking Powder|Baking powder]]
|
|1 teaspoon
|4 g
|-
|[[Cookbook:Salt|Salt]]
|
|1 t&lt;nowiki/&gt;easpoon
|5 g
|-
|[[Cookbook:Flour|Flour]]
|
|2.5 [[Cookbook:Cup|cups]]
|300 g
|-
|[[Cookbook:Sprinkles|Sprinkles]], colored sugar, and other decorations (optional)
|
|
|
|}

== Equipment ==

* [[Cookbook:Mixing Bowl|Mixing bowl]]
* [[Cookbook:Mixer|Mixing spoon]]
* [[Cookbook:Rolling Pin|Rolling pin]]
* [[Cookbook:Plastic Wrap|Plastic cling wrap]], [[Cookbook:Parchment Paper|parchment paper]], or [[Cookbook:Wax Paper|wax paper]] (optional but recommended)
* [[Cookbook:Cookie sheet|Cookie sheet]], ungreased or lined with parchment baking paper
* [[Cookbook:Cookie Cutter|Cookie cutters]]
* [[Cookbook:Cooling Rack|Cooling rack]]

== Procedure ==
''This procedure describes how to make cut-out cookies.  See below for other options.''
# Cream the butter and sugar together.
# Beat in the eggs and vanilla or other flavoring.
# Stir in the baking powder, salt, and flour until the dough is uniform in appearance.  Do not overmix.
# [[File:Cheese_Sticks_(5729526519).jpg|thumb|Rolling the dough between plastic wrap to prevent sticking]]If you are making cut-out cookies, roll the dough out between two sheets of plastic wrap or baking paper to a uniform depth between 1/8 and 1/4 inch (3 mm to 6 mm) thick.
# Stack the rolled-out dough on to a baking sheet (with one or two layers of plastic wrap or baking paper in between each, so they don't stick to each other) and put in the freezer until frozen through, at least 20 minutes.  
# Remove one sheet of frozen dough at a time.  Cut shapes with cookie cutters, or use a pizza cutter to quickly slice it into strips or diamonds. 
# Add sprinkles or colored sugar, if wanted.
# Bake on an ungreased cookie sheet at 400 °F for 6 to 8 minutes.  Cool on a wire cooling rack.
# Decorate with icing, if wanted. 

== Notes, tips, and variations ==

* Vanilla is a popular flavoring.  Alternatively, you can replace some or all of the vanilla extract with lemon extract (not lemon juice) or almond extract.  
* Scrap dough can be re-rolled.  If you 
* If you don't have plastic cling wrap or baking paper to roll the dough on, then chill the dough first.  Spread a large spoonful of [[Cookbook:Powdered sugar|powdered sugar]] across a clean work surface and lightly dust your rolling pin with it. Roll the dough out, adding more powdered sugar as needed to keep the dough from sticking to the surface or to the rolling pin.  (The addition of the powdered sugar keeps the surface of the cookies from having a bland, floury taste.)  If you are cutting 
* There are three basic ways to make sugar cookies:
*# [[Cookbook:Cut-out cookies|Cut-out cookies]], as described above.
*# [[Cookbook:Drop cookies|Drop cookies]], which require scooping the dough (like [[Cookbook:Chocolate Chip Cookies|chocolate chip cookies]] or [[Cookbook:Oatmeal Cookies I|oatmeal cookies]]) onto a baking sheet, and then flattening it a bit with your fingers or the back of a spoon.  Top with colored sugar, or roll in sprinkles before flattening and baking. 
*# [[Cookbook:Refrigerator cookies|Refrigerator cookies]], which require rolling the dough into a log about 2 inches (5 cm) thick, and then freezing it until solid.  With a thin, sharp knife, slice disks about 1/8 and 1/4 inch (3 mm to 6 mm) thick off the log.  These must be uniform in thickness, and all the cookies on the same baking sheet equally thick, or some will burn before the rest are cooked through.  Bake as if they were cut-out cookies that just happen to be round. 
* If you want to make these sugar cookies in advance, you have two options:  
** Prepare the dough, wrap tightly, and freeze for up to three months.  For cut-out cookies, the dough would ideally be frozen already rolled out, as in Step 5.  Then remove, cut, and bake as directed.
** Bake the cookies without any decorations, and then freeze them.  When you want to eat them, you can remove them, let them thaw at room temperature, and (if wanted) add icing decorations.</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>4641764</id>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-29T23:01:39Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>/* Notes, tips, and variations */</comment>
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      <text bytes="5234" sha1="pznx390sgdf9wn9kpqxi1z929zv6huo" xml:space="preserve">This recipe for '''sugar cookies''' was typical of home economic classes in the US during the 1950s and 1960s. This is intended to be used as roll-out cookies, but it can be &quot;scooped and smashed&quot; like a drop cookie or rolled into a log to make a refrigerator cookie.  Whether it's a soft cookie or a crisp one depends on the thickness of the cookie.

