Using Firefox/Installation

<mediawiki xmlns="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.11.xsd" version="0.11" xml:lang="en">
  <siteinfo>
    <sitename>Wikibooks</sitename>
    <dbname>enwikibooks</dbname>
    <base>https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page</base>
    <generator>MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.9</generator>
    <case>first-letter</case>
    <namespaces>
      <namespace key="-2" case="first-letter">Media</namespace>
      <namespace key="-1" case="first-letter">Special</namespace>
      <namespace key="0" case="first-letter" />
      <namespace key="1" case="first-letter">Talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="2" case="first-letter">User</namespace>
      <namespace key="3" case="first-letter">User talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="4" case="first-letter">Wikibooks</namespace>
      <namespace key="5" case="first-letter">Wikibooks talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="6" case="first-letter">File</namespace>
      <namespace key="7" case="first-letter">File talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="8" case="first-letter">MediaWiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="9" case="first-letter">MediaWiki talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="10" case="first-letter">Template</namespace>
      <namespace key="11" case="first-letter">Template talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="12" case="first-letter">Help</namespace>
      <namespace key="13" case="first-letter">Help talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="14" case="first-letter">Category</namespace>
      <namespace key="15" case="first-letter">Category talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="102" case="first-letter">Cookbook</namespace>
      <namespace key="103" case="first-letter">Cookbook talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="108" case="first-letter">Transwiki</namespace>
      <namespace key="109" case="first-letter">Transwiki talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="110" case="first-letter">Wikijunior</namespace>
      <namespace key="111" case="first-letter">Wikijunior talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="112" case="first-letter">Subject</namespace>
      <namespace key="113" case="first-letter">Subject talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="710" case="first-letter">TimedText</namespace>
      <namespace key="711" case="first-letter">TimedText talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="828" case="first-letter">Module</namespace>
      <namespace key="829" case="first-letter">Module talk</namespace>
      <namespace key="1728" case="first-letter">Event</namespace>
      <namespace key="1729" case="first-letter">Event talk</namespace>
    </namespaces>
  </siteinfo>
  <page>
    <title>Using Firefox/Installation</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>19205</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641947</id>
      <parentid>4476987</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T00:13:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Rebeltronic</username>
        <id>3504253</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mobile Phones */ updated android screenshot and added ios screenshot</comment>
      <origin>4641947</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7067" sha1="pyr0sln79w7vj3ur6tlji9lnp8bvezo" xml:space="preserve">&lt;div class=&quot;noprint&quot;&gt;{{Using FirefoxTOC}}&lt;/div&gt;
__NOTOC__
==Getting Firefox==
Firefox can be downloaded from [http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/ this page]. Pressing the large green button will download Firefox. To get a version of Firefox in another language or operating system, see [http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/all this page].

==Installing==
===Microsoft Windows===
[[File:Firefox Installer (Windows).png|right|thumb|250px|Firefox's installer on Windows 10.]]
The current Windows version of Firefox supports Windows 7 and later, and is distributed as an installer called &lt;code&gt;Firefox Setup (version).exe&lt;/code&gt;, where (version) corresponds to the version of Firefox you're installing. You won't need to do this process after Firefox is installed; Firefox checks for updates in the background and installs the update on the next launch.

To install Firefox, double click on the installer and follow the installation instructions. Choosing the standard installation is recommended for most new users. This will install Firefox under Program Files, and create a desktop and start menu shortcut. These can be changed by clicking &quot;Custom installation&quot; instead.

You can run Firefox from the Program Files entry or by double-clicking the Firefox icon on your desktop. The first run of Firefox will give you the option of importing your settings from Microsoft Edge (or any other browser installed on your computer). Choosing 'Yes' will import all your bookmarks (also known as favorites), saved passwords, history and browsing options. After it finishes importing all these settings, the Firefox browser will start up and a dialog box will pop up alerting you that Firefox is not set as the default browser. Selecting 'Yes' will associate Firefox with web related files on your PC and Firefox will also open when links are selected from (most) external applications, such as from an instant messenger.

Firefox should automatically appear on Windows's Start Menu. However, if it doesn't, it can be manually set.

[[File:MacOSX_Firefox_Install_Window.png|right|thumb|250px|Firefox MacOSX Disc Image]]

===Mac OS X===
Double click on the compressed Disk Image to mount it. Drag the Firefox application icon to the &quot;Applications&quot; folder on your hard drive. Do not double-click the Firefox icon inside the Disk Image; doing so can cause a program hang. To make Firefox always appear in the dock, drag the icon from the &quot;Applications&quot; folder to the dock.

===Linux distributions===
Many distributions include Firefox by default. Check your distribution's documentation for details. There should be a Firefox icon in your desktop environment's program menu.

If your distribution does not come with Firefox pre-installed, it may be in the repository. Go to your package manager and search for &lt;tt&gt;firefox&lt;/tt&gt;. Look for a &lt;code&gt;firefox&lt;/code&gt; or sometimes &lt;code&gt;firefox-esr&lt;/code&gt; package and install it. The package manager may tell you that the package will require dependencies to install. Once installed, Firefox may appear in the menu. If you are using your OS repository, you may not have access to the latest version, but should be safe and the system will manage the updates for you.

If your distribution does not include or carry Firefox, you can download it from the official Firefox website. Once the download is complete, decompress the file, which can be done usually by opening the file in a file archiver (such as ark or file roller) and extract it to another folder. Alternatively, typing &lt;tt&gt;tar -xvzf firefox-&lt;version&gt;.tar.gz&lt;/tt&gt; or &lt;tt&gt;tar -xvzf firefox*&lt;/tt&gt; at a command line will generate directory named &quot;firefox.&quot; This directory can be moved anywhere. Typing &lt;tt&gt;./firefox&lt;/tt&gt; in the shell from the install directory should launch Firefox. You may need to use &lt;tt&gt;chmod +x firefox &lt;/tt&gt; to give it execution permissions.

Usually, for manual installation you would put the files in the next locations:
&lt;br&gt; Executables: /usr/lib/firefox
&lt;br&gt; If not available: /lib/firefox
&lt;br&gt; Desktop file: /usr/share/applications/firefox.destop
&lt;br&gt; This can also be done with thunderbird, Mozilla's email client.

Your desktop file should look like this (based on Fedora's version):
{| class=&quot;wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed&quot;
|+
|
&lt;code&gt;[Desktop Entry]
&lt;br&gt; Version=1.0
&lt;br&gt; Name=Firefox
&lt;br&gt; GenericName=Web Browser
&lt;br&gt; Comment=Browse the Web
&lt;br&gt; Exec=/usr/lib/firefox/firefox %u
&lt;br&gt; Icon=firefox
&lt;br&gt; Terminal=false
&lt;br&gt; Type=Application
&lt;br&gt; MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml+xml;application/vnd.mozilla.xul+xml;text/mml;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https;
&lt;br&gt; StartupNotify=true
&lt;br&gt; Categories=Network;WebBrowser;
&lt;br&gt; Keywords=web;browser;internet;
&lt;br&gt; Actions=new-window;new-private-window;profile-manager-window;
&lt;br&gt; X-Desktop-File-Install-Version=0.24
&lt;br&gt; [Desktop Action new-window]
&lt;br&gt; Name=Open a New Window
&lt;br&gt; Exec=/usr/lib/firefox/firefox --new-window %u
&lt;br&gt; [Desktop Action new-private-window]
&lt;br&gt; Name=Open a New Private Window
&lt;br&gt; Exec=/usr/lib/firefox/firefox --private-window %u
&lt;br&gt; [Desktop Action profile-manager-window]
&lt;br&gt; Name=Open the Profile Manager
&lt;br&gt; Exec=/usr/lib/firefox/firefox --ProfileManager &lt;/code&gt;
|}
====Flatpak====
There also is available a Flatpak version of Firefox. You can install it by running on your terminal &lt;tt&gt; sudo flatpak install flathub org.mozilla.firefox &lt;/tt&gt;. You will need the flathub repository for this. You can add it via &lt;tt&gt; sudo flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo &lt;/tt&gt;. If you have not Flatpak you can get setup here: &lt;tt&gt; https://www.flatpak.org/setup/ &lt;/tt&gt;. 
&lt;br&gt; There also is an snap version. You can install it via: &lt;tt&gt;sudo snap install firefox&lt;/tt&gt;.

Those options will always keep you up to date.

===Mobile Phones===

====Android====
[[File:Firefox for Android 145.0 screenshot.webp|thumb|upright|Firefox 145 for Android.]]
Firefox for Android can be installed from the Google Play store. It can also be installed on open source android repos like F-Droid.

Unlike many mobile browsers, Firefox for Android supports installing add-ons, allowing you to customize your mobile browsing experience.

====iOS====
[[File:Firefox for iOS 144 screenshot.png|thumb|upright|Firefox 144 for iOS.]]
iOS can be installed from the official app store. While Firefox on iOS is somewhat different from other versions, it still supports many features and syncing with Firefox for other platforms.

=== Other Operating Systems ===
Since the Mozilla Foundation makes the Firefox source code available, users can also compile and run Firefox on a variety of other architectures and operating systems. Building source code can be hard if you are a beginner in informatics, it will require building dependence packages and a compiler. Operating systems not supported by Firefox, but known to run the browser include:
* Solaris (x86 and SPARC)
* OS/2
* AIX
* FreeBSD
* PC-BSD
* NetBSD
* BeOS
* SkyOS
* RISC OS (ARM)
* OpenBSD

{{BookCat}}

[[fr:Firefox/Installation]]
[[it:Mozilla Firefox/Installazione]]</text>
      <sha1>pyr0sln79w7vj3ur6tlji9lnp8bvezo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aros/Platforms/x86 support</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>22115</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641992</id>
      <parentid>4641753</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T11:32:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641992</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="228499" sha1="35fab29b0huzktib28chimns7porno0" xml:space="preserve">Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], 

{{ArosNav}}


[[#Audio Chipsets]]

[[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]]

[[#Rough gfx comparison]]

[[#]]


==x86 Native Environment==


AROS should run on almost any i386 PC hardware so long as the CPU is newer than an i486, and has a &quot;Floating Point Unit (FPU)&quot;. Ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. 


Motherboards supported 
* Most Intel mobos are supported (Skt 775 is ok but newer is better) - additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc 
* AMD based socket 939 am2 am2+ am3+, fusion and am4 ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed 


Supported graphics cards (gfx) 
* Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2017. 
64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs and higher to GTX 900s and '''3D''' from . 
32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT through to fermi gtx5xx and  '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx. 
* Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009. 
'''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards 
* AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2005. 
Desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600. Experimental 2D version for up to HD3xxx came later 
* VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. 

 It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. 


Sound wise there are 

* HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) 
* some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) 


* PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards 
* PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] 
* PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards 
* PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 


Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc 
* PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 
* PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100
* PCI intel pro100
* Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 
* VIA 10/100 
* 3com Etherlink 10/100 
* Realtek rtl8029 10mbit 


Wireless wifi 
* atheros 5000 wireless 
*realtek 8187 usb 


It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. 

* mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot
* micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. 
* full atx will have more slots available 

'''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. 

Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. 


The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World]


: Brief Timeline

: 2000-12-06 HIDD  first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz])
: 2001-03-31 BOOT  first boot from floppy disk with IDE device 
: 2001-10-30 BOOT  first cd bootable version
: 2002-01-27 HIDD  first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz)
: 2002-04-13 BOOT  software HDToolBox added ()
: 2003-04-03 HIDD  vesa2.hidd graphic modes added ()
: 2004-03-08 HIDD  new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz)
: 2004-03-17 HIDD  nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-01-05 AHI   AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom)
: 2005-01-06 AHI   SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger)
: 2005-02-04 AHI   AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) 
: 2005-06-27 NIC   amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2005-08-25 NIC   nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-12-24 NIC   Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2006-03-25 HIDD  ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz)
: 2007-03-06 HIDD  vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) 
: 2007-03-08 HIDD  dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) 
: 2007-03-21 HIDD  usb initial commit (Michal Schulz)


: 2007-10-01 BOOT  Installer added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2007-11-29 PORT  64bit x86 added  (Michal Schulz) 
: 2008-04-12 BOOT  GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews)
: 2008-08-26 NIC   RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) 
: 2008-10-22 PORT  to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz)
: 2009-02-25 PORT  to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) 
: 2009-05-18 HIDD  poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) 
: 2009-11-18 NIC   RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet])
: 2009-12-23 AHI   HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler)
: 2010-03-09 BOOT  USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2010-05-26 HIDD  Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz)
: 2010-09-03 NIC   Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2011-04-30 HIDD  Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support (Deadwood) 
: 2011-08-30 HIDD  Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft)
: 2011-09-17 NIC   Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2011-12-09 HIDD  Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) 


: 2013-02-25 AHI   AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2013-03-31 PORT  early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) 
: 2014-01-16 AHI   Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2017-02-17 PORT  Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz)
: 2018-10-20 PORT  Big Endian ARM 
: 2021-11-26 NIC   Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2023-01-12 NIC   Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2025-11    HIDD  xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews)


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Audio Chipsets===

'''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' 


====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI====

*2021 5.27 

as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. 

The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). 

Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
|
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1370 (u?)   AK4531 (u?)
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
| 0x00
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
|
|-
| CT4700  Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5000
| 0x7c
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works -  opamp JRC4565(u?)  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) 
|-
| CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4565-1056W (u1)  stac9708t(u2)  [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3)  24wc012 (u4) 
|-
| CT4751 (SB128PCI) 
| 0x1274
| 0x8001
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) 
|-
| CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V
| 0x1274 
| 0x1371 
| 0x06
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4812 (Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4813 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4815 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). 
|-
| CT5801 HP 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5803 Gateway 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works  4565-0005b jrc (u1)    4297a-jq ztae0c0002  (u2)    es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT4740
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 
|-
| CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7  
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5806  (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?)  ZTAPWC9933 (u2)   es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1373 (u?) 
|-
| CT5808
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938
| 0x1102
| 0x8938
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT5880 on various motherboards 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5880 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, 
|-
| VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x02
| {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;pre&gt;
Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A  
Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B  

Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A  
Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C  
Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D  
Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E  

Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B  
Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A  
Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8  
&lt;/pre&gt;


====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio====

*2021 5.10 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686B KT133A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x50
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM333 KT333 with VT8235 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x30
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x40 0x50 0x60 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy====

*2021 6.5

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1)
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested (1st Gen)
|-
| Live CT4620 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested             
|-
| Live CT4760 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| playback works
|-
| Live Value CT4670 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| works plays stereo (2nd Gen)
|-
| Live Value DELL CT4780 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x06
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode
|-
| Live Value Compaq CT4830 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| not working 
|-
| Live Value CT4831 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{partial|Line-In only}}
| works
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x08
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works
|-
| Live Value HP CT4870 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| Works
|-
| Live Value Gateway CT4871 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen)
|-
| Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Live 5.1 Player SB0220 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1
|-
| Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| working 
|-
| Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2)
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Audigy SB0230 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1102
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0004
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x03
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Mic only}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested)
|-
| Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx
| 0x1102 
| 0x0006 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| 
|-
| Live 24bit SB0410 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Live 24bit DELL SB0413 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy LS SB0310 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570
| 0x1102
| 0x0007
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO)
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 PRO SB0380
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 
| 0x1102 
| 0x000
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver but linux support needs firmware 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out 
the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 


====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media====

*2021 5.20 

;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Audiotrak MAYA EX5 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| cmi8738-sx 4ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested
|-
| e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EDio SC3000D 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{no}}
| 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec 5.1 PCI 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| Has SPDIF
|-
| Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| XSonic CMI 8738 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision 
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x13f6
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0111
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Chinese based card with playback tested so far 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2001-2005 ac97.audio====

*6.4 27-12-2008 


The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns 

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 

The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC200 and ALC201 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC201A and ALC202  and ALC202A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC650 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC850 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Acorp 7NFU400 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8080
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x24c5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881 SoundMAX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Analog Devices first AC97 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1885 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1886 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1887 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ADI AD1888 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 1.51
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1981A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM X30 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1985 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1986 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM T23
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x103c
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3085 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI 6501 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9738
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9739
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI 9739A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;STAC9708T codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VIA VT1612, VT82C686
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1968
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1978
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1988
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x12
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ymf-753 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451
| 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) 
| 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX)
| 0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| no support - introduced early 2000s
|-
| SIS 7012 
| 0x1039
| 0x7012
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM9717 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Parallels 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| VirtualBox
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working
|-
| VirtualPC
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel 82801AA Proxmox 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio====

*6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] 
*6.35 202  [] 
*6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards 
*6.29 2018 
*6.27 2017 update
*6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x 
*6.20 July 2012 
*6.17 Nov 2011 
*6.15 Jun 2011
*[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=109 6.13] Sep 2010


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC260 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC262 
* ALC262-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC268 codec
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. 
|-
| [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] 
* ALC269Q-GR
* ALC269QSRS-GR
* ALC269W-GR 
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 &amp; co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] 
|-
| [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] 
* ALC269Q-VB5-GR 
* ALC269Q-VB6-CG 
* ALC269Q-VB6-GR 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, 
* v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13
* v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 
|-
| [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202]
* ALC269Q-VC2-GR
* ALC269Q-VC3-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100203, 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;SMT SMD QFN-48 - 
* v1 unknown
* v2 unknown
* v3 x230, dell wyse, 
|-
| ALC272 
* ALC272-VA4-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0272
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC273 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC270 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC282 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;needs retest 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC660 ALC660-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* works asus F9s, F9e 
* untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC661-GR (2011) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC662 
| 0x1043
| 0x82a1
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}}
| 
* works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663]  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0861
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.13}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance 
* not working Asus n50vn x71vn, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC665 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC666 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC667
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC668 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC880 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;some 915 and 925 chipset mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC882M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some early versions work }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), 
|-
| Codec ALC885 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0885
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888s
* ALC888S-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC888b
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo),  
|-
| ALC888-VD
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested 
|-
| ALC889A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 Gr
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} with crackles 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Tested with MSI H55 board 
|-
| ALC887 ALC887-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 
|-
| ALC887-VD-CG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 
| 
|-
| ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887 0x1458
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} index = 2 
| ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead 
* working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), 
* not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, 
|-
| ALC887-VD2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 3jacks 
|-
| ALC887-VD2-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC887-
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC892-CG rev
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - 
|-
| ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 2009 introduced 
* works 
* not working 
* untested 
|-
| ALC892 rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0892
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2014 
|-
| Realtek ALC886-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD 
| 0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0663
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
* not working Toshiba Tecra A7 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC898 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3232 (aka ALC292) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0292
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3234 aka ALC255 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0255 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;003
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3287 aka ALC257
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1882 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1883 HD Codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1884 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| IBM Thinkpad T60, 
|-
| AD1984 hp-m4 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, 
|-
| AD1986 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| AD1988
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1988A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4207
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4208 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|very very very low volume}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549-12Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested HP 530 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20561 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working lenovo x200s
* untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20582 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20585 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20672 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20671 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20751-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11852 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11880 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Silicon Labs 3054 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VIA 1708A
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested, 
|-
| VIA VT1708B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| 0x0010
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|VIA PicoITX}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| VIA 1708S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}  
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VT2021 10ch
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Creative CA0110-IBG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), 
|-
| IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works HP Compaq mini 110
* untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, 
|-
| IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel D5400XS, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD73C
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD75B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x111d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7608
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required]
* untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD81XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD83XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 92HD89XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM8860 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. 

 Output &lt;- Codec &lt;- Audio Controller (HDA) &lt;-&gt; Computer 

codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a &quot;codec&quot;. Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. 

Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 

 Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. 


Things to try if sound not working 

* try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa 
* make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... 
* even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters 
* it might be internally muted 


&lt;pre&gt;
add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Bifteck &gt; RAM:audio.txt
&lt;/pre&gt;

or 

&lt;pre&gt;
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; RAM:audio.txt
Run ahi prefs
Click test tone button 
Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add &quot;debug=memory&quot; to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. 

or 

* try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line 
* '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file 
* Reboot
* open a shell
* type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi &gt; ram:debug.txt
* open ahi prefs
* select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise 
* press the 'test sound' button
* press ctrl-c in the shell
* post the results to Aros-World


The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. 

HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs 


====Envy24 series ====

A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). 

There are PCI Express versions appearing. 

The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards.

N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. 


=====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Playback
! Recording
! Comments
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| works audio out on   - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001  2001 REV-B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B  or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps 
* be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues 
|-
| M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;M-Audio Delta DiO 2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Terratec EWX24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1412
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1712
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| untested  - AKM  and codec
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWSA88MT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1212M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1616M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Value
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
    Event Electronics EZ8
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Digigram VX442
    Lionstracs
    Mediastation
    Terrasoniq TS 88
    Roland/Edirol DA-2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


=====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ESI Juli@
| 0x3031
| 0x4553
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K 
| 0x3031
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3631
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192
| 0x1412
| 0x3630 0x1724 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1147
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - discontinued 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] 
| 0x153b
| 0x1145
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - semaphore error on rev 3 -  DAC    ADC  
|-
| Terratec Phase 22
| 0x153b
| 0x1150
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| Terratec Phase 28
| 0x153b
| 0x1149 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Playback 
| Recording
| Revision 
| Comments
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1
| 0x4933
| 0x4553
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT
| 0x3132
| 0x4154
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - STAC9460S codec 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Echo Layla 24/96 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3632
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ONKYO SE-150PCI
| 0x160b
| 0x0001
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESI Waveterminal 192x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quartet 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9840 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Not detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVidia HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Graphic GFX Chipsets===

[https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. 

AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets 
* Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, 
* Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, 

The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 


2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench &gt; out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 


3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], 


HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up 

&lt;pre&gt;
HDMI (licensing fee)
1.2 720p res. 
1.3 1080 resolution 
1.4  4K @ 30Hz
2.0  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 
2.2 ultra96 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 

1.4  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
GPMI chinese standard 

2.0

&lt;/pre&gt;


*OpenGL4 must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support. The last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) on [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] and Nvidia RTX might come to AROS) but Intel UHD, Iris Plus or Xe or Arc will not unless a developer wants the challenge - [https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.0.html#mesa-20-0-0-release-notes-2020-02-19 Mesa 20.0.0] implements the OpenGL 4.6 API, but the version reported by glGetString(GL_VERSION) or glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION) / glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION) depends on the particular driver being used and may report a lower version depending on each driver. Mesa 20.0.0 implements the Vulkan 1.2 API, but the version reported by the apiVersion property of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties struct depends on the particular driver being used. 
*OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) 

*OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau on Aros 32bit, 
*OpenGL1 intel gma950 on Aros 32bit and 64bit, 


====vga.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====vesa.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour -  no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]====

DVI output is not supported at the moment. 

If having problems:

* Ensure the latest version is being used. 
* Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test 
* Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon.

If still having problems:

* At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory
* Boot.
* Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck &gt; RAM:debug.txt
* And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;3%&quot; |Rev
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Laptop LCD
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work 
|-
| 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GL 82915GL GMCH 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GV 82915GV GMCH
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| HP DC5100 small form factor 
|-
| 915GM GMA900
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel  gearbox  }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| asus eee pc 900 
|-
| 915GMS 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel   }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) 
| 0x8086
| 0x2772
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, 
|-
| 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27a2
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| Dell D430 
|-
| 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27ae
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No|dvi port}}
| {{Yes| }}
| for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks
* 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, 
|-
| 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945GC 82945GC MCH
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945PM 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, 
|-
| 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|most models}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| 
* 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, 
* 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400,  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GMA 3100 G31 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| GMA 3100 G33 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; G965
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; Q965 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2992
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Only tested with VGA output.
|-
| 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output 
* untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, 
|-
| 960GM X3100 (400 MHz)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| 965M X3100 (400 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Dell D830, 
|-
| 965PM ??
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GL965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GM965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GMA X3500 G35 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42 0x2a43
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x07
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt; {{Yes| VESA}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====[http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)====

 PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS 

*Desktop, more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia on Aros 32bit but on Aros 64bit ...
*Laptop, limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations on 32bit but on 64bit ...) 

Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc

* 202
* 2026-07 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   20.0 Mesa OpenCL
* 2011-10 - DEVS  6.11 Nouveau.hidd  7.4 Gallium.hidd  9.4 Softpipe - LIBS  2.3 Gallium  1.3 GLU  19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x 
* 2011-04 - DEVS  5.31 Nouveau.hidd  7.3 Gallium.hidd  9.3 Softpipe - LIBS  2.2 Gallium  1.1 GLU  18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a


Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ...
 On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) 
 On Aros 64bit 

ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the &quot;`&quot; key and type &quot;Timedemo demo1&quot; in the console 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|-
| NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  
|-
| Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) 9600GT ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA3 (GT215) GT240 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) gt210 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) ION2 || 38,4 || 53,9 || 61,7 || Not Detected || Not Detected || Not Detected 
|-
| NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE0 Kepler GT630 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  || 
|-
| NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV126 (GM206) GTX950 upwards no reclocking || N/A || N/A || N/A || poor || poor || poor
|-
| NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware  || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown  
|-
| HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|very slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt vanta lt (nv06)  1998 /9
| 0x10de
| 0x002c
| 0x15
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| untested Geforce256 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003)
| 0x10DE
| 0x0322 0x
| 0xA1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|  }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 
* not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&amp;page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] 
* working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver 
* Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD 
|-
| Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| Geforce 5100 (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5200 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600SE
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700VE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700LE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 (NV30)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900ZT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5950 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 5xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F3 0x014F 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| use 5.28}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1  needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006)
| 0x
| 0x0221
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2
* not working 
*working
|-
| GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) 
| 0x
| 0x0161
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) 
| 0x
| 0x0162
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 6200 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x0163
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| PCI-E 
|-
| GeForce 6600 LE
| 0x
| 0x00F4 0x0142 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 
| 0x
| 0x00F2 0x0141
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX
|-
| Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F1 0x0140
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  OpenGL tests - 
|-
| Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x)
| 0x
| 0x0043 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 LE 
| 0x
| 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400)
| 0x
| 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800 GS
| 0x
| 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 
| 0x
| 0x0040 0x0F9 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800XT
| 0x
| 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 VE  
| 0x
| 0x0143
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6500 NV44 
| 0x
| 0x0160 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6250 
| 0x
| 0x0169 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 7800 GTX 
| 0x
| 0x0090 0x0091 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel  gearbox  cube  cube2 25}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - 
* not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - 
* Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports 
* Untested 
|-
| GeForce 7800 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0092
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x02E0 0x0391
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 2.1 
* not working 
* working 
|-
| GeForce 7800 SLI  
| 0x
| 0x0095 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GTX  
| 0x
| 0x0290
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GT GTO  
| 0x
| 0x0291
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0292
| 0x0a1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 
|-
| GeForce 7950 GX2  
| 0x10de
| 0x0293 0x0294
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7950 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0295 0x02E4
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x
| 0x02E3
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x02E1 0x0392
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7650 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0390
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0394 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0093 0x00F5 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 
|-
| GeForce 7100 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x016A
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7350 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) 
| 0x10de 
| 0x01D3
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - 
* not working Asus on via chipset (2015), 
* works Asus on intel chipset (2015), 
|-
| Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0395 0x0393
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 7300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DF 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7500 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DD
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7xxx 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0194
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration 
|-
| Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 200w openGL3  openCL - 2x6pin psu 
* not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, 
* works 
|-
| Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, 
* not working 
* working 
* untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;DVI up to 2500 x 1600
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required
* not working 
* untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT (G92)
| 0x10de
| 0x0611 
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]]
|-
| Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0401 0x0402 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8500 GT G86 based chipset 
| 0x10de
| 0x0421
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL tests - max opengl 3.x but 2.1 offered on Aros 32bit and 
* works Gigabyte 8500 GT, 
* not working 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GS 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0606 0x060D 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| GeForce 8600GS 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B  
|-
| GeForce 8300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0423
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007)    GT218 (2009)
* Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. 
* Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0424 0x0422 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works digital part of DVI but nothing from any display port}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output, supporting up to one 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G98 VP3 pci-e 2.0 512MB DDR2 - 
* not working 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007)
* Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. 
| 0x10de
| 0x0404 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output up to 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G86 VP2 128MB - 
* not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, 
|-
| GeForce 8400 SE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0420
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 2.x openCL 
|-
| NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 socket}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - 
|-
| Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA 2d}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0604
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 150w - 65nm technology 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX 
| 0x10de
| 0x0612
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 2x6pin psu - 
* not working xfx on via chipset (2015),  
* works xfx on chipset intel , 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX+ 
| 0x10de
| 0x0613
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* works on a few models 
|-
| Geforce 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0614
| 0x0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 495  gearbox 513  Cube 156  Cube2 120   Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.1  openCL 1.x - case dual slot - 600w 26amp on both 12v rails for 2x6pin psu on gfx card - no fan control - some come with 1x6pin - renamed version of the venerable GeForce 8800 GT - randomly works 
* not working Gainward 512M untested 
* working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) 
|-
| Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0622
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 493  gearbox 675  Cube  Cube2 100  Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - 
* not working  bfg tech ocx, 
* works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i -
|-
| Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0640
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel 480  gearbox 500  Cube  Cube2 64  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.2 - case single slot - 350 Watt/400 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 18 Amp/22 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - 
* not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, 
* works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2,  
|-
| GeForce 9600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x0623
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working  
* works 
|-
| GeForce 9600 GSO 
| 0x
| 0x0610
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - 
|-
| GeForce 9300 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x06E1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9400 GT  (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9xxx   (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro FX 580 G96 chipset 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
NV84 (G84) 	GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, 
NV92 (G92) 	GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX)
GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX)
NV96 (G96) 	GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), 
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA0 (GT200) Tesla GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E1
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or &quot;VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 260
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|Vesa}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - 
|-
| Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009)  
| 0x10de
| 0x0615
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 486  gearbox 508-642  Cube   Cube2 80   Quake3 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - 
* not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - 
* works  PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ca3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;late 2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - All are pcie 2.1 cards and may not work in 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 with 512MB or 1GB - 
* DDR5 -Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT220 (GT216) G220 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a20
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 2.0.3 GeForce GT220 1GB[[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]]
* untested NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, 
|-
| Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b)
| 0x10de
| 0x0a20
| 0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI but not 1x HDMI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - 
* not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - 
* works  - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a65
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 31W OpenGL 3.3  pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - 
* working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - 
* untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, 
* not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia ION2 9400M class (GT218) Tesla 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3), NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - 
*not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 50w OpenGL 3.3  openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; 2 dp 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; GTX 470, GTX 480   GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - up to OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1  Tessellation - case dual slots - 
|-
| Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 
| 0x10de
| 0x0e22
| 0xa1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel  gearbox  cube 055-111   cube2 50}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVC0 family (Fermi) up to OpenGL 4.x but  - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR
* works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0e23
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x91 or 0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - 
|-
| Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106  
| 0x10de
| 0x0dc4
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel  gearbox  cube   cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI  }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  2010 Hardware up to OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau set at 3.3  - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, 
* GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, 
* works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 up to openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* OEM 
* GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5
* GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT430 430GT (GF108) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy on Aros 32 but 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 590   Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 580, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 5&quot; or &quot;VP5&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160  H.264 decode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 570, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works gigabyte, evga 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, 
* Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit 
* Ti 256bit 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 560 Ti  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 550 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1201
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA  Doom   Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - 
* untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) -  - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 545 and OEM GF116 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT530 OEM 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT520 520GT  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;510, GT 530    
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; ddr 3 - 50w max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT610 Fermi GF119 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 315 300 GF119S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT630 GF108 Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not accelerated 2015 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 
* not working Gigabyte 
* DDR3
* GDDR5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 730 (two versions) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 
* not working Asus 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 4000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 5000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 780    GeForce GTX 780 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 6&quot; or &quot;VP6&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 770 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 740
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 730 Kepler (two versions) f
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 670
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti GK104 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu 
* not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 640
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
* 128bit DDR3
* 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W 
* 128bit GDDR5 75W 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 620 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2000 NVE7 (GK107) Kepler 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 - 50w single slot pcie 2.0 - like 740gs - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K4200 GK104 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 4Gb GDDR5 - 108W 1 6pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K420 1GB DDR3 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 41W - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 750ti, GeForce 900 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia GTX 750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1381
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{yes|vga on 64bit test }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|not dp }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 and tested in 2026 with nouveau test 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2200 (GM107) Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 - 68w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K620 Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 50w slim low profile 2gb ddr3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GM based later Maxwells probably little support 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7&quot; or &quot;VP7&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX (1070, 1080)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support up to OpenGL 4.6 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 50w slim low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce gtx 1060, GeForce 1070
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 Pascal 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 family (Pascal)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018  needs gsp firmware and latest nouveau version 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1650ti super 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 old style 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 av1 decoding ampere 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 NV170 family (Ampere) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090 ada 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce RTX 5090 blackwell GB202 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}

==== nouveau mobile integrated ====


 If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| GeForce 6100 nForce 405 
| 0x
| 0x03D1 0x0242
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 420 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0241
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 
| 0x
| 0x03D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0240
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0531
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0533
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x053A 0x053B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a
| 0x
| 0x053E
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No| }}
| some support on some chipsets 
|-
| GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73)   
| 0x10de
| 0x07e1
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) 
| 0x
| 0x084F
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce 8100P 
| 0x
| 0x0847
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 780a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 750a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084D
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;works 
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9400 (ION) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x087d
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;If AROS detects GPU chipset, works sometimes 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9700M ()
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce ION 2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works well 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0244
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0247
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0164 0x0167
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0166 0x0168
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Sony Laptop
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 Ultra 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C9
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0144
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0146
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0148
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0149
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D6
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7300 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D7
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D8 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;works 2D and 3d issues though 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x098
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0099
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7950 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0297
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GS 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0298
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0299
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0398
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0399
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6610 XL
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0145
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6700 XL 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0147
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8700M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0409
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0425
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0426
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0427
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0428
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0609
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x060C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0405
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0407
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9650M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0408
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042E
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9100M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0844
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0628
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9700M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062A
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0647
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0648
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0649
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x064B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9200M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600)
Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV84 (G84) Tesla 8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS
Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G
Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290)
GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV96 (G96)  9650M GT, 9700M GT
GeForce G 102M, GT 120
Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M)
NV98 (G98) 	GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS)
GeForce G 100, G 105M
Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450)
Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA3 (GT215) 	GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M
NVA5 (GT216) 	GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315
Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA8 (GT218) Tesla GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 210M, 305M, 310M, Quadro FX 380M, NVS 2100M, 3100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) 	GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G
NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) 	ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAF (MCP89) 	GeForce 320M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC0 (GF100) Fermi GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 5000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC1 (GF108) GeForce GT 415M, 420M, 425M, 435M, 520M, 525M, 540M, 550M, 555M, 630M, 635M, 640M LE, Quadro 1000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC3 (GF106) Fermi GeForce GT 445M, 555M, 630M, 635M), GTX 460M, Quadro 2000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC4 (GF104) GeForce GTX 470M, 485M, Quadro 5000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVCE (GF114) GeForce GTX 570M, 580M, 670M, 675M,  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD7 (GF117) Fermi Geforce GT 620M, 625M, (some) 630M, 710M, 720M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD9 (GF119) Fermi GeForce 410M, GT 520M, 520MX, 610M, Quadro NVS 4200M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE4 (GK104) GeForce GTX 670M, 680M, 775M, 780M, 860M, Quadro K3000M, K3100M, K4000M, K4100M, K5000M, K5100M, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE7 (GK107) GeForce GT640M, 645M, 650M, 710M, 720M, 730M, 740M, 745M, 750M, 755M, GTX 660M, K500M, K1000M, K1100M, K2000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 1650 mobile
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2050 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 4060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====radeon.hidd====

Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1  

3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets

&lt;pre&gt;
2014 SI        AMD HD 7xxx 
2016 GCN3rd    AMD R5E R7E 
2019 GCN5th    AMD Vega 8  
2022 RDNA1     AMD RX5500 desktop only 
2023 RDNA2     AMD 680M 780M 
2024 RDNA3     AMD 880M 890M
2025 RDNA3.5   AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 
2027 RDNA4     AMD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! 2D
! 3D
! Analogue Output
! Digital Output
! Laptop LCD
! Comments
|-
| 7000 (r100)
| 0x1002
| 0x5159 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x5157 
| 0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 8000 8500 (r200) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x514c (8500LE)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| 9000 9100 9250 (r200)
| 0x1002
| 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100)
| 0x0001
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| 9600 9800 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x300 x600 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420])
| 0x
| 0x554d (R430 x800xl)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) 
|-
| x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture 
|-
| HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 
|-
| HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700])
| 0x1002
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 - DDR3 -  GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - 
|-
| HD6900 cayman series 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - 
|-
| HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 openCL  - GDDR5  
|-
| HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - 
|-
| HD6450  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - DDR3 - 
|-
| HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670  
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - 
Radeon HD 8470 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 8350 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 7510 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6550D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6530D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6410D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6370D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6320 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6310 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6290 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6250 	11 	TeraScale 2
|-
| HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7450-HD7670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan 
Radeon HD 7660D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7560D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7540D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7480D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 6930 	11 	TeraScale 3
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands]
*AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT	
*AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde	
*AMD Radeon R9 255	 Cape Verde PRX	
*AMD Radeon HD 7750  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon R7 250E	 Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 8740  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 7730	 Cape Verde LE
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 430, FirePro W2100, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260  260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 Fury Nano 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL  openCL vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro WX 9100, x200 Series and Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 7900/7600 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700/6600/6500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


==== amd radeon mobile integrated ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x00
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 7500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x4c57 (7500)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9000 
| 0x1002
| 0x4966 (9000)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380)
| 0x1002
| 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) 
| 0x1002
| 0x791f
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;X1200 IGP (RS690)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x71c7 (X1650) 
| 0x009e
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 2100
| 0x1002
| 0x796e (2100)
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670)
| 0x1002 
| 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620)
| 0x1002
| 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770)
| 0x1002 
| 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 Maybe better with Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 AMDGPU Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 285 / R9 380  R9 380X  Fury / Fury X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX460 RX560D polaris11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX580 polaris20 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 6000 Navi 2x 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX6000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RNDA 3 navi
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX9070 rx 9060 XT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 rdna4 navi
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 udna (aka rdna5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; GCN 5
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used 


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only 


*Vulkan
*Gallium


Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen.

bare bones basics data flow

 application,&gt;&gt;&gt; api/opengl/vulkan&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, jit compiler, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;memory manger, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;gpu hardware

so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render.

the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance

Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL 

RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. 


==Rough gfx comparison==

&lt;pre&gt;

Group 1

GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 
GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 


Group 2

GeForce RTX 2070
Radeon RX 7600
Quadro RTX 5000
Radeon PRO W6600
GeForce RTX 2060 12GB
Radeon PRO W7500
Quadro GP100
Radeon RX 6800S
GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU
GeForce GTX 1080
GeForce RTX 3060 8GB
Quadro RTX 4000
Radeon Pro W5700
Radeon RX 6600
GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile)
Radeon RX 7700S
Radeon RX 6700S
Radeon RX 6600S
Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile)
GeForce GTX 1070 Ti
GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU
Radeon Pro Vega 64X
Radeon RX 5700
Radeon RX Vega 64
GeForce RTX 2060
GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design


Group 3

Radeon RX 6600M
GeForce GTX 1070
Radeon RX 6650M
GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU
Radeon RX Vega 56
Radeon RX 6700M
GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6800M
GeForce GTX 980 Ti
Radeon R9 Fury
GeForce GTX 980
Quadro M5500
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon RX 580
Radeon RX 5500
Radeon RX 6550M
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 780 Ti
GeForce GTX 970
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon RX 480
Radeon RX 5600M
Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design
Radeon R9 290X / 390X
Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 290
Radeon Pro 5500 XT
Radeon R9 M490 *
GeForce GTX 780 
Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6500
Radeon RX 5300
Intel Arc A770M
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Radeon Pro 580X
Radeon RX 6400
GeForce RTX 2050
Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS
GeForce GTX 980M
Quadro M5000M
Radeon RX 6300
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design
Radeon Pro 570
Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti
Quadro M4000M
Radeon R9 280X  380X 
GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design
GeForce MX570
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon 780M
GeForce GTX 960
GeForce GTX 970M
Quadro M4000M *
GeForce GTX 680


Group 4 

Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
Radeon Pro WX 7100
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 1650
Intel Arc A730M
Radeon HD 7970
Radeon R9 M395X
Radeon R9 M485X
Radeon R9 M480 *
Radeon R9 M295X
Radeon R9 M390X *
FirePro W7170M *
Radeon R9 M395
Radeon R7 370
Radeon RX 5500M
GeForce GTX 590
GeForce GTX 880M
GeForce GTX 950
Radeon R9 270X
GeForce GTX 660 Ti
GeForce GTX 760
GeForce GTX 780M
Quadro K5100M
GeForce GTX 680MX
Radeon HD 7870
GeForce GTX 965M
Quadro M3000M *
GeForce GTX 870M
Radeon R9 M290X
Radeon HD 8970M
Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) 
GeForce GTX 580
Radeon HD 6970
GeForce GTX 1050
GeForce GTX 680M
GeForce GTX 775M
GeForce GTX 1630
FirePro M6100
Radeon HD 7970M
Radeon R9 M390 *
GeForce GTX 750 Ti


Group 5

GeForce GTX 570
GeForce GTX 480
GeForce GTX 960M
Quadro M2000M *
Quadro K5000M
Quadro K4100M
GeForce GTX 770M
GeForce GTX 860M
GeForce GTX 675MX
GeForce GTX 950M
GeForce GTX 850M
Quadro M1000M
Radeon R9 M280X
Radeon HD 7950M *
GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Radeon HD 6870
GeForce GTX 470
GeForce GT 1030
GeForce MX330
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 5800HS 
FirePro 3D V8800
GeForce MX250


Group 6

Radeon Pro WX 3200
Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H
Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U
Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U
Radeon Pro WX 4150
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G
Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE
GeForce GTX 485M
FirePro W6150M
Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M470
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U
Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE
Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U
FirePro V7900
Radeon HD 5970
Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G
Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE
Radeon RX 550X
FirePro V8800
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U
GeForce MX150
Quadro K3100M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R7 250X
Intel HD 5600
Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 460
Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U
Quadro K620
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics
Intel Iris Pro P580
Intel UHD Graphics P630
Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5870
Radeon HD 6870
Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 7770
Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U
GeForce GTX 745
Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile
Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U
Quadro M600M
Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U
Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics


Group 7 

GeForce 945M
Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro M5100
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U
GeForce GTX 580M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M385
Quadro 5000M
Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U
Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics
FirePro V7800
Radeon R9 350
Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G
Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U
GeForce GTX 460 SE
Radeon Pro W5500M
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G
Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GT 645
GeForce GTX 765M
Radeon R9 M385X
Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5850
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G
Intel Iris Pro 580
Radeon HD 6850
Intel Iris Xe MAX
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U
Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core
GeForce GTX 470M
Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 670MX
Radeon RX 640
Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3
Radeon R7 450
GeForce GTX 675M
Radeon Pro WX 4130
Intel Iris Xe MAX 100
Quadro 5000
Radeon RX 570X
Radeon HD 7700-serie
Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 8 


Group 8 
 
GeForce MX230
GeForce GTX 765M
Quadro K4000M
Iris Pro Graphics P580 *
Iris Pro Graphics 580 *
GeForce GTX 645
Quadro M520
GeForce GTX 570M
GeForce MX130
Radeon RX 540
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U
Intel UHD Graphics 770
Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE 
Radeon HD 5850
GeForce GTX 675M
GeForce GTX 580M
Radeon HD 6990M
Radeon R9 M385X *
Radeon R9 M470X *
Radeon R9 M470 *
Radeon R9 M385 *
Radeon R9 M380 *
Radeon R9 M370X
Radeon R9 M275
Radeon HD 7770
GeForce GTX 485M
GeForce GTX 460 768MB
Radeon HD 6790
GeForce GTX 285M SLI
Quadro K3100M
FirePro W5170M *
GeForce GTX 670MX
Quadro 5010M
GeForce GTX 760M
GeForce GTX 670M


Group 9 

GeForce 940MX *
Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5)
FirePro M8900
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R9 M270
Radeon HD 8870M
Radeon HD 7870M
Quadro K3000M
GeForce GTX 570M
FirePro M6000
FirePro M5100
Quadro K2100M
Radeon HD 5770
GeForce GTX 550 Ti
GeForce GTX 280M SLI
Radeon HD 6950M
Radeon R7 250
GeForce GT 755M
GeForce GTX 660M
GeForce 845M
Radeon HD 8850M
Radeon R9 M365X
Radeon R9 M265X
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro W5130M *
Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U 
Radeon HD 7850M
Radeon HD 8790M
FirePro W4170M
FirePro W4190M
FirePro W4100
Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U
Quadro 4000M
GeForce GTX 470M
GeForce GTX 480M
GeForce GT 750M
Iris Pro Graphics 6200
Quadro K1100M
GeForce 940M
Radeon R9 M375
GeForce 930MX *
Radeon R7 M380 *
Radeon R7 M370
Quadro M600M *
GeForce GT 650M
Quadro K620M
GeForce 840M
Radeon R7 M275DX
GeForce GT 745M
Radeon HD 7770M
GeForce GTX 560M
Radeon R7 
Iris Pro Graphics 5200
GeForce GT 740M
GeForce 930M
Radeon HD 4850


Group 10

Iris Graphics 550 *
GeForce 830M
Iris Graphics 540
Quadro M500M *
Quadro K2000M
GeForce GTS 450
GeForce GTX 260M SLI
GeForce GT 735M
Mobility Radeon HD 5870
GeForce 825M
Quadro 5000M
FirePro M4000
FirePro M7820
Radeon HD 6870M
GeForce 9800M GTX SLI
Radeon HD 8830M *
Radeon HD 8770M
Radeon R7 M260X
GeForce GTX 460M
GeForce 920MX *
GeForce GT 730M
Radeon HD 7750M
GeForce GT 645M *
FirePro M4100
Radeon HD 8750M
Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G
Quadro 3000M
Radeon R7 M270
Radeon R7 M265
Quadro FX 3800M
GeForce GTX 285M
Mobility Radeon HD 4870
GeForce GT 640M
Radeon R7 (Kaveri)
Radeon R8 M365DX
Radeon R7 M460 *
Radeon HD 7730M
Radeon R7 M360
GeForce GTX 280M
Radeon HD 8690M
Quadro FX 3700M
Radeon R7 M340
GeForce 920M
Radeon R6 M340DX
HD Graphics 530
HD Graphics P530
Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU
Radeon R7 M260
Radeon R6 


Group 11

Mobility Radeon HD 4860
FirePro M7740
Mobility Radeon HD 4850
GeForce GTX 260M
GeForce 9800M GTX
Quadro FX 2800M
Radeon HD 8670D
Radeon HD 7690M XT
FirePro M5950
GeForce GT 640M LE
Radeon R6 (Kaveri)
Radeon HD 8650M *
Radeon HD 8730M
Radeon HD 6770M
GeForce GT 635M
GeForce GT 555M
Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B
Radeon HD 5670
Mobility Radeon HD 5850
Radeon HD 6850M
Quadro 2000M
GeForce 9800M GT
GeForce 8800M GTX
Quadro FX 3600M
GeForce GT 445M
GeForce GTS 360M


Group 12

GeForce GT 240
Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700
Radeon HD 7690M
HD Graphics 5600
Radeon HD 8570D
Radeon HD 8670M
Radeon R6 M255DX
Radeon HD 7660D
Radeon HD 6750M
Quadro K1000M
GeForce GT 550M
Radeon HD 8590M *
GeForce GTS 260M
GeForce GTS 160M
GeForce 9800M GTS
GeForce GT 430
Radeon HD 6830M
Mobility Radeon HD 5830
Radeon HD 6730M *
GeForce 9800M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 4830
Mobility Radeon HD 5770
Radeon HD 6570M
Radeon HD 8650G
Radeon HD 7670M
GeForce GT 630M
Radeon HD 7560D
GeForce GTS 150M *
Radeon R5 M335
Radeon R5 M430 *
Radeon R5 M330
Radeon R5 M255
Radeon Vega 3
Quadro 1000M
GeForce 820M
FirePro W2100
HD Graphics 520 620 
Iris Graphics 6100


GeForce GT 720M
GeForce 8800M GTS
Radeon R5 M240
Radeon R5 M320 *
Radeon R5 M230
Radeon R5 M315 *
Mobility Radeon HD 5750 *
Radeon HD 8570M
Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B
HD Graphics 6000
Quadro K610M
Radeon HD 8550M
Iris Graphics 5100
GeForce GT 540M
Mali-T880 MP12 *
Radeon HD 8610G *
Radeon HD 6650M
HD Graphics 4600
Mobility Radeon HD 5730
HD Graphics 5500
Radeon R5 (Carrizo) *
Radeon R5 (Kaveri)
FirePro M5800
NVS 5400M
GeForce 710M
Radeon HD 7660G
GeForce GT 435M
HD Graphics 5000


Quadro K510M *
Radeon HD 5570
Radeon HD 6550M
Radeon HD 7590M *
GeForce GTS 350M
GeForce GTS 250M
Radeon HD 6630M
Radeon HD 7650M
FirePro M2000
Radeon HD 7570M
Radeon HD 7630M
Quadro FX 1800M
Mobility Radeon HD 5650
Radeon HD 8510G *
Radeon HD 6530M
Radeon HD 8550G
Quadro K500M *
GeForce GT 625M *
GeForce GT 620M
GeForce GT 525M
Radeon HD 6550D *
Radeon HD 7610M
Radeon HD 7620G
Radeon HD 8470D
Radeon HD 7640G
Adreno 530
GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU)
HD Graphics 4400
HD Graphics 510 515 *


NVS 5200M
Mobility Radeon HD 565v
Radeon HD 7550M
Mobility Radeon HD 4670
GeForce GT 425M
GeForce 9700M GTS
Radeon HD 6645G2 *
Quadro FX 2700M
GeForce GT 335M
Radeon HD 7600G
Mobility Radeon HD 3870
Mobility Radeon HD 4650
GeForce GT 220
GeForce GT 420M
Radeon HD 7530M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3850
GeForce GT 330M
Quadro FX 880M
Quadro NVS 5100M
GeForce GT 240M
Radeon HD 7490M *
HD Graphics 5300
Radeon HD 7510M *
GeForce Go 7950 GTX
Quadro FX 3500M
GeForce 8700M GT SLI
GeForce 9700M GT
GeForce GT 230M
Mobility Radeon HD 550v
Radeon HD 7480D
HD Graphics 4000
Mali-T760 MP8
Radeon HD 6620G
HD Graphics (Broadwell) *
Adreno 430
Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L)
Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri)
HD Graphics (Skylake) *


Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5
Radeon HD 7500G
Radeon HD 8450G
Radeon HD 7470M
Radeon HD 6490M
Radeon HD 8400
Mali-T880 MP4
GeForce GT 520MX
Radeon HD 7520G
GeForce GT 325M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI
GeForce 8600M GT SLI
GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI
GeForce GT 130M
NVS 4200M
GeForce Go 7900 GTX
Quadro FX 2500M
Radeon HD 8350G
Radeon HD 8330
GeForce 9650M GS
GeForce 9650M GT
Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema)
GeForce 8700M GT
Quadro FX 1700M
Quadro FX 1600M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX
GeForce Go 7900 GS
Quadro NVS 320M
Quadro FX 1500M
GeForce 9600M GT
GeForce GT 220M
Quadro FX 770M
GeForce GT 120M
Radeon HD 7450M
GeForce 610M
GeForce 705M
Mali-T760 MP6
Radeon HD 6470M
FirePro M3900 *
GeForce GT 520M
Radeon HD 7420G
Mobility Radeon HD 3670
Mobility FireGL V5725
PowerVR GX6450
Adreno 420
HD Graphics (Haswell)


Radeon HD 6520G
Radeon HD 8310G *
GeForce 320M
GeForce GT 320M
Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT
Mobility Radeon X1900
Mobility Radeon X1800XT
Mobility Radeon X1800
GeForce Go 6800 Ultra
GeForce Go 7800
GeForce 9600M GS
GeForce 9500M GS
Radeon HD 7400G
Radeon HD 6480G *
Mobility Radeon HD 2700
GeForce GT 415M
GeForce 410M
Radeon HD 7370M
Adreno 418
HD Graphics (Cherry Trail)
Radeon HD 6370M
Radeon HD 8280
Mobility Radeon HD 5470
Radeon HD 6450M
Radeon HD 7430M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3650
Mobility FireGL V5700
Mobility Radeon HD 5145
Mobility Radeon HD 545v
Radeon R6 (Mullins) *
Radeon HD 8240
Radeon HD 8250
Mobility Radeon HD 4570
Quadro FX 570M
Mobility Radeon HD 5450 *
Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) *
GeForce 8600M GT
Mobility Radeon HD 2600
HD Graphics 3000
Quadro FX 380M
GeForce 310M
GeForce G210M
NVS 3100M
GeForce 405M
GeForce 315M
GeForce Go 7600 GT
GeForce 9500M G
GeForce 8600M GS
NVS 2100M
GeForce Go 7700
GeForce Go 6800
Quadro FX Go 1400
Mobility Radeon X800XT
Radeon HD 6430M *
Radeon HD 6380G *
Mobility Radeon HD 5430
Radeon HD 8210
Mobility Radeon HD 540v
Mobility Radeon HD 4550
HD Graphics 2500
HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge)


Quadro NVS 310 
Radeon HD 7350M *
Radeon HD 6350M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4530
Mobility Radeon HD 4350
Radeon HD 4350
GeForce 305M
Mobility Radeon X1700
Mobility FireGL V5250
Mobility Radeon X2500
GeForce Go 7600
Quadro NVS 300M
Mobility Radeon X800
Mobility Radeon X1600
Mobility FireGL V5200
Mobility Radeon 9800
GeForce Go 6600
Mobility Radeon X1450
Mobility Radeon X700
Mobility FireGL V5000
GeForce G 110M
Quadro NVS 295 
Radeon HD 6330M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4330
GeForce 8400M GT
Quadro NVS 140M
HD Graphics 2000
GeForce 9500M GE *
GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE)
HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) *


Adreno 330
PowerVR G6430
PowerVR GX6250
PowerVR G6400
HD Graphics (Bay Trail)
Mali-T628 MP6
Mali-T760 MP4
Chrome9HD *
Radeon HD 7340
Radeon HD 6320 *
Radeon HD 7310
Radeon HD 6310 *
Radeon HD 8180
Mobility Radeon HD 3470
GeForce 9300M G
ION 2 *
GeForce 9300M GS
Quadro FX 370M
Quadro NVS 160M
GeForce 9200M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Mobility Radeon HD 3430
Mobility Radeon HD 3410
Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT
Radeon HD 4270
Radeon HD 4250
Radeon HD 7290 *
Radeon HD 6290 *
Radeon HD 4200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics
Radeon HD 6250


Quadro NVS 150M
Quadro FX 360M
Mobility Radeon X1350
Mobility Radeon X1400
GeForce 9100M G
GeForce 8400M GS
Quadro NVS 135M
Mobility Radeon HD 2400
Radeon HD 3200
Radeon HD 4225 *
Radeon HD 4100 *
SGX554MP4
Mali-T628 MP4
Mobility Radeon HD 3400 *
Radeon HD 3100
GeForce 8400M G
Mali-T860 MP2
Quadro NVS 130M
GeForce 8200M G
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M
Mali-T604 MP4
GeForce Go 7400
Quadro FX 350M
Quadro NVS 120M
GeForce Go 7300
GeForce Tegra 4 *
PowerVR G6200
Adreno 405 *
Quadro NVS 110M
Mobility Radeon X600
Mobility FireGL V3200
Mobility FireGL V3100
Mobility Radeon HD X2300
Mobility Radeon 9700


Mobility FireGL T2e
Mobility Radeon X1300
GeForce4 4200 Go
Mobility Radeon 9600
Mobility FireGL T2
Mobility Radeon 9550
GeForce Go 7200
GeForce Go 6400
Mobility Radeon X300
GeForce Go 6250
GeForce Go 6200
GeForce FX Go 5700
Quadro FX Go 1000
GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650
Radeon Xpress X1270
Radeon Xpress X1250
Radeon Xpress X1200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100
Mali-T624
Adreno 320 *
Mali-T760 MP2
Mali-T720 MP4
Mali-450 MP4
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 *
GeForce 7190M *
GeForce 7150M
Radeon Xpress 1150
GeForce Go 6150
GeForce Go 6100
GeForce 7000M
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 *
Mobility Radeon 9200
Mobility FireGL 9000
GeForce FX Go 5200
Mobility Radeon 9000
GeForce 4 488 Go
GeForce 4 460 Go
GeForce 4 440 Go
GeForce 4 420 Go
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 
SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 *
Mali-T720 MP2
Mali-T720
Adreno 302 304 305 306
Mobility Radeon 7500
Mobility FireGL 7800
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 


Radeon Xpress 200M
Radeon Xpress 1100
Mirage 3+ 672MX
Mirage 3 671MX
Mali-400 MP4 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) *
VideoCore-IV *
Adreno 220 225*
Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core
Mali-400 MP2 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 *
SGX540 *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500
Adreno 205 *
Adreno 203 *
GC800 *
SGX535
SGX531
SGX530
Adreno 200 *
Mali-200 *
GeForce 3 Go *
GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100
Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP
Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP
Mobility Radeon M7
Mobility Radeon M6
Chrome9 HC
Extreme Graphics 2
Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP
Radeon IGP 340M
Radeon IGP 320M
S3G UniChrome Pro II
S3G UniChrome Pro
Castle Rock
Mirage 2 M760
Mirage M661FX
S3 Graphics ProSavage8
Mobility 128 M3
SM502 *
&lt;/pre&gt;


Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need...

DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a &quot;vendor-neutral&quot; portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. 

&quot;let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!&quot; - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. 

There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). 

Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. 

Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA &amp; AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD &amp; Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. 


So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like:

* AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (radeonsi)  
* AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (r600g) -&gt; games/apps/etc.
* NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (nouveau) -&gt; games/apps.
* Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (i945) -&gt; games/apps.


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=30%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Fudomi GC888A
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 100in throw projector 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vamvo VF320 (720P) 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Happrun H1 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 100in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Zentality A10 Plus 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 110in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nexigo nova mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nebula mars 3 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;dangbei freedo 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;benq gv50 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. 
AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. 


Bluetooth is similarly unlikely to be ever supported due to huge cost to be certified. 


No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed.</text>
      <sha1>35fab29b0huzktib28chimns7porno0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641993</id>
      <parentid>4641992</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T11:34:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641993</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="228493" sha1="2wwoq24ou1v3hq6linff8dfz2wt582u" xml:space="preserve">Google translation into [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=de&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support German], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=fr&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support French], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=nl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Dutch], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=it&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Italian], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=es&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Spanish], [http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=hi&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Hindi], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=zh-CN&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Chinese Simplified], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=pl&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Polish], 
[http://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&amp;sl=auto&amp;tl=ru&amp;u=http%3A%2F%2Fen.wikibooks.org%2Fwiki%2FAros%2FPlatforms%2Fx86_support Russian], 

{{ArosNav}}


[[#Audio Chipsets]]

[[#Graphic GFX Chipsets]]

[[#Rough gfx comparison]]

[[#]]


==x86 Native Environment==


AROS should run on almost any i386 PC hardware so long as the CPU is newer than an i486, and has a &quot;Floating Point Unit (FPU)&quot;. Ideally around 700Mhz and above with at least 256MB of memory is recommended for desktops and around 1GHz and at least 256MB for laptops/notebooks/netbooks. For web browsing, etc above 1GB is usually needed and offers the option to run web browsers, media players and other hard disk heavy usage from RAM: disk. 


Motherboards supported 
* Most Intel mobos are supported (Skt 775 is ok but newer is better) - additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed for networking, audio, etc 
* AMD based socket 939 am2 am2+ am3+, fusion and am4 ryzen based systems work but additional pci / pci-e cards may be needed 


Supported graphics cards (gfx) 
* Nvidia 2D and 3D 2005-2017. 
64bit AROS Nouveau covers '''2D''' 8xxxgs and higher to GTX 900s and '''3D''' from . 
32bit AROS supports '''2D''' from TNT through to fermi gtx5xx and  '''3D''' acceleration fx5xxx to gtx4xx. 
* Intel GMA 2D and 3D 2006-2009. 
'''2D''' for many old netbooks and motherboards. '''3D''' for many early netbooks and motherboards 
* AMD/ATI 2D only and '''no 3D'''. 1999-2005. 
Desktop ie external monitor support only (no laptop internal support) for very early Radeon 7000 through to x600. Experimental 2D version for up to HD3xxx came later 
* VESA 2D fallback modes for all graphic cards (GPUs) and with [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKCHZFYj9Kk screen dragging]. 

 It's worth noting however that support isn't guaranteed. Nor will potential power of a card reflect its performance under AROS. 


Sound wise there are 

* HDaudio support for onboard intel and AMD netbooks, ultrabooks, notebooks and motherboards (2005 to 2020) 
* some AC97 codec support for very old motherboards and laptops (ie pre 2004) 


* PCI and some PCI-E C-Media CMI8738 for desktop plugin cards 
* PCI Creative Soundblaster EMU10K1 cards [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 SBLive] 
* PCI semi professional some early VIA Envy24 desktop sound cards 
* PCI Sound Blaster 128 aka SB16 


Supported [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Platforms/x86_Network_support network] which could be desktop, laptop, etc 
* PCI-E Realtek rtl8169 which also includes the rtl8111 and rtl8110 
* PCI Realtek rtl8139 and includes rtl8101 and rtl8100
* PCI intel pro100
* Broadcom 44xx 10/100 integrated in laptops around 2005 
* VIA 10/100 
* 3com Etherlink 10/100 
* Realtek rtl8029 10mbit 


Wireless wifi 
* atheros 5000 wireless 
*realtek 8187 usb 


It is very hard to recommend a completely supported motherboard because as soon as newer motherboards arrive so their features change subtly, often introducing non supported parts like ethernet and audio. It is a moving target. 

* mini-itx motherboard will only get you 1 pci or pci-e slot
* micro mATX or uATX will have more, typically 2 pci-e or pci slots which helps if any onboard features are not supported. 
* full atx will have more slots available 

'''N.B''' It is frustrating when a piece of hardware is not supported. Hardware documentation can run to over 100 pages and a lot of hardware do not have any public documentation anyway. Chips from different manufacturers for sound, graphics, SATA, etc. vary just as much, unless they follow a standard such as [https://github.com/acidanthera/AppleALC/wiki/Supported-codecs HDAudio codecs], AHCI etc. 

Coding drivers is a far cry from Hello World programs or even a port of existing software. If you do actually want to try then get a hold of documentation on the relevant hardware and start there. Alternatively you could try to find some '''BSD''', MIT or MPL licence drivers as a point of reference. Please , do not think you can just adapt strings in a driver for different strings, it does not work that way. You will '''need''' to start from scratch for each new bit of hardware. Device driver programming require '''embedded''' skills, like manipulation of bits within registers, good debugging skills, dealing with interrupts, lots of patience, etc. 


The following specific chipsets and drivers are also available - use Tools/PCITool to confirm Vendor and Product IDs - Please let us know any mistakes or any information to be added, to this General Chat list on [https://arosworld.org/ AROS World]


: Brief Timeline

: 2000-12-06 HIDD  first mouse.hidd completed ([http://msaros.blogspot.com/ Michal Schulz])
: 2001-03-31 BOOT  first boot from floppy disk with IDE device 
: 2001-10-30 BOOT  first cd bootable version
: 2002-01-27 HIDD  first pci.hidd added (Michal Schulz)
: 2002-04-13 BOOT  software HDToolBox added ()
: 2003-04-03 HIDD  vesa2.hidd graphic modes added ()
: 2004-03-08 HIDD  new pci and ata (pata) devices worked on (Michal Schulz)
: 2004-03-17 HIDD  nVidia 2D driver appears (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-01-05 AHI   AHI v6 audio system ported (Martin Blom)
: 2005-01-06 AHI   SBLive SoundBlaster Live driver ported (Georg Steger)
: 2005-02-04 AHI   AC97 playback only driver added (Michal Schulz) 
: 2005-06-27 NIC   amiTCP stack ported with 3com, NE2000, prism2 drivers (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2005-08-25 NIC   nForce2 support added (Michal Schulz)
: 2005-12-24 NIC   Intel Pro100 network driver added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2006-03-25 HIDD  ATI radeon 2D driver added (Michal Schulz)
: 2007-03-06 HIDD  vesa 1.0 video driver added (Pavel Fedin) 
: 2007-03-08 HIDD  dospackets and FAT filesystem (Rob Norris) 
: 2007-03-21 HIDD  usb initial commit (Michal Schulz)


: 2007-10-01 BOOT  Installer added (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2007-11-29 PORT  64bit x86 added  (Michal Schulz) 
: 2008-04-12 BOOT  GRUB2 added (Alain Greppin and Nick Andrews)
: 2008-08-26 NIC   RTL8139 added ([http://kalamatee.blogspot.com/ Nick Andrews]) 
: 2008-10-22 PORT  to SAM440ep (ppc) (Michal Schulz)
: 2009-02-25 PORT  to efika (ppc) (Michal Schulz) 
: 2009-05-18 HIDD  poseidon usb2.0 stack ported to AROS (Chris Hodges) 
: 2009-11-18 NIC   RTL8169 network driver arrived (Nick Andrews and [http://pagesperso-orange.fr/franck.charlet/oldnews.html Franck Charlet])
: 2009-12-23 AHI   HDAudio based Atom CPU and netbook audio driver arrived (Davy Wentzler)
: 2010-03-09 BOOT  USB pendrive stick booting available (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2010-05-26 HIDD  Intel GMA900 2D graphics card support (Michal Schulz)
: 2010-09-03 NIC   Wireless PCI based NIC arrived (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2011-04-30 HIDD  Nvidia 2D and 3D nouveau graphics card support (Deadwood) 
: 2011-08-30 HIDD  Radeon 2D enhanced AMD driver arrives (Bearsoft)
: 2011-09-17 NIC   Wireless USB realtek arrives (Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2011-12-09 HIDD  Intel 945G 3D Gallium graphics support (Sami) 


: 2013-02-25 AHI   AC97 VIA 686 audio support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2013-03-31 PORT  early Raspberry PI native support (Nik Andrews) 
: 2014-01-16 AHI   Envy24 audio chipset support (Davy Wentzler and Neil Cafferkey) 
: 2017-02-17 PORT  Symmetric MultiProcessing smp added for x86 64bit (Michal Schulz)
: 2018-10-20 PORT  Big Endian ARM 
: 2021-11-26 NIC   Broadcom 44xx ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2023-01-12 NIC   Nvidia MCP61 ethernet (Neil Cafferkey)
: 2025-11    HIDD  xHCI USB3 and isoc (Nik Andrews)


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Audio Chipsets===

'''If sound beeps in AHI prefs after Music set then some support is there. Select more than one channel for multiple audio streams, set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher and set the volume if not already set. Ensure you set the music unit 0 to 3 which allows the extra features of the audio card like microphone, line-out, etc).''' 


====1996-2000 sb128.audio aka SB16 PCI====

*2021 5.27 

as per CREATIVE's website, the model number is the first two digits on the front and first two digits on the back. my card says CT4810 and 161TK110B 995; this translates to CT4816 as the model. 

The original AudioPCI 3000 card with the ES1370 had a master clock crystal for 44.1 kHz (22.5792 MHz), used an AKM codec (AK4531, non-AC97) and had 4 channel output; Creative later modified the design with a crystal for 48 kHz (24.576 MHz) and Sigmatel AC97 codec (a CT4700 SB128 with a CT5507 chip, AK4531, 22.5792 MHz crystal and TDA7360 speaker power amp). The issue with these cards involved never quite eliminate the effects of resampling on the 64V, it also shows signs of undersized coupling caps. These Ensoniq cards automatically engaged headphone amplifier (with a 4565 opamp). 

Porting involved [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b60abd12967144a844980c422ea9e99c056eabca 40897], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/b7d6511fca6430a63fbaaa390b4f51bf0203a460 40898 configure], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/f51034cd22759a4ec3a2547bddb3a7169d956eaa 40900 bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/4f43fc38e3489ea45d12b7b5ba6fff50b69c5746 40901 further bugs], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d23c78aec75f049484b6916d27b6804ce858bb2c 40913 memory IO fixes], [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/d256860fe3035016952e88d143c6f2611997f2f3 40914 irq fix]. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI 1000 
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
|
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1370 (u?)   AK4531 (u?)
|-
| Ensoniq AudioPCI
| 0x1274
| 0x5000
| 0x00
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
|
|-
| CT4700  Sound Blaster PCI 64 (audioPCI 3000) 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5000
| 0x7c
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works -  opamp JRC4565(u?)  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensoniq_ES1370 es1370] (u?) 
|-
| CT4750 Sound Blaster 64/PCI 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4565-1056W (u1)  stac9708t(u2)  [http://arstechnica.com/civis/viewtopic.php?f=6&amp;t=916891 ct5880-dcq] (u3)  24wc012 (u4) 
|-
| CT4751 (SB128PCI) 
| 0x1274
| 0x8001
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_Blaster#Ensoniq_AudioPCI-based_cards es1371] (u?) 
|-
| CT4810 Creative AudioPCI64V
| 0x1274 
| 0x1371 
| 0x06
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| CT4811 (SB Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4812 (Vibra 128) 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4813 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4815 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4816 es1373 (vibra 128)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested but this card has creative's ES1373 as the main chip(U1). it is also different from the other CT4810 (vibra128) in that it does not have a second chip in U2 position. Also there is only one jumper JP1 (2X3). 
|-
| CT5801 HP 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5803 Gateway 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works  4565-0005b jrc (u1)    4297a-jq ztae0c0002  (u2)    es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT4740
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x08
| {{yes}}
| {{yes}}
| 
|-
| CT5805 Compaq OEM Premier Sound Presario 7  
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - es1373 (u3)
|-
| CT5806  (Sound Blaster AudioPCI 128D)
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested - 4297A-JO EP (u?)  ZTAPWC9933 (u2)   es1373 (u3) 
|-
| CT5807 Dell OEM Dimension 8100 
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested -  es1373 (u?) 
|-
| CT5808
| 
| 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT4730 Sound Blaster AudioPCI 64V Ectiva EV1938
| 0x1102
| 0x8938
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| CT5880 on various motherboards 
| 0x1274 
| 0x5880 
| 
| {{unk}}
| {{unk}}
| untested [http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/mainboards/display/ga-6rx.html Gigabyte GA-6RX] (VIA ApolloPro 266 2001], Gigabyte GA-6VM7-4E mobo, [http://active-hardware.com/english/reviews/mainboard/ga-7vtx.htm Gigabyte GA-7VTX] (KT266 2001), Gigabyte [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vtxh.html GA-7VTXH] (KT266A 2001), [http://www.amdboard.com/gigabytega7vrxp.html Gigabyte 7VRXP] mobo (KT333 2002), MSI MS-6309, MS-6318, MS-6337 (815E Pro), MS-6339 (850Pro) and MS-6340, PCChips Motherboard M571 TXPRO, Soltek SL-65ME+, 
|-
| VMware Virtual Workstation(TM) 
| 0x1274
| 0x1371
| 0x02
| {{Yes|but not Hi-Fi modes}}
| {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;pre&gt;
Revision 0x04 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_A  
Revision 0x06 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_B  

Revision 0x07 = ES1371 REV_CT5880_A  
Revision 0x02 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_C  
Revision 0x03 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_D  
Revision 0x04 = CT5880 REV_CT5880_E  

Revision 0x09 = ES1371 REV_ES1371_B  
Revision 0x00 = EV1938 REV_EV1938_A  
Revision 0x08 = ES1371 REV_ES1373_8  
&lt;/pre&gt;


====1999-2001 via-ac97.audio====

*2021 5.10 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;694X with 686A KT133 PM133 or 693A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} redirects earphones correctly 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying invisible codec used see AC97 section 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686B KT133A with VT8231 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3058
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x50
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}} reroutes ear pieces right 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;audio controller works but depends on the underlying codec used see AC97 section below 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;686C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM266 or KT266 with VT8233, KT266A with VT8233A, VT8233C 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM333 KT333 with VT8235 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x30
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;KM400 KT400 with VT8237, KT600 with VT8237R, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1106
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3059
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x40 0x50 0x60 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====1998-2003 emu10kx.audio - Creative Labs SoundBlaster Live! and Audigy====

*2021 6.5

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| PCI512 CT4790 (emu10k1)
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested (1st Gen)
|-
| Live CT4620 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested             
|-
| Live CT4760 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| playback works
|-
| Live Value CT4670 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| works plays stereo (2nd Gen)
|-
| Live Value DELL CT4780 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x06
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| plays/records stereo - untested 4.1mode
|-
| Live Value Compaq CT4830 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| not working 
|-
| Live Value CT4831 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x07
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{partial|Line-In only}}
| works
|-
| Live Value CT4832 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x08
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works
|-
| Live Value HP CT4870 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| Works
|-
| Live Value Gateway CT4871 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Live! Platinum 5.1 SB0060 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records, untested 5.1 (3rd Gen)
|-
| Live 5.1 SB0100 -SFF
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002 
| 0x00 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Live 5.1 Player SB0220 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| plays audio/records stereo, untested 5.1
|-
| Live 5.1 Digital SB0228 
| 0x1102
| 0x0002
| 0x0a
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| working 
|-
| Audigy SB0090 (emu10k2)
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Audigy SB0230 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1102
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0004
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x03
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Mic only}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;5th Dec 2012 - untested optical tos link. contains also IEEE1394/Firewire (untested)
|-
| Audigy 2 Platinum 6.1 SB0240 SB0250 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{maybe}}
| works 
|-
| Audigy 2 PRO SB0280 EMU10K2.5
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| untested
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0350 
| 0x1102
| 0x0004
| 0x04
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{yes}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Live 5.1 DELL SB0200 SB0203 emu10kx
| 0x1102 
| 0x0006 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| 
|-
| Live 24bit SB0410 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Live 24bit DELL SB0413 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy LS SB0310 
| 0x1102 
| 0x0007 
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy SE 7.1 SB0570
| 0x1102
| 0x0007
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver 
|-
| Audigy 2 ZS SB0320 SB0360 (PRO)
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 2 VALUE SB0400
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 VALUE SB0610
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| Audigy 4 PRO SB0380
| 0x1102
| 0x0008
|
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver
|-
| EMU E-MU 0404 PCI (not USB) EM8852 
| 0x1102 
| 0x000
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no}}
| no driver but linux support needs firmware 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out 
the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 


====2000-2010 cmi8738.audio - C-Media====

*2021 5.20 

;Read [http://amigaworld.net/modules/news/article.php?storyid=2512 more] and imported on [http://repo.or.cz/w/AROS.git/commit/aff741d60160c6a9d7d39c9e004a25ea3aa13847 20th July 2011] and [http://alsa.opensrc.org/Cmipci alsa docs]. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| Audiotrak MAYA EX5 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| cmi8738-sx 4ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested
|-
| e3dx hsp56 CMedia 8738-sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EDio SC3000D 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Genius SoundMaker Value PCI C3DX 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Guillemot Maxi Sound Muse
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse LT
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{no}}
| 
|-
| Hercules Gamesurround Muse XL LT 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Inno audio extreme 5.1 cmi8738/lx pci 6ch 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| M-Audio (Midiman) DiO 2448
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sabrent SBT-SP6C 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| StarTech PCISOUND4CH 8738sx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Sweex SC012 CMI8738-lx 4ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec 5.1 PCI 
| 0x13f6
| 0x0111
| 0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Fun 5.1
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt; {{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt; {{unk}}
| Has SPDIF
|-
| Trust Sound Expert Digital Surround 5.1 (cm8738-mx 6ch) 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Turtle Beach Riviera CMI8738-MX 6ch
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| XSonic CMI 8738 6ch 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision 
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI8738 6ch PCI-E PCI Express version 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x13f6
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0111
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x10
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Chinese based card with playback tested so far 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2001-2005 ac97.audio====

*6.4 27-12-2008 


The AC97 chips were designed to be pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly without motherboard redesigns 

the green jack is for the main speaker pair AND headphones, so manual switching will be required 
If your card is wired for the &quot;AC97&quot; standard, then it's up to your headphone jack to switch the green speaker output in and out, the headphone jack has Normally-closed contacts that will open on insertion, which breaks the signal path back to the sound card (FP_RETURN) 

The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Avance Logic (now Realtek) ALC100 and ALC101 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC200 and ALC201 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC201A and ALC202  and ALC202A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC650 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;most Nforce2 boards plays audio only - Abit NF7, Asus A7N8X, MSI K7N2, Epox 8RDA+, DFI 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC850 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support for via P4P800 chipset on ASUS A8V-E SE Deluxe mobo - ICaros 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC653 codec and ALC655 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Acorp 7NFU400 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Realtek ALC658 codec ALC658D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8080
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x24c5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Prefs Music and Units 0-3 set volume control - playback}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;MSI Motherboard on NB 22-09-2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881 SoundMAX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Analog Devices first AC97 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with VIA Controller - untested Intel etc 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1881B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1885 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Playback only with issues on D845HV but not working on MS-6367 because Units 0-3 have masked volume control 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1886 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1887 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ADI AD1888 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 1.51
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1980 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1981A codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM X30 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Analog Devices SoundMax(TM) AD1981B codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;plays back only on IBM T41 Thinkpad 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1985 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not working ahi prefs freezes on D865GLC mobo ([http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/multimedia/display/int-sound2_3.html ] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1986 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested [http://uk.ts.fujitsu.com/rl/servicesupport/techsupport/Boards/Motherboards/Fujitsu/D1931/D1931.htm D1931] but works (Acer Aspire 3610 laptop) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Crystal Semiconductors CS4205, CS4202 codecs 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalWare 4236 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CrystalClear SoundFusion CS4297 CS4299 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested IBM T23
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;conexant Cx20468-31 codec (id 30)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x103c
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x3085 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|AC97 appears in AHI Prefs}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Tested AspireOS 1.8 on Gateway W322 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESS Technology ES1921 AC'97 2.1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMI 6501 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested on ASROCK SKT-AM2 AM2NF3-VSTA
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9738
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec CMI9739
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI 9739A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; untested on EPoX 8RDA3+ 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;CMedia CMI 9761A codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ASRocK K7NF2-RAID 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;National Semi conductor (now TI) LM4540, LM4543, LM4545, LM4546, LM4548, LM4549, LM4550 LM4560 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;STAC9708T codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel (now IDT) C-Major STAC 9460 (D/A only), 9461, 9462, 9463, 9200, 9202, 9250, 9251, 9220, 9221, 9223, 9750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AKM (Asahi Kasei Microsystems) AK 4540, 4543, 4544A, 4545 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;codec VT1616 (VIA Six-TRAC Vinyl Audio)  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VIA VT1612, VT82C686
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1968 maestro-2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1968
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1978 maestro2e
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1978
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESStech ESS ES1988 maestro3 allegro-1 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x125d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1988
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x12
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Yamaha AC97 ymf-743 YMF752 YMF753 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested ymf-753 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;YMF724 YMF744 YMF-754 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| SIS 7018 / Trident 4dwave DX/NX / ALi 5451
| 0x1039 (0x1023 Trident) 
| 0x7018 (0x2000 Trident DX) (0x2001 Trident NX)
| 0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| no support - introduced early 2000s
|-
| SIS 7012 
| 0x1039
| 0x7012
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working through 1 speaker only took over from SIS7018 (2002 onwards) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM9701, WM9701A (AC'97 1.03 spec), WM9703, WM9704 (AC'97 2.1), WM9705, WM9706, WM9707, WM9708 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;WM9709, WM9710, WM9711, WM9712, WM971 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;first Microsoft(TM) Xbox DAC sound chip (AC Link compliant D/A converter) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM9717 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| Parallels 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| VirtualBox
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No}}
| working
|-
| VirtualPC
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel 82801AA Proxmox 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====2005-20xx HDAUDIO.audio====

*6.36 2025 [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/commit/43b33a9280b10963ca659de2cc3d1cf289b43a87 reset handler] 
*6.35 202  [] 
*6.34 2019 AROS One 1.5 upwards 
*6.29 2018 
*6.27 2017 update
*6.25 2014 used for most Icaros 2.x 
*6.20 July 2012 
*6.17 Nov 2011 
*6.15 Jun 2011
*[http://www.clusteruk.com/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=109 6.13] Sep 2010


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC260 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC262 
* ALC262-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC268 codec
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 Acer AOA110 and AOA150 netbooks), works (Dell Mini Inspiron 9 and 10v, }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 remove QUERY and select 'Mic 1' as input. Tested with 6.15 as well using QuickRecord and AE 4.0.23 under Icaros 1.4.}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;AHI UNITS and Music are set to: hdaudio:HiFi 16 bit stereo++ / Frequency 48000 Hz, Volume +0.0 dB. The hdaudio.config in SYS:Prefs/Env-Archive is WITHOUT the QUERY-line. After changing and saving the config-file turn off and start again the computer. Switch from internal loudspeaker to headphone you must turn off the music before plug in the headphone-cable, otherwise there is no output on the socket. Back from line-out to internal speakers it is the same. 
|-
| [http://blog.foool.net/wp-content/uploads/linuxdocs/sound.pdf Linux docs ALC269] 
* ALC269Q-GR
* ALC269QSRS-GR
* ALC269W-GR 
| 0x 
| 0x
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;TQFP 48 pin Power IC Chip From [https://patchwork.kernel.org/project/alsa-devel/patch/1408118123-15849-1-git-send-email-tiwai@suse.de/ ALC269 &amp; co have many vendor-specific setups with COEF verbs, result in the codec stalling] 
|-
| [http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=0321f8479fd670cd510f9912b1120fe7edcf2e07 ALC269VB] 
* ALC269Q-VB5-GR 
* ALC269Q-VB6-CG 
* ALC269Q-VB6-GR 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100004, 0x100100, 0x100202
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* v1 works Asus eee PC netbook 901/1000HA 1005HA/1008HA, 1001P, 
* v2 maybe working Lenovo S9 S10 S10-2 S10-3 under HDAudio version 6.13
* v3 maybe dell wyse 7010 
|-
| [http://alsa-project.org/db/?f=9c1746c5957b0ce72ff9cfffa312e97d14baf785 ALC269VC aka ALC3202]
* ALC269Q-VC2-GR
* ALC269Q-VC3-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0269
| 0x100203, 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some versions work}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;SMT SMD QFN-48 - 
* v1 unknown
* v2 unknown
* v3 x230, dell wyse, 
|-
| ALC272 
* ALC272-VA4-GR
| 0x10ec
| 0x0272
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works Acer AOD150 and Acer AOD250 works [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33755&amp;forum=28#616910 Samsung NP-NC10], works Samsung NF210-A02] netbooks, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC273 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC270 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC282 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;needs retest 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC660 ALC660-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* works asus F9s, F9e 
* untested asus w7j, M51SN, A6Tc, A8Sr, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC661-GR (2011) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC662 
| 0x1043
| 0x82a1
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|Version 6.17 if QUERY added to top of hdaudio.config}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No|Version 6.17 not working for eee pc 900}}
| 
* works Asus eee PC netbook 700/701/900, Atom 270 and 330 mobos, odd clicks (D410 NM10 PineTrail), 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;[http://outpost.fr/rmaa/ALC663.htm ALC663]  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0861
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|Version 6.13}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not bad output like headphone amp part of the codec actually works well but messed up by undersized coupling capacitors to actually support such a low impedance 
* not working Asus n50vn x71vn, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC665 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC666 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC667
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC668 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC880 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;some 915 and 925 chipset mobos 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC882M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Realtek ALC883 ALC883-GR ALC883D-GR ALC883DTS-GR ALC883DD-GR codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|some early versions work }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2005 to 2007 HD Audio codec untested (Asus ), 
|-
| Codec ALC885 
| 0x10ec
| 0x0885
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC888s
* ALC888S-VD2-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} MSI Wind U90/U100, 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| ALC888b
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested (D510 NM10 Dual Core PineTrail mobo),  
|-
| ALC888-VD
| 0x8086
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested 
|-
| ALC889A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes|works if QUERY added to the top of hdaudio.config in Prefs drawer/directory}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 Gr
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} with crackles 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC889 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Tested with MSI H55 board 
|-
| ALC887 ALC887-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* working on ASUS P5KPL/EPU and Gigabyte GA-E350N-Win8 Rev1.0 
|-
| ALC887-VD-CG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} Subsystem Id: 0x1458a002 
| 
|-
| ALC887-VD 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0887 0x1458
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}} index = 2 
| ALC887 does not have any volume control ability on the mixer NIDs, so put the volume controls on the dac NIDs instead 
* working with intermittent corrupting pop popping skipping stuttering sound issues MSI 760GM-P23 (FX), 
* not working Gigabyte H61MA-D3V, AT3IONT-I Deluxe, 
|-
| ALC887-VD2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 3jacks 
|-
| ALC887-VD2-GR 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC887-
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| ALC892-CG rev
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2011 48-pin LQFP Green package - 
|-
| ALC892 ALC892-DTS-CG rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 2009 introduced 
* works 
* not working 
* untested 
|-
| ALC892 rev 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0892
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x100302
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| 2014 
|-
| Realtek ALC886-GR
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| LQFP-48 
|-
| Codec ALC861 ALC861-VD 
| 0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0663
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
* not working Toshiba Tecra A7 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| ALC898 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC1500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3232 (aka ALC292) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0292
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3234 aka ALC255 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10ec
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0255 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;003
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC3287 aka ALC257
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ALC aka ALC
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1882 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1883 HD Codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1884 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Analog Devices SoundMAX AD1981 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| IBM Thinkpad T60, 
|-
| AD1984 hp-m4 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* audio not working on Lenovo X61, Thinkpad T61, 
|-
| AD1986 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| AD1988
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AD1988A 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4207
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Cirrus Logic CS4208 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Maybe|very very very low volume}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested Fujitsu Amilo SI 1510 1520 no datasheet for the general public 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20549-12Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested HP 530 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20561 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working lenovo x200s
* untested Lenovo Essential G555 Notebook, HP Pavilion dv6700, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20582 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX2059x CX20590 CX20594-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20585 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working Lenovo Thinkpad T410, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20672 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20671 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX20751-21Z codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11852 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant CX11880 codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Conexant after 2015 up to 2018 CX7501 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{no|no driver codec}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Conexant bought by synaptics 2019 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;C-Media CMI9880 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte GA-8GPNXP
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Silicon Labs 3054 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| VIA 1708A
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| untested, 
|-
| VIA VT1708B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| 0x0010
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|VIA PicoITX}} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| VIA 1708S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}  
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;VT2021 10ch
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Gigabyte Z77MX-D3H, GA-H61M-S2H‎ S2P, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Creative CA0110-IBG
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;SigmaTel STAC 9220 9221 9223 8ch (7+1) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;ECS 945GCT/M-1333 (version 3.0), 
|-
| IDT SigmaTec [http://explorer.cekli.com/articles/pdf/hd-audio STAC9227] /28/29/30 codec
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
* works HP Compaq mini 110
* untested HP Pavilion HDX9000 CTO Notebook, Intel DG33TL mobo, Dell E520, Intel DP35DP mobo, Dell E6410 Laptop, 
|-
| IDT (formerly SigmaTel) IDC STAC 9271/71D 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x8384
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7626
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x0002
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 9272 9273 9274 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel D5400XS, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD73C
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;headphones only Asus AT4NM10 mobo 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDT 92HD75B
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x111d
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x7608
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* working [http://koti.kapsi.fi/jvaltane/aros/hdaudio/ HP Compaq Mini 700 Netbook - feedback required]
* untested HP Mini 5103 and 5102, HP Compaq 610, HP ProBook Laptop 4520s 4525s 6450b 6550b 6555b, HP EliteBook 2540p 2740p 8440p, Mobile Workstation 8540w 8740w, Pavilion NoteBook DV8, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD81XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 92HD83XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC STAC 92HD89XX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;IDC 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson (now Cirrus Logic) WM8850 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Wolfson WM8860 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Intel High Definition Audio Revision 1.0. - 4-Channel DAC, 4-channel ADC. - DAC sampling 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Using Prefs/AHI ensure you set the music unit and at least Units 0 (where most audio comes from) in top left drop down menu to HDaudio - HIFI in the section below. Set Units 1 or 2 to microphone or other outputs. Plus allow more than one channel for multiple audio streams and set frequency up to 44 kHz or higher on the right hand side of the ahi prefs. If sound beeps when you press the test button then all should be OK. 

 Output &lt;- Codec &lt;- Audio Controller (HDA) &lt;-&gt; Computer 

codecs and exact hardware identifier. As mentioned above, HDA is only part of the work here, it gets the audio out of the main chipset in digital format (on a bus called I2S). This is not enough, there is another step needed which is routing that I2S signal to the output, converting it to actual audio, amplifying it, etc. This is handled by a separate chip called a &quot;codec&quot;. Sometimes it is initialized by the BIOS, but this is not always the case. 

Most audio drivers are made up of two parts a [http://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/sound/alsa/HD-Audio.txt Controller + a Codec]. The ProductID and VendorID are for the audio controller only - the important additional codec is '''NOT''' so easily identified. 

 Some newer versions of codecs are missing at the moment. 


Things to try if sound not working 

* try to connect something to the audio jack, maybe it is not playing on internal speakers or vice versa 
* make sure you try and select all music units e.g. unit0, unit1.... 
* even if PCI ID's are in Prefs/Env-Archive/HDaudio.config, this doesn't mean it is working, it is the codec that matters 
* it might be internally muted 


&lt;pre&gt;
add debug=memory to grub boot line - continue booting with F10 
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Bifteck &gt; RAM:audio.txt
&lt;/pre&gt;

or 

&lt;pre&gt;
Open a shell 
Tools/Debug/Sashimi &gt; RAM:audio.txt
Run ahi prefs
Click test tone button 
Stop sashimi with Ctrl-C 
&lt;/pre&gt;

If the boot sound is enabled, you have to use Bifteck to capture AHI debug output. In the GRUB menu, press E on your selected entry, then add &quot;debug=memory&quot; to the options (alongside ATA=, vesa= etc.). Then F10 or Ctrl-X to boot. Once booted, run Tools/Debug/Bifteck again. 

or 

* try adding QUERYD to the start of ENVARC:hdaudio.config file (also known as Prefs/Env-Archive/) ie. on the first line 
* '''OR''' try removing QUERY and QUERYD from the start of the hdaudio.config file 
* Reboot
* open a shell
* type: sys:tools/debug/sashimi &gt; ram:debug.txt
* open ahi prefs
* select one of the audio modes - HIFI or otherwise 
* press the 'test sound' button
* press ctrl-c in the shell
* post the results to Aros-World


The HD Audio standard was designed to be hardware pinout interchangeable so that the sound support could change easily and quickly. HDA is a standard around particular chips. Each kind of chip has a certain number of DACs and pins, and even the same chip could be hooked up in different ways on different motherboards. The chips are programmable and the operating system can adjust how things are routed. Some pins aren’t even hooked up, so it makes no sense to route sound to them. Also some pins have sensors that can tell when something is plugged in, so that for example the speakers in a laptop can be muted when headphones are plugged in. Pins are also grouped, so for example all the outputs for a 5.1 sound system are grouped. Generally the HDA driver in the operating system is supposed to read the pin set up and figure out a reasonable way to set things up, and disconnected pins should be ignored, etc. 

HDAudio standard has headphones on a separate DAC, and it's up to the driver.. it can even send different audio to the headphones without interrupting the main (green) outputs 


====Envy24 series ====

A little history. VIA bought the ICE created Envy chipsets [http://www.via.com.tw/en/products/audio/controllers/comparison_controller.jsp VT1712] first. A few years later, they created several cheaper variants VT1724 (mixer missing), VT1721 (low end cut down), VT1720 (embedded on motherboard) and lastly the VT1723 (no support apart from Windows Envy24DT like SYBA SD-PEX63034). 

There are PCI Express versions appearing. 

The Envy24 is the base product that was originally designed by ICEnsemble, and it supports multi-channel hardware mixing, which is great for professional use. The HT version removes the hardware mixer (unimportant for non-professional uses). The [http://www.avsforum.com/t/364771/envy24ht-s-the-definitive-source HT-S] version is almost exactly the same as the HT, it just uses cheaper DACs. The PT version is exactly the same as the HT-S version, it is just the edition used for on-board audio on motherboards.

N.B. [http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/dec04/articles/pcnotes.htm PCI slot identification] and [http://hsi.web.cern.ch/HSI/s-link/devices/s32pci64/slottypes.html 3.3v PCI]. 


=====[http://www.opensound.com/readme/README.Envy24.html envy24.audio] - [http://www.anime.net/~goemon/alsa/ VT1712] =====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Playback
! Recording
! Comments
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 - Rev B 1999 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested AK4524VF CS8404A-CS - needs Delta Series break out box with D-sub lead - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev A 2000
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk| }}
| works audio out on   - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles/maudioaudiophile/index.html Audiophile 2496] Rev B 2003
| 0x14
| 0x
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| works well - I2S stereo codec AKM AK4528VF with the 24bit/96kHz DAC and ADC; CS8427 digital transceiver 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 410 - 2001  2001 REV-B 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  for D-A AK4529VQ converters with CS8427-CS 5532 1158B  or Event Echo Gina 20-Bit Multitrack Interface Breakout Box - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested  AK5383 and AK4393 - 25 pin dsub - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 1010LT 1010E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested for D-A AK4529 converters with 2 XLR Microphone inputs with pre amps 
* be aware of redesign in 2007 - possible issues 
|-
| M Audio Delta 44 - Rev A 2002 - Rev B 2003 - Rev D 2003 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested ICE1712G AK4524VF needs breakout box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| M-Audio Delta 66 Rev E 2006 - Omni Studio 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested needs break out box with 15 pin D-sub lead - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;M-Audio Delta DiO 2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Terratec EWX24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratecdmx6fire/index.html TerraTec 6fire DMX 24/96] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1412
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1712
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x02
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No|tried line 1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| untested  - AKM  and codec
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWSA88MT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://lists.freebsd.org/pipermail/freebsd-multimedia/2007-March/006087.html Audiotrak Prodigy HD2] 24/96
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Maya 1010 1010L
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1212M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| EMU 1616M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Terratec EWS 88MT EWS 88D
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Hoontech Soundtrack DSP 24
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Value
    Soundtrack DSP 24 Media 7.1
    Event Electronics EZ8
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Digigram VX442
    Lionstracs
    Mediastation
    Terrasoniq TS 88
    Roland/Edirol DA-2496
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


=====envy24ht.audio - VIA VT1724=====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Revision 
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Playback
! width=&quot;10%&quot; |Recording
! width=&quot;35%&quot; |Comments
|-
| ESI Juli@
| 0x3031
| 0x4553
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Yes}}
| reported working years ago [http://envy24.svobodno.com/ Envy24HT-S] - AKM 4358 DAC - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ESI Juli@ Ego Igo rev K 
| 0x3031
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{Unk}}
| AK4358? DAC - AK4114 AK4112 DIT 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-revolution51.html M-Audio Revolution 5.1] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3631
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| reported working years ago but discontinued - (Envy24GT) - 3ch AKM 4358 DAC - ADC AKM 5365 - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/m-audio-revolution71/index.html M-Audio Revolution 7.1] 24/192
| 0x1412
| 0x3630 0x1724 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - illegal semaphore - 6ch ADC AKM AK4355 24-bit 192 kHz - 2ch DAC AKM AK4381 24-bit 192 kHz - ADC AKM AK5380 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Sky 5.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1147
| 0x
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - discontinued 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/terratec-aureon71/index.html Terratec Aureon Space 7.1] 
| 0x153b
| 0x1145
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Wolfson WM8770 DAC, AC'97 codec SigmaTel STAC9744 
|-
| Terratec Aureon Universe 7.1
| 0x153b
| 0x1153 (rev x) 0x1724 (rev3)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }}
| not working - semaphore error on rev 3 -  DAC    ADC  
|-
| Terratec Phase 22
| 0x153b
| 0x1150
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| Terratec Phase 28
| 0x153b
| 0x1149 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| untested - Envy24HT-S - AK4524
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Playback 
| Recording
| Revision 
| Comments
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1
| 0x4933
| 0x4553
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8770 and AC'97 SigmaTel STAC9744 codec 
|-
| Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 7.1 LT
| 0x3132
| 0x4154
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - 
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/sound/audiotrak-prodigy192.html Audiotrak (ESI) Prodigy 192] 24/96
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - STAC9460S codec 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Echo Layla 24/96 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| [http://www.bit-tech.net/custompc/labs/80752/hercules-gamesurround-fortissimo-4.html Hercules Gamesurround Fortissimo 4] 
| 
| 
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Wolfson WM8776 Codec and WM8766 DAC
|-
| [http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/multimedia/m-audio-audiophile192.html M-Audio Audiophile Delta AP 192k] 
| 0x1412
| 0x3632
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver - Stereo ADC AKM AK5385A 24-bit 192 kHZ - 8-channel DAC AKM AK4358 24-bit 192 kHz - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| ONKYO SE-150PCI
| 0x160b
| 0x0001
| 
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| no driver
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ESI Waveterminal 192x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quartet 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - AKM 4114/4112 DIT 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====hdmiaudio.audio - hdmi no support====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| Playback
| Recording
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI R6xx HDMI Audio codec support output 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002 
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x9840 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Not detected 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVidia HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel Series 6 CougarPoint HDMI codec 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Intel HDMI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Playback--&gt;
| &lt;!--Recording--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


===Graphic GFX Chipsets===

[https://gallium.readthedocs.io/en/latest/systems.html PCIe based] graphic chipset is defacto on 64bit AROS and recommended on 32bit. 

AGP works on 32bit but faster transfers through the AGP slot are only available on a few supported motherboard chipsets 
* Faster AGP Working = SIS 650 board, Intel 865pe AGP slot on MSI 6788-050, 
* Not Supported = NForce2 chipsets, most Intel 815/820 chipsets, VIA chipsets, ALi chipsets, 

The fallback for all graphics modes is vesa if any native support does not work. There is a choice of very low resolution vga as the last resort 


2D tests performed with [http://download.aros3d.org/software/gfxbench.zip gfxbench] in the shell type gfxbench &gt; out.txt (40 seconds blank screen is part of the test), via FreeDoom via limit-removing engine like odamex, chocolate or vanilla doom -timedemo demo1 or doom2 -timedemo demo1, doom.exe -iwad doom2 -file mymap.wad, Duke DNRATE 640x480 windowed 


3D tests performed with Demos/Mesa/ , Cube 1080p, Cube 2 windowed not fullscreen 1920 x 1025, Quake3 ~ cl_drawFPS 1, Xonotic , [http://shinh.skr.jp/sdlbench/showtestgl.cgi test gl], 


HDMI, DVI and DisplayPort monitors have a native resolution of 480p, 720p, 1080i, 1080p and up 

&lt;pre&gt;
HDMI (licensing fee)
1.2 720p res. 
1.3 1080 resolution 
1.4  4K @ 30Hz
2.0  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  48Gbs for 4K @ 120Hz, 8K @ , VRR, etc 
2.2 ultra96 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
DisplayPort (VESA introduced) 

1.4  4K @ 60Hz
2.1  96Gbs for 4K @ 240Hz, 8K @ 120Hz. MST daisy chain multiple monitors, 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
GPMI chinese standard 

2.0

&lt;/pre&gt;


*OpenGL4 must have 64-bit floating point FP64 math support. The last revision opengl 4.6 (2017) on [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/AMDGPU AMDGPU] RX 5000's / 6000s ([https://forum.batocera.org/d/7491-enable-opengl-46-and-vulkan-for-an-old-radeon-video-card RDNA] and Nvidia RTX might come to AROS) but Intel UHD, Iris Plus or Xe or Arc will not unless a developer wants the challenge - [https://docs.mesa3d.org/relnotes/20.0.0.html#mesa-20-0-0-release-notes-2020-02-19 Mesa 20.0.0] implements the OpenGL 4.6 API, but the version reported by glGetString(GL_VERSION) or glGetIntegerv(GL_MAJOR_VERSION) / glGetIntegerv(GL_MINOR_VERSION) depends on the particular driver being used and may report a lower version depending on each driver. Mesa 20.0.0 implements the Vulkan 1.2 API, but the version reported by the apiVersion property of the VkPhysicalDeviceProperties struct depends on the particular driver being used. 
*OpenGL3 last revision 3.3 (2011) 

*OpenGL2 nvidia-nouveau on Aros 32bit, 
*OpenGL1 intel gma950 on Aros 32bit and 64bit, 


====vga.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| Generic VGA Driver, limited to 640x480 in 16 colours - no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====vesa.hidd====
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! Comments
|-
| 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| 2D support for VBE1, VBE2 and VBE3 (most cards) - various resolutions and 24bit colour -  no 3D support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


[[#top|...to the top]]


====[[w:en:Intel GMA|Intel GMA]]====

DVI output is not supported at the moment. 