== Ingredients ==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!Ingredient
!Count
!Volume
!Weight
|-
|Butter
|
|3/4 cup
|170 g
6&amp;nbsp;ounces
|-
|White sugar
|
|1 cup
|200 g
|-
|Eggs
|2
|
|100 g
|-
|[[Cookbook:Vanilla|Vanilla extract]] (see notes)
|
|1/2 [[Cookbook:Teaspoon|teaspoon]]
|3 g
|-
|[[Cookbook:Baking Powder|Baking powder]]
|
|1 teaspoon
|4 g
|-
|[[Cookbook:Salt|Salt]]
|
|1 t&lt;nowiki/&gt;easpoon
|5 g
|-
|[[Cookbook:Flour|Flour]]
|
|2.5 [[Cookbook:Cup|cups]]
|300 g
|-
|[[Cookbook:Sprinkles|Sprinkles]], colored sugar, and other decorations (optional)
|
|
|
|}

== Equipment ==

* [[Cookbook:Mixing Bowl|Mixing bowl]]
* [[Cookbook:Mixer|Mixing spoon]]
* [[Cookbook:Rolling Pin|Rolling pin]]
* [[Cookbook:Plastic Wrap|Plastic cling wrap]], [[Cookbook:Parchment Paper|parchment paper]], or [[Cookbook:Wax Paper|wax paper]] (optional but recommended)
* [[Cookbook:Cookie sheet|Cookie sheet]], ungreased or lined with parchment baking paper
* [[Cookbook:Cookie Cutter|Cookie cutters]]
* [[Cookbook:Cooling Rack|Cooling rack]]

== Procedure ==
''This procedure describes how to make cut-out cookies.  See below for other options.''
# Cream the butter and sugar together.
# Beat in the eggs and vanilla or other flavoring.
# Stir in the baking powder, salt, and flour until the dough is uniform in appearance.  Do not overmix.
# [[File:Cheese_Sticks_(5729526519).jpg|thumb|Rolling the dough between plastic wrap to prevent sticking]]If you are making cut-out cookies, roll the dough out between two sheets of plastic wrap or baking paper to a uniform depth between 1/8 and 1/4 inch (3 mm to 6 mm) thick.
# Stack the rolled-out dough on to a baking sheet (with one or two layers of plastic wrap or baking paper in between each, so they don't stick to each other) and put in the freezer until frozen through, at least 20 minutes.  
# Remove one sheet of frozen dough at a time.  Cut shapes with cookie cutters, or use a pizza cutter to quickly slice it into strips or diamonds.  Place them on an ungreased or parchment-lined cookie sheet.
# Add sprinkles or colored sugar, if wanted.
# Bake at 400 °F for 6 to 8 minutes.  Smaller and thinner cookies need less time; larger and thicker ones take longer.  If you are cutting out intricate designs, baking on parchment paper is strongly recommended.
# Cool on a wire cooling rack.
# Decorate with icing, if wanted. 

== Notes, tips, and variations ==

* Vanilla is a popular flavoring.  Alternatively, you can replace some or all of the vanilla extract with lemon extract (not lemon juice) or almond extract.  If you have vanilla powder instead of (liquid) extract, then this is the equivalent of half of a small packet.
* Scrap dough can be re-rolled.  If you use plastic cling wrap, baking paper, or other flourless ways to roll out the dough, then the subsequent rounds will not get as tough.
* If you don't have plastic cling wrap or baking paper to roll the dough on, then chill the dough first.  Spread a large spoonful of [[Cookbook:Powdered sugar|powdered sugar]] across a clean work surface and lightly dust your rolling pin with it. Roll the dough out, adding more powdered sugar as needed to keep the dough from sticking to the surface or to the rolling pin.  (The use of powdered sugar instead of flour keeps the surface of the cookies from having a bland, floury taste, and means that any re-rolled scraps won't get as tough.)  
* There are three basic ways to make sugar cookies:
*# [[Cookbook:Cut-out cookies|Cut-out cookies]], as described above.
*# [[Cookbook:Drop cookies|Drop cookies]], which require scooping the dough (like [[Cookbook:Chocolate Chip Cookies|chocolate chip cookies]] or [[Cookbook:Oatmeal Cookies I|oatmeal cookies]]) onto a baking sheet, and then flattening it a bit with your fingers or the back of a spoon.  Top with colored sugar, or roll the whole scoop in sprinkles before flattening and baking.  As they are a little thicker, they may take an extra minute to bake.
*# [[Cookbook:Refrigerator cookies|Refrigerator cookies]], which require rolling the dough into a log about 2 inches (5 cm) thick, and then freezing it until solid.  With a thin, sharp knife, slice disks about 1/8 and 1/4 inch (3 mm to 6 mm) thick off the log.  These must be uniform in thickness, and all the cookies on the same baking sheet equally thick, or some will burn before the rest are cooked through.  Bake as if they were cut-out cookies that just happen to be round. 
* If you want to make these sugar cookies in advance, you have two options:  
** Prepare the dough, wrap tightly, and freeze for up to three months.  For cut-out cookies, the dough would ideally be frozen already rolled out, as in Step 5.  Then remove, cut, and bake as directed.
** Bake the cookies without any decorations, and then freeze them.  When you want to eat them, you can remove them, let them thaw at room temperature, and (if wanted) add icing decorations.</text>
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    <title>Taiwan history/The Dutch and Spanish rule</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-30T03:20:37Z</timestamp>
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        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;With the Age of Discovery, European countries flocked to East Asia to trade and establish colonies. In the 17th century, various colonial powers vied for colonies in the Far East, and Taiwan became a target of their competition. During this period, the Netherlands and Spain respectively colonized Taiwan, marking the beginning of Taiwan's recorded history. ==Discovery== ==Dutch and Spanish rule== {{stub}}&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="407" sha1="lm28z1vo5gusfplxrx1q7haqtryqb7d" xml:space="preserve">With the Age of Discovery, European countries flocked to East Asia to trade and establish colonies. In the 17th century, various colonial powers vied for colonies in the Far East, and Taiwan became a target of their competition. During this period, the Netherlands and Spain respectively colonized Taiwan, marking the beginning of Taiwan's recorded history.
==Discovery==
==Dutch and Spanish rule==
{{stub}}</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-30T03:54:45Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>/* Discovery */</comment>
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      <text bytes="852" sha1="la5tb8xj0enedaqfkzesw2ttgf6brfn" xml:space="preserve">With the Age of Discovery, European countries flocked to East Asia to trade and establish colonies. In the 17th century, various colonial powers vied for colonies in the Far East, and Taiwan became a target of their competition. During this period, the Netherlands and Spain respectively colonized Taiwan, marking the beginning of Taiwan's recorded history.
==Discovery==
The first European country to discover Taiwan is Portugal. In 1543, when a Portuguese ships passed through the Taiwan Strait, the crew accidentally spotted the island and exclaimed &quot;Ilha Formosa!&quot; (Portuguese for &quot;Beautiful Island&quot;), thus giving Taiwan its name &quot;'''Formosa'''&quot;. Although the Portuguese were the first to arrive in Taiwan, they only engaged in small-scale trade with the indigenous people and had no intention of colonizing it.