If having problems:

* Ensure the latest version is being used. 
* Set GMA_MEM to 128 or 256 to test 
* Try the FORCEGMA ToolType for 2D, and try the FORCEGALLIUM ToolType for 3D acceleration after 2D is verified to work. ToolTypes should be applied to the Devs/Monitors/IntelGMA monitor icon.

If still having problems:

* At GRUB boot screen edit boot line and add option: debug=memory
* Boot.
* Use shell command: tools/debug/bifteck &gt; RAM:debug.txt
* And post [GMA MONITOR DETECTION] and other related debug lines 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Product ID
! width=&quot;3%&quot; |Rev
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; |Laptop LCD
! width=&quot;30%&quot; |Comments
|-
| 910GL 82910GL GMCH + ICH6 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| 910GML 82910 GML GMCH + ICH6 Mobile 
| 0x8086
| 0x2582 0x2592
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| may need to add forceGMA to grub boot line to work 
|-
| 915G 82915G GMCH + ICH6-M
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GL 82915GL GMCH 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| 915GV 82915GV GMCH
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| HP DC5100 small form factor 
|-
| 915GM GMA900
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel  gearbox  }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| asus eee pc 900 
|-
| 915GMS 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk|  tunnel   }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| [http://www.notebookcheck.net/Intel-Graphics-Media-Accelerator-950.2177.0.html 945GU] - 133 MHz (Lake port for Intel A100 and A110) 
| 0x8086
| 0x2772
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Fujitsu LifeBook U1010, 
|-
| 945GMS - 166 MHz / 250 MHz (1.05V) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27a2
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}}
| Dell D430 
|-
| 945GSE - 166 MHz (for Atom) 
| 0x8086
| 0x27ae
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|[http://www.x.org/wiki/GalliumStatus]}}
| {{Yes}}
| {{No|dvi port}}
| {{Yes| }}
| for atom motherboards and most 2008/2009 netbooks
* 3D Works - AOA110 AOA150, Dell Mini 9, Samsung NC10, Toshiba NB100, 
|-
| 945G 82945G GMCH + ICH7
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945GC 82945GC MCH
| 0x8086
| 0x27a6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| untested 2D and 3D 
|-
| 945PM 
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| Dell D420, Compaq nc6400, 
|-
| 945GMS - 250 MHz Calistoga
| 0x8086
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; {{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; {{Yes|most models}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| 
* 3D Works Dell Latitude 2100, HP Compaq nc6320, Lenovo 3000, Lenovo T60, Samsung Q35, Dell D620, Dell D820, 
* 3D untested Toshiba Satellite L100-120, Toshiba Portege M400,  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Analogue Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital Output--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GMA 3100 G31 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| GMA 3100 G33 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D 
|-
| [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_GMA GMA 3150] netbooks and nettops 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works 2D but no 3D. no vga, dvi or hdmi output for nettops 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; G965
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; Q965 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2992
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Only tested with VGA output.
|-
| 965GM X3100 (500 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| some support 2D but no hardware 3D - could not get it to work with VGA or dvi output 
* untested Apple MacBook Air, Lenovo Thinkpad X300, Dell Inspiron 1525, Toshiba M9, 
|-
| 960GM X3100 (400 MHz)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| 
|-
| 965M X3100 (400 MHz) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Dell D830, 
|-
| 965PM ??
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| Toshiba A9 works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GL965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GM965
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| GMA X3500 G35 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;X4500M G41 G43 G45 (400Mhz) Mobile 4 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42 0x2a43
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x07
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; {{No|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt; {{Yes| VESA}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4500M HD (533 MHz)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GMA 4700M HD (640MHZ)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt; 0x8086
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt; 0x2a42
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{Unk}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works with limited 2D acceleration but no hardware 3D 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====[http://nouveau.freedesktop.org/wiki/FeatureMatrix nouveau].hidd (nvidia pci, agp, pci-e desktop)====

 PCIe based nvidia graphics (gfx 8xxx) are the base level for 64bit AROS but earlier models still has some support on 32bit AROS 

*Desktop, more likely hit rather than miss on early nvidia on Aros 32bit but on Aros 64bit ...
*Laptop, limited support for '''very''' early non-optimus (i.e. just Nvidia gfx only so no Intel and nvidia gfx combinations on 32bit but on 64bit ...) 

Please note that the nouveau project is reverse engineering a nvidia graphics driver but takes time because of [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/ nVidia's closed firmwares], etc

* 202
* 2026-07 - DEVS  Nouveau.hidd  Gallium.hidd  Softpipe - LIBS  Gallium  GLU   20.0 Mesa OpenCL
* 2011-10 - DEVS  6.11 Nouveau.hidd  7.4 Gallium.hidd  9.4 Softpipe - LIBS  2.3 Gallium  1.3 GLU  19.0 Mesa OpenCL 1.x 
* 2011-04 - DEVS  5.31 Nouveau.hidd  7.3 Gallium.hidd  9.3 Softpipe - LIBS  2.2 Gallium  1.1 GLU  18.0 Mesa OpenCL n/a


Nouveau support for AROS is limited to OpenGL 2.1 compliance on 32bit even for modern GL4 capable GPUs but on 64bit ...
 On Aros 32bit OpenCL supports the NV50 (8000 9000) cards, less support in NVC0 fermi cards (300 upwards) 
 On Aros 64bit 

ADoom3 graphic details ultra, benchmark while playing press the &quot;`&quot; key and type &quot;Timedemo demo1&quot; in the console 

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|-
| NV50 Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98) ||  ||  || ||  ||  ||  
|-
| Gigabyte 8500GT 256M || 42,6 || 57,2 || 68,6  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) Geforce 9500GT 512M || 43 || 53 || 57  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV96 (G96) 9600GT ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA3 (GT215) GT240 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA5 (GT216) Palit GT220 Sonic 512M || 39,7 || 55,8 || 63,7  ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) gt210 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVA8 (GT218) ION2 || 38,4 || 53,9 || 61,7 || Not Detected || Not Detected || Not Detected 
|-
| NVC3 (GF106) GT440 GTS 450 ||  ||  ||   ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVCF (GF116) NVC0 Fermi GTX 550Ti or GTS 450 v2 ||  ||  ||  ||  ||  || 
|-
| NVC8 (GF110) 580GTX || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE0 Kepler GT630 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE6 (GK106) Kepler GTX660 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NVE7 (GK107) GTX 650 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  || 
|-
| NV110 Maxwell GTX 750 || N/A || N/A || N/A ||  ||  ||
|-
| NV126 (GM206) GTX950 upwards no reclocking || N/A || N/A || N/A || poor || poor || poor
|-
| NV160 family (Turing) GTX 1650 and RTX 2000 upwards with GSP firmware  || N/A || N/A || N/A || unknown || unknown || unknown  
|-
| HostGL Ryzen 5 4600H - Nvidia 1650 - Linux mint 21.1 || N/A || N/A || N/A || 150fps || 154fps || 155fps 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Graphic Card
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 32bit 640 x 480
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 1024 x 768
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 800 x 600
| width=&quot;5%&quot; | Aros 64bit 640 x 480
|}


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt1 (nv04) tnt2 (nv05) m64 value (1998)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|very slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV04 Riva TNT TNT2 Fahrenheit freezes on via motherboard chipset so rename agp.hidd in SYS:Devs/Drivers or Monitors 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;tnt vanta lt (nv06)  1998 /9
| 0x10de
| 0x002c
| 0x15
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}  
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 256 (nv10) (2000)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| untested Geforce256 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 2 Geforce 3 Geforce 4 (nv20) 2000 / 2
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|slow }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works for some PCI and AGP Geforce2 Geforce3 Geforce4  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce FX5200 nv34 (2003)
| 0x10DE
| 0x0322 0x
| 0xA1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|  }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV30 GeForce 5 FX Rankine Hardware OpenGL 1.5 - slower than GF MX 4000 for 2D - max 1024 x768 
* not working [https://eab.abime.net/showthread.php?t=92328&amp;page=8 mobos with VIA chipsets 2018] 
* working (MSI 0x9174) the previous nouveau 5.x driver 
* Others work with 6.x series XFX PV-T34K-NA, ASUS V9520-X/TD 
|-
| Geforce FX5500 (nv34) (2003)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| Geforce 5100 (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX 5200LE (NV34)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5200 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5600 (nv31) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| works 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600 Ultra
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600SE
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5600XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce FX5700 (nv36) (2004)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}} 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700VE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5700LE 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 (NV30)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5800 Ultra (NV30) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 (NV35) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900XT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5900ZT 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce FX 5950 Ultra 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 5xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F3 0x014F 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| use 5.28}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15 and s-video - plain 4pin cable lead will work with 7pin}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| NV40 GeForce 6 GeForce 7 Curie AGP Hardware OpenGL 2.1  needing previous 5.x version as regression arose 2011-10 
|-
| Geforce 6200 (nv44a) (2006)
| 0x
| 0x0221
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|5.28 Pixel Text }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|VGA15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Hardware OpenGL 2.1, PCI version tested OK in 2014-01-02 - Icaros 1.5.2
* not working 
*working
|-
| GeForce 6200 with Turbo Cache (NV43) 
| 0x
| 0x0161
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| GeForce 6200SE with Turbo Cache (NV44) 
| 0x
| 0x0162
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| Geforce 6200 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x0163
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| PCI-E 
|-
| GeForce 6600 LE
| 0x
| 0x00F4 0x0142 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 
| 0x
| 0x00F2 0x0141
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 2006 PureVideo HD 1 or VP1 re-used the MPEG-1/MPEG-2 decoding pipeline from FX
|-
| Geforce 6600gt (nv4x) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x00F1 0x0140
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  OpenGL tests - 
|-
| Geforce 6800 (nv40) (2005)
| 0x
| 0x0041 0x00C1 0x00F0 0x0211 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 XE (NV4x)
| 0x
| 0x0043 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 LE 
| 0x
| 0x0042 0x00C2 0x0212 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GT (quadro fx 1400)
| 0x
| 0x0045 0x0046 0x0215
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800 GS
| 0x
| 0x0047 0x00C0 0x00F6
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6800 GTS NV40 
| 0x
| 0x0040 0x0F9 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6800XT
| 0x
| 0x0044 0x0048 0x00C3 0x0218
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6600 VE  
| 0x
| 0x0143
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6500 NV44 
| 0x
| 0x0160 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6250 
| 0x
| 0x0169 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 6xxx 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 7800 GTX 
| 0x
| 0x0090 0x0091 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel  gearbox  cube  cube2 25}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 256MB DDR3 - 1 6pin psu connector - 
* not working asus en7800gtx/2dhtv/256m/osp/a - 
* Works XFX PV-T70F-UDD7 Works in steve jones' scrap pc aros build 2010 2 DVI-I ports 
* Untested 
|-
| GeForce 7800 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0092
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7600gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x
| 0x02E0 0x0391
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 2.1 
* not working 
* working 
|-
| GeForce 7800 SLI  
| 0x
| 0x0095 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GTX  
| 0x
| 0x0290
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GT GTO  
| 0x
| 0x0291
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0292
| 0x0a1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* Works with a few glitches with XFX Pine 0x2218 
|-
| GeForce 7950 GX2  
| 0x10de
| 0x0293 0x0294
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7950 GT  
| 0x
| 0x0295 0x02E4
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7900 GS  
| 0x
| 0x02E3
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x02E1 0x0392
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7650 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0390
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7600 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0394 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7800GS (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0093 0x00F5 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works if AGP motherboard chipset is supported - Hardware OpenGL 2.1 
|-
| GeForce 7100 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x016A
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7350 LE 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7300le (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x01D1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7300SE 7200GSGF-7200GS-N-B1 variant (G72) 
| 0x10de 
| 0x01D3
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 40W pci-e 1.0 VP1 no unified shaders - 
* not working Asus on via chipset (2015), 
* works Asus on intel chipset (2015), 
|-
| Geforce 7300gt (G8 ) (nv4 ) (2006) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0395 0x0393
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 7300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DF 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 7500 LE  
| 0x10de
| 0x01DD
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce 7xxx 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 8800 Ultra (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0194
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV50 GeForce 8 to GeForce 200s opengl 3.x - max res - 80nm technology - PureVideo HD 2 or VP2 Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set A (absent from ultra and some 8800gt?) added a dedicated bitstream processor (BSP) and enhanced video processor for H.264, VC-1 acceleration 
|-
| Geforce 8800gts (nv50) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0400 0x0600 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2007 200w openGL3  openCL - 2x6pin psu 
* not working 0x0193 models (2015) on via chipsets, 
* works 
|-
| Geforce 8800gtx (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 200W 1x 6pin connector, 
* not working 
* working 
* untested XFX PV-T88P-YDF4, Alpha Dog Edition runs extremely hot - Gigabyte GV-NX88T512H, 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0602 0x0611 0x0193 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;DVI up to 2500 x 1600
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - 6pin psu power connector required
* not working 
* untested Asus EN8800GT/HTDP/256M EN8800GT/HTDP/512M EN8800GT/G/HTDP/512M 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GT (G92)
| 0x10de
| 0x0611 
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3 pci-e 2.0 8800GT 512MB on Icaros 2.0.3 [[File:8800GT aros heads.png|thumb|8800GT]] [[File:8800GT aros tails.png|thumb|8800GT detail]]
|-
| Geforce 8600gt (nv5 ) (G8x) (2007) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0401 0x0402 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| GeForce 8500 GT G86 based chipset 
| 0x10de
| 0x0421
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes|32bit and 64bit}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL tests - max opengl 3.x but 2.1 offered on Aros 32bit and 
* works Gigabyte 8500 GT, 
* not working 
|-
| GeForce 8800 GS 	
| 0x10de
| 0x0606 0x060D 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| GeForce 8600GS 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.x VP3 offers complete hardware-decoding for all 3 video codecs of the Blu-ray Disc format: MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 - Nvidia VDPAU Feature Set B  
|-
| GeForce 8300 GS  
| 0x10de
| 0x0423
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs G98GS (end 2007)    GT218 (2009)
* Rev2 with 8/16 cores and 128-512MB of DDR2 or GDDR3 memory. 
* Rev3 with 8 cores and 512MB-1GB of DDR3 memory (based on Tesla 2.0) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0424 0x0422 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works digital part of DVI but nothing from any display port}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output, supporting up to one 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G98 VP3 pci-e 2.0 512MB DDR2 - 
* not working 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/P/512M PCIe (G98), 
|-
| Geforce 8400gs (nv50) (G86) (mid-2007)
* Rev1 with 16 cores / 256MB of DDR2 memory. 
| 0x10de
| 0x0404 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|Doom  Doom2  Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| tunnel 490 gearbox 505 Cube 135 Cube2 55  quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|works but not tested thru 4 pins of analog signal of DVI plug}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|output on digital 24 pin array of DDWG's DVI and hdmi}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 50W openGL 3.1 openCL - case single slot - one single-link DVI digital output up to 1920x1080 resolution display - analog resolution 640 x 480 to 1024 x 768 16 and 24 bit color - [http://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&amp;item=nouveau_comp_2011&amp;num=19 runs a little hotter than expected] - G86 VP2 128MB - 
* not working XFX PV-T86S-YAJG NVIDIA GeForce 8400 GS 512MB DDR2, Sparkle 8400GS 512MB SX84GS512D2L-DPP, 
* works Asus EN8400GS SILENT/HTP/256M SILENT/HTP/512M/A, 
|-
| GeForce 8400 SE  
| 0x10de
| 0x0420
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 2.x openCL 
|-
| NVidia Quadro NVS290 DMS-59 
| 0x10de
| 0x0403
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 socket}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|DMS-59 }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2008 21W - G86S (G86-827-A2) - 16 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs. NVIDIA has paired 256 MB DDR2 - PCIe 1.0 x16 Low Profile - 
|-
| Geforce Quadro FX 4600 (SDI), 5600 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA 2d}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| GeForce 9800 GX2 (NV50 family) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0604
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Partial|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Partial| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}} 
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 150w - 65nm technology 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX 
| 0x10de
| 0x0612
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 2x6pin psu - 
* not working xfx on via chipset (2015),  
* works xfx on chipset intel , 
|-
| GeForce 9800 GTX+ 
| 0x10de
| 0x0613
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res 2560 x 1920 - case dual slot - 26amp 12v rail on computer psu if 2x6pin connectors needed - 55nm version of the G92 chip - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* works on a few models 
|-
| Geforce 9800gt (nv50) (G92a) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0614
| 0x0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 495  gearbox 513  Cube 156  Cube2 120   Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.1  openCL 1.x - case dual slot - 600w 26amp on both 12v rails for 2x6pin psu on gfx card - no fan control - some come with 1x6pin - renamed version of the venerable GeForce 8800 GT - randomly works 
* not working Gainward 512M untested 
* working Gainward CardExpert (0x0401) Green Edition NE39800TFHD02-PM8D92 1024MB (no 6pin) 
|-
| Geforce gf9600 9600gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0622
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel 493  gearbox 675  Cube  Cube2 100  Quake3  }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; OpenGL 3.2 openCL but no fan control - case dual slot - 1 6pin pcie psu connector - 500 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 26 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - g96 gpu randomly works - 
* not working  bfg tech ocx, 
* works gigabyte gv-n96tsl-512i -
|-
| Geforce gf9500 9500gt (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x10de
| 0x0640
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2 Duke  }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel 480  gearbox 500  Cube  Cube2 64  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.2 - case single slot - 350 Watt/400 Watt or greater power supply with a minimum of 18 Amp/22 Amp on the +12 volt rail - Max Analog: 2048x1536 and Max Digital: 2560x1600 (Dual Link DVI Only) - PCI Express® 2.0 / 1.1 Support - 
* not working zotac zone fanless, Gainward USA NE29500THHD01-PM8796, PNY G9500GN2E50X+0TE, 
* works xfx xne-9500t-td01-pm8596 1024mb ddr2,  
|-
| GeForce 9600 GS 
| 0x
| 0x0623
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working  
* works 
|-
| GeForce 9600 GSO 
| 0x
| 0x0610
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res - G92 chopped down - 9600GSO is re-badged 8800GS both very power hungry cards - 
|-
| GeForce 9300 GS 	
| 0x
| 0x06E1 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt; 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9400 GT  (nv5 ) (G86S) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA, 1x S-Video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|1x DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 50W opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| Geforce 9xxx   (nv5 ) (G9x) (2008) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 opengl 3.x - max res 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro FX 580 G96 chipset 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
NV84 (G84) 	GeForce 8600 (GT, GTS, M GT, M GS), 8700M GT, 
NV92 (G92) 	GeForce 8800 (GT, GS, GTS 512, M GTS, M GTX)
GeForce 9600 GSO, 9800 (GT, GTX, GTX+, GX2, M GT, M GTX)
NV96 (G96) 	GeForce 9400 GT, 9500 (GT, M G), 9600 (M GS, M GT), 
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA0 (GT200) Tesla GeForce GTX (260, 275, 280, 285, 295)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 280 (NV50 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E1
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; opengl 3.x - max res PureVideo HD 4 (Nvidia Feature Set C or &quot;VDPAU Feature Set C), VP4 added hardware to offload MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile (original DivX and Xvid) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 260
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x05E2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{partial|Vesa}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;  2 6pin - psu pci express 2.1 - 
|-
| Geforce GTS250 250GTS (g92b) (2009)  
| 0x10de
| 0x0615
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|  Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 486  gearbox 508-642  Cube   Cube2 80   Quake3 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; 2x6pin psu VP2 - pci-e 2.x - case dual slots - 738m 1gb ddr3 - 
* not working Zotac branded version GDDR3 - 
* works  PNY gs-250x-zdfl and Gigabyte ??, BFG Tech RGTS2501024OCE, palit ne3ts250fhd52-pm8a92 with 2x6pin on top and hdmi output port, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 240 (GT215 family) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0ca3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|use VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;late 2009 openGl 3.2 - case dual slots - no 6pin psu required with VP4 - All are pcie 2.1 cards and may not work in 1.0a slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 with 512MB or 1GB - 
* DDR5 -Asus ENGT240 - XFX Pine GT240XYHFC 0x3001 - Gigabyte GV-N240D5-512I rev 1.0 - Zotac AMP! with HDMI 1.3a with DisplayPort 1.1, Dual Link DVI - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT220 (GT216) G220 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a20
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; Icaros 2.0.3 GeForce GT220 1GB[[File:GT220 aros heads.png|thumb|GT220]][[File:GT220 aros tails.png|thumb|GT220]]
* untested NVIDIA Quadro® 400 512MB DDR3 GT216 DP DVI, AFox AF220 1Gb DDR3, 
|-
| Geforce GT220 220GT G94 Tesla (g92b)
| 0x10de
| 0x0a20
| 0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|  tunnel 490 gearbox 505 cube 150 cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI but not 1x HDMI }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 58W pci express 2.0 cards DDR3 - case single slot - 
* not working ASUS ENGT220/DI/1GD2(LP)/V2 - 
* works  - gainward card expert 0x0401 GDDr3 512MB - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT210 GT 210 210GT G210 based on Tesla 2.0 GT218S GT218-300-A2 variant, GT218-300-B1 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0a65
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk|1x DVI, 1x VGA}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI out works but not hdmi or 1x DisplayPort}} 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 31W OpenGL 3.3  pci-e 2.0 cards - single slot - 
* working GT218 based Asus EN210 based silent low profile large passively cooled - 
* untested MSI GeForce 210 1GB DDR3 PCIe N210-MD1GD3H/LP, 
* not working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia ION2 9400M class (GT218) Tesla 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS 295 (256 MB GDDR3), NVS 450 (256M/512 MB DDR3) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{partial|2 or 4 dp ports}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 25w low performance - G98s with 8 shading units, 4 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 1.0 x16 - 
*not working some NVIDIA Quadro NVS 295 2 dp ports (DELL, HP), 
*working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT310 Tesla 310, 315, GT 320, GT 330 GT 340
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 50w OpenGL 3.3  openCL all similar in performance to GT2xx except gt31x (poor) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro NVS310 NVIDIA NVS 310
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt; 2 dp 
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 25w GF119S (GF119-825-A1) 48 shading units, 8 texture mapping units, and 4 ROPs on PCI-Express 2.0 x16 - 512 MB DDR3 - PureVideo VP5 VDPAU Feature Set D - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt; GTX 470, GTX 480   GF10 GF10* core (NVC0 family)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 215w 2x6 plugs - NVC0 family (Fermi) GF100 (GF100-275-A3) Fermi 448 shading units, 56 texture mapping units, and 40 ROPs with 1,280 MB GDDR5 - up to OpenGL4.5 OpenCL1.1  Tessellation - case dual slots - 
|-
| Geforce GTX460 460GTX (G104) 256bit, 1GB v2 192bit and GTX 465 
| 0x10de
| 0x0e22
| 0xa1 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel  gearbox  cube 055-111   cube2 50}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVC0 family (Fermi) up to OpenGL 4.x but  - 2x6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working evga 768MB GDDR5 192bit 01G-P3-1373-ER or 01G-P3-1372-TR
* works 1GB GDDR5 256bit 01G-P3-1371-ER 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GTX 460SE 192bit 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0e23
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x91 or 0xa1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 - 2 6pin psu needed - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works EVGA 01g-p3-1366-b6 et 1024MB p1041 - 
|-
| Geforce GT450 GTS450 450GTS GF106  
| 0x10de
| 0x0dc4
| 0x0a1
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| Doom  Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|  tunnel  gearbox  cube   cube2 50  Quake3 }} 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI  }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
|  2010 Hardware up to OpenGL 4.2 but nouveau set at 3.3  - most need 1x 6pin psu - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* DDR3 1 or 2GB - Palit NEAS450NHD41F, 
* GDDR5 512Mb or 1GB - MSI MPN N450GTSM2D1GD5OC, Asus MPN ENGTS450DI1GD5, 
* works Gainward Card Expert NE5S4500FHd51, 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 440 GF108 chipset or better OEM GF106  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 up to openGl 4.1 opencl 1.x - no 6 pin psu - 96 cuda cores 128bit - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* OEM 
* GDDR5 512MB to 1GB ASUSTeK ENGT440/DI/1GD5
* GDDR3 Asus 1gb to 2gb, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT430 430GT (GF108) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 ddr3 memory 64bit or 128bit - buggy on Aros 32 but 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVidia Quadro FX1800 768MB GDDR3 Full Height Graphics Card Workstation
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no|6.11 tunnel gearbox}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe|DVI-I 2xDP}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;59W 768 MB GDDR3 memory using a 192-bit memory interface - OpenGL 3.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 590   Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;OpenGL4.4 OpenCL 1.1 - GDDR5 - 6pin and 8pin psu connectors - 512 cuda - case dual slots - 
* not working 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 580, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 5&quot; or &quot;VP5&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set D or VDPAU Feature Set D) 4k UHD 3840 × 2160  H.264 decode - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 570, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working Zotac GTX 570, Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works gigabyte, evga 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 5xx 560gtx Fermi GTX 560, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.x - 2 6pin psu - 384 cuda cores - case dual slots - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working Asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5, 
* Ti LE 448 cuda GDDR5 320bit 
* Ti 256bit 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 560 Ti  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
* not working evga GTX 560Ti 01GP31560KR - Gainward GTX560TI/570 Phantom, 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 550 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1201
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA  Doom   Doom2  Duke }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;can hang on boot up on I2C Init or suffer random lockups on OpenGL apps - most need 1 6pin min 400W 24A on the +12V1 / +12V2 dual 12V rails of the computers' power supply unit - 192 cuda cores - case dual slots used - will not work with PCI-e 1.0a slots - 
* not working eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31556KR) - 
* untested asus Extreme, eVGA GeForce GTX 550 Ti (1024 MB) (01GP31557KR) -  - 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 545 and OEM GF116 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 4.2 opencl 1.x - GDDR5 with OEM only - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT530 OEM 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;96 cuda cores - 1GB or 2GB DDR3 128bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT520 520GT  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 48 cuda cores - DDR3 64bit 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;510, GT 530    
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; ddr 3 - 50w max - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT610 Fermi GF119 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No|6.11 }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVS 315 300 GF119S
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|VESA}} needs special dms-59 cable 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 fermi 315 PNY VCNVS315-T 1Gb DDR3 but needs special dms-59 cable - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT630 GF108 Fermi 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;not accelerated 2015 - like the GT730 below - 96 cuda cores whilst kepler version has 384 - 128bit to keplers' 64bit bandwidth - kepler has 2GB DDR3 
* not working Gigabyte 
* DDR3
* GDDR5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 730 (two versions) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| use VESA 6.11 Pixel  Text}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; fermi version has 96 cuda cores 128bit GF108 
* not working Asus 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 4000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}} 2 dp ports 
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;142W 2Gb GDDR5 - PCI Express 2.0 x16 ; full Height card with 1x 6-Pin PCIe power need - CUDA Cores 256 - OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nVIDIA Quadro 5000
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 200W 2.5Gb GDDR5 320 bit - PCI Express 2.0 x16 full Height card with 2x 6-Pin PCIe power need - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX Titan GeForce GTX Titan Black GeForce GTX Titan Z
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) GeForce 600 GeForce 700 GeForce GTX Titan Kepler 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 780    GeForce GTX 780 Ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;PureVideo HD 6&quot; or &quot;VP6&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set E or VDPAU Feature Set E) significantly improved performance when decoding H.264 and MPEG-2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 770 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4.4 opencl 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GTX 760 GeForce GTX 760 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 740
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce GT 730 Kepler (two versions) f
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; kepler 384 cores 64bit GK208  
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;680gtx GK104 core gtx680 680m
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NVE0 family (Kepler) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 690 Kepler NVE0 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 3.0, OpenGL 4.4 OpenCL 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 670
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 660 GTX 660 Ti GK104 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 650 GTX 650 Ti GTX 650 Ti Boost
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 NVE0 family (Kepler) most need 1 6pin psu 
* not working asus ENGTX560 DC/2DI/1GD5 
* works 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce GT 640
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 
* 128bit DDR3
* 192bit DDR3 1.5 to 3GB 50W 
* 128bit GDDR5 75W 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GT 620 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 up to OpenGL 4.5 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2000 NVE7 (GK107) Kepler 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 - 50w single slot pcie 2.0 - like 740gs - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K4200 GK104 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 4Gb GDDR5 - 108W 1 6pin - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVIDIA® Quadro® K420 1GB DDR3 Kepler
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 41W - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 750ti 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://nouveau.freedesktop.org/FeatureMatrix.html NV110] Maxwell - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Nvidia GTX 750 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x1381
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0xa2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{yes|vga on 64bit test }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk|not dp }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 and tested in 2026 with latest nouveau test 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K2200 (GM107) Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 - 68w single slot pcie 2.0 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Quadro K620 Maxwell 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 50w slim low profile 2gb ddr3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GM based later Maxwells probably little support 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GM206 2nd gen maxwell PureVideo HD 7&quot; or &quot;VP7&quot; (Nvidia Feature Set F or VDPAU Feature Set F) adds full hardware-decode of H.265 HEVC Version 1 (Main and Main 10 profiles and full fixed function VP9 (video codec) hardware decoding 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV132 (GP102) NVIDIA Titan (X, Xp), GeForce GTX 1080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV134 (GP104) GeForce GTX (1070, 1080)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV136 (GP106) GeForce GTX 1060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support up to OpenGL 4.6 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;quadro p620 2gb gddr5 128bit and quadro p1000 4gb gt1030 30w 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 50w slim low profile - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce gtx 1060, GeForce 1070
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 Pascal 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV137 (GP107) GeForce GTX (1050, 1050 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV138 (GP108) GeForce GT 1030
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2017 probably little support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV130 family (Pascal)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV162 (TU102) NVIDIA Titan RTX, GeForce RTX 2080 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018  needs gsp firmware and latest nouveau version 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV164 (TU104) GeForce RTX (2070 Super, 2080, 2080 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 NV160 family (Turing) unified gsp-rm firmware - best starting point for Vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV166 (TU106) GeForce RTX (2060, 2060 Super, 2070)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV168 (TU116) GeForce GTX (1650 Super, 1660, 1660 Ti, 1660 Super)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV167 (TU117) GeForce GTX 1650
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;gtx 1650ti super 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 old style 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV172 (GA102) GeForce RTX (3080, 3090)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 av1 decoding ampere 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV174 (GA104) GeForce RTX (3060 Ti, 3070, 3080 Mobile)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2020 NV170 family (Ampere) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV176 (GA106) GeForce RTX (3050, 3060)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2021 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV177 (GA107) GeForce RTX 3050
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV192 (AD102) GeForce RTX 4090 ada 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV193 (AD103) GeForce RTX 4080
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;NV190 family (Ada Lovelace) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV194 (AD104) GeForce RTX (4070, 4070 Ti)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV196 (AD106) GeForce RTX 4060 Ti
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV197 (AD107) GeForce RTX 4060
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce RTX 5090 blackwell GB202 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{unk| }}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}

==== nouveau mobile integrated ====


 If you purchased a notebook with an NVidia sticker on it, most of the time you have a optimus based one, ie Intel CPU+GPU melded with Nvidia GPU, Optimus was slated at one point to go into desktop PCs but the industry ended up rejecting that concept 


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| GeForce 6100 nForce 405 
| 0x
| 0x03D1 0x0242
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D2
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6100 nForce 420 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x03D5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 LE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0241
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| GeForce 6150SE nForce 430 
| 0x
| 0x03D0
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| working 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0240
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150M / nForce 630M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0531
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7000M / nForce 610M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0533
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 PV / NVIDIA nForce 630a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x053A 0x053B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 7025 nForce 630a
| 0x
| 0x053E
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes|some}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No| }}
| some support on some chipsets 
|-
| GeForce 7100 / nForce 630i (C73)   
| 0x10de
| 0x07e1
| 0x0a2
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Maybe}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| Icaros 2.0.3 and Gigabyte 73-pvm-s2h rev. 1.0 but will not boot on [https://ae.amigalife.org/index.php?topic=806.msg8765#new Acer x270 with Icaros 2.3] 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7150 / NVIDIA nForce 630i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E0
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 7050 / NVIDIA nForce 610i 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x07E3
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce IGP 8100 (nForce 720a) 
| 0x
| 0x084F
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| GeForce 8100P 
| 0x
| 0x0847
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Geforce 8200 8300 nForce 730a 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084A 0x0848 (GeForce 8300) 0x0849 (GeForce 8200) 0x084B (GeForce 8200) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;working on some 8300's with Icaros 1.5 but others untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 780a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nForce 750a SLI 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x084D
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Nvidia Geforce IGP 9300 (nForce MCP7a) 
| 0x10de
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Maybe| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;works 
| 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9400 (ION) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x087d
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;If AROS detects GPU chipset, works sometimes 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;9700M ()
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x10de
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| Geforce ION 2
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{Yes| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;works well 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6150 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0244
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6100 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0247
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0164 0x0167
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0166 0x0168
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;Sony Laptop
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6800 Ultra 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x00C9
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0144
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 TE/6200 TE 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0146
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0148
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 6600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0149
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7200 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D6
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7300 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D7
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7400 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x01D8 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;works 2D and 3d issues though 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x098
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7800 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0099
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7950 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0297
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GS 	
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0298
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7900 GTX 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0299
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0398
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce Go 7600 GT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0399
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6610 XL
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0145
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 6700 XL 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0147
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8700M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0409
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0425
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0426
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0427
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8400M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0428
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0609
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8800M GTX
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x060C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0405
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 8600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0407
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9650M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0408
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9400M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x042E
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9100M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0844
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0628
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9700M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062A
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9800M GTS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x062C
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0647
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0648
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9600M GT
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x0649
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9500M G
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x064B
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E5
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9200M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GeForce 9300M GS
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x06E8
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV50 (G80) Quadro FX (4600 (SDI), 5600)
Quadro FX (2800M, 3600M, 3700, 3700M, 3800M, 4700 X2), VX 200
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV94 (G94) 9700M GTS, 9800M GTS, GeForce G 110M, GT 130(M), GT 140, Quadro FX (1800, 2700M)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV84 (G84) Tesla 8700M GT, GeForce 9500M GS, 9650M GS
Quadro FX (370, 570, 570M, 1600M, 1700), NVS 320M
NV86 (G86) 	GeForce 8300 GS, 8400 (GS, M G, M GS, M GT), 8500 GT, GeForce 9300M G
Quadro FX 360M, NVS (130M, 135M, 140M, 290)
GeForce GTS 150(M), GTS 160M, GTS 240, GTS 250, GTX (260M, 280M, 285M), GT (330, 340)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NV96 (G96)  9650M GT, 9700M GT
GeForce G 102M, GT 120
Quadro FX (380, 580, 770M, 1700M)
NV98 (G98) 	GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 9200M GS, 9300 (GE, GS, M GS)
GeForce G 100, G 105M
Quadro FX (370 LP, 370M), NVS (150M, 160M, 295, 420, 450)
Quadro CX, FX (3800, 4800, 5800)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA3 (GT215) 	GeForce GT (240, 320, 335M), GTS (250M, 260M, 350M, 360M) Quadro FX 1800M
NVA5 (GT216) 	GeForce GT (220, 230M, 240M, 325M, 330M), 315
Quadro 400, FX 880M, NVS 5100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVA8 (GT218) Tesla GeForce 8400 GS, GeForce 210M, 305M, 310M, Quadro FX 380M, NVS 2100M, 3100M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAA (MCP77/MCP78) 	GeForce 8100, 8200, 8300 mGPU / nForce 700a series, 8200M G
NVAC (MCP79/MCP7A) 	ION, GeForce 9300, 9400 mGPU / nForce 700i series, 8200M G, 9100M, 9400M (G)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVAF (MCP89) 	GeForce 320M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC0 (GF100) Fermi GeForce GTX 480M, Quadro 5000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC1 (GF108) GeForce GT 415M, 420M, 425M, 435M, 520M, 525M, 540M, 550M, 555M, 630M, 635M, 640M LE, Quadro 1000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC3 (GF106) Fermi GeForce GT 445M, 555M, 630M, 635M), GTX 460M, Quadro 2000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVC4 (GF104) GeForce GTX 470M, 485M, Quadro 5000M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVCE (GF114) GeForce GTX 570M, 580M, 670M, 675M,  
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD7 (GF117) Fermi Geforce GT 620M, 625M, (some) 630M, 710M, 720M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVD9 (GF119) Fermi GeForce 410M, GT 520M, 520MX, 610M, Quadro NVS 4200M 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE4 (GK104) GeForce GTX 670M, 680M, 775M, 780M, 860M, Quadro K3000M, K3100M, K4000M, K4100M, K5000M, K5100M, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;NVE7 (GK107) GeForce GT640M, 645M, 650M, 710M, 720M, 730M, 740M, 745M, 750M, 755M, GTX 660M, K500M, K1000M, K1100M, K2000M
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;GTX 1650 mobile
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2019 turing architecture - last old skool support pre Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2050 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 ampere architecture best starting point for vulkan support 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 2060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Rev
| 2D
| 3D
| Analog Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rtx 4060 mobile 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


====radeon.hidd====

Michel Shultz ''2D'' graphics driver (standard on most distributions but only for very old GPUs) and bearsofts updated 2013 around Icaros 1.3.1  

3D is not implemented by AROS yet but could cover these AMD chipsets

&lt;pre&gt;
2014 SI        AMD HD 7xxx 
2016 GCN3rd    AMD R5E R7E 
2019 GCN5th    AMD Vega 8  
2022 RDNA1     AMD RX5500 desktop only 
2023 RDNA2     AMD 680M 780M 
2024 RDNA3     AMD 880M 890M
2025 RDNA3.5   AMD 8060S strix halo and AI 
2027 RDNA4     AMD 
&lt;/pre&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
! Description
! Vendor ID
! Product ID
! Revision 
! 2D
! 3D
! Analogue Output
! Digital Output
! Laptop LCD
! Comments
|-
| 7000 (r100)
| 0x1002
| 0x5159 
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|vga15 pin connection but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 7500 (rv200 but still r100 based) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x5157 
| 0x
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Yes|vga15}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.3 
|-
| 8000 8500 (r200) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x514c (8500LE)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| 9000 9100 9250 (r200)
| 0x1002
| 0x5964 (9000) 0x514d (9100)
| 0x0001
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{Maybe|VGA15 but not s-video}}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{Yes|DVI}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 1.4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| 9600 9800 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x300 x600 (r300)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| x700, x800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r420])
| 0x
| 0x554d (R430 x800xl)
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 - x800 XL PCIE (problem with mouse-pointer, some part of the pointer is not transparent) 
|-
| x1300 x1550 x1600 x1800 x1900 x1950 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R520 r520])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Yes|new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{no}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 2.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD2400 HD2600 HD2900 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r600])
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL 1.2 TeraScale architecture 
|-
| HD3400 HD3600 HD3800 (r600)
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;pci-e 2.0, openGL 3.3 
|-
| HD4300 HD4500 HD4600 HD4700 HD4800 ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radeon_R600 r700])
| 0x1002
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|but some later cards need 3D engine for faster and more flexible 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 - DDR3 -  GDDR5 was one of AMD's aces for the 4800 series - 4670 liked - 
|-
| HD6900 cayman series 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|some features with new driver}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; openGL 3.3 open CL not mature (2014) - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| HD5400 Series HD5430 HD5450 HD5470 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2010 openGL 3.3 openCL - GDDR3 - 
|-
| HD5500 Series HD5550 HD5570 HD5600 Series HD5650 HD5670 HD5700 Series HD5750 HD5770 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;openGL 3.3 openCL  - GDDR5  
|-
| HD 5800 Series HD5850 HD5870 HD5900 Series HD5950 HD5970 - HD6xxx not NI chipset ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evergreen_(GPU_family) r800 evergreen]) 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2009 openGL 3.3 openCL - DDR5 pci-e 2.1 best avoided for all pci-e 1.0 mobos - Ati TeraScale2 architecture - 
|-
| HD6450  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Islands_(GPU_family) Northern Islands chipset] 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; - DDR3 - 
|-
| HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6570 HD6600 Series HD6650 HD6670  
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - 
Radeon HD 8470 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 8350 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 7510 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6550D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6530D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6410D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6370D 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6320 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6310 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6290 	11 	TeraScale 2
Radeon HD 6250 	11 	TeraScale 2
|-
| HD6800 Series HD6850 HD6870 HD6700 Series HD6790 to HD6990 
| 0x
| 0x
| 0x0
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{No|needs 3D engine for accelerated 2D now}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2011 - DDR5 - AMD TeraScale3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7450-HD7670 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 OpenGL but not Vulkan 
Radeon HD 7660D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7560D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7540D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 7480D 	11 	TeraScale 3
Radeon HD 6930 	11 	TeraScale 3
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7750 HD 7770 / R7 250X HD7850 HD7870 / R9 270X HD 7950 / R9 280 HD 7970 / R9 280X [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Islands_(GPU_family) Southern Islands]
*AMD Radeon R7 250XE Cape Verde XT	
*AMD Radeon R7 M465X Cape Verde	
*AMD Radeon R9 255	 Cape Verde PRX	
*AMD Radeon HD 7750  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon R7 250E	 Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 8740  Cape Verde PRO	
*AMD Radeon HD 7730	 Cape Verde LE
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2012 pci-e 3.0 1st Gen GCN architecture - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 430, FirePro W2100, 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 50W+ openGL openCL 1/3 speed of gtx750ti 1st gen gcn1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;HD7790 [ Sea Islands ] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 openGL 4.1 open CL - GCN2.0 Vulkan 1.0 introduced a Shader Engine (SE) comprising one geometry processor, up to 44 CUs (Hawaii chip), rasterizers, ROPs, and L1 cache and Graphics Command Processor for faster audio/video - suits Vulkan 1.1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r5 240 240x (slow) R7 250 250x (faster) HD 7790 / R7 260  260X / R7 360 to R5 350 (fast) and last one R5 430 OEM Plus (slow again) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 50W+ GCN 1st gen - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.0 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 290 / R9 390 R9 290X / R9 390X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2014 GCN 1.1 2nd Gen architecture - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.1 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 Fury Nano 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN 1.2 3rd Gen - openGL  openCL vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;r-200 series r8 275 285 295 375 [Volcanic Islands] 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 GCN1.2 - openGL 4.x openCL 1.x Vulkan 1.2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 [https://gpuopen.com/download/AMD_GCN3_Instruction_Set_Architecture_rev1.1.pdf GCN3] 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 5700/5600/5500 Series 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 GCN 4 - OpenGL 4, Vulkan 1.3 - 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 400/500 Series like rx vega 580
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ Pro WX 9100, x200 Series and Radeon™ Pro W5700/W5500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 7900/7600 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon™ RX 6900/6800/6700/6600/6500 Series
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|}


==== amd radeon mobile integrated ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;ATI RC410 [Radeon Xpress 200M]
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x5a62 0x5955 0x5974 (200m)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;0x00
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 7500 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;0x1002
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;0x4c57 (7500)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9000 
| 0x1002
| 0x4966 (9000)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9500 9550 (rv360) 9600 (rv350)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 9800 (rv420)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X300 (RV370) X600 (RV380)
| 0x1002
| 0x (RV370) 0x5657 (RV380) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X700 (RV410) X800 (RV423) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1200 (RS69M0) 
| 0x1002
| 0x791f
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;X1200 IGP (RS690)
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon X1300 X1350 X1400(rv515) X1600 (rv530) X1650 (RV535) X1800 (rv520) x1900 (rv570) 
| 0x1002 
| 0x71c7 (X1650) 
| 0x009e
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon 2100
| 0x1002
| 0x796e (2100)
| 0x0 
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No|}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 2400 (rv610) HD2600 (rv630) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 3100 HD3200 HD3450 3470 (RS780MC RV620) 3670 (M86-XT RV635) HD3870 (M88-LXT RV670)
| 0x1002 
| 0x9610 and 0x9612 (HD3200) 0x9614 (HD3300) 
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4200 4250 (RV620)
| 0x1002
| 0x (HD4200) 0x9715 (HD4250)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 4330 4530 4550 (M92 RV710) 4650 (M96-XT RV730) 4670 RV730XT 4830 (M97 RV740) 4850 (M98 RV770)
| 0x1002 
| 0x (HD4350) 0x9442 (RV770) 0x9490 (HD4670)
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;untested 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 530v (M92 RV710) HD 550v (M96 RV730)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Mobility Radeon HD 5430 HD5650 (cedar Park LP)
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Radeon HD 6250 6290 6310 6320 6350M (Redwood Capilano PRO) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{No}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;no support yet
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD 7640G, 8450G, 8550G, 8650G Northern Islands 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2013 Last real support for old graphics standard before Vulkan takeover 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5 M230 M240 M255 - R7 M260 M265 (Kaveri Crystal series with Mantle and HSA) 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 Maybe better with Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;AMD Vega 3, 6, 8, 11 iGP 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA 2D}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge GCN 5th Gen  
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan desktop ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Kaveri 290 290X, 260 260X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2015 AMDGPU Vulkan 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R9 285 / R9 380  R9 380X  Fury / Fury X 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;opengl 4 opencl 1 3rd Gen GCN architecture 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX470 RX460 RX480 RX580 polaris10 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX460 RX560D polaris11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX580 polaris20 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 opengl 4 opencl 2 4th Gen GCN architecture vulkan 1.3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 5000 5500 Navi 1x
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 6000 Navi 2x 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RNDA 2 Mesa 21.3 decode av1 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX6000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX 7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2022 RNDA 3 navi
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX7000 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;{{No|nothing}}
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;RX9070 rx 9060 XT 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2025 rdna4 navi
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2026 udna (aka rdna5) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
|}


==== AMDGPU Vulkan mobile ====

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Vendor ID
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Product ID
! width=&quot;2%&quot; | Rev 
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 2D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | 3D
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;5%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=40%&quot; | Comments
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;R5E R7E 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2016 bristol ridge GCN 3.0 IGP (Carrizo Mobile) 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega 8 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt; GCN 5
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vega iGP 3, 6, 8, 11 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;2018 raven ridge - Graphics Core Next (GCN) 5th gen - 
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;5500m 5600m 5800m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA1 NaviX1 Zen 2 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;rx680m 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA2 NaviX2 Zen 3 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;phoenix apu 1103 
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;{{Maybe|VESA}}
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;{{No| }}
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;RDNA3 NaviX3 zen 4 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;{{N/A}}
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Description
| Vendor ID
| Product ID
| Revision
| 2D
| 3D
| Analogue Output
| Digital Output
| Laptop LCD
| Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Vendor ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Product ID--&gt;
| &lt;!--Revision--&gt;
| &lt;!--2D--&gt;
| &lt;!--3D--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


fyi if a notebooks with two graphic cards, the integrated Intel card (id 0x7d) for low power usage and a discrete Radeon card (id 0x56) which should be used for GPU-intensive applications. By default the Intel card is always used 


[https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/ATI Gallium Radeon HD] is not ported yet but is [https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=news_item&amp;px=Linux-5.9-AMDGPU-Stats really big] and complex so another solution may have to be [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/the-graphics-acceleration-can-of-worms/10515/5 found] like [https://discuss.haiku-os.org/t/vulkan-lavapipe-software-rendering-is-working-on-haiku/11363/10 vulkan] where support starts from very recent ISA GCN islands HD7000s cards only 


*Vulkan
*Gallium


Vulkan software renderer allows to prepares the infrastructure for hardware rendering. Primary difference between software and hardware renderer is output to regular RAM vs GPU RAM, the rest is almost the same. It is possible to render to GPU RAM offscreen.

bare bones basics data flow

 application,&gt;&gt;&gt; api/opengl/vulkan&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;, jit compiler, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;memory manger, &gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;gpu hardware

so you need to have a compiler that takes your api call/program/shaders/drawing commands and turns them into a program the gpu can render.

the vulkan to amd gpu compiler for shaders and textures is nearly os agnostic iirc as long as you have solid posix compliance

Unlike OpenGL, Vulkan does not depend on windowing system and it have driver add-on system with standardized API (Mesa also have OpenGL driver add-ons, but it have non-standard Mesa-specific API). OpenGL may need more work for windowing system related code at this point but developing Vulkan on real hardware is more strategic than developing OpenGL, since now Zink 3 running on Vulkan compensates for the lack of OpenGL support by giving performance similar to native accelerated OpenGL 

RadeonGfx use client-server model with client-server thread pairs. For each client thread that calls 3D acceleration API, server side thread is created. If client thread terminates, server side thread also exit. 


==Rough gfx comparison==

&lt;pre&gt;

Group 1

GeForce RTX 5090 5070 5060 5050 
GeForce RTX 4090 4070 4060 4050 


Group 2

GeForce RTX 2070
Radeon RX 7600
Quadro RTX 5000
Radeon PRO W6600
GeForce RTX 2060 12GB
Radeon PRO W7500
Quadro GP100
Radeon RX 6800S
GeForce RTX 3070 Laptop GPU
GeForce GTX 1080
GeForce RTX 3060 8GB
Quadro RTX 4000
Radeon Pro W5700
Radeon RX 6600
GeForce RTX 2080 (Mobile)
Radeon RX 7700S
Radeon RX 6700S
Radeon RX 6600S
Quadro RTX 5000 (Mobile)
GeForce GTX 1070 Ti
GeForce RTX 4050 Laptop GPU
Radeon Pro Vega 64X
Radeon RX 5700
Radeon RX Vega 64
GeForce RTX 2060
GeForce RTX 2070 Super with Max-Q Design


Group 3

Radeon RX 6600M
GeForce GTX 1070
Radeon RX 6650M
GeForce RTX 3060 Laptop GPU
Radeon RX Vega 56
Radeon RX 6700M
GeForce RTX 2080 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6800M
GeForce GTX 980 Ti
Radeon R9 Fury
GeForce GTX 980
Quadro M5500
Radeon R9 390X
Radeon RX 580
Radeon RX 5500
Radeon RX 6550M
GeForce GTX 1660 Ti with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 780 Ti
GeForce GTX 970
Radeon R9 290X
Radeon RX 480
Radeon RX 5600M
Quadro RTX 3000 with Max-Q Design
Radeon R9 290X / 390X
Ryzen 5 4600HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 290
Radeon Pro 5500 XT
Radeon R9 M490 *
GeForce GTX 780 
Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
Radeon RX 6500
Radeon RX 5300
Intel Arc A770M
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti
Radeon Pro 580X
Radeon RX 6400
GeForce RTX 2050
Ryzen 9 4900HS with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 9 6900HS
GeForce GTX 980M
Quadro M5000M
Radeon RX 6300
GeForce GTX 1650 Ti with Max-Q Design
Radeon Pro 570
Ryzen 9 6900HS with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 1050 Ti
Quadro M4000M
Radeon R9 280X  380X 
GeForce GTX 1650 with Max-Q Design
GeForce MX570
Radeon R9 280X
Radeon R9 380
Radeon 780M
GeForce GTX 960
GeForce GTX 970M
Quadro M4000M *
GeForce GTX 680


Group 4 

Radeon RX 6500M
Quadro M5500
Radeon Pro WX 7100
GeForce GTX 1060 with Max-Q Design
GeForce GTX 1650
Intel Arc A730M
Radeon HD 7970
Radeon R9 M395X
Radeon R9 M485X
Radeon R9 M480 *
Radeon R9 M295X
Radeon R9 M390X *
FirePro W7170M *
Radeon R9 M395
Radeon R7 370
Radeon RX 5500M
GeForce GTX 590
GeForce GTX 880M
GeForce GTX 950
Radeon R9 270X
GeForce GTX 660 Ti
GeForce GTX 760
GeForce GTX 780M
Quadro K5100M
GeForce GTX 680MX
Radeon HD 7870
GeForce GTX 965M
Quadro M3000M *
GeForce GTX 870M
Radeon R9 M290X
Radeon HD 8970M
Radeon Ryzen 7 7735U (680M), Radeon Ryzen 7 7735HS (680M 12C) 
GeForce GTX 580
Radeon HD 6970
GeForce GTX 1050
GeForce GTX 680M
GeForce GTX 775M
GeForce GTX 1630
FirePro M6100
Radeon HD 7970M
Radeon R9 M390 *
GeForce GTX 750 Ti


Group 5

GeForce GTX 570
GeForce GTX 480
GeForce GTX 960M
Quadro M2000M *
Quadro K5000M
Quadro K4100M
GeForce GTX 770M
GeForce GTX 860M
GeForce GTX 675MX
GeForce GTX 950M
GeForce GTX 850M
Quadro M1000M
Radeon R9 M280X
Radeon HD 7950M *
GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Radeon HD 6870
GeForce GTX 470
GeForce GT 1030
GeForce MX330
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 5800HS 
FirePro 3D V8800
GeForce MX250


Group 6

Radeon Pro WX 3200
Ryzen 7 PRO 5750G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600H
Ryzen 5 Pro 4650G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5800U
Ryzen 7 7730U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 5825U
Radeon Pro WX 4150
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655G
Ryzen 5 4600G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4655GE
GeForce GTX 485M
FirePro W6150M
Ryzen 7 5800U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M470
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 3 5300U
Ryzen 7 5825U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750GE
Radeon Ryzen 7 4800U
FirePro V7900
Radeon HD 5970
Radeon Ryzen 7 7700X 8-Core
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650G
Radeon Ryzen 5 4400G
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5650GE
Radeon RX 550X
FirePro V8800
Radeon RX Vega Ryzen 5 5500U
GeForce MX150
Quadro K3100M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5850U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R7 250X
Intel HD 5600
Ryzen 3 4300GE with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 460
Ryzen 7 5700U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 7530U
Quadro K620
Ryzen 3 PRO 5350GE with Radeon Graphics
Intel Iris Pro P580
Intel UHD Graphics P630
Ryzen 5 4600H with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 7530U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5870
Radeon HD 6870
Ryzen 7 4700G with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 5600U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 7770
Ryzen 3 Pro 4350G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 5 5625U
GeForce GTX 745
Radeon Ryzen 7 4850U Mobile
Radeon Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U
Quadro M600M
Radeon Ryzen 5 5500U
Ryzen 5 5560U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 4800H with Radeon Graphics


Group 7 

GeForce 945M
Ryzen 5 PRO 4650GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro M5100
Radeon Ryzen 5 5600U
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U
GeForce GTX 580M
Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 5300GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon R9 M385
Quadro 5000M
Radeon Ryzen 7 4700U
Ryzen 5 PRO 5650U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U
Ryzen 7 4700U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 7 PRO 4750U with Radeon Graphics
FirePro V7800
Radeon R9 350
Ryzen 3 4300G with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3350G
Radeon Ryzen 5 5560U
GeForce GTX 460 SE
Radeon Pro W5500M
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400G
Ryzen 5 5500U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 5 PRO 4500U with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GT 645
GeForce GTX 765M
Radeon R9 M385X
Ryzen 5 5625U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 7330U with Radeon Graphics
Radeon HD 5850
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 2400G
Intel Iris Pro 580
Radeon HD 6850
Intel Iris Xe MAX
Radeon Ryzen 7 PRO 5875U
Radeon Ryzen 5 7600 6-Core
GeForce GTX 470M
Ryzen 3 5300G with Radeon Graphics
GeForce GTX 670MX
Radeon RX 640
Qualcomm Adreno Gen 3
Radeon R7 450
GeForce GTX 675M
Radeon Pro WX 4130
Intel Iris Xe MAX 100
Quadro 5000
Radeon RX 570X
Radeon HD 7700-serie
Ryzen 5 4600U with Radeon Graphics
Ryzen 3 PRO 4350GE with Radeon Graphics
Radeon Vega 8 


Group 8 
 
GeForce MX230
GeForce GTX 765M
Quadro K4000M
Iris Pro Graphics P580 *
Iris Pro Graphics 580 *
GeForce GTX 645
Quadro M520
GeForce GTX 570M
GeForce MX130
Radeon RX 540
Radeon Ryzen 5 PRO 5675U
Intel UHD Graphics 770
Radeon RX Vega 11 Ryzen 7 3750H
Radeon Vega 11 Ryzen 5 PRO 3400GE 
Radeon HD 5850
GeForce GTX 675M
GeForce GTX 580M
Radeon HD 6990M
Radeon R9 M385X *
Radeon R9 M470X *
Radeon R9 M470 *
Radeon R9 M385 *
Radeon R9 M380 *
Radeon R9 M370X
Radeon R9 M275
Radeon HD 7770
GeForce GTX 485M
GeForce GTX 460 768MB
Radeon HD 6790
GeForce GTX 285M SLI
Quadro K3100M
FirePro W5170M *
GeForce GTX 670MX
Quadro 5010M
GeForce GTX 760M
GeForce GTX 670M


Group 9 

GeForce 940MX *
Maxwell GPU (940M, GDDR5)
FirePro M8900
Radeon HD 6970M
Radeon R9 M270
Radeon HD 8870M
Radeon HD 7870M
Quadro K3000M
GeForce GTX 570M
FirePro M6000
FirePro M5100
Quadro K2100M
Radeon HD 5770
GeForce GTX 550 Ti
GeForce GTX 280M SLI
Radeon HD 6950M
Radeon R7 250
GeForce GT 755M
GeForce GTX 660M
GeForce 845M
Radeon HD 8850M
Radeon R9 M365X
Radeon R9 M265X
Ryzen 5 PRO 4400GE with Radeon Graphics
FirePro W5130M *
Radeon Vega 8 Ryzen 5 3500U 
Radeon HD 7850M
Radeon HD 8790M
FirePro W4170M
FirePro W4190M
FirePro W4100
Radeon Vega 6 Ryzen 3 3300U
Quadro 4000M
GeForce GTX 470M
GeForce GTX 480M
GeForce GT 750M
Iris Pro Graphics 6200
Quadro K1100M
GeForce 940M
Radeon R9 M375
GeForce 930MX *
Radeon R7 M380 *
Radeon R7 M370
Quadro M600M *
GeForce GT 650M
Quadro K620M
GeForce 840M
Radeon R7 M275DX
GeForce GT 745M
Radeon HD 7770M
GeForce GTX 560M
Radeon R7 
Iris Pro Graphics 5200
GeForce GT 740M
GeForce 930M
Radeon HD 4850


Group 10

Iris Graphics 550 *
GeForce 830M
Iris Graphics 540
Quadro M500M *
Quadro K2000M
GeForce GTS 450
GeForce GTX 260M SLI
GeForce GT 735M
Mobility Radeon HD 5870
GeForce 825M
Quadro 5000M
FirePro M4000
FirePro M7820
Radeon HD 6870M
GeForce 9800M GTX SLI
Radeon HD 8830M *
Radeon HD 8770M
Radeon R7 M260X
GeForce GTX 460M
GeForce 920MX *
GeForce GT 730M
Radeon HD 7750M
GeForce GT 645M *
FirePro M4100
Radeon HD 8750M
Radeon R6 A10-9600P 4C+6G
Quadro 3000M
Radeon R7 M270
Radeon R7 M265
Quadro FX 3800M
GeForce GTX 285M
Mobility Radeon HD 4870
GeForce GT 640M
Radeon R7 (Kaveri)
Radeon R8 M365DX
Radeon R7 M460 *
Radeon HD 7730M
Radeon R7 M360
GeForce GTX 280M
Radeon HD 8690M
Quadro FX 3700M
Radeon R7 M340
GeForce 920M
Radeon R6 M340DX
HD Graphics 530
HD Graphics P530
Tegra X1 Maxwell GPU
Radeon R7 M260
Radeon R6 


Group 11

Mobility Radeon HD 4860
FirePro M7740
Mobility Radeon HD 4850
GeForce GTX 260M
GeForce 9800M GTX
Quadro FX 2800M
Radeon HD 8670D
Radeon HD 7690M XT
FirePro M5950
GeForce GT 640M LE
Radeon R6 (Kaveri)
Radeon HD 8650M *
Radeon HD 8730M
Radeon HD 6770M
GeForce GT 635M
GeForce GT 555M
Radeon R7 A10 PRO-7800B
Radeon HD 5670
Mobility Radeon HD 5850
Radeon HD 6850M
Quadro 2000M
GeForce 9800M GT
GeForce 8800M GTX
Quadro FX 3600M
GeForce GT 445M
GeForce GTS 360M


Group 12

GeForce GT 240
Radeon R7 PRO A10-9700
Radeon HD 7690M
HD Graphics 5600
Radeon HD 8570D
Radeon HD 8670M
Radeon R6 M255DX
Radeon HD 7660D
Radeon HD 6750M
Quadro K1000M
GeForce GT 550M
Radeon HD 8590M *
GeForce GTS 260M
GeForce GTS 160M
GeForce 9800M GTS
GeForce GT 430
Radeon HD 6830M
Mobility Radeon HD 5830
Radeon HD 6730M *
GeForce 9800M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 4830
Mobility Radeon HD 5770
Radeon HD 6570M
Radeon HD 8650G
Radeon HD 7670M
GeForce GT 630M
Radeon HD 7560D
GeForce GTS 150M *
Radeon R5 M335
Radeon R5 M430 *
Radeon R5 M330
Radeon R5 M255
Radeon Vega 3
Quadro 1000M
GeForce 820M
FirePro W2100
HD Graphics 520 620 
Iris Graphics 6100


GeForce GT 720M
GeForce 8800M GTS
Radeon R5 M240
Radeon R5 M320 *
Radeon R5 M230
Radeon R5 M315 *
Mobility Radeon HD 5750 *
Radeon HD 8570M
Radeon R7 PRO A10-8850B
HD Graphics 6000
Quadro K610M
Radeon HD 8550M
Iris Graphics 5100
GeForce GT 540M
Mali-T880 MP12 *
Radeon HD 8610G *
Radeon HD 6650M
HD Graphics 4600
Mobility Radeon HD 5730
HD Graphics 5500
Radeon R5 (Carrizo) *
Radeon R5 (Kaveri)
FirePro M5800
NVS 5400M
GeForce 710M
Radeon HD 7660G
GeForce GT 435M
HD Graphics 5000


Quadro K510M *
Radeon HD 5570
Radeon HD 6550M
Radeon HD 7590M *
GeForce GTS 350M
GeForce GTS 250M
Radeon HD 6630M
Radeon HD 7650M
FirePro M2000
Radeon HD 7570M
Radeon HD 7630M
Quadro FX 1800M
Mobility Radeon HD 5650
Radeon HD 8510G *
Radeon HD 6530M
Radeon HD 8550G
Quadro K500M *
GeForce GT 625M *
GeForce GT 620M
GeForce GT 525M
Radeon HD 6550D *
Radeon HD 7610M
Radeon HD 7620G
Radeon HD 8470D
Radeon HD 7640G
Adreno 530
GeForce ULP K1 (Tegra K1 Kepler GPU)
HD Graphics 4400
HD Graphics 510 515 *


NVS 5200M
Mobility Radeon HD 565v
Radeon HD 7550M
Mobility Radeon HD 4670
GeForce GT 425M
GeForce 9700M GTS
Radeon HD 6645G2 *
Quadro FX 2700M
GeForce GT 335M
Radeon HD 7600G
Mobility Radeon HD 3870
Mobility Radeon HD 4650
GeForce GT 220
GeForce GT 420M
Radeon HD 7530M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3850
GeForce GT 330M
Quadro FX 880M
Quadro NVS 5100M
GeForce GT 240M
Radeon HD 7490M *
HD Graphics 5300
Radeon HD 7510M *
GeForce Go 7950 GTX
Quadro FX 3500M
GeForce 8700M GT SLI
GeForce 9700M GT
GeForce GT 230M
Mobility Radeon HD 550v
Radeon HD 7480D
HD Graphics 4000
Mali-T760 MP8
Radeon HD 6620G
HD Graphics (Broadwell) *
Adreno 430
Radeon R5 (Beema/Carrizo-L)
Radeon R4 (Beema) (Kaveri)
HD Graphics (Skylake) *


Radeon HD 6450 GDDR5
Radeon HD 7500G
Radeon HD 8450G
Radeon HD 7470M
Radeon HD 6490M
Radeon HD 8400
Mali-T880 MP4
GeForce GT 520MX
Radeon HD 7520G
GeForce GT 325M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX SLI
GeForce 8600M GT SLI
GeForce Go 7900 GS SLI
GeForce GT 130M
NVS 4200M
GeForce Go 7900 GTX
Quadro FX 2500M
Radeon HD 8350G
Radeon HD 8330
GeForce 9650M GS
GeForce 9650M GT
Radeon R3 (Mullins/Beema)
GeForce 8700M GT
Quadro FX 1700M
Quadro FX 1600M
GeForce Go 7800 GTX
GeForce Go 7900 GS
Quadro NVS 320M
Quadro FX 1500M
GeForce 9600M GT
GeForce GT 220M
Quadro FX 770M
GeForce GT 120M
Radeon HD 7450M
GeForce 610M
GeForce 705M
Mali-T760 MP6
Radeon HD 6470M
FirePro M3900 *
GeForce GT 520M
Radeon HD 7420G
Mobility Radeon HD 3670
Mobility FireGL V5725
PowerVR GX6450
Adreno 420
HD Graphics (Haswell)


Radeon HD 6520G
Radeon HD 8310G *
GeForce 320M
GeForce GT 320M
Mobility Radeon HD 2600 XT
Mobility Radeon X1900
Mobility Radeon X1800XT
Mobility Radeon X1800
GeForce Go 6800 Ultra
GeForce Go 7800
GeForce 9600M GS
GeForce 9500M GS
Radeon HD 7400G
Radeon HD 6480G *
Mobility Radeon HD 2700
GeForce GT 415M
GeForce 410M
Radeon HD 7370M
Adreno 418
HD Graphics (Cherry Trail)
Radeon HD 6370M
Radeon HD 8280
Mobility Radeon HD 5470
Radeon HD 6450M
Radeon HD 7430M *
Mobility Radeon HD 3650
Mobility FireGL V5700
Mobility Radeon HD 5145
Mobility Radeon HD 545v
Radeon R6 (Mullins) *
Radeon HD 8240
Radeon HD 8250
Mobility Radeon HD 4570
Quadro FX 570M
Mobility Radeon HD 5450 *
Radeon R2 (Mullins/Beema) *
GeForce 8600M GT
Mobility Radeon HD 2600
HD Graphics 3000
Quadro FX 380M
GeForce 310M
GeForce G210M
NVS 3100M
GeForce 405M
GeForce 315M
GeForce Go 7600 GT
GeForce 9500M G
GeForce 8600M GS
NVS 2100M
GeForce Go 7700
GeForce Go 6800
Quadro FX Go 1400
Mobility Radeon X800XT
Radeon HD 6430M *
Radeon HD 6380G *
Mobility Radeon HD 5430
Radeon HD 8210
Mobility Radeon HD 540v
Mobility Radeon HD 4550
HD Graphics 2500
HD Graphics (Ivy Bridge)


Quadro NVS 310 
Radeon HD 7350M *
Radeon HD 6350M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4530
Mobility Radeon HD 4350
Radeon HD 4350
GeForce 305M
Mobility Radeon X1700
Mobility FireGL V5250
Mobility Radeon X2500
GeForce Go 7600
Quadro NVS 300M
Mobility Radeon X800
Mobility Radeon X1600
Mobility FireGL V5200
Mobility Radeon 9800
GeForce Go 6600
Mobility Radeon X1450
Mobility Radeon X700
Mobility FireGL V5000
GeForce G 110M
Quadro NVS 295 
Radeon HD 6330M *
Mobility Radeon HD 4330
GeForce 8400M GT
Quadro NVS 140M
HD Graphics 2000
GeForce 9500M GE *
GeForce 9400M (G) / ION (LE)
HD Graphics (Sandy Bridge) *


Adreno 330
PowerVR G6430
PowerVR GX6250
PowerVR G6400
HD Graphics (Bay Trail)
Mali-T628 MP6
Mali-T760 MP4
Chrome9HD *
Radeon HD 7340
Radeon HD 6320 *
Radeon HD 7310
Radeon HD 6310 *
Radeon HD 8180
Mobility Radeon HD 3470
GeForce 9300M G
ION 2 *
GeForce 9300M GS
Quadro FX 370M
Quadro NVS 160M
GeForce 9200M GS
Mobility Radeon HD 3450
Mobility Radeon HD 3430
Mobility Radeon HD 3410
Mobility Radeon HD 2400 XT
Radeon HD 4270
Radeon HD 4250
Radeon HD 7290 *
Radeon HD 6290 *
Radeon HD 4200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) HD Graphics
Radeon HD 6250


Quadro NVS 150M
Quadro FX 360M
Mobility Radeon X1350
Mobility Radeon X1400
GeForce 9100M G
GeForce 8400M GS
Quadro NVS 135M
Mobility Radeon HD 2400
Radeon HD 3200
Radeon HD 4225 *
Radeon HD 4100 *
SGX554MP4
Mali-T628 MP4
Mobility Radeon HD 3400 *
Radeon HD 3100
GeForce 8400M G
Mali-T860 MP2
Quadro NVS 130M
GeForce 8200M G
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4700MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500MHD
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 4500M
Mali-T604 MP4
GeForce Go 7400
Quadro FX 350M
Quadro NVS 120M
GeForce Go 7300
GeForce Tegra 4 *
PowerVR G6200
Adreno 405 *
Quadro NVS 110M
Mobility Radeon X600
Mobility FireGL V3200
Mobility FireGL V3100
Mobility Radeon HD X2300
Mobility Radeon 9700


Mobility FireGL T2e
Mobility Radeon X1300
GeForce4 4200 Go
Mobility Radeon 9600
Mobility FireGL T2
Mobility Radeon 9550
GeForce Go 7200
GeForce Go 6400
Mobility Radeon X300
GeForce Go 6250
GeForce Go 6200
GeForce FX Go 5700
Quadro FX Go 1000
GeForce FX Go 5600 / 5650
Radeon Xpress X1270
Radeon Xpress X1250
Radeon Xpress X1200
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) X3100
Mali-T624
Adreno 320 *
Mali-T760 MP2
Mali-T720 MP4
Mali-450 MP4
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3650 *
GeForce 7190M *
GeForce 7150M
Radeon Xpress 1150
GeForce Go 6150
GeForce Go 6100
GeForce 7000M
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3600 *
Mobility Radeon 9200
Mobility FireGL 9000
GeForce FX Go 5200
Mobility Radeon 9000
GeForce 4 488 Go
GeForce 4 460 Go
GeForce 4 440 Go
GeForce 4 420 Go
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 3150
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 950 
SGX545 SGX544MP2 SGX543MP2 *
Mali-T720 MP2
Mali-T720
Adreno 302 304 305 306
Mobility Radeon 7500
Mobility FireGL 7800
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 900 


Radeon Xpress 200M
Radeon Xpress 1100
Mirage 3+ 672MX
Mirage 3 671MX
Mali-400 MP4 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 3) *
VideoCore-IV *
Adreno 220 225*
Vivante GC1000+ Dual-Core
Mali-400 MP2 *
GeForce ULP (Tegra 2) *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 600 *
SGX540 *
Graphics Media Accelerator (GMA) 500
Adreno 205 *
Adreno 203 *
GC800 *
SGX535
SGX531
SGX530
Adreno 200 *
Mali-200 *
GeForce 3 Go *
GeForce 2 Go 200 / 100
Mobility Radeon 9100 IGP
Mobility Radeon 9000 IGP
Mobility Radeon M7
Mobility Radeon M6
Chrome9 HC
Extreme Graphics 2
Mobility Radeon 7000 IGP
Radeon IGP 340M
Radeon IGP 320M
S3G UniChrome Pro II
S3G UniChrome Pro
Castle Rock
Mirage 2 M760
Mirage M661FX
S3 Graphics ProSavage8
Mobility 128 M3
SM502 *
&lt;/pre&gt;


Kernel-space drivers like '''radeon''' (older AMD driver for older GPUs), '''amdgpu''' (newer driver for newer GPUs, allows using a few new features), i915, nouveau and a few others. They are what handles the gory details of talking to the GPU itself (writing to proper registers, handling its memory directly, configuring outputs, and so on). Unfortunately most of what they're exposing can be only consumed by a single user of that GPU, which is why we need...

DRM and DRI (Direct Rendering Manager/Infrastructure) controls access to the GPUs, provides interfaces for talking to the GPU concurrently by multiple apps at once (without them breaking each other) and lets the system perform the most basic tasks like setting proper resolution and such if no userspace apps understand how to talk to the GPU exposed. DRI and DRM expose the GPU interfaces mostly as-is, not in a &quot;vendor-neutral&quot; portable way - if you don't have an application developed specifically for a GPU you have, it won't work. 

&quot;let's create a vendor-neutral interface for graphics so that apps can ignore the GPU-specific bits and get right to the drawing!&quot; - which is what OpenGL is. User-space drivers implement the OpenGL specification and expose it as an OpenGL library to apps (like games, browsers, etc) instead of the GPU. Mesa is the most popular collection of open-source user-space drivers and contains a few user-space drivers for different GPU families: '''radeonsi''' for most modern AMD GPUs (and '''r600g''', r300g and others for older ones), '''i915/i965''' for old/new Intel GPUs and '''nouveau''' for Nvidia GPUs. 

There's also Gallium, which is a bunch of utilities and common code shared among these drivers - if certain things can be done once and work everywhere, they'll land in Gallium and benefit all the drivers. Most Mesa drivers use Gallium (radeonsi, nouveau, software renderers), some don't (intel after gma950). 

Displaying 2D windows supports device-specific 2D drivers as well, but nowadays most of these are no longer needed as the modesetting can handle most hardware on its own. As the DRM/DRI got some additional interfaces for what used to be hardware-specific (setting resolutions, refresh rates, etc) and software requiring accelerated 2D drawing was optimized OpenGL-based renderers, dedicated 2D acceleration is slowly going away. Since around 2012, the 3D part of the graphics card deals with 2D operations. 

Modern GPUs can also decode video!? There's VDPAU (NVIDIA &amp; AMD GPUs) and VA-API (AMD &amp; Intel GPUs) that can also talk to the GPU exposed via DRM/DRI and issue proper commands to decode/encode a given video stream. Those drivers are GPU-specific too. 


So let's say you have some example GPUs, here's how example stacks could look like:

* AMD Radeon HD8750: amdgpu -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (radeonsi)  
* AMD Radeon HD4850: radeon kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (r600g) -&gt; games/apps/etc.
* NVIDIA GeForce 460: nouveau kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (nouveau) -&gt; games/apps.
* Intel GMA950: i915 kernel driver -&gt; DRM/DRI -&gt; Mesa (i945) -&gt; games/apps.


{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Description
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Analog Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Digital Output
! width=&quot;15%&quot; | Laptop LCD
! width=30%&quot; | Comments
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Fudomi GC888A
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 100in throw projector 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Vamvo VF320 (720P) 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Happrun H1 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;1080p 90in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Umbolite Magcubic HIPPUS HY320 Mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 100in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;Zentality A10 Plus 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;720p 110in 
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nexigo nova mini 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;nebula mars 3 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;epson lifestudio flex plus portable projector
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;dangbei freedo 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;benq gv50 
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
| &lt;!--Description--&gt;
| &lt;!--Analogue--&gt;
| &lt;!--Digital--&gt;
| &lt;!--Laptop LCD--&gt;
| &lt;!--Comments--&gt;
|-
|}


Unless your computer uses a Firewire chipset manufactured by Texas Instruments, FireWire interfaces are likely to act buggy. 
AROS is unlikely to ever support FireWire. 


Bluetooth is similarly unlikely to be ever supported due to huge cost to be certified. 


No, x86 PCMCIA card.resource at the moment. Writing card.resource would be a similar amount of work to writing a typical driver. However, it might be complicated by having to support a variety of PCMCIA-controller chipsets like TI PCI1225, PCI1410, PCI1420, 1450, PCIxx12 and O2, etc. m68k card.resource does not really have many higher level functions, most functions are really simple or poke Gayle registers directly. only exception is CopyTuple(). Amiga card.resource has one significant flaw: it's single-unit. would need card.resource and pccard.library. There was talk in the past of designing a new API for PCMCIA because card.resource only supports one slot, but since most modern laptops only have one slot anyway, I think it might be worthwhile to implement card.resource as-is (at least as a first step). pccard.library would be trivial to port. So, a new API is needed.</text>
      <sha1>2wwoq24ou1v3hq6linff8dfz2wt582u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>MediaWiki:Common.css</title>
    <ns>8</ns>
    <id>50984</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641949</id>
      <parentid>4636626</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T00:59:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Codename Noreste</username>
        <id>3441010</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Removing CSS code which causes text to be shortened on iOS Safari browsers. This was added many years ago but the reason was not explained much, if at all. (via [[:m:User:NguoiDungKhongDinhDanh/CodeAjaxEditor.js|CAE]])</comment>
      <origin>4641949</origin>
      <model>css</model>
      <format>text/css</format>
      <text bytes="15544" sha1="6gb5zugwwou5hr8ueul8oqxi48t8k29" xml:space="preserve">/* CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */
.mobile-only {
  display: none;
}

.PrettyTextBox {
	background-color: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #27292d);
	color: inherit;
	border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;
	padding: 0.2em;
}

/* Add arrows to toggle-blocks for collapsible elements */
.mw-collapsible-arrowtoggle.mw-collapsible-toggle-expanded {
 padding-left: 20px !important;
 background-image: url('//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/MediaWiki_Vector_skin_action_arrow.png');
 background-repeat: no-repeat;
 background-position: center left;
}
.mw-collapsible-arrowtoggle.mw-collapsible-toggle-collapsed {
 padding-left: 20px !important;
 background-image: url('//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/MediaWiki_Vector_skin_right_arrow.png');
 background-repeat: no-repeat;
 background-position: center left;
}

body #siteSub { display: none; }

/* Fix the background color on the sitenotice */
table#mw-dismissable-notice { background-color: transparent; }

/* Selectively hide headers in WikiProject banners */
.wpb .wpb-header             { display: none; }
.wpbs-inner .wpb .wpb-header { display: table-row; } /* for other browsers */
.wpbs-inner .wpb-outside     { display: none; }      /* hide things that should only display outside shells */

.nowraplinks a, .nowraplinks .selflink { white-space: nowrap; }

/* Hack to remove comment box for FlaggedRevs, since we seem unable to remove it from configuration. */
#mw-fr-commentbox { display:none; }
label[for=&quot;mw-fr-commentbox&quot;]{display: none;}

body.page-Special_RecentChanges {
	/* Highlight edit filter tags */
	span.mw-tag-markers {background-color: rgba(255, 51, 51, 0.25);}
}

/* Keep menus in toolbox from growing too long */
.wikiEditor-ui-toolbar .group .menu .options { height:300px; overflow: auto; }

/* Show only when printing */
@media screen, projection, handheld {
  .printonly { display: none !important; }
}

/* Re-bold-en minor and bot edits in contributions, history, recent changes */
abbr.minoredit, abbr.botedit {
  font-weight: bold;
}

#catlinks li {
    padding:0 .3em;
    margin:0;
}
#catlinks li:first-child {
    padding-left:0;
}

/* Category tree */
#mw-subcategories ul {
    list-style: none none;
    margin-left: 0.25em;
}
.CategoryTreeChildren {
    margin-left: 1.25em;
}

/* To color the &quot;updated since my last visit&quot; in the history */
span.updatedmarker {
 color: #000;
 background: #99D642;
}

/* Geographical coordinates defaults. See [[Template:Coord/link]]
   for how these are used. The classes &quot;geo&quot;, &quot;longitude&quot;, and
   &quot;latitude&quot; are used by the [[w:Geo microformat]].
 */
.geo-default, .geo-dms, .geo-dec  { display: inline; }
.geo-nondefault, .geo-multi-punct { display: none; }
.longitude, .latitude             { white-space: nowrap; }

.nobuttons input.searchboxSearchButton,
.nobuttons input.cdx-button {
    display:none;
}

/* T156351: Support for Parsoid's Cite implementation */
span[ rel=&quot;mw:referencedBy&quot; ] {
    counter-reset: mw-ref-linkback 0;
}   
span[ rel=&quot;mw:referencedBy&quot; ] &gt; a::before {
    font-weight: bold;
    font-style: italic;
    content: counter( mw-ref-linkback, lower-alpha );
}

/* System messages styled similarly to fmbox */
/* for .mw-warning-with-logexcerpt, behavior of this line differs between
 * the edit-protected notice and the special:Contribs for blocked users
 * The latter has specificity of 3 classes so we have to triple up here.
 */
.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt,
div.mw-lag-warn-high,
div.mw-cascadeprotectedwarning,
div#mw-protect-cascadeon {
	clear: both;
	margin: 0.2em 0;
	border: 1px solid #bb7070;
	background-color: var(--background-color-error-subtle, #ffdbdb);
	padding: 0.25em 0.9em;
	box-sizing: border-box;
}

/* default colors for partial block message */
/* gotta get over the hump introduced by the triple class above */
.mw-contributions-blocked-notice-partial .mw-warning-with-logexcerpt.mw-warning-with-logexcerpt {
	border-color: var(--border-color-warning, #ab7f2a);
	background-color: var(--background-color-warning-subtle, #fef6e7);
}

/* Remove bullets when there are multiple edit page warnings */
ul.permissions-errors {
	margin: 0;
}

ul.permissions-errors &gt; li {
	list-style: none;
}

/* smart counters - allow up to #.#.# levels of counting. */
body { counter-reset: autocount-1 autocount-2 autocount-3; }

.autocount:before, .autocount-list ol li:before { counter-increment:autocount-1; content: counter(autocount-1) &quot; &quot;; color:green; }
.autocount-reset:before { counter-reset: autocount-1; }
.autocount .autocount:before, .autocount-list li ol li:before {
  counter-increment: autocount-2;
  content: counter(autocount-1)  &quot;.&quot; counter(autocount-2) &quot; &quot;;
  color:red;
}

.autocount .autocount .autocount:before, .autocount-list li li ol li:before {
  counter-increment: autocount-3;
  content: counter(autocount-1) &quot;.&quot; counter(autocount-2) &quot;.&quot; counter(autocount-3) &quot; &quot;;
  color:green;
}

.autocount-list ol { margin-left:1.5em; }
.autocount-list ol li { list-style:none; }
.autocount-list ol li:first-child { counter-reset: autocount-1; }
.autocount-list li ol li:first-child { counter-reset: autocount-2; }
.autocount-list li li ol li:first-child { counter-reset: autocount-3; }

/* Hover Box for switching the visibility of the selected item */
.hoverbox { display:inline-block; padding:0em; }
.hoverbox .hoveritem { display:none; margin:0em; padding:0em; }
.hoverbox .hoveritem.selected { display:inline-block; }
.hoverbox:hover .hoveritem { display:inline-block; }
.hoverbox:hover .hoveritem.selected { display:none; }

/* Infobox template style */
.infobox {
	border:1px solid #aaa;
	background-color: #f9f9f9;
	color:black;
	margin: 0.5em 0em 0.5em 1em;
	padding: 0.2em;
	float: right;
	clear: right;
}
.infobox td, .infobox th {
	vertical-align:top;
}
.infobox caption {
	font-size: larger;
	margin-left: inherit;
	margin-right: inherit;
}
.infobox.bordered {
	border-collapse: collapse;
}
.infobox.bordered td, .infobox.bordered th {
	border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;
}
.infobox.bordered .borderless td, .infobox.bordered .borderless th {
	border: 0px;
}
.infobox.sisterproject {
	width: 20em; font-size:90%;
}
.infobox.standard-talk {
	border: 1px solid #c0c090;
	background-color:#f8eaba;
}
.infobox.standard-talk.bordered td, .infobox.standard-talk.bordered th {
	border: 1px solid #c0c090; 
}
 
/* styles for bordered infobox with merged rows */
.infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow td, .infobox.bordered .mergedtoprow th { border:0px; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa; }
.infobox.bordered .mergedrow td, .infobox.bordered .mergedrow th { border:0px; border-right:1px solid #aaaaaa; }

/* Styles for geography infoboxes, eg countries, country subdivisions, cities, etc. */
.infobox.geography { text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; line-height:1.2em;  font-size:90%; }
.infobox.geography td, .infobox.geography th { border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em; }
.infobox.geography .mergedtoprow td, .infobox.geography .mergedtoprow th { border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em; } 
.infobox.geography .mergedrow td, .infobox.geography .mergedrow th { border:0px; padding:0em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em; } 
.infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow td, .infobox.geography .mergedbottomrow th {
  border-top:0px; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; padding:0em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em;
}
.infobox.geography .maptable td, .infobox.geography .maptable th { border:0px; padding:0px; }

/* Style for horizontal UL lists */
.horizontal ul, .DPLFlat ul { padding:0em; margin:0em; }
.horizontal li, .DPLFlat li { display:inline; padding:0em 0.6em 0em 0.4em; border-right:1px solid #AAA; }
.horizontal li:last-child, .DPLFlat li:last-child { border-right:0em; padding-right:0em; }

/* Style for vertical UL lists */
.vertical ul { list-style:none; padding:0px; margin:0px; }
.vertical li { padding:0.6em 0em 0.4em 0em; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa; }
.vertical li:last-child { border-bottom:0px; }

/* Style for horizontal lists (separator following item) */
.skin-monobook .hlist dl,
.skin-modern .hlist dl,
.skin-vector .hlist dl {
    line-height: 1.5em;
}
.hlist dl,
.hlist ol,
.hlist ul {
    margin: 0;
}
.hlist dd,
.hlist dt,
.hlist li { 
    display: inline;
    margin: 0;
}
/* Display nested lists inline */
.hlist dl dl,
.hlist ol ol,
.hlist ul ul {
    display: inline;
}
/* Generate interpuncts */
.hlist dt:after {
    content: &quot;:&quot;;
}
.hlist dd:after,
.hlist li:after {
    content: &quot; ·&quot;;
    font-weight: bold;
}
.hlist dd:last-child:after,
.hlist dt:last-child:after,
.hlist li:last-child:after {
    content: none;
}
/* for IE 8 */
.hlist dd.hlist-last-child:after,
.hlist dt.hlist-last-child:after,
.hlist li.hlist-last-child:after {
    content: none;
}
/* Add parens around nested lists */
.hlist dl dl dd:first-child:before,
.hlist ol ol li:first-child:before,
.hlist ul ul li:first-child:before {
    content: &quot;(&quot;;
}
.hlist dl dl dd:last-child:after,
.hlist ol ol li:last-child:after,
.hlist ul ul li:last-child:after {
    content: &quot;)&quot;;
    font-weight: normal;
}
/* For IE8 */
.hlist dl dl dd.hlist-last-child:after,
.hlist ol ol li.hlist-last-child:after,
.hlist ul ul li.hlist-last-child:after {
    content: &quot;)&quot;;
    font-weight: normal;
}
/* Put numbers in ordered lists */
.hlist.hnum ol li {
    counter-increment: level1;
}
.hlist.hnum ol li:before {
    content: counter(level1) &quot; &quot;;
}
.hlist.hnum ol ol li {
    counter-increment: level2;
}
.hlist.hnum ol ol li:first-child:before {
    content: &quot;(&quot; counter(level2) &quot; &quot;;
}
.hlist.hnum ol ol li:before {
    content: counter(level2) &quot; &quot;;
}
 
/* Unbulleted lists */
.plainlist ul {
    line-height: inherit;
    list-style: none none;
    margin: 0;
}
.plainlist ul li {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Make the list of references smaller */
div.references {
    font-size: 90%;
}

/* Highlight clicked reference in blue to help navigation */
div.references li:target,
sup.reference:target,
span.citation:target { 
    background-color: #DEF;
}

/* Ensure refs in table headers and the like aren't bold or italic */
sup.reference {
    font-weight: normal;
    font-style: normal;
}

/* Styling for citations */
span.citation, cite {
    font-style: normal;
    word-wrap: break-word;
}

/* For linked citation numbers and document IDs, where
   the number need not be shown on a screen or a handheld,
   but should be included in the printed version
*/
@media screen, handheld {
    span.citation *.printonly {
        display: none;
    }
}

/* xambox */
table.xambox {
  width: 80%; 
  margin: 0 auto; 
  border-collapse: collapse; 
  background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);
  color: inherit;
  border: 1px solid #aaa; 
  border-left: 15px solid #39f;       /* Default &quot;notice&quot; blue */
}
table.xambox th, table.xambox td {    /* The message body cell(s) */
  padding: 0.25em 0.5em;              /* 0.5em left/right */
}
table.xambox td.xambox-image {        /* The left image cell */
  width: 52px; 
  padding: 2px 0px 2px 0.5em;         /* 0.5em left, 0px right */
  text-align: center; 
}
table.xambox td.xambox-imageright {   /* The right image cell */
  width: 52px; 
  padding: 2px 0.5em 2px 0px;         /* 0px left, 0.5em right */
  text-align: center; 
}
table.xambox-type-notice {
  border-left: 15px solid #39f;       /* Blue */
/* border-right: 10px solid #39f; */  /* If you want two blue bars */
}
table.xambox-type-serious {
  border-left: 15px solid #c00;       /* Red */
}
table.xambox-type-content {
  border-left: 15px solid #f63;       /* Orange */
}
table.xambox-type-style {
  border-left: 15px solid #fc3;       /* Yellow */
}
table.xambox-type-merge {
  border-left: 15px solid #95b;       /* Purple */
}

/* Put a checkered background at the file description page only visible if the image has transparent background */
.gallerybox .thumb img,
.filehistory a img,
#file img {
    background: white url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Checker-16x16.png&quot;) repeat;
}

/* Makes the background of a framed transparent image white instead of gray. */
div.thumb div a img { background-color:#ffffff; }

/* Change the external link icon to an Adobe icon anywhere the PDFlink class
   is used (notably Template:PDFlink). This works in IE. */
#content span.PDFlink a,
#mw_content span.PDFlink a {
    background: url(&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif&quot;) center right no-repeat;
    padding-right: 18px;
}

/* Collapsible Containers */
.collapsible { margin:0px; padding:0px; }
.collapsible .title, .collapsible tr:first-child th, .collapsible tr:first-child td { cursor:pointer; padding-right:16px; color:inherit; }
.collapsible.selected .title, .collapsible.selected tr:first-child th, .collapsible.selected tr:first-child td { color:inherit; }
.collapsible span.action { display:block; float:left; white-space:nowrap; text-align:left; height:16px; margin:auto 5px auto 0px; padding:0px; }
.collapsible span.action img { height:16px; width:16px; margin:0px; padding:0px; }

/* Default skin for navigation boxes */
table.navbox { border:1px solid #aaaaaa; width:100%; margin:auto; clear:both; font-size:88%; text-align:center; padding:1px; }
.navbox .collapsible{border:none;}
table.navbox + table.navbox { margin-top: -1px; }
.navbox-title, .navbox-abovebelow, table.navbox th { text-align:center; padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em; }
.navbox-group { white-space:nowrap; text-align:right; font-weight:bold; padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em; }
.navbox, .navbox-subgroup { background:#fdfdfd; }
.navbox-list { border-color:#fdfdfd; }
.navbox-title, table.navbox th { background:#ccccff; }
.navbox-abovebelow, .navbox-group, .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title { background: #ddddff; }
.navbox-subgroup .navbox-group, .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow { background: #e6e6ff; }
.navbox-even { background: #f7f7f7; }
.navbox-odd { background: transparent; }

/* Navigation Tabs */
.navtabs .tabs li { list-style:none; }
.navtabs .tabs a { text-decoration:none; text-transform:uppercase; outline-width:0px; font-size:x-small; font-weight:bold; color:black; } 
.navtabs .tabs .inactive { background:#bbb; padding:1ex; }
.navtabs .tabs .selected { background:#999; padding:1.1ex; }
.navtabs .tabs .inactive:hover { background:#f75; }
.navtabs .contents { padding:1ex; border:3px solid #999; }

/* search styling */
.mw-search-results { margin:0em; }
.mw-search-results table { background: transparent; margin:0em; }
.mw-search-results li { padding: 0.5em 1em; border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); background: #f6f8fc; margin:0em; }
.mw-search-results li:nth-child(odd) { background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color: inherit; }
.mw-search-results li:nth-child(even) { background: var(--background-color-base, #fff); color: inherit; }
.mw-search-results .searchresult { width:100%; }

/* When &lt;div class=&quot;nonumtoc&quot;&gt; is used on the table of contents, the ToC will display without numbers */
.toclimit-count .tocnumber, .nonumtoc .tocnumber { display:none; }
/* Allow limiting of which header levels are shown in a TOC; &lt;div class=&quot;toclimit-3&quot;&gt;, for
instance, will limit to showing ==headings== and ===headings=== but no further (as long as
there are no =headings= on the page, which there shouldn't be according to the MoS). */
.toclimit-2 .toclevel-2 {display:none;}
.toclimit-3 .toclevel-3 {display:none;}
.toclimit-4 .toclevel-4 {display:none;}
.toclimit-5 .toclevel-5 {display:none;}
.toclimit-6 .toclevel-6 {display:none;}</text>
      <sha1>6gb5zugwwou5hr8ueul8oqxi48t8k29</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:!</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>78243</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641921</id>
      <parentid>4451040</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T20:06:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2028</username>
        <id>3609666</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Removed editing!</comment>
      <origin>4641921</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="61" sha1="0jmm3o02jih1igs53tfxa43o60imjpv" xml:space="preserve">|&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation|content={{!/doc}}}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>0jmm3o02jih1igs53tfxa43o60imjpv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Answer Key</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>115681</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641867</id>
      <parentid>4641406</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:36:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641867</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="926" sha1="mnhri18t7vi6p16m7hjrw18k0yjt1x4" xml:space="preserve">==Lesson 1==
===Matching Sentences===
1c,2g,3d,4b,5f,6a,7h,8e
==Lesson 2==
===Translate and transliterate the following sentences.===
Are you busy today?&lt;br&gt;
I'm very busy today. I have five classes!&lt;br&gt;
Five classes? That's too many. I only have one class today.&lt;br&gt;
One class? That's too few!&lt;br&gt;

I only have three classes today. I am very busy.

How are you? I'm very well; how about you?&lt;br&gt;
I'm very well, thank you.&lt;br&gt;
What is your name? I'm Maria; how about you?&lt;br&gt;

I'm American. Are you Chinese?&lt;br&gt;
Yes.&lt;br&gt;
I am Chinese.&lt;br&gt;
==Lesson 9==
===Create the following sentences:===
*厕所在哪里?/廁所在哪裡?
*出口在哪里?/出口在哪裡?

== Appendices-Nations of the World ==
===Translate these sentences:===
*I am American.
*I am British.
*I am Chinese.
*He is from Europe.
*This is a Japanese product.
*China-US relations
*This product is made in China.
*This product is not made in China.
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>mnhri18t7vi6p16m7hjrw18k0yjt1x4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>140081</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641835</id>
      <parentid>4641802</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:10:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Reporting Amz.bizistech</comment>
      <origin>4641835</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5006" sha1="s3tue34ff6k00wh5dlsdjklckkj1kx4" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}
{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].&lt;br /&gt;''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''.  You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.

You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say &lt;code&gt;!admin&lt;/code&gt; to get attention).

For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== RS-Top SEO Services reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|RS-Top SEO Services}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/RS-Top SEO Services/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:15, 17 June 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:30, 17 June 2026 (UTC)
== Acemq7 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Acemq7}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Acemq7/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 22:27, 17 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:03, 18 June 2026 (UTC)
== Hcrobotics2026 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Hcrobotics2026}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312962]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Hcrobotics2026/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:21, 21 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:10, 21 June 2026 (UTC)
== Templebhard reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Templebhard}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Templebhard/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:06, 22 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:22, 25 June 2026 (UTC)

== Vantagemdm1 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Vantagemdm1}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/313018]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Vantagemdm1/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:29, 25 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:23, 25 June 2026 (UTC)

== [[:Category:Wikibooks fully protected edit requests]] needs a clean out ==

Has several unhandled requests dating back to December. Thanks. [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 04:56, 7 June 2026 (UTC)
: Restored from archive since this stlll hasn't been dealt with. [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 19:04, 25 June 2026 (UTC)
== Lisawilliam2 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Lisawilliam2}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Lisawilliam2/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:11, 29 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}} by Kittycataclysm. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:27, 29 June 2026 (UTC)
== Amz.bizistech reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Amz.bizistech}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Amz.bizistech/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 30 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>s3tue34ff6k00wh5dlsdjklckkj1kx4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641839</id>
      <parentid>4641835</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:11:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Atcovi</username>
        <id>1015207</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Amz.bizistech reported by MathXplore */ Reply</comment>
      <origin>4641839</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5147" sha1="2phq379qmmomgt5xzaz8wkoqnk86lbe" xml:space="preserve">__NEWSECTIONLINK__ {{Discussion Rooms}} {{shortcut|WB:AN|WB:AA}} {{TOC left}}
{{User:MiszaBot/config
|archive = Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/%(year)d/%(monthname)s
|algo = old(14d)
|counter = 1
|minthreadstoarchive = 1
|minthreadsleft = 1
}}
{{ombox|type=content|text='''To request a rename or usurpation''', go to the global request page at Meta [[meta:SRUC|here]].&lt;br /&gt;''Please do not post those requests here!''}}
{{Clear}}
Welcome to the '''Administrative Assistance reading room'''.  You can request assistance from [[WB:ADMIN|administrators]] for handling a variety of problems here and alert them about problems which may require special actions not normally used during regular content editing. Please be patient as administrators are often quite busy with either their own projects or trying to perform general maintenance and cleanup.

You can deal with most vandalism yourself: [[Wikibooks:Dealing with vandalism|fix it]], then [[Wikibooks:Templates/User_notices|warn the user]]. If there is repeated vandalism by one user, lots of vandalism on a single page, or vandalism from many users, tell an admin here, or in [irc://irc.freenode.net/wikibooks #wikibooks] (say &lt;code&gt;!admin&lt;/code&gt; to get attention).

For more general questions and assistance that doesn't require an administrator, please use the [[WB:HELP|Assistance Reading Room]].
{{clear}}

[[Category:Reading room]]

== RS-Top SEO Services reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|RS-Top SEO Services}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/RS-Top SEO Services/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:15, 17 June 2026 (UTC)

:{{done}} —[[User:Kittycataclysm|Kittycataclysm]] ([[User talk:Kittycataclysm|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Kittycataclysm|contribs]]) 13:30, 17 June 2026 (UTC)
== Acemq7 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Acemq7}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Acemq7/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 22:27, 17 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 00:03, 18 June 2026 (UTC)
== Hcrobotics2026 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Hcrobotics2026}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/312962]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Hcrobotics2026/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 02:21, 21 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 03:10, 21 June 2026 (UTC)
== Templebhard reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Templebhard}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Templebhard/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:06, 22 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:22, 25 June 2026 (UTC)

== Vantagemdm1 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Vantagemdm1}}

Link spam, [[Special:AbuseLog/313018]] &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Vantagemdm1/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:29, 25 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}}. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 15:23, 25 June 2026 (UTC)

== [[:Category:Wikibooks fully protected edit requests]] needs a clean out ==

Has several unhandled requests dating back to December. Thanks. [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 04:56, 7 June 2026 (UTC)
: Restored from archive since this stlll hasn't been dealt with. [[User:Pppery|Pppery]] ([[User talk:Pppery|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Pppery|contribs]]) 19:04, 25 June 2026 (UTC)
== Lisawilliam2 reported by MathXplore ==

* {{userlinks|Lisawilliam2}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Lisawilliam2/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:11, 29 June 2026 (UTC)
: {{done}} by Kittycataclysm. [[User:Codename Noreste|&lt;span style=&quot;color:#0024FF&quot;&gt;Codename Noreste&lt;/span&gt;]] ([[User talk:Codename Noreste|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Codename Noreste|contribs]]) 23:27, 29 June 2026 (UTC)
== Amz.bizistech reported by MathXplore ==
* {{userlinks|Amz.bizistech}}

Spam &lt;!-- USERREPORTED:/Amz.bizistech/ --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 30 June 2026 (UTC)

:'''Blocked'''. —[[User:Atcovi|Atcovi]] [[User talk:Atcovi|(Talk]] - [[Special:Contributions/Atcovi|Contribs)]] 12:11, 30 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>2phq379qmmomgt5xzaz8wkoqnk86lbe</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Outdated</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>156584</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641919</id>
      <parentid>4598818</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T20:04:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2028</username>
        <id>3609666</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Fixed</comment>
      <origin>4641919</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="472" sha1="kzsd0yxisxl778g2jcah1svfa1nxbwe" xml:space="preserve">{{ambox|type=content|text='''This {{#if: {{{is book|}}}book|page}} may need to be updated to reflect current knowledge.'''&lt;br /&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}&lt;br /&gt;}}&lt;small&gt;You can [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help update it], [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discuss progress]], or [[WB:PROJECT|request assistance]].&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Outdated pages|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}[[Category:Maintenance templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>kzsd0yxisxl778g2jcah1svfa1nxbwe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641920</id>
      <parentid>4641919</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T20:04:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2028</username>
        <id>3609666</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Eh?</comment>
      <origin>4641920</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="473" sha1="ivlgw77hida2msv2ijo570i8a69og0j" xml:space="preserve">{{ambox|type=content|text='''This {{#if: {{{is book|}}}|book|page}} may need to be updated to reflect current knowledge.'''&lt;br /&gt;{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{{1}}}&lt;br /&gt;}}&lt;small&gt;You can [{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=edit}} help update it], [[{{TALKPAGENAME}}|discuss progress]], or [[WB:PROJECT|request assistance]].&lt;/small&gt;}}&lt;includeonly&gt;[[Category:Outdated pages|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/includeonly&gt;&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Documentation}}[[Category:Maintenance templates|{{PAGENAME}}]]&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>ivlgw77hida2msv2ijo570i8a69og0j</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:MenoBot</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>161780</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641926</id>
      <parentid>4529991</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T21:18:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Meno25</username>
        <id>43227</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>-1</comment>
      <origin>4641926</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1588" sha1="7nypurvmnxwtdqacxmwn8o7sw1ckm6f" xml:space="preserve">This is an interwiki bot operated by [[w:en:User:Meno25|Meno25]].

[[af:User:MenoBot]]
[[ar:User:MenoBot]]
[[az:User:MenoBot]]
[[ba:User:MenoBot]]
[[be:User:MenoBot]]
[[bg:User:MenoBot]]
[[bn:User:MenoBot]]
[[bs:User:MenoBot]]
[[ca:User:MenoBot]]
[[cs:User:MenoBot]]
[[cv:User:MenoBot]]
[[cy:User:MenoBot]]
[[da:User:MenoBot]]
[[de:User:MenoBot]]
[[el:User:MenoBot]]
[[eo:User:MenoBot]]
[[es:User:MenoBot]]
[[et:User:MenoBot]]
[[eu:User:MenoBot]]
[[fa:User:MenoBot]]
[[fi:User:MenoBot]]
[[fr:User:MenoBot]]
[[fy:User:MenoBot]]
[[gl:User:MenoBot]]
[[he:User:MenoBot]]
[[hi:User:MenoBot]]
[[hr:User:MenoBot]]
[[hu:User:MenoBot]]
[[hy:User:MenoBot]]
[[ia:User:MenoBot]]
[[id:User:MenoBot]]
[[is:User:MenoBot]]
[[it:User:MenoBot]]
[[ja:User:MenoBot]]
[[ka:User:MenoBot]]
[[kk:User:MenoBot]]
[[km:User:MenoBot]]
[[ko:User:MenoBot]]
[[ku:User:MenoBot]]
[[la:User:MenoBot]]
[[li:User:MenoBot]]
[[lt:User:MenoBot]]
[[mg:User:MenoBot]]
[[min:User:MenoBot]]
[[mk:User:MenoBot]]
[[ml:User:MenoBot]]
[[mr:User:MenoBot]]
[[ms:User:MenoBot]]
[[ne:User:MenoBot]]
[[nl:User:MenoBot]]
[[no:User:MenoBot]]
[[oc:User:MenoBot]]
[[pa:User:MenoBot]]
[[pl:User:MenoBot]]
[[pt:User:MenoBot]]
[[ro:User:MenoBot]]
[[ru:User:MenoBot]]
[[sa:User:MenoBot]]
[[shn:User:MenoBot]]
[[si:User:MenoBot]]
[[sk:User:MenoBot]]
[[sl:User:MenoBot]]
[[sq:User:MenoBot]]
[[sr:User:MenoBot]]
[[sv:User:MenoBot]]
[[ta:User:MenoBot]]
[[te:User:MenoBot]]
[[tg:User:MenoBot]]
[[th:User:MenoBot]]
[[tl:User:MenoBot]]
[[tr:User:MenoBot]]
[[tt:User:MenoBot]]
[[uk:User:MenoBot]]
[[ur:User:MenoBot]]
[[vi:User:MenoBot]]
[[zh:User:MenoBot]]</text>
      <sha1>7nypurvmnxwtdqacxmwn8o7sw1ckm6f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>171033</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641898</id>
      <parentid>4641558</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T17:25:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641898</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="59881" sha1="il3ovpknfk7aj4oey2z2339i8lkv6yh" xml:space="preserve">__NOTOC__
{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:100%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;&quot;&gt;Structural Biochemistry&lt;/span&gt;}}
Structural biochemistry is a branch of the life sciences, specially biochemistry, that combines biology, physics, and chemistry to study living organisms and to summarize some mutual physicochemical underlying principles that all forms of life share. It is also referred to more generally as structural biology. Structural biochemists aim to describe, in atomic precision level, molecular terms of the structures, mechanisms, and chemical processes shared by all metabolism of all organisms, providing organizing principles that underlie life in all its diverse forms.

&lt;center&gt;[[Image:EIF4E-interaction with cap analogue.png|500x300px|Depiction of interaction between cap analogue molecule and eIF4E protein.]]&lt;/center&gt;{{clear}}
{{Book Search|prefix=Structural Biochemistry}}
{{print version}}
{{PDF version|Structural Biochemistry_Volume_1|PDF Version of Volume 1}} 
{{PDF version|Structural Biochemistry_Volume_2|PDF Version of Volume 2}} 
{{PDF version|Structural Biochemistry_Volume_3|PDF Version of Volume 3}} 
{{PDF version|Structural Biochemistry_Volume_4|PDF Version of Volume 4}} 
==[[/Relations of Structural Biochemistry with other Sciences/]]==
===[[/Physics/]]===
# [[/Thermodynamics/]]
## [[/Zeroth Law/]]
## [[/First law/]]
## [[/Second law/]]
### [[/Carnot Cycle/|Thermodynamic Cycles]]
## [[/Third law/]]
## [[/Internal Energy/]]
## [[/Entropy/]]
## [[/Enthalpy/]]
## [[/Heat capacity/]]
## [[/Free energy/]]
## [[/Material Equilibrium/]]
## [[/Phase Diagrams/]]
## [[/Phase Equilibria/]]
## [[/Endergonic reaction/]]
## [[/Exergonic reaction/]]
## [[/Molecular Thermodynamics/]]
## [[/Thermodynamic Equilibrium/]]
## [[/Ideal Gas/]]
## [[/Equation for Process Calculations for Ideal Gases/]]
## [[/Irreversible Process/]]
## [[/Application of the Virial Equations/]]
# [[/Bioenergetics/]]
# [[/Energy coupling in chemical reactions/]]
# [[/Metabolism/]]
## [[/Anabolism/]]
## [[/Catabolism/]]
# [[/Biophysics- Single Molecule techniques/]]

===[[/Chemistry/]]===
#[[/Chemical Bonding/]]
##[[/Chemical Bonding/Covalent bonds|Covalent Bonds]]
##[[/Chemical Bonding/Noncovalent bonds|Noncovalent Bonds]]
##[[/Chemical Bonding/Hydrogen bonds|Hydrogen bonds]]
##[[/Chemical Bonding/Hydrophobic interaction|Hydrophobic Interaction]]
##[[/Chemical Bonding/Van der Waals interaction|Van der Waals Interaction]]
##[[/Chemical Bonding/Dipole interaction|Dipole Interaction]]
##[[/Chemical Bonding/Ionic interaction|Ionic Interaction]]
##[[/Chemical Bonding/ Disulfide bonds|Disulfide Bonds]]
###[[/Chemical Bonding/ Disulfide bonds/Multiple Ways to make Disulfides|Multiple ways to make Disulfides]]
##[[/Chemical Bonding/ Electronic Structure Theories|Electronic Structure Theories]]
#[[/Biochemical Natural Selection/]]
##[[/Chemical Bonding/ Electronic Structure Theories|Electronic Structure Theories]]
#[[/Organic Chemistry/]]
##[[/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group|Organic Functional Groups]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Hydroxyl|Hydroxyl]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Carbonyl|Carbonyl]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Carboxyl|Carboxyl]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Amino|Amino]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Amide|Amide]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Sulfhydryl|Sulfhydryl]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Phosphate|Phosphate]]
##[[/Organic Chemistry/Organic Synthesis|Organic Synthesis]]
##[[/Organic Chemistry/Types of Macromolecules|Types of Macromolecules]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Carbohydrates|Carbohydrates]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Nucleic Acids (DNA)|Nucleic Acids]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Lipids|Lipids]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Proteins|Proteins]]
##[[/Organic Chemistry/Reagents|Reagents]]
##[[/Organic Chemistry/Mechanisms of Organic Molecules|Mechanisms of Organic Molecules]]
##[[/Organic Chemistry/Stereochemistry|Stereochemistry of Organic Molecules]]
##[[/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/|Chemistry of Important Organic Molecules in Biochemistry]]
###[[/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamins and Cofactors|Vitamins and Cofactors]]
###[[/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamin D|Vitamin D]]
###[[/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamin K|Vitamin K]]
###[[/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamin C|Vitamin C]]
###[[/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamin A|Vitamin A]]
###[[/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamin E|Vitamin E]]
###[[/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamin B|Vitamin B]]
####[[/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamin B12|Vitamin B12]]
####[[/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamin B6|Vitamin B6]]
##[[/Organic Chemistry/Important Organic Reactions in Biochemistry|Important Organic Reactions in Biochemistry]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Important Organic Reactions in Biochemistry/Peptide Bonding|Peptide Bonding]]
##[[/Organic Chemistry/Techniques in Organic Chemistry|Techniques in Organic Chemistry]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Methods of Separation and Isolation|Methods of Separation and Isolation]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Methods of Purification|Methods of Purification]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Methods of Identification|Methods of Identification]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Method of Combustion Analysis|Method of Combustion Analysis]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Method of Fischer Esterification|Fischer Esterification]]
###[[/Organic Chemistry/Method of Trans Esterification|Trans Esterification]]
##[[/Organic Chemistry/Organic Chemistry Terms|Organic Chemistry Terms]]
##[[/Organic Chemistry/Synthesis|Synthesis]]
##[[/Organometallic Chemistry/]]
###[[/Bioorganometallic Chemistry/]]
##[[/Degree of Unsaturation/]]
##[[/Acid-Base Chemistry/]]
#[[/Inorganic Chemistry/]]
##[[/Metals/]]
###[[/Alkali Metals/]]
###[[/Alkali Earth metals/|Alkali Earth Metals]]
###[[/Transition Metals/]]
###[[/Poor Metals/]]
###[[/Rare Earth Metals/]]
###[[/Biological Roles of Metal Ions/]]
###[[/Oxidation states/]]
###[[/Copper Metallochaperones/]]
###[[/Bioremediation of Metals/]]
##[[/Inorganic Chemistry/Semimetals|Metalloids/Semimetals]]
###[[/Inorganic Chemistry/Semimetals|Introduction of porous Silicon]]
###[[/Carbon Nanomaterials/]]
##[[/Nonmetals/]]
###[[/Inorganic Chemistry/Nonmetals/Halogens|Halogens]]
###[[/Noble Gases/]]
##[[/Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals/]]
##[[/Molecular Orbitals/]]
##[[/How to Construct Molecular Orbital Diagram/]]
##[[/Reduction Formula and Projection Operator/]]
#[[/Point Groups/]]
#[[/Character Table/]]
#[[/SALC/]]
#[[/Chemical Reactions/]]
##[[/Rate Laws/]]
##[[/Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control/]]
##[[/Reaction types/]]
#[[/Molecular Geometry/]]
#[[/Periodic trends/]]
##[[/Atomic Radius/]]
##[[/Electron Affinity/]]
##[[/Electronegativity/]]
##[[/Ionization Energy/]]
##[[/Metallic Behavior/]]
##[[/Melting Point/]]
#[[/Medicinal Chemistry/]]
#[[/Cystalline solid state/]]
##[[/Formulas and structures/]]
#[[/General Chemistry/]]
##[[/Significant Figures/]]
##[[/Matter/]]

===[[/Biological Bases/|Biology]] ===
#[[/Properties of Living Organisms/]]
#[[/Retinoid/]]
====[[/Evolutionary Bases/|Evolution]]====
#[[/History of the Earth/]]
# [[/RNA World Hypothesis|RNA World Hypothesis]]
#[[/Evolution in the Laboratory/]]
#[[/Evolution of Humans/]]
#[[/Evolution of Populations/]]
#[[/The Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis/]]
#[[/Molecular Evolution/]]
# [[/Three Domains of Life/]]
##[[/Three Domains of Life/Archaea|Archaea]]
###[[/Three Domains of Life/Archaea/SAMPylation Protein in Archaea|SAMPylation Protein in Archaea]]
##[[/Three Domains of Life/Bacteria|Bacteria]]
##[[/Three Domains of Life/Eukarya|Eukarya]]
###[[/Three Domains of Life/Eukarya/Community Ecology|Community Ecology]]
# [[/The Endosymbiotic Theory/]]
# [[/The Evolution of Membranes/]]
# [[/Natural Selection of Aluminum and Silicon/]]
# [[/Speciation/]]
# [[/Gene Flow/]]
# [[/Organismic and Evolutionary Biology/]]
#[[/Hardy-Weinberg Principle/]]

====[[/Cellular Bases/|The Cell]]====
# [[/Cell Organelles|Cell Organelles and Structural Biochemistry]]
## [[/Cell Organelles/Nucleus|Nucleus]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Nucleolus|Nucleolus]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Ribosome|Ribosome]]
###[[/Cell Organelles/Ribosome/Ribosome Synthesis|Ribosome Synthesis]]
###[[/Cell Organelles/Ribosome/Maturation|Maturation]]
###[[/Cell Organelles/Ribosome/RNP|RNP]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Chloroplast|Chloroplast]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Proteins|Proteins]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Endoplasmic Reticulum|Endoplasmic Reticulum]]
###[[/Cell Organelles/Endoplasmic Reticulum/ER Stress &amp; Type 2 Diabetes|ER Stress &amp; Type 2 Diabetes]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Golgi Apparatus|Golgi Apparatus]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Mitochondria|Mitochondria]]
###[[/Cell Organelles/Mitochondria/Cardiolipin and the Mitochondria|Cardiolipin and the Mitochondria]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Centrioles|Centrioles]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Cytosol|Cytosol]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Lysosome|Lysosome]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Peroxisome|Peroxisome]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Cytoskeleton|Cytoskeleton]]
##[[/Functional Categories of Eukaryotic Organelles/]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Plant Cell|Plant Cell]]
###[[/Cell Organelles/Plant Cell/Heat Stress Response|Heat Stress Response]]
### [[/Cell Organelles/Plant Cell/Cellulosomes|Cellulosomes]]
##[[/Cell Organelles/Animal Cell|Animal Cell]]
###[[/Cell Organelles/Animal Cell/Membrane Contact Site|Membrane Contact Site]]
##[[/Imaging cellular architecture with X-rays/]]
##[[/Fluorescence/]]
##[[/Cell Aging/]]
##[[/Cell Adhesion/]]
#[[/Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes/]]
##[[/CRISPR defense system (Prokaryotes)/]]
##[[/Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes/]]
##[[/Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes/]]
##[[/Eukaryotic Alternative Splicing/]]
##[[/Metal Levels in Eukaryotes/]]
#[[/Stem Cells/]]
##[[/Embryonic Stem Cells/]]
##[[/Adult Stem Cells/]]
#[[/Cells Transforming Energy/]]
## [[/Metabolism Coupled Reactions/]]
##[[/ATP/]]
##[[/Acetyl-CoA/]]
##[[/Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis/]]
### [[/Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)/]]
### [[/Aerobic Respiration/]]
### [[/Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex/]]
### [[/Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid cycle)/]]
### [[/Oxidative Phosphorylation Cycle (Electron Transport Chain cycle)/]]
### [[/Gluconeogenesis/]]
### [[/Phosphofructokinase-1/]]
#### [[/Micro-purification/]]
##[[/Light Reaction/]]
##[[/Calvin Cycle/]]
##[[/The Pentose Phosphate Pathway/]]
#[[/Control Systems/]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Nervous System|Nervous System]]
###[[/Parkinson's Disease/]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Circulatory System|Circulatory System]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Excretory System|Excretory System]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Respiratory System|Respiratory System]]
### [[/Asthma/Asthma symptoms/]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Digestive System|Digestive System]]
### [[/Lactose Intolerance/]]
### [[/Crohn's Disease/]]
### [[/Cirrhosis/]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Muscular System|Muscular System]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Endocrine System|Endocrine System]]
###[[/Ovarian Cancer/]]
###[[/Graves Disease/]]
###[[/Addison's Disease/]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Sensory System|Sensory System]]
### [[/Biochemical Pathways of Vision/]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Immune System|Immune System]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Integumentary System|Integumentary System]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Reproductive System|Reproductive System]]
#[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Juxtacrine Signaling|Juxtacrine Signaling]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Paracrine Signaling|Paracrine Signaling]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Endocrine Signaling|Endocrine Signaling]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/G-Proteins and G-Protein Coupled Receptors|G-Proteins and G-Protein Coupled Receptors]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Adenylate Cyclase and cAMP Signaling|Adenylate Cyclase and cAMP Signaling]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Phosphoinositol Signaling|Phosphoinositol Signaling]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Calcium Signaling|Calcium Signaling]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Protein Kinases Signaling Cascades|Protein Kinases Signaling Cascades]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Receptor Tyrosine Kinases|Receptor Tyrosine Kinases]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Kinases Inhibitors|Kinases Inhibitors]]
###[[/MPS1 protein kinase inhibitor development/]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Insulin Signaling|Insulin Signaling]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling|Epidermal Growth Factor Signaling]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/RAS|RAS]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/ROS|ROS]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Problems in Signaling that cause Cancer|Problems in Signaling that cause Cancer]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Transforming Growth Factor Beta|Transforming Growth Factor Beta]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Hormonal Signaling|Hormonal Signaling]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Apoptosis|Apoptosis]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/RAGE: Pattern Recognition Receptor|RAGE: Pattern Recognition Receptor]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Mobile Zinc and Nitric Oxide|Mobile Zinc and Nitric Oxide]]
##[[/Nitric Oxide/]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Heparan Sulfate|Heparan Sulfate]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Skeletal Muscle Remodeling|Skeletal Muscle Remodeling]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Phagoptosis|Phagoptosis]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Necrosis|Necrosis]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Noise in Signaling|Noise in Signaling]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Hippo Signaling Pathway|Hippo Signaling]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/cJun-NH2 Terminal Kinase|JNK Signaling]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Immune Signaling|Immune Signaling]]
###[[/RIG-I-like Receptors (RLR)/]]
###[[/NOD-like Receptors (NLR)/]]
###[[/IL23R/]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Apoptosis-Inducing Factor|Apoptosis-Inducing Factor]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Adipogenesis: From Stem Cell to Adipocyte|Adipogenesis: From Stem Cell to Adipocyte]]
##[[/Cell Signaling Pathways/Nitric Oxide and CGMP Response|Nitric Oxide and CGMP Response]]
#[[/Secretins/]]
#[[/Microscopy/]]
#[[/Endocytosis/]]
##[[/Actin Assembly during Endocytosis/]]
#[[/Virus Entry by Endocytosis/]]
#[[/Mitotic Spindles/]]
#[[/Pili/]]
##[[/Type IV Pili/]]
#[[/Flagella/]]
#[[/Aging and Metabolic Control Analysis/]]
#[[/Short Linear Motifs and Viral Infection/]]
#[[/Phagocytosis/]]
#[[/Pinocytosis/]]
#[[/Cytokine Receptors/]]
#[[/Ras-ERK and PI3K-mTOR pathways/]]

====[[/Genetic Bases/|Genetics]]====
#[[/The Genetics of Bacteria/]]
#[[/Properties of Mutant Alleles/]]
#[[/Foundation of Genetics/]]
#[[/Genetics terms/]]
#[[/Inheritance Patterns/]]
#[[/Chromosomes/]]
#[[/Epigenomics/]]
##[[/Epigenome reader/]]
#[[/Mitosis/]]
#[[/Meiosis/]]
#[[/Homeobox Genes/]]
#[[/How can you know if Genes are &quot;on&quot; or &quot;off&quot; in a cell?/]]
#[[/Genetic Variants/]]
#[[/Structural Variation/]]

====[[/Nucleic Acid/Biology of Cancer|Biology of Cancer]]====
# [[/Nucleic Acid/Biology of Cancer/Defective Repair of DNA|Defective Repair of DNA]]
# [[/Classifications of Cancer/]]
## [[/Carcinoma/]]
## [[/Sarcoma/]]
## [[/Lymphoma/]]
## [[/Leukemia/]]
## [[/Germ Cell Tumor/]]
## [[/Blastoma/]]
# [[/Nucleic Acid/Biology of Cancer/Mutagenic Action on Bacteria|Mutagenesis]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/Biology of Cancer/Mutagenic Action on Bacteria/Ames test|Ames test]]
# [[/Tumor suppressor genes/]]
##[[/PTEN/]]
## [[/p53/]]
## [[/P63|p63]]
## [[/p73/]]
##[[/sequestosome-1/]]
##[[/Retinoblastoma/]]
## [[/p62/]]
##[[/Brooke-Spiegler syndrome/]]
#[[/Glutamine Addiction in Cancer/]]
#[[/Ligand-Binding Site and Glutamate Receptor Trafficking/]]
# [[Structural Biochemistry/Proto-oncogene|Proto-oncogenes]]

===[[/Medicine &amp; Drug Design/]]===
#[[/Drug Targeting/]]
#[[/Quantum Dot-Aptamer Conjugate/]]
#[[/Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms/]]
##[[/Solid Dosage Forms/]]
##[[/Liquid Dosage Forms/]]
##[[/Topical Dosage Forms/]]
##[[/Ophthalmic dosage forms/]]
##[[/Miscellaneous dosage forms/]]
#[[/Drug Platform/]]
#[[/Drug Classification/]]
#[[/Drug Development Challenges/]]
# [[/Development and Discovery of Zanamivir &amp; Oseltamivir for Various Diseases/]]
# [[/Clinical Development of Drugs/]]
# [[/Controlled Substances Act/]]
# [[/Contribution of natural products/]]
# [[/How drugs cross the cell membrane/]]
# [[/MDR Pumps/]]
# [[/Response to Medicine/]]
# [[/Influenza Virus/]]
# [[/Alprazolam/]]
# [[/Amsacrine/]]
# [[/Aspirin/]]
# [[/Valsartan/]]
# [[/Dianabol/]]
# [[/Tylenol/]]
# [[/Prozac/]]
# [[/Anthrax/]]
# [[/Phenelzine/]]
# [[/Pepcid/]]
# [[/Adalat/]]
# [[/Bosulif/]]
# [[/Luvox/]]
# [[/Norethindrone/]]
# [[/Paclitaxel/]]
# [[/Allegra/]]
# [[/Adderall/]]
# [[/Ritalin/]]
# [[/Paxil/]]
# [[/Paxin/]]
# [[/Marijuana/]]
# [[/Benadryl/]]
# [[/Prednisone/]]
# [[/Tobacco and Nicotine/]]
# [[/Alcohol/]]
# [[/Acetaminophen/]]
# [[/Vicodin/]]
# [[/Folic acid/]]
# [[/Ayahuasca/]]
# [[/Viagra (Sildenafil Citrate)/]]
# [[/Vyvanse/]]
# [[/Retrovir/AZT/]]
# [[/Drug Antagonists/]]
# [[/Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors/]]
# [[/Drug Resistance/]]
# [[/Antivirals/]]
# [[/Ketamine/]]
# [[/MDMA/]]
# [[/Cocaine/]]
# [[/Warfarin/]]
# [[/Ibuprofen/]]
# [[/Loratadine/]]
# [[/Nexium/]]
# [[/Methotrexate/]]
# [[/Vancomycin/]]
# [[/Thalidomide/]]
# [[/Simvastatin/]]
# [[/Drug Reward Path In The Brain/]]
# [[/Hurler Syndrome and Treatments/]]
# [[/RNA-Based Drugs/]]
# [[/Antibiotics/]]
# [[/Prodrugs/]]
# [[/Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors/]]
# [[/Stages of how a drug passes through the body/]]
# [[/Statin/]]
# [[/Caffeine/]]
# [[/Lysergic acid diethylamide/]]
# [[/Methamphetamine/]]
# [[/Minocycline/]]
# [[/Testosterone and the Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid (AASs)/]]
# [[/Oxycodone/]]
# [[/Contraceptives/]]
# [[/Morphine/]]
# [[/Diprivan/]]
# [[/Rituximab/]]
# [[/Plan B/]]
#[[/Routes of Drug Administration/]]
##[[/Topical/]]
###[[/Epicutaneous/]]
###[[/Eye Drop/]]
###[[/Inhalation/]]
###[[/Intranasal Route/]]
##[[/Enteral/]]
###[[/Oral/]]
###[[/Rectal/]]
###[[/Sublingual/]]
##[[/Parenteral/]]
###[[/Intravenous/]]
###[[/Intramuscular/]]
###[[/Subcutaneous/]]
###[[/Intraarterial/]]
###[[/Intradermal/]]
###[[/Transdermal/]]
###[[/Transmucosal/]]
###[[/Inhalation/]]
#[[/Pharmacokinetics/]]
#[[/PTP1B/]]
#[[/Amphetamine/]]
#[[/Juvenile Hormone/]]
#[[/Phylketonuria (PKU)/]]
#[[/Antibiotic/]]
#[[/Furosemide/]]
#[[/Vitamin C/]]
#[[/Lantipeptides/]]
#[[/ADME/]]
#[[/Pharmacology/]]

===[[/Laboratory and Clinical Relationship/]]===
# [[/Translational Science/]]
## [[/Diabetes/]]
## [[/Alzheimers/]]
#[[/Personalized Medicine/]]
#[[/Model Organisms/]]
#[[/Bridging the gap between basic and clinical investigation/]]

===[[/Histology/]]===
# [[/Types of Stains/]]
##[[/H and E/]]

===[[/Immunohistochemistry/]]===

===[[/Neuroscience/]]===
#[[/Neurons/]]
##[[/Action Potential/]]
##[[/Resting Potential/]]
##[[/Signaling Within Neurons/]]
#[[/Glial Cells/]]
#[[/Neurochemistry/]]
##[[/Neurotransmitters/]]
#[[/Axonal Transport and Disease/]]
##[[/Multiple Sclerosis/]]
#[[/Synapses/]]
#[[/Channelopathies/]]
#[[/Phases of Brain Development/]]
##[[/Neural Induction/]]
##[[/Proliferation/]]
##[[/Migration/]]
##[[/Differentiation/]]
##[[/Synaptogenesis/]]
##[[/Cell Death/Stabilization/]]
##[[/Synaptic Rearrangement/]]
#[[/Neurodegeneration/]]
#[[/Neuroglobin/]]
#[[/Motor Systems/]]
##[[/Basal Ganglia/]]
##[[/Cerebellum/]]

===[[/Systems Biology/]]===
# [[/Systems Biology/Analysis of Programmed Cell Death|Analysis of Programmed Cell Death]]

===[[/Bioinformatics/]]===
# [[/Bioinformatics/Homology|Homology]]
# [[/Bioinformatics/Sequences Alignments|Sequences Alignments]]
# [[/Bioinformatics/Structural Alignments|Structural Alignments]]
#[[/Advances and pitfalls of protein structural alignment/]]
## [[/Bioinformatics/Structural Alignments/Programs Used For Structural Alignment|Programs Used For Structural Alignment]]
### [[/Bioinformatics/Structural Alignments/Programs Used For Structural Alignment/DALI|DALI]]
### [[/Bioinformatics/Structural Alignments/Programs Used For Structural Alignment/Combinatorial Extension|Combinatorial Extension]]
### [[/Bioinformatics/Structural Alignments/Programs Used For Structural Alignment/SSAP|SSAP]]
### [[/Bioinformatics/Structural Alignments/Programs Used For Structural Alignment/GANGSTA+|GANGSTA+]]
### [[/Bioinformatics/Structural Alignments/Programs Used For Structural Alignment/MAMMOTH|MAMMOTH]]
### [[/Bioinformatics/Structural Alignments/Programs Used For Structural Alignment/RAPIDO|RAPIDO]]
### [[/Bioinformatics/Structural Alignments/Programs Used For Structural Alignment/SABERTOOTH|SABERTOOTH]]
### [[/Bioinformatics/Structural Alignments/Programs Used For Structural Alignment/TOPOFIT|TOPOFIT]]
## [[/Bioinformatics/Structural Alignments/RNA Structural Alignment|RNA Structural Alignment]]
# [[/Bioinformatics/Evolution Trees|Evolution Trees]]
#[[/Bioimaging/]]
# [[/Bioinformatics/Combinatorial Chemistry|Combinatorial Chemistry]]
# [[/Bioinformatics/Comparative Bioinformatics|Comparative Genomics]]
# [[/Transgenic Animal/]]
##[[/Protein function/Regulation|Regulation]]
#[[/Bioinformatics/Protein Fold Recognition|Protein Fold Recognition]]
#[http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chemical_Information_Sources/SIRCh/Bioinformatics SIRCh Link for Bioinformateics] (Selected Internet Resources)
#[[/Fold.it/]]

===[[/Molecular Modeling/]]===
#[[/Molecular Modeling/Molecular Docking|Molecular Docking]]
#[[/Molecular Modeling/Molecular Dynamics|Classical Molecular Dynamics]]
#[[/Molecular Modeling/Interactive 3D Model within a PDF|Interactive 3D Model within a PDF]]

===[[/Mental Inertia in the Biological Sciences/|Mental Inertia]]===
#[[/Incorrectly Established Results/]]
#[[/Incorrect Understanding of a Mechanism Action/]]

==[[/Water/]]==
#[[/Unique Properties/]]
#[[/pH/]]
#[[/Buffer/]]
#[[/Osmosis/]]
#[[/Polarity/]]
#[[/Water Gas Reaction/]]

==[[/Proteins/]]==
# [[/Proteins/Amino Acids|Amino Acids]]
##[[/Proteins/Total Chemical Synthesis of a D-Enzyme: The Enantiomers of HIV-1 Protease Show Demonstrations of Reciprocal Chiral Substrate Specificity|Total Chemical Synthesis of a D-Enzyme: The Enantiomers of HIV-1 Protease Show Demonstrations of Reciprocal Chiral Substrate Specificity]]
##[[/Proteins/Nitrogen Fixation|Nitrogen Fixation]]
##[[/Proteins/Amino Acid Degradation|Amino Acid Degradation]]
##[[/Proteins/Amino Acid Biosynthesis|Amino Acid Biosynthesis]]
##[[/Proteins/Recent Progress in Understanding Alzheimer's β-Amyloid structures|Proteins/Recent Progress in Understanding Alzheimer's β-Amyloid structures]]
# [[/Proteins/Proteins|Proteins]]
## [[/Proteins/Structures|Structures]]
## [[/Proteins/Surface Layer Proteins|Surface Layer Proteins]]
## [[/Proteins/Protein Folding|Protein Folding]]
## [[/Proteins/Ramachandron Plot|Ramachandron Plot]]
## [[/Proteins/Protein Folding Problem|Protein Folding Problem]]
## [[/Proteins/Protein Folding on the Ribosome|Protein Folding on the Ribosome]]
## [[/Proteins/Assembly of bacterial inner membrane proteins|Assembly of bacterial inner membrane proteins]]
## [[/Proteins/Protein Folding to New Enzymes|Protein Folding to New Enzymes]]
## [[/Proteins/Fibrous Proteins|Fibrous Proteins]]
## [[/Proteins/Unfolded Protein Response|Unfolded Protein Response]]
## [[/Proteins/Signaling Control of Splicing Proteins|Signaling Control of Splicing Proteins]]
##[[/Analyzing and visualizing residue networks of protein structures/]]
## [[/Binding-sites Predictions assisting protein-protein Docking/]]
# [[/Proteins/Developing Novel Classifications of Protein Structure|Developing Novel Classifications of Protein Structure]]
# [[/Proteins/Protein Studies|Techniques to Study Proteins]]
##[[/Counting proteins using fluorescence microscopy/]]
# [[/Proteostasis/]]
## [[/Proteins/Synthesis|Synthesis]]
###[[/Non Ribosomal Peptide Synthesis/]]
###[[/Bacterial Protein Synthesis/]]
## [[/Proteins/Purification|Purification]]
### [[/Proteins/Purification/Differential Centrifugation|Differential Centrifugation]]
### [[/Proteins/Purification/Salting Out|Salting Out]]
### [[/Proteins/Purification/Capillary Electrophoresis|Capillary Electrophoresis]]
### [[/Proteins/Purification/High Pressure Liquid chromatography|High pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)]]
#### [[/Proteins/Purification/Gel-Filtration chromatography|Gel-filtration Chromatography]]
#### [[/Proteins/Purification/Ion-Exchange chromatography|Ion-Exchange Chromatography]]
#### [[/Proteins/Purification/Affinity chromatography|Affinity Chromatography]]
#### [[/Proteins/Purification/Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography|Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography (HIC)]]
#### [[/Chromatography/Column|Column Chromatography]]
#### [[/Chromatography/Planar|Planar Chromatography]]
##### [[/Chromatography/Paper|Paper Chromatography]]
##### [[/Chromatography/Thin Layer|Thin Layer Chromatography]]
#### [[/Chromatography/Gas|Gas Chromatography]]
#### [[/Chromatography/Liquid|Liquid Chromatography]]
### [[/Proteins/Purification/Isoelectric Focusing|Isoelectric Focusing]]
### [[/Proteins/Purification/Dialysis|Dialysis]]
### [[/Proteins/Purification|MicroPurification]]
## [[/Proteins/Analysis of Purification Result|Analysis of Purification Results]]
### [[/Identifying Proteins|Identifying Proteins]]
#### [[/Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis|Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis]]
### [[/Quantifying Proteins|Quantifying Proteins]]
#### [[/Proteins/Gel Electrophoresis|Gel Electrophoresis]]
####[[/Proteins/Purification/SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis|SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis]][[/Proteins/Purification/Edman Sequencing|Edman Sequencing]]
####[[/Proteins/Purification/SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis|SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis]][[/Proteins/Purification/Micro-Purification /Edman Sequencing|Edman Sequencing]]
#### [[/Proteins/Zonal Centrifugation|Zonal Centrifugation]]
#### [[/Bradford Assay|Bradford Assay]]
###[[/Quantum Dots/]]
### [[/Analysis of Membrane Proteins|Analysis of Membrane Proteins]]
####[[/VDAC-1 and Analysis Using Solution NMR/]]
## [[/Analytical Ultracentrifugation/]]
## [[/Crosslinking Technique/]]
## [[/Proteins/Protein sequence determination techniques|Protein Sequence Determination Techniques]]
### [[/Proteins/Proteolytic Analysis of Proteins|Proteolytic Analysis of Proteins]]
### [[/Protein sequence determination techniques/Mass Spectroscopy|Mass Spectroscopy]]
## [[/Proteins/Protein Structure determination methods|Protein Structure Determination Methods]]
### [[/Proteins/NMR Spectroscopy|NMR Spectroscopy]]
###[[/Proteins/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry (DXMS)|Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry]]
### [[/Proteins/X-ray Crystallography|X-ray Crystallography]]
### [[/Proteins/Cryo-Electron Microscopy|Cryo-Electron Microscopy]]
### [[/Proteins/Infrared Spectroscopy|Infrared Spectroscopy]]
### [[/Proteins/Neutron Diffraction|Neutron Diffraction]]
### [[/Proteins/Continuous Theory of Protein Structure|Continuous Theory of Protein Structure]]
## [[/Analyzing protein structure and function using ancestral gene reconstruction/]]
## [[/Proteins/Measuring Enzymatic Activity Using Spectroscopy|Measuring Enzymatic Activity Using Spectroscopy]]
## [[/Proteins/Protein Glycosylation|Protein Glycosylation]]
## [[/Comparison of Vertebrate and Invertebrate Proteolytic Cascades/]]
## [[/Conformational changes in Adenylyl Cyclases control regulation of signal transduction/]]
## [[/Prion Protein Misfolding and Disease/]]
## [[/Proteins/Immunology; Another Approach toward Protein Investigation|Immunology: Another Approach Towards Protein Analysis]]
### [[/Proteins/Antibody and Antigen Interaction|Antibody and Antigen Interaction]]
#### [[/Proteins/Agglunation reactions|Agglunation Reactions]]
### [[/Proteins/Usage of Antibody in Protein Research|Use of Antibodies in Protein Research]]
#### [[/Proteins/Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA)|Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA)]]
#### [[/Proteins/Western Blotting|Western Blotting]]
#### [[/Proteins/Fluorescent Marker|Fluorescent Marker]]
#### [[/Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSpot Assay (ELISpot)/]]
### [[/Proteins/Preparation of Monoclonal Antibody|Preparation of Monoclonal Antibodies]]
#### [[/Proteins/Sources of production of Monoclonal antibody|Sources of Monoclonal Antibody Production]]
### [[/Proteins/Preparation of Polyclonal Antibody|Preparation of Polyclonal Antibodies]]
### [[/Dynamic Light Scattering|Dynamic Light Scattering]]
##[[/Site Prediction/]]
##[[/Protein Misfolding and Human Disease/]]
# [[/Proteins/Protein Translation|Protein Translation]]
##[[/Proteins/Myristoylation|Myristoylation]]
##[[/Proteins/Internal Ribosome Entry Sites|Internal Ribosome Entry Sites]]
# [[/Proteins/Protein Modification|Protein Modification]]
##[[/Proteins/Palmitoylation|Palmitoylation]]
##[[/Proteins/Prenylation|Prenylation]]
# [[/Proteins/Posttranslational Modification of Proteins|Posttranslational Modification of Proteins]]
##[[/Proteins/Adenylation|Adenylation]]
##[[/Proteins/ADP-Ribosylation|ADP-Ribosylation]]
##[[/Enzyme Regulation/Acetylation|Acetylation]]
##[[/Proteins/Histone Modifications|Histone Modifications]]
###[[/Fast signals and slow marks: the dynamics of histone modifications/]]
# [[/Proteins/Protein Phosphorylation by Protein Kinases|Protein Phosphorylation by Protein Kinases]]
##[[/NMP Kinase/]]
##[[/Phosphatase PHLPP/]]
##[[/Phosphatidylserine Binding Motif and PKC/]]
##[[/Pleckstrin Homology Domain Leucine-rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase/]]
#[[/Detection of Phosphorylation/]]
# [[/Proteins/Protein in Signal Transduction|Protein in Signal Transduction]]
# [[/Proteins/Integrin Proteins|Integrin Proteins]]
# [[/Proteins/Protein in Signal Transduction|Conformational changes in Adenylyl Cyclases control regulation of signal transduction]]
# [[/Proteins/Protein O-GlcNAcylation by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)|Protein O-GlcNAcylation by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc)]]
# [[/Proteins/Protein Acetylation by Lipids|Protein Acetylation by Lipids]]
##[[/Proteins are modified by fatty acids /]]
# [[/Proteins/Protein Functions|Protein Functions]]
##[[/Structural/]]
##[[/Binding/]]
###[[/Myoglobin/]]
###[[/Hemoglobin/]]
###[[/Hemocyanin/]]
###[[/Protein-Protein Interaction Network/]]
##[[/Catalysis/]]
###[[/Catalytic Strategies/Enzyme Classification|Enzyme Classification]]
###[[/Proteases/]]
##[[/Switching/]]
#[[/Protein function/Regulation|Regulation]]
##[[/Protein function/Interferon2|Interferon]]
##[[/Protein function/HIF|HIF]]
##[[/Protein function/HIF switch|HIF switch]]
##[[/Protein function/VHL|VHL]]
#[[/Protein function/Lysozyme|Lysozyme]]
#[[/Oct Proteins/]]
#[[/Lafora Disease/]]
#[[/Other Non-Common Amino Acids/]]
#[[/Inherently Disordered Proteins/]]
#[[/Stability, Mutation and Evolvability/]]
#[[/Protein Disorder/]]
#[[/Nonribosomal Peptide Synthestases (NRPSs)//]]
#[[/Overcoming Challenges of Protein Crystallography//]]
#[[/Protein Evolution/]]
#[[/Sirtuins/]]
#[[/Collagen/]]
#[[/Serpins/]]
#[[/Glycoproteins/]]
##[[/Glycoproteins/Ebola Virus|Ebola Virus]]
#[[/Protein Design/]]
#[[/Protein Design &amp; Drug Delivery/]]
#[[/Drug Delivery/]]
#[[/Beta-Propeller Proteins/]]
#[[/WD40 Domains/]]
#[[/Bub1 and BubR1/]]
#[[/APOBEC3G/]]
#[[/Glutaredoxins/]]
#[[/TAX1BP1/]]
#[[/TPD-43/]]
===[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Protein Function|Protein Function]]===
#[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Binding|Binding]]
##[[/Protein function/Conformational Selection|Conformational Selection]]
##[[/Protein function/Ligand|Ligand]]
###[[/Protein function/Ligand/Metal Binding Sites|Metal Binding Sites]]
##[[/Protein function/Binding Sites|Binding Sites]]
##[[/Protein function/Lock and Key|Lock and Key]]
##[[/Protein function/Induced Fit|Induced Fit]]
##[[/Protein function/Transition-state Model|Transition-state Model]]
##[[/Protein function/Binding Sites/Cooperativity|Cooperativity]]
#[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Integral Membrane Protein|Integral Membrane Protein]]
##[[/Protein function/Integral Membrane Protein|Alpha Helical Membrane Protein]]
#[[/Protein function/Heme group/Myoglobin|Myoglobin]]
##[[/Protein function/Heme group|Heme Group]]
###[[/Bilirubin/]]
##[[/Protein function/Heme group/Biological Roles of Metal Ions|Biological Roles of Metal Ions]]
##[[/Protein function/Myoglobin's Oxygen Binding Curve|Myoglobin's Oxygen Binding Curve]]
##[[/Protein function/Additional Globins2|Additional Globins]]
#[[/Protein function/Hemoglobin|Hemoglobin]]
##[[/Protein function/Heme group/Hemoglobin|Hemoglobin-Heme Group]]
##[[/Protein function/Heme group/Hemoglobin/Sickle disease|Sickle Cell Anemia]]
##[[/Protein function/Heme group/Hemoglobin/Thalassemia|Thalassemia]]
##[[/Protein function/Heme group/Hemoglobin/AHSP|AHSP]]
##[[/Protein function/Heme group/Hemoglobin/Bohr Effect|Bohr Effect]]
##[[/Protein function/Heme group/Hemoglobin/Affinity Constant|Affinity Constant]]
##[[/Protein function/Heme group/Hemoglobin/Dissociation Constant|Dissociation Constant]]
##[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Regulation|Regulation]]
##[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Regulation/Regulation by 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate|Regulation by 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG)]]
##[[/Protein function/Oxygen-Binding Curve|Oxygen-Binding Curve]]
##[[/Protein function/Heme group/Other Globins|Other Globins]]
#[[/Protein function/Antibodies|Antibodies]]
##[[/Protein function/Epitope|Epitope]]
##[[/Protein function/Antigen|Antigen]]
##[[/Protein function/Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)|Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)]]
###[[/Protein function/Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)/MHC Class I|MHC Class I]]
###[[/Protein function/Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)/MHC Class II|MHC Class II]]
##[[/Protein function/Abzyme|Abzyme]]
#[[/Protein function/Myosin|Myosin]]
#[[/Protein function/Actin|Actin]]
#[[/Protein function/Insulin|Insulin]]
#[[/Protein function/DNA Binding|DNA Binding]]
#[[/Fluorescent Proteins/]]
#[[/G Proteins/]]
#[[/LPA Receptors/]]
#[[/G Protein Mechanism/]]
#[[/Ferritin/]]
#[[/Siderochromes/]]
#[[/The &quot;fuzzy&quot; interactome/]]
#[[/Protein Folding and Chaperones/]]
##[[/Protein Folding Rates/]]
##[[/Heat Shock Proteins/]]
#[[/CCN Proteins/]]
#[[/Prion Proteins/]]
#[[/Bacterial Proteins/]]
#[[/Ubiquitin/]]
#[[/Cdc48/]]
#[[/TGFβ and Integrins/]]
#[[/AB5 Toxins/]]
#[[/PHD Finger/]]
#[[/TATA-Binding Protein/]]
#[[/Chaperone Proteins/]]
##[[/HSP90/]]
#[[/Function Attribution/]]
#[[/Unfolded Protein Response/]]
#[[/TDP-43/]]

===[[/Membrane Proteins/]]===
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Active Transport|Active Transport]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Passive Transport|Passive Transport]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Membrane Gradients and its Thermodynamics|Membrane Gradients and Thermodynamics]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/P-Type ATPases|P-type ATPases]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/ATP-Binding Cassette Proteins|ATP-Binding Cassette Proteins]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Symporters|Symporters]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Antiporters|Antiporters]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Uniporters|Uniporters]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Ion Channels|Ion Channels]]
##[[/Membrane Proteins/Ion Channels/Patch Clamp|Patch Clamp]]
##[[/Membrane Proteins/Ion Channels/Transient receptor potential channel|Transient receptor potential channel]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Ligand-gated Ion Channels|Ligand-gated Ion Channels]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Gap Junctions|Gap Junctions]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Water Channels|Water Channels]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Nuclear Pore Complex|Nuclear Pore Compex]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Cotransporters|Cotransporters]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Control Systems:Nervous System|Control Systems:Nervous System]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/The Evolution of Membrane Proteins|The Evolution of Membrane Proteins]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Organizational Scheme for Protein Function|Organizational Scheme for Protein Function]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Methods for Studying Membrane Proteins|Methods for Studying Membrane Proteins]]
##[[/Membrane Proteins/Methods for Studying Membrane Proteins/Solution NMR Spectroscopy|Solution NMR Spectroscopy]]
##[[/Membrane Proteins/Methods for Studying Membrane Proteins/Electron crystallography of proteins in membranes|Electron crystallography of proteins in membranes]]
##[[/Membrane Proteins/Methods for Studying Membrane Proteins/Cryo-electron Tomography and 3D Image Averaging|Cryo-electron Tomography and 3D Image Averaging]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Assembly of Membrane Proteins into Complexes|Assembly of Membrane Proteins into Complexes]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Topology|Topology]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/G Protein Coupled Receptor|G Protein Coupled Receptor]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Multidrug-Resistance Pumps|Multidrug-Resistance Pumps]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins|Study of Protein structure in lipid bilayer: Electron crystallography]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Folding|Folding]]
#[[/Membrane Proteins/Membrane Curvature|Membrane Curvature]]
# [[/Hydrophobicity scales/]]
#[[/Membrane Protein stresses in fusion and fission/]]
#[[/Mucus Membrane System/]]
#[[/Secretin/]]
#[[/Binding of the Drug Amantadine to the Proton Channels of the M2 Protein in the Influenza Virus/]]
#[[/TA proteins (GET) pathway in young men/]]

==[[/Carbohydrates/]]==
# [[/Carbohydrates/Monosaccharides|Monosaccharides]]
## [[/Carbohydrates/Monosaccharides/Stereochemistry of Monosaccharides|Stereochemistry of Monosaccharides]]
#[[/Carbohydrates/Carbohydrate Structure Elucidation through Periodic Acid Cleavage|Carbohydrate Structure Elucidation through Periodic Acid Cleavage]]
# [[/Carbohydrates/Ketoses|Ketoses]]
# [[/Carbohydrates/Aldoses|Aldoses]]
# [[/Carbohydrates/Disaccharides|Disaccharides]]
# [[/Carbohydrates/Oligosaccharides|Oligosaccharides]]
# [[/Carbohydrates/Sequencing Oligosaccharides using glycosidases|Sequencing Oligosaccharides Using Glycosidases]]
# [[/Carbohydrates/Polysaccharides|Polysaccharides]]
# [[/Carbohydrates/Chitin]]
# [[/Carbohydrates/Glycans|Glycans]]
# [[/Carbohydrates/Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis|Peptidoglycan Biosynthesis]]
# [[/Carbohydrates/Glycoproteins|Glycoproteins]]
# [[/Carbohydrates/Carbohydrate Derivatives|Carbohydrate Derivatives]]
# [[/Carbohydrates/Carbohydrates and Proteins|Carbohydrates and Proteins]]
## [[/Carbohydrates/Lectins|Lectins]]
##[[/Carbohydrates/Glycosaminoglycans|Glycosaminoglycans]]
## [[/Carbohydrates/Proteoglycans|Proteoglycans]]
## [[/Carbohydrates/Blood Type|Blood Type]]
##[[/Carbohydrates/Virus|Virus]]
### [[/Carbohydrates/Virus/Mechanism behind HIV Infection|Mechanism behind HIV Infection]]
#[[/Carbohydrates/Carbohydrate Metabolism|Carbohydrate Metabolism]]
#[[/Carbohydrates/Glycogen Breakdown|Glycogen Breakdown]]

==[[/Lipids/]]==
#[[/Lipids/Fatty Acids|Fatty Acids]]
##[[/Triacylglycerols/]]
#[[/Lipids/Cholesterol|Cholesterol]]
## [[/Lipids/Biosynthesis of Cholestrol/|Biosynthesis of Cholestrol]]
##[[/Lipids/Lipoproteins/|Lipoproteins]]
#[[/Lipids/Biological Membranes|Biological Membranes]]
#[[/Lipids/Membrane Lipids|Membrane Lipids]]
#[[/Lipids/Membrane Transport|Membrane Transport]]
#[[/Membrane Fusion/]]
#[[/Membrane Fission/]]
#[[/Lipids/Micelles|Micelles]]
#[[/Lipids/Lipid Bilayer|Lipid Bilayer]]
#[[/Lipids/Membrane Fluidity|Membrane Fluidity]]
#[[/Lipids/Fluid Mosaic Model|Fluid Mosaic Model]]
#[[/Lipids/Techniques to Study Membranes|Techniques to Study Membranes]]
## [[/Lipids/Techniques to Study Membranes/Electron Microscopy|Electron Microscopy]]
## [[/Lipids/Techniques to Study Membranes/Preparation of Bilayers and Vesicles|Preparation of Bilayers and Vesicles]]
## [[/Lipids/Techniques to Study Membranes/Scanning Calorimetry|Scanning Calorimetry]]
## [[/Lipids/Techniques to Study Membranes/Fluorescence Photo Bleaching|Fluorescence Photo Bleaching]]
#[[/Lipids/Waxes, Soaps, and Detergents|Waxes, Soaps, and Detergents]]
## [[/Lipids/Fatty Wax|Fatty Wax]]
## [[/Lipids/Soap|Soap]]
## [[/Lipids/Detergents|Detergents]]
#[[/Lipids/Isoprenoids|Isoprenoids]]
#[[/Lipids/Lipid Rafts|Lipid Rafts]]
#[[/Lipids/Sample Preparation for Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics Studies]]
#[[/Lipids/Mass Spectrometry-Based Structure Determination of Novel Lipids|Mass Spectrometry-Based Structure Determination of Novel Lipids]]
#[[/Receptor-mediated Endocytosis/]]
#[[/Lipids/Biosynthesis|Biosynthesis]]
##[[/Lipids/Biosynthesis|Triacylglycerols]]
#[[/Lipid activation of protein kinases/]]
#[[/Degradation of Odd-Chain and Unsaturated Fatty Acids/]]
#[[/Liposomes/]]
#[[/Lipid Droplets and Cellular Lipid Metabolism/]]

==[[/Nucleic Acids/]]==
# [[/Nucleic Acid/Structure|Structure]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/Phosphate|Phosphate]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/Sugars|Sugars]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/Sugars/Deoxyribose Sugar|Deoxyribose]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/Sugars/Ribose|Ribose]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases|Nitrogenous Bases]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Purines|Purines]]
#### [[/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Purines/Adenine|Adenine]]
#### [[/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Purines/Guanine|Guanine]]
#### [[/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Purines/Purine|Purine]]
#### [[/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Purines/Hypoxanthine|Hypoxanthine]]
#### [[/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Purines/Xanthine|Xanthine]]
#### [[/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Purines/Theobromine|Theobromine]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Pyrimidines|Pyrimidines]]
#### [[/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Pyrimidines/Cytosine|Cytosine]]
#### [[/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Pyrimidines/Uracil|Uracil]]
#### [[/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Pyrimidines/Thymine|Thymine]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Ribonucleotide Reductase|Ribonucleotide Reductase]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/Nucleotides|Nucleotides]]
# [[/Nucleic Acid/Connection between monomers|Connection Between Monomers]]
# [[/Nucleic Acid/DNA|DNA]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/DNA structure|DNA structure]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/DNA structure/Telomeres|Telomeres]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/DNA structure/Unusual Structures|Unusual Structures]]
##[[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Supercoiling and Nucleosomes|Supercoiling and Nucleosomes]]
##[[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Palindromic Sequencing|Palindromic Sequencing]]
##[[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/DNA Denaturation|DNA Denaturation]]
##[[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiment|Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiment]]
##[[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Hershey-Chase Experiment|Hershey-Chase Experiment]]
##[[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Chargaff's Experiments|Chargaff's Experiments]]
##[[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Watson and Crick's Article|Watson and Crick's Article]]
##[[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Franklin's DNA X-ray Crystallography|Franklin's DNA X-ray Crystallography]]
##[[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Replication Process|Replication Process]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Replication Process/DNA Polymerase|DNA Polymerase]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Replication Process/DNA Initiation|DNA Initiation]]
##[[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Meselson-Stahl Experiment|Meselson-Stahl Experiment]]
##[[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Knockout Mouse|Knockout Mouse]]
##[[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Transgenic Animals|Transgenic Animals]]
##[[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/Transgenic Plants|Transgenic Plants]]
##[[/The Hypochromic Effect/]]
##[[/DNA Repair/]]
###[[/DNA Repair/Mismatch Repair|Mismatch Repair]]
###[[/DNA Repair/Polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase in DNA strand break repair|Polynucleotide kinase/phosphatase in DNA strand break repair]]
##[[/DNA Packaging/]]
##[[/DNA as Nanomaterial/]]
##[[/Structural DNA Nanotechnology/]]
##[[/Holliday Junction/]]
##[[/Proliferative and Antiproliferative Genes/]]
##[[/Protein-DNA Recognition/]]
##[[/Transcription Regulation by Mediator/]]
##[[/Chromatin and Aging/]]
##[[/Chromatin regulation and genome maintenance by mammalian SIRT6/]]
# [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA|RNA]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/Messenger RNA (mRNA)|Messenger RNA (mRNA)]]
### [[/Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay/]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/Transfer RNA (tRNA)|Transfer RNA (tRNA)]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)|Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/Small RNA|Small RNA]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/MicroRNA (miRNA)|MicroRNA (miRNA)]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/Other RNA|Other RNA]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA Polymerase|RNA Polymerase]]
### [[/Single-molecule study of RNAP/]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase|RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA Helicase|RNA Helicase]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/Riboswitch|Riboswitch]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA Folding|RNA Folding]]
### [[/Mechanical Unfolding of RNA/]]
##[[/Short RNAs/]]
### [[/Salt Effects on Mechanical Folding/]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA Interference|RNA Interference (RNAi)]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA Interference/RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex)|RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex)]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/Difference between DNA and RNA|Differences between DNA and RNA]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/Transcription|Transcription]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/]]
### [[/Transcription/]]
### [[/Reverse Transcription/]]
### [[/RNA Polymerase II/]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/mRNA processing and transfer|mRNA processing and transfer]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/Translation|Translation]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA modification|RNA Modification]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA modification/Introns|Introns]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA modification/Exons|Exons]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA modification/RNA splicing|RNA Splicing]]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA modification/snRNP|snRNP]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA modification/RNA Degradation|RNA Degradation]]
### [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Structural_Biochemistry/Nucleic_Acid/RNA/RNA_modification/RNA_Degradation/RNaseT2_Functionality/ RNaseT2 Functionality]
### [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA modification/Ribonucleases|Ribonucleases]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/DNA/DNA structure/Telomeres|Telomere]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA purification|RNA Purification]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA Extraction|RNA Extraction]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/Short RNAs Sequencing| Short RNA (sRNA Sequencing)]]
## [[/Nematode RNA/]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/RNA/RNA Secondary Structure|RNA Secondary Structure]]
## [[/Making RISC's/]]
##[[/Diverse Interctions of retroviral Gag proteins with RNAs/]]

# [[/DNA manipulation techniques|DNA Manipulation Techniques]]
##[[/Maintaining Genome Integrity]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Restriction endonucleases|Restriction Endonucleases]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Southern Blot|Southern Blot]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Northern Blot|Northern Blot]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/DNA sequencing|DNA Sequencing]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/DNA Cataloging|DNA Cataloging]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/DNA synthesis|DNA Synthesis]]
## [[/DNA Amplification Technique:Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)|DNA Amplification]]
## [[/Precipitation of Nucleic Acids With Alcohols|Alcohol Precipitation]]
## [[/Gene Regulation|Gene Regulation]]
### [[/Synthetic Biology/]]
### [[/Zinc fingers/]]
### [[/Metabolites/]]
### [[/REM/]]
##[[/Bacterial transformation technique/|Bacterial Transformation Technique]]
# [[/Genetic code|Genetic Code]]
#[[/Gene Expression/]]
##[[/Gatekeepers of Chromatin: Small Metabolites Elicit Big Changes in Gene Expression/]]
# [[/DNA Mutation/]]
## [[/Transposons/]]
## [[/Copy Number Variants/]]
## [[/Genetic Diseases/]]
### [[/Tay-Sachs/]]
##[[/Mitochondrial Diseases/]]
### [[/Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy/]]
# [[/Enzymes Used for Cloning/|Cloning Enzymes]]
## [[/Enzymes Used for Cloning/]]
### [[/T4 DNA Ligase/]]
### [[/T4 RNA Ligase/]]
### [[/T4 Polynucleotide Kinase/]]
### [[/Calf Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase/]]
### [[/RecA Protein/]]
### [[/AgarACE ®, Enzyme/|AgarACE&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; Enzyme]]
## [[/Cloning Tips/]]
## [[/The Stepwise Process of How DNA is Cloned and Inserted into the Vector/|Process of DNA Cloning and Vector Insertion]]
## [[/Genetic code/Immune System|Immune System]]
# [[/Genome Regulation/]]
# [[/Genome Analysis/]]
## [[/DNA Gel Electrophoresis|DNA Gel Electrophoresis]]
## [[/Genome Analysis/DNA Microarrays|DNA Microarrays]]
## [[/Genome Analysis/Sequenced Genomes|Sequenced Genomes]]
## [[/Genome Analysis/Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)|Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)]]
## [[/Genome Analysis/The Impact of Genome Analysis on Medicine|The Impact of Genome Analysis on Medicine]]
## [[/Genome Analysis/Karyotyping|Karyotyping]]
# [[/DNA recombinant techniques|DNA Recombinant Techniques]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/History and Study of Bacteriophage Lambda|History and Study of Bacteriophage Lambda]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Plasmid|Plasmid]]
###[[/DNA recombinant techniques/Plasmid/Lytic Pathway|Lytic Pathway]]
###[[/DNA recombinant techniques/Plasmid/Lysogenic Pathway|Lysogenic Pathway]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Genomic Library|Genomic Library]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Detecting specific genes|Detecting Specific Genes]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Mutagenesis|Mutagenesis]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Designer Genes|Designer Genes]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Human Genome Project|Human Genome Project]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Gene Therapy|Gene Therapy]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Artificial Chromosomes|Artificial Chromosomes]]
### [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Artificial Chromosomes/Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC)|Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC)]]
### [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Artificial Chromosomes/Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC)|Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BAC)]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/Electroporation|Electroporation]]
## [[/DNA recombinant techniques/293T Cells|293T Cells]]

### [[/Bacterial Gram Stain/]]
## [[/Nucleic Acid/Heredity and Related Experiments|Heredity and Related Experiments]]
##[[/Directed Changes in DNA|Directed Changes in DNA]]
##[[/Eukaryotic Recombination|Eukaryotic Recombination]]
# [[/Single Molecule DNA Sequencing|Single Molecule DNA Sequencing]]
# [[/Methods for Determining Recombinant DNA in the Environment/]]
#[[/Polyermase Chain Reaction/]]
##[[/Polyermase Chain Reaction/How PCR is Performed/|How PCR is Performed]]
##[[/Polyermase Chain Reaction/Uses of PCR/|Uses of PCR]]
# [[/Nucleic Acid/DNA of the Future|DNA of the Future (The Many Faces of DNA)]]
# [[/Mitochondrial DNA/]]
# [[/ATP/]]
# [[/Function Attribution of Gene &amp; Gene Products/]]
# [[/30nm chromatin fibers/]]

==[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Catalysis|Catalysis]]==
#[[/Enzyme|Enzyme]]
##[[/Enzyme/Binding energy|Binding Energy]]
##[[/Enzyme/Desolvation|Desolvation]]
##[[/Enzyme/Ground state|States: Ground, Pre-steady,&amp; Steady]]
##[[/Enzyme/Coenzymes|Coenzymes]]
##[[/Enzyme/Cofactors|Cofactors]]
##[[/Enzyme/Prosthetic Group|Prosthetic Group]]
##[[/Enzyme/Apoenzyme and Holoenzyme|Apoenzyme and Holoenzyme]]
##[[/Enzyme/Active Site|Active Site and Enzyme Specificity]]
##[[/Enzyme/Catalytic Triad|Catalytic Triad]]
##[[/Enzyme/Evolution of Enzymes|Evolution of Enzymes]]
##[[/Enzyme/Transition-State Binding Principle|Transition-State Binding Principle]]
#[[/Enzyme/Zymogen|Zymogen]]
#[[/Enzyme/Gibbs free energy graph|Gibbs Free Energy Diagram]]
##[[/Enzyme/Transition state|Transition State]]
##[[/Enzyme/Activation energy|Activation Energy]]
##[[/Enzyme/Reaction intermediates|Reaction Intermediates]]
#[[/Enzyme/Rates and constants|Rates and Constants]]
##[[/Enzyme/Rate constant|Rate Constant]]
##[[/Enzyme/Rate equation|Rate Equation]]
##[[/Enzyme/Rate-limiting step|Rate-limiting Step]]
##[[/Enzyme/Equilibrium constant|Equilibrium Constant]]
##[[/Enzyme/Initial rate|Initial Rate]]
#[[/Enzyme/Mechanisms|Mechanisms]]
##[[/Enzyme/Acid-Base Catalysis|Acid-Base Catalysis]]
##[[/Enzyme/Covalent Catalysis|Covalent Catalysis]]
##[[/Enzyme/Metal Ion Catalysis|Metal Ion Catalysis]]
##[[/Enzyme/Catalysis By Approximation|Catalysis By Approximation]]
#[[/Enzyme/Michaelis and Menten Equation|Michaelis-Menten Equation]]
##[[/Enzyme/Michaelis constant|Michaelis Constant]]
##[[/Enzyme/Kcat/Km|K&lt;sub&gt;cat&lt;/sub&gt;/K&lt;sub&gt;M&lt;/sub&gt;]]
##[[/Enzyme/Kinetic Perfection|Kinetic Perfection]]
##[[/Enzyme/Maximum velocity|Maximum Velocity]]
##[[/Enzyme/sequential reactions|Sequential Reactions]]
##[[/Enzyme/Double displacement reactions|Double Displacement Reactions]]
##[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/pingpong mechanism|Ping-Pong Mechanism]]
##[[/Enzyme/Allosteric Enzymes|Allosteric Enzymes]]
#[[/Enzyme/Double-Reciprocal plot: Lineweaver Burk plote|Double-Reciprocal Plot]]
#[[/Enzyme/Reversible Inhibitors|Reversible Inhibitors]]
##[[/Enzyme/Competitive Inhibitor|Competitive Inhibitor]]
##[[/Enzyme/Uncompetitive Inhibitor|Uncompetitive Inhibitor]]
##[[/Enzyme/Noncompetitive Inhibitor|Noncompetitive Inhibitor]]
#[[/Enzyme/Irreversible Inhibitor|Irreversible Inhibitor]]
##[[/Enzyme/Group Specific Reagent|Group Specific Reagent]]
##[[/Enzyme/Affinity Labels (reactive substrate analogs)|Affinity Labels]]
##[[/Enzyme/Suicide Inhibitors|Suicide Inhibitors]]
#[[/Enzyme/Time-dependent Inhibition|Time-dependent Inhibition]]
#[[/Enzyme/Transition State Analogs|Transition-State Analogs]]
#[[/Enzyme/Penicillin|Penicillin]]
#[[/Enzyme/Effects of pH on enzyme activity|Effects of pH on Enzyme Activity]]
#[[/Enzyme/Site-Directed Mutagenesis|Site-Directed Mutagenesis]]
#[[/Enzyme/Multi-substrate reactions|Multi-substrate reactions]]
#[[/Enzyme/Catalytic antibodies|Catalytic antibodies]]
#[[/Enzyme/Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Activity|Effects of Temperature on Enzyme Activity]]
===[[/Specific Enzymes and Catalytic Mechanisms/]]===
#[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Proteases|Proteases]]
##[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Hydrolysis|Hydrolysis]]
##[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Proteases/Chymotrypsin|Chymotrypsin]]
##[[/Enzyme/Cysteine Proteases|Cysteine Proteases]]
##[[/Enzyme/Aspartyl Proteases|Aspartyl Proteases]]
##[[/Enzyme/Serine Proteases|Serine Proteases]]
##[[/Enzyme/Threonine Proteases|Threonine Proteases]]
##[[/Enzyme/Metalloproteases|Metalloproteases]]
##[[/Enzyme/Catalytic Triad and S1 Pocket|Catalytic Triad and S&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; Pocket]]
##[[/Enzyme/AAA+ Proteases|AAA+ Proteases]]
##[[/Enzyme/HIV-1 Proteases|HIV-1 Proteases]]
#[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Dehydrogenases|Dehydrogenases]]
#[[/Enzyme/Enzyme Phenylalanine Hydrozylase (PAH)|Enzyme Phenylalanine Hydrozylase (PAH)]]
#[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Carbonic Anhydrase|Carbonic Anhydrase]]
#[[/Carboxypeptidase/]]
#[[/Kinase/]]
##[[/Kinase/Cyclin-Dependent Kinase|Cyclin-Dependent Kinase]]
##[[/Kinase/MPS1|MPS1]]
#[[/Biophysical Studies of Bacterial Ribosome Assembly/]]
#[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Restriction Enzyme|Restriction Enzyme]]
##[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/BamHI|BamHI]]
##[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/EcoRI|EcoRI]]
##[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/HindIII|HindIII]]
##[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/XbaI|XbaI]]
#[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Glutathione Reductase|Glutathione Reductase]]
#[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Nucleoside Monophosphate Kinase|Nucleotide Monophosphate Kinase]]
#[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Phillips mechanism|Phillips mechanism]]
#[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Isomerases|Isomerases]]
##[[/Enzyme/Isomerases/Triose Phosphate Isomerase|Triose Phosphate Isomerase]]
#[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/pingpong mechanism|Ping-Pong Mechanism]]
#[[/Enzyme/Acetyltransferase|Acetyltransferase]]
#[[/Enzyme/Deacetylase|Deacetylase]]
#[[/Enzyme/Radical-SAM Enzyme|Radical-SAM Enzyme]]
##[[/Enzyme/FeMo Cofactor and FeFe-Hydrogenase|FeMo Cofactor and FeFe-Hydrogenase]]
#[[/Enzyme Catalytic Mechanism/Summary|Summary]]
#[[/Membrane Traffic/]]
#[[/Cold-Adapted enzymes/]]
#[[/Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase/]]
#[[/Cytochrome b6f Complex/]]
#[[/Cytochrome P450 Enzyme/]]
#[[/Deaminase/]]
#[[/Drug metabolism enzymes/]]
#[[/MAO B enzyme/]]
#[[/Cyclooxygenase enzyme/]]
#[[/PLC enzyme/]]
#[[/Polynucleotide Kinase/Phosphatase enzyme/]]
#[[/NLR Sensors/]]
#[[/GTPase/]]
#[[/Palmitoyl Transferase/]]

===[[/Enzyme Regulation/]]===
#[[/Enzyme Regulation/Feedback inhibition|Feedback Inhibition]]
#[[/Enzyme Regulation/Isozymes|Isozymes]]
##[[/Enzyme Regulation/Isoenzyme analysis|Enzyme Regulation/Isoenzyme Analysis]]
##[[/Enzyme Regulation/Enzyme and Metabolite Interactions and Gene Regulation based on RNA/]]
#[[/Enzyme Regulation/Reversible covalent modification|Reversible Covalent Modification]]
##[[/Enzyme Regulation/Phosphorylation|Phosphorylation]]
##[[/Enzyme Regulation/Ubiquitination|Ubiquitination]]
###[[/Enzyme Regulation/Multitasking With Ubiquitin Through Multivalent Interactions|Multitasking With Ubiquitin Through Multivalent Interactions]]
##[[/Enzyme Regulation/Methylation|Methylation]]
##[[/Enzyme Regulation/Acetylation|Acetylation]]
##[[/Enzyme Regulation/Adenylation|Adenylation]]
##[[/Enzyme Regulation/Myristoylation|Myristoylation]]
##[[/Enzyme Regulation/Protein Lysine Acetylation in metabolism|Protein Lysine Acetylation in metabolism]]
#[[/Enzyme Regulation/Proteolytic activation|Proteolytic Activation]]
#[[/Enzyme Regulation/Enzyme Cascades|Enzyme Cascades]]
#[[/Enzyme Regulation/Transcription activation|Transcription Activation]]
#[[/Enzyme Regulation/Cooperativity|Allosteric Control]]
#[[/Enzyme Regulation/Cooperativity|Irreversible Inhibition]]
#[[/Enzyme Regulation/Amino Acid Sensing and Transporting|Amino Acid Sensing and Transporting]]

===[[/Hormones/]]===
#[[/Testosterone/]]
#[[/Estrogen/]]
#[[/Xenohormones/]]
##[[/Alkylphenols/]]
#[[/Human Chorionic Gonadotropins/]]
#[[/Pheromones/]]
#[[/Gastrin/]]
#[[/Epinephrine/]]
#[[/Human Placental Lactogen/]]

==Key Words==
# [[/General Terms/]]
#[[/Protein Terms/]]
#[[/Contentious Terms/]]
#[[/Carbohydrate Terms/]]
#[[/Lipids and Cell Membrane Terms/]]
#[[/DNA and RNA Terms/]]
#[[/Evolution and Bioinformatics Terms/]]
#[[/Enzyme Terms/]]
#[[/Apoptosis/]]

==Influential Structural Biochemists==
# [[/Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin/]]
# [[/Albert Claude/]]
# [[/Christian de Duve/]]
#[[/Venkatraman Ramakrishnan/]]
# [[/Roger D. Kornberg/]]
#[[/Elizabeth F. Neufeld/]]
#[[/Ivan Berkes/]]
#[[/James C. Wang/]]
#[[/Nobuhiko Katunuma/]]
#[[/Matthias W. Hentze/]]
#[[/Rosalind Franklin/]]
#[[/Shigeru Tsuiki/]]
#[[/Paul D. Boyer/]]
#[[/Maria Manasseina/]]
#[[/Frederick Sanger/]]
#[[/Edwin G. Krebs/]]
#[[/John C. Kendrew/]]
#[[/Selman A. Waksman/]]
#[[/William H. Stein/]]
#[[/Vaclaw L. Kretovich/]]
#[[/Linus Pauling/]]

==[[/Helpful Mnemonics/]]==

==[[/Natural Products/]]==
#[[/Carbon-Phosphorus Bond/]]

==[[/Taxis/]]==
#[[/Chemotaxis/]]

==[[/Biochemistry in Medicine/]]==
#[[/Carbon Monoxide: A Stealthy Killer/]]
#[[/Inherited Human Diseases Resulting from Abnormal Accumulations of Membrane Lipids/]]
#[[/Eat your Fruits and Veggies! How Vitamin C combats scurvy/]]
#[[/X-ray Crystallography/]]
#[[/Antibodies that target tumor cells/]]

==[[/Biochemistry in Animals/]]==
#[[/Vibrio fischeri: Let there be light//]]

==[[/Biochemical Role in Neuropsychiatric Disease/]]==
#[[/Schizophrenia/]]
#[[/Autism/]]
#[[/Bipolar/]]
#[[/Huntington's Disease/]]

==[[/Structural Biochemistry Paper Topics/]]==
#[[/The RNA recognition motif, a plastic RNA-binding platform to regulate post-transcriptional gene expression/]]
#[[/The Molecular Regulation of Programmed Necrotic Cell Injury/]]
#[[/Ribosome Mediated Translation Initiation for Vesicular Stomatitus Virus/]]
#[[/The MPS1 Family of Protein Kinases/]]
==References==

# The Free Dictionary. Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th Edition. © 2009, Elsevier., 2009. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/compartment+model.
# Zhang, Liangfang. &quot;Controlled Drug Delivery Systems.&quot; CENG 207 Lecture 9 “Pharmacokinetics of Drug Dispersion”. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. 10 May 2012. Lecture.
# Dhillon, Soraya and Gill, Kiren. &quot;Basic Pharmacokinetics.&quot; 28 Oct. 2012. http://www.pharmpress.com/files/docs/clinical_pharmacokinetics_samplechapter.pdf

&lt;!-- DON'T REMOVE THE BELOW -- THEY ARE NEEDED TO FILE THE BOOK --&gt;
{{shelves|Chemistry|Life sciences|Class projects}}
{{Alphabetical|S}}
{{status|75%}}


&lt;!--Reviewing Featured Book --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>il3ovpknfk7aj4oey2z2339i8lkv6yh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Second law</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>173567</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641818</id>
      <parentid>3821319</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:01:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641818</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11533" sha1="0o7ds7pgh4af9wl03ek276g18zik6c0" xml:space="preserve">==Overview==

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy is conserved, however, it only describes the transformations observed, and it doesn’t impose any restriction on the process direction. Nevertheless, such a restriction has been observed and proved to be exited in all thermodynamic applications. The need of a law describing this phenomenon gives rise to the second law of thermodynamics.

The &lt;b&gt;Second Law of Thermodynamics&lt;/b&gt; states that the entropy of a closed system is constantly increasing with respect to time. 
&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Levine| first = Ira N. | year = 2005 | title = Physical Chemistry| edition = 6th Ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill Publishing Company| id = ISBN0-0-07-049508-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
It is often said jokingly that the first law states that one cannot win and that the second law states that one cannot even break even. 

The second law of thermodynamics may be expressed in two related statements as follows:

Statement 1: It is impossible to operate a system in such a way that heat absorbed by the system is completely converted into work done by the system.

Statement 2: It is impossible for a process to consist solely in the transfer of heat from one temperature level to a higher one.

Statement 1 is not contradictory to the first law of thermodynamics. Statement 1 does not imply that heat cannot be converted to work done by the system; it only implies that either the system or the surroundings have to be changed or modified when such a process takes place. As a corollary, any continuous production of work from heat is proved to be impossible. To compress the gas back to its initial state, energy must be drawn from the surroundings in the form of work; heat is transferred to the surroundings to maintain constant temperature at the same time. The amount of work gained from expansion is required by the reverse process described above, thus the production of net work is impossible.

[[File:Heat Conversion to Work.png|thumb|Heat Conversion to Work]]

A thermodynamic theorem, the Carnot’s theorem is generated based on statement 2. The Carnot’s theorem states that no engine can have a higher thermal efficiency than that of a Carnot engine. Since a Carnot engine is reversible, it is able to transfer heat form one temperature level to a higher one. Although such an engine does not exist in the real world, it is the most efficient engine based on the laws of thermodynamics.

The study of heat engines, devices that are able to convert heat to work in a cyclical fashion, often serves as the classical approach to the second law. This macroscopic viewpoint of properties was able to be conducted without any knowledge of either the structure or the behavior of molecules. Any heat engines consist the following cycles: absorption of heat into the system at a relatively high temperature, rejection of heat to the surroundings at a relatively low temperature, and production of work. The two temperature levels are often referred to as heat reservoirs; the higher temperature level as the hot reservoir, and the lower temperature level as the cold reservoir. In thermodynamic applications, the working fluid, a liquid or a gas, connects the hot and the cold reservoirs in the sense that it absorbs heat from the hot reservoir, produces work, discards heat to the cold reservoir, and returns to its initial state to get ready for a new cycle.  

[[File:Reversible Carnot Cycle.jpg|thumb|Reversible Carnot Cycle]]

== Spontaneous Processes and Entropy ==


Some processes proceed spontaneously in one direction, but not in the other. This process is similar to a gas diffusing to fill its container, but never really collecting at one end. These processes are said to be ''spontaneous''; in other words, they ''occur without outside intervention''.

[[Structural Biochemistry/Entropy|'''Entropy''']], denoted by the symbol '''S''', is the thermodynamic property that describes the spontaneity of a process. It is a macroscopic property of randomness or disorder, and is also a function that describes the number of arrangements (positions and/or energy levels) that are available to a system existing in a given state.

The Second Law of Thermodynamics can be explained with a simple example. Consider throwing a deck of ordered playing cards into the air and picking them all up at random. It is very improbable to pick up the cards in their original order because the probability for this to happen is so minute that we never really observe it. Entropy can be closely associated with &lt;b&gt;probability&lt;/b&gt;. The more ways a particular state can be achieved, the greater the likelihood (probability) of finding that state. However, this does &lt;b&gt;not&lt;/b&gt; mean that it is &lt;b&gt;impossible&lt;/b&gt; for the cards to be put back in their original order or for the gas to be only at one end of the container. It merely is &lt;b&gt;improbable&lt;/b&gt;. 

There is a natural &lt;b&gt;tendency&lt;/b&gt; toward disorder in closed systems because the state that has the highest probability of existing is where the system will be at equilibrium. The equilibrium state, such as within a container of gas, is referred to as the disordered state (where gas molecules are equally dispersed). The equilibrium state is the same as the disordered state because the gas molecules will occupy the largest volume possible, meaning they are all equally spaced out.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Levine| first = Ira N. | year = 2005 | title = Physical Chemistry| edition = 6th Ed. | publisher = McGraw Hill Publishing Company| id = ISBN0-0-07-049508-4}}&lt;/ref&gt;


The change in entropy of the universe can be represented as

&lt;font size ='4'&gt;&lt;b&gt;ΔS&lt;sub&gt;univ&lt;/sub&gt;=ΔS&lt;sub&gt;sys&lt;/sub&gt;+ΔS&lt;sub&gt;surr&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

where ΔS&lt;sub&gt;sys&lt;/sub&gt; and  ΔS&lt;sub&gt;surr&lt;/sub&gt; represents the changes in entropy that occur in the system and the surrounding respectively.

If ΔS&lt;sub&gt;univ&lt;/sub&gt; is &lt;B&gt;positive&lt;/b&gt;, the entropy of the system &lt;b&gt;increases&lt;/b&gt;, and the process is spontaneous in the direction written. A &lt;b&gt;negative&lt;/b&gt; value for ΔS&lt;sub&gt;univ&lt;/sub&gt; indicates that the process is spontaneous in the &lt;b&gt;opposite&lt;/b&gt; direction. The system is at equilibrium, and the process has no tendency to occur if ΔS&lt;sub&gt;univ&lt;/sub&gt; is equal to zero.

&lt;big&gt;In some cases, particularly biological systems, it is hard to see how the entropy of universe is increasing. For example, when a leaf use carbon dioxide and nutrients to produce cellulose, the randomness and consequently entropy is decreasing. However, this process does not have any contradiction with second law of thermodynamic because it accompanies with increasing heat in the environment which increases the entropy.&lt;/big&gt; &lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg| first = Jeremy M. | year = 2010 | title = Biochemistry| edition = 7th Ed. | publisher = W. H. Freeman and Company| id = ISBN0-1-42-922936-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;Silberberg, Martin S.(2010). Principles of General Chemistry (2nd Edition).McGraw Hill Publishing Company. ISBN978-0-07-351108-05&lt;/ref&gt;==='''Phase changes and Entropy''' ===


Entropy has to do with the freedom of particle motion. As a result, when entropy increases in the system, it can cause a phase change from solid state to liquid state, and even to the gas state. In the solid state, the particles' movements are restricted and they have less freedom to move around in a fixed area. However, in a liquid state, particles have more freedom to move around. Therefore, in a gas state, the particles have so much greater freedom to move around. Consequently, entropy increases as one goes solid to liquid and to gas state. 

When such disorder occurs, the energy of motion becomes more dispersed. For instance,when a salt is dissolved in liquid water, there would be more ions and solvent molecules interacting with each other. As a result, the solution's energy of motion is more dispersed. The greater the freedom the particles have, the more energy of motion they would dispersed. 
                                 solid ---&gt; liquid ----&gt; gas
 less freedom for particles interaction --------&gt; much greater freedom for particles interaction
                 fixed energy of motion --------&gt; dispersed energy of motion
Therefore, the change in phase states and the freedom of motion of particles can help to determine whether a reaction is spontaneous or not.

&lt;ref&gt;Silberberg, Martin S.(2010). Principles of General Chemistry (2nd Edition).McGraw Hill Publishing Company. ISBN978-0-07-351108-05&lt;/ref&gt;==='''The number of Microstates and Entropy''' ===

As stated in the previous section about the freedom of motion and the dispersed energy of motion, they are the two factors that can determine the direction of the spontaneous reaction. Silberberg defines microstates as &quot;the quantized states of the whole system of a gas molecules&quot;. Microstates is about a gas molecules' state when it reacts with other molecules in the system. Consequently, there would be an increase in the energy of motion because the molecules vibrate and rotate around one another. In addition, there are different microstates for different conditions in the system. In thermodynamic terms, microstates can be related to entropy, the state of disorder, because the number of microstates is the number of ways that the thermal energy can be dispersed in the system. The equation is
                                        S= k ln W
      k (the Boltzmann constant)= R (gas constant)/ Avogadro's number= 1.38 x 10^ -23 J/K
      W= the number of microstates
      S is entropy
Therefore, entropy depends on the number of microstates.
            small number of microstates -----&gt; much greater number of microstates
                            low entropy -----&gt; high entropy

==='''The Effect of Temperature on Spontaneity''' ===


[[Structural Biochemistry/Entropy|Entropy]] changes in the surroundings ΔS&lt;sub&gt;surr&lt;/sub&gt; are primarily determined by heat flow. 

''The sign of ΔS&lt;sub&gt;surr&lt;/sub&gt; depends on the direction of the heat flow.''
In an exothermic process, the resulting energy flow increases the random motions in the surroundings, increasing the [[Structural Biochemistry/Entropy|entropy]] of the surroundings (ΔS&lt;sub&gt;surr&lt;/sub&gt; is positive). Similarly, the tendency for systems to undergo changes that lower its energy can be explained by the fact that when a system at constant temperature moves to a lower energy state, the energy it gives up is transferred to the surroundings, leading to an increase in entropy there. 

''The magnitude of ΔS&lt;sub&gt;surr&lt;/sub&gt; depends on the temperature.''
At high temperatures, atoms in the surroundings are in rapid motion. A given quantity of energy transferred to the surroundings do not make a large percent change in their motions. Thus, the impact of the transfer of a given quantity of energy as heat to or from the surroundings is greater at lower temperatures, where the randomness of the surroundings experience a greater percent change. 
In other words, ΔS&lt;sub&gt;surr&lt;/sub&gt; depends directly on the quantity of heat transferred and inversely on temperature.

==References ==
&lt;div class=&quot;references-small&quot; style=&quot;-moz-column-count:2; column-count:2;&quot;&gt;
&lt;references /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;

{{BookCat}}


4.{{cite book | last= Smith |first= J.M. |coauthors+ H.C. Van Ness, M.M. Abbott |title= [[Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics]] |publisher= [[McGraw Hill]] |year= 2005 |isbn= 978-007-127055-7}}

5. Silberberg, Martin S.(2010). ''Principles of General Chemistry'' (2nd Edition).McGraw Hill Publishing Company. ISBN978-0-07-351108-05</text>
      <sha1>0o7ds7pgh4af9wl03ek276g18zik6c0</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Carbonyl</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>177398</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641871</id>
      <parentid>4610694</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T13:22:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 'HNMR */</comment>
      <origin>4641871</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10215" sha1="4wem9laviwuvke7zwwacgmtykrr8bzi" xml:space="preserve">== General Information ==
[[Image:Ketogruppe.svg|150px|right|thumb|A '''ketone'''. Carbonyl is in between two hydrocarbons.]]
[[Image:aldehyde2.png|thumb|150px|right|An '''aldehyde'''. R can be a anything but a ''hydroxyl group'' or ''alkoxy group'' attached to a carbonyl.]]
A carbonyl group is a functional group that is comprised of a carbon atom doubly bonded to an oxygen atom. The carbon attached to the oxygen can have single bonds to different atoms. The atoms that the carbon is bound to distinguish it as a ketone, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, ester, or amide.

&lt;ref&gt;Bruice,Paula Yurkanis.Organic Chemistry Six edition, Pearson Education,Inc. New York. 2010&lt;/ref&gt;==The Nomenclature of Carbonyl Compounds==

1, Naming Carboxylic Acids:

 The functional carboxylic acid is called a carboxyl group. In systematic nomenclature, a carboxylic acid is named by replacing the last alphabet &quot;e&quot; with &quot;oic acid.&quot; For instance, a two carbon alkane is called ethane and two carboxylic acid is ethanoic acid. Notice that a carboxylic acid with 6 or less carbons are usually known by their common names. ( methanoic acid = formic acid, ethanoic acid = acetic acid, propanoic acid= propionic acid, butanoic acid= butyric acid, pentanoic acid= valeric acid, hexanoic acid= caproic acid)

2, Naming acyl halides

 Acyl halides have a halide in place of the -OH group in a carboxylic acid. Acyl halides are named by replacing &quot;-ic acid&quot; in the acid name with &quot;-yl halide&quot; (eg; -yl chloride, -yl bromide, -yl flouride etc). If acid has a name with &quot;-carboxylic acid,&quot; then replace &quot;carboxylic acid with &quot;-carbonyl halide&quot; (e.g. -carbonyl chloride, -carbonyl bromide, -carbonyl fluoride)

3, Acid anhydrides

 An acid anhydride is formed by two molecules of carboxylic acid reacting with each other to lose one water molecule. An anhydride is a symmetrical anhydride if the two reacting acid molecules are the same. If two reacting acid molecules are different then they are going to from a mixed anhydride. Symmetrical anhydrides are named by replacing &quot;acid&quot; in acid name with &quot;anhydride.&quot; Mixed anhydrides are named by stating the names of both acids in alphabetical order then followed by &quot;anhydride.&quot;

4, Naming Esters

 If there is an -OR group in place of the -OH group of a carboxylic acid, the name of the group attached to the carboxyl oxygen should be
stated first, then state the name of acid by replacing &quot;-ic acid&quot; with &quot;-ate.&quot;
 Salts of carboxylic acids are named in the same way. The cation is named first then name the acid with replacing &quot;-ic acid&quot; by &quot;-ate&quot;
 Notice that cyclic esters are called lactones. Their common names are derived from the common name of the carboxylic acid, which designates the length of the carbon chain, and a Greek letter to indicate the carbon to which the carboxyl oxygen is attached.

5, Naming Amides

 An amide has an -NH2, -NHR, or -NR2 group in place of -OH group of a carboxylic acid. They are named by replacing &quot;-oic acid&quot;, &quot;-ic acid&quot;, or &quot;-ylic acid&quot; of the acid name with &quot;-amide.&quot; If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent should be stated first (if there is more than one substituent bonded to the nitrogen, they should be stated alphabetically), then state the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by capital N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen. Cyclic amides are called lactams. Their nomenclature is similar to that of lactones.

==Carbonyl Compounds==

{|class=wikitable
|align=center|'''Compound'''||[[/Aldehyde/]]||[[/Ketone/]]||[[/Carboxylic Acid/]]||[[/Ester/]]||[[/Amide/]]
|-
|align=center|'''Structure'''||[[Image:Aldehyde2.png|60px|Aldehyde]]||[[Image:Ketone-general.svg|60px|Ketone]]||[[Image:Carboxylic-acid.svg|60px|Carboxylic acid]]||[[Image:Ester.svg|60px|Ester]]||[[Image:Amide-general.png|80px|Amide]]
|-
|}


Each of the characteristic specific to each compound is detailed on their specific pages.

==General Reactivity==

Oxygen is far more electronegative than carbon, so the electron density is higher near the oxygen and lower near the carbon. This creates a dipole moment, where the oxygen bears a negative charge and the carbon bears a positive charge of the same magnitude. This distribution of charges makes carbon an electrophile and oxygen, the resulting nucleophile. 

The reactivity of each carbonyl compound is dependent on the group attached directly onto the alpha carbon. This is because of the resonance stabilized structures which form due to the donation of an electron by this group. The stronger the contribution of this resonance structure, the stronger the stability of the carbonyl. An example of this can be seen in carboxylic acids which upon deprotonation create a degenerate structure and thus increases the acidity of the proton. Peptide bonds are unusually strong and carry more of an $sp^2$, planar hybridization due to the resonance contribution of the amide electron onto the alpha carbon. This decreases the reactivity of peptide bonds considerably and thus requires much energy or a protease to catalyze the bond. Carbonyls by themselves are very stable bonds and the energy of their formation are usually very high. This makes the formation of carbonyls in organic synthesis to be highly thermodynamically favorable and usually the creation of a carbonyl bond as the end product will drive a reaction to formation.

The carbonyl group has a short, strong, and very polar double bond. Its reactivity of its double bond is very different from the double bond of the alkenes because of their oxygen's electronegativity along with the lone pair of electrons. The carbonyl carbon is also electron withdrawing since it is so close to the highly electronegative oxygen. The polarization of aldehydes and ketones also alters the physical constants. The polarization of the carbonyl group is the reason why their boiling points are higher than those of the hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight. the carbonyl group's polarity causes the smaller molecules to be completely miscible in water. Carbonyl compounds with more than six carbons are considered large, which is insoluble in solution. The larger the compound, the larger its hydrocarbon chain, the more hydrophobic the molecule is, so its solubility would then decrease. 

'''Inductive Effect'''
Take important notice that the electrophilicity of the carbon is highly dependent on the nearby atoms and the atoms it is directly bounded to. For example, the carbonyl carbon of a carboxylic acid will not be as electrophilic as a carbonyl carbon of a ketone because of resonance stabilization. On the other hand, acetyl chloride (the carbon is bound to an R-group, doubly bonded to the oxygen, and then bound to the fluorine), will have a more electrophilic carbonyl carbon because the electronegative chlorine will increase the induced positive dipole of the carbon. Electrophilicity plays a key role in chemical reactions, and less electrophilic carbonyl carbons are not as readily reactive.


----

== Biochemical Synthesis of Carbonyl Groups ==

[[File:NADH phys.svg|thumbnail|right|Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide]]
Within biological systems, carbonyl compounds can be formed by the oxidation of alcohols. An oxidation reaction in organic chemistry is one that is characterized by a process which either adds electronegative atoms or removes hydrogen from a molecule. An example of this oxidation includes the oxidation of ethanol by the oxidizing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;). NAD&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; is composed of a pyridine ring, two ribose molecules, and the heterocycle adenine. When the two enantiometers of 1-Deuterioethanol are reacted with NAD&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, in the presence of enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, the biochemical oxidation is found to be stereospecific (NAD&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and only removes the hydrogen attached to the C&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; atom in 1-Deuterioethanol. &lt;ref name =&quot;Schore&quot; /&gt; Similar to the oxidation of 1-Deuterioethanol described above, other alcohols can be oxidized biochemically to form carbonyl groups. Another example includes the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde. &lt;ref name =&quot;Schore&quot; /&gt;

== 'HNMR ==

In 'HNMR spectroscopy, aldehyde compounds have a very unique chemical shift which appears to be between 9-10 ppm. Which means that the aldehyde formyl hydrogen is also very strongly deshielded. Aldehyde C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; hydrogens are also slightly deshielded because of the electron withdrawing from the oxygen from the carbonyl group. In ketones, this is also similar. The alpha-hydrogens also experience this deshielding; which has a chemical shift between 2-2.8 ppm. 


[[File:1H NMR Ethanol Coupling shown.GIF]]

----

== '''&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;CNMR''' ==
The carbon-13 NMR spectra for aldehydes and ketones are the same since it is of the chemical shift of the carbon participating in carbonyl group. Since that carbon is bound to an oxygen, it will appear at a lower field approximately 200 ppm. The carbons adjacent to the carbonyl carbon are also deshielded (just like the hydrogens in 'HNMR). The carbons further away from the carbonyl group are less deshielded. 

=='''IR Spectroscopy'''==
The IR absorbtion bands for all carbonyl compounds absorb in the 1760-1665 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; region, which is due to the streching vibration of the C=O bond. Generally, carbonyl groups have a high intensity and narrow regions, making them useful for diagnostic purposes. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Range !! Type of Compound !! Such as:
|-
| 1750-1735 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || saturated aliphatic esters || CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-COOR 
|-
| 1740-1720 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || saturated aliphatic aldehydes || CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-COH
|-
| 1730-1715 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || α, β-unsaturated esters || R'(R&quot;)C-CH-COOR
|-
| 1715 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || saturated aliphatic ketones || CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-CO-CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
|-
| 1710-1665 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || α, β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones || R'(R&quot;)C-CH-COH
|}&lt;ref&gt;&quot;IR: Carbonyl Compounds.&quot; IR: Carbonyl Compounds. TurnKey Linux, 2008. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/irtutor/carbonylsir.html&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;references/&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4wem9laviwuvke7zwwacgmtykrr8bzi</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641872</id>
      <parentid>4641871</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T13:22:38Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* IR Spectroscopy */</comment>
      <origin>4641872</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10209" sha1="2pnrhb37n1q5vqy38kmgvrvz7d191k4" xml:space="preserve">== General Information ==
[[Image:Ketogruppe.svg|150px|right|thumb|A '''ketone'''. Carbonyl is in between two hydrocarbons.]]
[[Image:aldehyde2.png|thumb|150px|right|An '''aldehyde'''. R can be a anything but a ''hydroxyl group'' or ''alkoxy group'' attached to a carbonyl.]]
A carbonyl group is a functional group that is comprised of a carbon atom doubly bonded to an oxygen atom. The carbon attached to the oxygen can have single bonds to different atoms. The atoms that the carbon is bound to distinguish it as a ketone, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, ester, or amide.

&lt;ref&gt;Bruice,Paula Yurkanis.Organic Chemistry Six edition, Pearson Education,Inc. New York. 2010&lt;/ref&gt;==The Nomenclature of Carbonyl Compounds==

1, Naming Carboxylic Acids:

 The functional carboxylic acid is called a carboxyl group. In systematic nomenclature, a carboxylic acid is named by replacing the last alphabet &quot;e&quot; with &quot;oic acid.&quot; For instance, a two carbon alkane is called ethane and two carboxylic acid is ethanoic acid. Notice that a carboxylic acid with 6 or less carbons are usually known by their common names. ( methanoic acid = formic acid, ethanoic acid = acetic acid, propanoic acid= propionic acid, butanoic acid= butyric acid, pentanoic acid= valeric acid, hexanoic acid= caproic acid)

2, Naming acyl halides

 Acyl halides have a halide in place of the -OH group in a carboxylic acid. Acyl halides are named by replacing &quot;-ic acid&quot; in the acid name with &quot;-yl halide&quot; (eg; -yl chloride, -yl bromide, -yl flouride etc). If acid has a name with &quot;-carboxylic acid,&quot; then replace &quot;carboxylic acid with &quot;-carbonyl halide&quot; (e.g. -carbonyl chloride, -carbonyl bromide, -carbonyl fluoride)

3, Acid anhydrides

 An acid anhydride is formed by two molecules of carboxylic acid reacting with each other to lose one water molecule. An anhydride is a symmetrical anhydride if the two reacting acid molecules are the same. If two reacting acid molecules are different then they are going to from a mixed anhydride. Symmetrical anhydrides are named by replacing &quot;acid&quot; in acid name with &quot;anhydride.&quot; Mixed anhydrides are named by stating the names of both acids in alphabetical order then followed by &quot;anhydride.&quot;

4, Naming Esters

 If there is an -OR group in place of the -OH group of a carboxylic acid, the name of the group attached to the carboxyl oxygen should be
stated first, then state the name of acid by replacing &quot;-ic acid&quot; with &quot;-ate.&quot;
 Salts of carboxylic acids are named in the same way. The cation is named first then name the acid with replacing &quot;-ic acid&quot; by &quot;-ate&quot;
 Notice that cyclic esters are called lactones. Their common names are derived from the common name of the carboxylic acid, which designates the length of the carbon chain, and a Greek letter to indicate the carbon to which the carboxyl oxygen is attached.

5, Naming Amides

 An amide has an -NH2, -NHR, or -NR2 group in place of -OH group of a carboxylic acid. They are named by replacing &quot;-oic acid&quot;, &quot;-ic acid&quot;, or &quot;-ylic acid&quot; of the acid name with &quot;-amide.&quot; If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent should be stated first (if there is more than one substituent bonded to the nitrogen, they should be stated alphabetically), then state the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by capital N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen. Cyclic amides are called lactams. Their nomenclature is similar to that of lactones.

==Carbonyl Compounds==

{|class=wikitable
|align=center|'''Compound'''||[[/Aldehyde/]]||[[/Ketone/]]||[[/Carboxylic Acid/]]||[[/Ester/]]||[[/Amide/]]
|-
|align=center|'''Structure'''||[[Image:Aldehyde2.png|60px|Aldehyde]]||[[Image:Ketone-general.svg|60px|Ketone]]||[[Image:Carboxylic-acid.svg|60px|Carboxylic acid]]||[[Image:Ester.svg|60px|Ester]]||[[Image:Amide-general.png|80px|Amide]]
|-
|}


Each of the characteristic specific to each compound is detailed on their specific pages.

==General Reactivity==

Oxygen is far more electronegative than carbon, so the electron density is higher near the oxygen and lower near the carbon. This creates a dipole moment, where the oxygen bears a negative charge and the carbon bears a positive charge of the same magnitude. This distribution of charges makes carbon an electrophile and oxygen, the resulting nucleophile. 

The reactivity of each carbonyl compound is dependent on the group attached directly onto the alpha carbon. This is because of the resonance stabilized structures which form due to the donation of an electron by this group. The stronger the contribution of this resonance structure, the stronger the stability of the carbonyl. An example of this can be seen in carboxylic acids which upon deprotonation create a degenerate structure and thus increases the acidity of the proton. Peptide bonds are unusually strong and carry more of an $sp^2$, planar hybridization due to the resonance contribution of the amide electron onto the alpha carbon. This decreases the reactivity of peptide bonds considerably and thus requires much energy or a protease to catalyze the bond. Carbonyls by themselves are very stable bonds and the energy of their formation are usually very high. This makes the formation of carbonyls in organic synthesis to be highly thermodynamically favorable and usually the creation of a carbonyl bond as the end product will drive a reaction to formation.

The carbonyl group has a short, strong, and very polar double bond. Its reactivity of its double bond is very different from the double bond of the alkenes because of their oxygen's electronegativity along with the lone pair of electrons. The carbonyl carbon is also electron withdrawing since it is so close to the highly electronegative oxygen. The polarization of aldehydes and ketones also alters the physical constants. The polarization of the carbonyl group is the reason why their boiling points are higher than those of the hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight. the carbonyl group's polarity causes the smaller molecules to be completely miscible in water. Carbonyl compounds with more than six carbons are considered large, which is insoluble in solution. The larger the compound, the larger its hydrocarbon chain, the more hydrophobic the molecule is, so its solubility would then decrease. 

'''Inductive Effect'''
Take important notice that the electrophilicity of the carbon is highly dependent on the nearby atoms and the atoms it is directly bounded to. For example, the carbonyl carbon of a carboxylic acid will not be as electrophilic as a carbonyl carbon of a ketone because of resonance stabilization. On the other hand, acetyl chloride (the carbon is bound to an R-group, doubly bonded to the oxygen, and then bound to the fluorine), will have a more electrophilic carbonyl carbon because the electronegative chlorine will increase the induced positive dipole of the carbon. Electrophilicity plays a key role in chemical reactions, and less electrophilic carbonyl carbons are not as readily reactive.