==Dutch and Spanish rule==
{{stub}}</text>
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      <text bytes="924" sha1="evdwp6ji30muavqnkwlfdwi5gjp9p86" xml:space="preserve">With the Age of Discovery, European countries flocked to East Asia to trade and establish colonies. In the 17th century, various colonial powers vied for colonies in the Far East, and Taiwan became a target of their competition. During this period, the Netherlands and Spain respectively colonized Taiwan, marking the beginning of Taiwan's recorded history.
==Discovery==
The first European country to discover Taiwan is Portugal. In 1543, when a Portuguese ships passed through the Taiwan Strait, the crew accidentally spotted the island and exclaimed &quot;Ilha Formosa!&quot; (Portuguese for &quot;Beautiful Island&quot;), thus giving Taiwan its name &quot;'''Formosa'''&quot;. Although the Portuguese were the first to arrive in Taiwan, they only engaged in small-scale trade with the indigenous people and had no intention of colonizing it.
[[File:Dutch and Spanish Taiwan en.svg|thumb|Dutch and Spanish Formosa]]
==Dutch and Spanish rule==
{{stub}}</text>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-30T04:34:05Z</timestamp>
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        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
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      <text bytes="1389" sha1="g1u687dx0l92eqv3whex47swpmbadcl" xml:space="preserve">With the Age of Discovery, European countries flocked to East Asia to trade and establish colonies. In the 17th century, various colonial powers vied for colonies in the Far East, and Taiwan became a target of their competition. During this period, the Netherlands and Spain respectively colonized Taiwan, marking the beginning of Taiwan's recorded history.
==Discovery==
The first European country to discover Taiwan is Portugal. In 1543, when a Portuguese ships passed through the Taiwan Strait, the crew accidentally spotted the island and exclaimed &quot;Ilha Formosa!&quot; (Portuguese for &quot;Beautiful Island&quot;), thus giving Taiwan its name &quot;'''Formosa'''&quot;. Although the Portuguese were the first to arrive in Taiwan, they only engaged in small-scale trade with the indigenous people and had no intention of colonizing it.
[[File:Dutch and Spanish Taiwan en.svg|thumb|Dutch and Spanish Formosa]]
[[File:1640 Map of Formosa-Taiwan by Dutch 荷蘭人所繪福爾摩沙-臺灣.jpg|thumb|Taiwan map painted by Dutch]]
==Dutch and Spanish rule==
The Dutch were the first country to colonize Taiwan. The Dutch ruled parts of southern Taiwan. They built a fort, called &quot;Fort Zeelandia&quot; in Taioan (now Tainan) in the year 1624. The Spanish also colonized northern Taiwan in 1626 , including parts of Taipei and Yilan. However, they were conquered by the Dutch in 1642, so they no longer ruled the island.</text>
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      <comment>/* Dutch and Spanish rule */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1483" sha1="ndkmofc8ory9830jf1j2gp7y44fqwa9" xml:space="preserve">With the Age of Discovery, European countries flocked to East Asia to trade and establish colonies. In the 17th century, various colonial powers vied for colonies in the Far East, and Taiwan became a target of their competition. During this period, the Netherlands and Spain respectively colonized Taiwan, marking the beginning of Taiwan's recorded history.
==Discovery==
The first European country to discover Taiwan is Portugal. In 1543, when a Portuguese ships passed through the Taiwan Strait, the crew accidentally spotted the island and exclaimed &quot;Ilha Formosa!&quot; (Portuguese for &quot;Beautiful Island&quot;), thus giving Taiwan its name &quot;'''Formosa'''&quot;. Although the Portuguese were the first to arrive in Taiwan, they only engaged in small-scale trade with the indigenous people and had no intention of colonizing it.
[[File:Dutch and Spanish Taiwan en.svg|thumb|Dutch and Spanish Formosa]]
[[File:1640 Map of Formosa-Taiwan by Dutch 荷蘭人所繪福爾摩沙-臺灣.jpg|thumb|Taiwan map painted by Dutch]]
==Dutch and Spanish rule==
The Dutch were the first country to colonize Taiwan. The Dutch ruled parts of southern Taiwan. They built a fort, called &quot;Fort Zeelandia&quot; in Taioan (now Tainan) in the year 1624. The Spanish also colonized northern Taiwan in 1626 , including parts of Taipei and Yilan. However, they were conquered by the Dutch in 1642, so they no longer ruled the island.
{{ExampleH}}
==Regimes==
*Dutch Formosa (1624-1662)
*Spanish Formosa (1626-1642)
{{ExampleF}}</text>
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      <comment>/* Regimes */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1470" sha1="ch79ihlji69dbfvnvfyzu0onssv15tr" xml:space="preserve">With the Age of Discovery, European countries flocked to East Asia to trade and establish colonies. In the 17th century, various colonial powers vied for colonies in the Far East, and Taiwan became a target of their competition. During this period, the Netherlands and Spain respectively colonized Taiwan, marking the beginning of Taiwan's recorded history.
==Discovery==
The first European country to discover Taiwan is Portugal. In 1543, when a Portuguese ships passed through the Taiwan Strait, the crew accidentally spotted the island and exclaimed &quot;Ilha Formosa!&quot; (Portuguese for &quot;Beautiful Island&quot;), thus giving Taiwan its name &quot;'''Formosa'''&quot;. Although the Portuguese were the first to arrive in Taiwan, they only engaged in small-scale trade with the indigenous people and had no intention of colonizing it.
[[File:Dutch and Spanish Taiwan en.svg|thumb|Dutch and Spanish Formosa]]
[[File:1640 Map of Formosa-Taiwan by Dutch 荷蘭人所繪福爾摩沙-臺灣.jpg|thumb|Taiwan map painted by Dutch]]
==Dutch and Spanish rule==
The Dutch were the first country to colonize Taiwan. The Dutch ruled parts of southern Taiwan. They built a fort, called &quot;Fort Zeelandia&quot; in Taioan (now Tainan) in the year 1624. The Spanish also colonized northern Taiwan in 1626 , including parts of Taipei and Yilan. However, they were conquered by the Dutch in 1642, so they no longer ruled the island.
{{ExampleH}}
==Regimes==
*Dutch Formosa (1624-1662)
*Spanish Formosa (1626-1642)</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>4641800</id>
      <parentid>4641793</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T08:04:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
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        <id>3609960</id>
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      <comment>/* Dutch and Spanish rule */</comment>
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      <text bytes="1458" sha1="li03ggp7ygq6h987m43er3ennpnlj9d" xml:space="preserve">With the Age of Discovery, European countries flocked to East Asia to trade and establish colonies. In the 17th century, various colonial powers vied for colonies in the Far East, and Taiwan became a target of their competition. During this period, the Netherlands and Spain respectively colonized Taiwan, marking the beginning of Taiwan's recorded history.
==Discovery==
The first European country to discover Taiwan is Portugal. In 1543, when a Portuguese ships passed through the Taiwan Strait, the crew accidentally spotted the island and exclaimed &quot;Ilha Formosa!&quot; (Portuguese for &quot;Beautiful Island&quot;), thus giving Taiwan its name &quot;'''Formosa'''&quot;. Although the Portuguese were the first to arrive in Taiwan, they only engaged in small-scale trade with the indigenous people and had no intention of colonizing it.
[[File:Dutch and Spanish Taiwan en.svg|thumb|Dutch and Spanish Formosa]]
[[File:1640 Map of Formosa-Taiwan by Dutch 荷蘭人所繪福爾摩沙-臺灣.jpg|thumb|Taiwan map painted by Dutch]]
==Dutch and Spanish rule==
The Dutch were the first country to colonize Taiwan. The Dutch ruled parts of southern Taiwan. They built a fort, called &quot;Fort Zeelandia&quot; in Taioan (now Tainan) in the year 1624. The Spanish also colonized northern Taiwan in 1626 , including parts of Taipei and Yilan. However, they were conquered by the Dutch in 1642, so they no longer ruled the island.