----

== Biochemical Synthesis of Carbonyl Groups ==

[[File:NADH phys.svg|thumbnail|right|Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide]]
Within biological systems, carbonyl compounds can be formed by the oxidation of alcohols. An oxidation reaction in organic chemistry is one that is characterized by a process which either adds electronegative atoms or removes hydrogen from a molecule. An example of this oxidation includes the oxidation of ethanol by the oxidizing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;). NAD&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; is composed of a pyridine ring, two ribose molecules, and the heterocycle adenine. When the two enantiometers of 1-Deuterioethanol are reacted with NAD&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, in the presence of enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, the biochemical oxidation is found to be stereospecific (NAD&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and only removes the hydrogen attached to the C&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; atom in 1-Deuterioethanol. &lt;ref name =&quot;Schore&quot; /&gt; Similar to the oxidation of 1-Deuterioethanol described above, other alcohols can be oxidized biochemically to form carbonyl groups. Another example includes the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde. &lt;ref name =&quot;Schore&quot; /&gt;

== 'HNMR ==

In 'HNMR spectroscopy, aldehyde compounds have a very unique chemical shift which appears to be between 9-10 ppm. Which means that the aldehyde formyl hydrogen is also very strongly deshielded. Aldehyde C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; hydrogens are also slightly deshielded because of the electron withdrawing from the oxygen from the carbonyl group. In ketones, this is also similar. The alpha-hydrogens also experience this deshielding; which has a chemical shift between 2-2.8 ppm. 


[[File:1H NMR Ethanol Coupling shown.GIF]]

----

== '''&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;CNMR''' ==
The carbon-13 NMR spectra for aldehydes and ketones are the same since it is of the chemical shift of the carbon participating in carbonyl group. Since that carbon is bound to an oxygen, it will appear at a lower field approximately 200 ppm. The carbons adjacent to the carbonyl carbon are also deshielded (just like the hydrogens in 'HNMR). The carbons further away from the carbonyl group are less deshielded. 

==IR Spectroscopy==
The IR absorbtion bands for all carbonyl compounds absorb in the 1760-1665 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; region, which is due to the streching vibration of the C=O bond. Generally, carbonyl groups have a high intensity and narrow regions, making them useful for diagnostic purposes. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Range !! Type of Compound !! Such as:
|-
| 1750-1735 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || saturated aliphatic esters || CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-COOR 
|-
| 1740-1720 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || saturated aliphatic aldehydes || CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-COH
|-
| 1730-1715 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || α, β-unsaturated esters || R'(R&quot;)C-CH-COOR
|-
| 1715 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || saturated aliphatic ketones || CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-CO-CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
|-
| 1710-1665 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || α, β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones || R'(R&quot;)C-CH-COH
|}&lt;ref&gt;&quot;IR: Carbonyl Compounds.&quot; IR: Carbonyl Compounds. TurnKey Linux, 2008. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/irtutor/carbonylsir.html&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;references/&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>2pnrhb37n1q5vqy38kmgvrvz7d191k4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641873</id>
      <parentid>4641872</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T13:22:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 13CNMR */</comment>
      <origin>4641873</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10202" sha1="mayy0gs11mafwcn9j92gxdhn8p5oy0n" xml:space="preserve">== General Information ==
[[Image:Ketogruppe.svg|150px|right|thumb|A '''ketone'''. Carbonyl is in between two hydrocarbons.]]
[[Image:aldehyde2.png|thumb|150px|right|An '''aldehyde'''. R can be a anything but a ''hydroxyl group'' or ''alkoxy group'' attached to a carbonyl.]]
A carbonyl group is a functional group that is comprised of a carbon atom doubly bonded to an oxygen atom. The carbon attached to the oxygen can have single bonds to different atoms. The atoms that the carbon is bound to distinguish it as a ketone, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, ester, or amide.

&lt;ref&gt;Bruice,Paula Yurkanis.Organic Chemistry Six edition, Pearson Education,Inc. New York. 2010&lt;/ref&gt;==The Nomenclature of Carbonyl Compounds==

1, Naming Carboxylic Acids:

 The functional carboxylic acid is called a carboxyl group. In systematic nomenclature, a carboxylic acid is named by replacing the last alphabet &quot;e&quot; with &quot;oic acid.&quot; For instance, a two carbon alkane is called ethane and two carboxylic acid is ethanoic acid. Notice that a carboxylic acid with 6 or less carbons are usually known by their common names. ( methanoic acid = formic acid, ethanoic acid = acetic acid, propanoic acid= propionic acid, butanoic acid= butyric acid, pentanoic acid= valeric acid, hexanoic acid= caproic acid)

2, Naming acyl halides

 Acyl halides have a halide in place of the -OH group in a carboxylic acid. Acyl halides are named by replacing &quot;-ic acid&quot; in the acid name with &quot;-yl halide&quot; (eg; -yl chloride, -yl bromide, -yl flouride etc). If acid has a name with &quot;-carboxylic acid,&quot; then replace &quot;carboxylic acid with &quot;-carbonyl halide&quot; (e.g. -carbonyl chloride, -carbonyl bromide, -carbonyl fluoride)

3, Acid anhydrides

 An acid anhydride is formed by two molecules of carboxylic acid reacting with each other to lose one water molecule. An anhydride is a symmetrical anhydride if the two reacting acid molecules are the same. If two reacting acid molecules are different then they are going to from a mixed anhydride. Symmetrical anhydrides are named by replacing &quot;acid&quot; in acid name with &quot;anhydride.&quot; Mixed anhydrides are named by stating the names of both acids in alphabetical order then followed by &quot;anhydride.&quot;

4, Naming Esters

 If there is an -OR group in place of the -OH group of a carboxylic acid, the name of the group attached to the carboxyl oxygen should be
stated first, then state the name of acid by replacing &quot;-ic acid&quot; with &quot;-ate.&quot;
 Salts of carboxylic acids are named in the same way. The cation is named first then name the acid with replacing &quot;-ic acid&quot; by &quot;-ate&quot;
 Notice that cyclic esters are called lactones. Their common names are derived from the common name of the carboxylic acid, which designates the length of the carbon chain, and a Greek letter to indicate the carbon to which the carboxyl oxygen is attached.

5, Naming Amides

 An amide has an -NH2, -NHR, or -NR2 group in place of -OH group of a carboxylic acid. They are named by replacing &quot;-oic acid&quot;, &quot;-ic acid&quot;, or &quot;-ylic acid&quot; of the acid name with &quot;-amide.&quot; If a substituent is bonded to the nitrogen, the name of the substituent should be stated first (if there is more than one substituent bonded to the nitrogen, they should be stated alphabetically), then state the name of the amide. The name of each substituent is preceded by capital N to indicate that the substituent is bonded to a nitrogen. Cyclic amides are called lactams. Their nomenclature is similar to that of lactones.

==Carbonyl Compounds==

{|class=wikitable
|align=center|'''Compound'''||[[/Aldehyde/]]||[[/Ketone/]]||[[/Carboxylic Acid/]]||[[/Ester/]]||[[/Amide/]]
|-
|align=center|'''Structure'''||[[Image:Aldehyde2.png|60px|Aldehyde]]||[[Image:Ketone-general.svg|60px|Ketone]]||[[Image:Carboxylic-acid.svg|60px|Carboxylic acid]]||[[Image:Ester.svg|60px|Ester]]||[[Image:Amide-general.png|80px|Amide]]
|-
|}


Each of the characteristic specific to each compound is detailed on their specific pages.

==General Reactivity==

Oxygen is far more electronegative than carbon, so the electron density is higher near the oxygen and lower near the carbon. This creates a dipole moment, where the oxygen bears a negative charge and the carbon bears a positive charge of the same magnitude. This distribution of charges makes carbon an electrophile and oxygen, the resulting nucleophile. 

The reactivity of each carbonyl compound is dependent on the group attached directly onto the alpha carbon. This is because of the resonance stabilized structures which form due to the donation of an electron by this group. The stronger the contribution of this resonance structure, the stronger the stability of the carbonyl. An example of this can be seen in carboxylic acids which upon deprotonation create a degenerate structure and thus increases the acidity of the proton. Peptide bonds are unusually strong and carry more of an $sp^2$, planar hybridization due to the resonance contribution of the amide electron onto the alpha carbon. This decreases the reactivity of peptide bonds considerably and thus requires much energy or a protease to catalyze the bond. Carbonyls by themselves are very stable bonds and the energy of their formation are usually very high. This makes the formation of carbonyls in organic synthesis to be highly thermodynamically favorable and usually the creation of a carbonyl bond as the end product will drive a reaction to formation.

The carbonyl group has a short, strong, and very polar double bond. Its reactivity of its double bond is very different from the double bond of the alkenes because of their oxygen's electronegativity along with the lone pair of electrons. The carbonyl carbon is also electron withdrawing since it is so close to the highly electronegative oxygen. The polarization of aldehydes and ketones also alters the physical constants. The polarization of the carbonyl group is the reason why their boiling points are higher than those of the hydrocarbons of similar molecular weight. the carbonyl group's polarity causes the smaller molecules to be completely miscible in water. Carbonyl compounds with more than six carbons are considered large, which is insoluble in solution. The larger the compound, the larger its hydrocarbon chain, the more hydrophobic the molecule is, so its solubility would then decrease. 

'''Inductive Effect'''
Take important notice that the electrophilicity of the carbon is highly dependent on the nearby atoms and the atoms it is directly bounded to. For example, the carbonyl carbon of a carboxylic acid will not be as electrophilic as a carbonyl carbon of a ketone because of resonance stabilization. On the other hand, acetyl chloride (the carbon is bound to an R-group, doubly bonded to the oxygen, and then bound to the fluorine), will have a more electrophilic carbonyl carbon because the electronegative chlorine will increase the induced positive dipole of the carbon. Electrophilicity plays a key role in chemical reactions, and less electrophilic carbonyl carbons are not as readily reactive.


----

== Biochemical Synthesis of Carbonyl Groups ==

[[File:NADH phys.svg|thumbnail|right|Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide]]
Within biological systems, carbonyl compounds can be formed by the oxidation of alcohols. An oxidation reaction in organic chemistry is one that is characterized by a process which either adds electronegative atoms or removes hydrogen from a molecule. An example of this oxidation includes the oxidation of ethanol by the oxidizing agent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;). NAD&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; is composed of a pyridine ring, two ribose molecules, and the heterocycle adenine. When the two enantiometers of 1-Deuterioethanol are reacted with NAD&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, in the presence of enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase, the biochemical oxidation is found to be stereospecific (NAD&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and only removes the hydrogen attached to the C&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; atom in 1-Deuterioethanol. &lt;ref name =&quot;Schore&quot; /&gt; Similar to the oxidation of 1-Deuterioethanol described above, other alcohols can be oxidized biochemically to form carbonyl groups. Another example includes the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde. &lt;ref name =&quot;Schore&quot; /&gt;

== 'HNMR ==

In 'HNMR spectroscopy, aldehyde compounds have a very unique chemical shift which appears to be between 9-10 ppm. Which means that the aldehyde formyl hydrogen is also very strongly deshielded. Aldehyde C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; hydrogens are also slightly deshielded because of the electron withdrawing from the oxygen from the carbonyl group. In ketones, this is also similar. The alpha-hydrogens also experience this deshielding; which has a chemical shift between 2-2.8 ppm. 


[[File:1H NMR Ethanol Coupling shown.GIF]]

----

== &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;CNMR ==
The carbon-13 NMR spectra for aldehydes and ketones are the same since it is of the chemical shift of the carbon participating in carbonyl group. Since that carbon is bound to an oxygen, it will appear at a lower field approximately 200 ppm. The carbons adjacent to the carbonyl carbon are also deshielded (just like the hydrogens in 'HNMR). The carbons further away from the carbonyl group are less deshielded.

==IR Spectroscopy==
The IR absorbtion bands for all carbonyl compounds absorb in the 1760-1665 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; region, which is due to the streching vibration of the C=O bond. Generally, carbonyl groups have a high intensity and narrow regions, making them useful for diagnostic purposes. 

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Range !! Type of Compound !! Such as:
|-
| 1750-1735 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || saturated aliphatic esters || CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-COOR 
|-
| 1740-1720 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || saturated aliphatic aldehydes || CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-COH
|-
| 1730-1715 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || α, β-unsaturated esters || R'(R&quot;)C-CH-COOR
|-
| 1715 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || saturated aliphatic ketones || CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-CO-CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;
|-
| 1710-1665 cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; || α, β-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones || R'(R&quot;)C-CH-COH
|}&lt;ref&gt;&quot;IR: Carbonyl Compounds.&quot; IR: Carbonyl Compounds. TurnKey Linux, 2008. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/irtutor/carbonylsir.html&gt;.&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;references/&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>mayy0gs11mafwcn9j92gxdhn8p5oy0n</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Amino</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>177403</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641874</id>
      <parentid>4469047</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T13:23:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Reference */</comment>
      <origin>4641874</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4805" sha1="9vm8h57s04ay5euu6628cfuj9dlt2lo" xml:space="preserve">==Introduction==
[[Image:Peptide Bond Mechanism.jpg|thumb|The mechanism of peptide bond formation.]]
Amino groups are composed of a N atom bonded to two H atoms. Amino groups can act as a base because they can pick up an H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; from a solution. Amino groups can be ionized with a 1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; charge under basic condition. Organic compounds with an amino group are called &quot;amines&quot;; organic compound containing an amino group and [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Carboxyl|carboxyl]] group are called [[Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/Amino Acids|amino acids]] which are the building blocks of [[Structural Biochemistry/Proteins|proteins]]. 

Amines can readily form [[Structural Biochemistry/Chemical Bonding/Hydrogen bonds|hydrogen bonds]]. The amines in the bases of [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Nucleic Acids (DNA)|DNA]] form [[Structural Biochemistry/Chemical Bonding/Hydrogen bonds|hydrogen bonds]] with nearby nitrogen or oxygen atoms and keep the two strands together. 

The amino group of lysine[[|]], for example, has be proven useful in the regulation of genes. In particular when the amino group of Lysine in the histones is acetylated, it can no longer function as it regularly does. This is a regulating step that is involved with gene expression and replication. 

Another role amino groups play in biochemistry is in [[Structural Biochemistry/Enzyme|enzymes]]. In the case of a protease, an enzyme which cleaves amino acids, a tetrahedral transition state is formed when the hydroxy group of serine attacks the [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Carbonyl|carbonyl]] carbon of the amino acid. Because the tetrahedral transition state has a negative charge, the positive NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; charges help to stabilize the transition state, forming what is called an oxyanion ring. 

Amines can also act as nucleophiles because of its lone pair of electrons. This is the basis by which peptide bonds are formed, with the carbonyl carbon acting as the electrophile in a dehydration reaction. 


{{BookCat}}

==Structure and Physical Properties==
[[File:Inversion_of_amine.svg|thumb|Inversion of amine]] The amine nitrogen is sp3-hybridized and tetrahedral shape. The nitrogen non-bonded pair acts like a substituent—the geometry is tetrahedral around nitrogen and the bond angles are all around 109°. Unlike carbon, sp3 hybridized nitrogen is not rigid and undergoes rapid inversion at room temperature. It is similar to an umbrella flipping inside-out and similar to the inversion of configuration which occurs in an Sn2 reaction.

==Nomenclature==
All the usual IUPAC rules are followed. The suffix –amine is added to the name at the end and the position of the amino group must be specified. For 2° and 3° amines, the largest alkyl substituent is chosen as the parent and the other alkyl groups on nitrogen are named as substituents with the prefix N- to denote that they are attached to nitrogen. Because the amine functional group has the lowest priority in naming, it is often named as a substituent on more highly functionalized molecules. 

==Acidity of Amines==
Amines are much less acidic than alcohols with a pKa ~ 35 and Keq = 10-35. A very strong base like alkyllithium must be used to completely deprotonate an amine.

==Basicity of Amines==
Amines are the most basic of the common organic functional groups, but are still fairly weak bases. Protonation occurs on the non-bonded electron pair exclusively. The basicity of amines is directly dependent on the “electron density” at the nitrogen atom. Both inductive and resonance effects can alter the basicity of a nitrogen atom. 

Hybridization on the N also affects basicity. An increase in s character on an atom increases the electronegativity of that atom which favors acidity and therefore disfavors basicity. Hence sp&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;-hybridized nitrogen is more basic than either sp&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; or sp hybridized nitrogen.

==Synthesis of Amines==
[[File:Gabriel_Synthesis_Scheme.png|thumb|Gabriel synthesis to 1° amines]]
1. Cyanide displacement of alkyl halides followed by reduction

2. LiAlH4 reduction of amides

:[[File:Reduction of amide.svg|400px|LiAlH4 reduction of amides]]

3. Displacements with azide followed by reduction

4. Gabriel synthesis to 1° amines

5. Reductive amination

:[[File:Reductive_amination_acetophenone_ammonia.svg|Reductive amination]]

==IR Spectroscopy for Amines==
Primary Amines will give two short, sharp equal peaks at around 3200 cm-1 – 3500 cm-1 &lt;br /&gt;

Secondary Amines will give one short, sharp peak at around 3320 cm-1 &lt;br /&gt;

Tertiary amines will not give a peak in any region. &lt;br /&gt;

== Reference ==
1. http://orgchem.colorado.edu/Spectroscopy/irtutor/aminesir.html</text>
      <sha1>9vm8h57s04ay5euu6628cfuj9dlt2lo</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Albanian/Alphabet</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>194817</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641940</id>
      <parentid>4595364</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T23:04:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-37658-75</username>
        <id>3611110</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641940</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2765" sha1="826z9xksc739kbhz8hyx8hzqoy9mxtr" xml:space="preserve">{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; cellpadding=&quot;2&quot;
|+Albanian alphabet
|-
! Letter !! IPA !! Approximate English Pronunciation !! Albanian Example
|-
! A a
| [a] || like &quot;a&quot; in &quot;bar&quot; || '''a'''ri, &quot;bear&quot;
|-
! B b
| [b] || like &quot;b&quot; in &quot;bat&quot; || '''b'''ora, &quot;snow&quot;
|-
! C c
| [t͡s] || like &quot;ts&quot; in &quot;hats&quot; || '''c'''ipë, &quot;membrane&quot;
|-
! Ç ç
| [t͡ʃ] || like &quot;ch&quot; in &quot;check&quot; || '''ç'''andër, &quot;prop&quot;
|-
! D d
| [d] || like &quot;d&quot; in &quot;day&quot; || '''d'''itë, &quot;day&quot;
|-
! Dh dh
| [ð] || like &quot;th&quot; in &quot;that&quot; || '''dh'''emb, &quot;tooth&quot;
|-
! E e
| [e] || like &quot;e&quot; in &quot;bet&quot; || '''e'''the, &quot;fever&quot;
|-
! Ë ë
| [ə] or silent || a schwa sound, like the syllable &quot;uh&quot; || '''ë'''mbël, &quot;sweet&quot;, silent in the end where the hiatus lengthens the preceding vowel
|-
! F f
| [f] || like &quot;f&quot; in &quot;far&quot; || '''f'''yell, &quot;flute&quot;
|-
! G g
| [g] || like &quot;g&quot; in &quot;go&quot; || '''g'''ur, &quot;stone&quot;
|-
!Gj gj 
| [ɟ] || no equivalent sound in English, but somewhat like the &quot;j&quot; in &quot;judge&quot; || '''gj'''ashtë, &quot;six&quot;
|-
! H h
| [h] || like &quot;h&quot; in &quot;huge&quot; || '''h'''ënë, &quot;moon&quot;
|-
! I i
| [i] || like &quot;ea&quot; in &quot;bead&quot; || '''i'''mja, &quot;mine&quot;
|-
! J j
| [j] || like &quot;y&quot; in yes&quot; || '''j'''etë, &quot;life&quot;
|-
! K k
| [k] || like &quot;k&quot; in &quot;skin&quot; || '''k'''ëlysh, &quot;puppy&quot;
|-
! L l 
| [l] || like &quot;l&quot; in &quot;lake&quot; || '''l'''ule, &quot;flower&quot;
|-
! LL ll
| [ɫ] || dark l sound, like &quot;ll&quot; in &quot;full&quot; || '''ll'''apa, &quot;tongue&quot; (for animals) 
|-
! M m
| [m] || like &quot;m&quot; in &quot;mother&quot; || '''m'''ëmë, &quot;mother&quot; 
|-
! N n
| [n] || like &quot;n&quot; in &quot;night&quot; || '''n'''e, &quot;we&quot; 
|-
! Nj nj
| [ɲ] ||no English equivalent, but somewhat like &quot;ni&quot; in &quot;onion&quot; or the &quot;ñ&quot; in &quot;piñata&quot; || '''nj'''eri, &quot;human&quot;
|-
! O o
| [ɔ] || like &quot;o&quot; in &quot;not&quot; || '''o'''se, &quot;or&quot; 
|-
! P p
| [p] || like &quot;p&quot; in &quot;spin&quot; || '''p'''se, &quot;why&quot; 
|-
! Q q
| [c] || no English equivalent, but somewhat like &quot;ch&quot; in &quot;cheek&quot; || '''q'''esh, &quot;to laugh&quot; 
|-
! R r
| [ɾ] || like &quot;r&quot; in &quot;right&quot; || '''r'''e, &quot;cloud&quot;, t'''r'''e &quot;three&quot;, d'''r'''u &quot;wood&quot; 
|-
! Rr rr
| [r] || no English equivalent, trilled r || '''rr'''eth, &quot;circle&quot; 
|-
! S s
| [s] || like &quot;s&quot; &quot;soup&quot; || '''s'''orrë, &quot;crow&quot; 
|-
! Sh sh
| [ʃ] || like &quot;sh&quot; in &quot;ship&quot; || '''sh'''oh, &quot;see&quot;
|-
! T t
| [t] || like &quot;t&quot; in &quot;stump&quot; || '''t'''re, &quot;three&quot;
|-
! Th th
| [θ] || like &quot;th&quot; in &quot;think&quot; || '''th'''oi, &quot;nail&quot;
|-
! U u
| [u] || like &quot;u&quot; in &quot;flute&quot; || '''u'''rë, &quot;bridge&quot; 
|-
! V v
| [v] || like &quot;v&quot; in &quot;veteran&quot; || '''v'''alë, &quot;wave&quot; 
|-
! X x
| [d͡z] || like the &quot;ds&quot; in &quot;ads&quot; || '''x'''ixë, &quot;sparkle&quot; 
|-
! Xh xh
| [d͡ʒ] || like &quot;j&quot; in &quot;judge&quot; || '''xhup''', &quot;sweatshirt&quot; 
|-
! Y y
| [y] || No English equivalent, but somewhat like &quot;u&quot; in &quot;manicure&quot; || '''y'''ll, &quot;star&quot; 
|-
! Z z
| [z] || like &quot;z&quot; in &quot;zoo&quot; || '''z'''ulmë, &quot;glory&quot; 
|-g
! Zh zh
| [ʒ] || like &quot;s&quot; in &quot;vision&quot; || '''zh'''yt, &quot;to dive&quot; 
|}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>826z9xksc739kbhz8hyx8hzqoy9mxtr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Inorganic Chemistry</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>212335</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641825</id>
      <parentid>4412651</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:08:33Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Macromolecules */</comment>
      <origin>4641825</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="17861" sha1="t6kbggc711pz45m7omhj9nl56i5p6p7" xml:space="preserve">== Importance of Inorganic Chemistry in Biochemistry: Bioinorganic Chemistry ==
Although biochemistry generally focuses on the reactions and interactions of biological and organic molecules within the body, the roles and interactions of various inorganic molecules with the [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Types of Macromolecules|macromolecules]] in the body are just as important.  Of all the elements known, only a few are essential for living organisms:  Hydrogen (H), Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N), Oxygen (O), Sodium (Na), Phosphorus (P), Sulfur (S), Chlorine (Cl), Potassium (K), and Calcium (Ca).  Additionally, a small amount of trace elements are essential for certain subsets of organisms.  These elements include Lithium (Li), Beryllium (Be), the transition metals Vanadium (V), Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), and Molybdenum (Mo), and the nonmetals Selenium (Se) and Iodine (I).

As a general overview, metal ions have varying roles in the body. Some examples of the metal ions’ roles are:

1)Linking distant residues or parts of the [[Structural Biochemistry/Proteins/Amino Acids|amino acids]] in the [[Structural Biochemistry/Proteins|proteins]] together.
2)Mediating interactions between the protein [[Structural Biochemistry/Protein function/Ligand|ligand]]. 
3)Positioning themselves in the active sites of the macromolecules as nucleophilic catalysts or as a key component in the electron transfer chain.

There are six major elements that are important. They provide the building blocks for [[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid|nucleic acids]], [[Structural Biochemistry/Proteins|proteins]], [[Structural Biochemistry/Lipids|lipids]], etc.  They are:

* Sulfur:is a chemical element with a symbol S and its atomic number is 16. It is an abundant and multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8.
* Phosphorus:is a chemical element with a symbol P and its atomic number is 15. Also, it is a multivalent nonmetal of the nitrogen group. Phosphorus as a mineral is almost always present in its maximally oxidised state, as inorganic phosphate rocks.
* Nitrogen:is a chemical element with a symbol N and its atomic number is 7. Elemental nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions, constituting 78.09% by volume of Earth's atmosphere.
* Oxygen: is a chemical element with symbol O and its atomic number is 8. 
* Carbon:is the chemical element with symbol C and its atomic number is 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons that is available to form covalent chemical bonds.
* Hydrogen:is a chemical element with a symbol H and its atomic number is 1. With an average atomic weight of 1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest element and its monatomic form is the most abundant chemical. 

It would appear logical that numerous metal ions would be able to fulfill the biological processes.  However, biological processes require a specific metal in order to proceed because of their unique combination of properties such as specific crystal field stabilization energy, complex conformation, and electron transition states.  For example:

* coagulation cascade: Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; ions
* protein biosynthesis: Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; ions
* biomineralization (producing minerals to harden the existing tissues):  Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, magnesium, iron, etc.
* energy storage: phosphorous as inorganic phosphate P&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt;, Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, iron, etc.
* signaling: Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, boron, nitrogen, oxygen
* Lewis acid-base catalysis: zinc, iron, manganese
* numerous proteins, oxidative processes, and enzymes: Zn&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; ion

== [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Types of Macromolecules|Macromolecules]] ==

A macromolecule is a very large molecule that has a polypeptide chain structure. Proteins, rubber, genes, polysaccarides, and synthetic polymers all consist of macromolecules. Macromolecules interact with each other and with small molecules. All of the interactions reflect the complementary between the interacting species. Sometimes, the complementary is general, as in the association of hydrophobic groups, but more often an exact fit of size, shape and chemical affinity is involved. 

Inorganic macromolecules can be divided into several categories such as solids formed due to covalent bonds, organosilanes, siloxanes and organosiloxanes. Inorganic molecules are generally simple and are not normally found in living things. Although all organic substances contain carbon, some substances containing carbon, such as diamonds, are considered inorganic. 


Read more: http://www.answers.com/topic/inorganic-molecules#ixzz2BnXuBZvS

=== Examples ===
====Solids Formed by Covalent bonds====
Diamond, graphite, silicon, and germanium are some examples of large inorganic macromolecules. However, Zinc sulfide has two forms/phases: the wurtzite and the zinc blende.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br?&gt;

Wurtzite is a mineral that includes zinc sulfide (Fe,Zn)S.
ZnO, SiC, AlN, CaSe, BN, C(Hexagonal Diamond) all have the same crystal structure in terms of bonding, symmetry, and packing sequence. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

Zinc blende is cubic. Its' structure has the same bonding skeleton as the diamond structure. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
Wurtzite and zinc blende structures are the two common structural types of inorganic macromolecules.

====Elastic Sulfur====
When liquid sulfur is poured into cold water, a long chain of -S-S-S-S-S- is formed. This phase is known as the elastic sulfur phase.

== Nucleic Acids ==
[[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid|Nucleic acids]] are polymers made of nucleotides connected via phosphate-sugar backbones.  There are two kinds of nucleic acids ribonucleic acid ([[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/RNA|RNA]]) and deoxyribonucleic acid ([[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/DNA|DNA]]).  A nucleotide is made up of a 5-membered,[[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/Sugars|sugar]] (ribose or deoxyribose) which  is connected to a nitrogenous base ([[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Purines/Guanine|guanine]], [[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Purines/Adenine|adenine]], [[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Purines/Thymine|thymine]], [[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Purines/Cytosine|cytosine]], [[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/Nitrogenous Bases/Purines/Uracil|uracil]]) and phosphorous group(s).  DNA is made up of nucleotides containing guanine, adenine, thymine, and cytosine bases. RNA is made up of nucleotides containing guanine, adenine, uracil, and cytosine bases.  The nucleotides are attached to each other via a phosphate group along the 5'-3' carbon side of the sugar.  In addition, DNA is usually a double-stranded molecule whereas RNA is usually a single-stranded molecule.

[[File:Zinc finger DNA complex.png|thumb|alt=Alt text|&quot;Zinc Fingers&quot; protein forming a complex with DNA]]
===Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)===
DNA is a double-helix structure formed by the intertwining of two DNA strands in which the phosphate group is located on the outside of the molecule, whereas the nitrogenous bases are inside the structure and are connected via [[Structural Biochemistry/Chemical Bonding/Hydrogen bonds|hydrogen bonds]] and stabilized by [[Structural Biochemistry/Chemical Bonding/Van der Waals interaction|Van der Waals forces]], [[Structural Biochemistry/Chemical Bonding/Hydrophobic interaction|hydrophobic effects]], and charge-charge repulsion. DNA binds metal ions to the phosphate groups and the electron donor groups in the nitrogenous bases.  By binding to the negatively charged phosphate groups, the metal ions neutralize the negative charges on DNA, thereby stabilizing the double-helical structure of the DNA.  High concentrations of metal ions can be deleterious.  If there is a high metal ion concentration, then less stabilization is required by hydrogen bonding between the nitrogenous bases which can lead to mis-pairing of bases and errors during transcription.

===Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)===
[[File:RNAP TEC small.jpg|thumb|alt=Alt text|RNA polymerase bound to DNA and RNA through the use of a Magnesium&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; ion.]]
Metal ions bind not only with DNA, but also with RNA.  Metal ions interact with the phosphate groups and the electron donor groups in the RNA molecule. This interaction is important because it gives structural stability to the RNA.  In addition to this contribution, metal ions interact with ribozymes.  By nature, RNA is compact, stable, and folded. They are made of:

1)Ribosomal RNA ([[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/RNA/Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)|rRNA]]) --- their duty is to catalyze and regulate protein synthesis. Also, it carries the peptidyl-transferase activity and it is part of the structure of the ribosome.
2)Small nuclear RNAs molecules --- involved in the nucleus. It is splicing.
3)Signal recognition particle --- transfers the proteins through the membranes of the cell. Basically, it is a protein target.

In all of these RNAs, metal ions play an essential role in the RNA's structure, formation  and catalytic mechanisms. These information are explained in more detail as follow:
The pathway for the way that the RNA folds is as follows that: First, the RNA changes from a coil to a secondary structure. The second step is the  progression to the tertiary structure. In tertiary structures, the long-range interactions determine the tertiary structure of the nucleic acid.

Because of the phosphate sugar backbone, metal ions play a heavy part in the interactions that RNA goes through to fold and function. Different metal ions with different charges play different charges in various roles of the transformation. Ions with a +1 charge have a part in the charge-screening. This allows the RNA molecules transform to the secondary structure. The tertiary structures of the RNA molecules are stabilized, not with monovalent ions, but with metal ions with two charges. 

Holistically speaking, the formation of RNA's tertiary structure is contingent on four different criteria: (a) the RNA sequence, (b) metal ion identity, (c) metal ion concentration, and (d) the presence of RNA binding proteins. The preferred metal is Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; because Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; it is not only helps with stabilizing the tertiary structures, but it also helps the RNA bind to sites of high affinity.  However, other metals such as K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, Mn&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, Cd&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and Li&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; will also suffice. However, their range of reactivity only works for certain RNAs. However, they are vital for RNA metabolism. Trivalent ions besides organic protonated ions are not used. 

There are several types of metal ion binding to RNA known: &lt;br&gt;
(a) Diffuse Binding -- performed and done by cations. They are vital to make secondary and tertiary structures.&lt;br&gt;
(b) Site-bound outer-sphere binding of magnesium hexahydrate ion: Water ligands bridge the metal ions and the coordinating atoms on the RNA nucleobase or backbone.&lt;br&gt;
(c) Site-bound inner-sphere binding of Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; to the RNA -- The inner-sphere bound metal ions such as Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; are involved in RNA formation and function.

== Proteins ==
[[Structural Biochemistry/Proteins|protein]] Proteins are molecules that perform many important functions of the cell that keep it alive.  Inorganic molecules and ions are a key part of many of these proteins and their interactions with other molecules.  Metal ions can influence both the folding processes and the final structures of many important proteins.  
=== Examples ===
==== Hemoglobin and Myoglobin ====
[[File:Heme_b.png|thumb|alt=Alt text|Iron Complex in Hemoglobin]]
Hemoglobin[[|]] and Myoglobin [[|]]are both oxygen-transport proteins that use metal ions to help carry out their functions.  After their polypeptide chains have been sequenced, they bind with Fe&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; ions to form their final structures.&lt;ref = &quot;hemoglobin&quot;&gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin], Wikipedia-Hemoglobin&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref = &quot;myoglobin&quot;&gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myoglobin], Wikipedia-Myoglobin&lt;/ref&gt;

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemoglobin Wikipedia-Hemoglobin]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myoglobin Wikipedia-Myoglobin]

==== Sodium Potassium Ion Pump ====
The Sodium Potassium Ion Pump is used to pump sodium ions out of a cell while at the same time pumping potassium ions in.  This function can regulate a number of important cell properties, including the size of the cell and the amount of positive charge inside the cell relative to the outside (known as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resting_potential resting potential]).&lt;ref = &quot;Na+/K+-ATPase&quot;&gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase], Wikipedia-Sodium Potassium Ion Pump&lt;/ref&gt;

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%2B/K%2B-ATPase Wikipedia-Sodium Potassium Ion Pump]

==== Chlorophyll ====
[[File:HEMOGLOBIN CHLOROPHYLL.gif|thumb|alt=Alt text|Heme and Chlorophyll Structures]]
Chlorophyll is the pigment in many plants that gives them their green color and allows them to create their food from sunlight. Chlorophyll uses a Mg&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; ion to start the light reactions of photosynthesis. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are the two different types of chlorophyll that are found in plants. Their structure consists of a porphyrin ring with a central magnesium ion and a long hydrophobic side chain. The difference in the side chain allows chlorophyll to absorb light at different wavelengths. The hydrocarbon tail that is attached to the porphyrin ring makes chlorophyll fat-soluble and insoluble in water.&lt;ref = &quot;photosynthesis&quot;&gt;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis#Light_reactions], Wikipedia-Photosynthesis&lt;/ref&gt;

*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photosynthesis#Light_reactions Wikipedia-Chlorophyll]


==== More Proteins that contain metals ====

Fe (heme): peroxidase, catalase, cytochrome P450, cytochrome c


Fe (without heme): ferredoxin, hemerythrin
[[Image:PDB_1i4z_EBI.jpg|thumb|Hemerythrin without heme|100px]]

Cu: tyrosinase, nitrite reductase, amine oxidase

ZnII: carbonic anhydrase, carboxypeptidase, DNA polymerase

MgII: DNA polymerase

For more information ---&gt; Miessler and Tarr. &lt;u&gt;Inorganic Chemistry&lt;/u&gt;. 3rd ed. Pearson Prentice Hall: 2004.

== Carbohydrates ==
[[Structural Biochemistry/Carbohydrates|Carbohydrates]] form complexes with many metal ions.  The  [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Organic Functional Group/Hydroxyl|hydroxyl]] group carries a slight negative charge which is increased if the hydrogen atom is deprotonated.  This allows carbohydrates to attach to metal ions which carry positive charges through ionic interactions[[|]]. &lt;ref name=&quot;web&quot;&gt; http://www.transgenomic.com/pd/Chrom/CarbohydrateAnalysis.asp&lt;/ref&gt;

Inorganic ions can also oxidize or reduce carbohydrates, determining their reactivity.  Carbohydrates can be placed in a cupric ion solution.  The ones that react can exist as a ketone or an aldehyde and called reducing sugars.  These [[Structural Biochemistry/Nucleic Acid/Sugars|sugars]] react readily with many molecules.  Those that do not react are non-reducing sugars. &lt;ref name=&quot;book&quot;&gt; Interactions of metal ions with nucleotides, nucleic acids, and their constituents: Volume 32 of Metal ions in biological systems, Helmut Sigel&lt;/ref&gt;
===Example===
====Calcium====
In biological systems, carbohydrates have been observed with calcium.  Studies show that in an aqueous solution calcium binds to ionic or uncharged carbohydrates.  While there is no hard evidence, many believe that carbohydrates may have a role in transporting calcium, calcification, or storage of calcium.

== Lipids ==
[[Structural Biochemistry/Lipids|Lipids]] are hydrophobic molecules which in the case of fats and oils have as building blocks [[Structural Biochemistry/Lipids/Fatty Acids|fatty acid]] and triglycerides. Other lipids are steroids.[[Structural Biochemistry/Lipids/Fatty Wax|waxes]]. Phosphorylated lipids are the major component of plasma [[Structural Biochemistry/Lipids/Biological Membranes|membrane]].[http://www.biologylessons.sdsu.edu/classes/lab6/glossary.html Link label] Page text.&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot;&gt;[http://www.biologylessons.sdsu.edu/classes/lab6/glossary.html Link text], additional text.&lt;/ref&gt;

Inorganic compounds such as PO&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3-&lt;/sup&gt; and NaOH play an important role in understanding reactions involving [[Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Types of Macromolecules|macromolecules]] and their uses.
 

&lt;big&gt;'''Examples'''&lt;/big&gt;


1)phosphate in phospholipids.

Phosphates play a major role in the formation of the [[Structural Biochemistry/Lipids/Lipid Bilayer|lipid bilayer]] of the plasma [[Structural Biochemistry/Lipids/Biological Membranes|membrane]]. Attaching to [[Structural Biochemistry/Lipids/Fatty Acids|fatty acid]],they form the hydrophilic end of the bilayer whereas the lipid part form the hydrophobic part.


2)Formation of  [[Structural Biochemistry/Lipids/Soap|soap]]: a mixture of sodium salts of different fatty acids. If the fatty acid salt has potassium rather than sodium, a softer lather is the result.

 [[Structural Biochemistry/Lipids/Soap|Soap]] is produced by a saponification or basic hydrolysis reaction of a fat or oil. Currently, sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide is used to neutralize the fatty acid and convert it to salt.

&lt;big&gt;&lt;small&gt;'''General overall hydrolysis reaction:'''&lt;/small&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;big&gt;'''fat + NaOH ---&gt; glycerol + sodium salt of fatty acid'''&lt;/big&gt;

&lt;ref&gt;link:http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/554soap.html&lt;/ref&gt;
http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/images/554hydrolysistrigly.gif

==References==
&lt;references /&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>t6kbggc711pz45m7omhj9nl56i5p6p7</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Aros/User/Applications</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>237399</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641891</id>
      <parentid>4641565</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T16:57:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641891</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="234414" sha1="1dk6fl2zqgrtt2dyb2hg0e27l8oon4f" xml:space="preserve">
==Introduction==


[[#Graphical Image Editing Art]]
[[#Office Application]]
[[#Audio]]

[[#Misc Application]]
[[#Games &amp; Emulation]]

[[#Application Guides]]

[[#top|...to the top]]


[[#top|...to the top]]

Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well 

If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here]

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Internet Applications 
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Web Online Browser [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Odyssey 2.0], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1175&amp;highlight=odyssey&amp;rowstart=100 Odyssey 3.0], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/comm/www Amelinium], [https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ AWeb 3.6 src], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&amp;topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Netsurf], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;YouTube, Dailymotion website downloading videos audio [https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp yt-dlp], [],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [ smtube], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ytsearch], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SimpleMail, YAM, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt; SimpleMail, YAM
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IRC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Wookiechat, AmIRC 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Wookiechat 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood lang based Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter X (TM), Bitlbee IRC Gateway and others 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/kaffeine1/telegram-amiga telegram-amiga], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat jabberwocky], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Torrents 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/p2p ArTorr], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CTorrent, Transmission 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;FTP 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Plugin included with Dopus Magellan, MarranoFTP, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;WYSIWYG Web Site Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Mplayer (Icecast Client only), 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiPhone with Speak Freely, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Weather Forecast 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench AWeather], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], [https://github.com/emartisoft/AmiWeatherForecasts AmiWeatherForecasts src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc ntpsync],  
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ntpsync 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Newsgroups
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Graphical Image Editing Art==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Image Editing
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Image viewing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum,
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm)  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZunePaint], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit Photocrop]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Thumbnail Generator [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Icon Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Pixel Art Animation 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Lunapaint
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D SVG based MovieSetter type 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MovieSetter*, Fantavision*
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Morphing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ GLMorph]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Cad (qcad-&gt;LibreCAD, etc.) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Xcad, MaxonCAD
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;POV-Ray
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Format Converter [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen grabbing display 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record screen recorder], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Office Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Office
!width:10%;|AROS (x86)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Word-processing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1995&amp;rowstart=20&amp;pid=12668#post_12668 Slovo], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&amp;forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Spreadsheets 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/spreadsheet], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Presentations
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS4--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Databases 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/database BeeBase], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;BeeBase, SQLite, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;APDF 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AmiPDF 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;APDF, vPDF, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Printing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Postscript 3 laser printers and Ghostscript internal, [ GutenPrint], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;(some native drivers), 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;early TurboPrint included, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Note Taking markdown support like Obsidian like, joplin, OneNote, EverNotes, xournalpp, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Study and analyse, collect, organize, annotate, cite, and share
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AOrganiser, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Accounting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Project Management Research 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SuperGantt, SuperPlan, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Search 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Finder], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ],  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], 
|Kuma K-Roget*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DTP Desktop Publishing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Scanning 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SCANdal], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FxScan*, ScanQuix* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SCANdal (Sane)
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SCANdal
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OCR
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert gOCR] 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text Editing
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/TurboText20 TurboText20 ttx], Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Protext*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Drawing Vector
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit amifig], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;video conferencing (jitsi) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;source code hosting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Gitlab, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (server)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] 
|MorphVNC, vncserver
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (client) login and connect to another machine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc rdesktop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;notifications 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Ranchero 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Ringhio 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MagicBeacon 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Biometric facial logins and fingerprint security features 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Audio==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Audio
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib], [], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [RNOTunes ], [ mp3Player], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer
|AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Audio 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Audio Evolution 4] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Samplitude Opus Key], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] 
|[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Tracker Music
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already],  [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker
|MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and notes manuscript 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes for AROS], [ Audio Evolution], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David &quot;Talin&quot; Joiner &amp; Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction 2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Bars'n'Pipes, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sound Sampling 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude-MS Opus Key], Audiomaster IV*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD burn
|[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FryingPan, AmiDVD, 
|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD audio rip
|Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;cfid=0&amp;did=167 Quick CDrip],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Lame,  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Lame, 
|Lame,  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit mp3info], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Audio Convert
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc Sox], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DJ mixing jamming 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled 
*2005 ZP100 with ZP80 
*2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp)  ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, 
*2009 ZonePlayer S5, 
*2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support),   
*2011 Play:3
*2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1,  
*2016 Arc,   Play:1,   
*Beam (Gen 2),   Playbar,  Ray,   Era 100,   Era 300,   Roam,   Move 2,   
*Sub (Gen 3),   Sub Mini,  Five,  Amp  S2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;SonosController 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SonosController
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Smart Speakers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Video Creativity and Production==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Video
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing Video 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DvPlayer, MPlayer 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, [https://github.com/lizardbyte/sunshine sunshine], [https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt moonlight], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Mplayer, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Mplayer, Gnash, Tubexx 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, OWB, Tubexx
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing DVD 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AMP2, Frogger 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2,  
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Recording
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Screenrecorder, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Create and Edit Individual Video NLE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FFMpeg/GUI 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Subtitle editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Blogging like Lemmy or kbin
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR face recognition for Vtubers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting Live 2D models with Cubism type editor 
&lt;pre&gt;
Model data (cmo3)
Basic motions (can3)
Background image (png)
Set of files for embedding (runtime folder)
• Model data (moc3)
• Motion data (motion3.json)
• Model settings file (model3.json)
• Physics settings file (physics3.json)
• Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json)
&lt;/pre&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]


==Misc Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Management 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;DOpus2, DOpus 4, [http://sourceforge.net/projects/dopus5allamigas/files/?source=navbar DOpus Magellan DOpus5], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DOpus4, DOpus5, Filer, AmiDisk 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;DOpus4, DOpus5 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Verification / Repair 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;md5 (works in linux compiling shell), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2),  [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Par2, 
|-
|Application Installer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [ InstallerNG], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;InstallerNG, Grunch, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Jack
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Jack 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/util/pack/decrunchmania_os4 Crunchmania CrM2 depacker], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Binary Hexadecimal Editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Zaphod], [],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Repository
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Git]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Git
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Partition Editor formatter Disk Management
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1440&amp;highlight=partition&amp;pid=8821#post_8821 QuickPart], [ HDToolBox]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Repair
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;ArSFSDoctor, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; Quarterback Tools, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Multiple File renaming
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus 4 or 5, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Anti Virus
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;VChecker, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Random Wallpaper Desktop changer [ DOpus5], [ Scalos],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc AFortune], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;C/C++ IDE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Computer Languages Translation [https://tetracorp.github.io/guide/reverse-engineering-amiga.html ], [https://amigasourcecodepreservation.gitlab.io/amiga-assembler-insider-guide/ ], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://bitbucket.org/rhinoid/convert68000toc/src/main/ convert m68k seka asm-one to c], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Gui Creators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/guitool MuiBuilder], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ MuiBuilder],  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Catalog .cd .ct Editors 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;FlexCat
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat
|[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Misc Application 2==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OSK On Screen Keyboard
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Reader 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Converter 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc flite], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.text2speech.com translator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&amp;tool=simple FLite]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Display Blanker screensaver 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MultiCX, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;ModernArt Blanker, 
|-
|}


==Misc Application 3==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fractals mandelbrot, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ZoneXplorer, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Landscape Rendering 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astronomy [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skychart/ skychart freepascal], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astrology [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skylendar/ skylendar], [https://github.com/CruiserOne/Astrolog Astrolog], [https://www.astrolog.org/astrolog/astfile.htm Astrology alt site], [https://saravali.github.io/download.html Maitreya], [https://github.com/alamahant/Asteria Asteria], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PCB design
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Digital Signage
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Hollywood, Hollywood Designer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Languages 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Fun School, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/scientific mathX] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Yacas 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Yacas 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Maths Graph Function Plotting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot],
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Printer [https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer OrcaSlicer]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;BASIC Computer Language 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;sdlBasic
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;HAM amateur radio  [], [], [], [https://cemaxecuter.com/ Dragon OS], [https://github.com/km4ack/73Linux with 73 link update], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAL5KNePRSg video for], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://www.amigarealm.com/amiga/amicomms/comm4.htm Comm4], [https://www.amigarealm.com/archives/comms/aarug/ TNC Terminal Node Controller with packets over serial connections on Yaesu or Woxum handheld], [https://aminet.net/comm/misc AmiCom], [ with 7Plus file encoder/decoder], [ mksstv], [ RTTYam], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Games &amp; Emulation==

Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and 
[http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1]

Rom patching  https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php 

Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list.

[https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search]


{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Emulation]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Amstrad CPC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL &amp; pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Arcade 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Mame, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 7800
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Atari800], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Lynx
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Jaguar
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C64
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frodo, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Vice, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore Amiga
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer UAE], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo NES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem amines]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo SNES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo N64 
*HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], 
*LLE [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Wii U]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation NEC PC Engine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], 
|[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Saturn 
*HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast 
*HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast  flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum 
|[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair QL
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sony PlayStation
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS2]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS3]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Oricutron]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Action like [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action BOH], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [https://github.com/klembot/twinejs twine js], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/adventure dmagnetic], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying frotz infocom], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Cards 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/card ], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [https://zdoom.org/downloads UzDoom opengl 3.3], [https://github.com/ZDoom/gzdoom gzdoom opengl 3+], [https://zdoom.org/downloads LZDoom opengl 2.1], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Duke Nukem 3D], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 avp (openGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Odamex (openGL doom)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ zgloom], [], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ ab3dhd], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, Gloom, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Doom, Quake, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games MMORG like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Platform like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ thextech SMBX], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform Cave Story], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Frogatto], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ OpenJazz], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ pekkakana2], [ Aquaria], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ sonic CD], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Giana Sisters], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [https://github.com/mdodis/OpenSolomonsKey OpenSolomonsKey], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&amp;lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Speed Dreams], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 3rd third person action CRPG  [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ fheroes2 homm2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ breakhack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ devilutionx diablo 1 hellfire], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ fallout 1], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ stratagus], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ hostile-takeover], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games turn based tactics RPG [], [], [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy UFO AI], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ signus], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=140&amp;pid=12446#post_12446 Wargus warcraft 2 setup], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], 
||&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/action/ tbftss The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/ClassiCube/ Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [ Lua + LOVE], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [https://www.renpy.org/ renpy ren'py], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D],  [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [https://github.com/JacobHess03/ Dragon-Quest like], [https://github.com/bjornbytes/lovr Lua LOVE for 2D LOVR for 3D], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts with register], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library GLFW], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library Raylib 5], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games RPGMaker MV/MZ-compatible projects [https://github.com/Psychronic-Games/RPGReactor RPGReactor js],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games unpack unarc [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}


==Application Guides==

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Web Browser===

OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0.

This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. 

This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). 

Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. 

Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc 


Certificates from [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs], 


DNS tracking blocking with [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/tree/master easylist], [https://gitlab.com/eyeo anti abp], [https://firebog.net/ big blocklist], [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts Steves], [], [], 

This can be enabled with OWB Odyssey with Windows -&gt; Content Blocking and Windows -&gt; Messages and enter 

 https://www.youtube.com/api/stats/ads*
 https://www.youtube.com/pagead/adview*
 https://www.youtube.com#@##player-ads*

into your custom filters 


Element blocker browser extension might be needed for [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/wiki/Youtube-Issues youtube], [ mid roll], [ pre roll], [ ],  


OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: 

So add this :
&lt;pre&gt;
copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE &gt;NIL:
copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: &gt;NIL:
&lt;/pre&gt;
Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated 

Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …)
If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it.


Error messages 

SSL error &quot;cant verify with ca-certificates&quot;, check bios clock time date is correct 

Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros 


[https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&amp;udm=14 Google search without AI overview] 


===E-mail===

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections


====SimpleMail====

SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes.

Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list]


 GMail

Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first.

pop3: 
pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

smtp:
smtp.gmail.com (with authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 465 or 587


 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange

Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013.

If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way:

1. Email/Password
2. Manual
3. IMAP
4.

* Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked
* Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked
* POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL

 Yahoo  Mail

On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts.

Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well.


Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server

* Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 993
* Requires SSL - Yes

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server

* Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 465 or 587
* Requires SSL - Yes
* Requires authentication - Yes

Your login info

* Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com)
* Password - Your account's password
* Requires authentication - Yes


Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3

* Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
* “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
* “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
* “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

* Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.


====YAM Yet Another Mailer====

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections

This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists]

One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server.

Possible issues

Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue.


getting a &quot;Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error

Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library

 GMail 
Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL)
Port: 465 or 587

Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com')
Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com)
Password: your Gmail password

Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead.


 Outlook.com access

&lt;pre &gt;
Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com
Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias)
Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password
Outlook.com SMTP port: 587
Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes 
&lt;/pre &gt;


 Yahoo  Mail

&lt;pre &gt;
“POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
“SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.
“Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
“Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
“Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.
&lt;/pre &gt;

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3


 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 

1. Get the files to your PC.
By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received.

2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM.

3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too.

4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments.

5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format.


===FTP===

Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a &quot;thing of the past&quot;, its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort.

First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure &quot;FTP file transfer&quot; is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command:

ifconfig -a

Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan:

Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on &quot;New&quot;. 
You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine:

1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before.

2) click on Custom Options:


1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu;

2) Ensure &quot;Passive Transfers&quot; is NOT selected;

3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source:


1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and

2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's &quot;MyWorkspace&quot; contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes.

Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well.


===IRC Internet Relay Chat===

Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. 

Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying.

Other things to type in - replace &lt;message&gt; with a line of text and &lt;nick&gt; with a person's name

&lt;pre&gt;
/help

/list

/who
/whois &lt;nick&gt;

/msg &lt;nick&gt; &lt;message&gt;

/query &lt;nick&gt; 
&lt;message&gt;s
/query

/away &lt;message&gt;
/away

/quit &lt;going away message&gt; 
&lt;/pre&gt;


[http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript].


Issue the command /me &lt;text&gt; where &lt;text&gt; is the text that should follow your nickname.
Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout

/nick &lt;newNick&gt;

/nickserv register &lt;password&gt; &lt;email address&gt;

/ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv

/nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;

Alternatives:
/ns identify &lt;password&gt;
/msg nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;


==== IRC WookieChat ====

WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities.


add smilies drawer/directory

 run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000

select a server / server window

* nickname 
* user name 
* real name - optional

Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in.


servers

* New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box 
* New Group
* Delete Entry
* Connect to server
* connect in new tab
* perform on connect

Change details

* Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: 
* Port number - no need to change
* Server password
* Channel - add #channel from below 
* auto join - can click this 
* nick registration password,

Click Connect to server button above


&lt;pre&gt;
Server: irc.freenode.net
Channel: #aros
&lt;/pre&gt;

irc://irc.freenode.net/aros

&lt;pre&gt;
Server: chat.amigaworld.net 
Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC)
Server:irc.superhosts.net
Channel #team*amiga  
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks
Server: im.bitlbee.org 
Port 6667 
Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers],

&lt;pre&gt;
#Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) 
twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net 
liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL)
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Multiple server support
&quot;Perform on connect&quot; scripts and channel auto-joins
Automatic Nickserv login
Tabs for channels and private conversations
CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND
Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers
Colours for different events
Logging and automatic reloading of logs
mIRC colour code filters
Configurable timestamps
GUI for changing channel modes easily
Configurable highlight keywords
URL Grabber window
Optional outgoing swear word filter
Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages
DCC CHAT support
Doubleclickable URL's
Support for multiple languages using LOCALE
Clone detection
Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection
Command aliases
Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style
Counter for Unread messages
Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser
&lt;/pre&gt;


====IRC Aircos ====

Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. 


====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky====
 Servers are setup and close down at random 
You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. 

The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky
&lt;pre &gt;
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; XMPP -&gt; open and ad-free 
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; Transports (Gateways) -&gt; Proprietary closed systems 
&lt;/pre &gt;

The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead.

The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc.


You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list],

Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other.

Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password.

Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users.

Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's &quot;Windows&quot; menu and select the &quot;Agents&quot; option. The &quot;Agents List&quot; window will open.

Roster (contacts list)

[http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available

File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL.

Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN.

There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options.


 Facebook

If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway.

&lt;pre &gt;
1. launch jabberwocky
2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu
3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID
4. your password is your normal facebook password
5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field

6. click the 'add' button
7. click the 'close' button
8. click the 'connect' button
&lt;/pre &gt;

you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky.

[http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&amp;forum=32 Read more here]

for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password


 Twitter

For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net],  and .

An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to]

:Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more]

 Instagram 

no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client

 ICQ

The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check.

Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/
Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window-&gt;Agents-&gt;&quot;Register&quot;. Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account.

 Yahoo Messenger

although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies

 MSN

early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time....

Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in.  You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again.  It may also take multiple tries to sign in.  (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.)

You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting.

msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window.

From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which  helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure.

1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address.

2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following:

* Select the &quot;Windows/Agents&quot; menu option in Jabberwocky.
* Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server.
* Click the Register button to open a new window asking for:
**Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address.
**Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list.
**Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address.
* Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window.

3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN.

4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works.

If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz..
then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz

or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com  You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com 
And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time...

 Google Talk

any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users.

implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format


===Video Player MPlayer===

Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using

4:3
 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi

16:9
 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi

if you want gui use;
 mplayer -gui 1 &lt;other params&gt; file.avi

&lt;pre &gt;
stack 1000000

; using AspireOS 1.xx 
; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 1.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 2.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

cd RAM:MPlayer
run MPlayer -gui &gt; Nil:
;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls &gt; Nil: 
&lt;/pre &gt;

$ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4


MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though.

AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP.

If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP

-rtsp-stream-over-tcp

If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol  server needs authentification:

-user -passwd


MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache

MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface


Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music 
 
http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls 

http://scenesat.com/

http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga

http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm

http://www.kohina.com/

http://www.remix64.com/

http://retrogamer.net/forum/

http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml

http://retrogamesquad.com/

http://www.retronauts.com/

http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/

http://www.retrogamingradio.com/

http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp


[[#top|...to the top]]

====ZunePaint==== 

simplified typical workflow

* importing and organizing and photo management
* making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time 
* exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata


Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes.


For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction.

For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common.  Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject.

Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking.

For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term.


* White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under &quot;Misc color effects&quot; tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green 
* Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery
* Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software
* Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations
* Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement
* Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) 
* Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) 
* Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - 
* Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) 
* Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size


White Balance - F12 and K

scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above.


Exposure correction

F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up

Workflows in practice

* Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z 
* Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R

First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. 
* Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. 
* Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. 
* After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK.


And save your picture


Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use

basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, 
* negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc.

adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, 
* reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon,  etc. 
* red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate,

effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) 
* blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc.

borders such as 
* dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc.

brushes e.g.
* frost, smoke, etc.

and manual control of

fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration -  lens and body profiles

perspective correction

levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows

curves -  Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast

color balance

one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc.

Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors

decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image

any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha 
If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later.

File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc.  contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr

Image Picture Formats
* low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace -  TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary.
* linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) 
An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert dcraw]

There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible.

A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values.

The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a &quot;downsampling&quot; - should prevent as much loss as possible.

Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured.

Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help 

File
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New	Ctrl+n	New
Open	Ctrl+o	Open
Close	Ctrl+w	Close
Save	Ctrl+s	Save
Save as	Shift+Ctrl+s	Save as
Revert	F12	Revert
Print	Ctrl+p	Print
Exit	Ctrl+q	Quit
 
Edit
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Undo/Redo (1 level)	Ctrl+z	Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z)
Cut	Ctrl+x	Cut
Copy	Ctrl+c	Copy
Paste	Ctrl+v	Paste
Paste Into	Shift+Ctrl+v	Paste Into
Fill with FG color	Alt+Backspace	Fill with FG color
Fill with BG color	Control+Backspace	Fill with BG color
 
Image/Colors
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Levels	Ctrl+l	Levels
Auto Contrast	Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l	Stretch Contrast (same?)
Curves	Ctrl+m	Curves
Color Balance	Ctrl+b	Color Balance
Hue/Saturation	Ctrl+u	Hue-Saturation
Desaturate	Shift+Ctrl+u	Desaturate
Invert	Ctrl+i	Invert
Default Colors	d	Default Colors
Switch Colors	x	Switch Colors
 
Layer
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New Layer	Shift+Ctrl+n	New Layer
Layer via Copy	Ctrl+j	Duplicate Layer
Bring (layer) to Front	Shift+Ctrl+]	Layer to Top
Send (layer) to Back	Shift+Ctrl+[	Layer to Bottom
Bring (layer) Forward	Ctrl+]	Raise Layer
Send (layer) Backward	Ctrl+[	Lower Layer
Select Top Layer	Shift+Alt+]	Select Top Layer
Select Bottom Layer	Shift+Alt+[	Select Bottom Layer
Select One Layer Forward	Alt+]	Select Previous Layer
Select One Layer Backward	Alt+[	Select Next Layer
Merge Down	Ctrl+e	Merge Down
Merge Visible	Shift+Ctrl+e	Merge Visible
Preserve Transparency	/	Keep Transparency
Cycle Modes Forwards	Shift+=	Next Layer Mode
Cycle Modes Backwards	Shift+-	Previous Layer Mode
 
Select
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Select All	Ctrl+a	Select All
Deselect	Ctrl+d	Select None
Inverse	Shift+Ctrl+i	Invert
Feather	Ctrl+Alt+d	Feather
 
View
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Zoom In	Ctrl+=	Zoom In
Zoom Out	Ctrl+-	Zoom Out
Fit on Screen	Ctrl+0	Zoom to Fit Window
Actual Pixels	Ctrl+Alt+0	Zoom 1:1
Show/Hide Extras	Ctrl+h	Toggle Show Selection (close enough?)
Show/Hide Guides	Ctrl+'	Toggle Show Guides
Show/Hide Grid	Ctrl+Alt+'	Toggle Show Grid
Show/Hide Rulers	Ctrl+r	Toggle Show Rulers
Snap	Ctrl+;	Snap to Guides
Scroll View Up	Page Up	Scroll Page Up
Scroll View Down	Page Down	Scroll Page Down
Scroll View Left	Ctrl+Page Up	Scroll Page Left
Scroll View Right	Ctrl+Page Down	Scroll Page Right
 
Window/Dialogs
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
?	F5	Tools Dialog
Color Tab	F6	Colors Dialog
Layers Tab	F7	Layers Dialog
Info Tab	F8	Image Information
 
Tools
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Rectangular Marquee Tool	m	Rect Select Tool
Elliptical Marquee Tool	Shift+m	Ellipse Select Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop	 
Move Tool	v	Move Tool
Lasso Tool	l	Free Select Tool
Magic Wand Tool	w	Fuzzy Select Tool
Crop Tool	c	Crop &amp; Resize Tool
Airbrush Tool	j	Airbrush Tool
Paintbrush Tool	b	Paintbrush Tool
Clone Stamp Tool	s	Clone Stamp Tool
Eraser Tool	e	Eraser Tool
Gradient Tool	g	Blend Tool
Paint Bucket Tool	Shift+g	Bucket Fill Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop	 
Blur Tool	r	Convolve Tool
Dodge Tool	o	DodgeBurn Tool
Type Tool	t	Text Tool
Pen Tool	p	Bezier Select Tool
Eye Dropper Tool	i	Color Picker Tool
Zoom Tool	z	Magnify Tool
Previous Brush	,	Previous Brush
Next Brush	.	Next Brush
First Brush	Shift+&lt;	First Brush
Last Brush	Shift+&gt;	Last Brush
Decrease Brush Size	[	Decrease Brush Size
Increase Brush Size	]	Increase Brush Size
Decrease Brush Hardness	{	Decrease Brush Hardness
Increase Brush Hardness	}	Increase Brush Hardness
 
Help
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Help	F1	Help
Context Help	Shift+F1	Context Help
 
Misc.
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Last Filter	Ctrl+f	Repeat Last Filter
?	Shift+Ctrl+f	Reshow Last Filter
Preferences	Ctrl+k	Preferences
Liquify	Shift+Ctrl+x	IWarp (close enough?)
Toggle Quick Mask	q	Toggle Quick Mask


Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape

Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. 
* Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by   and brushes for other areas. 
* Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. 
Remove fringe/halo

saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact.


Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. 
* RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) 
* YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video]


Histograms

White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. 
If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right.

RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter.  Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30%

RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) .  The alpha channel is used for &quot;alpha compositing&quot;, which can mostly be associated as &quot;opacity&quot;.  AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel.

The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph.  The highlights are represented by the right third.  And the midtones are, of course, in the middle.  The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). 
By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. 
By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .


RGB Curves

* Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens 
* Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens

Color Curves

* Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but 
* Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow.
&lt;pre&gt;
 Red &lt;-&gt; Cyan
 Green &lt;-&gt;Magenta
 Blue &lt;-&gt;Yellow 
&lt;/pre&gt;

YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e.  separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white.  A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram.   A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited.  By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .

The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much
Can be used to create a negative image but also 
With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow.
With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan.
e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green.

YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other.  
using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments

sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping.


Free royalty pictures, [www.freeimages.com ], [http://imageshack.us/ ], [http://photobucket.com/ ], [http://rawpixels.net/], [], [], [], 


====Lunapaint====

Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function

 Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail 

&lt;pre&gt;
b BRUSH
e ERASER

alt eyedropper 
v layer tool 

z ZOOM / MAGNIFY &lt; &gt; n 
spc panning 
m  marque 
q lasso 
w same color selection / region 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
, LM RM
v 
V
f  filter 
F 
.  size 

p 
,  pick color 
[] last / next color 
&lt;/pre&gt;


There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc.

Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software.

 author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added.

* add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del]
* whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble
* pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes.
* Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint.
* to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64.
* implement graphic tablet features support


**GENERAL DRAWING**

Miss it very much:
UNDO
ERASER
COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked.
BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from &quot;New project screen&quot;

Miss it somewhat:
ICON for UNDO
ICON for ERASER
ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often )
BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush

**ANIMATING**

Miss it very much:
NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project
ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush

Miss it somewhat:
ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame

In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day.


LAYERS
-Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames
-Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?).

EXPORTING IMAGES
-Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --&gt; My robot was blue now it's &quot;gold&quot; ) I think this only happens if you have layers.
-Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them)
-Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10

LOAD/SAVE (Preferences)
-Make a setting for the default &quot;Work&quot; folder.

* Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers 
* mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying)

&lt;pre&gt;
Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts 
    NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key

    [Technique]

    F1  - Paint
    F2  - Single Colour
    F3  - Replace
    F4  - Smear
    F5  - Shade
    F6  - Cycle
    F7  - Smooth
     M  - Colour Cycle

    [Brush]

     B  - Restore
     O  - Outline
     h  - Halve brush size
     H  - Double brush size
     x  - Flip brush on X axis
     X  - Double brush size on X axis only
     y  - Flip on Y 
     Y  - Double on Y
     z  - Rotate brush 90 degrees
     Z  - Stretch

    [Stencil]

     `  - Stencil On

    [Miscellaneous]

    F9  - Info Bar
    F10 - Selection Bar
    @o  - Co-Ordinates
    @a  - Anti-alias
    @r  - Colourise
    @t  - Translucent
    TAB - Colour Cycle

    [Picture]

     L  - Load
     S  - Save
     j  - Page to Spare(Flip)
     J  - Page to Spare(Copy)
     V  - View Page
     Q  - Quit

    [General Keys]

     m  - Magnify
     &lt;  - Zoom In
     &gt;  - Zoom Out
     [  - Palette Colour Up
     ]  - Palette Colour Down
     (  - Palette Colour Left
     )  - Palette Colour Right
     ,  - Eye Dropper
     .  - Pixel / Brush Toggle
     /  - Symmetry
     |  - Co-Ordinates
    INS - Perspective Control
    +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control)
     w  - Unfilled Polygon
     W  - Filled Polygon
     e  - Unfilled Ellipse
     E  - Filled Ellipse
     r  - Unfilled Rectangle
     R  - Filled Rectangle
     t  - Type/text tool
     a  - Select Font
    u/U - Undo
     d  - Brush
     D  - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon
    f/F - Fill Options
    g/G - Grid
    h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control)
     K  - Clear
     c  - Unfilled Circle
     C  - Filled Circle
     v  - Line
     b  - Scissor Select and Toggle
     B  - Brush
    {,} - Toggle between two background colours
&lt;/pre&gt;

====Lodepaint====

Pixel based painting artwork app

====Grafx2====

Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], 


====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG====

Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps


*Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping 
*Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide 
*Colour - fill stroke 
*Stroke - size 
*Brushes - 
*Layers - 
*Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows 
*Text    - 
*Transform - 


 AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) 

[[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]]

for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent

;Menu options
* Load - fig format but import(s) SVG
* Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png
* PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys 
* Deselect all points

There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted.

;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings

;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) 
* Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes,  polygon 
* Lines - polylines
* Text &quot;T&quot; button 
* Photos - bitmaps
* Compound - Glue, Break, Scale 
* POINTs - Move, Add, Remove 
* Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste 
use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s)
* Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square

;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives 
* Color
* Line Width
* Line Style
* arrowheads

;Modes 
Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc.

;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored 
* compound tools to add .fig(s) together

;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 
&lt;pre&gt;
Landscape
Center
Inches
Letter 
100.00
Single
-2
1200 2
4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01
&lt;/pre&gt;

# change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). 
# The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13.
# The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default).
# The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20.
# The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees).
# twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch.
# thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before.

* The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox.
* The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence.

; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation


[[#top|...to the top]]

===Audio===


# AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem.

# When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always).

# For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording.


====Music Mods====

Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI.

Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds.

Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock.

In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments.

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr])

If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon

*Sample
*Note - Effect 
*Track (column) - Pattern - Order

It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) 
The Note can be changed with an Effect.  A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song.

Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above).  Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head.

*Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. 
*Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of &quot;swing&quot; feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. 
*Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds.
*Moody - minor key

First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too.

This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song.

The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats.

Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section.

The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords.

Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave.

To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them.

For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth.


The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern &quot;00&quot;, then pattern &quot;02&quot;, then &quot;03&quot;, then &quot;01&quot;, etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song.

The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song.

The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D.

Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot; are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 &quot;Kick&quot;.

The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6.

The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the &quot;F&quot; effect, which is a tempo command. The &quot;04&quot; means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster).

Base pattern

When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In &quot;Wild Bunnies&quot; the base pattern is pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot;.

In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow.


Drums

Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The &quot;F&quot; command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of &quot;swing&quot; feel.

In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation.

In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The &quot;8&quot; command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix.


Bass line

There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more &quot;live&quot;.

The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key.


Chords

The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm.


Lead

Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention.

A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The &quot;461&quot; effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes.

Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 &quot;Square&quot;), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form.

Song structure

Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations.

A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus.

Other single sectional song structures are

&lt;pre&gt;
Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody 
AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s 
AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s 
Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form
ABAB Song Form
ABAC Song Form
ABCD Song Form
AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 
8-Bar Song Form
16-Bar Song Form
Hybrid / Compound Song Forms
&lt;/pre&gt;

The most common building blocks are:

#INTRODUCTION(INTRO)
#VERSE
#REFRAIN
#PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB
#CHORUS
#BRIDGE
#MIDDLE EIGHT
#SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK
#COLLISION
#CODA / OUTRO
#AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO)

The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember.

The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus.


 Playing

RCTRL:                           Play song from row 0.

LSHIFT + RCTRL:                  Play song from current row.

RALT:                            Play pattern from row 0.

LSHIFT + RALT:                   Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on '&gt;':               Play song from row 0.

Right mouse on '&gt;':              Play song from current row.

Left mouse on '|&gt;':              Play pattern from row 0.

Right mouse on '|&gt;':             Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on 'Edit/Record':     Edit mode on/off.

Right mouse on 'Edit/Record':    Record mode on/off.


 Editing 


LSHIFT + ESCAPE:                 Switch large patterns view on/off

TAB:                    Go to next track

LSHIFT + TAB:                    Go to prev. track

LCTRL + TAB:                    Go to next note in track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB:           Go to prev. note in track

SPACE:                           Toggle Edit mode On &amp; Off

(Also stop if the song is being played)

SHIFT SPACE:                     Toggle Record mode On &amp; Off

(Wait for a key note to be pressed

or a midi in message to be received)

DOWN ARROW:                      1 Line down

UP ARROW:                        1 Line up

LEFT ARROW:                      1 Row left

RIGHT ARROW:                     1 Row right

PREV. PAGE:                      16 Arrows Up

NEXT PAGE:                       16 Arrows Down

HOME / END:                      Top left / Bottom right of pattern

LCTRL + HOME / END:              First / last track

F5, F6, F7, F8, F9:              Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns

+ - (Numeric keypad):           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:    Next / Previous position

LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous instrument

LSHIFT + M:                      Toggle mute state of the current channel

LCTRL + LSHIFT + M:             Solo the current track / Unmute all

LSHIFT + F1 to F11:              Select a tab/panel

LCTRL + 1 to 4:                 Select a copy buffer


 Tracking 

1st and 2nd keys rows:           Upper octave row

3rd and 4th keys rows:           Lower octave row

RSHIFT:                          Insert a note off

/ and * (Numeric keypad)

or F1 F2:                        -1 or +1 octave

INSERT / BACKSPACE:              Insert or Delete a line in current track

or current selected block.

LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE:     Insert or Delete a line in current pattern

DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE):          Empty a column or a selected block.


 Blocks

(Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel).


LCTRL + A:          Select entire current track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern

LALT + A:          Select entire column note in a track

LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track

LCTRL + X:          Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer

LCTRL + C:          Copy the selected block into the block-buffer

LCTRL + V:          Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern

LCTRL + I:          Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection

LSHIFT + ARROWS

PREV. PAGE

NEXT PAGE: Select a block

LCTRL + R:          Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them)

LCTRL + U:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher

LCTRL + D:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower  (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + H:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher

LCTRL + L:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + W:          Save the current selection into a file


 Misc 


LALT + ENTER:     Switch between full screen / windowed mode

LALT + F4:        Exit program (Windows only)

LCTRL + S:         Save current module

LSHIFT + S:         Switch top right panel to synths list

LSHIFT + I:         Switch top right panel to instruments list


&lt;pre&gt;
C-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Volume 
B-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Jump to 
A#x  xh xx xx hhhh hhhh   Slide 
F-x    xh xx xx hhhh            Tempo 
D-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Pattern Break 
G#x  xh xx xx hhhh
&lt;/pre&gt;

h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13

d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10  11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume.

The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex.

Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly.
This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it...

The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary.

Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from.

Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. 
&lt;pre&gt;
   C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing
   ---      000
   C-3    330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30.
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
&lt;/pre&gt;
Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note.

This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up.
There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them.

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  02

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  05

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  08

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0A

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0D

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10

(You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..)  Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns.


The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa.

Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest.
Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use.

Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format.   vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) 

&lt;pre&gt;
 C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 &lt;-  Turn Arpeggio effect on
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B38 &lt;- Change datas
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B00 &lt;- Turn it off
&lt;/pre&gt;

Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21.

Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from.

Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order.
Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off.

Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well.

Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31.

Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart.

Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16.

Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop.

Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato.

Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged.

Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex).

Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work.

Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played!

Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for.

Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop &quot;movement&quot; is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000).

effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units

There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine.

It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel).

so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings.

for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top.

In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself.

For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud.

The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation.


&lt;pre&gt;
Support for the following modules formats:
669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), 
AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), 
AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), 
APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), 
FAR (Farandole Composer), 
GDM (General DigiMusic), 
IT (Impulse Tracker), 
IMF (Imago Orpheus), 
MOD (15 and 31 instruments), 
MED (OctaMED), 
MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), 
OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), 
S3M (Scream Tracker 3), 
STM (Scream Tracker), 
STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), 
ULT (UltraTracker), 
UNI (MikMod), 
XM (FastTracker 2),
Mid (midi format via timidity)
&lt;/pre&gt;


Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2],


====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface====

A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it).

'''Timidity'''

Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ 
 assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity
added to SYSːs/User-Startup

'''WildMidi playback'''


'''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)'''


*Sync Menu    - CAMD Receive, Send checked 
*Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup 


MCB Master Control Bus 
*Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&amp;P). 
*B&amp;P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&amp;Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes 
*CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE 


*MIDI Machine Control
*Midi Bar Display 
*Select CAMD MIDI in / out
*Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely 
 Channel   - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, 
 Subgroup  - Volume, Mute, Solo 
 Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward 
 Misc      - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up 


&lt;pre&gt;
q        - quit 

First 3 already opened when AE started 
F1       - timeline window
F2       - mixer 
F3       - control 
F4       - subgroups 
F5       - aux returns 
F6       - sample list 

i        - Load sample to use 

space    - start/stop play 
b        - reset time 0:00


s        - split mode 
r        - open recording window 
a        - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume 


[ / ]    - zoom in / out 
:        - previous track
*        - next track 

x c v f  - cut copy paste cross-fade 
g        - snap grid 


&lt;/pre&gt;


 '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]'''

 BarsnPipes debug ... in shell 

Menu (right mouse)  
*Song        - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 
*Track       - 
*Edit        -
*Tool        - 
*Timing      - SMTPE Synchronizing 
*Windows     - 
*Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option 

Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) 
*Workflow -&gt; Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, 
*Control  -&gt; Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, 

Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -&gt; Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them 

If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time 

Right mouse menu -&gt; Preferences -&gt; Environment... -&gt; ScreenMode  - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC 


'''Tracks'''

#Double-click on B&amp;P's icon. B&amp;P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&amp;P.
#Choose a track. The B&amp;P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup.
#Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record.
#Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration.
#Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel.
#Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features.


Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&amp;t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg  PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], 

Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help 


'''Tracks window'''

* blue &quot;1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group&quot; and transport tape deck VCR-type controls
* Flags 
* [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] 

Each Track has a 

*Left LHS  - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline 
*Middle    - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap 
*Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT 

Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times 


'''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)'''

After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc
 right mouse -&gt; Toolbox menu option -&gt; Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool 

Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms
[https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars &amp; Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group 


'''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' 

Accessories -&gt; Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support 


'''Song Construction'''
&lt;pre&gt;
F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Duplicator 
F5  Eraser 
F6  Toolpad 
F7  Bounding box 
F8  Lock to A-B-A 

A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, 

&lt;/pre&gt;


Bars&amp;Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations 

'''Tempo Map'''

F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Eraser 
F5  Curve 
F6  Toolpad 


Compositions

Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature 

'''Master Parameters'''

Key, Scale/Mode

'''Track Parameters'''

Dynamics 


'''Time-line Scoring'''


'''Media Madness'''


'''Mix Maestro'''


*ACCESSORIES         Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules 
*CLIPBOARD           Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks.
*INFORMATION         A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine.
*MASTER PARAMETERS   Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes.
*MEDIA MADNESS       A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc 
*METRONOME           Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required.
*MIX MAESTRO         Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software 
*RECORD ACTIVATION   Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc
*SET FLAGS           Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time 
*SONG CONSTRUCTION   Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections
*TEMPO MAP           Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves 
*TEMPO PALETTE       Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings.
*TIMELINE SCORING    Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance.
*TOOLBOX             Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available 
*TRACKS              Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools.
*TRANSPORT           Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes.


Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed.
Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory.

In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID &quot;NAME&quot; (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as &quot;NAME&quot;. On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as &quot;EMAN&quot;.  The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA).

If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard 

http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml


MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically &quot;note on&quot;, &quot;note off&quot;, &quot;program change&quot;, &quot;controller change&quot;, or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music.

* Channel     - 1 to 16 -
* Messages    - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs,  etc 
* Sequencing  - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, 
* Recording   - 
* GUI         - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes 

MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off 

MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc 

MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE 

Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. 

Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. 

Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations.

Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -&gt; PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors)

Preferences -&gt; Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF 

Prefs -&gt; Environment -&gt; screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) 

Customization -&gt; pics in gui drawer (folder) - 


Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi 

SMF is a “Standard Midi File”  ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], 

* SMF0        All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel.
* SMF1        The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels.
* SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels.


Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers?
On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality

BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. 

&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI can control 16 channels 
There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments 
handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present 
It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&amp;P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and 
MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system 
Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format 
Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc.
&lt;/pre&gt;


Composers
&lt;pre&gt;
[https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] 

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc
1992 Bars&amp;Pipes Pro published 
November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&amp;Pipes Pro 2.5c beta
end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state 
end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 
2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


 Protrekkr

How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ?

First of all, midi in &amp; out capabilities of this program are rather limited.

# Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time).
# Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected).
# Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk.
# Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported.

Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row:

&lt;pre&gt;
    C-3 02 .. .. 0000....


    --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... &lt;&lt; This will set the value 
    --- .. .. .. 0000....    of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex)
    --- .. .. .. 0000....
&lt;/pre&gt;

So &quot;--- .. .. 90 2040....&quot; will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64).

You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages.

 N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal!

Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard.

Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible.

Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels.

Further devices can respond to, and transmit, &quot;breath controller&quot; data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it.

A controller keyboard may be capable of sending &quot;expression pedal&quot; data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message.

Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The &quot;voice&quot; or &quot;instrument&quot; is selected using a &quot;Program Change&quot; message on its own.

Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in &quot;banks&quot;, and the choice of instrument is made by responding to &quot;Bank Select MSB&quot; (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use &quot;Bank Select LSB&quot; (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List.


 MIDI Implementation Chart

But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart.

If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are &quot;compatible&quot;. In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart.

The chart is divided into four columns headed &quot;Function&quot;, &quot;Transmitted&quot; (or &quot;Tx&quot;), &quot;Received&quot; (or &quot;Rx&quot;), or more correctly &quot;Recognised&quot;, and finally, &quot;Remarks&quot;.

&lt;pre&gt;
The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described.
The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device.
The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to.
The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns.
&lt;/pre&gt;

There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra &quot;Notes&quot;. Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI &quot;modes&quot; and what the &quot;X&quot; and the &quot;O&quot; mean.
&lt;pre&gt;
Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; 
Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; 
Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; 
Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono.
&lt;/pre&gt;
O means &quot;yes&quot; (implemented), X means &quot;no&quot; (not implemented).

Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks &quot;**************&quot;, these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise).

Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail.

Basic Channel
But the very first set of boxes will tell us the &quot;Basic Channel(s)&quot; that the device sends or receives on. 
&quot;Default&quot; is what happens when the device is first turned on, &quot;changed&quot; is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. 
For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels.

On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be &quot;split&quot; with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel.
So we might see the default as &quot;1&quot; but the changed as &quot;1-16&quot;.

Modes.
We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes.

But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device.

If we send an &quot;Omni On&quot; message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, &quot;Omni Off&quot;.

So &quot;Omni Off&quot; (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel.

&quot;Poly&quot; (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords.

&quot;Mono&quot; (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a &quot;smoother&quot; transition.

So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4).

We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. 
Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono).

This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none.

Finally, in the &quot;Altered&quot; field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode.

Note Number
&lt;pre&gt;
The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127.
The second line, &quot;True Voice&quot; has the following in the MIDI specification: 
&quot;Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument.&quot;
My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Velocity
This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually &quot;O&quot; plus a range or &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.

After touch
This may have one or two lines two it.
If a one liner the either &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot;, yes or no.
If a two liner then it may include &quot;Keys&quot; or &quot;Poly&quot; and &quot;Channel&quot;.
This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither.

Pitch Bend
Again &quot;O&quot; for implemented, &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.
(Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.)
It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel.

Control Change
This is likely to be the largest section of the chart.
It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; respectively.
You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation.

Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers]

Program Change
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available.
True # (number): &quot;The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected.&quot;

System Exclusive
Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation.

System Common - These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation).
Song Position Pointer
Song Select
Tune Request
&lt;/pre&gt;
The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages.

System Real Time
These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
Timing Clock - often just written as &quot;Clock&quot;
Start
Stop
Continue
&lt;/pre&gt;
These three are usually just referred to as &quot;Commands&quot; and listed.
Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to.
&lt;pre&gt;
Aux. Messages
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; for implemented or not.
Aux. = Auxiliary.
Active Sense = Active Sensing.
&lt;/pre&gt;
Often with an explanation of the action of the device.

Notes
The &quot;Notes&quot; section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation.

Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification.
And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA.


 OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS

SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES
Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages

The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from &quot;MIDI by the Numbers&quot; by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete.

WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information.

MIDI 1.0 Specification

Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1000nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note Off event. 
This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1001nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note On event. 
This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1010nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). 
This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Control Change. 
This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as &quot;Channel Mode Messages&quot; (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1100nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ppppppp || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1101nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1110nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits.
|}

Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above)

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Mode Messages. 
This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are:
*All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off
*Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice.
*Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. 
c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off
c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On
* All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. 
c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.)
c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off 
c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On 
c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) 
c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off)
|}

System Common Messages

System Messages (0xF0)

The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category.

The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories.

System Common

If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes.

System Common Messages
Type Status Byte   Number of Data Bytes      Usage 
&lt;pre&gt;
Time Code Quarter Frame	0xF1	1	Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*.
Song Position	0xF2	2	Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song.
Song Select	0xF3	1	Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song.
Undefined	0xF4	0	
Undefined	0xF5	0	
Tune Request	0xF6	0	Requests that the receiver retunes itself**.
&lt;/pre&gt;
*MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification
**While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command.


System Exclusive

If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates.

System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format:

0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7
The message is bookended with distinct bytes.

It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0.
The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier.
Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning.
If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value.
&lt;pre&gt;
ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities.
ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message.
ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message.
&lt;/pre&gt;
After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes.
The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7.
The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios.

An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer.
System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer.
Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages.
 Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii]  0ddddddd  --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || &lt;!--Description--&gt;System Exclusive. 
This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0nnndddd || &lt;!--Description--&gt;MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame.
nnn = Message Type
dddd = Values
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Position Pointer. 
This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0sssssss || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Select. 
The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. 
|}


System Real-Time Messages

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Stop. Stop the current sequence.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. 
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up.
|}


Advanced Messages

Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0)

Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages.

Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages.

The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp
n is the status (0xA)
c is the channel nybble
kk is the key number (0 to 127)
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all.

Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xD)
c is the channel number
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pitch Bend (0xE0)

Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends.

Pitch Bend Wheel

The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM
n is the status (0xE)
c is the channel number
LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value
MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value
&lt;/pre&gt;
You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000).

Control Change (0xB0)

In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below.


Continuous Controllers

These controls send the following message format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv
n is the status (0xB)
c is the MIDI channel
cc is the controller number (0-127)
vv is the controller value (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments.

The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers.

On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard.


Program Change (0xC0)

Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xc)
c is the channel
pp is the patch number (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change.

Audio &amp; Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ?
Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me:

 Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key)
 and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value
 that will make sound sync both audio/midi.

The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ?
You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the &quot;wav&quot; option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals.


Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment


====DAW Audio Evolution 4====

Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ.

Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware.

Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions

The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88.

sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only)


Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. 
* Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom)


stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right

hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option


Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format 

 sox recital.wav recital.aiff

 sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm
 sox input.wav        output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k

performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16.

 rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00

records half an hour of stereo audio 

 play existing-file.wav


24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work 

*No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI.
*No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps.
*Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output.
*No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables.
*No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. 


select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.)
The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo.

Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz.


Channels

Monitor

Gain

Inout

Output

Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port


* Options -&gt; Soundcard In/Out
* Options -&gt; SampleRate
* Options -&gt; Preferences

F6 for Sample File List

Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track &quot;not in time&quot; ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway).

If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it).

AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording.


These are the usual features found in DAWs...

* Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer 
* virtual VST instruments and plug-ins 
* automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor


* different track views 
* mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) 
* traditional two windows (track and mixer)


Mixing - mixdown

Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect.

Take look at page17 of the manual.

When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu.

Menus-&gt;Windows-&gt; Aux Returns Window

or press F5

You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are &quot;prefade&quot; so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them.


Tracking


Effects - fade in

To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out.

To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal.

There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal,

You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so

Sample -&gt; Amplify -&gt; Delay

Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard.

Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out.

Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage.

Signal Processing -


Overdub

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Office===

====Spreadsheet Leu====

Support for some xlsx, and ods functions 


====Spreadsheet Ignition====

; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done

File formats supported 
* ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). 
* igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas.

There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment.

* Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells.
* copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -&gt; Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. 
* Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c)  to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively 
* Edit -&gt; Insert -&gt; Row  seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be...

Change Sheet name by  Object -&gt; Sheet -&gt; Properties

Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells.

Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. 
Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. 
View -&gt; Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet).

Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered.

* #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used.

;Graphs

use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents

* value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ...


;Dates 
* Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)'''
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put date in days


;Time 
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put time in seconds taken


;Database (to be done by someone else)

type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), 
* select a bunch of cells and Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) 
* Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?)
* Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ?

Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition().

Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax().

Table sorting -


;Scripts (Arexx)

;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions 
*SUM(), 
*AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(),
*IF(), AND, OR, NOT 
*LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), 
*LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(),
* DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), 
*TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), 
*EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), 
*NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(),
*DBSUM() becomes DSUM(),


;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files 
There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel)

*HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), 
*TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &amp;, PROPER(), REPT(), 
*[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), 
*PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, 
*MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), 
*DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(),


;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] 
&lt;pre&gt;
Ctrl Z - Undo

Ctrl D - Fill Down
Ctrl R - Fill right

Ctrl F - Find
Ctrl H - Replace

Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells
CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number 
Ctrl ; - Todays Date 

F2 - Edit cell
F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references

&lt;/pre&gt;


====Document Scanning - Scandal====

Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead.

Check in Trident Prefs -&gt; Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None)
If not found then reboot the computer and recheck.

Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device).

The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only
 or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx

* gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx.
* epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used

'''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes)

Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections.

Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected.

Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not.

In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. 
Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet.

In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage.


The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select &quot;NONE&quot; to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now.

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Emulators===

==== Amiberry ====


==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ====

With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app 

There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included 

Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script:
&lt;pre&gt;
cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator
changetaskpri -1
run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config &gt;nil:
cd sys:prefs
endcli
&lt;/pre&gt;
This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time.


===Miscellaneous===

====Screensaver Blanker====

Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker.

Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or  run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange &gt;NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h).

Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options 
&lt;pre&gt;
seconds=number 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup

e.g. for 5 minutes

 run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;NIL:


*[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor.


*[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver.

Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker.

&lt;pre&gt;
cx_priority=
cx_popkey=    ie CX_POPKEY=&quot;Shift F1&quot; 
cx_popup=Yes or No

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
 Qualifier String    Input Event Class
   ----------------    -----------------
    &quot;lshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT
    &quot;rshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT
    &quot;capslock&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK
    &quot;control&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL
    &quot;lalt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_LALT
    &quot;ralt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_RALT
    &quot;lcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND
    &quot;rcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND
    &quot;numericpad&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD
    &quot;repeat&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT
    &quot;midbutton&quot;        IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON
    &quot;rbutton&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON
    &quot;leftbutton&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON
    &quot;relativemouse&quot;    IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
    Synonym     Synonym
    String     Identifier
    -------    ----------
    &quot;shift&quot;    IXSYM_SHIFT    /* look for either shift key */
    &quot;caps&quot;     IXSYM_CAPS     /* look for either shift key or capslock */
    &quot;alt&quot;      IXSYM_ALT      /* look for either alt key */

Highmap is one of the following strings:
    &quot;space&quot;, &quot;backspace&quot;, &quot;tab&quot;, &quot;enter&quot;, &quot;return&quot;, &quot;esc&quot;, &quot;del&quot;,
    &quot;up&quot;, &quot;down&quot;, &quot;right&quot;, &quot;left&quot;, &quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f4&quot;, &quot;f5&quot;,
    &quot;f6&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f8&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;, &quot;help&quot;.


&lt;/pre&gt;


[[#top|...to the top]]

==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ====

WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. 

Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris &quot;Xenon&quot; Hanson&quot; from Questar 

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign &quot;WCSProjects:&quot; &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects&quot; 
Assign &quot;WCSFrames:&quot;   &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames&quot; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -&gt; Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj
OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening 
Render by pull down menu Modules -&gt; Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], 

Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj
Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par
Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. 
Then drop-down menu and select Save As (&quot;NewName&quot;.proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name)


After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. 
It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu 

*Database   - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), 
*Data Ops   - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats  
*Map View   - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor 
*Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc 
*Render     - rendering terrain 

These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock 
*Motion Editor
*Color Editor
*Ecosys Editor 


Simple minimal workflow 
*Load database (1st icon - 1st)
*Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon)
*Render scene (5th icon) 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], 

&lt;pre&gt;
.proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files 

.binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff  conversion 
.Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats 
USGS 7.5MinDEM, 

.par 


&lt;/pre&gt;


Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the &quot;Mapview&quot; (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities:

* Loading of a demonstration project.
* The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the &quot;Database-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Color-Editor&quot;.
* The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing.


The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the &quot;Mapview&quot; window is active.

The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that &quot;Color-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; (creation of roads, railways, etc.) 


The Map View (MapView) window

*Database - Objects and Topos
*View     - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move 
*Draw     - Maps and distance 
*Object   - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate 
*Motion   - Camera, Focus, path, elevation 
*Windows  - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, 


You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height.
Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above
 

ZOOM button

Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map.
Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view.

PAN button

Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything.
There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details.

Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further...


Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS
If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape.
With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value.


Ecosys Ecosystem Editor

Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated).
Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters.
&lt;pre&gt;
Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5
Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000
Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water .
Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water.
Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor.
Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All'

EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model 


Color Editor

Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first.
Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations!
So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50
&lt;pre&gt;
'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30
'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60
'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80
' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30
&lt;pre&gt;
Now we can work on pre-existing colors
&lt;pre&gt;
'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130
'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170
'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190
'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200
'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170
&lt;/pre&gt;

Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0

So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep.
Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously.


Motion Editor

Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics:
&lt;pre&gt;
-Camera Altitude: 7.0
-Camera Latitude: 36.075
-Camera Longitude: 112.133
-Focus Attitude: -2.0
-Focus Latitude: 36.275
-Focus Longitude: 112.386
-Camera : 512 → rendering window
-Camera Y: 384 → rendering window
-View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees
-Sun Longitude: 172
-Sun Latitude: -0.9
-Haze Start: 3.8
-Haze Range: 78, 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear.
Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude...
Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one.


From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain.
While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision.
Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel.


The sun

Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box.

Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again.


Animation

The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions (&quot;slide&quot;, &quot;drag&quot;...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. 


A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...).

At the bottom of the &quot;Motion-Editor&quot;, a &quot;cam-view&quot; function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images (&quot;path&quot;), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer (&quot;zbuffer&quot;), the blur, the background image, etc.


Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the &quot;Render&quot; button.

For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program.


Strengths:

* Multi-window.
* Quality of rendering.
* Accuracy.
* Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen.
* Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats 
* The &quot;zbuffer&quot; function.

Weaknesses:

* No OpenGL management 
* Calculation time.
* No network computing tool.


====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan====

Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs

If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero)

Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file

If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. (&quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; is on the right).

You should use the &quot;Data/Audio tracks&quot; page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd.

Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button

Examples

Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page &quot;ISO Builder&quot; and &quot;ADD&quot; everything you need to burn.

On the &quot;Write&quot; page i have &quot;Masterize Disc (DAO)&quot;, &quot;Close Disc&quot; and &quot;Eject after Write&quot; set.

One must not &quot;Blank disc before write&quot; if one uses a CDR


AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks

Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page and &quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; and add the .iso


====odf====

Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document.

* content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content.
* styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves.
* meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action.
* settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information.


To read document follow these steps:

* Extracting .ods file.
* Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data).
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file).
* With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables.
* Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data.
* At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface.


To write document follow these steps:

* Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template).
* Getting content.xml file.
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file.
* Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements.
* Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file.
* Zipping that file as new .ods file.

XLS file format

The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records.

These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. 
All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records.

* Workbook stream 
**Globals substream
***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) 
**Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format)
***Blank cell record
***RK cell record 32-bit number. 
***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code)
***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number)
***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST)
***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself)
***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on)
***MulRK record 
***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook.

ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), 
COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), 
CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), 
DB(), DDB(), DISC(), 
DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), 
DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), 
INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), 
ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), 
PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), 
RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), 
VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(),


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>1dk6fl2zqgrtt2dyb2hg0e27l8oon4f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641994</id>
      <parentid>4641891</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T11:46:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641994</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="234457" sha1="6484lwb7a18mp7xgqnapdctegmi0yr3" xml:space="preserve">
==Introduction==


[[#Graphical Image Editing Art]]
[[#Office Application]]
[[#Audio]]

[[#Misc Application]]
[[#Games &amp; Emulation]]

[[#Application Guides]]

[[#top|...to the top]]


[[#top|...to the top]]

Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well 

If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here]

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Internet Applications 
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Web Online Browser [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Odyssey 2.0], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1175&amp;highlight=odyssey&amp;rowstart=100 Odyssey 3.0], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/comm/www Amelinium], [https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ AWeb 3.6 src], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&amp;topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Netsurf], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;YouTube, Dailymotion website downloading videos audio [https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp yt-dlp], [],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [ smtube], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ytsearch], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SimpleMail, YAM, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt; SimpleMail, YAM
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IRC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Wookiechat, AmIRC 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Wookiechat 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood lang based Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter X (TM), Bitlbee IRC Gateway and others 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/kaffeine1/telegram-amiga telegram-amiga], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat jabberwocky], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Torrents 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/p2p ArTorr], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CTorrent, Transmission 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;FTP 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Plugin included with Dopus Magellan, MarranoFTP, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;WYSIWYG Web Site Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Mplayer (Icecast Client only), 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiPhone with Speak Freely, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Weather Forecast 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench AWeather], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], [https://github.com/emartisoft/AmiWeatherForecasts AmiWeatherForecasts src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc ntpsync],  
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ntpsync 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Newsgroups
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Graphical Image Editing Art==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Image Editing
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Image viewing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum,
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm)  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZunePaint], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit Photocrop]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Thumbnail Generator [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Icon Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Pixel Art Animation 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Lunapaint
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D SVG based MovieSetter type 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MovieSetter*, Fantavision*
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Morphing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ GLMorph]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Cad (qcad-&gt;LibreCAD, etc.) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Xcad, MaxonCAD
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;POV-Ray
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Format Converter [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen grabbing display 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record screen recorder], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Office Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Office
!width:10%;|AROS (x86)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Word-processing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1995&amp;rowstart=20&amp;pid=12668#post_12668 Slovo], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&amp;forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Spreadsheets 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/spreadsheet], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Presentations
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS4--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Databases 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/database BeeBase], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;BeeBase, SQLite, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;APDF 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AmiPDF 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;APDF, vPDF, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Printing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Postscript 3 laser printers and Ghostscript internal, [ GutenPrint], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;(some native drivers), 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;early TurboPrint included, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Note Taking markdown support like Obsidian like, joplin, OneNote, EverNotes, xournalpp, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Study and analyse, collect, organize, annotate, cite, and share
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AOrganiser, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Accounting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Project Management Research 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SuperGantt, SuperPlan, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Search 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Finder], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ],  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], 
|Kuma K-Roget*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DTP Desktop Publishing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Scanning 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SCANdal], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FxScan*, ScanQuix* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SCANdal (Sane)
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SCANdal
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OCR
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert gOCR] 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text Editing
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/TurboText20 TurboText20 ttx], Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Protext*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Drawing Vector
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit amifig], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;video conferencing (jitsi) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;source code hosting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Gitlab, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (server)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] 
|MorphVNC, vncserver
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (client) login and connect to another machine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc rdesktop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;notifications 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Ranchero 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Ringhio 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MagicBeacon 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Biometric facial logins and fingerprint security features 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Audio==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Audio
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib], [], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [RNOTunes ], [ mp3Player], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer
|AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Audio 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Audio Evolution 4] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Samplitude Opus Key], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] 
|[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Tracker Music
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already],  [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker
|MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and notes manuscript 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes for AROS], [ Audio Evolution], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David &quot;Talin&quot; Joiner &amp; Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction 2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Bars'n'Pipes, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sound Sampling 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude-MS Opus Key], Audiomaster IV*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD burn
|[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FryingPan, AmiDVD, 
|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD audio rip
|Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;cfid=0&amp;did=167 Quick CDrip],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Lame,  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Lame, 
|Lame,  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit mp3info], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Audio Convert
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc Sox], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DJ mixing jamming 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled 
*2005 ZP100 with ZP80 
*2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp)  ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, 
*2009 ZonePlayer S5, 
*2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support),   
*2011 Play:3
*2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1,  
*2016 Arc,   Play:1,   
*Beam (Gen 2),   Playbar,  Ray,   Era 100,   Era 300,   Roam,   Move 2,   
*Sub (Gen 3),   Sub Mini,  Five,  Amp  S2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;SonosController 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SonosController
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Smart Speakers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Video Creativity and Production==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Video
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing Video 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DvPlayer, MPlayer 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, [https://github.com/lizardbyte/sunshine sunshine], [https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt moonlight], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Mplayer, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Mplayer, Gnash, Tubexx 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, OWB, Tubexx
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing DVD 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AMP2, Frogger 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2,  
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Recording
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Screenrecorder, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Create and Edit Individual Video NLE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FFMpeg/GUI 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Subtitle editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Blogging like Lemmy or kbin
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR face recognition for Vtubers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting Live 2D models with Cubism type editor 
&lt;pre&gt;
Model data (cmo3)
Basic motions (can3)
Background image (png)
Set of files for embedding (runtime folder)
• Model data (moc3)
• Motion data (motion3.json)
• Model settings file (model3.json)
• Physics settings file (physics3.json)
• Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json)
&lt;/pre&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]


==Misc Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Management 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;DOpus2, DOpus 4, [http://sourceforge.net/projects/dopus5allamigas/files/?source=navbar DOpus Magellan DOpus5], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DOpus4, DOpus5, Filer, AmiDisk 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;DOpus4, DOpus5 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Verification / Repair 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;md5 (works in linux compiling shell), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2),  [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Par2, 
|-
|Application Installer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [ InstallerNG], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;InstallerNG, Grunch, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Jack
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Jack 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/util/pack/decrunchmania_os4 Crunchmania CrM2 depacker], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Binary Hexadecimal Editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Zaphod], [],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Repository
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Git]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Git
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Partition Editor formatter Disk Management
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1440&amp;highlight=partition&amp;pid=8821#post_8821 QuickPart], [ HDToolBox]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Repair
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;ArSFSDoctor, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; Quarterback Tools, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Multiple File renaming
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus 4 or 5, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Anti Virus
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;VChecker, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Random Wallpaper Desktop changer [ DOpus5], [ Scalos],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc AFortune], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;C/C++ IDE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Computer Languages Translation [https://tetracorp.github.io/guide/reverse-engineering-amiga.html ], [https://amigasourcecodepreservation.gitlab.io/amiga-assembler-insider-guide/ ], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://bitbucket.org/rhinoid/convert68000toc/src/main/ convert m68k seka asm-one to c], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Gui Creators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/guitool MuiBuilder], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ MuiBuilder],  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Catalog .cd .ct Editors 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;FlexCat
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat
|[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Misc Application 2==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OSK On Screen Keyboard
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Reader 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Converter 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc flite], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.text2speech.com translator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&amp;tool=simple FLite]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Display Blanker screensaver 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MultiCX, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;ModernArt Blanker, 
|-
|}


==Misc Application 3==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fractals mandelbrot, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ZoneXplorer, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Landscape Rendering 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astronomy [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skychart/ skychart freepascal], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astrology [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skylendar/ skylendar], [https://github.com/CruiserOne/Astrolog Astrolog], [https://www.astrolog.org/astrolog/astfile.htm Astrology alt site], [https://saravali.github.io/download.html Maitreya], [https://github.com/alamahant/Asteria Asteria], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PCB design
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Digital Signage
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Hollywood, Hollywood Designer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Languages 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Fun School, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/scientific mathX] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Yacas 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Yacas 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Maths Graph Function Plotting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot],
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Printer [https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer OrcaSlicer]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;BASIC Computer Language 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;sdlBasic
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;HAM amateur radio  [], [], [], [https://cemaxecuter.com/ Dragon OS], [https://github.com/km4ack/73Linux with 73 link update], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAL5KNePRSg video for], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://www.amigarealm.com/amiga/amicomms/comm4.htm Comm4], [https://www.amigarealm.com/archives/comms/aarug/ TNC Terminal Node Controller with packets over serial connections on Yaesu or Woxum handheld], [https://aminet.net/comm/misc AmiCom], [ with 7Plus file encoder/decoder], [ mksstv], [ RTTYam], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Games &amp; Emulation==

Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and 
[http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1]

Rom patching  https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php 

Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list.

[https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search]


{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Emulation]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Amstrad CPC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL &amp; pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Arcade 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Mame, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 7800
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Atari800], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Lynx
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Jaguar
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C64
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frodo, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Vice, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore Amiga
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer UAE], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo NES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem amines]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo SNES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo N64 
*HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], 
*LLE [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Wii U]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation NEC PC Engine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], 
|[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Saturn 
*HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast 
*HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast  flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum 
|[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair QL
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sony PlayStation
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS2]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS3]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Oricutron]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Action like [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action BOH], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [https://github.com/klembot/twinejs twine js], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/adventure dmagnetic], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying frotz infocom], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Cards 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/card ], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [https://zdoom.org/downloads UzDoom opengl 3.3], [https://github.com/ZDoom/gzdoom gzdoom opengl 3+], [https://zdoom.org/downloads LZDoom opengl 2.1], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Duke Nukem 3D], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 avp (openGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Odamex (openGL doom)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ zgloom], [], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ ab3dhd], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, Gloom, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Doom, Quake, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games MMORG like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Platform like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ thextech SMBX], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform Cave Story], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Frogatto], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ OpenJazz], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ pekkakana2], [ Aquaria], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ sonic CD], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Giana Sisters], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [https://github.com/mdodis/OpenSolomonsKey OpenSolomonsKey], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&amp;lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Speed Dreams], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 3rd third person action CRPG  [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [https://github.com/rwengine/openrw gta3], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ fheroes2 homm2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ breakhack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ devilutionx diablo 1 hellfire], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ fallout 1], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ stratagus], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ hostile-takeover], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games turn based tactics RPG [], [], [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy UFO AI], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ signus], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=140&amp;pid=12446#post_12446 Wargus warcraft 2 setup], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], 
||&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/action/ tbftss The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/ClassiCube/ Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [ Lua + LOVE], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [https://www.renpy.org/ renpy ren'py], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D],  [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [https://github.com/JacobHess03/ Dragon-Quest like], [https://github.com/bjornbytes/lovr Lua LOVE for 2D LOVR for 3D], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts with register], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library GLFW], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library Raylib 5], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games RPGMaker MV/MZ-compatible projects [https://github.com/Psychronic-Games/RPGReactor RPGReactor js],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games unpack unarc [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}


==Application Guides==

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Web Browser===

OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0.

This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. 

This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). 

Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. 

Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc 


Certificates from [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs], 


DNS tracking blocking with [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/tree/master easylist], [https://gitlab.com/eyeo anti abp], [https://firebog.net/ big blocklist], [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts Steves], [], [], 

This can be enabled with OWB Odyssey with Windows -&gt; Content Blocking and Windows -&gt; Messages and enter 

 https://www.youtube.com/api/stats/ads*
 https://www.youtube.com/pagead/adview*
 https://www.youtube.com#@##player-ads*

into your custom filters 


Element blocker browser extension might be needed for [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/wiki/Youtube-Issues youtube], [ mid roll], [ pre roll], [ ],  


OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: 

So add this :
&lt;pre&gt;
copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE &gt;NIL:
copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: &gt;NIL:
&lt;/pre&gt;
Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated 

Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …)
If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it.


Error messages 

SSL error &quot;cant verify with ca-certificates&quot;, check bios clock time date is correct 

Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros 


[https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&amp;udm=14 Google search without AI overview] 


===E-mail===

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections


====SimpleMail====

SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes.

Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list]


 GMail

Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first.

pop3: 
pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

smtp:
smtp.gmail.com (with authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 465 or 587


 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange

Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013.

If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way:

1. Email/Password
2. Manual
3. IMAP
4.

* Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked
* Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked
* POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL

 Yahoo  Mail

On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts.

Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well.


Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server

* Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 993
* Requires SSL - Yes

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server

* Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 465 or 587
* Requires SSL - Yes
* Requires authentication - Yes

Your login info

* Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com)
* Password - Your account's password
* Requires authentication - Yes


Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3

* Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
* “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
* “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
* “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

* Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.


====YAM Yet Another Mailer====

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections

This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists]

One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server.

Possible issues

Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue.


getting a &quot;Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error

Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library

 GMail 
Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL)
Port: 465 or 587

Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com')
Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com)
Password: your Gmail password

Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead.


 Outlook.com access

&lt;pre &gt;
Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com
Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias)
Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password
Outlook.com SMTP port: 587
Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes 
&lt;/pre &gt;


 Yahoo  Mail

&lt;pre &gt;
“POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
“SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.
“Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
“Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
“Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.
&lt;/pre &gt;

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3


 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 

1. Get the files to your PC.
By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received.

2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM.

3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too.

4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments.

5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format.


===FTP===

Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a &quot;thing of the past&quot;, its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort.

First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure &quot;FTP file transfer&quot; is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command:

ifconfig -a

Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan:

Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on &quot;New&quot;. 
You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine:

1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before.

2) click on Custom Options:


1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu;

2) Ensure &quot;Passive Transfers&quot; is NOT selected;

3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source:


1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and

2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's &quot;MyWorkspace&quot; contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes.

Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well.


===IRC Internet Relay Chat===

Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. 

Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying.

Other things to type in - replace &lt;message&gt; with a line of text and &lt;nick&gt; with a person's name

&lt;pre&gt;
/help

/list

/who
/whois &lt;nick&gt;

/msg &lt;nick&gt; &lt;message&gt;

/query &lt;nick&gt; 
&lt;message&gt;s
/query

/away &lt;message&gt;
/away

/quit &lt;going away message&gt; 
&lt;/pre&gt;


[http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript].


Issue the command /me &lt;text&gt; where &lt;text&gt; is the text that should follow your nickname.
Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout

/nick &lt;newNick&gt;

/nickserv register &lt;password&gt; &lt;email address&gt;

/ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv

/nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;

Alternatives:
/ns identify &lt;password&gt;
/msg nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;


==== IRC WookieChat ====

WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities.


add smilies drawer/directory

 run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000

select a server / server window

* nickname 
* user name 
* real name - optional

Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in.


servers

* New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box 
* New Group
* Delete Entry
* Connect to server
* connect in new tab
* perform on connect

Change details

* Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: 
* Port number - no need to change
* Server password
* Channel - add #channel from below 
* auto join - can click this 
* nick registration password,

Click Connect to server button above


&lt;pre&gt;
Server: irc.freenode.net
Channel: #aros
&lt;/pre&gt;

irc://irc.freenode.net/aros

&lt;pre&gt;
Server: chat.amigaworld.net 
Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC)
Server:irc.superhosts.net
Channel #team*amiga  
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks
Server: im.bitlbee.org 
Port 6667 
Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers],

&lt;pre&gt;
#Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) 
twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net 
liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL)
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Multiple server support
&quot;Perform on connect&quot; scripts and channel auto-joins
Automatic Nickserv login
Tabs for channels and private conversations
CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND
Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers
Colours for different events
Logging and automatic reloading of logs
mIRC colour code filters
Configurable timestamps
GUI for changing channel modes easily
Configurable highlight keywords
URL Grabber window
Optional outgoing swear word filter
Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages
DCC CHAT support
Doubleclickable URL's
Support for multiple languages using LOCALE
Clone detection
Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection
Command aliases
Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style
Counter for Unread messages
Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser
&lt;/pre&gt;


====IRC Aircos ====

Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. 


====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky====
 Servers are setup and close down at random 
You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. 

The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky
&lt;pre &gt;
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; XMPP -&gt; open and ad-free 
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; Transports (Gateways) -&gt; Proprietary closed systems 
&lt;/pre &gt;

The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead.

The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc.


You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list],

Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other.

Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password.

Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users.

Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's &quot;Windows&quot; menu and select the &quot;Agents&quot; option. The &quot;Agents List&quot; window will open.

Roster (contacts list)

[http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available

File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL.

Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN.

There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options.


 Facebook

If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway.

&lt;pre &gt;
1. launch jabberwocky
2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu
3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID
4. your password is your normal facebook password
5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field

6. click the 'add' button
7. click the 'close' button
8. click the 'connect' button
&lt;/pre &gt;

you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky.

[http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&amp;forum=32 Read more here]

for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password


 Twitter

For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net],  and .

An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to]

:Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more]

 Instagram 

no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client

 ICQ

The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check.

Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/
Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window-&gt;Agents-&gt;&quot;Register&quot;. Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account.

 Yahoo Messenger

although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies

 MSN

early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time....

Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in.  You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again.  It may also take multiple tries to sign in.  (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.)

You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting.

msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window.

From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which  helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure.

1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address.

2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following:

* Select the &quot;Windows/Agents&quot; menu option in Jabberwocky.
* Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server.
* Click the Register button to open a new window asking for:
**Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address.
**Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list.
**Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address.
* Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window.

3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN.

4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works.

If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz..
then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz

or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com  You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com 
And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time...

 Google Talk

any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users.

implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format


===Video Player MPlayer===

Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using

4:3
 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi

16:9
 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi

if you want gui use;
 mplayer -gui 1 &lt;other params&gt; file.avi

&lt;pre &gt;
stack 1000000

; using AspireOS 1.xx 
; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 1.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 2.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

cd RAM:MPlayer
run MPlayer -gui &gt; Nil:
;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls &gt; Nil: 
&lt;/pre &gt;

$ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4


MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though.

AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP.

If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP

-rtsp-stream-over-tcp

If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol  server needs authentification:

-user -passwd


MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache

MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface


Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music 
 
http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls 

http://scenesat.com/

http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga

http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm

http://www.kohina.com/

http://www.remix64.com/

http://retrogamer.net/forum/

http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml

http://retrogamesquad.com/

http://www.retronauts.com/

http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/

http://www.retrogamingradio.com/

http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp


[[#top|...to the top]]

====ZunePaint==== 

simplified typical workflow

* importing and organizing and photo management
* making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time 
* exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata


Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes.


For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction.

For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common.  Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject.

Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking.

For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term.


* White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under &quot;Misc color effects&quot; tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green 
* Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery
* Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software
* Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations
* Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement
* Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) 
* Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) 
* Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - 
* Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) 
* Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size


White Balance - F12 and K

scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above.


Exposure correction

F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up

Workflows in practice

* Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z 
* Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R

First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. 
* Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. 
* Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. 
* After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK.


And save your picture


Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use

basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, 
* negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc.

adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, 
* reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon,  etc. 
* red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate,

effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) 
* blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc.

borders such as 
* dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc.

brushes e.g.
* frost, smoke, etc.

and manual control of

fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration -  lens and body profiles

perspective correction

levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows

curves -  Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast

color balance

one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc.

Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors

decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image

any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha 
If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later.

File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc.  contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr

Image Picture Formats
* low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace -  TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary.
* linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) 
An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert dcraw]

There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible.

A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values.

The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a &quot;downsampling&quot; - should prevent as much loss as possible.

Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured.

Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help 

File
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New	Ctrl+n	New
Open	Ctrl+o	Open
Close	Ctrl+w	Close
Save	Ctrl+s	Save
Save as	Shift+Ctrl+s	Save as
Revert	F12	Revert
Print	Ctrl+p	Print
Exit	Ctrl+q	Quit
 
Edit
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Undo/Redo (1 level)	Ctrl+z	Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z)
Cut	Ctrl+x	Cut
Copy	Ctrl+c	Copy
Paste	Ctrl+v	Paste
Paste Into	Shift+Ctrl+v	Paste Into
Fill with FG color	Alt+Backspace	Fill with FG color
Fill with BG color	Control+Backspace	Fill with BG color
 
Image/Colors
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Levels	Ctrl+l	Levels
Auto Contrast	Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l	Stretch Contrast (same?)
Curves	Ctrl+m	Curves
Color Balance	Ctrl+b	Color Balance
Hue/Saturation	Ctrl+u	Hue-Saturation
Desaturate	Shift+Ctrl+u	Desaturate
Invert	Ctrl+i	Invert
Default Colors	d	Default Colors
Switch Colors	x	Switch Colors
 
Layer
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New Layer	Shift+Ctrl+n	New Layer
Layer via Copy	Ctrl+j	Duplicate Layer
Bring (layer) to Front	Shift+Ctrl+]	Layer to Top
Send (layer) to Back	Shift+Ctrl+[	Layer to Bottom
Bring (layer) Forward	Ctrl+]	Raise Layer
Send (layer) Backward	Ctrl+[	Lower Layer
Select Top Layer	Shift+Alt+]	Select Top Layer
Select Bottom Layer	Shift+Alt+[	Select Bottom Layer
Select One Layer Forward	Alt+]	Select Previous Layer
Select One Layer Backward	Alt+[	Select Next Layer
Merge Down	Ctrl+e	Merge Down
Merge Visible	Shift+Ctrl+e	Merge Visible
Preserve Transparency	/	Keep Transparency
Cycle Modes Forwards	Shift+=	Next Layer Mode
Cycle Modes Backwards	Shift+-	Previous Layer Mode
 
Select
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Select All	Ctrl+a	Select All
Deselect	Ctrl+d	Select None
Inverse	Shift+Ctrl+i	Invert
Feather	Ctrl+Alt+d	Feather
 
View
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Zoom In	Ctrl+=	Zoom In
Zoom Out	Ctrl+-	Zoom Out
Fit on Screen	Ctrl+0	Zoom to Fit Window
Actual Pixels	Ctrl+Alt+0	Zoom 1:1
Show/Hide Extras	Ctrl+h	Toggle Show Selection (close enough?)
Show/Hide Guides	Ctrl+'	Toggle Show Guides
Show/Hide Grid	Ctrl+Alt+'	Toggle Show Grid
Show/Hide Rulers	Ctrl+r	Toggle Show Rulers
Snap	Ctrl+;	Snap to Guides
Scroll View Up	Page Up	Scroll Page Up
Scroll View Down	Page Down	Scroll Page Down
Scroll View Left	Ctrl+Page Up	Scroll Page Left
Scroll View Right	Ctrl+Page Down	Scroll Page Right
 
Window/Dialogs
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
?	F5	Tools Dialog
Color Tab	F6	Colors Dialog
Layers Tab	F7	Layers Dialog
Info Tab	F8	Image Information
 
Tools
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Rectangular Marquee Tool	m	Rect Select Tool
Elliptical Marquee Tool	Shift+m	Ellipse Select Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop	 
Move Tool	v	Move Tool
Lasso Tool	l	Free Select Tool
Magic Wand Tool	w	Fuzzy Select Tool
Crop Tool	c	Crop &amp; Resize Tool
Airbrush Tool	j	Airbrush Tool
Paintbrush Tool	b	Paintbrush Tool
Clone Stamp Tool	s	Clone Stamp Tool
Eraser Tool	e	Eraser Tool
Gradient Tool	g	Blend Tool
Paint Bucket Tool	Shift+g	Bucket Fill Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop	 
Blur Tool	r	Convolve Tool
Dodge Tool	o	DodgeBurn Tool
Type Tool	t	Text Tool
Pen Tool	p	Bezier Select Tool
Eye Dropper Tool	i	Color Picker Tool
Zoom Tool	z	Magnify Tool
Previous Brush	,	Previous Brush
Next Brush	.	Next Brush
First Brush	Shift+&lt;	First Brush
Last Brush	Shift+&gt;	Last Brush
Decrease Brush Size	[	Decrease Brush Size
Increase Brush Size	]	Increase Brush Size
Decrease Brush Hardness	{	Decrease Brush Hardness
Increase Brush Hardness	}	Increase Brush Hardness
 
Help
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Help	F1	Help
Context Help	Shift+F1	Context Help
 
Misc.
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Last Filter	Ctrl+f	Repeat Last Filter
?	Shift+Ctrl+f	Reshow Last Filter
Preferences	Ctrl+k	Preferences
Liquify	Shift+Ctrl+x	IWarp (close enough?)
Toggle Quick Mask	q	Toggle Quick Mask


Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape

Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. 
* Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by   and brushes for other areas. 
* Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. 
Remove fringe/halo

saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact.


Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. 
* RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) 
* YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video]


Histograms

White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. 
If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right.

RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter.  Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30%

RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) .  The alpha channel is used for &quot;alpha compositing&quot;, which can mostly be associated as &quot;opacity&quot;.  AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel.

The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph.  The highlights are represented by the right third.  And the midtones are, of course, in the middle.  The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). 
By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. 
By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .


RGB Curves

* Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens 
* Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens

Color Curves

* Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but 
* Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow.
&lt;pre&gt;
 Red &lt;-&gt; Cyan
 Green &lt;-&gt;Magenta
 Blue &lt;-&gt;Yellow 
&lt;/pre&gt;

YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e.  separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white.  A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram.   A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited.  By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .

The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much
Can be used to create a negative image but also 
With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow.
With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan.
e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green.

YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other.  
using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments

sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping.


Free royalty pictures, [www.freeimages.com ], [http://imageshack.us/ ], [http://photobucket.com/ ], [http://rawpixels.net/], [], [], [], 


====Lunapaint====

Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function

 Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail 

&lt;pre&gt;
b BRUSH
e ERASER

alt eyedropper 
v layer tool 

z ZOOM / MAGNIFY &lt; &gt; n 
spc panning 
m  marque 
q lasso 
w same color selection / region 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
, LM RM
v 
V
f  filter 
F 
.  size 

p 
,  pick color 
[] last / next color 
&lt;/pre&gt;


There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc.

Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software.

 author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added.

* add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del]
* whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble
* pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes.
* Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint.
* to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64.
* implement graphic tablet features support


**GENERAL DRAWING**

Miss it very much:
UNDO
ERASER
COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked.
BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from &quot;New project screen&quot;

Miss it somewhat:
ICON for UNDO
ICON for ERASER
ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often )
BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush

**ANIMATING**

Miss it very much:
NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project
ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush

Miss it somewhat:
ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame

In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day.


LAYERS
-Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames
-Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?).

EXPORTING IMAGES
-Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --&gt; My robot was blue now it's &quot;gold&quot; ) I think this only happens if you have layers.
-Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them)
-Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10

LOAD/SAVE (Preferences)
-Make a setting for the default &quot;Work&quot; folder.

* Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers 
* mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying)

&lt;pre&gt;
Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts 
    NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key

    [Technique]

    F1  - Paint
    F2  - Single Colour
    F3  - Replace
    F4  - Smear
    F5  - Shade
    F6  - Cycle
    F7  - Smooth
     M  - Colour Cycle

    [Brush]

     B  - Restore
     O  - Outline
     h  - Halve brush size
     H  - Double brush size
     x  - Flip brush on X axis
     X  - Double brush size on X axis only
     y  - Flip on Y 
     Y  - Double on Y
     z  - Rotate brush 90 degrees
     Z  - Stretch

    [Stencil]

     `  - Stencil On

    [Miscellaneous]

    F9  - Info Bar
    F10 - Selection Bar
    @o  - Co-Ordinates
    @a  - Anti-alias
    @r  - Colourise
    @t  - Translucent
    TAB - Colour Cycle

    [Picture]

     L  - Load
     S  - Save
     j  - Page to Spare(Flip)
     J  - Page to Spare(Copy)
     V  - View Page
     Q  - Quit

    [General Keys]

     m  - Magnify
     &lt;  - Zoom In
     &gt;  - Zoom Out
     [  - Palette Colour Up
     ]  - Palette Colour Down
     (  - Palette Colour Left
     )  - Palette Colour Right
     ,  - Eye Dropper
     .  - Pixel / Brush Toggle
     /  - Symmetry
     |  - Co-Ordinates
    INS - Perspective Control
    +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control)
     w  - Unfilled Polygon
     W  - Filled Polygon
     e  - Unfilled Ellipse
     E  - Filled Ellipse
     r  - Unfilled Rectangle
     R  - Filled Rectangle
     t  - Type/text tool
     a  - Select Font
    u/U - Undo
     d  - Brush
     D  - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon
    f/F - Fill Options
    g/G - Grid
    h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control)
     K  - Clear
     c  - Unfilled Circle
     C  - Filled Circle
     v  - Line
     b  - Scissor Select and Toggle
     B  - Brush
    {,} - Toggle between two background colours
&lt;/pre&gt;

====Lodepaint====

Pixel based painting artwork app

====Grafx2====

Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], 


====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG====

Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps


*Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping 
*Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide 
*Colour - fill stroke 
*Stroke - size 
*Brushes - 
*Layers - 
*Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows 
*Text    - 
*Transform - 


 AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) 

[[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]]

for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent

;Menu options
* Load - fig format but import(s) SVG
* Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png
* PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys 
* Deselect all points

There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted.

;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings

;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) 
* Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes,  polygon 
* Lines - polylines
* Text &quot;T&quot; button 
* Photos - bitmaps
* Compound - Glue, Break, Scale 
* POINTs - Move, Add, Remove 
* Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste 
use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s)
* Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square

;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives 
* Color
* Line Width
* Line Style
* arrowheads

;Modes 
Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc.

;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored 
* compound tools to add .fig(s) together

;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 
&lt;pre&gt;
Landscape
Center
Inches
Letter 
100.00
Single
-2
1200 2
4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01
&lt;/pre&gt;

# change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). 
# The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13.
# The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default).
# The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20.
# The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees).
# twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch.
# thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before.

* The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox.
* The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence.

; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation


[[#top|...to the top]]

===Audio===


# AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem.

# When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always).

# For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording.


====Music Mods====

Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI.

Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds.

Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock.

In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments.

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr])

If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon

*Sample
*Note - Effect 
*Track (column) - Pattern - Order

It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) 
The Note can be changed with an Effect.  A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song.

Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above).  Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head.

*Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. 
*Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of &quot;swing&quot; feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. 
*Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds.
*Moody - minor key

First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too.

This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song.

The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats.

Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section.

The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords.

Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave.

To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them.

For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth.


The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern &quot;00&quot;, then pattern &quot;02&quot;, then &quot;03&quot;, then &quot;01&quot;, etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song.

The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song.

The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D.

Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot; are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 &quot;Kick&quot;.

The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6.

The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the &quot;F&quot; effect, which is a tempo command. The &quot;04&quot; means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster).

Base pattern

When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In &quot;Wild Bunnies&quot; the base pattern is pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot;.

In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow.


Drums

Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The &quot;F&quot; command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of &quot;swing&quot; feel.

In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation.

In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The &quot;8&quot; command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix.


Bass line

There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more &quot;live&quot;.

The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key.


Chords

The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm.


Lead

Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention.

A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The &quot;461&quot; effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes.

Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 &quot;Square&quot;), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form.

Song structure

Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations.

A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus.

Other single sectional song structures are

&lt;pre&gt;
Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody 
AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s 
AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s 
Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form
ABAB Song Form
ABAC Song Form
ABCD Song Form
AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 
8-Bar Song Form
16-Bar Song Form
Hybrid / Compound Song Forms
&lt;/pre&gt;

The most common building blocks are:

#INTRODUCTION(INTRO)
#VERSE
#REFRAIN
#PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB
#CHORUS
#BRIDGE
#MIDDLE EIGHT
#SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK
#COLLISION
#CODA / OUTRO
#AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO)

The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember.

The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus.


 Playing

RCTRL:                           Play song from row 0.

LSHIFT + RCTRL:                  Play song from current row.

RALT:                            Play pattern from row 0.

LSHIFT + RALT:                   Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on '&gt;':               Play song from row 0.

Right mouse on '&gt;':              Play song from current row.

Left mouse on '|&gt;':              Play pattern from row 0.

Right mouse on '|&gt;':             Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on 'Edit/Record':     Edit mode on/off.

Right mouse on 'Edit/Record':    Record mode on/off.


 Editing 


LSHIFT + ESCAPE:                 Switch large patterns view on/off

TAB:                    Go to next track

LSHIFT + TAB:                    Go to prev. track

LCTRL + TAB:                    Go to next note in track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB:           Go to prev. note in track

SPACE:                           Toggle Edit mode On &amp; Off

(Also stop if the song is being played)

SHIFT SPACE:                     Toggle Record mode On &amp; Off

(Wait for a key note to be pressed

or a midi in message to be received)

DOWN ARROW:                      1 Line down

UP ARROW:                        1 Line up

LEFT ARROW:                      1 Row left

RIGHT ARROW:                     1 Row right

PREV. PAGE:                      16 Arrows Up

NEXT PAGE:                       16 Arrows Down

HOME / END:                      Top left / Bottom right of pattern

LCTRL + HOME / END:              First / last track

F5, F6, F7, F8, F9:              Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns

+ - (Numeric keypad):           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:    Next / Previous position

LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous instrument

LSHIFT + M:                      Toggle mute state of the current channel

LCTRL + LSHIFT + M:             Solo the current track / Unmute all

LSHIFT + F1 to F11:              Select a tab/panel

LCTRL + 1 to 4:                 Select a copy buffer


 Tracking 

1st and 2nd keys rows:           Upper octave row

3rd and 4th keys rows:           Lower octave row

RSHIFT:                          Insert a note off

/ and * (Numeric keypad)

or F1 F2:                        -1 or +1 octave

INSERT / BACKSPACE:              Insert or Delete a line in current track

or current selected block.

LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE:     Insert or Delete a line in current pattern

DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE):          Empty a column or a selected block.


 Blocks

(Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel).


LCTRL + A:          Select entire current track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern

LALT + A:          Select entire column note in a track

LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track

LCTRL + X:          Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer

LCTRL + C:          Copy the selected block into the block-buffer

LCTRL + V:          Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern

LCTRL + I:          Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection

LSHIFT + ARROWS

PREV. PAGE

NEXT PAGE: Select a block

LCTRL + R:          Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them)

LCTRL + U:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher

LCTRL + D:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower  (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + H:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher

LCTRL + L:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + W:          Save the current selection into a file


 Misc 


LALT + ENTER:     Switch between full screen / windowed mode

LALT + F4:        Exit program (Windows only)

LCTRL + S:         Save current module

LSHIFT + S:         Switch top right panel to synths list

LSHIFT + I:         Switch top right panel to instruments list


&lt;pre&gt;
C-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Volume 
B-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Jump to 
A#x  xh xx xx hhhh hhhh   Slide 
F-x    xh xx xx hhhh            Tempo 
D-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Pattern Break 
G#x  xh xx xx hhhh
&lt;/pre&gt;

h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13

d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10  11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume.

The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex.

Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly.
This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it...

The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary.

Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from.

Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. 
&lt;pre&gt;
   C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing
   ---      000
   C-3    330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30.
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
&lt;/pre&gt;
Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note.

This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up.
There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them.

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  02

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  05

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  08

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0A

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0D

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10

(You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..)  Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns.


The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa.

Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest.
Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use.

Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format.   vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) 

&lt;pre&gt;
 C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 &lt;-  Turn Arpeggio effect on
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B38 &lt;- Change datas
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B00 &lt;- Turn it off
&lt;/pre&gt;

Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21.

Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from.

Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order.
Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off.

Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well.

Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31.

Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart.

Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16.

Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop.

Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato.

Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged.

Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex).

Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work.

Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played!

Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for.

Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop &quot;movement&quot; is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000).

effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units

There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine.

It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel).

so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings.

for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top.

In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself.

For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud.

The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation.


&lt;pre&gt;
Support for the following modules formats:
669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), 
AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), 
AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), 
APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), 
FAR (Farandole Composer), 
GDM (General DigiMusic), 
IT (Impulse Tracker), 
IMF (Imago Orpheus), 
MOD (15 and 31 instruments), 
MED (OctaMED), 
MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), 
OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), 
S3M (Scream Tracker 3), 
STM (Scream Tracker), 
STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), 
ULT (UltraTracker), 
UNI (MikMod), 
XM (FastTracker 2),
Mid (midi format via timidity)
&lt;/pre&gt;


Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2],


====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface====

A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it).

'''Timidity'''

Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ 
 assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity
added to SYSːs/User-Startup

'''WildMidi playback'''


'''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)'''


*Sync Menu    - CAMD Receive, Send checked 
*Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup 


MCB Master Control Bus 
*Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&amp;P). 
*B&amp;P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&amp;Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes 
*CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE 


*MIDI Machine Control
*Midi Bar Display 
*Select CAMD MIDI in / out
*Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely 
 Channel   - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, 
 Subgroup  - Volume, Mute, Solo 
 Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward 
 Misc      - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up 


&lt;pre&gt;
q        - quit 

First 3 already opened when AE started 
F1       - timeline window
F2       - mixer 
F3       - control 
F4       - subgroups 
F5       - aux returns 
F6       - sample list 

i        - Load sample to use 

space    - start/stop play 
b        - reset time 0:00


s        - split mode 
r        - open recording window 
a        - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume 


[ / ]    - zoom in / out 
:        - previous track
*        - next track 

x c v f  - cut copy paste cross-fade 
g        - snap grid 


&lt;/pre&gt;


 '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]'''

 BarsnPipes debug ... in shell 

Menu (right mouse)  
*Song        - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 
*Track       - 
*Edit        -
*Tool        - 
*Timing      - SMTPE Synchronizing 
*Windows     - 
*Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option 

Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) 
*Workflow -&gt; Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, 
*Control  -&gt; Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, 

Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -&gt; Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them 

If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time 

Right mouse menu -&gt; Preferences -&gt; Environment... -&gt; ScreenMode  - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC 


'''Tracks'''

#Double-click on B&amp;P's icon. B&amp;P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&amp;P.
#Choose a track. The B&amp;P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup.
#Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record.
#Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration.
#Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel.
#Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features.


Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&amp;t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg  PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], 

Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help 


'''Tracks window'''

* blue &quot;1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group&quot; and transport tape deck VCR-type controls
* Flags 
* [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] 

Each Track has a 

*Left LHS  - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline 
*Middle    - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap 
*Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT 

Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times 


'''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)'''

After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc
 right mouse -&gt; Toolbox menu option -&gt; Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool 

Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms
[https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars &amp; Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group 


'''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' 

Accessories -&gt; Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support 


'''Song Construction'''
&lt;pre&gt;
F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Duplicator 
F5  Eraser 
F6  Toolpad 
F7  Bounding box 
F8  Lock to A-B-A 

A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, 

&lt;/pre&gt;


Bars&amp;Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations 

'''Tempo Map'''

F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Eraser 
F5  Curve 
F6  Toolpad 


Compositions

Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature 

'''Master Parameters'''

Key, Scale/Mode

'''Track Parameters'''

Dynamics 


'''Time-line Scoring'''


'''Media Madness'''


'''Mix Maestro'''


*ACCESSORIES         Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules 
*CLIPBOARD           Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks.
*INFORMATION         A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine.
*MASTER PARAMETERS   Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes.
*MEDIA MADNESS       A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc 
*METRONOME           Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required.
*MIX MAESTRO         Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software 
*RECORD ACTIVATION   Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc
*SET FLAGS           Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time 
*SONG CONSTRUCTION   Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections
*TEMPO MAP           Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves 
*TEMPO PALETTE       Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings.
*TIMELINE SCORING    Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance.
*TOOLBOX             Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available 
*TRACKS              Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools.
*TRANSPORT           Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes.


Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed.
Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory.

In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID &quot;NAME&quot; (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as &quot;NAME&quot;. On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as &quot;EMAN&quot;.  The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA).

If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard 

http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml


MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically &quot;note on&quot;, &quot;note off&quot;, &quot;program change&quot;, &quot;controller change&quot;, or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music.

* Channel     - 1 to 16 -
* Messages    - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs,  etc 
* Sequencing  - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, 
* Recording   - 
* GUI         - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes 

MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off 

MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc 

MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE 

Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. 

Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. 

Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations.

Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -&gt; PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors)

Preferences -&gt; Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF 

Prefs -&gt; Environment -&gt; screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) 

Customization -&gt; pics in gui drawer (folder) - 


Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi 

SMF is a “Standard Midi File”  ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], 

* SMF0        All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel.
* SMF1        The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels.
* SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels.


Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers?
On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality

BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. 

&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI can control 16 channels 
There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments 
handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present 
It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&amp;P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and 
MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system 
Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format 
Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc.
&lt;/pre&gt;


Composers
&lt;pre&gt;
[https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] 

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc
1992 Bars&amp;Pipes Pro published 
November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&amp;Pipes Pro 2.5c beta
end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state 
end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 
2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


 Protrekkr

How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ?

First of all, midi in &amp; out capabilities of this program are rather limited.

# Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time).
# Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected).
# Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk.
# Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported.

Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row:

&lt;pre&gt;
    C-3 02 .. .. 0000....


    --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... &lt;&lt; This will set the value 
    --- .. .. .. 0000....    of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex)
    --- .. .. .. 0000....
&lt;/pre&gt;

So &quot;--- .. .. 90 2040....&quot; will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64).

You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages.

 N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal!

Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard.

Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible.

Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels.

Further devices can respond to, and transmit, &quot;breath controller&quot; data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it.

A controller keyboard may be capable of sending &quot;expression pedal&quot; data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message.

Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The &quot;voice&quot; or &quot;instrument&quot; is selected using a &quot;Program Change&quot; message on its own.

Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in &quot;banks&quot;, and the choice of instrument is made by responding to &quot;Bank Select MSB&quot; (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use &quot;Bank Select LSB&quot; (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List.


 MIDI Implementation Chart

But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart.

If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are &quot;compatible&quot;. In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart.

The chart is divided into four columns headed &quot;Function&quot;, &quot;Transmitted&quot; (or &quot;Tx&quot;), &quot;Received&quot; (or &quot;Rx&quot;), or more correctly &quot;Recognised&quot;, and finally, &quot;Remarks&quot;.

&lt;pre&gt;
The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described.
The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device.
The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to.
The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns.
&lt;/pre&gt;

There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra &quot;Notes&quot;. Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI &quot;modes&quot; and what the &quot;X&quot; and the &quot;O&quot; mean.
&lt;pre&gt;
Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; 
Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; 
Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; 
Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono.
&lt;/pre&gt;
O means &quot;yes&quot; (implemented), X means &quot;no&quot; (not implemented).

Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks &quot;**************&quot;, these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise).

Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail.

Basic Channel
But the very first set of boxes will tell us the &quot;Basic Channel(s)&quot; that the device sends or receives on. 
&quot;Default&quot; is what happens when the device is first turned on, &quot;changed&quot; is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. 
For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels.

On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be &quot;split&quot; with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel.
So we might see the default as &quot;1&quot; but the changed as &quot;1-16&quot;.

Modes.
We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes.

But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device.

If we send an &quot;Omni On&quot; message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, &quot;Omni Off&quot;.

So &quot;Omni Off&quot; (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel.

&quot;Poly&quot; (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords.

&quot;Mono&quot; (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a &quot;smoother&quot; transition.

So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4).

We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. 
Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono).

This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none.

Finally, in the &quot;Altered&quot; field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode.

Note Number
&lt;pre&gt;
The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127.
The second line, &quot;True Voice&quot; has the following in the MIDI specification: 
&quot;Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument.&quot;
My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Velocity
This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually &quot;O&quot; plus a range or &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.

After touch
This may have one or two lines two it.
If a one liner the either &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot;, yes or no.
If a two liner then it may include &quot;Keys&quot; or &quot;Poly&quot; and &quot;Channel&quot;.
This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither.

Pitch Bend
Again &quot;O&quot; for implemented, &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.
(Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.)
It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel.

Control Change
This is likely to be the largest section of the chart.
It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; respectively.
You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation.

Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers]

Program Change
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available.
True # (number): &quot;The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected.&quot;

System Exclusive
Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation.

System Common - These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation).
Song Position Pointer
Song Select
Tune Request
&lt;/pre&gt;
The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages.

System Real Time
These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
Timing Clock - often just written as &quot;Clock&quot;
Start
Stop
Continue
&lt;/pre&gt;
These three are usually just referred to as &quot;Commands&quot; and listed.
Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to.
&lt;pre&gt;
Aux. Messages
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; for implemented or not.
Aux. = Auxiliary.
Active Sense = Active Sensing.
&lt;/pre&gt;
Often with an explanation of the action of the device.

Notes
The &quot;Notes&quot; section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation.

Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification.
And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA.


 OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS

SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES
Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages

The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from &quot;MIDI by the Numbers&quot; by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete.

WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information.

MIDI 1.0 Specification

Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1000nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note Off event. 
This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1001nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note On event. 
This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1010nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). 
This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Control Change. 
This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as &quot;Channel Mode Messages&quot; (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1100nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ppppppp || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1101nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1110nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits.
|}

Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above)

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Mode Messages. 
This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are:
*All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off
*Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice.
*Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. 
c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off
c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On
* All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. 
c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.)
c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off 
c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On 
c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) 
c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off)
|}

System Common Messages

System Messages (0xF0)

The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category.

The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories.

System Common

If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes.

System Common Messages
Type Status Byte   Number of Data Bytes      Usage 
&lt;pre&gt;
Time Code Quarter Frame	0xF1	1	Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*.
Song Position	0xF2	2	Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song.
Song Select	0xF3	1	Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song.
Undefined	0xF4	0	
Undefined	0xF5	0	
Tune Request	0xF6	0	Requests that the receiver retunes itself**.
&lt;/pre&gt;
*MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification
**While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command.


System Exclusive

If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates.

System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format:

0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7
The message is bookended with distinct bytes.

It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0.
The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier.
Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning.
If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value.
&lt;pre&gt;
ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities.
ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message.
ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message.
&lt;/pre&gt;
After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes.
The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7.
The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios.

An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer.
System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer.
Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages.
 Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii]  0ddddddd  --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || &lt;!--Description--&gt;System Exclusive. 
This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0nnndddd || &lt;!--Description--&gt;MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame.
nnn = Message Type
dddd = Values
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Position Pointer. 
This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0sssssss || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Select. 
The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. 
|}


System Real-Time Messages

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Stop. Stop the current sequence.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. 
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up.
|}


Advanced Messages

Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0)

Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages.

Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages.

The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp
n is the status (0xA)
c is the channel nybble
kk is the key number (0 to 127)
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all.

Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xD)
c is the channel number
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pitch Bend (0xE0)

Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends.

Pitch Bend Wheel

The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM
n is the status (0xE)
c is the channel number
LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value
MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value
&lt;/pre&gt;
You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000).

Control Change (0xB0)

In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below.


Continuous Controllers

These controls send the following message format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv
n is the status (0xB)
c is the MIDI channel
cc is the controller number (0-127)
vv is the controller value (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments.

The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers.

On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard.


Program Change (0xC0)

Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xc)
c is the channel
pp is the patch number (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change.

Audio &amp; Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ?
Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me:

 Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key)
 and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value
 that will make sound sync both audio/midi.

The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ?
You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the &quot;wav&quot; option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals.


Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment


====DAW Audio Evolution 4====

Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ.

Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware.

Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions

The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88.

sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only)


Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. 
* Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom)


stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right

hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option


Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format 

 sox recital.wav recital.aiff

 sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm
 sox input.wav        output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k

performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16.

 rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00

records half an hour of stereo audio 

 play existing-file.wav


24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work 

*No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI.
*No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps.
*Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output.
*No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables.
*No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. 


select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.)
The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo.

Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz.


Channels

Monitor

Gain

Inout

Output

Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port


* Options -&gt; Soundcard In/Out
* Options -&gt; SampleRate
* Options -&gt; Preferences

F6 for Sample File List

Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track &quot;not in time&quot; ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway).

If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it).

AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording.


These are the usual features found in DAWs...

* Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer 
* virtual VST instruments and plug-ins 
* automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor


* different track views 
* mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) 
* traditional two windows (track and mixer)


Mixing - mixdown

Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect.

Take look at page17 of the manual.

When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu.

Menus-&gt;Windows-&gt; Aux Returns Window

or press F5

You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are &quot;prefade&quot; so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them.


Tracking


Effects - fade in

To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out.

To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal.

There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal,

You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so

Sample -&gt; Amplify -&gt; Delay

Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard.

Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out.

Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage.

Signal Processing -


Overdub

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Office===

====Spreadsheet Leu====

Support for some xlsx, and ods functions 


====Spreadsheet Ignition====

; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done

File formats supported 
* ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). 
* igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas.

There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment.

* Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells.
* copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -&gt; Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. 
* Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c)  to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively 
* Edit -&gt; Insert -&gt; Row  seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be...

Change Sheet name by  Object -&gt; Sheet -&gt; Properties

Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells.

Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. 
Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. 
View -&gt; Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet).

Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered.

* #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used.

;Graphs

use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents

* value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ...


;Dates 
* Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)'''
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put date in days


;Time 
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put time in seconds taken


;Database (to be done by someone else)

type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), 
* select a bunch of cells and Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) 
* Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?)
* Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ?

Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition().

Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax().

Table sorting -


;Scripts (Arexx)

;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions 
*SUM(), 
*AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(),
*IF(), AND, OR, NOT 
*LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), 
*LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(),
* DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), 
*TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), 
*EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), 
*NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(),
*DBSUM() becomes DSUM(),


;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files 
There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel)

*HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), 
*TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &amp;, PROPER(), REPT(), 
*[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), 
*PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, 
*MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), 
*DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(),


;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] 
&lt;pre&gt;
Ctrl Z - Undo

Ctrl D - Fill Down
Ctrl R - Fill right

Ctrl F - Find
Ctrl H - Replace

Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells
CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number 
Ctrl ; - Todays Date 

F2 - Edit cell
F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references

&lt;/pre&gt;


====Document Scanning - Scandal====

Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead.

Check in Trident Prefs -&gt; Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None)
If not found then reboot the computer and recheck.

Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device).

The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only
 or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx

* gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx.
* epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used

'''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes)

Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections.

Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected.

Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not.

In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. 
Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet.

In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage.


The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select &quot;NONE&quot; to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now.

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Emulators===

==== Amiberry ====


==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ====

With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app 

There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included 

Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script:
&lt;pre&gt;
cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator
changetaskpri -1
run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config &gt;nil:
cd sys:prefs
endcli
&lt;/pre&gt;
This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time.


===Miscellaneous===

====Screensaver Blanker====

Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker.

Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or  run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange &gt;NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h).

Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options 
&lt;pre&gt;
seconds=number 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup

e.g. for 5 minutes

 run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;NIL:


*[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor.


*[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver.

Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker.

&lt;pre&gt;
cx_priority=
cx_popkey=    ie CX_POPKEY=&quot;Shift F1&quot; 
cx_popup=Yes or No

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
 Qualifier String    Input Event Class
   ----------------    -----------------
    &quot;lshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT
    &quot;rshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT
    &quot;capslock&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK
    &quot;control&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL
    &quot;lalt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_LALT
    &quot;ralt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_RALT
    &quot;lcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND
    &quot;rcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND
    &quot;numericpad&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD
    &quot;repeat&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT
    &quot;midbutton&quot;        IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON
    &quot;rbutton&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON
    &quot;leftbutton&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON
    &quot;relativemouse&quot;    IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
    Synonym     Synonym
    String     Identifier
    -------    ----------
    &quot;shift&quot;    IXSYM_SHIFT    /* look for either shift key */
    &quot;caps&quot;     IXSYM_CAPS     /* look for either shift key or capslock */
    &quot;alt&quot;      IXSYM_ALT      /* look for either alt key */

Highmap is one of the following strings:
    &quot;space&quot;, &quot;backspace&quot;, &quot;tab&quot;, &quot;enter&quot;, &quot;return&quot;, &quot;esc&quot;, &quot;del&quot;,
    &quot;up&quot;, &quot;down&quot;, &quot;right&quot;, &quot;left&quot;, &quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f4&quot;, &quot;f5&quot;,
    &quot;f6&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f8&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;, &quot;help&quot;.


&lt;/pre&gt;


[[#top|...to the top]]

==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ====

WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. 

Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris &quot;Xenon&quot; Hanson&quot; from Questar 

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign &quot;WCSProjects:&quot; &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects&quot; 
Assign &quot;WCSFrames:&quot;   &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames&quot; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -&gt; Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj
OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening 
Render by pull down menu Modules -&gt; Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], 

Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj
Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par
Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. 
Then drop-down menu and select Save As (&quot;NewName&quot;.proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name)


After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. 
It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu 

*Database   - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), 
*Data Ops   - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats  
*Map View   - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor 
*Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc 
*Render     - rendering terrain 

These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock 
*Motion Editor
*Color Editor
*Ecosys Editor 


Simple minimal workflow 
*Load database (1st icon - 1st)
*Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon)
*Render scene (5th icon) 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], 

&lt;pre&gt;
.proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files 

.binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff  conversion 
.Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats 
USGS 7.5MinDEM, 

.par 


&lt;/pre&gt;


Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the &quot;Mapview&quot; (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities:

* Loading of a demonstration project.
* The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the &quot;Database-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Color-Editor&quot;.
* The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing.


The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the &quot;Mapview&quot; window is active.

The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that &quot;Color-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; (creation of roads, railways, etc.) 


The Map View (MapView) window

*Database - Objects and Topos
*View     - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move 
*Draw     - Maps and distance 
*Object   - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate 
*Motion   - Camera, Focus, path, elevation 
*Windows  - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, 


You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height.
Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above
 

ZOOM button

Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map.
Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view.

PAN button

Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything.
There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details.

Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further...


Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS
If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape.
With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value.


Ecosys Ecosystem Editor

Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated).
Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters.
&lt;pre&gt;
Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5
Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000
Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water .
Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water.
Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor.
Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All'

EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model 


Color Editor

Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first.
Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations!
So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50
&lt;pre&gt;
'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30
'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60
'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80
' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30
&lt;pre&gt;
Now we can work on pre-existing colors
&lt;pre&gt;
'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130
'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170
'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190
'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200
'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170
&lt;/pre&gt;

Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0

So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep.
Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously.


Motion Editor

Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics:
&lt;pre&gt;
-Camera Altitude: 7.0
-Camera Latitude: 36.075
-Camera Longitude: 112.133
-Focus Attitude: -2.0
-Focus Latitude: 36.275
-Focus Longitude: 112.386
-Camera : 512 → rendering window
-Camera Y: 384 → rendering window
-View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees
-Sun Longitude: 172
-Sun Latitude: -0.9
-Haze Start: 3.8
-Haze Range: 78, 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear.
Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude...
Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one.


From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain.
While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision.
Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel.


The sun

Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box.

Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again.


Animation

The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions (&quot;slide&quot;, &quot;drag&quot;...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. 


A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...).

At the bottom of the &quot;Motion-Editor&quot;, a &quot;cam-view&quot; function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images (&quot;path&quot;), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer (&quot;zbuffer&quot;), the blur, the background image, etc.


Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the &quot;Render&quot; button.

For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program.


Strengths:

* Multi-window.
* Quality of rendering.
* Accuracy.
* Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen.
* Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats 
* The &quot;zbuffer&quot; function.

Weaknesses:

* No OpenGL management 
* Calculation time.
* No network computing tool.


====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan====

Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs

If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero)

Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file

If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. (&quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; is on the right).

You should use the &quot;Data/Audio tracks&quot; page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd.

Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button

Examples

Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page &quot;ISO Builder&quot; and &quot;ADD&quot; everything you need to burn.

On the &quot;Write&quot; page i have &quot;Masterize Disc (DAO)&quot;, &quot;Close Disc&quot; and &quot;Eject after Write&quot; set.

One must not &quot;Blank disc before write&quot; if one uses a CDR


AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks

Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page and &quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; and add the .iso


====odf====

Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document.

* content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content.
* styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves.
* meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action.
* settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information.


To read document follow these steps:

* Extracting .ods file.
* Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data).
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file).
* With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables.
* Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data.
* At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface.


To write document follow these steps:

* Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template).
* Getting content.xml file.
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file.
* Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements.
* Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file.
* Zipping that file as new .ods file.

XLS file format

The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records.

These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. 
All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records.

* Workbook stream 
**Globals substream
***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) 
**Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format)
***Blank cell record
***RK cell record 32-bit number. 
***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code)
***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number)
***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST)
***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself)
***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on)
***MulRK record 
***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook.

ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), 
COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), 
CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), 
DB(), DDB(), DISC(), 
DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), 
DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), 
INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), 
ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), 
PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), 
RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), 
VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(),


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>6484lwb7a18mp7xgqnapdctegmi0yr3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641995</id>
      <parentid>4641994</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T11:48:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641995</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="234505" sha1="4unsvdid1iowb20ufg0w4278ucvgbaw" xml:space="preserve">
==Introduction==


[[#Graphical Image Editing Art]]
[[#Office Application]]
[[#Audio]]

[[#Misc Application]]
[[#Games &amp; Emulation]]

[[#Application Guides]]

[[#top|...to the top]]


[[#top|...to the top]]

Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well 

If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here]

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Internet Applications 
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Web Online Browser [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Odyssey 2.0], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1175&amp;highlight=odyssey&amp;rowstart=100 Odyssey 3.0], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/comm/www Amelinium], [https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ AWeb 3.6 src], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&amp;topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Netsurf], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;YouTube, Dailymotion website downloading videos audio [https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp yt-dlp], [],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [ smtube], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ytsearch], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SimpleMail, YAM, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt; SimpleMail, YAM
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IRC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Wookiechat, AmIRC 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Wookiechat 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood lang based Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter X (TM), Bitlbee IRC Gateway and others 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/kaffeine1/telegram-amiga telegram-amiga], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat jabberwocky], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Torrents 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/p2p ArTorr], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CTorrent, Transmission 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;FTP 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Plugin included with Dopus Magellan, MarranoFTP, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;WYSIWYG Web Site Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Mplayer (Icecast Client only), 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiPhone with Speak Freely, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Weather Forecast 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench AWeather], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], [https://github.com/emartisoft/AmiWeatherForecasts AmiWeatherForecasts src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc ntpsync],  
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ntpsync 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Newsgroups
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Graphical Image Editing Art==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Image Editing
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Image viewing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum,
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm)  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZunePaint], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit Photocrop]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Thumbnail Generator [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Icon Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Pixel Art Animation 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Lunapaint
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D SVG based MovieSetter type 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MovieSetter*, Fantavision*
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Morphing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ GLMorph]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Cad (qcad-&gt;LibreCAD, etc.) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Xcad, MaxonCAD
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;POV-Ray
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Format Converter [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen grabbing display 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record screen recorder], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Office Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Office
!width:10%;|AROS (x86)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Word-processing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1995&amp;rowstart=20&amp;pid=12668#post_12668 Slovo], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&amp;forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Spreadsheets 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/spreadsheet], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Presentations
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS4--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Databases 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/database BeeBase], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;BeeBase, SQLite, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;APDF 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AmiPDF 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;APDF, vPDF, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Printing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Postscript 3 laser printers and Ghostscript internal, [ GutenPrint], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;(some native drivers), 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;early TurboPrint included, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Note Taking markdown support like Obsidian like, joplin, OneNote, EverNotes, xournalpp, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Study and analyse, collect, organize, annotate, cite, and share
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AOrganiser, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Accounting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Project Management Research 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SuperGantt, SuperPlan, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Search 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Finder], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ],  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], 
|Kuma K-Roget*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DTP Desktop Publishing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Scanning 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SCANdal], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FxScan*, ScanQuix* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SCANdal (Sane)
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SCANdal
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OCR
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert gOCR] 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text Editing
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/TurboText20 TurboText20 ttx], Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Protext*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Drawing Vector
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit amifig], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;video conferencing (jitsi) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;source code hosting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Gitlab, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (server)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] 
|MorphVNC, vncserver
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (client) login and connect to another machine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc rdesktop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;notifications 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Ranchero 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Ringhio 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MagicBeacon 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Biometric facial logins and fingerprint security features 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Audio==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Audio
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib], [], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [RNOTunes ], [ mp3Player], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer
|AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Audio 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Audio Evolution 4] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Samplitude Opus Key], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] 
|[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Tracker Music
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already],  [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker
|MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and notes manuscript 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes for AROS], [ Audio Evolution], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David &quot;Talin&quot; Joiner &amp; Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction 2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Bars'n'Pipes, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sound Sampling 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude-MS Opus Key], Audiomaster IV*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD burn
|[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FryingPan, AmiDVD, 
|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD audio rip
|Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;cfid=0&amp;did=167 Quick CDrip],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Lame,  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Lame, 
|Lame,  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit mp3info], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Audio Convert
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc Sox], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DJ mixing jamming 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled 
*2005 ZP100 with ZP80 
*2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp)  ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, 
*2009 ZonePlayer S5, 
*2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support),   
*2011 Play:3
*2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1,  
*2016 Arc,   Play:1,   
*Beam (Gen 2),   Playbar,  Ray,   Era 100,   Era 300,   Roam,   Move 2,   
*Sub (Gen 3),   Sub Mini,  Five,  Amp  S2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;SonosController 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SonosController
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Smart Speakers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Video Creativity and Production==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Video
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing Video 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DvPlayer, MPlayer 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, [https://github.com/lizardbyte/sunshine sunshine], [https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt moonlight], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Mplayer, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Mplayer, Gnash, Tubexx 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, OWB, Tubexx
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing DVD 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AMP2, Frogger 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2,  
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Recording
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Screenrecorder, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Create and Edit Individual Video NLE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FFMpeg/GUI 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Subtitle editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Blogging like Lemmy or kbin
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR face recognition for Vtubers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting Live 2D models with Cubism type editor 
&lt;pre&gt;
Model data (cmo3)
Basic motions (can3)
Background image (png)
Set of files for embedding (runtime folder)
• Model data (moc3)
• Motion data (motion3.json)
• Model settings file (model3.json)
• Physics settings file (physics3.json)
• Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json)
&lt;/pre&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]


==Misc Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Management 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;DOpus2, DOpus 4, [http://sourceforge.net/projects/dopus5allamigas/files/?source=navbar DOpus Magellan DOpus5], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DOpus4, DOpus5, Filer, AmiDisk 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;DOpus4, DOpus5 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Verification / Repair 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;md5 (works in linux compiling shell), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2),  [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Par2, 
|-
|Application Installer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [ InstallerNG], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;InstallerNG, Grunch, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Jack
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Jack 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/util/pack/decrunchmania_os4 Crunchmania CrM2 depacker], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Binary Hexadecimal Editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Zaphod], [],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Repository
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Git]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Git
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Partition Editor formatter Disk Management
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1440&amp;highlight=partition&amp;pid=8821#post_8821 QuickPart], [ HDToolBox]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Repair
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;ArSFSDoctor, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; Quarterback Tools, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Multiple File renaming
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus 4 or 5, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Anti Virus
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;VChecker, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Random Wallpaper Desktop changer [ DOpus5], [ Scalos],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc AFortune], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;C/C++ IDE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Computer Languages Translation [https://tetracorp.github.io/guide/reverse-engineering-amiga.html ], [https://amigasourcecodepreservation.gitlab.io/amiga-assembler-insider-guide/ ], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://bitbucket.org/rhinoid/convert68000toc/src/main/ convert m68k seka asm-one to c], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Gui Creators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/guitool MuiBuilder], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ MuiBuilder],  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Catalog .cd .ct Editors 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;FlexCat
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat
|[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Misc Application 2==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OSK On Screen Keyboard
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Reader 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Converter 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc flite], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.text2speech.com translator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&amp;tool=simple FLite]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Display Blanker screensaver 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MultiCX, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;ModernArt Blanker, 
|-
|}


==Misc Application 3==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fractals mandelbrot, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ZoneXplorer, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Landscape Rendering 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astronomy [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skychart/ skychart freepascal], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astrology [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skylendar/ skylendar], [https://github.com/CruiserOne/Astrolog Astrolog], [https://www.astrolog.org/astrolog/astfile.htm Astrology alt site], [https://saravali.github.io/download.html Maitreya], [https://github.com/alamahant/Asteria Asteria], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PCB design
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Digital Signage
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Hollywood, Hollywood Designer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Languages 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Fun School, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/scientific mathX] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Yacas 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Yacas 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Maths Graph Function Plotting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot],
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Printer [https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer OrcaSlicer]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;BASIC Computer Language 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;sdlBasic
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;HAM amateur radio  [], [], [], [https://cemaxecuter.com/ Dragon OS], [https://github.com/km4ack/73Linux with 73 link update], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAL5KNePRSg video for], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://www.amigarealm.com/amiga/amicomms/comm4.htm Comm4], [https://www.amigarealm.com/archives/comms/aarug/ TNC Terminal Node Controller with packets over serial connections on Yaesu or Woxum handheld], [https://aminet.net/comm/misc AmiCom], [ with 7Plus file encoder/decoder], [ mksstv], [ RTTYam], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Games &amp; Emulation==

Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and 
[http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1]

Rom patching  https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php 

Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list.

[https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search]


{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Emulation]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Amstrad CPC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL &amp; pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Arcade 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Mame, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 7800
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Atari800], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Lynx
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Jaguar
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C64
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frodo, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Vice, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore Amiga
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer UAE], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo NES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem amines]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo SNES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo N64 
*HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], 
*LLE [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Wii U]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation NEC PC Engine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], 
|[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Saturn 
*HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast 
*HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast  flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum 
|[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair QL
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sony PlayStation
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS2]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS3]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Oricutron]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Action like [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action BOH], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [https://github.com/klembot/twinejs twine js], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/adventure dmagnetic], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying frotz infocom], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Cards 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/card ], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [https://zdoom.org/downloads UzDoom opengl 3.3], [https://github.com/ZDoom/gzdoom gzdoom opengl 3+], [https://zdoom.org/downloads LZDoom opengl 2.1], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Duke Nukem 3D], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 avp (openGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Odamex (openGL doom)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ zgloom], [], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ ab3dhd], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, Gloom, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Doom, Quake, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games MMORG like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Platform like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ thextech SMBX], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform Cave Story], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Frogatto], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ OpenJazz], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ pekkakana2], [ Aquaria], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ sonic CD], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Giana Sisters], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [https://github.com/mdodis/OpenSolomonsKey OpenSolomonsKey], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&amp;lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Speed Dreams], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 3rd third person action CRPG  [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [https://github.com/rwengine/openrw gta3], [https://github.com/mrxenginner/reVC gta3 vc revc], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ fheroes2 homm2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ breakhack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ devilutionx diablo 1 hellfire], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ fallout 1], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ stratagus], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ hostile-takeover], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games turn based tactics RPG [], [], [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy UFO AI], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ signus], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=140&amp;pid=12446#post_12446 Wargus warcraft 2 setup], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], 
||&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/action/ tbftss The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/ClassiCube/ Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [ Lua + LOVE], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [https://www.renpy.org/ renpy ren'py], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D],  [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [https://github.com/JacobHess03/ Dragon-Quest like], [https://github.com/bjornbytes/lovr Lua LOVE for 2D LOVR for 3D], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts with register], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library GLFW], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library Raylib 5], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games RPGMaker MV/MZ-compatible projects [https://github.com/Psychronic-Games/RPGReactor RPGReactor js],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games unpack unarc [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}


==Application Guides==

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Web Browser===

OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0.

This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. 

This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). 

Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. 

Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc 


Certificates from [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs], 


DNS tracking blocking with [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/tree/master easylist], [https://gitlab.com/eyeo anti abp], [https://firebog.net/ big blocklist], [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts Steves], [], [], 

This can be enabled with OWB Odyssey with Windows -&gt; Content Blocking and Windows -&gt; Messages and enter 

 https://www.youtube.com/api/stats/ads*
 https://www.youtube.com/pagead/adview*
 https://www.youtube.com#@##player-ads*

into your custom filters 


Element blocker browser extension might be needed for [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/wiki/Youtube-Issues youtube], [ mid roll], [ pre roll], [ ],  


OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: 

So add this :
&lt;pre&gt;
copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE &gt;NIL:
copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: &gt;NIL:
&lt;/pre&gt;
Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated 

Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …)
If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it.


Error messages 

SSL error &quot;cant verify with ca-certificates&quot;, check bios clock time date is correct 

Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros 


[https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&amp;udm=14 Google search without AI overview] 


===E-mail===

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections


====SimpleMail====

SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes.

Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list]


 GMail

Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first.

pop3: 
pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

smtp:
smtp.gmail.com (with authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 465 or 587


 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange

Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013.

If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way:

1. Email/Password
2. Manual
3. IMAP
4.

* Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked
* Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked
* POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL

 Yahoo  Mail

On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts.

Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well.


Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server

* Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 993
* Requires SSL - Yes

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server

* Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 465 or 587
* Requires SSL - Yes
* Requires authentication - Yes

Your login info

* Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com)
* Password - Your account's password
* Requires authentication - Yes


Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3

* Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
* “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
* “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
* “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

* Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.


====YAM Yet Another Mailer====

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections

This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists]

One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server.

Possible issues

Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue.


getting a &quot;Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error

Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library

 GMail 
Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL)
Port: 465 or 587

Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com')
Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com)
Password: your Gmail password

Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead.


 Outlook.com access

&lt;pre &gt;
Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com
Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias)
Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password
Outlook.com SMTP port: 587
Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes 
&lt;/pre &gt;


 Yahoo  Mail

&lt;pre &gt;
“POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
“SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.
“Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
“Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
“Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.
&lt;/pre &gt;

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3


 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 

1. Get the files to your PC.
By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received.

2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM.

3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too.

4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments.

5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format.


===FTP===

Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a &quot;thing of the past&quot;, its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort.

First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure &quot;FTP file transfer&quot; is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command:

ifconfig -a

Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan:

Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on &quot;New&quot;. 
You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine:

1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before.

2) click on Custom Options:


1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu;

2) Ensure &quot;Passive Transfers&quot; is NOT selected;

3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source:


1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and

2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's &quot;MyWorkspace&quot; contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes.

Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well.


===IRC Internet Relay Chat===

Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. 

Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying.

Other things to type in - replace &lt;message&gt; with a line of text and &lt;nick&gt; with a person's name

&lt;pre&gt;
/help

/list

/who
/whois &lt;nick&gt;

/msg &lt;nick&gt; &lt;message&gt;

/query &lt;nick&gt; 
&lt;message&gt;s
/query

/away &lt;message&gt;
/away

/quit &lt;going away message&gt; 
&lt;/pre&gt;


[http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript].


Issue the command /me &lt;text&gt; where &lt;text&gt; is the text that should follow your nickname.
Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout

/nick &lt;newNick&gt;

/nickserv register &lt;password&gt; &lt;email address&gt;

/ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv

/nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;

Alternatives:
/ns identify &lt;password&gt;
/msg nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;


==== IRC WookieChat ====

WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities.


add smilies drawer/directory

 run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000

select a server / server window

* nickname 
* user name 
* real name - optional

Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in.


servers

* New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box 
* New Group
* Delete Entry
* Connect to server
* connect in new tab
* perform on connect

Change details

* Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: 
* Port number - no need to change
* Server password
* Channel - add #channel from below 
* auto join - can click this 
* nick registration password,

Click Connect to server button above


&lt;pre&gt;
Server: irc.freenode.net
Channel: #aros
&lt;/pre&gt;

irc://irc.freenode.net/aros

&lt;pre&gt;
Server: chat.amigaworld.net 
Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC)
Server:irc.superhosts.net
Channel #team*amiga  
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks
Server: im.bitlbee.org 
Port 6667 
Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers],

&lt;pre&gt;
#Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) 
twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net 
liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL)
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Multiple server support
&quot;Perform on connect&quot; scripts and channel auto-joins
Automatic Nickserv login
Tabs for channels and private conversations
CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND
Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers
Colours for different events
Logging and automatic reloading of logs
mIRC colour code filters
Configurable timestamps
GUI for changing channel modes easily
Configurable highlight keywords
URL Grabber window
Optional outgoing swear word filter
Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages
DCC CHAT support
Doubleclickable URL's
Support for multiple languages using LOCALE
Clone detection
Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection
Command aliases
Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style
Counter for Unread messages
Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser
&lt;/pre&gt;


====IRC Aircos ====

Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. 


====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky====
 Servers are setup and close down at random 
You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. 

The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky
&lt;pre &gt;
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; XMPP -&gt; open and ad-free 
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; Transports (Gateways) -&gt; Proprietary closed systems 
&lt;/pre &gt;

The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead.

The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc.


You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list],

Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other.

Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password.

Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users.

Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's &quot;Windows&quot; menu and select the &quot;Agents&quot; option. The &quot;Agents List&quot; window will open.

Roster (contacts list)

[http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available

File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL.

Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN.

There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options.


 Facebook

If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway.

&lt;pre &gt;
1. launch jabberwocky
2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu
3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID
4. your password is your normal facebook password
5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field

6. click the 'add' button
7. click the 'close' button
8. click the 'connect' button
&lt;/pre &gt;

you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky.

[http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&amp;forum=32 Read more here]

for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password


 Twitter

For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net],  and .

An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to]

:Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more]

 Instagram 

no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client

 ICQ

The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check.

Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/
Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window-&gt;Agents-&gt;&quot;Register&quot;. Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account.

 Yahoo Messenger

although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies

 MSN

early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time....

Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in.  You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again.  It may also take multiple tries to sign in.  (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.)

You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting.

msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window.

From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which  helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure.

1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address.

2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following:

* Select the &quot;Windows/Agents&quot; menu option in Jabberwocky.
* Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server.
* Click the Register button to open a new window asking for:
**Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address.
**Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list.
**Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address.
* Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window.

3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN.

4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works.

If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz..
then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz

or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com  You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com 
And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time...

 Google Talk

any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users.

implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format


===Video Player MPlayer===

Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using

4:3
 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi

16:9
 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi

if you want gui use;
 mplayer -gui 1 &lt;other params&gt; file.avi

&lt;pre &gt;
stack 1000000

; using AspireOS 1.xx 
; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 1.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 2.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

cd RAM:MPlayer
run MPlayer -gui &gt; Nil:
;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls &gt; Nil: 
&lt;/pre &gt;

$ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4


MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though.

AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP.

If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP

-rtsp-stream-over-tcp

If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol  server needs authentification:

-user -passwd


MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache

MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface


Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music 
 
http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls 

http://scenesat.com/

http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga

http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm

http://www.kohina.com/

http://www.remix64.com/

http://retrogamer.net/forum/

http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml

http://retrogamesquad.com/

http://www.retronauts.com/

http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/

http://www.retrogamingradio.com/

http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp


[[#top|...to the top]]

====ZunePaint==== 

simplified typical workflow

* importing and organizing and photo management
* making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time 
* exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata


Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes.


For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction.

For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common.  Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject.

Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking.

For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term.


* White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under &quot;Misc color effects&quot; tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green 
* Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery
* Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software
* Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations
* Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement
* Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) 
* Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) 
* Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - 
* Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) 
* Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size


White Balance - F12 and K

scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above.


Exposure correction

F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up

Workflows in practice

* Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z 
* Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R

First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. 
* Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. 
* Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. 
* After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK.


And save your picture


Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use

basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, 
* negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc.

adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, 
* reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon,  etc. 
* red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate,

effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) 
* blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc.

borders such as 
* dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc.

brushes e.g.
* frost, smoke, etc.

and manual control of

fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration -  lens and body profiles

perspective correction

levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows

curves -  Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast

color balance

one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc.

Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors

decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image

any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha 
If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later.

File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc.  contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr

Image Picture Formats
* low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace -  TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary.
* linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) 
An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert dcraw]

There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible.

A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values.

The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a &quot;downsampling&quot; - should prevent as much loss as possible.

Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured.

Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help 

File
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New	Ctrl+n	New
Open	Ctrl+o	Open
Close	Ctrl+w	Close
Save	Ctrl+s	Save
Save as	Shift+Ctrl+s	Save as
Revert	F12	Revert
Print	Ctrl+p	Print
Exit	Ctrl+q	Quit
 
Edit
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Undo/Redo (1 level)	Ctrl+z	Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z)
Cut	Ctrl+x	Cut
Copy	Ctrl+c	Copy
Paste	Ctrl+v	Paste
Paste Into	Shift+Ctrl+v	Paste Into
Fill with FG color	Alt+Backspace	Fill with FG color
Fill with BG color	Control+Backspace	Fill with BG color
 
Image/Colors
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Levels	Ctrl+l	Levels
Auto Contrast	Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l	Stretch Contrast (same?)
Curves	Ctrl+m	Curves
Color Balance	Ctrl+b	Color Balance
Hue/Saturation	Ctrl+u	Hue-Saturation
Desaturate	Shift+Ctrl+u	Desaturate
Invert	Ctrl+i	Invert
Default Colors	d	Default Colors
Switch Colors	x	Switch Colors
 
Layer
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New Layer	Shift+Ctrl+n	New Layer
Layer via Copy	Ctrl+j	Duplicate Layer
Bring (layer) to Front	Shift+Ctrl+]	Layer to Top
Send (layer) to Back	Shift+Ctrl+[	Layer to Bottom
Bring (layer) Forward	Ctrl+]	Raise Layer
Send (layer) Backward	Ctrl+[	Lower Layer
Select Top Layer	Shift+Alt+]	Select Top Layer
Select Bottom Layer	Shift+Alt+[	Select Bottom Layer
Select One Layer Forward	Alt+]	Select Previous Layer
Select One Layer Backward	Alt+[	Select Next Layer
Merge Down	Ctrl+e	Merge Down
Merge Visible	Shift+Ctrl+e	Merge Visible
Preserve Transparency	/	Keep Transparency
Cycle Modes Forwards	Shift+=	Next Layer Mode
Cycle Modes Backwards	Shift+-	Previous Layer Mode
 
Select
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Select All	Ctrl+a	Select All
Deselect	Ctrl+d	Select None
Inverse	Shift+Ctrl+i	Invert
Feather	Ctrl+Alt+d	Feather
 
View
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Zoom In	Ctrl+=	Zoom In
Zoom Out	Ctrl+-	Zoom Out
Fit on Screen	Ctrl+0	Zoom to Fit Window
Actual Pixels	Ctrl+Alt+0	Zoom 1:1
Show/Hide Extras	Ctrl+h	Toggle Show Selection (close enough?)
Show/Hide Guides	Ctrl+'	Toggle Show Guides
Show/Hide Grid	Ctrl+Alt+'	Toggle Show Grid
Show/Hide Rulers	Ctrl+r	Toggle Show Rulers
Snap	Ctrl+;	Snap to Guides
Scroll View Up	Page Up	Scroll Page Up
Scroll View Down	Page Down	Scroll Page Down
Scroll View Left	Ctrl+Page Up	Scroll Page Left
Scroll View Right	Ctrl+Page Down	Scroll Page Right
 
Window/Dialogs
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
?	F5	Tools Dialog
Color Tab	F6	Colors Dialog
Layers Tab	F7	Layers Dialog
Info Tab	F8	Image Information
 
Tools
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Rectangular Marquee Tool	m	Rect Select Tool
Elliptical Marquee Tool	Shift+m	Ellipse Select Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop	 
Move Tool	v	Move Tool
Lasso Tool	l	Free Select Tool
Magic Wand Tool	w	Fuzzy Select Tool
Crop Tool	c	Crop &amp; Resize Tool
Airbrush Tool	j	Airbrush Tool
Paintbrush Tool	b	Paintbrush Tool
Clone Stamp Tool	s	Clone Stamp Tool
Eraser Tool	e	Eraser Tool
Gradient Tool	g	Blend Tool
Paint Bucket Tool	Shift+g	Bucket Fill Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop	 
Blur Tool	r	Convolve Tool
Dodge Tool	o	DodgeBurn Tool
Type Tool	t	Text Tool
Pen Tool	p	Bezier Select Tool
Eye Dropper Tool	i	Color Picker Tool
Zoom Tool	z	Magnify Tool
Previous Brush	,	Previous Brush
Next Brush	.	Next Brush
First Brush	Shift+&lt;	First Brush
Last Brush	Shift+&gt;	Last Brush
Decrease Brush Size	[	Decrease Brush Size
Increase Brush Size	]	Increase Brush Size
Decrease Brush Hardness	{	Decrease Brush Hardness
Increase Brush Hardness	}	Increase Brush Hardness
 
Help
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Help	F1	Help
Context Help	Shift+F1	Context Help
 
Misc.
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Last Filter	Ctrl+f	Repeat Last Filter
?	Shift+Ctrl+f	Reshow Last Filter
Preferences	Ctrl+k	Preferences
Liquify	Shift+Ctrl+x	IWarp (close enough?)
Toggle Quick Mask	q	Toggle Quick Mask


Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape

Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. 
* Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by   and brushes for other areas. 
* Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. 
Remove fringe/halo

saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact.


Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. 
* RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) 
* YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video]


Histograms

White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. 
If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right.

RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter.  Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30%

RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) .  The alpha channel is used for &quot;alpha compositing&quot;, which can mostly be associated as &quot;opacity&quot;.  AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel.

The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph.  The highlights are represented by the right third.  And the midtones are, of course, in the middle.  The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). 
By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. 
By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .


RGB Curves

* Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens 
* Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens

Color Curves

* Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but 
* Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow.
&lt;pre&gt;
 Red &lt;-&gt; Cyan
 Green &lt;-&gt;Magenta
 Blue &lt;-&gt;Yellow 
&lt;/pre&gt;

YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e.  separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white.  A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram.   A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited.  By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .

The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much
Can be used to create a negative image but also 
With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow.
With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan.
e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green.

YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other.  
using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments

sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping.


Free royalty pictures, [www.freeimages.com ], [http://imageshack.us/ ], [http://photobucket.com/ ], [http://rawpixels.net/], [], [], [], 


====Lunapaint====

Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function

 Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail 

&lt;pre&gt;
b BRUSH
e ERASER

alt eyedropper 
v layer tool 

z ZOOM / MAGNIFY &lt; &gt; n 
spc panning 
m  marque 
q lasso 
w same color selection / region 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
, LM RM
v 
V
f  filter 
F 
.  size 

p 
,  pick color 
[] last / next color 
&lt;/pre&gt;


There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc.

Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software.

 author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added.

* add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del]
* whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble
* pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes.
* Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint.
* to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64.
* implement graphic tablet features support


**GENERAL DRAWING**

Miss it very much:
UNDO
ERASER
COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked.
BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from &quot;New project screen&quot;

Miss it somewhat:
ICON for UNDO
ICON for ERASER
ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often )
BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush

**ANIMATING**

Miss it very much:
NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project
ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush

Miss it somewhat:
ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame

In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day.


LAYERS
-Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames
-Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?).

EXPORTING IMAGES
-Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --&gt; My robot was blue now it's &quot;gold&quot; ) I think this only happens if you have layers.
-Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them)
-Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10

LOAD/SAVE (Preferences)
-Make a setting for the default &quot;Work&quot; folder.

* Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers 
* mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying)

&lt;pre&gt;
Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts 
    NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key

    [Technique]

    F1  - Paint
    F2  - Single Colour
    F3  - Replace
    F4  - Smear
    F5  - Shade
    F6  - Cycle
    F7  - Smooth
     M  - Colour Cycle

    [Brush]

     B  - Restore
     O  - Outline
     h  - Halve brush size
     H  - Double brush size
     x  - Flip brush on X axis
     X  - Double brush size on X axis only
     y  - Flip on Y 
     Y  - Double on Y
     z  - Rotate brush 90 degrees
     Z  - Stretch

    [Stencil]

     `  - Stencil On

    [Miscellaneous]

    F9  - Info Bar
    F10 - Selection Bar
    @o  - Co-Ordinates
    @a  - Anti-alias
    @r  - Colourise
    @t  - Translucent
    TAB - Colour Cycle

    [Picture]

     L  - Load
     S  - Save
     j  - Page to Spare(Flip)
     J  - Page to Spare(Copy)
     V  - View Page
     Q  - Quit

    [General Keys]

     m  - Magnify
     &lt;  - Zoom In
     &gt;  - Zoom Out
     [  - Palette Colour Up
     ]  - Palette Colour Down
     (  - Palette Colour Left
     )  - Palette Colour Right
     ,  - Eye Dropper
     .  - Pixel / Brush Toggle
     /  - Symmetry
     |  - Co-Ordinates
    INS - Perspective Control
    +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control)
     w  - Unfilled Polygon
     W  - Filled Polygon
     e  - Unfilled Ellipse
     E  - Filled Ellipse
     r  - Unfilled Rectangle
     R  - Filled Rectangle
     t  - Type/text tool
     a  - Select Font
    u/U - Undo
     d  - Brush
     D  - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon
    f/F - Fill Options
    g/G - Grid
    h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control)
     K  - Clear
     c  - Unfilled Circle
     C  - Filled Circle
     v  - Line
     b  - Scissor Select and Toggle
     B  - Brush
    {,} - Toggle between two background colours
&lt;/pre&gt;

====Lodepaint====

Pixel based painting artwork app

====Grafx2====

Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], 


====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG====

Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps


*Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping 
*Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide 
*Colour - fill stroke 
*Stroke - size 
*Brushes - 
*Layers - 
*Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows 
*Text    - 
*Transform - 


 AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) 

[[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]]

for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent

;Menu options
* Load - fig format but import(s) SVG
* Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png
* PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys 
* Deselect all points

There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted.

;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings

;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) 
* Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes,  polygon 
* Lines - polylines
* Text &quot;T&quot; button 
* Photos - bitmaps
* Compound - Glue, Break, Scale 
* POINTs - Move, Add, Remove 
* Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste 
use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s)
* Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square

;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives 
* Color
* Line Width
* Line Style
* arrowheads

;Modes 
Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc.

;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored 
* compound tools to add .fig(s) together

;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 
&lt;pre&gt;
Landscape
Center
Inches
Letter 
100.00
Single
-2
1200 2
4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01
&lt;/pre&gt;

# change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). 
# The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13.
# The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default).
# The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20.
# The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees).
# twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch.
# thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before.

* The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox.
* The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence.

; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation


[[#top|...to the top]]

===Audio===


# AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem.

# When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always).

# For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording.


====Music Mods====

Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI.

Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds.

Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock.

In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments.

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr])

If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon

*Sample
*Note - Effect 
*Track (column) - Pattern - Order

It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) 
The Note can be changed with an Effect.  A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song.

Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above).  Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head.

*Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. 
*Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of &quot;swing&quot; feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. 
*Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds.
*Moody - minor key

First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too.

This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song.

The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats.

Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section.

The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords.

Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave.

To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them.

For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth.


The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern &quot;00&quot;, then pattern &quot;02&quot;, then &quot;03&quot;, then &quot;01&quot;, etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song.

The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song.

The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D.

Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot; are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 &quot;Kick&quot;.

The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6.

The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the &quot;F&quot; effect, which is a tempo command. The &quot;04&quot; means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster).

Base pattern

When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In &quot;Wild Bunnies&quot; the base pattern is pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot;.

In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow.


Drums

Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The &quot;F&quot; command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of &quot;swing&quot; feel.

In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation.

In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The &quot;8&quot; command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix.


Bass line

There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more &quot;live&quot;.

The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key.


Chords

The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm.


Lead

Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention.

A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The &quot;461&quot; effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes.

Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 &quot;Square&quot;), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form.

Song structure

Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations.

A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus.

Other single sectional song structures are

&lt;pre&gt;
Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody 
AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s 
AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s 
Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form
ABAB Song Form
ABAC Song Form
ABCD Song Form
AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 
8-Bar Song Form
16-Bar Song Form
Hybrid / Compound Song Forms
&lt;/pre&gt;

The most common building blocks are:

#INTRODUCTION(INTRO)
#VERSE
#REFRAIN
#PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB
#CHORUS
#BRIDGE
#MIDDLE EIGHT
#SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK
#COLLISION
#CODA / OUTRO
#AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO)

The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember.

The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus.


 Playing

RCTRL:                           Play song from row 0.

LSHIFT + RCTRL:                  Play song from current row.

RALT:                            Play pattern from row 0.

LSHIFT + RALT:                   Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on '&gt;':               Play song from row 0.

Right mouse on '&gt;':              Play song from current row.

Left mouse on '|&gt;':              Play pattern from row 0.

Right mouse on '|&gt;':             Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on 'Edit/Record':     Edit mode on/off.

Right mouse on 'Edit/Record':    Record mode on/off.


 Editing 


LSHIFT + ESCAPE:                 Switch large patterns view on/off

TAB:                    Go to next track

LSHIFT + TAB:                    Go to prev. track

LCTRL + TAB:                    Go to next note in track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB:           Go to prev. note in track

SPACE:                           Toggle Edit mode On &amp; Off

(Also stop if the song is being played)

SHIFT SPACE:                     Toggle Record mode On &amp; Off

(Wait for a key note to be pressed

or a midi in message to be received)

DOWN ARROW:                      1 Line down

UP ARROW:                        1 Line up

LEFT ARROW:                      1 Row left

RIGHT ARROW:                     1 Row right

PREV. PAGE:                      16 Arrows Up

NEXT PAGE:                       16 Arrows Down

HOME / END:                      Top left / Bottom right of pattern

LCTRL + HOME / END:              First / last track

F5, F6, F7, F8, F9:              Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns

+ - (Numeric keypad):           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:    Next / Previous position

LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous instrument

LSHIFT + M:                      Toggle mute state of the current channel

LCTRL + LSHIFT + M:             Solo the current track / Unmute all

LSHIFT + F1 to F11:              Select a tab/panel

LCTRL + 1 to 4:                 Select a copy buffer


 Tracking 

1st and 2nd keys rows:           Upper octave row

3rd and 4th keys rows:           Lower octave row

RSHIFT:                          Insert a note off

/ and * (Numeric keypad)

or F1 F2:                        -1 or +1 octave

INSERT / BACKSPACE:              Insert or Delete a line in current track

or current selected block.

LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE:     Insert or Delete a line in current pattern

DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE):          Empty a column or a selected block.


 Blocks

(Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel).


LCTRL + A:          Select entire current track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern

LALT + A:          Select entire column note in a track

LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track

LCTRL + X:          Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer

LCTRL + C:          Copy the selected block into the block-buffer

LCTRL + V:          Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern

LCTRL + I:          Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection

LSHIFT + ARROWS

PREV. PAGE

NEXT PAGE: Select a block

LCTRL + R:          Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them)

LCTRL + U:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher

LCTRL + D:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower  (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + H:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher

LCTRL + L:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + W:          Save the current selection into a file


 Misc 


LALT + ENTER:     Switch between full screen / windowed mode

LALT + F4:        Exit program (Windows only)

LCTRL + S:         Save current module

LSHIFT + S:         Switch top right panel to synths list

LSHIFT + I:         Switch top right panel to instruments list


&lt;pre&gt;
C-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Volume 
B-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Jump to 
A#x  xh xx xx hhhh hhhh   Slide 
F-x    xh xx xx hhhh            Tempo 
D-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Pattern Break 
G#x  xh xx xx hhhh
&lt;/pre&gt;

h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13

d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10  11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume.

The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex.

Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly.
This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it...

The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary.

Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from.

Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. 
&lt;pre&gt;
   C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing
   ---      000
   C-3    330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30.
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
&lt;/pre&gt;
Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note.

This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up.
There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them.

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  02

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  05

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  08

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0A

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0D

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10

(You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..)  Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns.


The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa.

Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest.
Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use.

Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format.   vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) 

&lt;pre&gt;
 C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 &lt;-  Turn Arpeggio effect on
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B38 &lt;- Change datas
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B00 &lt;- Turn it off
&lt;/pre&gt;

Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21.

Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from.

Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order.
Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off.

Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well.

Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31.

Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart.

Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16.

Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop.

Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato.

Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged.

Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex).

Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work.

Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played!

Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for.

Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop &quot;movement&quot; is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000).

effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units

There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine.

It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel).

so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings.

for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top.

In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself.

For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud.

The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation.


&lt;pre&gt;
Support for the following modules formats:
669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), 
AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), 
AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), 
APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), 
FAR (Farandole Composer), 
GDM (General DigiMusic), 
IT (Impulse Tracker), 
IMF (Imago Orpheus), 
MOD (15 and 31 instruments), 
MED (OctaMED), 
MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), 
OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), 
S3M (Scream Tracker 3), 
STM (Scream Tracker), 
STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), 
ULT (UltraTracker), 
UNI (MikMod), 
XM (FastTracker 2),
Mid (midi format via timidity)
&lt;/pre&gt;


Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2],


====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface====

A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it).

'''Timidity'''

Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ 
 assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity
added to SYSːs/User-Startup

'''WildMidi playback'''


'''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)'''


*Sync Menu    - CAMD Receive, Send checked 
*Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup 


MCB Master Control Bus 
*Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&amp;P). 
*B&amp;P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&amp;Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes 
*CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE 


*MIDI Machine Control
*Midi Bar Display 
*Select CAMD MIDI in / out
*Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely 
 Channel   - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, 
 Subgroup  - Volume, Mute, Solo 
 Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward 
 Misc      - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up 


&lt;pre&gt;
q        - quit 

First 3 already opened when AE started 
F1       - timeline window
F2       - mixer 
F3       - control 
F4       - subgroups 
F5       - aux returns 
F6       - sample list 

i        - Load sample to use 

space    - start/stop play 
b        - reset time 0:00


s        - split mode 
r        - open recording window 
a        - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume 


[ / ]    - zoom in / out 
:        - previous track
*        - next track 

x c v f  - cut copy paste cross-fade 
g        - snap grid 


&lt;/pre&gt;


 '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]'''

 BarsnPipes debug ... in shell 

Menu (right mouse)  
*Song        - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 
*Track       - 
*Edit        -
*Tool        - 
*Timing      - SMTPE Synchronizing 
*Windows     - 
*Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option 

Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) 
*Workflow -&gt; Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, 
*Control  -&gt; Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, 

Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -&gt; Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them 

If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time 

Right mouse menu -&gt; Preferences -&gt; Environment... -&gt; ScreenMode  - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC 


'''Tracks'''

#Double-click on B&amp;P's icon. B&amp;P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&amp;P.
#Choose a track. The B&amp;P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup.
#Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record.
#Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration.
#Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel.
#Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features.


Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&amp;t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg  PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], 

Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help 


'''Tracks window'''

* blue &quot;1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group&quot; and transport tape deck VCR-type controls
* Flags 
* [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] 

Each Track has a 

*Left LHS  - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline 
*Middle    - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap 
*Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT 

Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times 


'''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)'''

After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc
 right mouse -&gt; Toolbox menu option -&gt; Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool 

Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms
[https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars &amp; Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group 


'''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' 

Accessories -&gt; Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support 


'''Song Construction'''
&lt;pre&gt;
F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Duplicator 
F5  Eraser 
F6  Toolpad 
F7  Bounding box 
F8  Lock to A-B-A 

A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, 

&lt;/pre&gt;


Bars&amp;Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations 

'''Tempo Map'''

F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Eraser 
F5  Curve 
F6  Toolpad 


Compositions

Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature 

'''Master Parameters'''

Key, Scale/Mode

'''Track Parameters'''

Dynamics 


'''Time-line Scoring'''


'''Media Madness'''


'''Mix Maestro'''


*ACCESSORIES         Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules 
*CLIPBOARD           Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks.
*INFORMATION         A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine.
*MASTER PARAMETERS   Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes.
*MEDIA MADNESS       A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc 
*METRONOME           Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required.
*MIX MAESTRO         Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software 
*RECORD ACTIVATION   Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc
*SET FLAGS           Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time 
*SONG CONSTRUCTION   Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections
*TEMPO MAP           Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves 
*TEMPO PALETTE       Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings.
*TIMELINE SCORING    Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance.
*TOOLBOX             Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available 
*TRACKS              Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools.
*TRANSPORT           Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes.


Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed.
Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory.

In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID &quot;NAME&quot; (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as &quot;NAME&quot;. On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as &quot;EMAN&quot;.  The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA).

If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard 

http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml


MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically &quot;note on&quot;, &quot;note off&quot;, &quot;program change&quot;, &quot;controller change&quot;, or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music.

* Channel     - 1 to 16 -
* Messages    - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs,  etc 
* Sequencing  - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, 
* Recording   - 
* GUI         - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes 

MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off 

MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc 

MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE 

Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. 

Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. 

Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations.

Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -&gt; PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors)

Preferences -&gt; Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF 

Prefs -&gt; Environment -&gt; screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) 

Customization -&gt; pics in gui drawer (folder) - 


Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi 

SMF is a “Standard Midi File”  ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], 

* SMF0        All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel.
* SMF1        The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels.
* SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels.


Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers?
On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality

BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. 

&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI can control 16 channels 
There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments 
handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present 
It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&amp;P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and 
MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system 
Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format 
Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc.
&lt;/pre&gt;


Composers
&lt;pre&gt;
[https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] 

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc
1992 Bars&amp;Pipes Pro published 
November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&amp;Pipes Pro 2.5c beta
end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state 
end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 
2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


 Protrekkr

How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ?

First of all, midi in &amp; out capabilities of this program are rather limited.

# Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time).
# Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected).
# Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk.
# Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported.

Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row:

&lt;pre&gt;
    C-3 02 .. .. 0000....


    --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... &lt;&lt; This will set the value 
    --- .. .. .. 0000....    of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex)
    --- .. .. .. 0000....
&lt;/pre&gt;

So &quot;--- .. .. 90 2040....&quot; will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64).

You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages.

 N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal!

Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard.

Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible.

Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels.

Further devices can respond to, and transmit, &quot;breath controller&quot; data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it.

A controller keyboard may be capable of sending &quot;expression pedal&quot; data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message.

Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The &quot;voice&quot; or &quot;instrument&quot; is selected using a &quot;Program Change&quot; message on its own.

Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in &quot;banks&quot;, and the choice of instrument is made by responding to &quot;Bank Select MSB&quot; (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use &quot;Bank Select LSB&quot; (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List.


 MIDI Implementation Chart

But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart.

If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are &quot;compatible&quot;. In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart.

The chart is divided into four columns headed &quot;Function&quot;, &quot;Transmitted&quot; (or &quot;Tx&quot;), &quot;Received&quot; (or &quot;Rx&quot;), or more correctly &quot;Recognised&quot;, and finally, &quot;Remarks&quot;.

&lt;pre&gt;
The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described.
The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device.
The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to.
The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns.
&lt;/pre&gt;

There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra &quot;Notes&quot;. Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI &quot;modes&quot; and what the &quot;X&quot; and the &quot;O&quot; mean.
&lt;pre&gt;
Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; 
Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; 
Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; 
Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono.
&lt;/pre&gt;
O means &quot;yes&quot; (implemented), X means &quot;no&quot; (not implemented).

Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks &quot;**************&quot;, these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise).

Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail.

Basic Channel
But the very first set of boxes will tell us the &quot;Basic Channel(s)&quot; that the device sends or receives on. 
&quot;Default&quot; is what happens when the device is first turned on, &quot;changed&quot; is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. 
For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels.

On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be &quot;split&quot; with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel.
So we might see the default as &quot;1&quot; but the changed as &quot;1-16&quot;.

Modes.
We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes.

But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device.

If we send an &quot;Omni On&quot; message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, &quot;Omni Off&quot;.

So &quot;Omni Off&quot; (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel.

&quot;Poly&quot; (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords.

&quot;Mono&quot; (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a &quot;smoother&quot; transition.

So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4).

We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. 
Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono).

This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none.

Finally, in the &quot;Altered&quot; field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode.

Note Number
&lt;pre&gt;
The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127.
The second line, &quot;True Voice&quot; has the following in the MIDI specification: 
&quot;Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument.&quot;
My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Velocity
This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually &quot;O&quot; plus a range or &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.

After touch
This may have one or two lines two it.
If a one liner the either &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot;, yes or no.
If a two liner then it may include &quot;Keys&quot; or &quot;Poly&quot; and &quot;Channel&quot;.
This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither.

Pitch Bend
Again &quot;O&quot; for implemented, &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.
(Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.)
It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel.

Control Change
This is likely to be the largest section of the chart.
It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; respectively.
You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation.

Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers]

Program Change
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available.
True # (number): &quot;The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected.&quot;

System Exclusive
Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation.

System Common - These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation).
Song Position Pointer
Song Select
Tune Request
&lt;/pre&gt;
The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages.

System Real Time
These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
Timing Clock - often just written as &quot;Clock&quot;
Start
Stop
Continue
&lt;/pre&gt;
These three are usually just referred to as &quot;Commands&quot; and listed.
Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to.
&lt;pre&gt;
Aux. Messages
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; for implemented or not.
Aux. = Auxiliary.
Active Sense = Active Sensing.
&lt;/pre&gt;
Often with an explanation of the action of the device.

Notes
The &quot;Notes&quot; section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation.

Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification.
And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA.


 OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS

SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES
Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages

The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from &quot;MIDI by the Numbers&quot; by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete.

WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information.

MIDI 1.0 Specification

Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1000nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note Off event. 
This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1001nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note On event. 
This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1010nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). 
This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Control Change. 
This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as &quot;Channel Mode Messages&quot; (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1100nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ppppppp || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1101nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1110nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits.
|}

Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above)

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Mode Messages. 
This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are:
*All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off
*Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice.
*Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. 
c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off
c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On
* All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. 
c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.)
c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off 
c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On 
c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) 
c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off)
|}

System Common Messages

System Messages (0xF0)

The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category.

The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories.

System Common

If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes.

System Common Messages
Type Status Byte   Number of Data Bytes      Usage 
&lt;pre&gt;
Time Code Quarter Frame	0xF1	1	Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*.
Song Position	0xF2	2	Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song.
Song Select	0xF3	1	Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song.
Undefined	0xF4	0	
Undefined	0xF5	0	
Tune Request	0xF6	0	Requests that the receiver retunes itself**.
&lt;/pre&gt;
*MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification
**While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command.


System Exclusive

If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates.

System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format:

0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7
The message is bookended with distinct bytes.

It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0.
The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier.
Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning.
If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value.
&lt;pre&gt;
ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities.
ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message.
ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message.
&lt;/pre&gt;
After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes.
The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7.
The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios.

An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer.
System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer.
Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages.
 Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii]  0ddddddd  --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || &lt;!--Description--&gt;System Exclusive. 
This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0nnndddd || &lt;!--Description--&gt;MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame.
nnn = Message Type
dddd = Values
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Position Pointer. 
This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0sssssss || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Select. 
The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. 
|}


System Real-Time Messages

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Stop. Stop the current sequence.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. 
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up.
|}


Advanced Messages

Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0)

Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages.

Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages.

The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp
n is the status (0xA)
c is the channel nybble
kk is the key number (0 to 127)
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all.

Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xD)
c is the channel number
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pitch Bend (0xE0)

Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends.

Pitch Bend Wheel

The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM
n is the status (0xE)
c is the channel number
LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value
MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value
&lt;/pre&gt;
You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000).

Control Change (0xB0)

In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below.


Continuous Controllers

These controls send the following message format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv
n is the status (0xB)
c is the MIDI channel
cc is the controller number (0-127)
vv is the controller value (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments.

The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers.

On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard.


Program Change (0xC0)

Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xc)
c is the channel
pp is the patch number (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change.

Audio &amp; Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ?
Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me:

 Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key)
 and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value
 that will make sound sync both audio/midi.

The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ?
You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the &quot;wav&quot; option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals.


Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment


====DAW Audio Evolution 4====

Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ.

Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware.

Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions

The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88.

sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only)


Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. 
* Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom)


stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right

hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option


Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format 

 sox recital.wav recital.aiff

 sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm
 sox input.wav        output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k

performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16.

 rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00

records half an hour of stereo audio 

 play existing-file.wav


24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work 

*No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI.
*No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps.
*Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output.
*No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables.
*No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. 


select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.)
The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo.

Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz.


Channels

Monitor

Gain

Inout

Output

Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port


* Options -&gt; Soundcard In/Out
* Options -&gt; SampleRate
* Options -&gt; Preferences

F6 for Sample File List

Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track &quot;not in time&quot; ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway).

If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it).

AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording.


These are the usual features found in DAWs...

* Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer 
* virtual VST instruments and plug-ins 
* automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor


* different track views 
* mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) 
* traditional two windows (track and mixer)


Mixing - mixdown

Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect.

Take look at page17 of the manual.

When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu.

Menus-&gt;Windows-&gt; Aux Returns Window

or press F5

You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are &quot;prefade&quot; so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them.


Tracking


Effects - fade in

To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out.

To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal.

There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal,

You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so

Sample -&gt; Amplify -&gt; Delay

Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard.

Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out.

Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage.

Signal Processing -


Overdub

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Office===

====Spreadsheet Leu====

Support for some xlsx, and ods functions 


====Spreadsheet Ignition====

; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done

File formats supported 
* ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). 
* igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas.

There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment.

* Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells.
* copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -&gt; Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. 
* Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c)  to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively 
* Edit -&gt; Insert -&gt; Row  seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be...

Change Sheet name by  Object -&gt; Sheet -&gt; Properties

Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells.

Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. 
Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. 
View -&gt; Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet).

Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered.

* #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used.

;Graphs

use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents

* value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ...


;Dates 
* Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)'''
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put date in days


;Time 
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put time in seconds taken


;Database (to be done by someone else)

type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), 
* select a bunch of cells and Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) 
* Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?)
* Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ?

Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition().

Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax().

Table sorting -


;Scripts (Arexx)

;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions 
*SUM(), 
*AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(),
*IF(), AND, OR, NOT 
*LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), 
*LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(),
* DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), 
*TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), 
*EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), 
*NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(),
*DBSUM() becomes DSUM(),


;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files 
There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel)

*HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), 
*TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &amp;, PROPER(), REPT(), 
*[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), 
*PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, 
*MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), 
*DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(),


;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] 
&lt;pre&gt;
Ctrl Z - Undo

Ctrl D - Fill Down
Ctrl R - Fill right

Ctrl F - Find
Ctrl H - Replace

Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells
CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number 
Ctrl ; - Todays Date 

F2 - Edit cell
F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references

&lt;/pre&gt;


====Document Scanning - Scandal====

Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead.

Check in Trident Prefs -&gt; Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None)
If not found then reboot the computer and recheck.

Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device).

The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only
 or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx

* gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx.
* epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used

'''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes)

Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections.

Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected.

Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not.

In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. 
Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet.

In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage.


The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select &quot;NONE&quot; to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now.

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Emulators===

==== Amiberry ====


==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ====

With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app 

There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included 

Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script:
&lt;pre&gt;
cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator
changetaskpri -1
run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config &gt;nil:
cd sys:prefs
endcli
&lt;/pre&gt;
This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time.


===Miscellaneous===

====Screensaver Blanker====

Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker.

Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or  run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange &gt;NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h).

Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options 
&lt;pre&gt;
seconds=number 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup

e.g. for 5 minutes

 run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;NIL:


*[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor.


*[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver.

Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker.

&lt;pre&gt;
cx_priority=
cx_popkey=    ie CX_POPKEY=&quot;Shift F1&quot; 
cx_popup=Yes or No

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
 Qualifier String    Input Event Class
   ----------------    -----------------
    &quot;lshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT
    &quot;rshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT
    &quot;capslock&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK
    &quot;control&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL
    &quot;lalt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_LALT
    &quot;ralt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_RALT
    &quot;lcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND
    &quot;rcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND
    &quot;numericpad&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD
    &quot;repeat&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT
    &quot;midbutton&quot;        IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON
    &quot;rbutton&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON
    &quot;leftbutton&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON
    &quot;relativemouse&quot;    IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
    Synonym     Synonym
    String     Identifier
    -------    ----------
    &quot;shift&quot;    IXSYM_SHIFT    /* look for either shift key */
    &quot;caps&quot;     IXSYM_CAPS     /* look for either shift key or capslock */
    &quot;alt&quot;      IXSYM_ALT      /* look for either alt key */

Highmap is one of the following strings:
    &quot;space&quot;, &quot;backspace&quot;, &quot;tab&quot;, &quot;enter&quot;, &quot;return&quot;, &quot;esc&quot;, &quot;del&quot;,
    &quot;up&quot;, &quot;down&quot;, &quot;right&quot;, &quot;left&quot;, &quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f4&quot;, &quot;f5&quot;,
    &quot;f6&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f8&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;, &quot;help&quot;.