==Regimes==
*Dutch Formosa (1624-1662)
*Spanish Formosa (1626-1642)</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 11/Stroke Order</title>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-30T03:33:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;==台== [[file:台-bw.png]] ==''臺''== [[file:臺-bw.png]] ==海== [[file:海-bw.png]] ==岛== [[file:岛-bw.png]] ==島== [[file:島-bw.png]] ==南== [[file:南-bw.png]] ==产== [[file:产-bw.png]] ==''產''== [[file:產-bw.png]] ==鲜== [[file:鲜-bw.png]] ==''鮮''== [[file:鮮-bw.png]] ==丽== [[file:丽-bw.png]] ==''麗''== [[file:麗-bw.png]] ==''風''== [[file:風-bw.png]] ==风== [[file:风-bw.png]] ==景== [[file:景-bw.png]]&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="439" sha1="a2zsx7az5ym1mx7oyi3k5givjzde1eh" xml:space="preserve">==台==
[[file:台-bw.png]]
==''臺''==
[[file:臺-bw.png]]
==海==
[[file:海-bw.png]]
==岛==
[[file:岛-bw.png]]
==島==
[[file:島-bw.png]]
==南==
[[file:南-bw.png]]
==产==
[[file:产-bw.png]]
==''產''==
[[file:產-bw.png]]
==鲜==
[[file:鲜-bw.png]]
==''鮮''==
[[file:鮮-bw.png]]
==丽==
[[file:丽-bw.png]]
==''麗''==
[[file:麗-bw.png]]
==''風''==
[[file:風-bw.png]]
==风==
[[file:风-bw.png]]
==景==
[[file:景-bw.png]]</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Atomic Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...f6/2. Nc3/2...Nh6/3. g4/3...c6/4. d4</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484123</id>
    <revision>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-30T07:56:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AtomicChess</username>
        <id>3609849</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Chess diagram | tright | 1. Nf3 f6 2. Nc3 Nh6 3. g4 c6 4. d4 |=  |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|  |rd |pd|pd|  |pd|pd|  |pd|pd |  |  |pd|  |  |pd|  |nd |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |pl|  |  |pl|   |  |  |nl|  |  |nl|  |   |pl|pl|pl|  |pl|pl|  |pl |rl|  |bl|ql|kl|bl|  |rl | main move }} == 4. d4 == this is main move. this move open bishop and take more space. === Black responses === * '''4...e6''' - main move * '''4...e5''' * '''4...d6''' * '''4...d5??''' - lose immediately af...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="687" sha1="dwarrja9m5ogdoh5ewuoulmxsnnl1ya" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess diagram
| tright
| 1. Nf3 f6 2. Nc3 Nh6 3. g4 c6 4. d4
|=

|rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|  |rd
|pd|pd|  |pd|pd|  |pd|pd
|  |  |pd|  |  |pd|  |nd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |pl|  |  |pl|  
|  |  |nl|  |  |nl|  |  
|pl|pl|pl|  |pl|pl|  |pl
|rl|  |bl|ql|kl|bl|  |rl
| main move
}}
== 4. d4 ==
this is main move. this move open bishop and take more space.
=== Black responses ===
* '''4...e6''' - main move
* '''4...e5'''
* '''4...d6'''
* '''4...d5??''' - lose immediately after '''5. Ne5! fe 6. Nb5! cb 7. d4!
* '''4...g6'''
* '''4...b5??''' - lose immediately after '''5. Ng5! Nxg4 6. Bh6! gxh6 7. Bh3! e6 8. Rg1!'''
* '''4...Nxg4??''' - lose immediately after '''5. Bh6! gh 6. Rg1!'''</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Atomic Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...f6/2. Nc3/2...Nh6/3. g4/3...c6/4. d4/4...e6</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484124</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641803</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T08:25:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AtomicChess</username>
        <id>3609849</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Chess diagram | tright | 1. Nf3 f6 2. Nc3 Nh6 3. g4 c6 4. d4 e6 |=  |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|  |rd |pd|pd|  |pd|  |  |pd|pd |  |  |pd|  |pd|pd|  |nd |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |pl|  |  |pl|   |  |  |nl|  |  |nl|  |   |pl|pl|pl|  |pl|pl|  |pl |rl|  |bl|ql|kl|bl|  |rl | main move }} == 4...e6 == this is main move. this move open bishop and potentially open the queen (f5 ideas). === White responses === * '''5. e4''' - main move * '''5. Ng5''' * '''5. h4''' * '''5. Rg1'''...&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="620" sha1="qkulux18viyjcr5v06fjn5g3asaljw7" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess diagram
| tright
| 1. Nf3 f6 2. Nc3 Nh6 3. g4 c6 4. d4 e6
|=

|rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|  |rd
|pd|pd|  |pd|  |  |pd|pd
|  |  |pd|  |pd|pd|  |nd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |pl|  |  |pl|  
|  |  |nl|  |  |nl|  |  
|pl|pl|pl|  |pl|pl|  |pl
|rl|  |bl|ql|kl|bl|  |rl
| main move
}}
== 4...e6 ==
this is main move. this move open bishop and potentially open the queen (f5 ideas).
=== White responses ===
* '''5. e4''' - main move
* '''5. Ng5'''
* '''5. h4'''
* '''5. Rg1'''
* '''5. d5'''
* '''5. Nh4'''
* '''5. e3'''
* '''5. Bg2'''
* '''5. h3'''
* '''5. Nb5'''
* '''5. b4'''
* '''5. Ne5'''
* '''5. a3'''
* '''5. Qd3'''</text>
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  <page>
    <title>User:RandyTuan</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-30T09:40:29Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>My bio</comment>
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      <text bytes="56" sha1="7elp1t8hb3ilz6taih5zpe3gk8t72w5" xml:space="preserve">Natural main professor capital tell these pressure offer</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Taiwan history/Kingdom of Tungning</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
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      <timestamp>2026-06-30T10:21:05Z</timestamp>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;While the Dutch successfully colonized Taiwan, across the Taiwan strait, China (Ming dynasty) is loosing battles to the Manchu in the north. The last Ming government was moved to the south. One Ming general, Koxinga (also known as &quot;Zeng Chenggong&quot;) , effectively resisted the Qing conquest of China in the 17th century. In 1661, Koxinga invaded Taiwan, ended the Era of Dutch rule. ==Culture== {{stub}}&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="402" sha1="oeiibll2m44p30wsh0zrp7wgkzo9duq" xml:space="preserve">While the Dutch successfully colonized Taiwan, across the Taiwan strait, China (Ming dynasty) is loosing battles to the Manchu in the north. The last Ming government was moved to the south. One Ming general, Koxinga (also known as &quot;Zeng Chenggong&quot;) , effectively resisted the Qing conquest of China in the 17th century. In 1661, Koxinga invaded Taiwan, ended the Era of Dutch rule.
==Culture==
{{stub}}</text>
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  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 7/Stroke Order</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484127</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641811</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T11:52:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
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      <comment>Created page with &quot;== Stroke orders  == *王:[[Image:王-bw.png|250px]] *明:[[Image:明-bw.png|450px]] *李:[[Image:李-bw.png|400px]]  ''More [[:commons:Category:Chinese_stroke_order_in_BW_pictures|stroke orders]] will be added if it's helpful.''&quot;</comment>
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      <text bytes="229" sha1="oauu649i4ghpq666j62a285jg6g4588" xml:space="preserve">== Stroke orders  ==
*王:[[Image:王-bw.png|250px]]
*明:[[Image:明-bw.png|450px]]
*李:[[Image:李-bw.png|400px]]

''More [[:commons:Category:Chinese_stroke_order_in_BW_pictures|stroke orders]] will be added if it's helpful.''</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>4641813</id>
      <parentid>4641811</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T11:57:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
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      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="468" sha1="ql7o7vp4rp0axqcfl54x4sorz3ocrxe" xml:space="preserve">== Stroke orders  ==
*王:[[Image:王-bw.png|250px]]
*明:[[Image:明-bw.png|450px]]
*李:[[Image:李-bw.png|400px]]
*字:[[Image:字-bw.png|400px]]
*典:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
*但:[[Image:字-bw.png|400px]]
*是:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
*昨:[[Image:字-bw.png|400px]]
*天:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
*女:[[Image:字-bw.png|400px]]
*朋:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
*友:[[Image:字-bw.png|400px]]
*名:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
*字:[[Image:字-bw.png|400px]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>4641814</id>
      <parentid>4641813</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T11:58:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641814</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
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      <text bytes="438" sha1="btr9dtycyoxte9mqw879luqtki77ta5" xml:space="preserve">ń== Stroke orders  ==
*王:[[Image:王-bw.png|250px]]
*明:[[Image:明-bw.png|450px]]
*李:[[Image:李-bw.png|400px]]
*字:[[Image:字-bw.png|400px]]
*典:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
*但:[[Image:但-bw.png|400px]]
*是:[[Image:是-bw.png|400px]]
*昨:[[Image:昨-bw.png|400px]]
*天:[[Image:天-bw.png|400px]]
*女:[[Image:女-bw.png|400px]]
*朋:[[Image:朋-bw.png|400px]]
*友:[[Image:友-bw.png|400px]]
*名:[[Image:名-bw.png|400px]]</text>
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    <revision>
      <id>4641815</id>
      <parentid>4641814</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T11:58:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added more words</comment>
      <origin>4641815</origin>
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      <text bytes="436" sha1="sqw4g4lu282n8xfv6s66isclisz1q7u" xml:space="preserve">== Stroke orders  ==
*王:[[Image:王-bw.png|250px]]
*明:[[Image:明-bw.png|450px]]
*李:[[Image:李-bw.png|400px]]
*字:[[Image:字-bw.png|400px]]
*典:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
*但:[[Image:但-bw.png|400px]]
*是:[[Image:是-bw.png|400px]]
*昨:[[Image:昨-bw.png|400px]]
*天:[[Image:天-bw.png|400px]]
*女:[[Image:女-bw.png|400px]]
*朋:[[Image:朋-bw.png|400px]]
*友:[[Image:友-bw.png|400px]]
*名:[[Image:名-bw.png|400px]]</text>
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