&lt;/pre&gt;


[[#top|...to the top]]

==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ====

WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. 

Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris &quot;Xenon&quot; Hanson&quot; from Questar 

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign &quot;WCSProjects:&quot; &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects&quot; 
Assign &quot;WCSFrames:&quot;   &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames&quot; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -&gt; Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj
OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening 
Render by pull down menu Modules -&gt; Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], 

Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj
Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par
Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. 
Then drop-down menu and select Save As (&quot;NewName&quot;.proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name)


After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. 
It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu 

*Database   - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), 
*Data Ops   - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats  
*Map View   - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor 
*Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc 
*Render     - rendering terrain 

These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock 
*Motion Editor
*Color Editor
*Ecosys Editor 


Simple minimal workflow 
*Load database (1st icon - 1st)
*Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon)
*Render scene (5th icon) 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], 

&lt;pre&gt;
.proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files 

.binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff  conversion 
.Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats 
USGS 7.5MinDEM, 

.par 


&lt;/pre&gt;


Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the &quot;Mapview&quot; (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities:

* Loading of a demonstration project.
* The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the &quot;Database-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Color-Editor&quot;.
* The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing.


The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the &quot;Mapview&quot; window is active.

The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that &quot;Color-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; (creation of roads, railways, etc.) 


The Map View (MapView) window

*Database - Objects and Topos
*View     - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move 
*Draw     - Maps and distance 
*Object   - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate 
*Motion   - Camera, Focus, path, elevation 
*Windows  - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, 


You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height.
Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above
 

ZOOM button

Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map.
Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view.

PAN button

Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything.
There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details.

Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further...


Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS
If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape.
With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value.


Ecosys Ecosystem Editor

Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated).
Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters.
&lt;pre&gt;
Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5
Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000
Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water .
Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water.
Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor.
Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All'

EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model 


Color Editor

Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first.
Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations!
So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50
&lt;pre&gt;
'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30
'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60
'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80
' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30
&lt;pre&gt;
Now we can work on pre-existing colors
&lt;pre&gt;
'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130
'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170
'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190
'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200
'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170
&lt;/pre&gt;

Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0

So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep.
Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously.


Motion Editor

Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics:
&lt;pre&gt;
-Camera Altitude: 7.0
-Camera Latitude: 36.075
-Camera Longitude: 112.133
-Focus Attitude: -2.0
-Focus Latitude: 36.275
-Focus Longitude: 112.386
-Camera : 512 → rendering window
-Camera Y: 384 → rendering window
-View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees
-Sun Longitude: 172
-Sun Latitude: -0.9
-Haze Start: 3.8
-Haze Range: 78, 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear.
Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude...
Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one.


From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain.
While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision.
Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel.


The sun

Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box.

Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again.


Animation

The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions (&quot;slide&quot;, &quot;drag&quot;...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. 


A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...).

At the bottom of the &quot;Motion-Editor&quot;, a &quot;cam-view&quot; function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images (&quot;path&quot;), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer (&quot;zbuffer&quot;), the blur, the background image, etc.


Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the &quot;Render&quot; button.

For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program.


Strengths:

* Multi-window.
* Quality of rendering.
* Accuracy.
* Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen.
* Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats 
* The &quot;zbuffer&quot; function.

Weaknesses:

* No OpenGL management 
* Calculation time.
* No network computing tool.


====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan====

Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs

If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero)

Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file

If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. (&quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; is on the right).

You should use the &quot;Data/Audio tracks&quot; page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd.

Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button

Examples

Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page &quot;ISO Builder&quot; and &quot;ADD&quot; everything you need to burn.

On the &quot;Write&quot; page i have &quot;Masterize Disc (DAO)&quot;, &quot;Close Disc&quot; and &quot;Eject after Write&quot; set.

One must not &quot;Blank disc before write&quot; if one uses a CDR


AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks

Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page and &quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; and add the .iso


====odf====

Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document.

* content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content.
* styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves.
* meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action.
* settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information.


To read document follow these steps:

* Extracting .ods file.
* Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data).
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file).
* With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables.
* Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data.
* At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface.


To write document follow these steps:

* Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template).
* Getting content.xml file.
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file.
* Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements.
* Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file.
* Zipping that file as new .ods file.

XLS file format

The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records.

These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. 
All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records.

* Workbook stream 
**Globals substream
***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) 
**Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format)
***Blank cell record
***RK cell record 32-bit number. 
***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code)
***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number)
***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST)
***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself)
***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on)
***MulRK record 
***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook.

ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), 
COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), 
CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), 
DB(), DDB(), DISC(), 
DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), 
DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), 
INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), 
ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), 
PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), 
RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), 
VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(),


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4unsvdid1iowb20ufg0w4278ucvgbaw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641996</id>
      <parentid>4641995</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T11:50:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Jeff1138</username>
        <id>301139</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641996</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="234561" sha1="q79j4tf0ycptrmnp57i38f2ncahtosj" xml:space="preserve">
==Introduction==


[[#Graphical Image Editing Art]]
[[#Office Application]]
[[#Audio]]

[[#Misc Application]]
[[#Games &amp; Emulation]]

[[#Application Guides]]

[[#top|...to the top]]


[[#top|...to the top]]

Most apps can be opened on the Workbench (aka publicscreen pubscreen) which is the default display option but can offer a custom one set to your configurations (aka custom screen mode promotion). These custom ones tend to stack so the possible use of A-M/A-N method of switching between full screens and the ability to pull down screens as well 

If you are interested in creating or porting new software, see [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Aros/Developer/Docs here]

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Internet Applications 
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Web Online Browser [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Odyssey 2.0], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1175&amp;highlight=odyssey&amp;rowstart=100 Odyssey 3.0], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/comm/www Amelinium], [https://blog.alb42.de/programs/amifox/ amifox] with [https://github.com/alb42/wrp wrp server], IBrowse*, Voyager*, [https://github.com/amigazen/aweb3/ AWeb 3.6 src], [https://github.com/matjam/aweb AWeb Src], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/www/NetSurf-m68k-sources Netsurf], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ Odyssey OWB], [ Timberwolf (Firefox port 2011)], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?forum=32&amp;topic_id=32847 OWB-mui], [http://strohmayer.org/owb/ OWB-Reaction], IBrowse*, [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=network/browser/aweb.lha AWeb], Voyager, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/browser Netsurf], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Wayfarer, [http://fabportnawak.free.fr/owb/ Odyssey OWB], [ Netsurf], IBrowse*, AWeb, [], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;YouTube, Dailymotion website downloading videos audio [https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp yt-dlp], [],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [ smtube], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], getVideo, Tubexx, [https://github.com/walkero-gr/aiostreams aiostreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ytsearch], [https://blog.alb42.de/amitube/ Amitube], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 getVideo], Tubexx 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;E-mailing SMTP POP3 IMAP based 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/email SimpleMail], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ src], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/simplemail/files/ SimpleMail], [https://github.com/jens-maus/yam YAM]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SimpleMail, YAM, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt; SimpleMail, YAM
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IRC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat WookieChat], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/wookiechat/ Wookiechat src], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat AiRcOS], Jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Wookiechat, AmIRC 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Wookiechat 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Wookiechat], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 AmIRC], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Instant Messaging IM like [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/amidon Hollywood lang based Mastodon client], BlueSky AT protocol, Facebook(TM), Twitter X (TM), Bitlbee IRC Gateway and others 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/kaffeine1/telegram-amiga telegram-amiga], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/chat jabberwocky], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], CLIMM, SabreMSN, jabberwocky, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], SabreMSN,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amitwitter.sourceforge.net/ AmiTwitter], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 PolyglotNG], SabreMSN,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Torrents 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/p2p ArTorr], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CTorrent, Transmission 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MLDonkey, Beehive, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Transmission], CTorrent, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;FTP 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Plugin included with Dopus Magellan, MarranoFTP, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP AmiFTP], AmiTradeCenter, ncFTP, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=5 Pftp], [http://aminet.net/package/comm/tcp/AmiFTP-1.935-OS4 AmiFTP], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;WYSIWYG Web Site Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Internet Radio Streaming Audio [http://www.gnu.org/software/gnump3d/ gnump3d], [http://www.icecast.org/ Icecast2] Server (Broadcast) and Client (Listen), [ mpd], [http://darkice.sourceforge.net/ DarkIce], [http://www.dyne.org/software/muse/ Muse], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Mplayer (Icecast Client only), 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinder TuneFinder C Src], [https://github.com/sandlbn/TuneFinderMUI TuneFinderMUI], [http://amigazeux.net/anr/ AmiNetRadio], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.tunenet.co.uk/ Tunenet], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, AmiNetRadio, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VoIP (Voice over IP) with SIP Client (Session Initiation Protocol) or Asterisk IAX2 Clients Softphone (skype like) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiPhone with Speak Freely, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Weather Forecast 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ WeatherBar], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench AWeather], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], [https://github.com/emartisoft/AmiWeatherForecasts AmiWeatherForecasts src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=utility/workbench/flipclock.lha FlipClock], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://amigazeux.net/wetter/ Wetter], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Street Road Maps Route Planning GPS Tracking  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/muimapparium/ MuiMapparium] [https://build.alb42.de/ Build of MuiMapp versions], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiAtlas*, UKRoutePlus*, [http://blog.alb42.de/ AmOSM], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://blog.alb42.de/programs/mapparium/ Mapparium], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Clock and Date setting from the internet (either ntp or websites) [https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/ World Clock], [http://www.time.gov/ NIST], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc ntpsync],  
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ntpsync 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Newsgroups
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://newscoaster.sourceforge.net/ Newscoaster], [https://github.com/jens-maus/newsrog NewsRog], [ WorldNews], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Graphical Image Editing Art==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Image Editing
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Pixel Raster Artwork [https://github.com/LibreSprite/LibreSprite LibreSprite based on GPL aseprite], [https://github.com/abetusk/hsvhero hsvhero], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ZunePaint/ ZunePaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LunaPaint], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit GrafX2], [ LodePaint needs OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amigaforever.com/classic/download.html PPaint], GrafX2, [https://github.com/grovdata/Amiga_Sources/blob/master/software.md DeluxePaint], [http://www.amiforce.de/perfectpaint/perfectpaint.php PerfectPaint], Zoetrope, Brilliance2*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit LodePaint], GrafX2, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Sketch, Pixel*, GrafX2, [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 LunaPaint]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Image viewing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LookHere], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer LoView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer PicShow] , [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PicShow, PicView, Photoalbum,
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, PicShow, flPhoto, Thumbs, [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], [http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?mode=viewtopic&amp;topic_id=31400&amp;forum=32&amp;start=80&amp;viewmode=flat&amp;order=0#583458 Picture Album]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Photography retouching / Image Manipulation like Photoshop(tm)  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOEffects], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZunePaint], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Tecsoft Video Paint aka TVPaint], Photogenics*, ArtEffect*, ImageFX*, XiPaint, fxPaint, ImageMasterRT, Opalpaint, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;WarpView, flPhoto, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit Photocrop]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 ShowGirls], ImageFX*, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Manage RAW picture folder galleries like Darktable, RAWtherapy, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Graphic Format Converter - ICC profile support sRGB, Adobe RGB, XYZ and linear RGB 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;GraphicsConverter, ImageStudio, [http://www.coplabs.org/artpro.html ArtPro]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Thumbnail Generator [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/ ZuneView], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/shell Thumbnail Generator]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Icon Editor
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit Archives], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench Icon Toolbox], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/iconedit IconEditor]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Pixel Art Animation 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Lunapaint
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;PPaint, AnimatED, Scala*, GoldDisk MovieSetter*, Walt Disney's Animation Studio*, ProDAD*, [https://github.com/historicalsource/DeluxePaint DeluxePaint src], Brilliance
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=3 Titler] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D SVG based MovieSetter type 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MovieSetter*, Fantavision*
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Morphing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ GLMorph]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;2D Cad (qcad-&gt;LibreCAD, etc.) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Xcad, MaxonCAD
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Cad like FreeCad, BRL-CAD, OpenSCAD, AvoCADo, etc. using dxf, obj (vertices), blend, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;XCad3d*, DynaCADD*, Cycas, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Model Rendering of glft (json) gbl (png jpg), usdz (USD files with materials, textures, and animations), FBX Filmbox is a proprietary Autodesk format, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;POV-Ray
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.discreetfx.com./amigaproducts.html CINEMA 4D]*, POV-Ray, Lightwave3D*, Real3D*, Caligari24*, Reflections/Monzoom*, [https://github.com/privatosan/RayStorm Raystorm src], Tornado 3D
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, POV-Ray, Yafray
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Format Converter [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/convert/ivcon.lha IVCon]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen grabbing display 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Screengrabber], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc snapit], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record screen recorder], []
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Grab graphics music from apps [https://github.com/Malvineous/ripper6 ripper6], [],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Office Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Office
!width:10%;|AROS (x86)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiga_software Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1] (68k)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4 Hyperion OS4] (PPC)
!width:10%;|[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MorphOS MorphOS] (PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Word-processing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/wordprocessing Cinnamon Writer], [https://finalwriter.godaddysites.com/ Final Writer 7*], [https://github.com/sodero/MUI-Vim/releases MUI-Vim], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1995&amp;rowstart=20&amp;pid=12668#post_12668 Slovo], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[ Softwood FinalCopy II*], Haage AmigaWriter*, Digita WordWorth*, Softwood FinalWriter*, Micro-Systems Excellence 3*, Arnor Protext, Rashumon, [ InterWord], [ KindWords], [WordPerfect], [ New Horizons Flow], [ CygnusEd Pro], [ Micro-systems Scribble], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AbiWord, [ CinnamonWriter]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ Cinnamon Writer], [http://www.meta-morphos.org/viewtopic.php?topic=1246&amp;forum=53 scriba], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/index.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Spreadsheets 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/leu/ Leu], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/spreadsheet], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/biz/spread/ignition-src Ignition Src 1.3], [MaxiPlan 500 Plus], [OXXI Plan/IT v2.0 Speadsheet], [ Superplan], [ Creative Developments TurboCalc], [ ProCalc], [ InterSpread], [Digita DGCalc], [ Gold Disk Advantage], [ Micro-systems Analyze!]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Gnumeric, [https://ignition-amiga.sourceforge.net/ Ignition], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ ignition], [http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php Papyrus Office], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Presentations
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, MediaPoint, PointRider, Scala*, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS4--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.hollywoood-mal.com/ Hollywood]*, PointRider
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Databases 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sdb.freeforums.org/ SDB], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/database BeeBase], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Precision Superbase 4 Pro*, Arnor Prodata*, BeeBase, Datastore, FinalData*, AmigaBase, Fiasco, Twist2*, [Digita DGBase], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;BeeBase, SQLite, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=6 BeeBase], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PDF Viewing and editing digital signatures 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/arospdf/ ArosPDF via splash], [https://github.com/wattoc/AROS-vpdf vpdf wip], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;APDF 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AmiPDF 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;APDF, vPDF, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Printing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Postscript 3 laser printers and Ghostscript internal, [ GutenPrint], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.irseesoft.de/tp_what.htm TurboPrint]* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;(some native drivers), 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;early TurboPrint included, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Note Taking markdown support like Obsidian like, joplin, OneNote, EverNotes, xournalpp, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Study and analyse, collect, organize, annotate, cite, and share
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PIM Personal Information Manager - Day Diary Planner Calendar App 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Digita Organiser*, On The Ball, Everyday Organiser, [ Contact Manager], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;AOrganiser, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://polymere.free.fr/orga_en.html PolyOrga], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Accounting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=office/misc ETB], LoanCalc, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|[ Digita Home Accounts2], Accountant, Small Business Accounts, Account Master, [ Amigabok], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Project Management Research 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SuperGantt, SuperPlan, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Search 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool Finder], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System Wide Dictionary - multilingual [http://sourceforge.net/projects/babiloo/ Babiloo], [http://code.google.com/p/stardict-3/ StarDict], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ],  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System wide Thesaurus - multi lingual
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], 
|Kuma K-Roget*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sticky Desktop Notes (post it type) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.i386-aros AmiMemos], [https://aminet.net/package/util/wb/amimemos.src-aros AmiMemos Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/util/wb/StickIt-2.00 StickIt v2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DTP Desktop Publishing 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit RNOPublisher], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]*, Professional Pro Page*, Saxon Publisher, Pagesetter, PenPal, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://pagestream.org/ Pagestream]* 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Scanning 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SCANdal], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FxScan*, ScanQuix* 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SCANdal (Sane)
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SCANdal
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OCR
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert gOCR] 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos-files.net/categories/office/text Tesseract] 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text Editing
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Jano Editor (already installed as Editor), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit EdiSyn], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit Annotate], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Vim], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd] [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd src], [ NoWinEd], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/TurboText20 TurboText20 ttx], Annotate, MicroGoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Protext*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Notepad, Annotate, CygnusED*, NoWinED, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MorphOS ED, NoWinED, GoldED/CubicIDE*, CygnusED*, Annotate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Office Fonts [http://sourceforge.net/projects/fontforge/files/fontforge-source/ Font Designer] 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;TypeSmith*, SaxonScript (GetFont Adobe Type 1), 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Drawing Vector
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/amifig/ ZuneFIG previously AmiFIG]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Drawstudio*, ProVector*, ArtExpression*, Professional Draw*, AmiFIG, MetaView, [https://gitlab.com/amigasourcecodepreservation/designworks Design Works Src], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MindSpace, [http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit amifig], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SteamDraw, [http://aminet.net/package/gfx/edit/amifig amiFIG], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;video conferencing (jitsi) 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;source code hosting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Gitlab, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (server)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Server ArosVNCServer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/avnc/index.html AVNC]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://s.guillard.free.fr/AmiVNC/AmiVNC.htm AmiVNC] 
|MorphVNC, vncserver
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Remote Desktop (client) login and connect to another machine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/zunetools/files/VNC_Client/ ArosVNC], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=network/misc rdesktop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://dspach.free.fr/amiga/vva/index.html VVA], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|[http://twinvnc.free.fr/index.php?menu=01&amp;lang=eng TwinVNC], [http://www.hd-zone.com/ RDesktop]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;notifications 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Ranchero 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Ringhio 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MagicBeacon 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Biometric facial logins and fingerprint security features 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Audio==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Audio
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing playback Audio like MP3, [https://github.com/chrg127/gmplayer NSF], [https://github.com/kode54/lazyusf miniusf .usflib], [], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer], [ HarmonyPlayer hp], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/audio/index.xhtml playcdda] CDs, [ WildMidi Player], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ UADE mod player], [], [RNOTunes ], [ mp3Player], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNetRadio, AmigaAmp, playOGG, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;TuneNet, SimplePlay, AmigaAmp, TKPlayer
|AmiNetRadio, Mplayer, Kaya, AmigaAmp
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Audio 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Audio Evolution 4] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Samplitude Opus Key], [https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec Src], [http://www.sonicpulse.de/eng/news.html SoundFX], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/projects/hd-rec/ HD-Rec], AmiSoundED, [http://os4depot.net/?function=showfile&amp;file=audio/record/audioevolution4.lha Audio Evolution 4] 
|[http://www.hd-rec.de/HD-Rec/index.php?site=home HD-Rec], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Tracker Music
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/hitchhikr/protrekkr Protrekkr], [ Schism Tracker], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/tracker MilkyTracker], [http://www.hivelytracker.com/ HivelyTracker], [ Radium in AROS already],  [http://www.a500.org/downloads/development/index.xhtml libMikMod], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, DigiBooster, Octamed SoundStudio, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;MilkyTracker, HivelyTracker, GoatTracker
|MilkyTracker, GoatTracker, DigiBooster, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Editing Music [], [https://github.com/kmatheussen/camd CAMD] and/or staves and notes manuscript 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars and Pipes for AROS], [ Audio Evolution], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars'n'Pipes], MusicX* David &quot;Talin&quot; Joiner &amp; Craig Weeks (for Notator-X), Deluxe Music Construction 2*, [https://github.com/timoinutilis/midi-sequencer-amigaos Horny c Src], HD-Rec, [https://aminet.net/package/mus/midi/dominatorV1_51 Dominator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Rockbeat, [http://bnp.hansfaust.de/download.html Bars'n'Pipes], [http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit Horny], Audio Evolution 4, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Bars'n'Pipes, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Sound Sampling 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/record Audio Evolution 4], [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;did=162 Quick Record], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc SOX to get AIFF 16bit files], [https://github.com/aros-development-team/AROS/tree/master/workbench/tools/AHIRecord AHIRecord], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/AudioEvolution3_src Audio Evolution 3 c src], [ Samplitude-MS Opus Key], Audiomaster IV*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://github.com/timoinutilis/phonolith-amigaos phonolith c src], HD-Rec, Audio Evolution 4,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[https://sourceforge.net/p/hd-rec/code/HEAD/tree/ HD-Rec Src], Audio Evolution 4,
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Live Looping or Audio Misc - Groovebox like
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD burn
|[https://code.google.com/p/amiga-fryingpan/ FryingPan], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;FryingPan, [http://www.estamos.de/makecd/#CurrentVersion MakeCD], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FryingPan, AmiDVD, 
|[http://www.amiga.org/forums/printthread.php?t=58736 FryingPan], Jalopeano, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;CD/DVD audio rip
|Lame, [http://www.imica.net/SitePortalPage.aspx?siteid=1&amp;cfid=0&amp;did=167 Quick CDrip],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Lame,  
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Lame, 
|Lame,  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;MP3 v1 and v2 Tagger
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;id3ren (v1), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/edit mp3info], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Audio Convert
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc Sox], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBox SoundBox], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/misc/SoundBoxKey SoundBox Key], [http://aminet.net/package/mus/edit/SampleE SampleE], sox 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;DJ mixing jamming 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Radio Automation Software [http://www.rivendellaudio.org/ Rivendell], [http://code.campware.org/projects/livesupport/report/3 Campware LiveSupport], [http://www.sourcefabric.org/en/airtime/ SourceFabric AirTime], [http://www.ohloh.net/p/mediabox404 MediaBox404], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speakers Audio Sonos Mains AC networked wired controlled 
*2005 ZP100 with ZP80 
*2008 Zoneplayer ZP120 (multi-room wireless amp)  ZP90 receiver only with CR100 controller, 
*2009 ZonePlayer S5, 
*2010 BR100 wireless Bridge (no support),   
*2011 Play:3
*2013 Bridge (no support), Play:1,  
*2016 Arc,   Play:1,   
*Beam (Gen 2),   Playbar,  Ray,   Era 100,   Era 300,   Roam,   Move 2,   
*Sub (Gen 3),   Sub Mini,  Five,  Amp  S2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;SonosController 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;SonosController
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;SonosController
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Smart Speakers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]

==Video Creativity and Production==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Video
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing Video 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/play Mplayer VAMP], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml CDXL player], [http://www.a500.org/downloads/video/index.xhtml IffAnimPlay], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frogger*, AMP2, MPlayer, RiVA*, MooViD*, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DvPlayer, MPlayer 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;MPlayer, Frogger, AMP2, VLC 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Streaming Video and game streaming like OBS studio, Parsec, [https://github.com/lizardbyte/sunshine sunshine], [https://github.com/moonlight-stream/moonlight-qt moonlight], etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Mplayer, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Mplayer, Gnash, Tubexx 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer, OWB, Tubexx
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Playing DVD 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, Mplayer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AMP2, Frogger 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://a-mc.biz/ AMC]*, DvPlayer*, AMP2,  
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Mplayer 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Recording
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=video/record Screenrecorder], [ ], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Screenrecorder, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Create and Edit Individual Video NLE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Mencoder], [ Quick Videos], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/edit AVIbuild], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc FrameBuild], FFMPEG, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ MainConcept Mainactor Broadcast*], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_Toaster Video Toaster*], MacroSystem MovieShop 4.3*, proDAD Adorage*, [ IOSpirit VHI studio]*, [Gold Disk ShowMaker], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;FFMpeg/GUI 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Blender, Mencoder, FFmpeg
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Subtitle editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/text/edit/Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0 Slarti_Arosx86ABIv0], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;IP-based video production workflows with High Dynamic Range (HDR), 10-bit color collaborative NDI, 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Blogging like Lemmy or kbin
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR face recognition for Vtubers 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting Live 2D models with Cubism type editor 
&lt;pre&gt;
Model data (cmo3)
Basic motions (can3)
Background image (png)
Set of files for embedding (runtime folder)
• Model data (moc3)
• Motion data (motion3.json)
• Model settings file (model3.json)
• Physics settings file (physics3.json)
• Display auxiliary file (cdi3.json)
&lt;/pre&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;VR chatting chatters .VRML models - standardized 3D file format for VR avatars 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;V-tubers V-tubing like Vseeface with Openseeface tracker or Vpuppr (virtual puppet project) for 2d / 3d art models rigging rigged LIV 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.

[[#top|...to the top]]


==Misc Application==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1 (68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Management 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus4, [https://github.com/BlitterStudio/dopus5 DOpus Magellan aka DOpus 5], [ Scalos], [ ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;DOpus2, DOpus 4, [http://sourceforge.net/projects/dopus5allamigas/files/?source=navbar DOpus Magellan DOpus5], ClassAction, FileMaster, [http://www.amiga.org/forums/showthread.php?t=4897 DirWork 2]*, [https://github.com/RudolphRiedel/DiskMaster2 DiskMaster2 src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;DOpus4, DOpus5, Filer, AmiDisk 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;DOpus4, DOpus5 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;File Verification / Repair 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;md5 (works in linux compiling shell), [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/filetool workpar2] (PAR2),  [http://zakalwe.fi/~shd/foss/cksfv/files/ compile cksfv from website], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Par2, 
|-
|Application Installer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [ InstallerNG], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;InstallerNG, Grunch, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Jack
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Jack 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Compression archiver [https://github.com/FS-make-simple/paq9a paq9a], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;XAD system is a toolkit designed for handling various file and disk archiver
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[https://aminet.net/package/util/pack/decrunchmania_os4 Crunchmania CrM2 depacker], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Binary Hexadecimal Editor 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/edit Zaphod], [],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Repository
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Git]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Git
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Partition Editor formatter Disk Management
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1440&amp;highlight=partition&amp;pid=8821#post_8821 QuickPart], [ HDToolBox]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Filesystem Repair
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;ArSFSDoctor, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; Quarterback Tools, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Multiple File renaming
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;DOpus 4 or 5, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Anti Virus
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;VChecker, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Random Wallpaper Desktop changer [ DOpus5], [ Scalos],  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Alarm Clock, Timer, Stopwatch, Countdown 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/workbench DClock], [http://aminet.net/util/time/AlarmClockAROS.lha AlarmClock], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fortune Cookie Quotes Sayings 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/misc AFortune], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;C/C++ IDE 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/text/edit FrexxEd], [https://github.com/vidarh/FrexxEd FrexxEd src], Annotate, Murks, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Annotate, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;CodeBench , [https://gitlab.com/boemann/codecraft CodeCraft], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://devplex.awardspace.biz/cubic/index.html Cubic IDE]*, Anontate, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Computer Languages Translation [https://tetracorp.github.io/guide/reverse-engineering-amiga.html ], [https://amigasourcecodepreservation.gitlab.io/amiga-assembler-insider-guide/ ], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://bitbucket.org/rhinoid/convert68000toc/src/main/ convert m68k seka asm-one to c], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Gui Creators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/guitool MuiBuilder], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ MuiBuilder],  
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Catalog .cd .ct Editors 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;FlexCat
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/dev/misc/simplecat SimpleCat], FlexCat
|[http://www.geit.de/deu_simplecat.html SimpleCat], FlexCat
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Misc Application 2==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;System 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ SysExplorer], [ SysMon], [ Scout], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;OSK On Screen Keyboard
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://aminet.net/util/wb/OSK.lha OSK]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Magnifier Magnifying Glass Magnification 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://www.onyxsoft.se/files/zoomit.lha ZoomIT], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Comic Book CBR CBZ format reader viewer 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comics], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/viewer comicon], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Reader 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#legadon Legadon EPUB],[]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Ebook Converter 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Text to Speech tts [https://github.com/JonathanFly/bark-installer Bark], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=audio/misc flite], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.text2speech.com translator], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=search&amp;tool=simple FLite]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://se.aminet.net/pub/aminet/mus/misc/ FLite]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Recognition Dictation - [http://sourceforge.net/projects/cmusphinx/files/ CMU Sphinx], [http://julius.sourceforge.jp/en_index.php?q=en/index.html Julius], [http://www.isip.piconepress.com/projects/speech/index.html ISIP], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Speech Voice Changer [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Screen Display Blanker screensaver 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Blanker Commodity (built in), [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/screenblanker GarshneBlanker], [http://sourceforge.net/projects/gblanker/ GBlanker Src], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;MultiCX, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;ModernArt Blanker, 
|-
|}


==Misc Application 3==
{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:30%;|Misc Application
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|Commodore-Amiga OS 3.1(68k)
!width:10%;|Hyperion OS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Fractals mandelbrot, etc 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/misc ], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;ZoneXplorer, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Landscape Rendering 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/raytrace WCS World Construction Set], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Vista Pro], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Construction_Set World Construction Set]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[ WCS World Construction Set],
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astronomy [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skychart/ skychart freepascal], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Digital Almanac (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/search?query=planetarium Aminet search], [http://aminet.net/misc/sci/DA3V56ISO.zip Digital Almanac], [https://aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3sourceV58 Src c V58], [ Galileo renamed to Distant Suns]*, [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://sourceforge.net/projects/digital-almanac/ Digital Almanac], Distant Suns*, [http://www.digitaluniverse.org.uk/ Digital Universe]*,
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://www.aminet.net/misc/sci/da3.lha Digital Almanac], [http://www.aminet.net/package/misc/sci/da3-mos-src Src c V56], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Astrology [https://sourceforge.net/projects/skylendar/ skylendar], [https://github.com/CruiserOne/Astrolog Astrolog], [https://www.astrolog.org/astrolog/astfile.htm Astrology alt site], [https://saravali.github.io/download.html Maitreya], [https://github.com/alamahant/Asteria Asteria], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;PCB design
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt; 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Digital Signage
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Hollywood, Hollywood Designer 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Genealogy History Family Tree Ancestry Records (FreeBMD, FreeREG, and FreeCEN file formats or GEDCOM GenTree)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt; [ Origins], [ Your Family Tree], [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Languages 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Fun School, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Mathematics ([http://www-fourier.ujf-grenoble.fr/~parisse/install_en.html Xcas], etc.), 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/scientific mathX] 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Maple V, mathX, Fun School, GCSE Maths, [ ], [ ], [ ], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Yacas 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Yacas 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Maths Graph Function Plotting
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://blog.alb42.de/programs/#MUIPlot MUIPlot], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;App Utility Launcher Dock toolbar  
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=utility/docky BoingBar], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/adkennan/DockBot Dockbot],
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;3D Printer [https://github.com/OrcaSlicer/OrcaSlicer OrcaSlicer]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;BASIC Computer Language 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/language Basic4SDL], [ Ace Basic], [ X-AMOS], [SDLBasic], [ Alvyn], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.amiforce.de/main.php Amiblitz 3], [http://amos.condor.serverpro3.com/AmosProManual/contents/c1.html Amos Pro], [http://aminet.net/package/dev/basic/ace24dist ACE Basic], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;sdlBasic
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;HAM amateur radio  [], [], [], [https://cemaxecuter.com/ Dragon OS], [https://github.com/km4ack/73Linux with 73 link update], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YAL5KNePRSg video for], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://www.amigarealm.com/amiga/amicomms/comm4.htm Comm4], [https://www.amigarealm.com/archives/comms/aarug/ TNC Terminal Node Controller with packets over serial connections on Yaesu or Woxum handheld], [https://aminet.net/comm/misc AmiCom], [ with 7Plus file encoder/decoder], [ mksstv], [ RTTYam], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

&lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt; Commercial product.


==Games &amp; Emulation==

Some emulators/games require OpenGL to function and to adjust ahi prefs channels, frequency and unit0 and unit1 and 
[http://aros.sourceforge.net/documentation/users/shell/changetaskpri.php changetaskpri -1]

Rom patching  https://www.marcrobledo.com/RomPatcher.js/ https://www.romhacking.net/patch/ (ips, ups, bps, etc) and this other site supports the latter formats https://hack64.net/tools/patcher.php 

Free public domain roms for use with emulators can be found [http://www.pdroms.de/ here] as most of the rest are covered by copyright rules. If you like to read about old games see [http://retrogamingtimes.com/ here] and [http://www.armchairarcade.com/neo/ here] and a [http://www.vintagecomputing.com/ blog] about old computers. Possibly some of the [http://www.answers.com/topic/list-of-best-selling-computer-and-video-games best selling] of all time. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators Wiki] with emulated systems list.

[https://archive.gamehistory.org/ Archive of VGHF], [https://library.gamehistory.org/ Video Game History Foundation Library search]


{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Emulation]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Amstrad CPC 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [ Caprice32 (OpenGL &amp; pure SDL)], [ Arnold], [https://retroshowcase.gr/cpcbox-master/], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Apple2 and 2GS
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Arcade 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Mame], [ SI Emu (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Mame, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem xmame], amiarcadia, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 Mame], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 2600 [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Stella], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 5200 [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A5200DS A5200DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 7800
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari 400 800 130XL [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/A8DS A8DS], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Atari800], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Lynx
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://myfreefilehosting.com/f/6366e11bdf_1.93MB Handy (ABIv0 only)], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Atari Jaguar
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Bandai Wonderswan 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation BBC Micro and Acorn Electron [http://beehttps://bem-unix.bbcmicro.com/download.html BeebEm], [http://b-em.bbcmicro.com/ B-Em], [http://elkulator.acornelectron.co.uk/ Elkulator], [http://electrem.emuunlim.com/ ElectrEm], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Dragon 32 and Tandy CoCo [http://www.6809.org.uk/xroar/ xroar], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C16 Plus4
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore C64
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Vice (ABIv0 only)], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Frodo, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem viceplus], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;Vice, 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Commodore Amiga
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Janus UAE], Emumiga, 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer UAE], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=2 UAE], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Japanese MSX MSX2 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Intelivision
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Mattel Colecovision and Adam
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Milton Bradley (MB) Vectrex [ Vectrex OpenGL], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation PICO8 Pico-8 fantasy video game console [https://github.com/egordorichev/pemsa-sdl/ pemsa-sdl], [https://github.com/jtothebell/fake-08 fake-08], [https://github.com/Epicpkmn11/fake-08/tree/wip fake-08 fork], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo Gameboy
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba no sound], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem vba]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo NES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ EmiNES], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Fceu], [https://github.com/takahirox/nes-js?tab=readme-ov-file nes-js], [https://github.com/bfirsh/jsnes jsnes], [https://github.com/angelo-wf/NesJs NesJs], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;AmiNES, [http://www.dridus.com/~nyef/darcnes/ darcNES], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem amines]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo SNES
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Zsnes], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem warpsnes]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://fabportnawak.free.fr/snes/ Snes9x], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Nintendo N64 
*HLE and plugins [ mupen64], [https://github.com/ares-emulator/ares ares], [https://github.com/N64Recomp/N64Recomp N64Recomp], [https://github.com/rt64/rt64 rt64], [https://github.com/simple64/simple64 Simple64], 
*LLE [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mupen64plus/ Mupen64+], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/tr-981125_src TR64], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Gamecube Wii]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Nintendo Wii U]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/yuzu-emu Nintendo Switch]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation NEC PC Engine 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[], [], [https://github.com/yhzmr442/jspce js-pce], 
|[http://www.hugo.fr.fm/ Hugo], [http://mednafen.sourceforge.net/ Mednafen], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem tgemu]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Master System (SMS)
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Dega], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem sms], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem osmose]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Genesis/Megadrive
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gp no sound], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem DGen], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/genplus-gx/ Genplus], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem genesisplus]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Saturn 
*HLE [https://mednafen.github.io/ mednafen], [http://yabause.org/ yabause], [], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://yabause.org/ Yabause], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sega Dreamcast 
*HLE [https://github.com/flyinghead/flycast  flycast], [https://code.google.com/archive/p/nulldc/downloads NullDC], 
*LLE [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;?
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair Spectrum 
|[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Fuse (crackly sound)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer SimCoupe], [ FBZX slow], [https://jsspeccy.zxdemo.org/ jsspeccy], [http://torinak.com/qaop/games qaop], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://www.lasernet.plus.com/ Asp], [http://www.zophar.net/sinclair.html Speculator], [http://www.worldofspectrum.org/x128/index.html X128], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sinclair QL
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/QDOS4amiga1 QDOS4amiga]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation SNK NeoGeo Pocket
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem gngeo], NeoPop, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation Sony PlayStation
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem FPSE]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS2]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[ Sony PS3]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://vita3k.org/ Sony Vita]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;[https://github.com/shadps4-emu/shadPS4 PS4]
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangerine_Computer_Systems Tangerine] Oric and Atmos 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer Oricutron]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.os4depot.net/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/gamesystem Oricutron]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/oricutron Oricutron]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 99/4 99/4A [https://github.com/wavemotion-dave/DS994a DS994a], [], [https://js99er.net/#/ js99er], [], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga TI4Amiga], [http://aminet.net/package/misc/emu/TI4Amiga_src TI4Amiga src in c], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/computer], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation HP 38G 40GS 48 49G/50G Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Emulation TI 58 83 84 85 86 - 89 92 Graphing Calculators
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|}

{|  class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; 
|- 
!width:10%;|Games [https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/ General]
!width:10%;|AROS(x86)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS3(68k)
!width:10%;|AmigaOS4(PPC)
!width:10%;|MorphOS(PPC)
|- style=&quot;background:lightgrey; text-align:center; font-weight:bold;&quot;
| Games [https://www.trackawesomelist.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games/ Open Source and others] || AROS || Amiga OS || Amiga OS4 || Morphos 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Action like [https://github.com/opentomb/OpenTomb opentomb], [https://github.com/LostArtefacts/TRX TRX formerly Tomb1Main], [https://github.com/TombEngine TombEngine], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Thrust], [https://github.com/fragglet/sdl-sopwith sdl sopwith], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action BOH], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/OpenLara/tree/amiga/src source of openlara SDL2], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Adventure like [http://dotg.sourceforge.net/ DMJ], [https://github.com/kromenak/gengine Gabriel Knight 3], [http://www.sarien.net/ Sierra Sarien], [https://github.com/klembot/twinejs twine js], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/adventure dmagnetic], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=browse&amp;cat=emulation/misc ScummVM], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying frotz infocom], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Board like [https://github.com/aperture-software/colditz-escape escape from colditz], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/board], [http://amigan.1emu.net/releases Africa]
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Cards 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/card ], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;[http://home.arcor.de/amigasolitaire/e/welcome.html Reko], [https://github.com/samskivert/beschei-en beschei Src], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Misc [https://github.com/michelpereira/awesome-open-source-games Awesome open], [https://github.com/bobeff/open-source-games General Open Source], [https://github.com/SAT-R/sa2 Sonic Advance 2], [https://github.com/velorek1/cwordle Wordle type], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games FPS like [https://aminet.net/package/game/shoot/D1X_Rebirth_AGA Descent D1X src], [https://github.com/DescentDevelopers/Descent3 Descent 3], [https://github.com/Fewnity/Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS Counter-Strike-Nintendo-DS], [https://github.com/Aleph-One-Marathon/alephone Bungie Marathon 1994], [https://zdoom.org/downloads UzDoom opengl 3.3], [https://github.com/ZDoom/gzdoom gzdoom opengl 3+], [https://zdoom.org/downloads LZDoom opengl 2.1], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;Doom, Quake, [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Quake 3 Arena (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Assault Cube (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Cube 2 Sauerbraten (OpenGL)], [http://fodquake.net/test/ FodQuake QuakeWorld], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Duke Nukem 3D], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Darkplaces Nexuiz Xonotic], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Doom 3 SDL (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Hexenworld and Hexen 2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Aliens vs Predator Gold 2000 avp (openGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/fps Odamex (openGL doom)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ zgloom], [], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/fps/ ab3dhd], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;Doom, Quake, AB3D, Fears, Breathless, Gloom, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;Doom, Quake, 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12 Doom], Quake, Quake 3 Arena, [https://github.com/OpenXRay/xray-16 S.T.A.L.K.E.R Xray]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games MMORG like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Eternal Lands (OpenGL)],
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Platform like 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform], [ Maze of Galious], [ Gish]*(openGL), [ Mega Mario], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ thextech SMBX], [http://www.gianas-return.de/ Giana's Return], [http://www.sqrxz.de/ Sqrxz], [www.sqrxz2.de/ Sqrxz 2], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-3/ Sqrxz 3], [http://www.sqrxz.de/sqrxz-4/ Sqrxz 4], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/platform Cave Story], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Frogatto], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ OpenJazz], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ pekkakana2], [ Aquaria], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/platform/ sonic CD], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;[ Giana Sisters], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Puzzle [https://github.com/mariopartyrd/marioparty4/tree/port Party], [https://github.com/mdodis/OpenSolomonsKey OpenSolomonsKey], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle], [ Cubosphere (OpenGL)], [http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/puzzle Candy Crisis], [http://bszili.morphos.me/ TailTale], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Racing [ Trigger Rally], [ VDrift], [http://www.ultimatestunts.nl/index.php?page=2&amp;lang=en Ultimate Stunts], [http://maniadrive.raydium.org/ Mania Drive], [https://github.com/plowteam/donut Simpsons Hit and Run], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[ Super Tux Kart (OpenGL)], [http://www.dusabledanslherbe.eu/AROSPage/F1Spirit.30.html F1 Spirit (OpenGL)], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html MultiRacer], [https://bszili.morphos.me/ Speed Dreams], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html Speed Dreams], 
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12], [http://bszili.morphos.me/index.html TORCS], 
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 1st first person DRPG [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/OpenEnroth/OpenEnroth OpenEnroth MM], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://github.com/BSzili/aros-stuff Arx Libertatis], [http://www.playfuljs.com/a-first-person-engine-in-265-lines/ js raycaster], [https://github.com/Dorthu/es6-crpg webgl], [https://github.com/sonountaleban/AmiShockolate System Shock], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;Phantasie, Faery Tale, Dungeon Master, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 3rd third person action CRPG  [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/alexbatalov/fallout1-ce fallout ce], [https://github.com/rwengine/openrw gta3], [https://github.com/gta-reversed/gta-reversed gta3 sa], [https://github.com/mrxenginner/reVC gta3 vc revc], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ fheroes2 homm2], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ breakhack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ devilutionx diablo 1 hellfire], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/roleplaying/ fallout 1], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ stratagus], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ hostile-takeover], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games isometric RPG [https://sourceforge.net/projects/sumwars/ Summoning Wars], [https://www.solarus-games.org/ Solarus], [https://wiki.rpg.net/index.php/Open_Game_Systems Misc], [https://github.com/topics/dungeon?l=javascript Dungeon], [], [https://github.com/clintbellanger/heroine-dusk JS Dusk], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying nethack], [https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/roleplaying GemRB], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games card based RPG [https://github.com/open-duelyst/duelyst Duelyst], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games turn based tactics RPG [], [], [], [], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy UFO AI], [http://play.freeciv.org/ FreeCiv], [], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Strategy [http://rtsgus.org/ RTSgus], [http://stargus.sourceforge.net/ Stargus], [https://github.com/KD-lab-Open-Source/Perimeter Perimeter], [https://matty77.itch.io/conflict-3049 conflict-3049], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/strategy MegaGlest (OpenGL)], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/strategy/ signus], [https://www.arosworld.org/infusions/forum/viewthread.php?thread_id=1443&amp;rowstart=140&amp;pid=12446#post_12446 Wargus warcraft 2 setup], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Rhythm, Beat, Step [], [], [https://clonehero.net/ clonehero], [https://github.com/MatteoGodzilla/Dj-Engine Dj-Engine], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/misc Frets on Fire], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Shoot Em Ups [http://www.mhgames.org/oldies/formido/ Formido], [http://code.google.com/p/violetland/ Violetland], 
||&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=game/action Open Tyrian], [http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ Alien Blaster], [https://github.com/OpenFodder/openfodder OpenFodder], [https://archives.arosworld.org/?function=showfile&amp;file=game/action/ tbftss The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--AmigaOS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;[http://www.parallelrealities.co.uk/projects/starfighter.php Starfighter], [ The Battle for the Solar System: the Pandora War]
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Simulations [http://scp.indiegames.us/ Freespace 2], [http://www.heptargon.de/gl-117/gl-117.html GL117], [http://code.google.com/p/corsix-th/ Theme Hospital], [http://code.google.com/p/freerct/ Rollercoaster Tycoon], [http://hedgewars.org/ Hedgewars], [https://github.com/raceintospace/raceintospace raceintospace], [https://github.com/Return-To-The-Roots RTTR Settlers 2], [https://github.com/OoliteProject/oolite oolite elite], [https://github.com/fesh0r/newkind newkind elite], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;SimCity, SimAnt, Sim Hospital, Theme Park, 
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;[http://morphos.lukysoft.cz/en/vypis.php?kat=12]
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Life Sim [https://github.com/ACreTeam/forest Animal Crossing], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Horror [https://github.com/Mikompilation/MikuPan Fatal Frame], [ ], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Sandbox Voxel Open World Exploration [https://github.com/ClassiCube/ Classicube],[http://www.michaelfogleman.com/craft/ Craft], [https://github.com/tothpaul/DelphiCraft DelphiCraft],[https://www.minetest.net/ Luanti formerly Minetest], [ infiniminer], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Battle Royale [https://bruh.io/ Play.Bruh.io], [https://www.coolmathgames.com/0-copter Copter Royale], [https://surviv.io/ Surviv.io], [https://nuggetroyale.io/#Ketchup Nugget Royale], [https://miniroyale2.io/ Miniroyale2.io], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Tower Defense [https://chriscourses.github.io/tower-defense/ HTML5], [https://github.com/SBardak/Tower-Defense-Game TD C++], [https://github.com/bdoms/love_defense LUA and LOVE], [https://github.com/HyOsori/Osori-WebGame HTML5], [https://github.com/PascalCorpsman/ConfigTD ConfigTD Pascal], [https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/wine-ge-custom Wine], []
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Visual Novel Engines [https://github.com/Kirilllive/tuesday-js Tuesday JS], [ Lua + LOVE], [https://github.com/weetabix-su/renpsp-dev RenPSP], [https://github.com/Galladite27/ONScripter-EN ONScripter-EN], [https://www.renpy.org/ renpy ren'py], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Reality VR [https://gitlab.com/madsbuvi/openmw openmw vr], [https://github.com/Team-Beef-Studios/BeefRaiderXR BeefRaiderXR], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Table Top VTT [ Roll20], [https://www.owlbear.rodeo/ owlbear rodeo], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Computer assisted TableTop TTRPG OSR [https://www.rpgsolo.com/play.php RPGSolo], [https://github.com/fpsvogel/solo-ttrpgs Solo TTRPG], [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games 2D 3D Engines [https://github.com/fegennari/3DWorld 3DWorld], [https://github.com/GarageGames/Torque3D Torque3D], [https://github.com/gameplay3d/GamePlay GamePlay 3D],  [https://www.babylonjs.com/ BabylonJS ], [ Godot], [ Ogre], [ Crystal Space], [https://github.com/JacobHess03/ Dragon-Quest like], [https://github.com/bjornbytes/lovr Lua LOVE for 2D LOVR for 3D], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[https://www.arkhamdev.net/wiki.htm?id=agx Arkham Development antiryadgx 8.9 lts with register], [], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games C based game frameworks [https://github.com/orangeduck/Corange Corange], [https://github.com/scottcgi/Mojoc Mojoc], [https://orx-project.org/ Orx], [https://github.com/ioquake/ioq3 Quake 3], [https://www.mapeditor.org/ Tiled], [https://www.raylib.com/ 2d Raylib], [https://github.com/Rabios/awesome-raylib other raylib], [https://github.com/MrFrenik/gunslinger Gunslinger], [https://o3de.org/ o3d], [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library GLFW], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;[http://archives.arosworld.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=development/library Raylib 5], 
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games RPGMaker MV/MZ-compatible projects [https://github.com/Psychronic-Games/RPGReactor RPGReactor js],
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games Virtual Pinball [https://github.com/vpinball/vpinball vpinball], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|-
|&lt;!--Sub Menu--&gt;Games unpack unarc [], [], 
|&lt;!--AROS--&gt;
|&lt;!--Amiga OS--&gt;
|&lt;!--AmigaOS4--&gt;
|&lt;!--MorphOS--&gt;
|}


==Application Guides==

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Web Browser===

OWB is now at version 2.0 (which got an engine refresh, from July 2015 to February 2019) and 3.0.

This latest version has a good support for many/most web sites, even YouTube web page now works. 

This improved compatibility comes at the expense of higher RAM usage (now 1GB RAM is the absolute minimum). 

Also, keep in mind that the lack of a JIT (Just-In-Time) JS compiler on the 32 bit version, makes the web surfing a bit slow. 

Only the 64 bit version of OWB 2.0 will have JIT enabled, thus benefitting of more speed. There are tooltypes that can be added to the icon to provide further features JIT, MSE etc 


Certificates from [https://curl.se/docs/caextract.html ca certs], 


DNS tracking blocking with [https://easylist.to/easylist/easylist.txt easylist.txt] in PROGDIR:Conf before starting browser with enabled AdBlock [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/tree/master easylist], [https://gitlab.com/eyeo anti abp], [https://firebog.net/ big blocklist], [https://github.com/StevenBlack/hosts Steves], [], [], 

This can be enabled with OWB Odyssey with Windows -&gt; Content Blocking and Windows -&gt; Messages and enter 

 https://www.youtube.com/api/stats/ads*
 https://www.youtube.com/pagead/adview*
 https://www.youtube.com#@##player-ads*

into your custom filters 


Element blocker browser extension might be needed for [https://github.com/easylist/easylist/wiki/Youtube-Issues youtube], [ mid roll], [ pre roll], [ ],  


OWB speed is much better when running from RAM Disk, the best way is to add the below into your S:User-Startup which copies OWB drawer from Extras:Internet/OWB to RAM Disk: 

So add this :
&lt;pre&gt;
copy Extras:Internet/OWB Ram:OWB/ ALL CLONE &gt;NIL:
copy Extras:Internet/OWB.info Ram: &gt;NIL:
&lt;/pre&gt;
Open RAM Disk and open OWB drawer and double click on OWB icon so that the above icon tooltypes are activated 

Problems are that the copy time is long (around 20 seconds added in the background), but we can make it faster if we delete useless files from the OWB drawer (docs, …)
If you don’t copy the drawer back onto the HD, you won’t save your cache, cookies, passwords… So you need a script for it.


Error messages 

SSL error &quot;cant verify with ca-certificates&quot;, check bios clock time date is correct 

Error 6, try checking networking prefs settings and Save / Use preferences again or a '''few times''' otherwise the network chipset may not be compatible with Aros 


[https://www.google.com/search?q=%s&amp;udm=14 Google search without AI overview] 


===E-mail===

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections


====SimpleMail====

SimpleMail supports IMAP and appears to work with GMail, but it's never been reliable enough, it can crash with large mailboxes.

Please read more on this [http://www.freelists.org/list/simplemail-usr User list]


 GMail

Be sure to activate the pop3 usage in your gmail account setup / configuration first.

pop3: 
pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

smtp:
smtp.gmail.com (with authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 465 or 587


 Hotmail/MSN/outlook/Microsoft Mail mid-2017, all outlook.com accounts will be migrated to Office 365 / Exchange

Most users are currently on POP which does not allow showing folders and many other features (technical limitations of POP3). With Microsoft IMAP you will get folders, sync read/unread, and show flags. You still won't get push though, as Microsoft has not turned on the IMAP Idle command as at Sept 2013.

If you want to try it, you need to first remove (you can't edit) your pop account (long-press the account on the accounts screen, delete account). Then set it up this way:

1. Email/Password
2. Manual
3. IMAP
4.

* Incoming: imap-mail.outlook.com, port 993, SSL/TLS should be checked
* Outgoing: smtp-mail.outlook.com, port 587, SSL/TLS should be checked
* POP server name pop-mail.outlook.com, port 995, POP encryption method SSL

 Yahoo  Mail

On April 24, 2002 Yahoo ceased to offer POP access to its free mail service. Introducing instead a yearly payment feature, allowing users POP3 and IMAP server support, along with such benefits as larger file attachment sizes and no adverts.

Sorry to see Yahoo leaving its users to cough up for the privilege of accessing their mail. Understandable, when competing against rivals such as Gmail and Hotmail who hold a large majority of users and were hacked in 2014 as well.


Incoming Mail (IMAP) Server

* Server - imap.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 993
* Requires SSL - Yes

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server

* Server - smtp.mail.yahoo.com
* Port - 465 or 587
* Requires SSL - Yes
* Requires authentication - Yes

Your login info

* Email address - Your full email address (name@domain.com)
* Password - Your account's password
* Requires authentication - Yes


Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a subscription subs fee to have access to SMTP and POP3

* Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
* “Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
* “Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
* “Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

* Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.


====YAM Yet Another Mailer====

 YAM does not support SSL and most mail providers have now switched to encrypted SMTP/POP3 connections

This email client is POP3 only if the SSL library is available [http://www.freelists.org/list/yam YAM Freelists]

One of the downsides of using a POP3 mailer unfortunately - you have to set an option not to delete the mail if you want it left on the server. IMAP keeps all the emails on the server.

Possible issues

Sending mail issues is probably a matter of using your ISP's SMTP server, though it could also be an SSL issue.


getting a &quot;Couldn't initialise TLSv1 / SSL error

Use of on-line e-mail accounts with this email client is not possible as it lacks the OpenSSL AmiSSl v3 compatible library

 GMail 
Incoming Mail (POP3) Server - requires SSL: pop.gmail.com
Use SSL: Yes
Port: 995

Outgoing Mail (SMTP) Server - requires TLS: smtp.gmail.com (use authentication)
Use Authentication: Yes
Use STARTTLS: Yes (some clients call this SSL)
Port: 465 or 587

Account Name: your Gmail username (including '@gmail.com')
Email Address: your full Gmail email address (username@gmail.com)
Password: your Gmail password

Anyway, the SMTP is pop.gmail.com port 465 and it uses SSLLv3 Authentication. The POP3 settings are for the same server (pop.gmail.com), only on port 995 instead.


 Outlook.com access

&lt;pre &gt;
Outlook.com SMTP server address: smtp.live.com
Outlook.com SMTP user name: Your full Outlook.com email address (not an alias)
Outlook.com SMTP password: Your Outlook.com password
Outlook.com SMTP port: 587
Outlook.com SMTP TLS/SSL encryption required: yes 
&lt;/pre &gt;


 Yahoo  Mail

&lt;pre &gt;
“POP3 Server” – Set the POP server for incoming mails as pop.mail.yahoo.com. You will have to enable “SSL” and use 995 for Port.
“SMTP Server” – Set the SMTP server for outgoing mails as smtp.mail.yahoo.com. You will also have to make sure that “SSL” is enabled and use 465 for port. you must also enable “authentication” for this to work.
“Account Name or Login Name” – Your Yahoo Mail ID i.e. your email address without the domain “@yahoo.com”.
“Email Address” – Your Yahoo Mail address i.e. your email address including the domain “@yahoo.com”. E.g. myname@yahoo.com
“Password” – Your Yahoo Mail password.
&lt;/pre &gt;

Yahoo! Mail Plus users may have to set POP server as plus.pop.mail.yahoo.com and SMTP server as plus.smtp.mail.yahoo.com.

Note that you need to enable “Web &amp; POP Access” in your Yahoo Mail account to send and receive Yahoo Mail messages through any other email program.

You will have to enable “Allow your Yahoo Mail to be POPed” under “POP and Forwarding”, to send and receive Yahoo mails through any other email client.

Cannot be done since 2002 unless the customer pays Yahoo a monthly fee to have access to SMTP and POP3


 Microsoft Outlook Express Mail 

1. Get the files to your PC.
By whatever method get the files off your Amiga onto your PC. In the YAM folder you have a number of different folders, one for each of your folders in YAM. Inside that is a file usually some numbers such as 332423.283. YAM created a new file for every single email you received.

2. Open up a brand new Outlook Express. Just configure the account to use 127.0.0.1 as mail servers. It doesn't really matter. You will need to manually create any subfolders you used in YAM.

3. You will need to do a mass rename on all your email files from YAM. Just add a .eml to the end of it. Amazing how PCs still rely mostly on the file name so it knows what sort of file it is rather than just looking at it! There are a number of multiple renamers online to download and free too.

4. Go into each of your folders, inbox, sent items etc. And do a select all then drag the files into Outlook Express (to the relevant folder obviously) Amazingly the file format that YAM used is very compatible with .eml standard and viola your emails appear. With correct dates and working attachments.

5. If you want your email into Microsoft Outlook. Open that up and create a new profile and a new blank PST file. Then go into File Import and choose to import from Outlook Express. And the mail will go into there. And viola.. you have your old email from your Amiga in a more modern day format.


===FTP===

Magellan has a great FTP module. It allows transferring files from/to a FTP server over the Internet or the local network and, even if FTP is perceived as a &quot;thing of the past&quot;, its usability is all inside the client. The FTP thing has a nice side effect too, since every Icaros machine can be a FTP server as well, and our files can be easily transferred from an Icaros machine to another with a little configuration effort.

First of all, we need to know the 'server' IP address. Server is the Icaros machine with the file we are about to download on another Icaros machine, that we're going to call 'client'. To do that, move on the server machine and 1) run Prefs/Services to be sure &quot;FTP file transfer&quot; is enabled (if not, enable it and restart Icaros); 2) run a shell and enter this command:

ifconfig -a

Make a note of the IP address for the network interface used by the local area network. For cabled devices, it usually is net0:. Now go on the client machine and run Magellan:

Perform these actions: 1) click on FTP; 2) click on ADDRESS BOOK; 3) click on &quot;New&quot;. 
You can now add a new entry for your Icaros server machine:

1) Choose a name for your server, in order to spot it immediately in the address book. Enter the IP address you got before.

2) click on Custom Options:


1) go to Miscellaneous in the left menu;

2) Ensure &quot;Passive Transfers&quot; is NOT selected;

3) click on Use. We need to deactivate Passive Transfers because YAFS, the FTP server included in Icaros, only allows active transfers at the current stage. Now, we can finally connect to our new file source:


1) Look into the address book for the newly introduced server, be sure that name and IP address are right, and

2) click on Connect. A new lister with server's &quot;MyWorkspace&quot; contents will appear. You can now transfer files over the network choosing a destination among your local (client's) volumes.

Can be adapted to any FTP client on any platform of your choice, just be sure your client allows Active Transfers as well.


===IRC Internet Relay Chat===

Jabberwocky is ideal for one-to-one social media communication, use IRC if you require one to many. 

Just type a message in ''lowercase''' letters and it will be posted to all in the [ AROS irc channel]. Please do not use UPPER CASE as it is a sign of SHOUTING which is annoying.

Other things to type in - replace &lt;message&gt; with a line of text and &lt;nick&gt; with a person's name

&lt;pre&gt;
/help

/list

/who
/whois &lt;nick&gt;

/msg &lt;nick&gt; &lt;message&gt;

/query &lt;nick&gt; 
&lt;message&gt;s
/query

/away &lt;message&gt;
/away

/quit &lt;going away message&gt; 
&lt;/pre&gt;


[http://irchelp.org/irchelp/new2irc.html#smiley Intro guide here]. IRC Primer can be found here in [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/ircprimer.html html], [http://www.irchelp.org/irchelp/text/ircprimer.txt TXT], [http://www.kei.com/irc/IRCprimer1.1.ps PostScript].


Issue the command /me &lt;text&gt; where &lt;text&gt; is the text that should follow your nickname.
Example: /me slaps ajk around a bit with a large trout

/nick &lt;newNick&gt;

/nickserv register &lt;password&gt; &lt;email address&gt;

/ns instead of /nickserv, while others might need /msg nickserv

/nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;

Alternatives:
/ns identify &lt;password&gt;
/msg nickserv identify &lt;password&gt;


==== IRC WookieChat ====

WookieChat is the most complete internet client for communication across the IRC Network. WookieChat allows you to swap ideas and communicate in real-time, you can also exchange Files, Documents, Images and everything else using the application's DCC capabilities.


add smilies drawer/directory

 run wookiechat from the shell and set stack to 1000000 e.g. wookiechat stack 1000000

select a server / server window

* nickname 
* user name 
* real name - optional

Once you configure the client with your preferred screen name, you'll want to find a channel to talk in.


servers

* New Server - click on this to add / add extra - change details in section below this click box 
* New Group
* Delete Entry
* Connect to server
* connect in new tab
* perform on connect

Change details

* Servername - change text in this box to one of the below Server: 
* Port number - no need to change
* Server password
* Channel - add #channel from below 
* auto join - can click this 
* nick registration password,

Click Connect to server button above


&lt;pre&gt;
Server: irc.freenode.net
Channel: #aros
&lt;/pre&gt;

irc://irc.freenode.net/aros

&lt;pre&gt;
Server: chat.amigaworld.net 
Channel: #amigaworld or #amigans 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
On Sunday evenings USA time usually starting around 3PM EDT (1900 UTC)
Server:irc.superhosts.net
Channel #team*amiga  
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
BitlBee and Minbif are IRCd-like gateways to multiple IM networks
Server: im.bitlbee.org 
Port 6667 
Seems to be most useful on WookieChat as you can be connected to several servers at once. One for Bitlbee and any messages that might come through that. One for your normal IRC chat server. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[http://www.bitlbee.org/main.php/servers.html Other servers],

&lt;pre&gt;
#Amiga.org - irc.synirc.net eu.synirc.net dissonance.nl.eu.synirc.net (IPv6: 2002:5511:1356:0:216:17ff:fe84:68a) 
twilight.de.eu.synirc.net zero.dk.eu.synirc.net us.synirc.net avarice.az.us.synirc.net envy.il.us.synirc.net harpy.mi.us.synirc.net 
liberty.nj.us.synirc.net snowball.mo.us.synirc.net - Ports 6660-6669 7001 (SSL)
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Multiple server support
&quot;Perform on connect&quot; scripts and channel auto-joins
Automatic Nickserv login
Tabs for channels and private conversations
CTCP PING, TIME, VERSION, SOUND
Incoming and Outgoing DCC SEND file transfers
Colours for different events
Logging and automatic reloading of logs
mIRC colour code filters
Configurable timestamps
GUI for changing channel modes easily
Configurable highlight keywords
URL Grabber window
Optional outgoing swear word filter
Event sounds for tabs opening, highlighted words, and private messages
DCC CHAT support
Doubleclickable URL's
Support for multiple languages using LOCALE
Clone detection
Auto reconnection to Servers upon disconnection
Command aliases
Chat display can be toggled between AmIRC and mIRC style
Counter for Unread messages
Graphical nicklist and graphical smileys with a popup chooser
&lt;/pre&gt;


====IRC Aircos ====

Double click on Aircos icon in Extras:Networking/Apps/Aircos. It has been set up with a guest account for trial purposes. Though ideally, choose a nickname and password for frequent use of irc. 


====IRC and XMPP Jabberwocky====
 Servers are setup and close down at random 
You sign up to a server that someone else has setup and access chat services through them. 

The two ways to access chat from jabberwocky
&lt;pre &gt;
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; XMPP -&gt; open and ad-free 
Jabberwocky -&gt; Server -&gt; Transports (Gateways) -&gt; Proprietary closed systems 
&lt;/pre &gt;

The Jabber.org service connects with all IM services that use XMPP, the open standard for instant messaging and presence over the Internet. The services we connect with include Google Talk (closed), Live Journal Talk, Nimbuzz, Ovi, and thousands more. However, you can not connect from Jabber.org to proprietary services like AIM, ICQ, MSN, Skype, or Yahoo because they don’t yet use XMPP components (XEP-0114) '''but''' you can use Jabber.com's servers and IM gateways (MSN, ICQ, Yahoo etc.) instead.

The best way to use jabberwocky is in conjunction with a public jabber server with '''transports''' to your favorite services, like gtalk, Facebook, yahoo, ICQ, AIM, etc.


You have to register with one of the servers, [https://list.jabber.at/ this list] or [http://www.jabberes.org/servers/ another list], [http://xmpp.net/ this security XMPP list],

Unfortunately jabberwocky can only connect to one server at a time so it is best to check what services each server offers. If you set it up with separate Facebook and google talk accounts, for example, sometimes you'll only get one or the other.

Jabberwocky open a window where the Jabber server part is typed in as well as your Nickname and Password.

Jabber ID (JID) identifies you to the server and other users.

Once registered the next step is to goto Jabberwocky's &quot;Windows&quot; menu and select the &quot;Agents&quot; option. The &quot;Agents List&quot; window will open.

Roster (contacts list)

[http://search.wensley.org.uk/ Chatrooms] (MUC) are available

File Transfer - can send and receive files through the Jabber service but not with other services like IRC, ICQ, AIM or Yahoo. All you need is an installed webbrowser and OpenURL.

Clickable URLs - The message window uses Mailtext.mcc and you can set a URL action in the MUI mailtext prefs like SYS:Utils/OpenURL %s NEWWIN.

There is no consistent Skype like (H.323 VoIP) video conferencing available over Jabber. The move from xmpp to Jingle should help but no support on any amiga-like systems at the moment. [http://aminet.net/package/dev/src/AmiPhoneSrc192 AmiPhone] and [http://www.lysator.liu.se/%28frame,faq,nobg,useframes%29/ahi/v4-site/ Speak Freely] was an early attempt voice only contact. SIP and Asterisk are other PBX options.


 Facebook

If you're using the XMPP transport provided by Facebook themselves, chat.facebook.com, it looks like they're now requiring SSL transport. This means jabberwocky method below will no longer work. The best thing to do is to create an ID on a public jabber server which has a Facebook gateway.

&lt;pre &gt;
1. launch jabberwocky
2. if the login window doesn't appear on launch, select 'account' from the jabberwocky menu
3. your jabber ID will be user@chat.facebook.com where user is your user ID
4. your password is your normal facebook password
5. to save this for next time, click the popup gadget next to the ID field

6. click the 'add' button
7. click the 'close' button
8. click the 'connect' button
&lt;/pre &gt;

you're done. you can also click the 'save as default account' button if you want. jabberwocky configured to auto-connect when launching the program, but you can configure as you like. there is amigaguide documentation included with jabberwocky.

[http://amigaworld.net/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=37085&amp;forum=32 Read more here]

for Facebook users, you can log-in directly to Facebook with jabberwocky. just sign in as @chat.facebook.com with your Facebook password as the password


 Twitter

For a few years, there has been added a twitter transport. Servers include [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/ jabber.hot-chili.net],  and .

An [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/tag/how-tos/ How-to]

:Read [http://jabber.hot-chilli.net/2010/05/09/twitter-transport-working/ more]

 Instagram 

no support at the moment best to use a web browser based client

 ICQ

The new version (beta) of StriCQ uses a newer ICQ protocol. Most of the ICQ Jabber Transports still use an older ICQ protocol. You can only talk one-way to StriCQ using the older Transports. Only the newer ICQv7 Transport lets you talk both ways to StriCQ. Look at the server lists in the first section to check.

Register on a Jabber server, e.g. this one works: http://www.jabber.de/
Then login into Jabberwocky with the following login data e.g. xxx@jabber.de / Password: xxx Now add your ICQ account under the window-&gt;Agents-&gt;&quot;Register&quot;. Now Jabberwocky connects via the Jabber.de server with your ICQ account.

 Yahoo Messenger

although yahoo! does not use xmpp protocol, you should be able to use the transport methods to gain access and post your replies

 MSN

early months of 2013 Microsoft will ditch MSN Messenger client and force everyone to use Skype...but MSN protocol and servers will keep working as usual for quite a long time....

Occasionally the Messenger servers have been experiencing problems signing in.  You may need to sign in at www.outlook.com and then try again.  It may also take multiple tries to sign in.  (This also affects you if you’re using Skype.)

You have to check each servers' Agents List to see what transports (MSN protocol, ICQ protocol, etc.) are supported or use the list address' provided in the section above. Then register with each transport (IRC, MSN, ICQ, etc.) to which you need access. After registering you can Connect to start chatting.

msn.jabber.com/registered should appear in the window.

From this [http://tech.dir.groups.yahoo.com/group/amiga-jabberwocky/message/1378 JW group] guide which  helps with this process in a clear, step by step procedure.

1. Sign up on MSN's site for a passport account. This typically involves getting a Hotmail address.

2. Log on to the Jabber server of your choice and do the following:

* Select the &quot;Windows/Agents&quot; menu option in Jabberwocky.
* Select the MSN Agent from the list presented by the server.
* Click the Register button to open a new window asking for:
**Username = passort account email address, typically your hotmail address.
**Nick = Screen name to be shown to anyone you add to your buddy list.
**Password = Password for your passport account/hotmail address.
* Click the Register button at the bottom of the new window.

3. If all goes well, you will see the MSN Gateway added to your buddy list. If not, repeat part 2 on another server. Some servers may show MSN in their list of available agents, but have not updated their software for the latest protocols used by MSN.

4. Once you are registered, you can now add people to your buddy list. Note that you need to include the '''msn.''' ahead of the servername so that it knows what gateway agent to use. Some servers may use a slight variation and require '''msg.gate.''' before the server name, so try both to see what works.

If my friend's msn was amiga@hotmail.co.uk and my jabber server was @jabber.meta.net.nz..
then amiga'''%'''hotmail.com@'''msn.'''jabber.meta.net.nz

or another the trick to import MSN contacts is that you don't type the hotmail URL but the passport URL... e.g. Instead of: goodvibe%hotmail.com@msn.jabber.com  You type: goodvibe%passport.com@msn.jabber.com 
And the thing about importing contacts I'm afraid you'll have to do it by hand, one at the time...

 Google Talk

any XMPP server will work, but you have to add your contacts manually. a google talk user is typically either @gmail.com or @talk.google.com. a true gtalk transport is nice because it brings your contacts to you and (can) also support file transfers to/from google talk users.

implement Jingle a set of extensions to the IETF's Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP)

support ended early 2014 as Google moved to Google+ Hangouts which uses it own proprietary format


===Video Player MPlayer===

Many of the menu features (such as doubling) do not work with the current version of mplayer but using

4:3
 mplayer -vf scale=800:600 file.avi

16:9
 mplayer -vf scale=854:480 file.avi

if you want gui use;
 mplayer -gui 1 &lt;other params&gt; file.avi

&lt;pre &gt;
stack 1000000

; using AspireOS 1.xx 
; copy FROM SYS:Extras/Multimedia/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 1.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Tools/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

; using Icaros Desktop 2.x 
; copy FROM SYS:Utilities/MPlayer/ TO RAM:MPlayer ALL CLONE &gt; Nil:

cd RAM:MPlayer
run MPlayer -gui &gt; Nil:
;run MPlayer -gui -ao ahi_dev -playlist http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls &gt; Nil: 
&lt;/pre &gt;

$ mplayer rtsp://127.0.0.1:554/sample_300kbit.mp4


MPlayer supports multicast streaming, and rtp/rtsp protocols (it might require [http://www.live555.com/openRTSP/ live555 library] to work with some streams). But you might have to build it where it's disabled. Also, multicast won't work with some AmiTCP-likes. MIAMI supported it, though.

AROS supports IPv4 (old but works) and this includes the needed address space for RTP.

If you mean multicast via RTP - mplayer handles it. You can even force UDP over TCP

-rtsp-stream-over-tcp

If the rtsp Real Time Streaming Protocol  server needs authentification:

-user -passwd


MPlayer - Menu - Open Playlist and load already downloaded .pls or .m3u file - auto starts around 4 percent cache

MPlayer - Menu - Open Stream and copy one of the .pls lines below into space allowed, press OK and press play button on main gui interface


Old 8bit 16bit remixes chip tune game music 
 
http://www.radio-paralax.de/listen.pls 

http://scenesat.com/

http://www.shoutcast.com/radio/Amiga

http://www.theoldcomputer.com/retro_radio/RetroRadio_Main.htm

http://www.kohina.com/

http://www.remix64.com/

http://retrogamer.net/forum/

http://retroasylum.podomatic.com/rss2.xml

http://retrogamesquad.com/

http://www.retronauts.com/

http://monsterfeet.com/noquarter/

http://www.retrogamingradio.com/

http://www.radiofeeds.co.uk/mp3.asp


[[#top|...to the top]]

====ZunePaint==== 

simplified typical workflow

* importing and organizing and photo management
* making global and regional local correction(s) - recalculation is necessary after each adjustment as it is not in real-time 
* exporting your images in the best format available with the preservation of metadata


Whilst achieving 80% of a great photo with just a filter, the remaining 20% comes from a manual fine-tuning of specific image attributes.


For photojournalism, documentary, and event coverage, minimal touching is recommended. Stick to Camera Raw for such shots, and limit changes to level adjustment, sharpness, noise reduction, and white balance correction.

For fashion or portrait shoots, a large amount of adjustment is allowed and usually ends up far from the original. Skin smoothing, blemish removal, eye touch-ups, etc. are common.  Might alter the background a bit to emphasize the subject.

Product photography usually requires a lot of sharpening, spot removal, and focus stacking.

For landscape shots, best results are achieved by doing the maximum amount of preparation before/while taking the shot. No amount of processing can match timing, proper lighting, correct gear, optimal settings, etc. Excessive post-processing might give you a dramatic shot but best avoided in the long term.


* White Balance - Left Amiga or F12 and K and under &quot;Misc color effects&quot; tab with a pull down for White Balance - color temperature also known as AKA tint (movies) or tones (painting) - warm temp raise red reduce green blue - cool raise blue lower red green 
* Exposure - exposure compensation, highlight/shadow recovery
* Noise Reduction - during RAW development or using external software
* Lens Corrections - distortion, vignetting, chromatic aberrations
* Detail - capture sharpening and local contrast enhancement
* Contrast - black point, levels (sliders) and curves tools (F12 and K) 
* Framing - straighten () and crop (F12 and F) 
* Refinements - color adjustments and selective enhancements - Left Amiga or F12 and K for RGB and YUV histogram tabs - 
* Resizing - enlarge for a print or downsize for the web or email (F12 and D) 
* Output Sharpening - customized for your subject matter and print/screen size


White Balance - F12 and K

scan your image for a shade which was meant to be white (neutral with each RGB value being equal) like paper or plastic which is in the same light as the subject of the picture. Use the dropper tool to select this color, similar colours will shift and you will have selected the perfect white balance for your part of the image - for the whole picture make sure RAZ or CLR button at the bottom is pressed before applying to the image above.


Exposure correction

F12 and K - YUV Y luminosity - RGB extra red tint - move red curve slightly down and move blue green curves slightly up

Workflows in practice

* Undo - Right AROS key or F12 and Z 
* Redo - Right AROS key or F12 and R

First flatten your image (if necessary) and then do a rotation until the picture looks level. 
* Crop the picture. Click the selection button and drag a box over the area of the picture you want to keep. Press the crop button and the rest of the photo will be gone. 
* Adjust your saturation, exposure, hue levels, etc., (right AROS Key and K for color correction) until you are happy with the photo. Make sure you zoom in all of the way to 100% and look the photo over, zoom back out and move around. Look for obvious problems with the picture. 
* After coloring and exposure do a sharpen (Right AROS key and E for Convolution and select drop down option needed), e.g. set the matrix to 5x5 (roughly equivalent Amount to 60%) and set the Radius to 1.0. Click OK.


And save your picture


Implemented or would like to see for simplification and ease of use

basic filters (presets) like black and white, monochrome, edge detection (sobel), motion/gaussian blur, 
* negative, sepiatone, retro vintage, night vision, colour tint, color gradient, color temperature, glows, fire, lightning, lens flare, emboss, filmic, pixelate mezzotint, antialias, etc.

adjust / cosmetic tools such as crop, 
* reshaping tools, straighten, smear, smooth, perspective, liquify, bloat, pucker, push pixels in any direction, dispersion, transform like warp, blending with soft light, page-curl, whirl, ripple, fisheye, neon,  etc. 
* red eye fixing, blemish remover, skin smoothing, teeth whitener, make eyes look brighter, desaturate,

effects like oil paint, cartoon, pencil sketch, charcoal, noise/matrix like sharpen/unsharpen, (right AROS key with A for Artistic effects) 
* blend two image, gradient blend, masking blend, explode, implode, custom collage, surreal painting, comic book style, needlepoint, stained glass, watercolor, mosaic, stencil/outline, crayon, chalk, etc.

borders such as 
* dropshadow, rounded, blurred, color tint, picture frame, film strip polaroid, bevelled edge, etc.

brushes e.g.
* frost, smoke, etc.

and manual control of

fix lens issues including vignetting (darkening), color fringing and barrel distortion, and chromatic and geometric aberration -  lens and body profiles

perspective correction

levels - directly modify the levels of the tone-values of an image, by using sliders for highlights, midtones and shadows

curves -  Color Adjustment and Brightness/Contrast

color balance

one single color transparent (alpha channel (color information/selections) for masking and/or blending ) for backgrounds, etc.

Threshold indicates how much other colors will be considered mixture of the removed color and non-removed colors

decompose layer into a set of layers with each holding a different type of pattern that is visible within the image

any selection using any selecting tools like lasso tool, marquee tool etc. the selection will temporarily be save to alpha 
If you create your image without transparency then the Alpha channel is not present, but you can add later.

File formats like .psd (Photoshop file has layers, masks etc.  contains edited sensor data. The original sensor data is no longer available) .xcf .raw .hdr

Image Picture Formats
* low dynamic range (JPEG, PNG, TIFF 8-bit), 16-bit (PPM, TIFF), typically as a 16-bit TIFF in either ProPhoto or AdobeRGB colorspace -  TIFF files are also fairly universal – although, if they contain proprietary data, such as Photoshop Adjustment Layers or Smart Filters, then they can only be opened by Photoshop making them proprietary.
* linear high dynamic range (HDR) images (PFM, [http://www.openexr.com/ ILM .EXR], jpg, [http://aminet.net/util/dtype cr2] (canon tiff based), hdr, NEF, CRW, ARW, MRW, ORF, RAF (Fuji), PEF, DCR, SRF, ERF, DNG files are RAW converted to an Adobe proprietary format - a container that can embed the raw file as well as the information needed to open it) 
An old version of [http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=browse&amp;cat=graphics/convert dcraw]

There is no single RAW file format. Each camera manufacturer has one or more unique RAW formats. RAW files contain the brightness levels data captured by the camera sensor. This data cannot be modified. A second smaller file, separate XML file, or within a database with instructions for the RAW processor to change exposure, saturation etc. The extra data can be changed but the original sensor data is still there. RAW is technically least compatible.

A raw file is high-bit (usually 12 or 14 bits of information) but a camera-generated TIFF file will be usually converted by the camera (compressed, downsampled) to 8 bits. The raw file has no embedded color balance or color space, but the TIFF has both. These three things (smaller bit depth, embedded color balance, and embedded color space) make it so that the TIFF will lose quality more quickly with image adjustments than the raw file. The camera-generated TIFF image is much more like a camera processed JPEG than a raw file. A strong advantage goes to the raw file. The power of RAW files, such as the ability to set any color temperature non-destructively and will contain more tonal values.

The principle of preserving the maximum amount of information to as late as possible in the process. The final conversion - which will always effectively represent a &quot;downsampling&quot; - should prevent as much loss as possible.

Once you save it as TIFF, you throw away some of that data irretrievably. When saving in the lossy JPEG format, you get tremendous file size savings, but you've irreversibly thrown away a lot of image data. As long as you have the RAW file, original or otherwise, you have access to all of the image data as captured.

Keyboard equivalence with Photoshop(tm) would help 

File
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New	Ctrl+n	New
Open	Ctrl+o	Open
Close	Ctrl+w	Close
Save	Ctrl+s	Save
Save as	Shift+Ctrl+s	Save as
Revert	F12	Revert
Print	Ctrl+p	Print
Exit	Ctrl+q	Quit
 
Edit
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Undo/Redo (1 level)	Ctrl+z	Undo (Redo is Shift+Ctrl+z)
Cut	Ctrl+x	Cut
Copy	Ctrl+c	Copy
Paste	Ctrl+v	Paste
Paste Into	Shift+Ctrl+v	Paste Into
Fill with FG color	Alt+Backspace	Fill with FG color
Fill with BG color	Control+Backspace	Fill with BG color
 
Image/Colors
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Levels	Ctrl+l	Levels
Auto Contrast	Shift+Ctrl+Alt+l	Stretch Contrast (same?)
Curves	Ctrl+m	Curves
Color Balance	Ctrl+b	Color Balance
Hue/Saturation	Ctrl+u	Hue-Saturation
Desaturate	Shift+Ctrl+u	Desaturate
Invert	Ctrl+i	Invert
Default Colors	d	Default Colors
Switch Colors	x	Switch Colors
 
Layer
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
New Layer	Shift+Ctrl+n	New Layer
Layer via Copy	Ctrl+j	Duplicate Layer
Bring (layer) to Front	Shift+Ctrl+]	Layer to Top
Send (layer) to Back	Shift+Ctrl+[	Layer to Bottom
Bring (layer) Forward	Ctrl+]	Raise Layer
Send (layer) Backward	Ctrl+[	Lower Layer
Select Top Layer	Shift+Alt+]	Select Top Layer
Select Bottom Layer	Shift+Alt+[	Select Bottom Layer
Select One Layer Forward	Alt+]	Select Previous Layer
Select One Layer Backward	Alt+[	Select Next Layer
Merge Down	Ctrl+e	Merge Down
Merge Visible	Shift+Ctrl+e	Merge Visible
Preserve Transparency	/	Keep Transparency
Cycle Modes Forwards	Shift+=	Next Layer Mode
Cycle Modes Backwards	Shift+-	Previous Layer Mode
 
Select
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Select All	Ctrl+a	Select All
Deselect	Ctrl+d	Select None
Inverse	Shift+Ctrl+i	Invert
Feather	Ctrl+Alt+d	Feather
 
View
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Zoom In	Ctrl+=	Zoom In
Zoom Out	Ctrl+-	Zoom Out
Fit on Screen	Ctrl+0	Zoom to Fit Window
Actual Pixels	Ctrl+Alt+0	Zoom 1:1
Show/Hide Extras	Ctrl+h	Toggle Show Selection (close enough?)
Show/Hide Guides	Ctrl+'	Toggle Show Guides
Show/Hide Grid	Ctrl+Alt+'	Toggle Show Grid
Show/Hide Rulers	Ctrl+r	Toggle Show Rulers
Snap	Ctrl+;	Snap to Guides
Scroll View Up	Page Up	Scroll Page Up
Scroll View Down	Page Down	Scroll Page Down
Scroll View Left	Ctrl+Page Up	Scroll Page Left
Scroll View Right	Ctrl+Page Down	Scroll Page Right
 
Window/Dialogs
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
?	F5	Tools Dialog
Color Tab	F6	Colors Dialog
Layers Tab	F7	Layers Dialog
Info Tab	F8	Image Information
 
Tools
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Rectangular Marquee Tool	m	Rect Select Tool
Elliptical Marquee Tool	Shift+m	Ellipse Select Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Elliptical Marquee Tool' and 'Rectangular Marquee Tool' in Photoshop	 
Move Tool	v	Move Tool
Lasso Tool	l	Free Select Tool
Magic Wand Tool	w	Fuzzy Select Tool
Crop Tool	c	Crop &amp; Resize Tool
Airbrush Tool	j	Airbrush Tool
Paintbrush Tool	b	Paintbrush Tool
Clone Stamp Tool	s	Clone Stamp Tool
Eraser Tool	e	Eraser Tool
Gradient Tool	g	Blend Tool
Paint Bucket Tool	Shift+g	Bucket Fill Tool
 	*This is a toggle between 'Paint Bucket Tool' and 'Gradient Tool' in Photoshop	 
Blur Tool	r	Convolve Tool
Dodge Tool	o	DodgeBurn Tool
Type Tool	t	Text Tool
Pen Tool	p	Bezier Select Tool
Eye Dropper Tool	i	Color Picker Tool
Zoom Tool	z	Magnify Tool
Previous Brush	,	Previous Brush
Next Brush	.	Next Brush
First Brush	Shift+&lt;	First Brush
Last Brush	Shift+&gt;	Last Brush
Decrease Brush Size	[	Decrease Brush Size
Increase Brush Size	]	Increase Brush Size
Decrease Brush Hardness	{	Decrease Brush Hardness
Increase Brush Hardness	}	Increase Brush Hardness
 
Help
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Help	F1	Help
Context Help	Shift+F1	Context Help
 
Misc.
PHOTOSHOP	SHORTCUT	GIMP
Last Filter	Ctrl+f	Repeat Last Filter
?	Shift+Ctrl+f	Reshow Last Filter
Preferences	Ctrl+k	Preferences
Liquify	Shift+Ctrl+x	IWarp (close enough?)
Toggle Quick Mask	q	Toggle Quick Mask


Spotlights - triangle of white opaque shape

Cutting out and/or replacing unwanted background or features - select large areas with the selection option like the Magic Wand tool (aka Color Range) or the Lasso (quick and fast) with feather 2 to soften edge or the pen tool which adds points/lines/Bézier curves (better control but slower), hold down the shift button as you click to add extra points/areas of the subject matter to remove. Increase the tolerance to cover more areas. To subtract from your selection hold down alt as you're clicking. 
* Layer masks are a better way of working than Erase they clip (black hides/hidden white visible/reveal). Clone Stamp can be simulated by   and brushes for other areas. 
* Leave the fine details like hair, fur, etc. to later with lasso and the shift key to draw a line all the way around your subject. Gradient Mapping - Inverse - Mask. i.e. Refine your selected image with edge detection and using the radius and edge options / adjuster (increase/decrease contrast) so that you will capture more fine detail from the background allowing easier removal. 
Remove fringe/halo

saving image as png rather than jpg/jpeg to keep transparency background intact.


Implemented [http://colorizer.org/ colour model representations] [http://paulbourke.net/texture_colour/colourspace/ Mathematical approach] - Photo stills are spatially 2d (h and w), but are colorimetrically 3d (r g and b, or H L S, or Y U V etc.) as well. 
* RGB - split cubed mapped color model for photos and computer graphics hardware using the light spectrum (adding and subtracting) 
* YUV - Y-Lightness U-blue/yellow V-red/cyan (similar to YPbPr and YCbCr) used in the PAL, NTSC, and SECAM composite digital TV color [http://crewofone.com/2012/chroma-subsampling-and-transcoding/#comment-7299 video]


Histograms

White balanced (neutral) if the spike happens in the same place in each channel of the RGB graphs. If not, you're not balanced. 
If you have sky you'll see the blue channel further off to the right.

RGB is best one to change colours. These elements RGB is a 3-channel format containing data for Red, Green, and Blue in your photo scale between 0 and 255. The area in a picture that appears to be brighter/whiter contains more red color as compared to the area which is relatively darker. Similarly in the green channel the area that appears to be darker contains less amount of green color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter.  Similarly in the blue channel the area appears to be darker contains less amount of blue color as compared to the area that appears to be brighter. Brightness luminance histogram also matches the green histogram more than any other color - human eye interprets green better e.g. RGB rough ratio 15/55/30%

RGBA (RGB+A, A means alpha channel) .  The alpha channel is used for &quot;alpha compositing&quot;, which can mostly be associated as &quot;opacity&quot;.  AROS deals in RGB with two digits for every color (red, green, blue), in ARGB you have two additional hex digits for the alpha channel.

The shadows are represented by the left third of the graph.  The highlights are represented by the right third.  And the midtones are, of course, in the middle.  The higher the black peaks in the graph, the more pixels are concentrated in that tonal range (total black area). 
By moving the black endpoint, which identifies the shadows (darkness) and a white light endpoint (brightness) up and down either sides of the graph, colors are adjusted based on these points. 
By dragging the central one, can increased the midtones and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .


RGB Curves

* Move left endpoint (black point) up or right endpoint (white point) up brightens 
* Move left endpoint down or right endpoint down darkens

Color Curves

* Dragging up on the Red Curve increases the intensity of the reds in the image but 
* Dragging down on the Red Curve decreases the intensity of the reds and thus increases the apparent intensity of its complimentary color, cyan. Green’s complimentary color is magenta, and blue’s is yellow.
&lt;pre&gt;
 Red &lt;-&gt; Cyan
 Green &lt;-&gt;Magenta
 Blue &lt;-&gt;Yellow 
&lt;/pre&gt;

YUV Best option to analyse and pull out statistical elements of any picture (i.e.  separate luminance data from color data). The line in Y luma tone box represents the brightness of the image with the point in the bottom left been black, and the point in the top right as white.  A low-contrast image has a concentrated clump of values nearer to the center of the graph. By comparison, a high-contrast image has a wider distribution of values across the entire width of the Histogram.   A histogram that is skewed to the right would indicate a picture that is a bit overexposed because most of the color data is on the lighter side (increase exposure with higher value F), while a histogram with the curve on the left shows a picture that is underexposed. This is good information to have when using post-processing software because it shows you not only where the color data exists for a given picture, but also where any data has been clipped (extremes on edges of either side): that is, it does not exist and, therefore, cannot be edited.  By dragging the endpoints of the line and as well as the central one, can increased the dark/shadows, midtones and light/bright parts and control the contrast, raise shadows levels, clip or softly eliminate unsafe levels, alter gamma, etc... in a way that is much more precise and creative .

The U and V chroma parts show color difference components of the image. It’s useful for checking whether or not the overall chroma is too high, and also whether it’s being limited too much
Can be used to create a negative image but also 
With U (Cb), the higher value you are, the more you're on the blue primary color. If you go to the low values then you're on blue complementary color, i.e. yellow.
With V (Cr), this is the same principle but with Red and Cyan.
e.g. If you push U full blue and V full red, you get magenta. If you push U full yellow and V full Cyan then you get green.

YUV simultaneously adds to one side of the color equation while subtracting from the other.  
using YUV to do color correction can be very problematic because each curve alters the result of each other: the mutual influence between U and V often makes things tricky. You may also be careful in what you do to avoid the raise of noise (which happens very easily). Best results are obtained with little adjustments

sunset that looks uninspiring and needs some color pop especially for the rays over the hill, a subtle contrast raise while setting luma values back to the legal range without hard clipping.


Free royalty pictures, [www.freeimages.com ], [http://imageshack.us/ ], [http://photobucket.com/ ], [http://rawpixels.net/], [], [], [], 


====Lunapaint====

Pixel based drawing app with onion-skin animation function

 Blocking, Shading, Coloring, adding detail 

&lt;pre&gt;
b BRUSH
e ERASER

alt eyedropper 
v layer tool 

z ZOOM / MAGNIFY &lt; &gt; n 
spc panning 
m  marque 
q lasso 
w same color selection / region 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
, LM RM
v 
V
f  filter 
F 
.  size 

p 
,  pick color 
[] last / next color 
&lt;/pre&gt;


There is not much missing in Lunapaint to be as good as FlipBook and then you have to take into account that Flipbook is considered to be amongst the best and easiest to use animation software out there. Ok to be honest Flipbook has some nice features that require more heavy work but those aren't so much needed right away, things like camera effects, sound, smart fill, export to different movie file formats etc.

Tried Flipbook with my tablet and compared it to Luna. The feeling is the same when sketching. LunaPaint is very responsive/fluent to draw with. Just as Flipbook is, and that responsiveness is something its users have mentioned as one of the positive sides of said software.

 author was learning MUI. Some parts just have to be rewritten with proper MUI classes before new features can be added.

* add [Frame Add] / [Frame Del]
* whole animation feature is impossible to use. If you draw 2 color maybe but if you start coloring your cells then you get in trouble
* pickup the entire image as a brush, not just a selection ? And consequently remove the brush from memory when one doesn't need it anymore. can pick up a brush and put it onto a new image but cropping isn't possible, nor to load/save brushes.
* Undo is something I longed for ages in Lunapaint.
* to import into the current layer, other types of images (e.g. JPEG) besides RAW64.
* implement graphic tablet features support


**GENERAL DRAWING**

Miss it very much:
UNDO
ERASER
COLORPICKER - has to show on palette too which color got picked.
BACKGROUND COLOR -Possibility to select from &quot;New project screen&quot;

Miss it somewhat:
ICON for UNDO
ICON for ERASER
ICON for CLEAR SCREEN ( What can I say? I start over from scratch very often )
BRUSH - possibility to cut out as brush not just copy off image to brush

**ANIMATING**

Miss it very much:
NUMBER OF CELLS - Possibity to change total no. of cells during project
ANIM BRUSH - Possibility to pick up a selected part of cells into an animbrush

Miss it somewhat:
ADD/REMOVE FRAMES: Add/remove single frame

In general LunaPaint is really well done and it feels like a new DeluxePaint version. It works with my tablet. Sure there's much missing of course but things can always be added over time. So there is great potential in LunaPaint that's for sure. Animations could be made in it and maybe put together in QuickVideo, saving in .gif or .mng etc some day.


LAYERS
-Layers names don't get saved globally in animation frames
-Layers order don't change globally in an animation (perhaps as default?).

EXPORTING IMAGES
-Exporting frames to JPG/PNG gives problems with colors. (wrong colors. See my animatiopn --&gt; My robot was blue now it's &quot;gold&quot; ) I think this only happens if you have layers.
-Trying to flatten the layers before export doesn't work if you have animation frames only the one you have visible will flatten properly all other frames are destroyed. (Only one of the layers are visible on them)
-Exporting images filenames should be for example e.g. file0001, file0002...file0010 instead as of now file1, file2...file10

LOAD/SAVE (Preferences)
-Make a setting for the default &quot;Work&quot; folder.

* Destroyed colors if exported image/frame has layers 
* mystic color cycling of the selected color while stepping frames back/forth (annoying)

&lt;pre&gt;
Deluxe Paint II enhanced key shortcuts 
    NOTE: @ denotes the ALT key

    [Technique]

    F1  - Paint
    F2  - Single Colour
    F3  - Replace
    F4  - Smear
    F5  - Shade
    F6  - Cycle
    F7  - Smooth
     M  - Colour Cycle

    [Brush]

     B  - Restore
     O  - Outline
     h  - Halve brush size
     H  - Double brush size
     x  - Flip brush on X axis
     X  - Double brush size on X axis only
     y  - Flip on Y 
     Y  - Double on Y
     z  - Rotate brush 90 degrees
     Z  - Stretch

    [Stencil]

     `  - Stencil On

    [Miscellaneous]

    F9  - Info Bar
    F10 - Selection Bar
    @o  - Co-Ordinates
    @a  - Anti-alias
    @r  - Colourise
    @t  - Translucent
    TAB - Colour Cycle

    [Picture]

     L  - Load
     S  - Save
     j  - Page to Spare(Flip)
     J  - Page to Spare(Copy)
     V  - View Page
     Q  - Quit

    [General Keys]

     m  - Magnify
     &lt;  - Zoom In
     &gt;  - Zoom Out
     [  - Palette Colour Up
     ]  - Palette Colour Down
     (  - Palette Colour Left
     )  - Palette Colour Right
     ,  - Eye Dropper
     .  - Pixel / Brush Toggle
     /  - Symmetry
     |  - Co-Ordinates
    INS - Perspective Control
    +/- - Brush Size (Fine Control)
     w  - Unfilled Polygon
     W  - Filled Polygon
     e  - Unfilled Ellipse
     E  - Filled Ellipse
     r  - Unfilled Rectangle
     R  - Filled Rectangle
     t  - Type/text tool
     a  - Select Font
    u/U - Undo
     d  - Brush
     D  - Filled Non-Uniform Polygon
    f/F - Fill Options
    g/G - Grid
    h/H - Brush Size (Coarse Control)
     K  - Clear
     c  - Unfilled Circle
     C  - Filled Circle
     v  - Line
     b  - Scissor Select and Toggle
     B  - Brush
    {,} - Toggle between two background colours
&lt;/pre&gt;

====Lodepaint====

Pixel based painting artwork app

====Grafx2====

Pixel based painting artwork app aesprite like 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=59Y6OTzNrhk aesprite workflow keys and tablet use], [], 


====Vector Graphics ZuneFIG====

Vector Image Editing of files .svg .ps .eps


*Objects - raise lower rotate flip aligning snapping 
*Path - unify subtract intersect exclude divide 
*Colour - fill stroke 
*Stroke - size 
*Brushes - 
*Layers - 
*Effects - gaussian bevels glows shadows 
*Text    - 
*Transform - 


 AmiFIG ([http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/frm_introduction.html xfig manual]) 

[[File:MyScreen.png|thumb|left|alt=Showing all Windows open in AmiFIG.|All windows available to AmiFIG.]]

for drawing simple to intermediate vector graphic images for scientific and technical uses and for illustration purposes for those with talent

;Menu options
* Load - fig format but import(s) SVG
* Save - fig format but export(s) eps, ps, pdf, svg and png
* PAN = Ctrl + Arrow keys 
* Deselect all points

There is no selected object until you apply the tool, and the selected object is not highlighted.

;Metrics - to set up page and styles - first window to open on new drawings

;Tools - Drawing Primitives - set Attributes window first before clicking any Tools button(s) 
* Shapes - circles, ellipses, arcs, splines, boxes,  polygon 
* Lines - polylines
* Text &quot;T&quot; button 
* Photos - bitmaps
* Compound - Glue, Break, Scale 
* POINTs - Move, Add, Remove 
* Objects - Move, Copy, Delete, Mirror, Rotate, Paste 
use right mouse button to stop extra lines, shapes being formed and the left mouse to select/deselect tools button(s)
* Rotate - moves in 90 degree turns centered on clicked POINT of a polygon or square

;Attributes which provide change(s) to the above primitives 
* Color
* Line Width
* Line Style
* arrowheads

;Modes 
Choose from freehand, charts, figures, magnet, etc.

;Library - allows .fig clip-art to be stored 
* compound tools to add .fig(s) together

;FIG 3.2 [http://epb.lbl.gov/xfig/fig-format.html Format] as produced by xfig version 3.2.5 
&lt;pre&gt;
Landscape
Center
Inches
Letter 
100.00
Single
-2
1200 2
4 0 0 50 -1 0 12 0.0000 4 135 1050 1050 2475 This is a test.01
&lt;/pre&gt;

# change the text alignment within the textbox. I can choose left, center, or right aligned by either changing the integer in the second column from 0 (left) to 1 or 2 (center, or right). 
# The third integer in the row specifies fontcolor. For instance, 0 is black, but blue is 1 and Green3 is 13.
# The sixth integer in the bottom row specifies fontface. 0 is Times-Roman, but 16 is Helvetica (a MATLAB default).
# The seventh number is fontsize. 12 represents a 12pt fontsize. Changing the fontsize of an item really is as easy as changing that number to 20.
# The next number is the counter-clockwise angle of the text. Notice that I have changed the angle to .7854 (pi/4 rounded to four digits=45 degrees).
# twelfth number is the position according to the standard “x-axis” in Xfig units from the left. Note that 1200 Xfig units is equivalent to once inch.
# thirteenth number is the “y-position” from the top using the same unit convention as before.

* The nested text string is what you entered into the textbox.
* The “01″ present at the end of that line in the .fig file is the closing tag. For instance, a change to \100 appends a @ symbol at the end of the period of that sentence.

; Just to note there are no layers, no 3d functions, no shading, no transparency, no animation


[[#top|...to the top]]

===Audio===


# AHI uses linear panning/balance, which means that in the center, you will get -6dB. If an app uses panning, this is what you will get. Note that apps like Audio Evolution need panning, so they will have this problem.

# When using AHI Hifi modes, mixing is done in 32-bit and sent as 32-bit data to the driver. The Envy24HT driver uses that to output at 24-bit (always).

# For the Envy24/Envy24HT, I've made 16-bit and 24-bit inputs (called Line-in 16-bit, Line-in 24-bit etc.). There is unfortunately no app that can handle 24-bit recording.


====Music Mods====

Digital module (mods) trackers are music creation software using samples and sometimes soundfonts, audio plugins (VST, AU or RTAS), MIDI.

Generally, MODs are similar to MIDI in that they contain note on/off and other sequence messages that control the mod player. Unlike (most) midi files, however, they also contain sound samples that the sequence information actually plays. MOD files can have many channels (classic amiga mods have 4, corresponding to the inbuilt sound channels), but unlike MIDI, each channel can typically play only one note at once. However, since that note might be a sample of a chord, a drumloop or other complex sound, this is not as limiting as it sounds.

Like MIDI, notes will play indefinitely if they're not instructed to end. Most trackers record this information automatically if you play your music in live. If you're using manual note entry, you can enter a note-off command with a keyboard shortcut - usually Caps Lock.

In fact when considering file size MOD is not always the best option. Even a dummy song wastes few kilobytes for nothing when a simple SID tune could be few hundreds bytes and not bigger than 64kB. AHX is another small format, AHX tunes are never larger than 64kB excluding comments.

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXXsZfwgil Protrekkr] (previously aka [w:Juan_Antonio_Arguelles_Rius|NoiseTrekkr])

If Protrekkr does not start, please check if the Unit 0 has been setup in the AHI prefs and still not, go to the directory utilities/protrekkr and double click on the Protrekkr icon

*Sample
*Note - Effect 
*Track (column) - Pattern - Order

It all starts with the Sample which is used to create Note(s) in a Track (column of a tracker) 
The Note can be changed with an Effect.  A Track of Note(s) can be collected into a Pattern (section of a song) and these can be given Order to create the whole song.

Patience (notes have to be entered one at a time) or playing the bassline on a midi controller (faster - see midi section above).  Best approach is to wait until a melody popped into your head.

*Up-tempo means the track should be reasonably fast, but not super-fast. 
*Groovy and funky imply the track should have some sort of &quot;swing&quot; feel, with plenty of syncopation or off beat emphasis and a recognizable, melodic bass line. 
*Sweet and happy mean upbeat melodies, a major key and avoiding harsh sounds.
*Moody - minor key

First, create a quick bass sound, which is basically a sine wave, but can be hand drawn for a little more variance. It could also work for the melody part, too.

This is usually a bass guitar or some kind of synthesizer bass. The bass line is often forgotten by inexperienced composers, but it plays an important role in a musical piece. Together with the rhythm section the bass line forms the groove of a song. It's the glue between the rhythm section and the melodic layer of a song.

The drums are just pink noise samples, played at different frequencies to get a slightly different sound for the kick, snare, and hihats.

Instruments that fall into the rhythm category are bass drums, snares, hi-hats, toms, cymbals, congas, tambourines, shakers, etc. Any percussive instrument can be used to form part of the rhythm section.

The lead is the instrument that plays the main melody, on top of the chords. There are many instruments that can play a lead section, like a guitar, a piano, a saxophone or a flute. The list is almost endless. There is a lot of overlap with instruments that play chords. Often in one piece an instrument serves both roles. The lead melody is often played at a higher pitch than the chords.

Listened back to what was produced so far, and a counter-melody can be imagined, which can be added with a triangle wave.

To give the ends of phrases some life, you can add a solo part with a crunchy synth. By hitting random notes in the key of G, then edited a few of them.

For the climax of the song, filled out the texture with a gentle high-pitch pad… …and a grungy bass synth.


The arrow at A points at the pattern order list. As you see, the patterns don't have to be in numerical order. This song starts with pattern &quot;00&quot;, then pattern &quot;02&quot;, then &quot;03&quot;, then &quot;01&quot;, etcetera. Patterns may be repeated throughout a song.

The B arrow points at the song title. Below it are the global BPM and speed parameters. These determine the tempo of the song, unless the tempo is altered through effect commands during the song.

The C arrow points at the list of instruments. An instrument may consist of multiple samples. Which sample will be played depends on the note. This can be set in the Instrument Editing screen. Most instruments will consist of just one sample, though. The sample list for the selected instrument can be found under arrow D.

Here's a part of the main editing screen. This is where you put in actual notes. Up to 32 channels can be used, meaning 32 sounds can play simultaneously. The first six channels of pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot; are shown here. The arrow at A points at the row number. The B arrow points at the note to play, in this case a C4. The column pointed at by the C arrow tells us which instrument is associated with that note, in this case instrument #1 &quot;Kick&quot;.

The column at D is used (mainly) for volume commands. In this case it is left empty which means the instrument should play at its default volume. You can see the volume column being used in channel #6.

The E column tells us which effect to use and any parameters for that effect. In this case it holds the &quot;F&quot; effect, which is a tempo command. The &quot;04&quot; means it should play at tempo 4 (a smaller number means faster).

Base pattern

When I create a new track I start with what I call the base pattern. It is worthwhile to spend some time polishing it as a lot of the ideas in the base pattern will be copied and used in other patterns. At least, that's how I work. Every musician will have his own way of working. In &quot;Wild Bunnies&quot; the base pattern is pattern &quot;03&quot; at order &quot;02&quot;.

In the section about selecting samples I talked about the four different categories of instruments: drums, bass, chords and leads. That's also how I usually go about making the base pattern. I start by making a drum pattern, then add a bass line, place some chords and top it off with a lead. This forms the base pattern from which the rest of the song will grow.


Drums

Here's a screenshot of the first four rows of the base pattern. I usually reserve the first four channels or so for the drum instruments. Right away there are a couple of tricks shown here. In the first channel the kick, or bass drum, plays some notes. Note the alternating F04 and F02 commands. The &quot;F&quot; command alters the tempo of the song and by quickly alternating the tempo; the song will get some kind of &quot;swing&quot; feel.

In the second channel the closed hi-hat plays a fairly simple pattern. Further down in the channel, not shown here, some open hi-hat notes are added for a bit of variation.

In the third and fourth channel the snare sample plays. The &quot;8&quot; command is for panning. One note is panned hard to the left and the other hard to the right. One sample is played a semitone lower than the other. This results in a cool flanging effect. It makes the snare stand out a little more in the mix.


Bass line

There are two different instruments used for the bass line. Instrument #6 is a pretty standard synthesized bass sound. Instrument #A sounds a bit like a slap bass when used with a quick fade out. By using two different instruments the bass line sounds a bit more ”human”. The volume command is used to cut off the notes. However, it is never set to zero. Setting the volume to a very small value will result in a reverb-like effect. This makes the song sound more &quot;live&quot;.

The bass line hints at the chords that will be played and the key the song will be in. In this case the key of the song is D-major, a positive and happy key.


Chords

The D major chords that are being played here are chords stabs; short sounds with a quick decay (fade out). Two different instruments (#8 and #9) are used to form the chords. These instruments are quite similar, but have a slightly different sound, panning and volume decay. Again, the reason for this is to make the sound more human. The volume command is used on some chords to simulate a delay, to achieve more of a live feel. The chords are placed off-beat making for a funky rhythm.


Lead

Finally the lead melody is added. The other instruments are invaluable in holding the track together, but the lead melody is usually what catches people's attention.

A lot of notes and commands are used here, but it looks more complex than it is. A stepwise ascending melody plays in channel 13. Channel 14 and 15 copy this melody, but play it a few rows later at a lower volume. This creates an echo effect. A bit of panning is used on the notes to create some stereo depth. Like with the bass line, instead of cutting off notes the volume is set to low values for a reverb effect. The &quot;461&quot; effect adds a little vibrato to the note, which sounds nice on sustained notes.

Those paying close attention may notice the instrument used here for the lead melody is the same as the one used for the bass line (#6 &quot;Square&quot;), except played two or three octaves higher. This instrument is a looped square wave sample. Each type of wave has its own quirks, but the square wave (shown below) is a really versatile wave form.

Song structure

Good, catchy songs are often carefully structured into sections, some of which are repeated throughout the song with small variations.

A typical pop-song structure is: Intro - Verse - Chorus - Verse - Chorus - Bridge - Chorus.

Other single sectional song structures are

&lt;pre&gt;
Strophic or AAA Song Form - oldest story telling with refrain (often title of the song) repeated in every verse section melody 
AABA Song Form - early popular, jazz and gospel fading during the 1960s 
AB or Verse/Chorus Song Form - songwriting format of choice for modern popular music since the 1960s 
Verse/Chorus/Bridge Song Form
ABAB Song Form
ABAC Song Form
ABCD Song Form
AAB 12-Bar Song Form - three four-bar lines or sub-sections 
8-Bar Song Form
16-Bar Song Form
Hybrid / Compound Song Forms
&lt;/pre&gt;

The most common building blocks are:

#INTRODUCTION(INTRO)
#VERSE
#REFRAIN
#PRE-CHORUS / RISE / CLIMB
#CHORUS
#BRIDGE
#MIDDLE EIGHT
#SOLO / INSTRUMENTAL BREAK
#COLLISION
#CODA / OUTRO
#AD LIB (OFTEN IN CODA / OUTRO)

The chorus usually has more energy than the verse and often has a memorable melody line. As the chorus is repeated the most often during the song, it will be the part that people will remember.

The bridge often marks a change of direction in the song. It is not uncommon to change keys in the bridge, or at least to use a different chord sequence. The bridge is used to build up tension towards the big finale, the last repetition of chorus.


 Playing

RCTRL:                           Play song from row 0.

LSHIFT + RCTRL:                  Play song from current row.

RALT:                            Play pattern from row 0.

LSHIFT + RALT:                   Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on '&gt;':               Play song from row 0.

Right mouse on '&gt;':              Play song from current row.

Left mouse on '|&gt;':              Play pattern from row 0.

Right mouse on '|&gt;':             Play pattern from current row.

Left mouse on 'Edit/Record':     Edit mode on/off.

Right mouse on 'Edit/Record':    Record mode on/off.


 Editing 


LSHIFT + ESCAPE:                 Switch large patterns view on/off

TAB:                    Go to next track

LSHIFT + TAB:                    Go to prev. track

LCTRL + TAB:                    Go to next note in track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + TAB:           Go to prev. note in track

SPACE:                           Toggle Edit mode On &amp; Off

(Also stop if the song is being played)

SHIFT SPACE:                     Toggle Record mode On &amp; Off

(Wait for a key note to be pressed

or a midi in message to be received)

DOWN ARROW:                      1 Line down

UP ARROW:                        1 Line up

LEFT ARROW:                      1 Row left

RIGHT ARROW:                     1 Row right

PREV. PAGE:                      16 Arrows Up

NEXT PAGE:                       16 Arrows Down

HOME / END:                      Top left / Bottom right of pattern

LCTRL + HOME / END:              First / last track

F5, F6, F7, F8, F9:              Jump to 0, 1/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 lines of the patterns

+ - (Numeric keypad):           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous pattern

LCTRL + LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:    Next / Previous position

LALT + LEFT / RIGHT:           Next / Previous instrument

LSHIFT + M:                      Toggle mute state of the current channel

LCTRL + LSHIFT + M:             Solo the current track / Unmute all

LSHIFT + F1 to F11:              Select a tab/panel

LCTRL + 1 to 4:                 Select a copy buffer


 Tracking 

1st and 2nd keys rows:           Upper octave row

3rd and 4th keys rows:           Lower octave row

RSHIFT:                          Insert a note off

/ and * (Numeric keypad)

or F1 F2:                        -1 or +1 octave

INSERT / BACKSPACE:              Insert or Delete a line in current track

or current selected block.

LSHIFT + INSERT / BACKSPACE:     Insert or Delete a line in current pattern

DELETE (NOT BACKSPACE):          Empty a column or a selected block.


 Blocks

(Blocks can also be selected with the mouse by holding the right button and scrolling the pattern with the mouse wheel).


LCTRL + A:          Select entire current track

LCTRL + LSHIFT + A: Select entire current pattern

LALT + A:          Select entire column note in a track

LALT + LSHIFT + A: Select all notes of a track

LCTRL + X:          Cut the selected block and copy it into the block-buffer

LCTRL + C:          Copy the selected block into the block-buffer

LCTRL + V:          Paste the data from the block buffer into the pattern

LCTRL + I:          Interpolate selected data from the first to the last row of a selection

LSHIFT + ARROWS

PREV. PAGE

NEXT PAGE: Select a block

LCTRL + R:          Randomize the select columns of a selection, works similar to CTRL + I (interpolating them)

LCTRL + U:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher

LCTRL + D:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + U: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + D: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 seminote lower  (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + H:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher

LCTRL + L:          Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower

LCTRL + LSHIFT + H: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave higher (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + LSHIFT + L: Transpose the note of a selection to 1 octave lower (only for the current instrument)

LCTRL + W:          Save the current selection into a file


 Misc 


LALT + ENTER:     Switch between full screen / windowed mode

LALT + F4:        Exit program (Windows only)

LCTRL + S:         Save current module

LSHIFT + S:         Switch top right panel to synths list

LSHIFT + I:         Switch top right panel to instruments list


&lt;pre&gt;
C-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Volume 
B-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Jump to 
A#x  xh xx xx hhhh hhhh   Slide 
F-x    xh xx xx hhhh            Tempo 
D-x   xh xx xx hhhh             Pattern Break 
G#x  xh xx xx hhhh
&lt;/pre&gt;

h Hex 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E 0F 10 11 12 13

d Dec 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10  11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

The Set Volume command: C. Input a note, then move the cursor to the effects command column and type a C. Play the pattern, and you shouldn't be able to hear the note you placed the C by. This is because the effect parameters are 00. Change the two zeros to a 40(Hex)/64(Dec), depending on what your tracker uses. Play back the pattern again, and the note should come in at full volume.

The Position Jump command next. This is just a B followed by the position in the playing list that you want to jump to. One thing to remember is that the playing list always starts at 0, not 1. This command is usually in Hex.

Onto the volume slide command: A. This is slightly more complex (much more if you're using a newer tracker, if you want to achieve the results here, then set slides to Amiga, not linear), due to the fact it depends on the secondary tempo. For now set a secondary tempo of 06 (you can play around later), load a long or looped sample and input a note or two. A few rows after a note type in the effect command A. For the parameters use 0F. Play back the pattern, and you should notice that when the effect kicks in, the sample drops to a very low volume very quickly. Change the effect parameters to F0, and use a low volume command on the note. Play back the pattern, and when the slide kicks in the volume of the note should increase very quickly.
This because each part of the effect parameters for command A does a different thing. The first number slides the volume up, and the second slides it down. It's not recommended that you use both a volume up and volume down at the same time, due to the fact the tracker only looks for the first number that isn't set to 0. If you specify parameters of 8F, the tracker will see the 8, ignore the F, and slide the volume up. Using a slide up and down at same time just makes you look stupid. Don't do it...

The Set Tempo command: F, is pretty easy to understand. You simply specify the BPM (in Hex) that you want to change to. One important thing to note is that values of lower than 20 (Hex) sets the secondary tempo rather than the primary.

Another useful command is the Pattern Break: D. This will stop the playing of the current pattern and skip to the next one in the playing list. By using parameters of more than 00 you can also specify which line to begin playing from.

Command 3 is Portamento to Note. This slides the currently playing note to another note, at a specified speed. The slide then stops when it reaches the desired note. 
&lt;pre&gt;
   C-2 1 000 - Starts the note playing
   ---      000
   C-3    330 - Starts the slide to C-3 at a speed of 30.
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
   ---     300 - Continues the slide
&lt;/pre&gt;
Once the parameters have been set, the command can be input again without any parameters, and it'll still perform the same function unless you change the parameters. This memory function allows certain commands to function correctly, such as command 5, which is the Portamento to Note and Volume Slide command. Once command 3 has been set up command 5 will simply take the parameters from that and perform a Portamento to Note. Any parameters set up for command 5 itself simply perform a Volume Slide identical to command A at the same time as the Portamento to Note.

This memory function will only operate in the same channel where the original parameters were set up.
There are various other commands which perform two functions at once. They will be described as we come across them.

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  02

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  05

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  08

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0A

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  00 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  0D

C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10 ---&gt; C-3  04  ..  ..  09  10

(You can also switch on the Slider Rec to On, and perform parameter-live-recording, such as cutoff transitions, resonance or panning tweaking, etc..)  Note: this command only works for volume/panning and fx datas columns.


The next command we'll look at is the Portamento up/down: 1 and 2. Command 1 slides the pitch up at a specified speed, and 2 slides it down. This command works in a similar way to the volume slide, in that it is dependent on the secondary tempo. Both these commands have a memory dependent on each other, if you set the slide to a speed of 3 with the 1 command, a 2 command with no parameters will use the speed of 3 from the 1 command, and vice versa.

Command 4 is Vibrato. Vibrato is basically rapid changes in pitch, just try it, and you'll see what I mean. Parameters are in the format of xy, where x is the speed of the slide, and y is the depth of the slide. One important point to remember is to keep your vibratos subtle and natural so a depth of 3 or less and a reasonably fast speed, around 8, is usually used. Setting the depth too high can make the part sound out of tune from the rest.
Following on from command 4 is command 6. This is the Vibrato and Volume Slide command, and it has a memory like command 5, which you already know how to use.

Command 7 is Tremolo. This is similar to vibrato. Rather than changing the pitch it slides the volume. The effect parameters are in exactly the same format.   vibrato effect (0x1dxy) x = speed y = depth (can't be used if arpeggio (0x1b) is turned on) 

&lt;pre&gt;
 C-7 00 .. .. 1B37 &lt;-  Turn Arpeggio effect on
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B38 &lt;- Change datas
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 0000
  --- .. .. .. 1B00 &lt;- Turn it off
&lt;/pre&gt;

Command 9 is Sample Offset. This starts the playback of the sample from a different place than the start. The effect parameters specify the sample offset, but only very roughly. Say you have a sample which is 8765(Hex) bytes long, and you wanted it to play from position 4321(Hex). The effect parameter could only be as accurate as the 43 part, and it would ignore the 21.

Command B is the Playing List/Order Jump command. The parameters specify the position in the Playing List/Order to jump to. When used in conjunction with command D you can specify the position and the line to play from.

Command E is pretty complex, as it is used for a lot of different things, depending on what the first parameter is. Let's take a trip through each effect in order.
Command E0 controls the hardware filter on an Amiga, which, as a low pass filter, cuts off the highest frequencies being played back. There are very few players and trackers on other system that simulate this function, not that you should need to use it. The second parameter, if set to 1, turns on the filter. If set to 0, the filter gets turned off.

Commands E1/E2 are Fine Portamento Up/Down. Exactly the same functions as commands 1/2, except that they only slide the pitch by a very small amount. These commands have a memory the same as 1/2 as well.

Command E3 sets the Glissando control. If parameters are set to 1 then when using command 3, any sliding will only use the notes in between the original note and the note being slid to. This produces a somewhat jumpier slide than usual. The best way to understand is to try it out for yourself. Produce a slow slide with command 3, listen to it, and then try using E31.

Command E4 is the Set Vibrato Waveform control. This command controls how the vibrato command slides the pitch. Parameters are 0 - Sine, 1 - Ramp Down (Saw), 2 - Square. By adding 4 to the parameters, the waveform will not be restarted when a new note is played e.g. 5 - Sine without restart.

Command E5 sets the Fine Tune of the instrument being played, but only for the particular note being played. It will override the default Fine Tune for the instrument. The parameters range from 0 to F, with 0 being -8 and F being +8 Fine Tune. A parameter of 8 gives no Fine Tune. If you're using a newer tracker that supports more than -8 to +8 e.g. -128 to +128, these parameters will give a rough Fine Tune, accurate to the nearest 16.

Command E6 is the Jump Loop command. You mark the beginning of the part of a pattern that you want to loop with E60, and then specify with E6x the end of the loop, where x is the number of times you want it to loop.

Command E7 is the Set Tremolo Waveform control. This has exactly the same parameters as command E4, except that it works for Tremolo rather than Vibrato.

Command E9 is for Retriggering the note quickly. The parameter specifies the interval between the retrigs. Use a value of less than the current secondary tempo, or else the note will not get retrigged.

Command EA/B are for Fine Volume Slide Up/Down. Much the same as the normal Volume Slides, except that these are easier to control since they don't depend on the secondary tempo. The parameters specify the amount to slide by e.g. if you have a sample playing at a volume of 08 (Hex) then the effect EA1 will slide this volume to 09 (Hex). A subsequent effect of EB4 would slide this volume down to 05 (Hex).

Command EC is the Note Cut. This sets the volume of the currently playing note to 0 at a specified tick. The parameters should be lower than the secondary tempo or else the effect won't work.

Command ED is the Note Delay. This should be used at the same time as a note is to be played, and the parameters will specify the number of ticks to delay playing the note. Again, keep the parameters lower than the secondary tempo, or the note won't get played!

Command EE is the Pattern Delay. This delays the pattern for the amount of time it would take to play a certain number of rows. The parameters specify how many rows to delay for.

Command EF is the Funk Repeat command. Set the sample loop to 0-1000. When EFx is used, the loop will be moved to 1000- 2000, then to 2000-3000 etc. After 9000-10000 the loop is set back to 0- 1000. The speed of the loop &quot;movement&quot; is defined by x. E is two times as slow as F, D is three times as slow as F etc. EF0 will turn the Funk Repeat off and reset the loop (to 0-1000).

effects 0x41 and 0x42 to control the volumes of the 2 303 units

There is a dedicated panel for synth parameter editing with coherent sections (osc, filter modulation, routing, so on) the interface is much nicer, much better to navigate with customizable colors, the reverb is now customizable (10 delay lines), It accepts newer types of Waves (higher bit rates, at least 24). Has a replay routine.

It's pretty much your basic VA synth. The problem isn't with the sampler being to high it's the synth is tuned two octaves too low, but if you want your samples tuned down just set the base note down 2 octaves (in the instrument panel).

so the synth is basically divided into 3 sections from left to right: oscillators/envelopes, then filter and LFO's, and in the right column you have mod routings and global settings.

for the oscillator section you have two normal oscillators (sine, saw, square, noise), the second of which is tunable, the first one tunes with the key pressed. Attached to OSC 1 is a sub-oscillator, which is a sawtooth wave tuned one octave down. The phase modulation controls the point in the duty cycle at which the oscillator starts. The ADSR envelope sliders (grouped with oscs) are for modulation envelope 1 and 2 respectively. you can use the synth as a sampler by choosing the instrument at the top.

In the filter column, the filter settings are: 1 = lowpass, 2 = highpass, 3 = off. cutoff and resonance. For the LFOs they are LFO 1 and LFO 2, the ADSR sliders in those are for the LFO itself.

For the modulation routings you have ENV 1, LFO 1 for the first slider and ENV 2, LFO 2 for the second, you can cycle through the individual routings there, and you can route each modulation source to multiple destinations of course, which is another big plus for this synth. Finally the glide time is for portamento and master volume, well, the master volume... it can go quite loud.

The sequencer is changed too, It's more like the one in AXS if you've used that, where you can mute tracks to re-use patterns with variation.


&lt;pre&gt;
Support for the following modules formats:
669 (Composer 669, Unis 669), 
AMF (DSMI Advanced Module Format), 
AMF (ASYLUM Music Format V1.0), 
APUN (APlayer), DSM (DSIK internal format), 
FAR (Farandole Composer), 
GDM (General DigiMusic), 
IT (Impulse Tracker), 
IMF (Imago Orpheus), 
MOD (15 and 31 instruments), 
MED (OctaMED), 
MTM (MultiTracker Module editor), 
OKT (Amiga Oktalyzer), 
S3M (Scream Tracker 3), 
STM (Scream Tracker), 
STX (Scream Tracker Music Interface Kit), 
ULT (UltraTracker), 
UNI (MikMod), 
XM (FastTracker 2),
Mid (midi format via timidity)
&lt;/pre&gt;


Possible plugin options include [http://lv2plug.in/ LV2],


====Midi - Musical Instrument Digital Interface====

A midi file typically contains music that plays on up to 16 channels (as per the midi standard), but many notes can simultaneously play on each channel (depending on the limit of the midi hardware playing it).

'''Timidity'''

Although usually already installed, you can uncompress the [http://www.libsdl.org/projects/SDL_mixer/ timidity.tar.gz (14MB)] into a suitable drawer like below's SYS:Extras/Audio/ 
 assign timidity: SYS:Extras/Audio/timidity
added to SYSːs/User-Startup

'''WildMidi playback'''


'''Audio Evolution 4 (2003) 4.0.23 (from 2012)'''


*Sync Menu    - CAMD Receive, Send checked 
*Options Menu - MIDI Machine Control - Midi Bar Display - Select CAMD MIDI in / out - Midi Remote Setup 


MCB Master Control Bus 
*Sending a MIDI start-command and a Song Position Pointer, you can synchronize audio with an external MIDI sequencer (like B&amp;P). 
*B&amp;P Receive, start AE, add AudioEvolution.ptool in Bars&amp;Pipes track, press play / record in AE then press play in Pipes 
*CAMD Receive, receive MIDI start or continue commands via camd.library sync to AE 


*MIDI Machine Control
*Midi Bar Display 
*Select CAMD MIDI in / out
*Midi Remote Setup - open requester for external MIDI controllers to control app mixer and transport controls cc remotely 
 Channel   - mixer(vol, pan, mute, solo), eq, aux, fx, 
 Subgroup  - Volume, Mute, Solo 
 Transport - Start, End, Play, Stop, Record, Rewind, Forward 
 Misc      - Master vol., Bank Down, Bank up 


&lt;pre&gt;
q        - quit 

First 3 already opened when AE started 
F1       - timeline window
F2       - mixer 
F3       - control 
F4       - subgroups 
F5       - aux returns 
F6       - sample list 

i        - Load sample to use 

space    - start/stop play 
b        - reset time 0:00


s        - split mode 
r        - open recording window 
a        - automation edit mode with p panning, m mute and v volume 


[ / ]    - zoom in / out 
:        - previous track
*        - next track 

x c v f  - cut copy paste cross-fade 
g        - snap grid 


&lt;/pre&gt;


 '''[http://bnp.hansfaust.de/ Bars n Pipes sequencer]'''

 BarsnPipes debug ... in shell 

Menu (right mouse)  
*Song        - Songs load and save in .song format but option here to load/save Midi_Files .mid in FORMAT0 or FORMAT1 
*Track       - 
*Edit        -
*Tool        - 
*Timing      - SMTPE Synchronizing 
*Windows     - 
*Preferences - Multiple MIDI-in option 

Windows (some of these are usually already opened when Bars n Pipes starts up for the first time) 
*Workflow -&gt; Tracks, .... Song Construction, Time-line Scoring, Media Madness, Mix Maestro, 
*Control  -&gt; Transport (or mini one), Windows (which collects all the Windows icons together-shortcut), .... Toolbox, Accessories, Metronome, 

Once you have your windows placed on the screen that suits your workflow, Song -&gt; Save as Default will save the positions, colors, icons, etc as you'd like them 

If you need a particular setup of Tracks, Tools, Tempos etc, you save them all as a new song you can load each time 

Right mouse menu -&gt; Preferences -&gt; Environment... -&gt; ScreenMode  - Linkages for Synch (to Slave) usbmidi.out.0 and Send (Master) usbmidi.in.0 - Clock MTC 


'''Tracks'''

#Double-click on B&amp;P's icon. B&amp;P will then open with an empty Song. You can also double-click on a song icon to open a song in B&amp;P.
#Choose a track. The B&amp;P screen will contain a Tracks Window with a number of tracks shown as pipelines (Track 1, Track 2, etc...). To choose a track, simply click on the gray box to show an arrow-icon to highlight it. This icon show whether a track is chosen or not. To the right of the arrow-icon, you can see the icon for the midi-input. If you double-click on this icon you can change the MIDI-in setup.
#Choose Record for the track. To the right of the MIDI-input channel icon you can see a pipe. This leads to another clickable icon with that shows either P, R or M. This stands for Play, Record or Merge. To change the icon, simply click on it. If you choose P, this track can only play the track (you can't record anything). If you choose R, you can record what you play and it overwrites old stuff in the track. If you choose M, you merge new records with old stuff in the track. Choose R now to be able to make a record.
#Chose MIDI-channel. On the most right part of the track you can see an icon with a number in it. This is the MIDI-channel selector. Here you must choose a MIDI-channel that is available on your synthesizer/keyboard. If you choose General MIDI channel 10, most synthesizer will play drum sounds. To the left of this icon is the MIDI-output icon. Double-click on this icon to change the MIDI-output configuration.
#Start recording. The next step is to start recording. You must then find the control buttons (they look like buttons on a CD-player). To be able to make a record. you must click on the R icon. You can simply now press the play button (after you have pressed the R button) and play something on you keyboard. To playback your composition, press the Play button on the control panel.
#Edit track. To edit a track, you simply double click in the middle part of a track. You will then get a new window containing the track, where you can change what you have recorded using tools provided. Take also a look in the drop-down menus for more features.


Videos to help understand [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6gVTX-9900 small intro], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4&amp;t=3s Overview], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixOVutKsYQo Workplace Setup CC PC Sysex], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDnJLYPaZTs Import Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BC3kkzPLkv4 Tempo Mapping], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sd23kqMYPDs ptool Arpeggi-8], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDJq-YxgwQg  PlayMidi Song], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DY9Pu5P9TaU Amiga Midi], [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abq_rUTiSA4 Learning Amiga bars and Pipes], 

Groups like [https://groups.io/g/barsnpipes/topics this] could help 


'''Tracks window'''

* blue &quot;1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Group&quot; and transport tape deck VCR-type controls
* Flags 
* [http://theproblem.alco-rhythm.com/org/bp.html Track 1, Track2, to Track 16, on each Track there are many options that can be activated] 

Each Track has a 

*Left LHS  - Click in grey box to select what Track to work on, Midi-In ptool icon should be here (5pin plug icon), and many more from the Toolbox on the Input Pipeline 
*Middle    - (P, R, M) Play, Record, Merge/Multi before the sequencer line and a blue/red/yellow (Thru Mute Play) Tap 
*Right RHS - Output pipeline, can have icons placed uopn it with the final ptool icon(s) being the 5pin icon symbol for Midi-OUT 

Clogged pipelines may need Esc pressed several times 


'''Toolbox (tools affect the chosen pipeline)'''

After opening the Toolbox window you can add extra Tools (.ptool) for the pipelines like keyboard(virtual), midimonitor, quick patch, transpose, triad, (un)quantize, feedback in/out, velocity etc
 right mouse -&gt; Toolbox menu option -&gt; Install Tool... and navigate to Tool drawer (folder) and select requried .ptool 

Accompany B tool to get some sort of rythmic accompaniment, Rythm Section and Groove Quantize are examples of other tools that make use of rythms
[https://aminet.net/search?query=bars Bars &amp; Pipes pattern format .ptrn] for drawer (folder). Load from the Menu as Track or Group 


'''Accessories (affect the whole app)''' 

Accessories -&gt; Install... and goto the Accessories drawer for .paccess like adding ARexx scripting support 


'''Song Construction'''
&lt;pre&gt;
F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Duplicator 
F5  Eraser 
F6  Toolpad 
F7  Bounding box 
F8  Lock to A-B-A 

A-B-A strip, section, edit flags, white boxes, 

&lt;/pre&gt;


Bars&amp;Pipes Professional offers three track formats; basic song tracks, linear tracks — which don't loop — and finally real‑time tracks. The difference between them is that both song and linear tracks respond to tempo changes, while real‑time tracks use absolute timing, always trigger at the same instant regardless of tempo alterations 

'''Tempo Map'''

F1  Pencil
F2  Magic Wand
F3  Hand 
F4  Eraser 
F5  Curve 
F6  Toolpad 


Compositions

Lyrics, Key, Rhythm, Time Signature 

'''Master Parameters'''

Key, Scale/Mode

'''Track Parameters'''

Dynamics 


'''Time-line Scoring'''


'''Media Madness'''


'''Mix Maestro'''


*ACCESSORIES         Allows the importation of other packages and additional modules 
*CLIPBOARD           Full cut, copy and paste operations, enabling user‑definable clips to be shared between tracks.
*INFORMATION         A complete rundown on the state of the current production and your machine.
*MASTER PARAMETERS   Enables global definition of time signatures, lyrics, scales, chords, dynamics and rhythm changes.
*MEDIA MADNESS       A complete multimedia sequencer which allows samples, stills, animation, etc 
*METRONOME           Tempo feedback via MIDI, internal Amiga audio and colour cycling — all three can be mixed and matched as required.
*MIX MAESTRO         Completely automated mixdown with control for both volume and pan. All fader alterations are memorised by the software 
*RECORD ACTIVATION   Complete specification of the data to be recorded/merged. Allows overdubbing of pitch‑bend, program changes, modulation etc
*SET FLAGS           Numeric positioning of location and edit flags in either SMPTE or musical time 
*SONG CONSTRUCTION   Large‑scale cut and paste of individual measures, verses or chorus, by means of bounding box and drag‑n‑drop mouse selections
*TEMPO MAP           Tempo change using a variety of linear and non‑linear transition curves 
*TEMPO PALETTE       Instant tempo changes courtesy of four user‑definable settings.
*TIMELINE SCORING    Sequencing of a selection of songs over a defined period — ideal for planning an entire set for a live performance.
*TOOLBOX             Selection screen for the hundreds of signal‑processing tools available 
*TRACKS              Opens the main track window to enable recording, editing and the use of tools.
*TRANSPORT           Main playback control window, which also provides access to user‑ defined flags, loop and punch‑in record modes.


Bars and Pipes Pro 2.5 is using internal 4-Byte IDs, to check which kind of data are currently processed.
Especially in all its files the IDs play an important role. The IDs are stored into the file in the same order they are laid out in the memory.

In a Bars 'N' Pipes file (no matter which kind) the ID &quot;NAME&quot; (saved as its ANSI-values) is stored on a big endian system (68k-computer) as &quot;NAME&quot;. On a little endian system (x86 PC computer) as &quot;EMAN&quot;.  The target is to make the AROS-BnP compatible to songs, which were stored on a 68k computer (AMIGA).

If possible, setting MIDI channels for Local Control for your keyboard 

http://www.fromwithin.com/liquidmidi/archive.shtml


MIDI files are essentially a stream of event data. An event can be many things, but typically &quot;note on&quot;, &quot;note off&quot;, &quot;program change&quot;, &quot;controller change&quot;, or messages that instruct a MIDI compatible synth how to play a given bit of music.

* Channel     - 1 to 16 -
* Messages    - PC presets, CC effects like delays, reverbs,  etc 
* Sequencing  - MIDI instruments, Drums, Sound design, 
* Recording   - 
* GUI         - Piano roll or Tracker, Staves and Notes 

MIDI events/messages like step entry e.g. Note On, Note Off 

MIDI events/messages like PB, PC, CC, Mono and Poly After-Touch, Sysex, etc 

MIDI sync - Midi Clocks (SPS Measures), Midi Time Code (h, m, s and frames) SMPTE 

Individual track editing with audition edits so easier to test any changes. Possible to stop track playback, mix clips from the right edit flag and scroll the display using arrow keys. 

Step entry, to extend a selected note hit the space bar and the note grows accordingly. Ability to cancel mouse‑driven edits by simply clicking the right mouse button — at which point everything snaps back into its original form. Lyrics can now be put in with syllable dividers, even across an entire measure or section. Autoranging when you open a edit window, the notes are automatically displayed — working from the lowest upwards. 

Flag editing, shift‑click on a flag immediately open the bounds window, ready for numeric input. Ability to cancel edits using the right‑hand mouse button, plus much improved Bounding Box operations.

Icons other than the BarsnPipes icon -&gt; PUBSCREEN=BarsnPipes (cannot choose modes higher than 8bit 256 colors)

Preferences -&gt; Menu in Tracks window - Send MIDI defaults OFF 

Prefs -&gt; Environment -&gt; screenmode (saved to BarsnPipes.prefs binary file) 

Customization -&gt; pics in gui drawer (folder) - 


Can save as .song files and .mid General Midi 

SMF is a “Standard Midi File”  ([http://www.music.mcgill.ca/~ich/classes/mumt306/StandardMIDIfileformat.html SMF0, SMF1 and SMF2]), [https://github.com/stump/libsmf libsmf], [https://github.com/markc/midicomp MIDIcomp], [https://github.com/MajicDesigns/MD_MIDIFile C++ src], [], [https://github.com/newdigate/midi-smf-reader Midi player], 

* SMF0        All MIDI data is stored in one track only, separated exclusively by the MIDI channel.
* SMF1        The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks/channels.
* SMF2 (rarely used) The MIDI data is stored in separate tracks, which are additionally wrapped in containers, so it's possible to have e.g. several tracks using the same MIDI channels.


Would it be possible to enrich Bars N’Pipes with software synth and sample support along with audio recording and mastering tools like in the named MAC or PC music sequencers?
On the classic AMIGA-OS this is not possible because of missing CPU-power. The hardware of the classic AMIGA is not further developed. So we must say (unfortunately) that those dreams can’t become reality

BarsnPipes is best used with external MIDI-equipment. This can be a keyboard or synthesizer with MIDI-connectors. 

&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI can control 16 channels 
There are USB-MIDI-Interfaces on the market with 16 independent MIDI-lines (multi-port), which can handle 16 MIDI devices independently – 16×16 = 256 independent MIDI-channels or instruments 
handle up to 16 different USB-MIDI-Interfaces (multi-device). That is: 16X16X16 = 4096 independent MIDI-channels – theoretically 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Librarian MIDI SYStem EXplorer (sysex) - PatchEditor and used to be supplied as a separate program like PatchMeister but currently not at present 
It should support MIDI.library (PD), BlueRibbon.library (B&amp;P), TriplePlayPlus, and CAMD.library (DeluxeMusic) and 
MIDI information from a device's user manual and configure a custom interface to access parameters for all MIDI products connected to the system 
Supports ALL MIDI events and the Patch/Librarian data is stored in MIDI standard format 
Annette M.Crowling, Missing Link Software, Inc.
&lt;/pre&gt;


Composers
&lt;pre&gt;
[https://x.com/hirasawa/status/1403686519899054086 Susumu Hirasawa] 

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
1988 Todor Fay and his wife Melissa Jordan Gray, who founded the Blue Ribbon Inc
1992 Bars&amp;Pipes Pro published 
November 2000, Todor Fay announcement to release the sourcecode of Bars&amp;Pipes Pro 2.5c beta
end of May 2001, the source of the main program and the sources of some tools and accessories were in a complete and compileable state 
end of October 2009 stop further development of BarsnPipes New for now on all supported systems and made freeware 
2013 Alfred Faust diagnosed with incureable illness, called „Myastenia gravis“ (weak muscles) 
&lt;/pre&gt;


 Protrekkr

How to use Midi In/Out in Protrekkr ?

First of all, midi in &amp; out capabilities of this program are rather limited.

# Go to Misc. Setup section and select a midi in or out device to use (ptk only supports one device at a time).
# Go to instrument section, and select a MIDI PRG (the default is N/A, which means no midi program selected).
# Go to track section and here you can assign a midi channel to each track of ptk.
# Play notes :]. Note off works. F'x' note cut command also works too, and note-volume command (speed) is supported.

Also, you can change midicontrollers in the tracker, using '90' in the panning row:

&lt;pre&gt;
    C-3 02 .. .. 0000....


    --- .. .. 90 xxyy.... &lt;&lt; This will set the value 
    --- .. .. .. 0000....    of the controller n.'xx' to 'yy' (both in hex)
    --- .. .. .. 0000....
&lt;/pre&gt;

So &quot;--- .. .. 90 2040....&quot; will set the controller number $20(32) to $40(64).

You will need the midi implementation table of your gear to know what you can change with midi controller messages.

 N.B. Not all MIDI devices are created equal!

Although the MIDI specification defines a large range of MIDI messages of various kinds, not every MIDI device is required to work in exactly the same way and respond to all the available messages and ways of working. For example, we don't expect a wind synthesiser to work in the same way as a home keyboard.

Some devices, the older ones perhaps, are only able to respond to a single channel. With some of those devices that channel can be altered from the default of 1 (probably) to another channel of the 16 possible.

Other devices, for instance monophonic synthesisers, are capable of producing just one note at a time, on one MIDI channel. Others can produce many notes spread across many channels.

Further devices can respond to, and transmit, &quot;breath controller&quot; data (MIDI controller number 2 (CC#2)) others may respond to the reception of CC#2 but not be able to create and to send it.

A controller keyboard may be capable of sending &quot;expression pedal&quot; data, but another device may not be capable of responding to that message.

Some devices just have the basic GM sound set. The &quot;voice&quot; or &quot;instrument&quot; is selected using a &quot;Program Change&quot; message on its own.

Other devices have a greater selection of voices, usually arranged in &quot;banks&quot;, and the choice of instrument is made by responding to &quot;Bank Select MSB&quot; (MIDI controller 0 (CC#0)), others use &quot;Bank Select LSB&quot; (MIDI controller number 32 (CC#32)), yet others use both MSB and LSB sent one after the other, all followed by the Program Change message. The detailed information about all the different voices will usually be available in a published MIDI Data List.


 MIDI Implementation Chart

But in the User Manual there is sometimes a summary of how the device works, in terms of MIDI, in the chart at the back of the manual, the MIDI Implementation Chart.

If you require two devices to work together you can compare the two implementation charts to see if they are &quot;compatible&quot;. In order to do this we will need to interpret that chart.

The chart is divided into four columns headed &quot;Function&quot;, &quot;Transmitted&quot; (or &quot;Tx&quot;), &quot;Received&quot; (or &quot;Rx&quot;), or more correctly &quot;Recognised&quot;, and finally, &quot;Remarks&quot;.

&lt;pre&gt;
The left hand column defines which MIDI functions are being described.
The 2nd column defines what the device in question is capable of transmitting to another device.
The 3rd column defines what the device is capable of responding to.
The 4th column is for explanations of the values contained within these previous two columns.
&lt;/pre&gt;

There should then be twelve sections, with possibly a thirteenth containing extra &quot;Notes&quot;. Finally there should be an explanation of the four MIDI &quot;modes&quot; and what the &quot;X&quot; and the &quot;O&quot; mean.
&lt;pre&gt;
Mode 1: Omni On, Poly; 
Mode 2: Omni On, Mono; 
Mode 3: Omni Off, Poly; 
Mode 4: Omni Off, Mono.
&lt;/pre&gt;
O means &quot;yes&quot; (implemented), X means &quot;no&quot; (not implemented).

Sometimes you will find a row of asterisks &quot;**************&quot;, these seem to indicate that the data is not applicable in this case. Seen in the transmitted field only (unless you've seen otherwise).

Lastly you may find against some entries an asterisk followed by a number e.g. *1, these will refer you to further information, often on a following page, giving more detail.

Basic Channel
But the very first set of boxes will tell us the &quot;Basic Channel(s)&quot; that the device sends or receives on. 
&quot;Default&quot; is what happens when the device is first turned on, &quot;changed&quot; is what a switch of some kind may allow the device to be set to. 
For many devices e.g. a GM sound module or a home keyboard, this would be 1-16 for both. That is it can handle sending and receiving on all MIDI channels.

On other devices, for example a synthesiser, it may by default only work on channel 1. But the keyboard could be &quot;split&quot; with the lower notes e.g. on channel 2. If the synth has an arppegiator, this may be able to be set to transmit and or receive on yet another channel.
So we might see the default as &quot;1&quot; but the changed as &quot;1-16&quot;.

Modes.
We need to understand Omni On and Off, and Mono and Poly, then we can decipher the four modes.

But first we need to understand that any of these four Mode messages can be sent to any MIDI channel. They don't necessarily apply to the whole device.

If we send an &quot;Omni On&quot; message (CC#125) to a MIDI channel of a device, we are, in effect, asking it to respond to e.g. a Note On / Off message pair, received on any of the sixteen channels. Sound strange? Read it again. Still strange? It certainly is. We normally want a MIDI channel to respond only to Note On / Off messages sent on that channel, not any other. In other words, &quot;Omni Off&quot;.

So &quot;Omni Off&quot; (CC#124) tells a channel of our MIDI device to respond only to messages sent on that MIDI channel.

&quot;Poly&quot; (CC#127) is for e.g. a channel of a polyphonic sound module, or a home keyboard, to be able to respond to many simultaneous Note On / Off message pairs at once and produce musical chords.

&quot;Mono&quot; (CC#126) allows us to set a channel to respond as if it were e.g. a flute or a trumpet, playing just one note at a time. If the device is capable of it, then the overlapping of notes will produce legato playing, that is the attack portion of the second note of two overlapping notes will be removed resulting in a &quot;smoother&quot; transition.

So a channel with a piano voice assigned to it will have Omni Off, Poly On (Mode 3), a channel with a saxophone voice assigned could be Omni Off, Mono On (Mode 4).

We call these combinations the four modes, 1 to 4, as defined above. 
Most modern devices will have their channels set to Mode 3 (Omni Off, Poly) but be switchable, on a per channel basis, to Mode 4 (Omni Off, Mono).

This second section of data will include first its default value i.e. upon device switch on. Then what Mode messages are acceptable, or X if none.

Finally, in the &quot;Altered&quot; field, how a Mode message that can't be implemented will be interpreted. Usually there will just be a row of asterisks effectively meaning nothing will be done if you try to switch to an unimplemented mode.

Note Number
&lt;pre&gt;
The next row will tell us which MIDI notes the device can send or receive, normally 0-127.
The second line, &quot;True Voice&quot; has the following in the MIDI specification: 
&quot;Range of received note numbers falling within the range of true notes produced by the instrument.&quot;
My interpretation is that, for instance, a MIDI piano may be capable of sending all MIDI notes (0 to 127) by transposition, but only responding to the 88 notes (21 to 108) of a real piano. 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Velocity
This will tell us whether the device we're looking at will handle note velocity, and what range from 1-127, or maybe just 64, it transmits or will recognise. So usually &quot;O&quot; plus a range or &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.

After touch
This may have one or two lines two it.
If a one liner the either &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot;, yes or no.
If a two liner then it may include &quot;Keys&quot; or &quot;Poly&quot; and &quot;Channel&quot;.
This will show whether the device will respond to Polyphonic after touch or channel after touch or neither.

Pitch Bend
Again &quot;O&quot; for implemented, &quot;X&quot; for not implemented.
(Many stage pianos will have no pitch bend capability.)
It may also, in the notes section, state whether it will respond to the full 14 bits, or not, as usually encoded by the pitch bend wheel.

Control Change
This is likely to be the largest section of the chart.
It will list all those controllers, starting from CC#0, Bank Select MSB, which the device is capable of sending, and those that it will respond to using &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; respectively.
You will, almost certainly, get some further explanation of functionality in the remarks column, or in more detail elsewhere in the documentation.

Of course you will need to know what all the various controller numbers do. Lots of the official technical specifications can be found at the [www.midi.org/techspecs/ MMA], with the table of messages and control change [www.midi.org/techspecs/midimessages.php message numbers]

Program Change
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; in the Transmitted or Recognised column to indicate whether or not the feature is implemented. In addition a range of numbers is shown, typically 0-127, to show what is available.
True # (number): &quot;The range of the program change numbers which correspond to the actual number of patches selected.&quot;

System Exclusive
Used to indicate whether or not the device can send or recognise System Exclusive messages. A short description is often given in the Remarks field followed by a detailed explanation elsewhere in the documentation.

System Common - These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame messages (device synchronisation).
Song Position Pointer
Song Select
Tune Request
&lt;/pre&gt;
The section will indicate whether or not the device can send or respond to any of these messages.

System Real Time
These include the following:
&lt;pre&gt;
Timing Clock - often just written as &quot;Clock&quot;
Start
Stop
Continue
&lt;/pre&gt;
These three are usually just referred to as &quot;Commands&quot; and listed.
Again the section will indicate which, if any, of these messages the device can send or respond to.
&lt;pre&gt;
Aux. Messages
Again &quot;O&quot; or &quot;X&quot; for implemented or not.
Aux. = Auxiliary.
Active Sense = Active Sensing.
&lt;/pre&gt;
Often with an explanation of the action of the device.

Notes
The &quot;Notes&quot; section can contain any additional comments to clarify the particular implementation.

Some of the explanations have been drawn directly from the MMA MIDI 1.0 Detailed Specification.
And the detailed explanation of some of the functions will be found there, or in the General MIDI System Level 1 or General MIDI System Level 2 documents also published by the MMA.


 OFFICIAL MIDI SPECIFICATIONS

SUMMARY OF MIDI MESSAGES
Table 1 - Summary of MIDI Messages

The following table lists the major MIDI messages in numerical (binary) order (adapted from &quot;MIDI by the Numbers&quot; by D. Valenti, Electronic Musician 2/88, and updated by the MIDI Manufacturers Association.). This table is intended as an overview of MIDI, and is by no means complete.

WARNING! Details about implementing these messages can dramatically impact compatibility with other products. We strongly recommend consulting the official MIDI Specifications for additional information.

MIDI 1.0 Specification

Message Summary Channel Voice Messages [nnnn = 0-15 (MIDI Channel Number 1-16)]

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1000nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note Off event. 
This message is sent when a note is released (ended). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1001nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Note On event. 
This message is sent when a note is depressed (start). (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the velocity.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1010nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0kkkkkkk 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Polyphonic Key Pressure (Aftertouch). 
This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. (kkkkkkk) is the key (note) number. (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Control Change. 
This message is sent when a controller value changes. Controllers include devices such as pedals and levers. Controller numbers 120-127 are reserved as &quot;Channel Mode Messages&quot; (below). (ccccccc) is the controller number (0-119). (vvvvvvv) is the controller value (0-127).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1100nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ppppppp || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Program Change. This message sent when the patch number changes. (ppppppp) is the new program number.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1101nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Pressure (After-touch). This message is most often sent by pressing down on the key after it &quot;bottoms out&quot;. This message is different from polyphonic after-touch. Use this message to send the single greatest pressure value (of all the current depressed keys). (vvvvvvv) is the pressure value.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1110nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Pitch Bend Change. This message is sent to indicate a change in the pitch bender (wheel or lever, typically). The pitch bender is measured by a fourteen bit value. Center (no pitch change) is 2000H. Sensitivity is a function of the receiver, but may be set using RPN 0. (lllllll) are the least significant 7 bits. (mmmmmmm) are the most significant 7 bits.
|}

Channel Mode Messages (See also Control Change, above)

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;1011nnnn || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0ccccccc 0vvvvvvv || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Channel Mode Messages. 
This the same code as the Control Change (above), but implements Mode control and special message by using reserved controller numbers 120-127. The commands are:
*All Sound Off. When All Sound Off is received all oscillators will turn off, and their volume envelopes are set to zero as soon as possible c = 120, v = 0: All Sound Off
*Reset All Controllers. When Reset All Controllers is received, all controller values are reset to their default values. (See specific Recommended Practices for defaults) c = 121, v = x: Value must only be zero unless otherwise allowed in a specific Recommended Practice.
*Local Control. When Local Control is Off, all devices on a given channel will respond only to data received over MIDI. Played data, etc. will be ignored. Local Control On restores the functions of the normal controllers. 
c = 122, v = 0: Local Control Off
c = 122, v = 127: Local Control On
* All Notes Off. When an All Notes Off is received, all oscillators will turn off. 
c = 123, v = 0: All Notes Off (See text for description of actual mode commands.)
c = 124, v = 0: Omni Mode Off 
c = 125, v = 0: Omni Mode On 
c = 126, v = M: Mono Mode On (Poly Off) where M is the number of channels (Omni Off) or 0 (Omni On) 
c = 127, v = 0: Poly Mode On (Mono Off) (Note: These four messages also cause All Notes Off)
|}

System Common Messages

System Messages (0xF0)

The final status nybble is a “catch all” for data that doesn’t fit the other statuses. They all use the most significant nybble (4bits) of 0xF, with the least significant nybble indicating the specific category.

The messages are denoted when the MSB of the second nybble is 1. When that bit is a 0, the messages fall into two other subcategories.

System Common

If the MSB of the second second nybble (4 bits) is not set, this indicates a System Common message. Most of these are messages that include some additional data bytes.

System Common Messages
Type Status Byte   Number of Data Bytes      Usage 
&lt;pre&gt;
Time Code Quarter Frame	0xF1	1	Indicates timing using absolute time code, primarily for synthronization with video playback systems. A single location requires eight messages to send the location in an encoded hours:minutes:seconds:frames format*.
Song Position	0xF2	2	Instructs a sequencer to jump to a new position in the song. The data bytes form a 14-bit value that expresses the location as the number of sixteenth notes from the start of the song.
Song Select	0xF3	1	Instructs a sequencer to select a new song. The data byte indicates the song.
Undefined	0xF4	0	
Undefined	0xF5	0	
Tune Request	0xF6	0	Requests that the receiver retunes itself**.
&lt;/pre&gt;
*MIDI Time Code (MTC) is significantly complex. Please see the MIDI Specification
**While modern digital instruments are good at staying in tune, older analog synthesizers were prone to tuning drift. Some analog synthesizers had an automatic tuning operation that could be initiated with this command.


System Exclusive

If you’ve been keeping track, you’ll notice there are two status bytes not yet defined: 0xf0 and 0xf7. These are used by the System Exclusive message, often abbreviated at SysEx. SysEx provides a path to send arbitrary data over a MIDI connection. There is a group of predefined messages for complex data, like fine grained control of MIDI Time code machinery. SysEx is also used to send manufacturer defined data, such as patches, or even firmware updates.

System Exclusive messages are longer than other MIDI messages, and can be any length. The messages are of the following format:

0xF0, 0xID, 0xdd, ...... 0xF7
The message is bookended with distinct bytes.

It opens with the Start Of Exclusive (SOX) data byte, 0xF0.
The next one to three bytes after the start are an identifier.
Values from 0x01 to 0x7C are one-byte vendor IDs, assigned to manufacturers who were involved with MIDI at the beginning.
If the ID is 0x00, it’s a three-byte vendor ID - the next two bytes of the message are the value.
&lt;pre&gt;
ID 0x7D is a placeholder for non-commercial entities.
ID 0x7E indicates a predefined Non-realtime SysEx message.
ID 0x7F indicates a predefined Realtime SysEx message.
&lt;/pre&gt;
After the ID is the data payload, sent as a stream of bytes.
The transfer concludes with the End of Exclusive (EOX) byte, 0xF7.
The payload data must follow the guidelines for MIDI data bytes – the MSB must not be set, so only 7 bits per byte are actually usable. If the MSB is set, it falls into three possible scenarios.

An End of Exclusive byte marks the ordinary termination of the SysEx transfer.
System Real Time messages may occur within the transfer without interrupting it. The recipient should handle them independently of the SysEx transfer.
Other status bytes implicitly terminate the SysEx transfer and signal the start of new messages.
 Some inexpensive USB-to-MIDI interfaces aren’t capable of handling messages longer than four bytes.

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0iiiiiii [0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii]  0ddddddd  --- --- 0ddddddd 11110111 || &lt;!--Description--&gt;System Exclusive. 
This message type allows manufacturers to create their own messages (such as bulk dumps, patch parameters, and other non-spec data) and provides a mechanism for creating additional MIDI Specification messages. The Manufacturer's ID code (assigned by MMA or AMEI) is either 1 byte (0iiiiiii) or 3 bytes (0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii 0iiiiiii). Two of the 1 Byte IDs are reserved for extensions called Universal Exclusive Messages, which are not manufacturer-specific. If a device recognizes the ID code as its own (or as a supported Universal message) it will listen to the rest of the message (0ddddddd). Otherwise, the message will be ignored. (Note: Only Real-Time messages may be interleaved with a System Exclusive.)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0nnndddd || &lt;!--Description--&gt;MIDI Time Code Quarter Frame.
nnn = Message Type
dddd = Values
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0lllllll 0mmmmmmm || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Position Pointer. 
This is an internal 14 bit register that holds the number of MIDI beats (1 beat= six MIDI clocks) since the start of the song. l is the LSB, m the MSB.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt;0sssssss || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Song Select. 
The Song Select specifies which sequence or song is to be played.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Tune Request. Upon receiving a Tune Request, all analog synthesizers should tune their oscillators.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11110111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;End of Exclusive. Used to terminate a System Exclusive dump. 
|}


System Real-Time Messages

{| class=&quot;wikitable sortable&quot; width=&quot;90%&quot;
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Status D7----D0 
! width=&quot;10%&quot;  |Data Byte(s) D7----D0 
! width=&quot;20%&quot;  |Description
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111000 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Timing Clock. Sent 24 times per quarter note when synchronization is required.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111001 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111010 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Start. Start the current sequence playing. (This message will be followed with Timing Clocks).
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111011 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Continue. Continue at the point the sequence was Stopped.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111100 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Stop. Stop the current sequence.
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111101 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Undefined. (Reserved)
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111110 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Active Sensing. This message is intended to be sent repeatedly to tell the receiver that a connection is alive. Use of this message is optional. When initially received, the receiver will expect to receive another Active Sensing message each 300ms (max), and if it does not then it will assume that the connection has been terminated. At termination, the receiver will turn off all voices and return to normal (non- active sensing) operation. 
|-
|&lt;!--Status--&gt;11111111 || &lt;!--Data--&gt; || &lt;!--Description--&gt;Reset. Reset all receivers in the system to power-up status. This should be used sparingly, preferably under manual control. In particular, it should not be sent on power-up.
|}


Advanced Messages

Polyphonic Pressure (0xA0) and Channel Pressure (0xD0)

Some MIDI controllers include a feature known as Aftertouch. While a key is being held down, the player can press harder on the key. The controller measures this, and converts it into MIDI messages.

Aftertouch comes in two flavors, with two different status messages.

The first flavor is polyphonic aftertouch, where every key on the controller is capable of sending its own independent pressure information. The messages are of the following format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xkk, 0xpp
n is the status (0xA)
c is the channel nybble
kk is the key number (0 to 127)
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
Polyphonic aftertouch is an uncommon feature, usually found on premium quality instruments, because every key requires a separate pressure sensor, plus the circuitry to read them all.

Much more commonly found is channel aftertouch. Instead of needing a discrete sensor per key, it uses a single, larger sensor to measure pressure on all of the keys as a group. The messages omit the key number, leaving a two-byte format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xD)
c is the channel number
pp is the pressure value (0 to 127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Pitch Bend (0xE0)

Many keyboards have a wheel or lever towards the left of the keys for pitch bend control. This control is usually spring-loaded, so it snaps back to the center of its range when released. This allows for both upward and downward bends.

Pitch Bend Wheel

The wheel sends pitch bend messages, of the format
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xLL, 0xMM
n is the status (0xE)
c is the channel number
LL is the 7 least-significant bits of the value
MM is the 7 most-significant bits of the value
&lt;/pre&gt;
You’ll notice that the bender data is actually 14 bits long, transmitted as two 7-bit data bytes. This means that the recipient needs to reassemble those bytes using binary manipulation. 14 bits results in an overall range of 214, or 0 to 16,383. Because it defaults to the center of the range, the default value for the bender is halfway through that range, at 8192 (0x2000).

Control Change (0xB0)

In addition to pitch bend, MIDI has provisions for a wider range of expressive controls, sometimes known as continuous controllers, often abbreviated CC. These are transmitted by the remaining knobs and sliders on the keyboard controller shown below.


Continuous Controllers

These controls send the following message format:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xcc, 0xvv
n is the status (0xB)
c is the MIDI channel
cc is the controller number (0-127)
vv is the controller value (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;

Typically, the wheel next to the bender sends controller number one, assigned to modulation (or vibrato) depth. It is implemented by most instruments.

The remaining controller number assignments are another point of confusion. The MIDI specification was revised in version 2.0 to assign uses for many of the controllers. However, this implementation is not universal, and there are ranges of unassigned controllers.

On many modern MIDI devices, the controllers are assignable. On the controller keyboard shown in the photos, the various controls can be configured to transmit different controller numbers. Controller numbers can be mapped to particular parameters. Virtual synthesizers frequently allow the user to assign CCs to the on-screen controls. This is very flexible, but it might require configuration on both ends of the link and completely bypasses the assignments in the standard.


Program Change (0xC0)

Most synthesizers have patch storage memory, and can be told to change patches using the following command:
&lt;pre&gt;
0xnc, 0xpp
n is the status (0xc)
c is the channel
pp is the patch number (0-127)
&lt;/pre&gt;
This allows for 128 sounds to be selected, but modern instruments contain many more than 128 patches. Controller #0 is used as an additional layer of addressing, interpreted as a “bank select” command. Selecting a sound on such an instrument might involve two messages: a bank select controller message, then a program change.

Audio &amp; Midi are not synchronized, what I can do ?
Buy a commercial software package but there is a nasty trick to synchronize both. It's a bit hardcore but works for me:

 Simply put one line down to all midi notes on your pattern (use Insert key)
 and go to 'Misc. Setup', adjust the latency and just search a value
 that will make sound sync both audio/midi.

The stock Sin/Saw/Pulse and Rnd waveforms are too simple/common, is there a way to use something more complex/rich ?
You have to ability to redirect the waveforms of the instruments through the synth pipe by selecting the &quot;wav&quot; option for the oscillator you're using for this synth instrument, samples can be used as wavetables to replace the stock signals.


Sound banks like soundfont (sf2) or Kontakt2 are not supported at the moment


====DAW Audio Evolution 4====

Audio Evolution 4 gives you unsurpassed power for digital audio recording and editing on the Amiga. The latest release focusses on time-saving non-linear and non-destructive editing, as seen on other platforms. Besides editing, Audio Evolution 4 offers a wide range of realtime effects, including compression, noise gate, delays, reverb, chorus and 3-band EQ.

Whether you put them as inserts on a channel or use them as auxillaries, the effect parameters are realtime adjustable and can be fully automated. Together with all other mixing parameters, they can even be controlled remotely, using more ergonomic MIDI hardware.

Non-linear editing on the time line, including cut, copy, paste, move, split, trim and crossfade actions

The number of tracks per project(s) is unlimited .... AHI limits you to recording only two at a time. i.e. not on 8 track sound cards like the Juli@ or Phase 88.

sample file import is limited to 16bit AIFF (not AIFC, important distinction as some files from other sources can be AIFC with aiff file extention). and 16bit WAV (pcm only)


Most apps use the Music Unit only but a few apps also use Unit (0-3) instead or as well. 
* Set up AHI prefs so that microphone is available. (Input option near the bottom)


stereo++ allows the audio piece to be placed anywhere and the left-right adjusted to sound positionally right

hifi best for music playback if driver supports this option


Load 16bit .aif .aiff only sample(s) to use not AIFC which can have the same ending. AIFF stands for Audio Interchange File Format 

 sox recital.wav recital.aiff

 sox recital.wav −b 16 recital.aiff channels 1 rate 16k fade 3 norm
 sox input.wav        output.aiff bass −b 16 rate 48k

performs the same format translation, but also applies four effects (down-mix to one channel, sample rate change, fade-in, nomalize), and stores the result at a bit-depth of 16.

 rec −c 2 radio.aiff trim 0 30:00

records half an hour of stereo audio 

 play existing-file.wav


24bit PCM WAV or AIFF do not work 

*No stream format handling. So no way to pass on an AC3 encoded stream unmodified to the digital outputs through AHI.
*No master volume handling. Each application has to set its own volume. So each driver implements its own custom driver-mixer interface for handling master volumes, mute and preamps.
*Only one output stream. So all input gets mixed into one output.
*No automatic handling of output direction based on connected cables.
*No monitor input selection. Only monitor volume control. 


select the correct input (Don't mistake enabled sound for the correct input.)
The monitor will feedback audio to the lineout and hp out no matter if you have selected the correct input to the ADC. The monitor will provide sound for any valid input. This will result in free mixing when recording from the monitor input instead of mic/line because the monitor itself will provide the hardware mixing for you. Be aware that MIC inputs will give two channel mono. Only Linein will give real stereo.

Now for the not working part. Attempt to record from linein in the AE4 record window, the right channel is noise and the left channel is distorted. Even with the recommended HIFI 16bit Stereo++ mode at 48kHz.


Channels

Monitor

Gain

Inout

Output

Advanced settings - Debugging via serial port


* Options -&gt; Soundcard In/Out
* Options -&gt; SampleRate
* Options -&gt; Preferences

F6 for Sample File List

Setting a grid is easy as is measuring the BPM by marking a section of the sample. Is your kick drum track &quot;not in time&quot; ? If so, you're stumped in AE4 as it has no fancy variable time signatures and definitely no 'track this dodgy rhythm' function like software of the nature of Logic has. So if your drum beat is freeform you will need to work in freeform mode. (Real music is free form anyway).

If the drum *is* accurate and you are just having trouble measuring the time, I usually measure over a range of bars and set the number of beats in range to say 16 as this is more accurate, Then you will need to shift the drum track to match your grid *before* applying the grid. (probably an iterative process as when the grid is active samples snap to it, and when inactive you cannot see it).

AE4 does have ARexx but the functions are more for adding samples at set offsets and starting playback / recording.


These are the usual features found in DAWs...

* Recording digital audio, midi sequencer and mixer 
* virtual VST instruments and plug-ins 
* automation, group channels, MIDI channels, FX sends and returns, audio and MIDI editors and music notation editor


* different track views 
* mixer and track layout (but not the same as below) 
* traditional two windows (track and mixer)


Mixing - mixdown

Could not figure out how to select what part I wanted to send to the aux, set it to echo and return. Pretty much the whole echo effect. Or any effect.

Take look at page17 of the manual.

When you open the EQ / Aux send popup window you will see 4 sends. Now from the menu choose the windows menu.

Menus-&gt;Windows-&gt; Aux Returns Window

or press F5

You will see a small window with 4 volume controls and an effects button for each. Click a button and add an effects to that aux channel, then set it up as desired (note the reverb effect has a special AUX setting that improves its use with the aux channel, not compulsory but highly useful). You set the amount of 'return' on the main mix in the Aux Return window, and the amount sent from each main mixer channel in the popup for that channel. Again the aux sends are &quot;prefade&quot; so the volume faders on each channel do not affect them.


Tracking


Effects - fade in

To add some echoes to some vocals, tried to add an effect on a track but did not come out. This is made more complicated as I wanted to mute a vocal but then make it echo at the muting point. Want to have one word of a vocal heard and then echoed off. But when the track is mute the echo is cancelled out.

To correctly understand what is happening here you need to study the figure at the bottom of page 15 on the manual. You will see from that that the effects are applied 'prefade' So the automation you applied will naturally mute the entire signal.

There would be a number of ways to achieve the goal,

You have three real time effects slots, one for smoothing like so

Sample -&gt; Amplify -&gt; Delay

Then automate the gain of the amplify block so that it effectively mutes the sample just before the delay at the appropriate moment, the echo effect should then be heard.

Getting the effects in the right order will require experimentation as they can only be added top down and it's not obvious which order they are applied to the signal, but there only two possibilities, so it wont take long to find out.

Using MUTE can cause clicks to the Amplify can be used to mute more smoothly so that's a secondary advantage.

Signal Processing -


Overdub

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Office===

====Spreadsheet Leu====

Support for some xlsx, and ods functions 


====Spreadsheet Ignition====

; Needs ABIv1 to be completed before more can be done

File formats supported 
* ascii #?.txt and #?.csv (single sheets with data only). 
* igs and TurboCalc(WIP) #?.tc for all sheets with data, formats and formulas.

There is '''no''' support for xls, xlsx, ods or uos ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Office_Format Uniform Unified Office Format]) at the moment.

* Always use Esc key after editing Spreadsheet cells.
* copy/paste seems to copy the first instance only so go to Edit -&gt; Clipboard to manage the list of remembered actions. 
* Right mouse click on row (1 or 2 or 3) or column header (a or b or c)  to access optimal height or width of the row or column respectively 
* Edit -&gt; Insert -&gt; Row  seems to clear the spreadsheet or clears the rows after the inserted row until undo restores as it should be...

Change Sheet name by  Object -&gt; Sheet -&gt; Properties

Click in the cell which will contain the result, and click '''down arrow button''' to the right of the formula box at the bottom of the spreadsheet and choose the function required from the list provided. Then click on the start cell and click on the bottom right corner, a '''very''' small blob, which allows stretching a bounding box (thick grey outlines) across many cells This grey bounding box can be used to '''copy a formula''' to other cells.

Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties to change cell format - Currency only covers DM and not $, Euro, Renminbi, Yen or Pound etc. 
Shift key and arrow keys selects a range of cells, so that '''formatting can be done to all highlighted cells'''. 
View -&gt; Overview then select ALL with one click (in empty cell in the top left hand corner of the sheet).

Default mode is relative cell referencing e.g. a1+a2 but absolute e.g. $a$1+$a$2 can be entered.

* #sheet-name to '''absolute''' reference another sheet-name cell unless reference() function used.

;Graphs

use shift key and arrow keys to select a bunch of cells to be graph'ed making sure that x axes represents and y axes represents

* value() - 0 value, 1 percent, 2 date, 3 time, 4 unit ...


;Dates 
* Excel starts a running count from the 1st Jan 1900 and Ignition starts from 1st Jan 1AD '''(maybe this needs to change)'''
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put date in days


;Time 
Set formatting Object -&gt; Cell -&gt; Properties and put time in seconds taken


;Database (to be done by someone else)

type - standard, reference (bezug), search criterion (suchkriterium), 
* select a bunch of cells and Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Define to set Datenbank (database) and Felder (fields not sure how?) 
* Neu (new) or loschen (delete) to add/remove database headings e.g. Personal, Start Date, Finish Date (one per row?)
* Object -&gt; Database -&gt; Index to add fields (felder) like Surname, First Name, Employee ID, etc. to ?

Filtering done with dbfilter(), dbproduct() and dbposition().

Activities with dbsum(), dbaverage(), dbmin() and dbmax().

Table sorting -


;Scripts (Arexx)

;Excel(TM) to Ignition - commas ''',''' replaced by semi-colons ''';''' to separate values within functions 
*SUM(), 
*AVERAGE(), MAX(), MIN(), INT(), PRODUCT(), MEDIAN(), VAR() becomes Variance(), Percentile(),
*IF(), AND, OR, NOT 
*LEFT(), RIGHT(), MID() becomes MIDDLE(), LEN() becomes LENGTH(), 
*LOWER() becomes LOWERCASE(), UPPER() becomes UPPERCASE(),
* DATE(yyyy,mm,dd) becomes COMPUTEDATE(dd;mm;yyyy), 
*TODAY(), DAY(),WEEK(), MONTH(),=YEAR(TODAY()), 
*EOMONTH() becomes MONTHLENGTH(), 
*NOW() should be date and time becomes time only, SECOND(), MINUTE(), HOUR(),
*DBSUM() becomes DSUM(),


;Missing and possibly useful features/functions needed for ignition to have better support of Excel files 
There is no Merge and Join Text over many cells, no protect and/or freeze row or columns or books but can LOCK sheets, no define bunch of cells as a name, Macros (Arexx?), conditional formatting, no Solver, no Goal Seek, no Format Painter, no AutoFill, no AutoSum function button, no pivot tables, (30 argument limit applies to Excel)

*HLOOKUP(), VLOOKUP(), [http://production-scheduling.com/excel-index-function-most-useful/ INDEX(), MATCH()], CHOOSE(), TEXT(), 
*TRIM(), FIND(), SUBSTITUTE(), CONCATENATE() or &amp;, PROPER(), REPT(), 
*[https://acingexcel.com/excel-sumproduct-function/ SUMPRODUCT()], ROUND(), ROUNDUP(), *ROUNDDOWN(), COUNT(), COUNTA(), SUMIF(), COUNTIF(), COUNTBLANK(), TRUNC(), 
*PMT(), PV(), FV(), POWER(), SQRT(), MODE(), TRUE, FALSE, 
*MODE(), LARGE(), SMALL(), RANK(), STDEV(), 
*DCOUNT(), DCOUNTA(), WEEKDAY(),


;Excel Keyboard [http://dmcritchie.mvps.org/excel/shortx2k.htm shortcuts needed to aid usability in Ignition] 
&lt;pre&gt;
Ctrl Z - Undo

Ctrl D - Fill Down
Ctrl R - Fill right

Ctrl F - Find
Ctrl H - Replace

Ctrl 1 - Formatting of Cells
CTRL SHIFT ~ Apply General Formatting ie a number 
Ctrl ; - Todays Date 

F2 - Edit cell
F4 - toggle cell absolute / relative cell references

&lt;/pre&gt;


====Document Scanning - Scandal====

Scanner usually needs to be connected via a USB port and not via a hub or extension lead.

Check in Trident Prefs -&gt; Devices that the USB Scanner is not bound to anything (e.g. Bindings None)
If not found then reboot the computer and recheck.

Start Scandal, choose Settings from Menu strip at top of screen and in Scanner Driver choose the ?#.device of the scanner (e.g. epson2.device).

The next two boxes - leave empty as they are for morphos SCSI use only
 or put ata.device (use the selection option in bigger box below) and Unit as 0 this is needed for gt68xx

* gt68xx - no editing needed in s/gt68xx.conf but needs a firmware file that corresponds to the scanner [http://www.meier-geinitz.de/sane/gt68xx-backend/ gt68xx firmwares] in sys:s/gt68xx.
* epson2 - Need to edit the file epson2.conf in sys/s that corresponds to the scanner being used

'''Save''' the settings but do not press the Use button (aros freezes)

Back to the Picture Scan window and the right-hand sections.

Click on the '''Information''' tab and press Connect button and the scanner should now be detected.

Go next to the '''Scanner''' tab next to Information Tab should have Color, Black and White, etc. and dpi settings now. Selecting an option Color, B/W etc. can cause dpi settings corruption (especially if the settings are in one line) so set '''dpi first'''. Make sure if Preview is set or not.

In the '''Scan''' Tab, press Scan and the scanner will do its duty. 
Be aware that nothing is saved to disk yet.

In the Save tab, change format JPEG, PNG or IFF DEEP. Tick incremental and base filename if necessary and then click the Save button. The image will now be saved to permanent storage.


The driver ignores a device if it is already bond to another USB class, rejects it from being usable. However, open Trident prefs, select your device and use the right mouse button to open. Select &quot;NONE&quot; to prevent poseidon from touching the device. Now save settings. It should always work now.

[[#top|...to the top]]

===Emulators===

==== Amiberry ====


==== Amiga Emu - Janus UAE ====

With Amibridge, AROS attempts to make the UAE emulator seem embedded within but it still is acting as an app 

There is no dynarec m68k for each hardware that Aros supports or direct patching of motorola calls to AROS hardware accelerated ones unless the emulator has that included 

Try starting Janus with a priority of -1 like this little script:
&lt;pre&gt;
cd sys:system/AmiBridge/emulator
changetaskpri -1
run janus-uae -f my_uaerc.config &gt;nil:
cd sys:prefs
endcli
&lt;/pre&gt;
This stops Janus hogging all the CPU time.


===Miscellaneous===

====Screensaver Blanker====

Most blankers on the amiga (i.e. aros) run as commodities (they are in the tools/commodities drawer). Double click on blanker.

Control is with an app called Exchange, which you need to run first (double click on app) or  run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Exchange &gt;NIL: but subsequently can use (Cntrl Alt h).

Icon tool types (may be broken) or command line options 
&lt;pre&gt;
seconds=number 
&lt;/pre&gt;

Once the timing is right then add the following to s:icaros-sequence or s:user-startup

e.g. for 5 minutes

 run QUIET sys:tools/commodities/Blanker seconds=300 &gt;NIL:


*[http://archives.aros-exec.org/index.php?function=showfile&amp;file=graphics/screenblanker/gblanker.i386-aros.zip Garshneblanker] can make Aros unstable or slow. Certain blankers crashes in Icaros 2.0.x like Dragon, Executor.


*[ Acuario AROS version], the aquarium screen saver.

Startup: extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Kill: c:break name=extras:acuariofv-aros/acuario

Managed to start Acuario by the Executor blanker.

&lt;pre&gt;
cx_priority=
cx_popkey=    ie CX_POPKEY=&quot;Shift F1&quot; 
cx_popup=Yes or No

&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
 Qualifier String    Input Event Class
   ----------------    -----------------
    &quot;lshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_LSHIFT
    &quot;rshift&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_RSHIFT
    &quot;capslock&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_CAPSLOCK
    &quot;control&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_CONTROL
    &quot;lalt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_LALT
    &quot;ralt&quot;             IEQUALIFIER_RALT
    &quot;lcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_LCOMMAND
    &quot;rcommand&quot;         IEQUALIFIER_RCOMMAND
    &quot;numericpad&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_NUMERICPAD
    &quot;repeat&quot;           IEQUALIFIER_REPEAT
    &quot;midbutton&quot;        IEQUALIFIER_MIDBUTTON
    &quot;rbutton&quot;          IEQUALIFIER_RBUTTON
    &quot;leftbutton&quot;       IEQUALIFIER_LEFTBUTTON
    &quot;relativemouse&quot;    IEQUALIFIER_RELATIVEMOUSE
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
    Synonym     Synonym
    String     Identifier
    -------    ----------
    &quot;shift&quot;    IXSYM_SHIFT    /* look for either shift key */
    &quot;caps&quot;     IXSYM_CAPS     /* look for either shift key or capslock */
    &quot;alt&quot;      IXSYM_ALT      /* look for either alt key */

Highmap is one of the following strings:
    &quot;space&quot;, &quot;backspace&quot;, &quot;tab&quot;, &quot;enter&quot;, &quot;return&quot;, &quot;esc&quot;, &quot;del&quot;,
    &quot;up&quot;, &quot;down&quot;, &quot;right&quot;, &quot;left&quot;, &quot;f1&quot;, &quot;f2&quot;, &quot;f3&quot;, &quot;f4&quot;, &quot;f5&quot;,
    &quot;f6&quot;, &quot;f7&quot;, &quot;f8&quot;, &quot;f9&quot;, &quot;f10&quot;, &quot;help&quot;.


&lt;/pre&gt;


[[#top|...to the top]]

==== World Construction Set WCS (Version 2.031) ====

WCS is a fractal landscape software such as Scenery Animator, Vista Pro and Panorama. Open sourced February 2022, World Construction Set [https://3dnature.com/downloads/legacy-software/ legally and for free] and [https://github.com/AlphaPixel/3DNature c source]. 

Announced August 1994 this version dates from April 1996 developed by Gary R. Huber and Chris &quot;Xenon&quot; Hanson&quot; from Questar 

&lt;pre&gt;
Assign &quot;WCSProjects:&quot; &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSProjects&quot; 
Assign &quot;WCSFrames:&quot;   &quot;Volume:Dir/Dir/WCSFrames&quot; 
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
Load projects .proj by accessing pull down menu Project -&gt; Open then click on CanyonSunset.proj
OK to changing .par file and enlarge Status Log window to show what is happening 
Render by pull down menu Modules -&gt; Render with End equal 1 not 300 then click bottom middle button Render 
&lt;/pre&gt;

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxQDmf1ZWG0 Youtube walkthrough of above], [], [], 

Also try working with the already built file ColoDemo - Then open with the drop-down menu: Project/Open, then WCSProject:ColoDemo.proj
Which allows you to use altimetric DEM files already included and Loading scene parameters from ColoDemo.par
Once this is done, save everything with a new name to start working exclusively on your project. 
Then drop-down menu and select Save As (&quot;NewName&quot;.proj name), then drop-down menu to open parameter and select Save All ( .par name)


After launching the software, there is a the Module Control Panel composed of five icons. 
It is a dock type shortcut of the first few functions of the drop-down menu 

*Database   - Load (#?.proj), Append, Create, Edit, Save, Dir List (of WCSProject drawer), 
*Data Ops   - Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats  
*Map View   - Database file Loader leading to Map View Control with option to the Database Editor 
*Parameters - Editor for Motion, Color, Ecosystem, Clouds, Waves, management of altimeter files DEM, sclock settings etc 
*Render     - rendering terrain 

These are more in the pull down menu but not in the dock 
*Motion Editor
*Color Editor
*Ecosys Editor 


Simple minimal workflow 
*Load database (1st icon - 1st)
*Set parameters and save .par file (4th icon)
*Render scene (5th icon) 

[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZbTwwR2qcc4 Youtube], [], 

&lt;pre&gt;
.proj new project name which creates a drawer of additional files 

.binary array, ascii array .xyz , z buffer, DTED .dt0, vista 1990s dem, iff  conversion 
.Obj with .elev, .frd with .hdr maps, - digital elevation model (DEM) is a 3D representation of elevation data in various formats 
USGS 7.5MinDEM, 

.par 


&lt;/pre&gt;


Since for the time being no project is loaded, a query window indicates a procedural error when clicking on the rendering icon (right end of the bar). The menu is quite traditional; it varies according to the activity of the windows. To display any altimetric file in the &quot;Mapview&quot; (third icon of the panel), There are three possibilities:

* Loading of a demonstration project.
* The import of a DEM file, followed by texturing and packaging from the &quot;Database-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Color-Editor&quot;.
* The creation of an altimetric file in WCS format, then texturing.


The altimeter file editing (display in the menu) is only made possible if the &quot;Mapview&quot; window is active.

The software is made up of many windows and won't be able to describe them all. Know that &quot;Color-Editor&quot; and the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; comprise sufficient functions for obtaining an almost real rendering quality. You have the possibility of inserting vector objects in the &quot;Data-Editor&quot; (creation of roads, railways, etc.) 


The Map View (MapView) window

*Database - Objects and Topos
*View     - Align, Center, Zoom, Pan, Move 
*Draw     - Maps and distance 
*Object   - Find, highlight, add points, conform topo, duplicate 
*Motion   - Camera, Focus, path, elevation 
*Windows  - DEM designer, Cloud (.cld) and wave (.wve) editor, 


You will notice that by selecting this window and simply moving the pointer to various points on the map you will see latitude and longitude values ​​change, along with the height.
Drop-down menu and Modules, then select MapView and change the width of the window with the map to arrange it in the best way on the screen. With the Auto button the center. Window that then displays the contents of my DEM file, in this case the Grand Canyon. MapView allows you to observe the shape of the landscape from above
 

ZOOM button

Press the Zoom button and then with the pointer position on a point on the map, press the left mouse button and then move to the opposite corner to circumscribe the chosen area and press the left mouse button again, then we will see the enlarged area selected on the map.
Would add that there is a box next to the Zoom button that allows the direct insertion of a value which, the larger it is, the smaller the magnification and the smaller the value, the stronger the magnification. At each numerical change you will need to press the DRAW button to update the view.

PAN button

Under Zoom you will find the PAN button which allows you to move the map at will in all directions by the amount you want. This is done by drawing a line in one direction, then press PAN and point to an area on the map with the pointer and press the left mouse button. At this point, leave it and move the pointer in one direction by drawing a line and press the left mouse button again to trigger the movement of the map on the screen (origin and end points). Do some experiments and then use the Auto button immediately below to recenter everything.
There are parameters such as TOPO, VEC to be left checked and immediately below one that allows different views of the map with the Style command (Single, Multi, Surface, Emboss, Slope, Contour), each with its own particularities to highlight different details.

Now you have the first basics to manage your project visually on the map. Close the MapView window and go further...


Let's start working on ECOSYSTEMS
If we select Emboss from the MapView Style command we will have a clear idea of ​​how the landscape appears, realizing that it is a predominantly desert region of our planet. Therefore we will begin to act on any vegetation present and the appearance of the landscape.
With WCS we will begin to break down the elements of the landscape by assigning defined characteristics. It will be necessary to determine the classes of the ecosystem (Class) with parameters of Elevation Line (maximum altitude), Relative Elevation (arrangement on basins or convexities with respectively positive or negative parameters), Min Slope and Max Slope (slope). WCS offers the possibility of making ecosystems coexist on the same terrain with the UnderEco function, by setting a Density value.


Ecosys Ecosystem Editor

Let's open it from Modules, then Ecosys Editor. In the left pane you will find the list of ecosystems referring to the files present in our project. It will be necessary to clean up that box to leave only the Water and Snow landscapes and a few other predefined ones. We can do this by selecting the items and pressing the Remove button (be careful not for all elements the button is activated, therefore they cannot all be eliminated).
Once this is done we can start adding new ecosystems. Scroll through the various Unused and as soon as the Name item at the top is activated allowing you to write, type the name of your ecosystem, adding the necessary parameters.
&lt;pre&gt;
Ecosystem1: Name: RockBase Class: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 15 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem2: Name: RockIncl Clss: Rock Density: 80 MinSlope: 30 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosystem3: Name: Grass Class Low Veg Density: 50 Height: 1 Elev Line : 1500 Rel El Eff: 5
Max Slope: 10 – Min Slope: 0 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema4: Name: Shrubs Class: Low Veg Density: 40 Height: 8 Elev Line: 3000
Rel El Eff: -2 Max Slope: 20 Min Slope : 5 UnderEco: Terrain
Ecosistema5: Name: Terrain Class: Ground Density: 100 UnderEco: Terrain
&lt;/pre&gt;

Now we need to identify an intermediate ecosystem that guarantees a smooth transition between all, therefore we select as Understory Ecosystem the one called Terrain in all ecosystems, except Snow and Water .
Now we need to 'emerge' the Colorado River in the Canyon and we can do this by raising the sea level to 900 (Sea Level) in the Ecosystem called Water.
Please note that the order of the ecosystem list gives priority to those that come after. So our list must have the following order: Water, Snow, Shrubs, RockIncl, RockBase, Terrain. It is possible to carry out all movements with the Swap button at the bottom. To put order you can also press Short List. Press Keep to confirm all the work done so far with Ecosystem Editor.
Remember every now and then to save both the Project 'Modules/Save' and 'Parameter/Save All'

EcoModels are made up of .etp .fgp .iff8 for each model 


Color Editor

Now it's time to define the colors of our scene and we can do this by going to Modules and then Color Editor. In the list we focus on our ecosystems, created first.
Let's go to the bottom of the list and select the first white space, assigning the name 'empty1', with a color we like and then we will find this element again in other environments... It could serve as an example for other situations!
So we move to 'grass' which already exists and assign the following colors: R 60 G 70 B50
&lt;pre&gt;
'shrubs': R 60 G 80 B 30
'RockIncl' R 110 G 65 B 60
'RockBase' R 110 G 80 B 80
' Terrain' R 150 G 30 B 30
&lt;pre&gt;
Now we can work on pre-existing colors
&lt;pre&gt;
'SunLight' R 150 G 130 B 130
'Haze and Fog' R 190 G 170 B 170
'Horizon' R 209 G 185 B 190
'Zenith' R 140 G 150 B 200
'Water' R 90 G 125 B 170
&lt;/pre&gt;

Ambient R 0 G 0 B 0

So don't forget to close Color Editor by pressing Keep.
Go once again to Ecosystem Editor and assign the corresponding color to each environment by selecting it using the Ecosystem Color button. Press it several times until the correct one appears. Then save the project and parameters again, as done previously.


Motion Editor

Now it's time to take care of the framing, so let's go to Modules and then to Motion Editor. An extremely feature-rich window will open. Following is the list of parameters regarding the Camera, position and other characteristics:
&lt;pre&gt;
-Camera Altitude: 7.0
-Camera Latitude: 36.075
-Camera Longitude: 112.133
-Focus Attitude: -2.0
-Focus Latitude: 36.275
-Focus Longitude: 112.386
-Camera : 512 → rendering window
-Camera Y: 384 → rendering window
-View Arc: 80 → View width in degrees
-Sun Longitude: 172
-Sun Latitude: -0.9
-Haze Start: 3.8
-Haze Range: 78, 5
&lt;/pre&gt;
As soon as the values ​​shown in the relevant sliders have been modified, we will be ready to open the CamView window to observe the wireframe preview. Let's not consider all the controls that will appear.
Well from the Motion Editor if you have selected Camera Altitude and open the CamView panel, you can change the height of the camera by holding down the right mouse button and moving the mouse up and down. To update the view, press the Terrain button in the adjacent window. As soon as you are convinced of the position, confirm again with Keep. You can carry out the same work with the other functions of the camera, such as Focus Altitude...
Let's now see the next positioning step on the Camera map, but let's leave the CamView preview window open while we go to Modules to open the window at the same time MapView. We will thus be able to take advantage of the view from the other together with a subjective one.


From the MapView window, select with the left mouse button and while it is pressed, move the Camera as desired. To update the subjective preview, always click on Terrain.
While with the same procedure you can intervene on the direction of the camera lens, by selecting the cross and with the left button pressed you can choose the desired view. So with the pressure of Terrain I update the Preview. Possibly can enlarge or reduce the Map View using the Zoom button, for greater precision.
Also write that the circle around the cameras indicates the beginning of the haze, there are two types (haze and fog) linked to the altitude. Would also add that the camera height is editable through the Motion Editor panel.


The sun

Let's see that changing the position of the sun from the Motion Editor. Press the SUN button at the bottom right and set the time and the date. Longitude and latitude are automatically obtained by the program. Always open the View Arc command from the Motion Editor panel, an item present in the Parameter List box.

Once again confirm everything with Keep and then save again.


Animation

The animation part is not left-back and also occupies a window. The settings possibilities are enormous. A time line with dragging functions (&quot;slide&quot;, &quot;drag&quot;...) comparable to that of LightWave completes this window. 


A small window is available for positioning the stars as a function of a date, in order to vary the seasons and their various events (and yes...).

At the bottom of the &quot;Motion-Editor&quot;, a &quot;cam-view&quot; function will give you access to a control panel. Different preview modes are possible. The rendering is also accessible through a window. No less than nine pages compose it. At this level, you will be able to determine the backup name of your images (&quot;path&quot;), the type of texture to be calculated, the resolution of the images, activate or deactivate functions such as the depth buffer (&quot;zbuffer&quot;), the blur, the background image, etc.


Once all these parameters have been set, all you have to do is click on the &quot;Render&quot; button.

For rendering go to Modules and then Render. Select the resolution, then under IMA select the name of the image. Move to FRA and indicate the level of fractal detail which of 4 is quite good. Then Keep to confirm and then reopen the window, pressing Render you will see the result. The image will be opened with any viewing program.


Strengths:

* Multi-window.
* Quality of rendering.
* Accuracy.
* Opening, preview and rendering on CyberGraphX screen.
* Extract / Convert Interp DEM, Import DLG, DXF, WDB and export LW map 3d formats 
* The &quot;zbuffer&quot; function.

Weaknesses:

* No OpenGL management 
* Calculation time.
* No network computing tool.


====Writing CD / DVD - Frying Pan====

Can be backup DVDs (4GB ISO size limit due to use of FileInfoBlock), create audio cds from mp3's, and put .iso files on discs

If using for the first time - click Drive button and Device set to ata.device and unit to 0 (zero)

Click Tracks Button - Drive 1 - Create New Disc or Import Existing Disc Image (iso bin/cue etc.) - Session File open cue file

If you're making a data cd, with files and drawers from your hard drive, you should be using the ISO Builder.. which is the MUI page on the left. (&quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; is on the right).

You should use the &quot;Data/Audio tracks&quot; page if you want to create music cds with AIFF/WAV/MP3 files, or if you download an .iso file, and you want to put it on a cd.

Click WRITE Button - set write speed - click on long Write button

Examples

Easiest way would be to burn a DATA CD, simply go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page &quot;ISO Builder&quot; and &quot;ADD&quot; everything you need to burn.

On the &quot;Write&quot; page i have &quot;Masterize Disc (DAO)&quot;, &quot;Close Disc&quot; and &quot;Eject after Write&quot; set.

One must not &quot;Blank disc before write&quot; if one uses a CDR


AUDIO CD from MP3's are as easy but tricky to deal with. FP only understands one MP3 format, Layer II, everything else will just create empty tracks

Burning bootable CD's works only with .iso files. Go to &quot;Tracks&quot; page and &quot;Data/Audio Tracks&quot; and add the .iso


====odf====

Every ODF file is a collection of several subdocuments within a package (ZIP file), each of which stores part of the complete document.

* content.xml – Document content and automatic styles used in the content.
* styles.xml – Styles used in the document content and automatic styles used in the styles themselves.
* meta.xml – Document meta information, such as the author or the time of the last save action.
* settings.xml – Application-specific settings, such as the window size or printer information.


To read document follow these steps:

* Extracting .ods file.
* Getting content.xml file (which contains sheets data).
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Creating DataSet (that represent Spreadsheet file).
* With XmlDocument select “table:table” elements, and then create adequate DataTables.
* Parse child’s of “table:table” element and fill DataTables with those data.
* At the end, return DataSet and show it in application’s interface.


To write document follow these steps:

* Extracting template.ods file (.ods file that we use as template).
* Getting content.xml file.
* Creating XmlDocument object from content.xml file.
* Erasing all “table:table” elements from the content.xml file.
* Reading data from our DataSet and composing adequate “table:table” elements.
* Adding “table:table” elements to content.xml file.
* Zipping that file as new .ods file.

XLS file format

The XLS file format contains streams, substreams, and records.

These sheet substreams include worksheets, macro sheets, chart sheets, dialog sheets, and VBA module sheets. 
All the records in an XLS document start with a 2-byte unsigned integer to specify Record Type (rt), and another for Count of Bytes (cb). A record cannot exceed 8224 bytes. If larger than the rest is stored in one or more continue records.

* Workbook stream 
**Globals substream
***BoundSheet8 record - info for Worksheet substream i.e. name, location, type, and visibility. (4bytes the lbPlyPos FilePointer, specifies the position in the Workbook stream where the sheet substream starts) 
**Worksheet substream (sheet) - Cell Table - Row record - Cells (2byte=row 2byte=column 2byte=XF format)
***Blank cell record
***RK cell record 32-bit number. 
***BoolErr cell record (2-byte Bes structure that may be either a Boolean value or an error code)
***Number cell record (64-bit floating-point number)
***LabelSst cell record (4-byte integer that specifies a string in the Shared Strings Table (SST). Specifically, the integer corresponds to the array index in the RGB field of the SST)
***Formula cell record (FormulaValue structure in the 8 bytes that follow the cell structure. The next 6 bytes can be ignored, and the rest of the record is a CellParsedFormula structure that contains the formula itself)
***MulBlank record (first 2 bytes give the row, and the next 2 bytes give the column that the series of blanks starts at. Next, a variable length array of cell structures follows to store formatting information, and the last 2 bytes show what column the series of blanks ends on)
***MulRK record 
***Shared String Table (SST) contains all of the string values in the workbook.

ACCRINT(), ACCRINTM(), AMORDEGRC(), AMORLINC(), 
COUPDAYBS(), COUPDAYS(), COUPDAYSNC(), COUPNCD(), COUPNUM(), COUPPCD(), 
CUMIPMT(), CUMPRINC(), 
DB(), DDB(), DISC(), 
DOLLARDE(), DOLLARFR(), 
DURATION(), EFFECT(), FV(), FVSCHEDULE(), 
INTRATE(), IPMT(), IRR(), ISPMT(), MDURATION(), MIRR(), NOMINAL(), NPER(), NPV(), 
ODDFPRICE(), ODDFYIELD(), ODDLPRICE(), ODDLYIELD(), 
PMT(), PPMT(), PRICE(), PRICEDISC(), PRICEMAT(), PV(), RATE(), 
RECEIVED(), SLN(), SYD(), TBILLEQ(), TBILLPRICE(), TBILLYIELD(), 
VDB(), XIRR(), XNPV(), YIELD(), YIELDDISC(), YIELDMAT(),


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;


&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

&lt;pre&gt;
&lt;/pre&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>q79j4tf0ycptrmnp57i38f2ncahtosj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>OpenSCAD User Manual/First Steps/Creating a simple model</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>245077</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641889</id>
      <parentid>4641594</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T16:43:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-37590-43</username>
        <id>3611045</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641889</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2016" sha1="i9rjxjszxy1y5fytzx2yaviddgmv7hb" xml:space="preserve">//

// Generic Titan Incline Conveyor

// Units: Inches

//

$fn=64;

//----------------------

// Parameters

//----------------------

length = 72;

beltWidth = 12;

frameHeight = 6;

topHeight = 44;

angle = asin(topHeight/length);

pulleyDia = 4;

motorDia = 8;

motorLength = 10;

legWidth = 3;

legThickness = 0.25;

//----------------------

// Main Assembly

//----------------------

rotate([0,-angle,0])

translate([0,0,topHeight])

union()

{

    frame();

    belt();

    headPulley();

    tailPulley();

    motor();

    guard();

    supportLeg();

}

//==============================

module frame()

{

color([0.45,0.45,0.45])

difference()

{

cube([length, beltWidth+2, frameHeight]);

translate([1,1,1])

cube([length-2,beltWidth,frameHeight]);

}

}

//==============================

module belt()

{

color([0.08,0.08,0.08])

translate([0,1,frameHeight])

cube([length,beltWidth,0.35]);

// Cleats

for(i=[6:8:length-6])

{

translate([i,1,frameHeight])

cube([0.35,beltWidth,1.0]);

}

}

//==============================

module headPulley()

{

translate([0,beltWidth/2+1,frameHeight])

rotate([90,0,0])

color(&quot;silver&quot;)

cylinder(d=pulleyDia,h=beltWidth+2);

}

//==============================

module tailPulley()

{

translate([length,beltWidth/2+1,frameHeight])

rotate([90,0,0])

color(&quot;silver&quot;)

cylinder(d=pulleyDia,h=beltWidth+2);

}

//==============================

module motor()

{

// Gearbox

color([0.3,0.3,0.3])

translate([-7,beltWidth/2-3,frameHeight+5])

cube([6,6,6]);

// Motor

color([0.2,0.2,0.2])

translate([-16,beltWidth/2,frameHeight+8])

rotate([0,90,0])

cylinder(d=motorDia,h=motorLength);

}

//==============================

module guard()

{

color([1,0.8,0])

translate([-2,-1,frameHeight])

cube([1.5,4,16]);

}

//==============================

module supportLeg()

{

legX = 18;

drop = topHeight-4;

color([0.45,0.45,0.45])

translate([legX,beltWidth/2+1,-drop])

{

cube([3,3,drop]);

translate([-4,-3,0])

cube([11,9,0.5]);

}

}</text>
      <sha1>i9rjxjszxy1y5fytzx2yaviddgmv7hb</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641950</id>
      <parentid>4641889</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T01:00:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackBot</username>
        <id>396820</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Formatting, [[Special:UncategorizedPages]]</comment>
      <origin>4641950</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2029" sha1="li13u0oqm8nbfnuvis7eaqrrgr9fwdv" xml:space="preserve">//

// Generic Titan Incline Conveyor

// Units: Inches

//

$fn=64;

//----------------------

// Parameters

//----------------------

length = 72;

beltWidth = 12;

frameHeight = 6;

topHeight = 44;

angle = asin(topHeight/length);

pulleyDia = 4;

motorDia = 8;

motorLength = 10;

legWidth = 3;

legThickness = 0.25;

//----------------------

// Main Assembly

//----------------------

rotate([0,-angle,0])

translate([0,0,topHeight])

union()

{

    frame();

    belt();

    headPulley();

    tailPulley();

    motor();

    guard();

    supportLeg();

}

//==============================

module frame()

{

color([0.45,0.45,0.45])

difference()

{

cube([length, beltWidth+2, frameHeight]);

translate([1,1,1])

cube([length-2,beltWidth,frameHeight]);

}

}

//==============================

module belt()

{

color([0.08,0.08,0.08])

translate([0,1,frameHeight])

cube([length,beltWidth,0.35]);

// Cleats

for(i=[6:8:length-6])

{

translate([i,1,frameHeight])

cube([0.35,beltWidth,1.0]);

}

}

//==============================

module headPulley()

{

translate([0,beltWidth/2+1,frameHeight])

rotate([90,0,0])

color(&quot;silver&quot;)

cylinder(d=pulleyDia,h=beltWidth+2);

}

//==============================

module tailPulley()

{

translate([length,beltWidth/2+1,frameHeight])

rotate([90,0,0])

color(&quot;silver&quot;)

cylinder(d=pulleyDia,h=beltWidth+2);

}

//==============================

module motor()

{

// Gearbox

color([0.3,0.3,0.3])

translate([-7,beltWidth/2-3,frameHeight+5])

cube([6,6,6]);

// Motor

color([0.2,0.2,0.2])

translate([-16,beltWidth/2,frameHeight+8])

rotate([0,90,0])

cylinder(d=motorDia,h=motorLength);

}

//==============================

module guard()

{

color([1,0.8,0])

translate([-2,-1,frameHeight])

cube([1.5,4,16]);

}

//==============================

module supportLeg()

{

legX = 18;

drop = topHeight-4;

color([0.45,0.45,0.45])

translate([legX,beltWidth/2+1,-drop])

{

cube([3,3,drop]);

translate([-4,-3,0])

cube([11,9,0.5]);

}

}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>li13u0oqm8nbfnuvis7eaqrrgr9fwdv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Template:Metatalk</title>
    <ns>10</ns>
    <id>245350</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641912</id>
      <parentid>4026124</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T19:48:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2028</username>
        <id>3609666</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>New color</comment>
      <origin>4641912</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="461" sha1="nstk0i4g7axvdedp24ktoow2id7e4ss" xml:space="preserve">{{mbox
| type = delete
| text = &lt;div&gt;
* '''Do not ask general questions on this page.  Do not comment on books on this page.'''
* To comment on a book, '''go back''' to that book's discussion page.
* This page is for discussing the Wikibooks page &quot;[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}]]&quot;.
* [[WB:HELP|'''Use ''this link'' to ask questions and get answers''']].
&lt;/div&gt;}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation}}
&lt;!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>nstk0i4g7axvdedp24ktoow2id7e4ss</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641914</id>
      <parentid>4641912</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T19:53:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2028</username>
        <id>3609666</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Removed template “view”</comment>
      <origin>4641914</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="486" sha1="75xzc0v164jnbx0900gusec2d3rbg24" xml:space="preserve">{{mbox
| type = delete
| text = &lt;div&gt;
* '''Do not ask general questions on this page.  Do not comment on books on this page.'''
* To comment on a book, '''go back''' to that book's discussion page.
* This page is for discussing the Wikibooks page &quot;[[:{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}]]&quot;.
* [[WB:HELP|'''Use ''this link'' to ask questions and get answers''']].
&lt;/div&gt;}}&lt;noinclude&gt;
{{documentation|content={{Metatalk/doc}}}}
&lt;!-- Add cats and interwikis to the /doc subpage, not here! --&gt;
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>75xzc0v164jnbx0900gusec2d3rbg24</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant: The WikiBook/Light water reactor</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>252423</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641981</id>
      <parentid>4641620</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T09:58:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Kai Burghardt</username>
        <id>153973</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>use shorter ref names; update URLs /* top */ fix factual mistake [my [[Special: Diff/4641620|bad]]]</comment>
      <origin>4641981</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="21422" sha1="br1zugae1ibv4o2rmorpstka0ddmycu" xml:space="preserve">{{Nav}}[[File:Pumpless light water reactor.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A pumpless light water reactor]]
The '''light water reactor (LWR)''' is a type of thermal reactor that uses normal water as its coolant and neutron moderator. {{tooltip|Thermal reactors|fission (almost exclusively) triggered by thermal neutrons}} are the most common type of nuclear reactor, and light water reactors are the most common type of thermal reactor. There are three varieties of light water reactors: the pressurized water reactor (PWR), the boiling water reactor (BWR), and (most designs of) the supercritical water reactor (SCWR).

==Overview==
[[Image:Koebergnps.jpg|thumb|300px|The Koeberg nuclear power station, consisting of two {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}s fueled with uranium.]]
The family of nuclear reactors known as light water reactors (LWR), cooled and moderated using ordinary water, tend to be simpler and cheaper to build than other types of nuclear reactor; due to these factors, they make up the vast majority of civil nuclear reactors and naval propulsion reactors in service throughout the world {{as of|2009|lc=lc}}. {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}}s can be subdivided into three categories - pressurized water reactors (PWRs), boiling water reactors (BWRs), and supercritical water reactors (SWRs). Various agencies of the United States Federal Government were responsible for the initial development of the {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}} and {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}}. An effort by the {{abbr|US|United States}} Navy, starting immediately after the end of {{abbr|WWII|World War II}}, and led by (then) Captain Hyman Rickover, developed the first {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}s in the early 1950s, building the first nuclear submarine (the {{abbr|USS|United States Ship}} ''Nautilus'' SSN-571) while researcher Samuel Untermyer II led the effort to develop the {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}} at the {{abbr|US|United States}} National Reactor Testing Station ({{as of|2009|lc=lc}} the Idaho National Laboratory) in a series of tests called the {{abbr|BORAX|boiling water reactor experiment}} experiments. The former Soviet Union also independently developed their version of the {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}} in the late 1950s, and it became known as the {{abbr|VVER|vodo-vodyanoi enyergeticheskiy reaktor}}; because of this, Russian-designed {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}s are known in the West as {{abbr|VVER|vodo-vodyanoi enyergeticheskiy reaktor}}s, to denote their independent origin, and certain national design distinctions from Western {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}s. The {{abbr|SWR|supercritical water reactor}} remains hypothetical {{as of|2009|lc=lc}}; it is a Generation IV design that is still a {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}}, but it is only partially moderated by light water and exhibits certain characteristics of a fast neutron reactor.

The leaders in national experience with {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}s, offering reactors for export, are
* the United States (which offers the passively-safe AP1000, a {{tooltip|Westinghouse|Westinghouse Electric Company}} design, as well as several smaller, modular, passively-safe {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}s, such as the {{tooltip|MPower|Babcock and Wilcox B&amp;amp;W mPower}}, and the NuScale MASLWR),
* the Russian Federation (offering both the {{abbr|VVER|vodo-vodyanoi enyergeticheskiy reaktor}}-1000 and the {{abbr|VVER|vodo-vodyanoi enyergeticheskiy reaktor}}-1200 for export),
* the Republic of France (offering the AREVA {{abbr|EPR|Evolutionary Power Reactor}} for export),
* and Japan (offering the Mitsubishi Advanced Pressurized Water Reactor for export);
in addition, both the {{abbr|PRC|People's Republic of China}} and the {{abbr|ROK|Republic of Korea}} are both noted to be rapidly ascending into the front rank of {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}-constructing nations as well, with the Chinese being engaged in a massive program of nuclear power expansion, and the Koreans {{as of|2009|lc=lc}} designing and constructing their second generation of indigenous designs. The leaders in national experience with {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}}s, offering reactors for export, are the United States and Japan, with the alliance of General Electric (of the US) and Hitachi (of Japan), offering both the {{abbr|ABWR|Advanced Boiling Water Reactor}} and the {{abbr|ESBWR|Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor}} for construction and export, in addition, Toshiba also offers an {{abbr|ABWR|Advanced Boiling Water Reactor}} variant for construction in Japan, as well. Though the {{abbr|FRG|Federal Republic of Germany}} was once a major player with {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}}s, that nation has moved towards other pursuits, such as their massive expansion of coal power plants. The other types of nuclear reactor in use for power generation are the heavy water moderated reactor, built by Canada ({{abbr|CANDU|Canada deuterium uranium}}) and the Republic of India ({{abbr|AHWR|Advanced Heavy-Water Reactor}}), the advanced gas cooled reactor (AGCR), built by the {{abbr|UK|United Kingdom}}, the liquid metal cooled reactor (LMFBR), built by the Russian Federation, the Republic of France, and Japan, and the graphite-moderated, water-cooled reactor ({{abbr|RBMK|reaktor bolshoy moshchnosti kanalnyy}}), found exclusively within the Russian Federation and former Soviet states.

Though electricity generation capabilities are comparable between all these types of reactor, due to the aforementioned features, and the extensive experience with operations of the {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}}, it is favored in the vast majority of new {{abbr|NPP|nuclear power plant}}s, though the {{abbr|CANDU|Canada deuterium uranium}}/{{abbr|AHWR|Advanced Heavy-Water Reactor}} has a comparatively small (but quite dedicated) following. In addition, {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}}s make up the vast majority of reactors that power naval nuclear powered vessels. Four out of the five great powers with nuclear naval propulsion capacity use {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}}s exclusively: the British Royal Navy, the Chinese {{abbr|PLA|People's Liberation Army}} Navy, the French Marine nationale, and the {{abbr|US|United States of America}} Navy. Only the Russian Federation's Navy has used a relative handful of liquid-metal cooled reactors in production vessels, specifically the Alfa class submarine, which used lead-bismuth {{tooltip|eutectic|substance with well-defined melting point}} as a reactor moderator and coolant, but the vast majority of Russian nuclear-powered boats and ships use {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}}s exclusively. The reason for near exclusive {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}} use aboard nuclear naval vessels is the level of inherent safety built in to these types of reactors. Since light water is used as both a coolant and a neutron moderator in these reactors, if one of these reactors suffers damage due to military action, leading to a compromise of the reactor core's integrity, the resulting release of the light water moderator will act to stop the nuclear reaction and shut the reactor down. This capability is known as a negative void coefficient of reactivity.

'''{{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}}s offered {{as of|2009|lc=lc}} include the following''':
* {{abbr|ABWR|Advanced Boiling Water Reactor}}
* AP1000
* {{abbr|ESBWR|Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor}}
* European Pressurized Reactor
* {{abbr|VVER|vodo-vodyanoi enyergeticheskiy reaktor}}

===LWR Statistics===
Data from the International Atomic Energy Agency.&lt;ref name=&quot;IAEALWR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/WCR/LWR/|title=IAEA - LWR|accessdate=2009-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align: right; margin: auto;&quot; border=&quot;1&quot;
|+ {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}} statistics {{as of|2009|lc=lc}}
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; | Reactors in operation
| 359
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; | Reactors under construction
| 27
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; | Number of countries with {{abbr|LWR|light water reactors}}s
| 27
|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; | Generating capacity (in {{abbr|GW|gigawatt}})
| 328.4
|}

==Reactor design==
The {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}} releases thermal energy by controlled nuclear fission. The nuclear reactor core is the portion of a nuclear reactor where the nuclear reactions take place. It mainly consists of nuclear fuel and control elements. The pencil-thin nuclear fuel rods, each about 12 feet (3.7 m) long, are grouped by the hundreds in bundles called fuel assemblies. Inside each fuel rod, pellets of uranium, or more commonly uranium oxide, are stacked end to end. The control elements, called control rods, are filled with pellets of substances like hafnium or cadmium that readily capture neutrons. When the control rods are lowered into the core, they absorb neutrons, which thus cannot take part in the chain reaction. On the converse, when the control rods are lifted out of the way, more neutrons strike the fissile {{abbr|U|uranium}}-235 or {{abbr|Pu|plutonium}}-239 nuclei in nearby fuel rods, and the chain reaction intensifies. All of this is enclosed in a water-filled steel pressure vessel, called the reactor vessel.

In the {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}}, the thermal energy released by fission turns the water into steam, which directly drives the power-generating turbines. But in the {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}, the thermal energy released by fission is transferred to a secondary loop via a heat exchanger. Steam is produced in the secondary loop, and the secondary loop drives the power-generating turbines. In either case, after flowing through the turbines, the steam turns back into water in the condenser.&lt;ref name=&quot;ENSLWR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=https://www.euronuclear.org/glossary/light-water-reactor/|title=European Nuclear Society - Light water reactor|accessdate=2026-07-01}}&lt;/ref&gt;

{{multiple image
| align     = center
| direction = horizontal
| image1    = PressurizedWaterReactor.gif
| width1    = 350
| alt1      = Animated diagram of a pressurized water reactor
| caption1  = Animated diagram of a pressurized water reactor
| image2    = BoilingWaterReactor.gif
| width2    = 350
| alt2      = Animated Diagram of a boiling water reactor
| caption2  = Animated Diagram of a boiling water reactor
}}

The water required to cool the condenser is taken from a nearby river or ocean. It is then pumped back into the river or ocean, in warmed condition. The thermal energy could also be dissipated via a cooling tower into the atmosphere. The {{abbr|US|United States}} uses {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}}s for electric power production, in comparison to the {{abbr|HWR|heavy water reactor}}s used in Canada.&lt;ref name=&quot;HPLWR&quot;&gt;{{cite web|url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/Hbase/NucEne/ligwat.html|title=Light Water Reactors|accessdate=2009-01-18}}&lt;/ref&gt;

===Control===
[[Image:Reactor Vessel head.jpg|thumb|250px|A pressurized water reactor head, with the control rod nozzles visible on the top.]]
Control rods are usually combined into control rod assemblies – typically 20 rods for a commercial pressurized water reactor assembly – and inserted into guide tubes within a fuel element. A control rod is removed from or inserted into the central core of a nuclear reactor in order to control the number of neutrons which will split further uranium atoms. This in turn affects the thermal power of the reactor, the amount of steam generated, and hence the electricity produced. The control rods are partially removed from the core to allow a chain reaction to occur. The number of control rods inserted and the distance by which they are inserted can be varied to control the reactivity of the reactor.

Usually there are also other means of controlling reactivity. In the {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}} design a soluble neutron absorber, usually {{tooltip|boric acid|B(OH)₃}}, is added to the reactor coolant allowing the complete extraction of the control rods during stationary power operation ensuring an even power and flux distribution over the entire core. Operators of the {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}} design use the coolant flow through the core to control reactivity by varying the speed of the reactor recirculation pumps. An increase in the coolant flow through the core improves the removal of steam bubbles, thus increasing the density of the coolant/moderator with the result of increasing power.

===Coolant===
The {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}} also uses ordinary water to keep the reactor cooled. The cooling source, light water, is circulated past the reactor core to absorb the heat that it generates. The heat is carried away from the reactor and is then used to generate steam. Most reactor systems employ a cooling system that is physically separate from the water that will be boiled to produce pressurized steam for the turbines, like the {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}. But in some reactors the water for the steam turbines is boiled directly by the reactor core, for example the {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}}.

Many other reactors are also light water cooled, notably the {{abbr|RBMK|reaktor bolshoy moshchnosti kanalnyy}} and some military plutonium production reactors. These are not regarded as {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}}s, as they are moderated by graphite, and as a result their nuclear characteristics are very different. Although the coolant flow rate in commercial {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}s is constant, it is not in nuclear reactors used on U.S. Navy ships.

===Fuel===
[[Image:Fuel Pellet.jpg|thumb|250px|A nuclear fuel pellet.]]
[[Image:Pellet rod.jpg|thumb|250px|Nuclear fuel pellets that are ready for fuel assembly completion.]]
The use of ordinary water makes it necessary to do a certain amount of enrichment of the uranium fuel before the necessary criticality of the reactor can be maintained. The light water reactor uses {{abbr|U|uranium}}‑235 as a fuel, enriched to approximately 3 percent. Although this is its major fuel, the {{abbr|U|uranium}}‑238 atoms also contribute to the fission process by converting to {{abbr|Pu|plutonium}}‑239; about one-half of which is consumed in the reactor. Light-water reactors are generally refueled every 12 to 18 months, at which time, about 25 percent of the fuel is replaced.

The enriched {{tooltip|UF&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;|uranium hexafluoride}} is converted into {{tooltip|UO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;|uranium dioxide}} powder that is then processed into pellet form. The pellets are then fired in a high-temperature, sintering furnace to create hard, ceramic pellets of enriched uranium. The cylindrical pellets then undergo a grinding process to achieve a uniform pellet size. The uranium oxide is dried before inserting into the tubes to try to eliminate moisture in the ceramic fuel that can lead to corrosion and hydrogen embrittlement. The pellets are stacked, according to each nuclear core's design specifications, into tubes of corrosion-resistant metal alloy. The tubes are sealed to contain the fuel pellets: these tubes are called fuel rods.

The finished fuel rods are grouped in special fuel assemblies that are then used to build up the nuclear fuel core of a power reactor. The metal used for the tubes depends on the design of the reactor - stainless steel was used in the past, but most reactors now use a zirconium alloy. For the most common types of reactors the tubes are assembled into bundles with the tubes spaced precise distances apart. These bundles are then given a unique identification number, which enables them to be tracked from manufacture through use and into disposal.

{{abbr|PWR|Pressurized water reactor}} fuel consists of cylindrical rods put into bundles. A uranium oxide ceramic is formed into pellets and inserted into Zircaloy tubes that are bundled together. The Zircaloy tubes are about 1&amp;nbsp;cm in diameter, and the fuel cladding gap is filled with {{abbr|He|helium}} gas to improve the conduction of heat from the fuel to the cladding. There are about 179 – 264 fuel rods per fuel bundle and about 121 to 193 fuel bundles are loaded into a reactor core. Generally, the fuel bundles consist of fuel rods bundled 14 × 14 to 17 × 17. {{abbr|PWR|Pressurized water reactor}} fuel bundles are about 4 meters in length. The Zircaloy tubes are pressurized with {{abbr|He|helium}} to try to minimize pellet cladding interaction which can lead to fuel rod failure over long periods.

In {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}}s, the fuel is similar to {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}} fuel except that the bundles are &quot;canned&quot;; that is, there is a thin tube surrounding each bundle. This is primarily done to prevent local density variations from effecting neutronics and thermal hydraulics of the nuclear core on a global scale. In modern {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}} fuel bundles, there are either 91, 92, or 96 fuel rods per assembly depending on the manufacturer. A range between 368 assemblies for the smallest and 800 assemblies for the largest {{abbr|U.S.|United States}} {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}} forms the reactor core. Each {{abbr|BWR|boiling water reactor}} fuel rod is back filled with {{abbr|He|helium}} to a pressure of about three atmospheres (300 {{abbr|kPa|kilopascal}}).

===Moderator===
A neutron moderator is a medium which reduces the velocity of {{abbr|fast|in nuclear reactor engineering “fast” means 10–15 Mm/s}} neutrons, thereby turning them into {{tooltip|thermal|possessing only the thermal energy of the environment}} neutrons capable of sustaining a nuclear chain reaction involving uranium-235. A good neutron moderator is a material full of atoms with light nuclei which do not easily absorb neutrons. The neutrons strike the nuclei and bounce off. After sufficient impacts, the velocity of the neutron will be comparable to the thermal velocities of the nuclei; this neutron is then called a thermal neutron.

The {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}} uses ordinary water, also called light water, as its neutron moderator. The light water absorbs too many neutrons to be used with unenriched natural uranium, and therefore uranium enrichment or nuclear reprocessing becomes necessary to operate such reactors, increasing overall costs. This differentiates it from a {{abbr|HWR|heavy water reactor}}, which uses heavy water as a neutron moderator. While ordinary water has ''some'' heavy water molecules in it, it is not enough to be important in most applications. In practice all {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}}s are also water-cooled. In {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}s the coolant water is used as a moderator by letting the neutrons undergo multiple collisions with light hydrogen atoms in the water, losing speed in the process. This moderating of neutrons will happen more often when the water is denser, because more collisions will occur.

The use of water as a moderator is an important safety feature of {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}}s, as any increase in temperature causes the water to expand and become less dense; thereby reducing the extent to which neutrons are slowed down and hence reducing the reactivity in the reactor. Therefore, if reactivity increases beyond normal, the reduced moderation of neutrons will cause the chain reaction to slow down, producing less heat. This property, known as the negative temperature coefficient of reactivity, makes {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}} reactors very stable. In event of a loss-of-coolant accident, the moderator is also lost and the active fission reaction will stop leaving just a 5% power level for 1 to 3 years called the &quot;decay heat&quot;. This 5% &quot;decay heat&quot; will continue for 1 to 3 years after shut down, where upon it finally reaches &quot;full cold shutdown&quot;. &quot;Decay heat&quot; while dangerous and strong enough to melt the core, is not nearly as dangerous as an active fission reaction. During this &quot;decay heat&quot; post shutdown period the reactor requires water pumped cooling or the reactor will overheat to above 2200&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|°C|degrees celsius}} where upon the heat separates the cooling water in to its constituent parts {{abbr|H|hydrogen}} and {{abbr|O|oxygen}} which can cause hydrogen explosions, threatening structural damage or even the possible exposure of highly radioactive stored fuel rods stored ready for use in surrounding nuclear storage pools ({{abbr|approx.|approximately}} 15&amp;nbsp;{{abbr|Mg|megagramm = 10⁶ gramm}} of fuel is replenished each year to maintain normal {{abbr|PWR|pressurized water reactor}} operation). This decay heat is the major risk factor in {{abbr|LWR|light water reactor}} safety record.

==PIUS reactor==
PIUS, standing for ''Process Inherent Ultimate Safety'', was a Swedish design concept for a light-water reactor system. &lt;ref&gt; National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Future Nuclear Power, ''Nuclear power: technical and institutional options for the future'' National Academies Press, 1992, {{ISBN|0309043956 }} page 122 &lt;/ref&gt; It relied on passive measures, not requiring operator actions or external energy supplies, to provide safe operation. No units were ever built.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://lwrs.inl.gov/ Light Water Reactor Sustainability (LWRS) Program]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>br1zugae1ibv4o2rmorpstka0ddmycu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Speciation</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>261234</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641859</id>
      <parentid>3519289</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:28:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641859</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7194" sha1="7nnm45mjh8wxddhkaheo5fxsv35cjlr" xml:space="preserve">Speciation is a term which aims to describe the manner in which different species come about. This is very important because it explains how the original common ancestor has diverged into the multitude of species that are living today.

==Major Theories on Speciation==
===Biological Species Concept===
The Biological Species concept aims to explain speciation by looking at the likelihood of species to interbreed and produce viable and fertile offspring. In other words, if species are able to mate and bear healthy, fertile offspring, this will not lead to speciation, but if there is anything that barriers this interbreeding, a new species could arise. 

Reproductive isolation is an example of a case where due to the lack of interbreeding within a species, a new species could arise. 
Factors which lead to reproductive isolation could be mechanical differences meaning the two species could not physically mate successfully. Behavioral differences could also lead to a lack of mating between species. 

===Morphospecies Concept===
The Morphospecies concept tries to explain speciation by looking at similarities in structures from species to next.
[[File:Mam ForelimbsHumanBat.png|thumb|The similar bone structures between a human and a bat]]

One example of this is mammalian forelimbs. A human, a cat, a whale and a bat all have similar forelimbs.

It is through these similarities in morphological structure that scientists can deduce some sort of common ancestor which contained these structures, and from there hypothesize on where the speciation occurred. Of course, it is much harder to deduce this for something such as a bat and a human, but there are many cases which this concept can be more directly applied. For example, the different species of finches due to there different beak sizes and shapes.

===Phylogenic Species Concept===

The Phylogenic Species concept aims to explain speciation by looking at genetic history of species. In this method physical characteristics and molecular sequences of organisms are compared to find the set of organisms that share a unique genetic history. As a result, the groups of the individuals that are sufficiently different are separate species.
This analysis has some advantage; for instance, it can be applied to all types of organisms - asexual organisms, such as bacteria. In addition, ''Sibling Species'' - Species that are very similar that they cannot be distinguished by morphological analysis - can be recognized. Phylogenic Species analysis also has some disadvantages. For example, good phylogenies are not available for most organisms and it is not clear that how much genetic divergence represents long-term isolation and thus speciation.&lt;ref&gt;{{cite book | last = Berg| first = Jeremy M. | year = 2010 | title = Biochemistry| edition = 7th Ed. | publisher = W. H. Freeman and Company| id = ISBN0-1-42-922936-5}}&lt;/ref&gt;

=== Different types of Speciation===
To recognize speciation, it is significant to have a definition of a species. A species is a group of populations through which genes can flow and whose offspring have a fitness equal to the parents. As evolution progresses, gene flow is ultimately stopped between one population and the species as a whole. As a population undergoes changes in gene frequencies it could diverge entirely until it is reproductively distinct from other populations of the species from which it diverged. This is called phyletic evolution or anagenesis. Alternatively the population could evolve into two distinct species that exist simultaneously. This is called true speciation or cladogenesis. 

Cladogenesis occurs because reproductive-isolating mechanisms prevents two sub-populations from interbreeding. 
This reproductive barrier could be the result of 

1) the isolation of one portion of the population by some physical barrier

2) a sub-population becoming established in a new ecological niche not previously occupied by the species

3) a polymorphism becoming established in a population before it moves to a new ecological niche

Speciation involves the genetic transform in a subgroup of a population that renders the new population unavailable of reproducing offspring with the original population. If a reproductive barrier occurs because of isolation by a physical barrier, the isolated population can evolve and develop into a new species. This process is termed allopatric speciation. This has been considered for a long time to be the primary mode of speciation. 
Speciation can also occur when a subpopulation migrates into a new niche. This is termed parapatric speciation, and this process seems to have been used by some annual plants. 

The final form of speciation is called sympatric speciation. This type of speciation occurs when a subpopulation that occupies the same niche as the remainder of the species develops a unique mutation that prevents it from mating with the original population. That new species may have an ecological advantage which permit its establishment as a species in the same niche. A nice example of this method of speciation is the development of the new saltmarsh species Spartina townsendii, that was derived from S. alterniflora and S. maritima, but is reproductively incompatible with either parent. This new species is better adapted to the coastal regions of Holland than either of the parental species and was able to better establish itself in that niche.

==Theories behind Evolutionary Speciation==

At the current time there are two accepted theories on ways in which the evolution of a species, leading to speciation, can occur. The two theories are gradualism and punctuated equilibrium. The difference between these two theories primarily lie in the time scale between when speciation may occur in a particular organism.
 
Gradualism is the theory that selection and variation happens in a more gradual state. In other words, over a short period of time, it is difficult to recognize the change that is happening, either phenotype or genetically, and small variations that fit an organism become gradually better to its environment. Over a long period of time, one could recognize a change and can lead to subsequent speciation.

Punctuated Equilibrium speaks of change that comes in spurts. There is a period of very little change and then one or few huge changes occur. This usually occurs through mutations in the genome of an individual organism. Mutations are random changes in the DNA sequence that are not inherited from the previous parental generation. Although some mutations are harmful, some mutations prove to be beneficial to an organism surroundings and are naturally selected. Once selected, speciation follows suit to forever change the organisms to its better adaption to its environment. 


==Reference==

1.{{cite book | last= Campbell |first= Neil A. |coauthors+ H.C. Van Ness, M.M. Abbott |title= [[Biology]] |publisher= [[Pearson]] |year= 2005 |isbn= 0-8053-7146-0}}

http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange1/current/lectures/speciation/speciation.html
{{BookCat}}

Berg, Jeremy M., John L. Tymoczko, and Lubert Stryer. Biochemistry. 6th ed. New York: W. H. Freeman and, 2006. Print.</text>
      <sha1>7nnm45mjh8wxddhkaheo5fxsv35cjlr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Point Groups</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>280239</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641842</id>
      <parentid>4402330</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:14:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641842</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26486" sha1="ggph6a27wcqtl9x5c4h4n96h998e74a" xml:space="preserve">Each molecule has a set of symmetry operations that describes the molecule's overall symmetry. This set of symmetry to classify molecules is known as point group
Group theory is a powerful mathematical tool in determining the symmetry, properties, and data of complex molecules. 
Molecules are said to belong to the same point group if they have the same symmetry response under a set of operations. That is to say, two molecules can have totally different shapes but belong to the same point group as long as the respond the same to some symmetry operations.
A molecule can only belong to one point group. It cannot belong to more than one point group. 

It is important to understand that point groups is a tool for categorizing the different symmetries a molecule might have. This tries to classify molecules based on their molecular shapes and symmetries. There are various symmetry elements used to illuminate the shape of the molecule. The shape and symmetry of a molecule is highly important especially in structural biochemistry because structure determines functions of proteins and molecules. It is also important to note that many molecules are constantly going through conformational change, therefore its point group can also change. Point group is a tool for us to understand on a molecular level, symmetry. &lt;ref name=&quot;Point groups&quot;&gt;[http://www.chem.uky.edu/research/grossman/stereo/pointgroups.HTML Point groups], November 14th, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Coxeter diagram finite rank2 correspondence.png|thumbnail]]

==Types of Point Groups==
Molecules can be separated by the symmetry elements that they contain. The different Symmetry operations can be classified into:
[[File:Ammonia-2D.svg|thumb|Ammonia|upright]]
-'''Rotation operation (C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;):'''  is rotation of 360/n degrees about a rotation axis that renders the object unchanged.. For example, ammonia (NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) contains a threefold rotational axis, which gives it a C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; operation. Objects or molecules can have more than one rotational axis. An example of an object with more than one rotational axis is a snowflake or octahedron. [[File:Snowflake Study (5243837232).jpg|thumb|right|Snowflake|upright]]
 
-'''Reflection operation (σ):'''  is a reflection across the mirror plane where when the object remains unchanged when reflected. There are three different σ's. The first is σ&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;where the mirror plane is parallel to the primary axis of rotation and an outer atom. A σ&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; is a mirror plane that is also parallel to the primary axis of rotation but it does not pass through an outer atom, rather it is between two outer atoms. An exception to this is in T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; and D&lt;sub&gt;nd&lt;/sub&gt;, in which all mirror planes are referred to as σ&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;. The last mirror plane is such that is a horizontal reflection σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; where the plane of reflection is perpendicular to the primary axis of rotation. A primary axis of rotation is the axis with the greatest number of rotational symmetry folds. Objects and molecules can also have more than one plane of reflection.[[File:Sigma v.jpg|thumb|text-bottom|σ&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;]][[File:Sigma d.jpg|thumb|text-bottom|σ&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;]][[File:Sigma h.jpg|thumb|text-bottom|σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;]]

-'''Inversion operation (i):''' is a combination of a C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; rotation and a σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; operation to invert the molecule across a point of inversion, which is usually taken to be the center of the molecule. It is a reflection (or inversion) through the mid-point (center) of the object or molecule.

-'''Improper Rotation (S&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;):''' is the rotation of 360/n, followed by reflection through a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;. An S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; operation is identical to an inversion (both being a 180 degree rotation, followed by a reflection across the perpendicular horizontal axis).

-'''Identity (E):''' is merely a rotation by 360 degrees around an arbitrary axis that returns an equivalent configuration. Every molecule has at least an E operation.
==Examples==
O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; – octahedral point group – contains all symmetry elements and operation of a perfect octahedron.
[[File:Octahedron-2-3D-balls.png|thumb|center|Figure I. Octahedron. ]]

C&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt; : An infinite number of mirror plane parallel to an infinite number of rotation axis.
[[File:Carbon-monoxide-3D-vdW.png|thumb|center| ]]
 

D&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt; : not only has an infinite number of rotation axis and mirror planes but also has a two-fold rotation perpendicular to these infinite number of rotation axis. D&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt; also has an inversion center.

C&lt;sub&gt;3v&lt;/sub&gt;
There is a 3-fold primary rotation axis and 3 mirror planes parallel to that axis.

D&lt;sub&gt;3h&lt;/sub&gt;
Designates that there are 3 two-fold rotational axes perpendicular to a three-fold primary axis and a mirror plane perpendicular to that primary axis.


==How to Work a Point Group Flow Chart==
All molecules have some type of symmetry or lack thereof, and can be grouped into categories (called point groups) where all molecules with the same symmetries have the same point group. To facilitate the determination of a molecule's point group, without having to exhaustively determine every one of its symmetry properties, a point group flow chart can be used. A molecule's point group can be easily determined by finding how many rotational and mirror planes it contains in a logical manner. The less symmetrical an object is, the more difficult symmetry operations are needed to determine its point group, where as the higher symmetries are more easily determined. This allows users to answer simple questions based on the shape of the molecule. If one is able to understand the point group flowchart, there requires no memorization. Therefore point group determination is quite simple, all it requires is knowledge of types of point group and some visualization. &lt;ref name=&quot;point group&quot;&gt;[http://symmetry.otterbein.edu/tutorial/pointgroups.html pointgroup], October 28, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

There are many other point groups such as C&lt;sub&gt;4v&lt;/sub&gt;, C&lt;sub&gt;5v&lt;/sub&gt;, D&lt;sub&gt;4h&lt;/sub&gt;, D&lt;sub&gt;5h&lt;/sub&gt;, etc. Memorizing the definition of all the point-groups is overwhelming. To simplify this, point group of a molecule can be easily found by following a flow chart. First, start with determining if the molecule is linear or not. If it is, then determine if there is an inversion center. If the molecule is not linear, check if there are two or more C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;, where n is greater than two. If yes, then determine if there is an inversion center and if there is a C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; rotation axis. If there are two or more C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;'s, then check if there are C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;'s at all. If so, then check if the C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; with the higher n is perpendicular to nC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;If so, then determine if the molecule has a σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; or σ&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;. If there aren't two or more C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;'s, then check if there is a σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;, nσ&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;, or S&lt;sub&gt;2n&lt;/sub&gt;. These are the cases where there is a C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;, but if there aren't any C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;'s then check if there is a σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; of inversion center. If this is done correctly, the arrival at the end of a chain will be the point group for the observed molecule.&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

[[File:Flow chart.png|center|Point Group Flow Chart]]

=Example of how to use the flow chart=
[[File:Water molecule like Micky mouse.png|thumb|center|Water molecule]]
Above is a figure of water molecule. Following the flow chart:
1.	The molecule is not linear
2.	The molecule does not have more than 2 axis of rotation other than the primary axis
3.	The molecule has a proper C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; primary rotation
4.	But the molecule does not have 2 other proper rotation axis perpendicular to the primary rotation axis
5.	The molecule does not have a mirror plane perpendicular to the primary axis
6.	The molecule has two mirror plane parallel to the primary axis
7.	Thus, water molecule belongs to C&lt;sub&gt;2v&lt;/sub&gt; point group

[[File:BF5.png|thumb|center|BF&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; molecule]]
Above is a figure of BF&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; molecule. Following the point group flow chart:
1.	The molecule is not linear
2.	The molecule does not have more than 2 rotation axis other than the primary rotational axis
3.	The molecule has a 4-fold proper rotational axis
4.	The molecule does not have 4 C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; axis that is perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
5.	The molecule does not have a mirror plane that is perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
6.	The molecule has 4 mirror planes that are perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
7.	The molecule hence belongs to C&lt;sub&gt;4v&lt;/sub&gt; point group

[[File:Cyclopropane molecular orbital.png|thumb|center|Cyclopropane]]
Above is a figure of a cyclopropane molecule. Following the point group flow chart:
1.	The molecule is not linear
2.	The molecule does not have more than 2 rotation axis other than the primary rotational axis
3.	The molecule has a proper 3-fold rotational axis
4.	The molecule has 3 perpendicular C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; axis 
5.	The molecule has a mirror plane perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
6.	The molecule hence belongs to D&lt;sub&gt;3h&lt;/sub&gt; point group

[[File:Cyclopropane molecular orbital.png|thumb|center|Octachloride osmium]]
Above is a molecule octachloride osmium with an eclipse conformation. Following the flow chart
1.	The molecule is not linear
2.	The molecule does not have more than 2 rotation axis other than the primary rotational axis
3.	The molecule has a C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; proper rotational axis
4.	The molecule has 4 C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; proper rotational axis that is perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
5.	The molecule does not have a mirror plane that is perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
6.	The molecule has 4 mirror planes that are parallel to the primary rotational axis
7.	The molecule hence belongs to D&lt;sub&gt;4d&lt;/sub&gt; point group


==High Symmetry Point Groups==
Molecules of high symmetry are of certain geometric shapes like Linear, Octahedral (O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;), Tetrahedral (T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;), and Icosahedral (Ih) shapes. Although there are some variations in these symmetries, they are often rare in nature.

-'''C&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt;''' are linear molecules with an infinite number of rotations along the primary rotation axis, and an infinite number of reflection planes containing the rotation axis. They have no center of inversion, and are usually two atom molecules.

-'''D&lt;sub&gt;∞h&lt;/sub&gt;''' are also linear molecules with an infinite number of rotations along the primary axis and an infinite number of reflection planes containing the rotation axis. The three main difference from a C&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt; are that a C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; axes and a reflection plane exist perpendicular to the primary axis of rotation, and an inversion center.

-'''T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;''' molecules have a tetrahedral geometry (but don't always have the shape of a tetrahedral). They have 4 C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; axes, 3 C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; axes, 3 S&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; axes, and 6 mirror planes. However, they lack C4 axes.

-'''O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;''' molecules are most commonly those with octahedral structure. They typically have 4 C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rotations, 3 C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; rotations, and an inversion center

-'''I&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;''' molecules are identified by their C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; axes, along with its inversion center.

==Low Symmetry Point Groups==
C&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; is a molecule with no symmetry other than the identity operation, E.
C&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt; is a molecule with only a mirror plane and the identity operation, E.
C&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; contains only an inversion center and the identity operation, E.

==Examples of Specific Point Groups==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Group
! [[Hermann&amp;ndash;Mauguin notation|Intl]]
![[Orbifold]]
![[Coxeter notation|Coxeter]]
! Order
! Description
|-
| ''C''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;
| ''n''
| nn
| [''n'']&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| ''n''
| Cyclic: ''n''-fold rotations. Abstract group Z&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;, the group of integers under addition modulo ''n''.
|-
| D&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;
| ''n''m
| *nn
| [n]
| 2''n''
| Dihedral: cyclic with reflections. Abstract group Dih&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;, the [[dihedral group]].
|}
[[File:Coxeter_diagram_finite_rank2_correspondence.png|thumb|Finite isomorphism and correspondences]]
The subset of pure reflectional point groups, defined by 1 or 2 mirrors, can also be given by their [[Coxeter group]] and related polygons. These include 5 crystallographic groups. The symmetry of the reflectional groups can be doubled by an [[isomorphism]], mapping both mirrors onto each other by a bisecting mirror, doubling the symmetry order.
{| class=wikitable
!colspan=5|Reflective
!colspan=3|Rotational
!rowspan=2|Related polygons
|-
!Group
!colspan=2|[[Coxeter group]]
!colspan=2|[[Coxeter&amp;ndash;Dynkin diagram|Coxeter diagram]]
!Order
!Subgroup
!Coxeter
!Order
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''1''&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[&amp;nbsp;]||{{CDD|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1}}||2||C&lt;sub&gt;''1''&lt;/sub&gt;||[]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||1
|[[Digon]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''2''&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;||[2]||{{CDD|node|2|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||4||C&lt;sub&gt;''2''&lt;/sub&gt;||[2]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||2
|[[Rectangle]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''3''&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[3]||{{CDD|node|3|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2}}||6||C&lt;sub&gt;''3''&lt;/sub&gt;||[3]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||3
|[[Equilateral triangle]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''4''&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[4]||{{CDD|node|4|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c2}}||8||C&lt;sub&gt;''4''&lt;/sub&gt;||[4]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||4
|[[Square (geometry)|Square]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''5''&lt;/sub&gt;|| H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[5]||{{CDD|node|5|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c2}}||10||C&lt;sub&gt;''5''&lt;/sub&gt;||[5]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||5
|[[Regular pentagon]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''6''&lt;/sub&gt;|| G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[6]||{{CDD|node|6|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|6|node_c2}}||12||C&lt;sub&gt;''6''&lt;/sub&gt;||[6]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||6
|[[Regular hexagon]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)||[n]||{{CDD|node|n|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c2}}||''2n''||C&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;||[n]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||n
|[[Regular polygon]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''2''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;2]] = [4]||{{CDD|node|2|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|4|node}}||8
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''3''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;3]] = [6]||{{CDD|node|3|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|6|node}}||12
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''4''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;4]] = [8]||{{CDD|node|4|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|8|node}}||16
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''5''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;5]] = [10]||{{CDD|node|5|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|10|node}}||20
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''6''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;6]] = [12]||{{CDD|node|6|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|6|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|12|node}}||24
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;n]] = [2n]||{{CDD|node|n|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|2x|n|node}}||4''n''
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- valign=top
|
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! [[Hermann&amp;ndash;Mauguin notation|Intl]]&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;
! Geo&lt;BR&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Crystallographic Space groups in Geometric algebra'', [[David Hestenes|D. Hestenes]] and J. Holt, Journal of Mathematical Physics. 48, 023514 (2007) (22 pages) [[PDF]] [http://geocalc.clas.asu.edu/pdf/CrystalGA.pdf]&lt;/ref&gt;
! [[Orbifold notation|Orbifold]]
! [[Schönflies notation|Schönflies]]
! [[John Horton Conway|Conway]]
! [[Coxeter notation|Coxeter]]
! Order
|-  align=center
| 1
| {{overline|1}}
| 1
| C&lt;SUB&gt;1&lt;/SUB&gt;
| C&lt;SUB&gt;1&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [&amp;nbsp;]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 1
|-  align=center
| {{overline|1}}
| {{overline|22}}
| &amp;times;1
| C&lt;SUB&gt;i&lt;/SUB&gt; = S&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;
| CC&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]
| 2
|-  align=center
| {{overline|2}} = m
| 1
| *1
| C&lt;SUB&gt;s&lt;/SUB&gt; = C&lt;SUB&gt;1v&lt;/SUB&gt; = C&lt;SUB&gt;1h&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±C&lt;SUB&gt;1&lt;/SUB&gt; = CD&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [&amp;nbsp;]
| 2
|-  align=center valign=top
| 2&lt;BR&gt;3&lt;BR&gt;4&lt;BR&gt;5&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;n
| {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|3}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|4}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|5}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|n}}
| 22&lt;BR&gt;33&lt;BR&gt;44&lt;BR&gt;55&lt;BR&gt;66&lt;BR&gt;nn
| C&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;5&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| C&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;5&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[3]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[4]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[5]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[6]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[n]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;
| 2&lt;BR&gt;3&lt;BR&gt;4&lt;BR&gt;5&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;''n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| 2mm&lt;BR&gt;3m&lt;BR&gt;4mm&lt;BR&gt;5m&lt;BR&gt;6mm&lt;br&gt;nmm&lt;br&gt;nm
| 2&lt;BR&gt;3&lt;BR&gt;4&lt;BR&gt;5&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;n
| *22&lt;BR&gt;*33&lt;BR&gt;*44&lt;BR&gt;*55&lt;BR&gt;*66&lt;BR&gt;*nn
| C&lt;SUB&gt;2v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;3v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;4v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;5v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;6v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;nv&lt;/SUB&gt;
| CD&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2]&lt;BR&gt;[3]&lt;BR&gt;[4]&lt;BR&gt;[5]&lt;BR&gt;[6]&lt;BR&gt;[n]
| 4&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;8&lt;BR&gt;10&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;''2n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| 2/m&lt;BR&gt;3/m&lt;BR&gt;4/m&lt;BR&gt;5/m&lt;BR&gt;6/m&lt;BR&gt;n/m
| {{overline|2}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|3}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|4}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|5}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|n}} 2
| 2*&lt;BR&gt;3*&lt;BR&gt;4*&lt;BR&gt;5*&lt;BR&gt;6*&lt;BR&gt;n*
| C&lt;SUB&gt;2h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;3h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;4h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;5h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;6h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;nh&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±C&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt; / CC&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2,2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,5&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,6&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,n&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]
| 4&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;8&lt;BR&gt;10&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;''2n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| {{overline|4}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|3}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|8}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|5}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|12}}&lt;br&gt;{{overline|2n}}&lt;br&gt;{{overline|n}}
| {{overline|4 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|8 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|10 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|12 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|2n 2}}
| 2&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;3&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;4&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;5&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;6&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;n&amp;times;
| S&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| CC&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;5&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt; / ±C&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,6&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,10&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,12&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,2n&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]
| 4&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;8&lt;BR&gt;10&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;''2n''
|}
|
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! [[Hermann&amp;ndash;Mauguin notation|Intl]]
! Geo
! [[Orbifold notation|Orbifold]]
! [[Schönflies notation|Schönflies]]
! [[John Horton Conway|Conway]]
! [[Coxeter notation|Coxeter]]
! Order
|- align=center valign=top
| 222&lt;BR&gt;32&lt;BR&gt;422&lt;BR&gt;52&lt;BR&gt;622&lt;br&gt;n22&lt;br&gt;n2
| {{overline|2}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|3}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|4}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|5}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|n}} {{overline|2}}
| 222&lt;BR&gt;223&lt;BR&gt;224&lt;BR&gt;225&lt;BR&gt;226&lt;BR&gt;22n
| D&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;5&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| D&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2,2]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,3]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,4]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,5]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,6]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,n]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 4&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;8&lt;BR&gt;10&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;2''n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| mmm&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6}}m2&lt;BR&gt;4/mmm&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|10}}m2&lt;BR&gt;6/mmm&lt;br&gt;n/mmm&lt;br&gt;{{overline|2n}}m2
| 2 2&lt;BR&gt;3 2&lt;BR&gt;4 2&lt;BR&gt;5 2&lt;BR&gt;6 2&lt;BR&gt;n 2
| *222&lt;BR&gt;*223&lt;BR&gt;*224&lt;BR&gt;*225&lt;BR&gt;*226&lt;BR&gt;*22n
| D&lt;SUB&gt;2h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;3h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;4h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;5h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;6h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;nh&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±D&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;20&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt; / DD&lt;SUB&gt;4n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2,2]&lt;BR&gt;[2,3]&lt;BR&gt;[2,4]&lt;BR&gt;[2,5]&lt;BR&gt;[2,6]&lt;BR&gt;[2,n]
| 8&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;16&lt;BR&gt;20&lt;BR&gt;24&lt;BR&gt;''4n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| {{Overline|4}}2m&lt;BR&gt;{{Overline|3}}m&lt;BR&gt;{{Overline|8}}2m&lt;BR&gt;{{Overline|5}}m&lt;BR&gt;{{Overline|12}}2m&lt;br&gt;{{Overline|2n}}2m&lt;br&gt;{{Overline|n}}m
| 4 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;6 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;8 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;10 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;12 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;n {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;
| 2*2&lt;BR&gt;2*3&lt;BR&gt;2*4&lt;BR&gt;2*5&lt;BR&gt;2*6&lt;BR&gt;2*n
| D&lt;SUB&gt;2d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;3d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;4d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;5d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;6d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;nd&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±D&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;16&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;24&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;4n&lt;/SUB&gt; / ±D&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,4]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,6]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,8]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,10]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,12]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,2n]
| 8&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;16&lt;BR&gt;20&lt;BR&gt;24&lt;BR&gt;''4n''
|-  align=center
| 23
| {{overline|3}} {{overline|3}}
| 332
| T
| T
| [3,3]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 12
|-  align=center
| m{{overline|3}}
| 4 {{overline|3}}
| 3*2
| T&lt;SUB&gt;h&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±T
| [3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,4]
| 24
|-  align=center
| {{overline|4}}3m
| 3 3
| *332
| T&lt;SUB&gt;d&lt;/SUB&gt;
| TO
| [3,3]
| 24
|-  align=center
| 432
| {{overline|4}} {{overline|3}}
| 432
| O
| O
| [3,4]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 24
|-  align=center
| m{{overline|3}}m
| 4 3
| *432
| O&lt;SUB&gt;h&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±O
| [3,4]
| 48
|-  align=center
| 532
| {{overline|5}} {{overline|3}}
| 532
| I
| I
| [3,5]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 60
|- align=center
| {{overline|5}}{{overline|3}}m
| 5 3
| *532
| I&lt;SUB&gt;h&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±I
| [3,5]
| 120
|}
|-
|colspan=2|(*) When the Intl entries are duplicated, the first is for even ''n'', the second for odd ''n''.
|}

=== Reflective subset groups ===
[[File:Coxeter_diagram_finite_rank3_correspondence.png|thumb|Finite isomorphism and correspondences]]
The subset of pure reflectional point groups, defined by 1 to 3 mirror planes, can also be given by their [[Coxeter group]] and related polyhedra. The [3,3] group can be doubled, written as &lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;3,3]], mapping the first and last mirrors onto each other, doubling the symmetry to 48, and isomorphic to the [4,3] group.
{| class=wikitable
![[Schönflies notation|Schönflies]]
!colspan=2|[[Coxeter group]]
!colspan=2|[[Coxeter&amp;ndash;Dynkin diagram|Coxeter diagram]]
!Order
!Related regular and prismatic polyhedra
|- align=center
||T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;||[3,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2|3|node_c3}}||||24||[[Tetrahedron]]
|- align=center
||T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;×2 = BC&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;3,3]] = [4,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2|3|node_c1}}||= {{CDD|node|4|node_c1|3|node_c2}}||48||[[Stellated octahedron]]
|- align=center
||O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;||[4,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c2|3|node_c3}}||||48||[[Cube]], [[octahedron]]
|- align=center
||I&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;||H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;||[5,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c2|3|node_c3}}||||120||[[Icosahedron]], [[dodecahedron]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;3h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[3,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||12||[[Triangular prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;3h&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = D&lt;sub&gt;6h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;×2||[[3],2]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|6|node|2|node_c2}}||24||[[Hexagonal prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;4h&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[4,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||16||[[Square prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;4h&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = D&lt;sub&gt;8h&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;×2||[[4],2] = [8,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|8|node|2|node_c2}}||32||[[Octagonal prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;5h&lt;/sub&gt;|| H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[5,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||20||[[Pentagonal prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;6h&lt;/sub&gt;|| G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[6,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|6|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||24||[[Hexagonal prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;nh&lt;/sub&gt;|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[n,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||''4n''||''n''-gonal [[Prism (geometry)|prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;nh&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = D&lt;sub&gt;2nh&lt;/sub&gt;|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;×2||[[n],2]||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|2x|n|node|2|node_c2}}||''8n''
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;2h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;||[2,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||8
|rowspan=3|[[Cuboid]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;2h&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;×2||[[2],2] = [4,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|4|node|2|node_c2}}||16
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;2h&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; = O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;×6||[3[2,2]] = [4,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c1|2|node_c1}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|4|node|3|node}}||48
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;3v&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2}}||||6
|rowspan=9|[[Hosohedron]]
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;4v&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,4]||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c2}}||||8
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;5v&lt;/sub&gt;|| H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,5]||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c2}}||||10
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;6v&lt;/sub&gt;|| G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,6]||{{CDD|node_c1|6|node_c2}}||||12
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;nv&lt;/sub&gt;|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)||[1,n]||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c2}}||||2''n''
|- align=center
||''C''&lt;sub&gt;''nv''&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = ''C''&lt;sub&gt;2''nv''&lt;/sub&gt;|| ''I''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(''n'')×2||[1,[''n'']] = [1,2n]||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c1}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|2x|n|node}}||4''n''
|- align=center
||''C''&lt;sub&gt;2''v''&lt;/sub&gt;|| ''A''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;||[1,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||||4
|- align=center
||''C''&lt;sub&gt;2''v''&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;|| ''A''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;×2||[1,[2]]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c1}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|4|node}}||8
|- align=center
||''C''&lt;sub&gt;''s''&lt;/sub&gt;|| ''A''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,1]||{{CDD|node_c1|}}||||2
|}

==Representations==
Irreducible representation is used to create a character table for that point group. 

-A value of 1 means that the symmetry does not change its orbital position

-A value of 0 means the operation changes orbital's position

-A value of -1 means the orbital does not change its symmetry but inverts its sign.

Reducible representation is simply a combination of irreducible representations.

==Character Table==
Character tables are designated by these characters which means different operations.

-x,y,x is the transformation of the x,y,z coordinates

-R&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, R&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;, R&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt; is the rotation about the x, y, z axes

-R is any symmetry operation like C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

-X is the character of operation

-i, j is the designation of different representations such as A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; or A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

-h is the total number of symmetry operations in the group (order)

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{BookCat}}
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_group

Miessler, Gary. Inorganic Chemistry. 4th Edition.</text>
      <sha1>ggph6a27wcqtl9x5c4h4n96h998e74a</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641844</id>
      <parentid>4641842</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:15:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Example of how to use the flow chart */</comment>
      <origin>4641844</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26488" sha1="kcq57jnbiy4d1h0xwk0xvz2chp2xuc0" xml:space="preserve">Each molecule has a set of symmetry operations that describes the molecule's overall symmetry. This set of symmetry to classify molecules is known as point group
Group theory is a powerful mathematical tool in determining the symmetry, properties, and data of complex molecules. 
Molecules are said to belong to the same point group if they have the same symmetry response under a set of operations. That is to say, two molecules can have totally different shapes but belong to the same point group as long as the respond the same to some symmetry operations.
A molecule can only belong to one point group. It cannot belong to more than one point group. 

It is important to understand that point groups is a tool for categorizing the different symmetries a molecule might have. This tries to classify molecules based on their molecular shapes and symmetries. There are various symmetry elements used to illuminate the shape of the molecule. The shape and symmetry of a molecule is highly important especially in structural biochemistry because structure determines functions of proteins and molecules. It is also important to note that many molecules are constantly going through conformational change, therefore its point group can also change. Point group is a tool for us to understand on a molecular level, symmetry. &lt;ref name=&quot;Point groups&quot;&gt;[http://www.chem.uky.edu/research/grossman/stereo/pointgroups.HTML Point groups], November 14th, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Coxeter diagram finite rank2 correspondence.png|thumbnail]]

==Types of Point Groups==
Molecules can be separated by the symmetry elements that they contain. The different Symmetry operations can be classified into:
[[File:Ammonia-2D.svg|thumb|Ammonia|upright]]
-'''Rotation operation (C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;):'''  is rotation of 360/n degrees about a rotation axis that renders the object unchanged.. For example, ammonia (NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) contains a threefold rotational axis, which gives it a C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; operation. Objects or molecules can have more than one rotational axis. An example of an object with more than one rotational axis is a snowflake or octahedron. [[File:Snowflake Study (5243837232).jpg|thumb|right|Snowflake|upright]]
 
-'''Reflection operation (σ):'''  is a reflection across the mirror plane where when the object remains unchanged when reflected. There are three different σ's. The first is σ&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;where the mirror plane is parallel to the primary axis of rotation and an outer atom. A σ&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; is a mirror plane that is also parallel to the primary axis of rotation but it does not pass through an outer atom, rather it is between two outer atoms. An exception to this is in T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; and D&lt;sub&gt;nd&lt;/sub&gt;, in which all mirror planes are referred to as σ&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;. The last mirror plane is such that is a horizontal reflection σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; where the plane of reflection is perpendicular to the primary axis of rotation. A primary axis of rotation is the axis with the greatest number of rotational symmetry folds. Objects and molecules can also have more than one plane of reflection.[[File:Sigma v.jpg|thumb|text-bottom|σ&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;]][[File:Sigma d.jpg|thumb|text-bottom|σ&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;]][[File:Sigma h.jpg|thumb|text-bottom|σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;]]

-'''Inversion operation (i):''' is a combination of a C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; rotation and a σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; operation to invert the molecule across a point of inversion, which is usually taken to be the center of the molecule. It is a reflection (or inversion) through the mid-point (center) of the object or molecule.

-'''Improper Rotation (S&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;):''' is the rotation of 360/n, followed by reflection through a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;. An S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; operation is identical to an inversion (both being a 180 degree rotation, followed by a reflection across the perpendicular horizontal axis).

-'''Identity (E):''' is merely a rotation by 360 degrees around an arbitrary axis that returns an equivalent configuration. Every molecule has at least an E operation.
==Examples==
O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; – octahedral point group – contains all symmetry elements and operation of a perfect octahedron.
[[File:Octahedron-2-3D-balls.png|thumb|center|Figure I. Octahedron. ]]

C&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt; : An infinite number of mirror plane parallel to an infinite number of rotation axis.
[[File:Carbon-monoxide-3D-vdW.png|thumb|center| ]]
 

D&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt; : not only has an infinite number of rotation axis and mirror planes but also has a two-fold rotation perpendicular to these infinite number of rotation axis. D&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt; also has an inversion center.

C&lt;sub&gt;3v&lt;/sub&gt;
There is a 3-fold primary rotation axis and 3 mirror planes parallel to that axis.

D&lt;sub&gt;3h&lt;/sub&gt;
Designates that there are 3 two-fold rotational axes perpendicular to a three-fold primary axis and a mirror plane perpendicular to that primary axis.


==How to Work a Point Group Flow Chart==
All molecules have some type of symmetry or lack thereof, and can be grouped into categories (called point groups) where all molecules with the same symmetries have the same point group. To facilitate the determination of a molecule's point group, without having to exhaustively determine every one of its symmetry properties, a point group flow chart can be used. A molecule's point group can be easily determined by finding how many rotational and mirror planes it contains in a logical manner. The less symmetrical an object is, the more difficult symmetry operations are needed to determine its point group, where as the higher symmetries are more easily determined. This allows users to answer simple questions based on the shape of the molecule. If one is able to understand the point group flowchart, there requires no memorization. Therefore point group determination is quite simple, all it requires is knowledge of types of point group and some visualization. &lt;ref name=&quot;point group&quot;&gt;[http://symmetry.otterbein.edu/tutorial/pointgroups.html pointgroup], October 28, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

There are many other point groups such as C&lt;sub&gt;4v&lt;/sub&gt;, C&lt;sub&gt;5v&lt;/sub&gt;, D&lt;sub&gt;4h&lt;/sub&gt;, D&lt;sub&gt;5h&lt;/sub&gt;, etc. Memorizing the definition of all the point-groups is overwhelming. To simplify this, point group of a molecule can be easily found by following a flow chart. First, start with determining if the molecule is linear or not. If it is, then determine if there is an inversion center. If the molecule is not linear, check if there are two or more C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;, where n is greater than two. If yes, then determine if there is an inversion center and if there is a C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; rotation axis. If there are two or more C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;'s, then check if there are C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;'s at all. If so, then check if the C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; with the higher n is perpendicular to nC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;If so, then determine if the molecule has a σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; or σ&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;. If there aren't two or more C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;'s, then check if there is a σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;, nσ&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;, or S&lt;sub&gt;2n&lt;/sub&gt;. These are the cases where there is a C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;, but if there aren't any C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;'s then check if there is a σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; of inversion center. If this is done correctly, the arrival at the end of a chain will be the point group for the observed molecule.&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

[[File:Flow chart.png|center|Point Group Flow Chart]]

==Example of how to use the flow chart==
[[File:Water molecule like Micky mouse.png|thumb|center|Water molecule]]
Above is a figure of water molecule. Following the flow chart:
1.	The molecule is not linear
2.	The molecule does not have more than 2 axis of rotation other than the primary axis
3.	The molecule has a proper C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; primary rotation
4.	But the molecule does not have 2 other proper rotation axis perpendicular to the primary rotation axis
5.	The molecule does not have a mirror plane perpendicular to the primary axis
6.	The molecule has two mirror plane parallel to the primary axis
7.	Thus, water molecule belongs to C&lt;sub&gt;2v&lt;/sub&gt; point group

[[File:BF5.png|thumb|center|BF&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; molecule]]
Above is a figure of BF&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; molecule. Following the point group flow chart:
1.	The molecule is not linear
2.	The molecule does not have more than 2 rotation axis other than the primary rotational axis
3.	The molecule has a 4-fold proper rotational axis
4.	The molecule does not have 4 C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; axis that is perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
5.	The molecule does not have a mirror plane that is perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
6.	The molecule has 4 mirror planes that are perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
7.	The molecule hence belongs to C&lt;sub&gt;4v&lt;/sub&gt; point group

[[File:Cyclopropane molecular orbital.png|thumb|center|Cyclopropane]]
Above is a figure of a cyclopropane molecule. Following the point group flow chart:
1.	The molecule is not linear
2.	The molecule does not have more than 2 rotation axis other than the primary rotational axis
3.	The molecule has a proper 3-fold rotational axis
4.	The molecule has 3 perpendicular C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; axis 
5.	The molecule has a mirror plane perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
6.	The molecule hence belongs to D&lt;sub&gt;3h&lt;/sub&gt; point group

[[File:Cyclopropane molecular orbital.png|thumb|center|Octachloride osmium]]
Above is a molecule octachloride osmium with an eclipse conformation. Following the flow chart
1.	The molecule is not linear
2.	The molecule does not have more than 2 rotation axis other than the primary rotational axis
3.	The molecule has a C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; proper rotational axis
4.	The molecule has 4 C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; proper rotational axis that is perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
5.	The molecule does not have a mirror plane that is perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
6.	The molecule has 4 mirror planes that are parallel to the primary rotational axis
7.	The molecule hence belongs to D&lt;sub&gt;4d&lt;/sub&gt; point group


==High Symmetry Point Groups==
Molecules of high symmetry are of certain geometric shapes like Linear, Octahedral (O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;), Tetrahedral (T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;), and Icosahedral (Ih) shapes. Although there are some variations in these symmetries, they are often rare in nature.

-'''C&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt;''' are linear molecules with an infinite number of rotations along the primary rotation axis, and an infinite number of reflection planes containing the rotation axis. They have no center of inversion, and are usually two atom molecules.

-'''D&lt;sub&gt;∞h&lt;/sub&gt;''' are also linear molecules with an infinite number of rotations along the primary axis and an infinite number of reflection planes containing the rotation axis. The three main difference from a C&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt; are that a C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; axes and a reflection plane exist perpendicular to the primary axis of rotation, and an inversion center.

-'''T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;''' molecules have a tetrahedral geometry (but don't always have the shape of a tetrahedral). They have 4 C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; axes, 3 C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; axes, 3 S&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; axes, and 6 mirror planes. However, they lack C4 axes.

-'''O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;''' molecules are most commonly those with octahedral structure. They typically have 4 C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rotations, 3 C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; rotations, and an inversion center

-'''I&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;''' molecules are identified by their C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; axes, along with its inversion center.

==Low Symmetry Point Groups==
C&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; is a molecule with no symmetry other than the identity operation, E.
C&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt; is a molecule with only a mirror plane and the identity operation, E.
C&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; contains only an inversion center and the identity operation, E.

==Examples of Specific Point Groups==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Group
! [[Hermann&amp;ndash;Mauguin notation|Intl]]
![[Orbifold]]
![[Coxeter notation|Coxeter]]
! Order
! Description
|-
| ''C''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;
| ''n''
| nn
| [''n'']&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| ''n''
| Cyclic: ''n''-fold rotations. Abstract group Z&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;, the group of integers under addition modulo ''n''.
|-
| D&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;
| ''n''m
| *nn
| [n]
| 2''n''
| Dihedral: cyclic with reflections. Abstract group Dih&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;, the [[dihedral group]].
|}
[[File:Coxeter_diagram_finite_rank2_correspondence.png|thumb|Finite isomorphism and correspondences]]
The subset of pure reflectional point groups, defined by 1 or 2 mirrors, can also be given by their [[Coxeter group]] and related polygons. These include 5 crystallographic groups. The symmetry of the reflectional groups can be doubled by an [[isomorphism]], mapping both mirrors onto each other by a bisecting mirror, doubling the symmetry order.
{| class=wikitable
!colspan=5|Reflective
!colspan=3|Rotational
!rowspan=2|Related polygons
|-
!Group
!colspan=2|[[Coxeter group]]
!colspan=2|[[Coxeter&amp;ndash;Dynkin diagram|Coxeter diagram]]
!Order
!Subgroup
!Coxeter
!Order
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''1''&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[&amp;nbsp;]||{{CDD|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1}}||2||C&lt;sub&gt;''1''&lt;/sub&gt;||[]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||1
|[[Digon]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''2''&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;||[2]||{{CDD|node|2|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||4||C&lt;sub&gt;''2''&lt;/sub&gt;||[2]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||2
|[[Rectangle]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''3''&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[3]||{{CDD|node|3|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2}}||6||C&lt;sub&gt;''3''&lt;/sub&gt;||[3]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||3
|[[Equilateral triangle]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''4''&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[4]||{{CDD|node|4|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c2}}||8||C&lt;sub&gt;''4''&lt;/sub&gt;||[4]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||4
|[[Square (geometry)|Square]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''5''&lt;/sub&gt;|| H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[5]||{{CDD|node|5|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c2}}||10||C&lt;sub&gt;''5''&lt;/sub&gt;||[5]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||5
|[[Regular pentagon]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''6''&lt;/sub&gt;|| G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[6]||{{CDD|node|6|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|6|node_c2}}||12||C&lt;sub&gt;''6''&lt;/sub&gt;||[6]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||6
|[[Regular hexagon]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)||[n]||{{CDD|node|n|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c2}}||''2n''||C&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;||[n]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||n
|[[Regular polygon]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''2''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;2]] = [4]||{{CDD|node|2|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|4|node}}||8
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''3''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;3]] = [6]||{{CDD|node|3|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|6|node}}||12
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''4''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;4]] = [8]||{{CDD|node|4|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|8|node}}||16
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''5''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;5]] = [10]||{{CDD|node|5|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|10|node}}||20
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''6''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;6]] = [12]||{{CDD|node|6|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|6|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|12|node}}||24
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;n]] = [2n]||{{CDD|node|n|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|2x|n|node}}||4''n''
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|- valign=top
|
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! [[Hermann&amp;ndash;Mauguin notation|Intl]]&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;
! Geo&lt;BR&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Crystallographic Space groups in Geometric algebra'', [[David Hestenes|D. Hestenes]] and J. Holt, Journal of Mathematical Physics. 48, 023514 (2007) (22 pages) [[PDF]] [http://geocalc.clas.asu.edu/pdf/CrystalGA.pdf]&lt;/ref&gt;
! [[Orbifold notation|Orbifold]]
! [[Schönflies notation|Schönflies]]
! [[John Horton Conway|Conway]]
! [[Coxeter notation|Coxeter]]
! Order
|-  align=center
| 1
| {{overline|1}}
| 1
| C&lt;SUB&gt;1&lt;/SUB&gt;
| C&lt;SUB&gt;1&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [&amp;nbsp;]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 1
|-  align=center
| {{overline|1}}
| {{overline|22}}
| &amp;times;1
| C&lt;SUB&gt;i&lt;/SUB&gt; = S&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;
| CC&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]
| 2
|-  align=center
| {{overline|2}} = m
| 1
| *1
| C&lt;SUB&gt;s&lt;/SUB&gt; = C&lt;SUB&gt;1v&lt;/SUB&gt; = C&lt;SUB&gt;1h&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±C&lt;SUB&gt;1&lt;/SUB&gt; = CD&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [&amp;nbsp;]
| 2
|-  align=center valign=top
| 2&lt;BR&gt;3&lt;BR&gt;4&lt;BR&gt;5&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;n
| {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|3}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|4}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|5}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|n}}
| 22&lt;BR&gt;33&lt;BR&gt;44&lt;BR&gt;55&lt;BR&gt;66&lt;BR&gt;nn
| C&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;5&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| C&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;5&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[3]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[4]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[5]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[6]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[n]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;
| 2&lt;BR&gt;3&lt;BR&gt;4&lt;BR&gt;5&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;''n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| 2mm&lt;BR&gt;3m&lt;BR&gt;4mm&lt;BR&gt;5m&lt;BR&gt;6mm&lt;br&gt;nmm&lt;br&gt;nm
| 2&lt;BR&gt;3&lt;BR&gt;4&lt;BR&gt;5&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;n
| *22&lt;BR&gt;*33&lt;BR&gt;*44&lt;BR&gt;*55&lt;BR&gt;*66&lt;BR&gt;*nn
| C&lt;SUB&gt;2v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;3v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;4v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;5v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;6v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;nv&lt;/SUB&gt;
| CD&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2]&lt;BR&gt;[3]&lt;BR&gt;[4]&lt;BR&gt;[5]&lt;BR&gt;[6]&lt;BR&gt;[n]
| 4&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;8&lt;BR&gt;10&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;''2n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| 2/m&lt;BR&gt;3/m&lt;BR&gt;4/m&lt;BR&gt;5/m&lt;BR&gt;6/m&lt;BR&gt;n/m
| {{overline|2}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|3}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|4}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|5}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|n}} 2
| 2*&lt;BR&gt;3*&lt;BR&gt;4*&lt;BR&gt;5*&lt;BR&gt;6*&lt;BR&gt;n*
| C&lt;SUB&gt;2h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;3h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;4h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;5h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;6h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;nh&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±C&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt; / CC&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2,2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,5&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,6&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,n&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]
| 4&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;8&lt;BR&gt;10&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;''2n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| {{overline|4}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|3}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|8}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|5}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|12}}&lt;br&gt;{{overline|2n}}&lt;br&gt;{{overline|n}}
| {{overline|4 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|8 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|10 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|12 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|2n 2}}
| 2&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;3&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;4&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;5&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;6&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;n&amp;times;
| S&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| CC&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;5&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt; / ±C&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,6&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,10&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,12&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,2n&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]
| 4&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;8&lt;BR&gt;10&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;''2n''
|}
|
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! [[Hermann&amp;ndash;Mauguin notation|Intl]]
! Geo
! [[Orbifold notation|Orbifold]]
! [[Schönflies notation|Schönflies]]
! [[John Horton Conway|Conway]]
! [[Coxeter notation|Coxeter]]
! Order
|- align=center valign=top
| 222&lt;BR&gt;32&lt;BR&gt;422&lt;BR&gt;52&lt;BR&gt;622&lt;br&gt;n22&lt;br&gt;n2
| {{overline|2}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|3}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|4}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|5}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|n}} {{overline|2}}
| 222&lt;BR&gt;223&lt;BR&gt;224&lt;BR&gt;225&lt;BR&gt;226&lt;BR&gt;22n
| D&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;5&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| D&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2,2]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,3]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,4]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,5]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,6]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,n]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 4&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;8&lt;BR&gt;10&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;2''n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| mmm&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6}}m2&lt;BR&gt;4/mmm&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|10}}m2&lt;BR&gt;6/mmm&lt;br&gt;n/mmm&lt;br&gt;{{overline|2n}}m2
| 2 2&lt;BR&gt;3 2&lt;BR&gt;4 2&lt;BR&gt;5 2&lt;BR&gt;6 2&lt;BR&gt;n 2
| *222&lt;BR&gt;*223&lt;BR&gt;*224&lt;BR&gt;*225&lt;BR&gt;*226&lt;BR&gt;*22n
| D&lt;SUB&gt;2h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;3h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;4h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;5h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;6h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;nh&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±D&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;20&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt; / DD&lt;SUB&gt;4n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2,2]&lt;BR&gt;[2,3]&lt;BR&gt;[2,4]&lt;BR&gt;[2,5]&lt;BR&gt;[2,6]&lt;BR&gt;[2,n]
| 8&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;16&lt;BR&gt;20&lt;BR&gt;24&lt;BR&gt;''4n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| {{Overline|4}}2m&lt;BR&gt;{{Overline|3}}m&lt;BR&gt;{{Overline|8}}2m&lt;BR&gt;{{Overline|5}}m&lt;BR&gt;{{Overline|12}}2m&lt;br&gt;{{Overline|2n}}2m&lt;br&gt;{{Overline|n}}m
| 4 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;6 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;8 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;10 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;12 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;n {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;
| 2*2&lt;BR&gt;2*3&lt;BR&gt;2*4&lt;BR&gt;2*5&lt;BR&gt;2*6&lt;BR&gt;2*n
| D&lt;SUB&gt;2d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;3d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;4d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;5d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;6d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;nd&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±D&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;16&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;24&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;4n&lt;/SUB&gt; / ±D&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,4]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,6]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,8]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,10]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,12]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,2n]
| 8&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;16&lt;BR&gt;20&lt;BR&gt;24&lt;BR&gt;''4n''
|-  align=center
| 23
| {{overline|3}} {{overline|3}}
| 332
| T
| T
| [3,3]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 12
|-  align=center
| m{{overline|3}}
| 4 {{overline|3}}
| 3*2
| T&lt;SUB&gt;h&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±T
| [3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,4]
| 24
|-  align=center
| {{overline|4}}3m
| 3 3
| *332
| T&lt;SUB&gt;d&lt;/SUB&gt;
| TO
| [3,3]
| 24
|-  align=center
| 432
| {{overline|4}} {{overline|3}}
| 432
| O
| O
| [3,4]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 24
|-  align=center
| m{{overline|3}}m
| 4 3
| *432
| O&lt;SUB&gt;h&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±O
| [3,4]
| 48
|-  align=center
| 532
| {{overline|5}} {{overline|3}}
| 532
| I
| I
| [3,5]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 60
|- align=center
| {{overline|5}}{{overline|3}}m
| 5 3
| *532
| I&lt;SUB&gt;h&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±I
| [3,5]
| 120
|}
|-
|colspan=2|(*) When the Intl entries are duplicated, the first is for even ''n'', the second for odd ''n''.
|}

=== Reflective subset groups ===
[[File:Coxeter_diagram_finite_rank3_correspondence.png|thumb|Finite isomorphism and correspondences]]
The subset of pure reflectional point groups, defined by 1 to 3 mirror planes, can also be given by their [[Coxeter group]] and related polyhedra. The [3,3] group can be doubled, written as &lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;3,3]], mapping the first and last mirrors onto each other, doubling the symmetry to 48, and isomorphic to the [4,3] group.
{| class=wikitable
![[Schönflies notation|Schönflies]]
!colspan=2|[[Coxeter group]]
!colspan=2|[[Coxeter&amp;ndash;Dynkin diagram|Coxeter diagram]]
!Order
!Related regular and prismatic polyhedra
|- align=center
||T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;||[3,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2|3|node_c3}}||||24||[[Tetrahedron]]
|- align=center
||T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;×2 = BC&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;3,3]] = [4,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2|3|node_c1}}||= {{CDD|node|4|node_c1|3|node_c2}}||48||[[Stellated octahedron]]
|- align=center
||O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;||[4,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c2|3|node_c3}}||||48||[[Cube]], [[octahedron]]
|- align=center
||I&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;||H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;||[5,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c2|3|node_c3}}||||120||[[Icosahedron]], [[dodecahedron]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;3h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[3,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||12||[[Triangular prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;3h&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = D&lt;sub&gt;6h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;×2||[[3],2]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|6|node|2|node_c2}}||24||[[Hexagonal prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;4h&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[4,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||16||[[Square prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;4h&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = D&lt;sub&gt;8h&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;×2||[[4],2] = [8,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|8|node|2|node_c2}}||32||[[Octagonal prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;5h&lt;/sub&gt;|| H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[5,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||20||[[Pentagonal prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;6h&lt;/sub&gt;|| G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[6,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|6|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||24||[[Hexagonal prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;nh&lt;/sub&gt;|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[n,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||''4n''||''n''-gonal [[Prism (geometry)|prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;nh&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = D&lt;sub&gt;2nh&lt;/sub&gt;|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;×2||[[n],2]||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|2x|n|node|2|node_c2}}||''8n''
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;2h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;||[2,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||8
|rowspan=3|[[Cuboid]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;2h&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;×2||[[2],2] = [4,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|4|node|2|node_c2}}||16
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;2h&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; = O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;×6||[3[2,2]] = [4,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c1|2|node_c1}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|4|node|3|node}}||48
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;3v&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2}}||||6
|rowspan=9|[[Hosohedron]]
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;4v&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,4]||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c2}}||||8
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;5v&lt;/sub&gt;|| H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,5]||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c2}}||||10
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;6v&lt;/sub&gt;|| G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,6]||{{CDD|node_c1|6|node_c2}}||||12
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;nv&lt;/sub&gt;|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)||[1,n]||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c2}}||||2''n''
|- align=center
||''C''&lt;sub&gt;''nv''&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = ''C''&lt;sub&gt;2''nv''&lt;/sub&gt;|| ''I''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(''n'')×2||[1,[''n'']] = [1,2n]||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c1}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|2x|n|node}}||4''n''
|- align=center
||''C''&lt;sub&gt;2''v''&lt;/sub&gt;|| ''A''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;||[1,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||||4
|- align=center
||''C''&lt;sub&gt;2''v''&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;|| ''A''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;×2||[1,[2]]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c1}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|4|node}}||8
|- align=center
||''C''&lt;sub&gt;''s''&lt;/sub&gt;|| ''A''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,1]||{{CDD|node_c1|}}||||2
|}

==Representations==
Irreducible representation is used to create a character table for that point group. 

-A value of 1 means that the symmetry does not change its orbital position

-A value of 0 means the operation changes orbital's position

-A value of -1 means the orbital does not change its symmetry but inverts its sign.

Reducible representation is simply a combination of irreducible representations.

==Character Table==
Character tables are designated by these characters which means different operations.

-x,y,x is the transformation of the x,y,z coordinates

-R&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, R&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;, R&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt; is the rotation about the x, y, z axes

-R is any symmetry operation like C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

-X is the character of operation

-i, j is the designation of different representations such as A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; or A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

-h is the total number of symmetry operations in the group (order)

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{BookCat}}
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_group

Miessler, Gary. Inorganic Chemistry. 4th Edition.</text>
      <sha1>kcq57jnbiy4d1h0xwk0xvz2chp2xuc0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641887</id>
      <parentid>4641844</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T15:10:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Examples of Specific Point Groups */</comment>
      <origin>4641887</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26435" sha1="qsg3yq4v7vl8ow0z04h6eivtgmuawul" xml:space="preserve">Each molecule has a set of symmetry operations that describes the molecule's overall symmetry. This set of symmetry to classify molecules is known as point group
Group theory is a powerful mathematical tool in determining the symmetry, properties, and data of complex molecules. 
Molecules are said to belong to the same point group if they have the same symmetry response under a set of operations. That is to say, two molecules can have totally different shapes but belong to the same point group as long as the respond the same to some symmetry operations.
A molecule can only belong to one point group. It cannot belong to more than one point group. 

It is important to understand that point groups is a tool for categorizing the different symmetries a molecule might have. This tries to classify molecules based on their molecular shapes and symmetries. There are various symmetry elements used to illuminate the shape of the molecule. The shape and symmetry of a molecule is highly important especially in structural biochemistry because structure determines functions of proteins and molecules. It is also important to note that many molecules are constantly going through conformational change, therefore its point group can also change. Point group is a tool for us to understand on a molecular level, symmetry. &lt;ref name=&quot;Point groups&quot;&gt;[http://www.chem.uky.edu/research/grossman/stereo/pointgroups.HTML Point groups], November 14th, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Coxeter diagram finite rank2 correspondence.png|thumbnail]]

==Types of Point Groups==
Molecules can be separated by the symmetry elements that they contain. The different Symmetry operations can be classified into:
[[File:Ammonia-2D.svg|thumb|Ammonia|upright]]
-'''Rotation operation (C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;):'''  is rotation of 360/n degrees about a rotation axis that renders the object unchanged.. For example, ammonia (NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;) contains a threefold rotational axis, which gives it a C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; operation. Objects or molecules can have more than one rotational axis. An example of an object with more than one rotational axis is a snowflake or octahedron. [[File:Snowflake Study (5243837232).jpg|thumb|right|Snowflake|upright]]
 
-'''Reflection operation (σ):'''  is a reflection across the mirror plane where when the object remains unchanged when reflected. There are three different σ's. The first is σ&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;where the mirror plane is parallel to the primary axis of rotation and an outer atom. A σ&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; is a mirror plane that is also parallel to the primary axis of rotation but it does not pass through an outer atom, rather it is between two outer atoms. An exception to this is in T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt; and D&lt;sub&gt;nd&lt;/sub&gt;, in which all mirror planes are referred to as σ&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;. The last mirror plane is such that is a horizontal reflection σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; where the plane of reflection is perpendicular to the primary axis of rotation. A primary axis of rotation is the axis with the greatest number of rotational symmetry folds. Objects and molecules can also have more than one plane of reflection.[[File:Sigma v.jpg|thumb|text-bottom|σ&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;]][[File:Sigma d.jpg|thumb|text-bottom|σ&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;]][[File:Sigma h.jpg|thumb|text-bottom|σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;]]

-'''Inversion operation (i):''' is a combination of a C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; rotation and a σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; operation to invert the molecule across a point of inversion, which is usually taken to be the center of the molecule. It is a reflection (or inversion) through the mid-point (center) of the object or molecule.

-'''Improper Rotation (S&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;):''' is the rotation of 360/n, followed by reflection through a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation, σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;. An S&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; operation is identical to an inversion (both being a 180 degree rotation, followed by a reflection across the perpendicular horizontal axis).

-'''Identity (E):''' is merely a rotation by 360 degrees around an arbitrary axis that returns an equivalent configuration. Every molecule has at least an E operation.
==Examples==
O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; – octahedral point group – contains all symmetry elements and operation of a perfect octahedron.
[[File:Octahedron-2-3D-balls.png|thumb|center|Figure I. Octahedron. ]]

C&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt; : An infinite number of mirror plane parallel to an infinite number of rotation axis.
[[File:Carbon-monoxide-3D-vdW.png|thumb|center| ]]
 

D&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt; : not only has an infinite number of rotation axis and mirror planes but also has a two-fold rotation perpendicular to these infinite number of rotation axis. D&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt; also has an inversion center.

C&lt;sub&gt;3v&lt;/sub&gt;
There is a 3-fold primary rotation axis and 3 mirror planes parallel to that axis.

D&lt;sub&gt;3h&lt;/sub&gt;
Designates that there are 3 two-fold rotational axes perpendicular to a three-fold primary axis and a mirror plane perpendicular to that primary axis.


==How to Work a Point Group Flow Chart==
All molecules have some type of symmetry or lack thereof, and can be grouped into categories (called point groups) where all molecules with the same symmetries have the same point group. To facilitate the determination of a molecule's point group, without having to exhaustively determine every one of its symmetry properties, a point group flow chart can be used. A molecule's point group can be easily determined by finding how many rotational and mirror planes it contains in a logical manner. The less symmetrical an object is, the more difficult symmetry operations are needed to determine its point group, where as the higher symmetries are more easily determined. This allows users to answer simple questions based on the shape of the molecule. If one is able to understand the point group flowchart, there requires no memorization. Therefore point group determination is quite simple, all it requires is knowledge of types of point group and some visualization. &lt;ref name=&quot;point group&quot;&gt;[http://symmetry.otterbein.edu/tutorial/pointgroups.html pointgroup], October 28, 2012&lt;/ref&gt;

There are many other point groups such as C&lt;sub&gt;4v&lt;/sub&gt;, C&lt;sub&gt;5v&lt;/sub&gt;, D&lt;sub&gt;4h&lt;/sub&gt;, D&lt;sub&gt;5h&lt;/sub&gt;, etc. Memorizing the definition of all the point-groups is overwhelming. To simplify this, point group of a molecule can be easily found by following a flow chart. First, start with determining if the molecule is linear or not. If it is, then determine if there is an inversion center. If the molecule is not linear, check if there are two or more C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;, where n is greater than two. If yes, then determine if there is an inversion center and if there is a C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; rotation axis. If there are two or more C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;'s, then check if there are C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;'s at all. If so, then check if the C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; with the higher n is perpendicular to nC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. &lt;big&gt;&lt;big&gt;If so, then determine if the molecule has a σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; or σ&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;. If there aren't two or more C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;'s, then check if there is a σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;, nσ&lt;sub&gt;v&lt;/sub&gt;, or S&lt;sub&gt;2n&lt;/sub&gt;. These are the cases where there is a C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;, but if there aren't any C&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;'s then check if there is a σ&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt; of inversion center. If this is done correctly, the arrival at the end of a chain will be the point group for the observed molecule.&lt;/big&gt;&lt;/big&gt;

[[File:Flow chart.png|center|Point Group Flow Chart]]

==Example of how to use the flow chart==
[[File:Water molecule like Micky mouse.png|thumb|center|Water molecule]]
Above is a figure of water molecule. Following the flow chart:
1.	The molecule is not linear
2.	The molecule does not have more than 2 axis of rotation other than the primary axis
3.	The molecule has a proper C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; primary rotation
4.	But the molecule does not have 2 other proper rotation axis perpendicular to the primary rotation axis
5.	The molecule does not have a mirror plane perpendicular to the primary axis
6.	The molecule has two mirror plane parallel to the primary axis
7.	Thus, water molecule belongs to C&lt;sub&gt;2v&lt;/sub&gt; point group

[[File:BF5.png|thumb|center|BF&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; molecule]]
Above is a figure of BF&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; molecule. Following the point group flow chart:
1.	The molecule is not linear
2.	The molecule does not have more than 2 rotation axis other than the primary rotational axis
3.	The molecule has a 4-fold proper rotational axis
4.	The molecule does not have 4 C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; axis that is perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
5.	The molecule does not have a mirror plane that is perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
6.	The molecule has 4 mirror planes that are perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
7.	The molecule hence belongs to C&lt;sub&gt;4v&lt;/sub&gt; point group

[[File:Cyclopropane molecular orbital.png|thumb|center|Cyclopropane]]
Above is a figure of a cyclopropane molecule. Following the point group flow chart:
1.	The molecule is not linear
2.	The molecule does not have more than 2 rotation axis other than the primary rotational axis
3.	The molecule has a proper 3-fold rotational axis
4.	The molecule has 3 perpendicular C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; axis 
5.	The molecule has a mirror plane perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
6.	The molecule hence belongs to D&lt;sub&gt;3h&lt;/sub&gt; point group

[[File:Cyclopropane molecular orbital.png|thumb|center|Octachloride osmium]]
Above is a molecule octachloride osmium with an eclipse conformation. Following the flow chart
1.	The molecule is not linear
2.	The molecule does not have more than 2 rotation axis other than the primary rotational axis
3.	The molecule has a C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; proper rotational axis
4.	The molecule has 4 C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; proper rotational axis that is perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
5.	The molecule does not have a mirror plane that is perpendicular to the primary rotational axis
6.	The molecule has 4 mirror planes that are parallel to the primary rotational axis
7.	The molecule hence belongs to D&lt;sub&gt;4d&lt;/sub&gt; point group


==High Symmetry Point Groups==
Molecules of high symmetry are of certain geometric shapes like Linear, Octahedral (O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;), Tetrahedral (T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;), and Icosahedral (Ih) shapes. Although there are some variations in these symmetries, they are often rare in nature.

-'''C&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt;''' are linear molecules with an infinite number of rotations along the primary rotation axis, and an infinite number of reflection planes containing the rotation axis. They have no center of inversion, and are usually two atom molecules.

-'''D&lt;sub&gt;∞h&lt;/sub&gt;''' are also linear molecules with an infinite number of rotations along the primary axis and an infinite number of reflection planes containing the rotation axis. The three main difference from a C&lt;sub&gt;∞v&lt;/sub&gt; are that a C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; axes and a reflection plane exist perpendicular to the primary axis of rotation, and an inversion center.

-'''T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;''' molecules have a tetrahedral geometry (but don't always have the shape of a tetrahedral). They have 4 C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; axes, 3 C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; axes, 3 S&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; axes, and 6 mirror planes. However, they lack C4 axes.

-'''O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;''' molecules are most commonly those with octahedral structure. They typically have 4 C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; rotations, 3 C&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; rotations, and an inversion center

-'''I&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;''' molecules are identified by their C&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and C&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt; axes, along with its inversion center.

==Low Symmetry Point Groups==
C&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; is a molecule with no symmetry other than the identity operation, E.
C&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt; is a molecule with only a mirror plane and the identity operation, E.
C&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt; contains only an inversion center and the identity operation, E.

==Examples of Specific Point Groups==
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Group
! [[Hermann&amp;ndash;Mauguin notation|Intl]]
![[Orbifold]]
![[Coxeter notation|Coxeter]]
! Order
! Description
|-
| ''C''&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;
| ''n''
| nn
| [''n'']&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| ''n''
| Cyclic: ''n''-fold rotations. Abstract group Z&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;, the group of integers under addition modulo ''n''.
|-
| D&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;
| ''n''m
| *nn
| [n]
| 2''n''
| Dihedral: cyclic with reflections. Abstract group Dih&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;, the [[dihedral group]].
|}
[[File:Coxeter_diagram_finite_rank2_correspondence.png|thumb|Finite isomorphism and correspondences]]
The subset of pure reflectional point groups, defined by 1 or 2 mirrors, can also be given by their [[Coxeter group]] and related polygons. These include 5 crystallographic groups. The symmetry of the reflectional groups can be doubled by an [[isomorphism]], mapping both mirrors onto each other by a bisecting mirror, doubling the symmetry order.
{| class=wikitable
!colspan=5|Reflective
!colspan=3|Rotational
!rowspan=2|Related polygons
|-
!Group
!colspan=2|[[Coxeter group]]
!colspan=2|[[Coxeter&amp;ndash;Dynkin diagram|Coxeter diagram]]
!Order
!Subgroup
!Coxeter
!Order
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''1''&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[&amp;nbsp;]||{{CDD|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1}}||2||C&lt;sub&gt;''1''&lt;/sub&gt;||[]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||1
|[[Digon]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''2''&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;||[2]||{{CDD|node|2|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||4||C&lt;sub&gt;''2''&lt;/sub&gt;||[2]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||2
|[[Rectangle]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''3''&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[3]||{{CDD|node|3|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2}}||6||C&lt;sub&gt;''3''&lt;/sub&gt;||[3]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||3
|[[Equilateral triangle]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''4''&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[4]||{{CDD|node|4|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c2}}||8||C&lt;sub&gt;''4''&lt;/sub&gt;||[4]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||4
|[[Square (geometry)|Square]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''5''&lt;/sub&gt;|| H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[5]||{{CDD|node|5|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c2}}||10||C&lt;sub&gt;''5''&lt;/sub&gt;||[5]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||5
|[[Regular pentagon]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''6''&lt;/sub&gt;|| G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[6]||{{CDD|node|6|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|6|node_c2}}||12||C&lt;sub&gt;''6''&lt;/sub&gt;||[6]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||6
|[[Regular hexagon]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)||[n]||{{CDD|node|n|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c2}}||''2n''||C&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;||[n]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;||n
|[[Regular polygon]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''2''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;2]] = [4]||{{CDD|node|2|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|4|node}}||8
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''3''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;3]] = [6]||{{CDD|node|3|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|6|node}}||12
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''4''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;4]] = [8]||{{CDD|node|4|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|8|node}}||16
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''5''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;5]] = [10]||{{CDD|node|5|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|10|node}}||20
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''6''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;6]] = [12]||{{CDD|node|6|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|6|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|12|node}}||24
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;''n''&lt;/sub&gt;×2|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)×2||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;n]] = [2n]||{{CDD|node|n|node}}||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c1}} = {{CDD|node_c1|2x|n|node}}||4''n''
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! [[Hermann&amp;ndash;Mauguin notation|Intl]]&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;
! Geo&lt;BR&gt;&lt;ref&gt;''The Crystallographic Space groups in Geometric algebra'', [[David Hestenes|D. Hestenes]] and J. Holt, Journal of Mathematical Physics. 48, 023514 (2007) (22 pages) [[PDF]] [http://geocalc.clas.asu.edu/pdf/CrystalGA.pdf]&lt;/ref&gt;
! [[Orbifold notation|Orbifold]]
! [[Schönflies notation|Schönflies]]
! [[John Horton Conway|Conway]]
! [[Coxeter notation|Coxeter]]
! Order
|-  align=center
| 1
| {{overline|1}}
| 1
| C&lt;SUB&gt;1&lt;/SUB&gt;
| C&lt;SUB&gt;1&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [&amp;nbsp;]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 1
|-  align=center
| {{overline|1}}
| {{overline|22}}
| &amp;times;1
| C&lt;SUB&gt;i&lt;/SUB&gt; = S&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;
| CC&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]
| 2
|-  align=center
| {{overline|2}} = m
| 1
| *1
| C&lt;SUB&gt;s&lt;/SUB&gt; = C&lt;SUB&gt;1v&lt;/SUB&gt; = C&lt;SUB&gt;1h&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±C&lt;SUB&gt;1&lt;/SUB&gt; = CD&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [&amp;nbsp;]
| 2
|-  align=center valign=top
| 2&lt;BR&gt;3&lt;BR&gt;4&lt;BR&gt;5&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;n
| {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|3}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|4}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|5}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|n}}
| 22&lt;BR&gt;33&lt;BR&gt;44&lt;BR&gt;55&lt;BR&gt;66&lt;BR&gt;nn
| C&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;5&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| C&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;5&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[3]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[4]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[5]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[6]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[n]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;
| 2&lt;BR&gt;3&lt;BR&gt;4&lt;BR&gt;5&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;''n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| 2mm&lt;BR&gt;3m&lt;BR&gt;4mm&lt;BR&gt;5m&lt;BR&gt;6mm&lt;br&gt;nmm&lt;br&gt;nm
| 2&lt;BR&gt;3&lt;BR&gt;4&lt;BR&gt;5&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;n
| *22&lt;BR&gt;*33&lt;BR&gt;*44&lt;BR&gt;*55&lt;BR&gt;*66&lt;BR&gt;*nn
| C&lt;SUB&gt;2v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;3v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;4v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;5v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;6v&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;nv&lt;/SUB&gt;
| CD&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CD&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2]&lt;BR&gt;[3]&lt;BR&gt;[4]&lt;BR&gt;[5]&lt;BR&gt;[6]&lt;BR&gt;[n]
| 4&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;8&lt;BR&gt;10&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;''2n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| 2/m&lt;BR&gt;3/m&lt;BR&gt;4/m&lt;BR&gt;5/m&lt;BR&gt;6/m&lt;BR&gt;n/m
| {{overline|2}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|3}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|4}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|5}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6}} 2&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|n}} 2
| 2*&lt;BR&gt;3*&lt;BR&gt;4*&lt;BR&gt;5*&lt;BR&gt;6*&lt;BR&gt;n*
| C&lt;SUB&gt;2h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;3h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;4h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;5h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;6h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;C&lt;SUB&gt;nh&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±C&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt; / CC&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2,2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,5&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,6&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2,n&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]
| 4&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;8&lt;BR&gt;10&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;''2n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| {{overline|4}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|3}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|8}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|5}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|12}}&lt;br&gt;{{overline|2n}}&lt;br&gt;{{overline|n}}
| {{overline|4 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|8 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|10 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|12 2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|2n 2}}
| 2&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;3&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;4&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;5&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;6&amp;times;&lt;BR&gt;n&amp;times;
| S&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;S&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| CC&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±C&lt;SUB&gt;5&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;CC&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt; / ±C&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,6&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,10&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,12&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,2n&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;]
| 4&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;8&lt;BR&gt;10&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;''2n''
|}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! [[Hermann&amp;ndash;Mauguin notation|Intl]]
! Geo
! [[Orbifold notation|Orbifold]]
! [[Schönflies notation|Schönflies]]
! [[John Horton Conway|Conway]]
! [[Coxeter notation|Coxeter]]
! Order
|- align=center valign=top
| 222&lt;BR&gt;32&lt;BR&gt;422&lt;BR&gt;52&lt;BR&gt;622&lt;br&gt;n22&lt;br&gt;n2
| {{overline|2}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|3}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|4}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|5}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6}} {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|n}} {{overline|2}}
| 222&lt;BR&gt;223&lt;BR&gt;224&lt;BR&gt;225&lt;BR&gt;226&lt;BR&gt;22n
| D&lt;SUB&gt;2&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;3&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;5&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| D&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2,2]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,3]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,4]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,5]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,6]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;BR&gt;[2,n]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 4&lt;BR&gt;6&lt;BR&gt;8&lt;BR&gt;10&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;2''n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| mmm&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|6}}m2&lt;BR&gt;4/mmm&lt;BR&gt;{{overline|10}}m2&lt;BR&gt;6/mmm&lt;br&gt;n/mmm&lt;br&gt;{{overline|2n}}m2
| 2 2&lt;BR&gt;3 2&lt;BR&gt;4 2&lt;BR&gt;5 2&lt;BR&gt;6 2&lt;BR&gt;n 2
| *222&lt;BR&gt;*223&lt;BR&gt;*224&lt;BR&gt;*225&lt;BR&gt;*226&lt;BR&gt;*22n
| D&lt;SUB&gt;2h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;3h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;4h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;5h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;6h&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;nh&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±D&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;8&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;20&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt; / DD&lt;SUB&gt;4n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2,2]&lt;BR&gt;[2,3]&lt;BR&gt;[2,4]&lt;BR&gt;[2,5]&lt;BR&gt;[2,6]&lt;BR&gt;[2,n]
| 8&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;16&lt;BR&gt;20&lt;BR&gt;24&lt;BR&gt;''4n''
|-  align=center valign=top
| {{Overline|4}}2m&lt;BR&gt;{{Overline|3}}m&lt;BR&gt;{{Overline|8}}2m&lt;BR&gt;{{Overline|5}}m&lt;BR&gt;{{Overline|12}}2m&lt;br&gt;{{Overline|2n}}2m&lt;br&gt;{{Overline|n}}m
| 4 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;6 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;8 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;10 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;12 {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;n {{overline|2}}&lt;BR&gt;
| 2*2&lt;BR&gt;2*3&lt;BR&gt;2*4&lt;BR&gt;2*5&lt;BR&gt;2*6&lt;BR&gt;2*n
| D&lt;SUB&gt;2d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;3d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;4d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;5d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;6d&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;D&lt;SUB&gt;nd&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±D&lt;SUB&gt;4&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;6&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;16&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;±D&lt;SUB&gt;10&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;24&lt;/SUB&gt;&lt;BR&gt;DD&lt;SUB&gt;4n&lt;/SUB&gt; / ±D&lt;SUB&gt;2n&lt;/SUB&gt;
| [2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,4]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,6]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,8]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,10]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,12]&lt;BR&gt;[2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,2n]
| 8&lt;BR&gt;12&lt;BR&gt;16&lt;BR&gt;20&lt;BR&gt;24&lt;BR&gt;''4n''
|-  align=center
| 23
| {{overline|3}} {{overline|3}}
| 332
| T
| T
| [3,3]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 12
|-  align=center
| m{{overline|3}}
| 4 {{overline|3}}
| 3*2
| T&lt;SUB&gt;h&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±T
| [3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;,4]
| 24
|-  align=center
| {{overline|4}}3m
| 3 3
| *332
| T&lt;SUB&gt;d&lt;/SUB&gt;
| TO
| [3,3]
| 24
|-  align=center
| 432
| {{overline|4}} {{overline|3}}
| 432
| O
| O
| [3,4]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 24
|-  align=center
| m{{overline|3}}m
| 4 3
| *432
| O&lt;SUB&gt;h&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±O
| [3,4]
| 48
|-  align=center
| 532
| {{overline|5}} {{overline|3}}
| 532
| I
| I
| [3,5]&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;
| 60
|- align=center
| {{overline|5}}{{overline|3}}m
| 5 3
| *532
| I&lt;SUB&gt;h&lt;/SUB&gt;
| ±I
| [3,5]
| 120
|}

(*) When the Intl entries are duplicated, the first is for even ''n'', the second for odd ''n''.


=== Reflective subset groups ===
[[File:Coxeter_diagram_finite_rank3_correspondence.png|thumb|Finite isomorphism and correspondences]]
The subset of pure reflectional point groups, defined by 1 to 3 mirror planes, can also be given by their [[Coxeter group]] and related polyhedra. The [3,3] group can be doubled, written as &lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;3,3]], mapping the first and last mirrors onto each other, doubling the symmetry to 48, and isomorphic to the [4,3] group.
{| class=wikitable
![[Schönflies notation|Schönflies]]
!colspan=2|[[Coxeter group]]
!colspan=2|[[Coxeter&amp;ndash;Dynkin diagram|Coxeter diagram]]
!Order
!Related regular and prismatic polyhedra
|- align=center
||T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;||[3,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2|3|node_c3}}||||24||[[Tetrahedron]]
|- align=center
||T&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;×2 = BC&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;||&lt;nowiki&gt;[[&lt;/nowiki&gt;3,3]] = [4,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2|3|node_c1}}||= {{CDD|node|4|node_c1|3|node_c2}}||48||[[Stellated octahedron]]
|- align=center
||O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;||[4,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c2|3|node_c3}}||||48||[[Cube]], [[octahedron]]
|- align=center
||I&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;||H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;||[5,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c2|3|node_c3}}||||120||[[Icosahedron]], [[dodecahedron]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;3h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[3,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||12||[[Triangular prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;3h&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = D&lt;sub&gt;6h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;×2||[[3],2]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|6|node|2|node_c2}}||24||[[Hexagonal prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;4h&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[4,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||16||[[Square prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;4h&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = D&lt;sub&gt;8h&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;×2||[[4],2] = [8,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|8|node|2|node_c2}}||32||[[Octagonal prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;5h&lt;/sub&gt;|| H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[5,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||20||[[Pentagonal prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;6h&lt;/sub&gt;|| G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[6,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|6|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||24||[[Hexagonal prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;nh&lt;/sub&gt;|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[n,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||''4n''||''n''-gonal [[Prism (geometry)|prism]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;nh&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = D&lt;sub&gt;2nh&lt;/sub&gt;|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)×A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;×2||[[n],2]||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|2x|n|node|2|node_c2}}||''8n''
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;2h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;||[2,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c2|2|node_c3}}||||8
|rowspan=3|[[Cuboid]]
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;2h&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;×2||[[2],2] = [4,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|4|node|2|node_c2}}||16
|- align=center
||D&lt;sub&gt;2h&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; = O&lt;sub&gt;h&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;×6||[3[2,2]] = [4,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c1|2|node_c1}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|4|node|3|node}}||48
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;3v&lt;/sub&gt;|| A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,3]||{{CDD|node_c1|3|node_c2}}||||6
|rowspan=9|[[Hosohedron]]
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;4v&lt;/sub&gt;|| BC&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,4]||{{CDD|node_c1|4|node_c2}}||||8
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;5v&lt;/sub&gt;|| H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,5]||{{CDD|node_c1|5|node_c2}}||||10
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;6v&lt;/sub&gt;|| G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,6]||{{CDD|node_c1|6|node_c2}}||||12
|- align=center
||C&lt;sub&gt;nv&lt;/sub&gt;|| I&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(n)||[1,n]||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c2}}||||2''n''
|- align=center
||''C''&lt;sub&gt;''nv''&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = ''C''&lt;sub&gt;2''nv''&lt;/sub&gt;|| ''I''&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;(''n'')×2||[1,[''n'']] = [1,2n]||{{CDD|node_c1|n|node_c1}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|2x|n|node}}||4''n''
|- align=center
||''C''&lt;sub&gt;2''v''&lt;/sub&gt;|| ''A''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;||[1,2]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c2}}||||4
|- align=center
||''C''&lt;sub&gt;2''v''&lt;/sub&gt;×Dih&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;|| ''A''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;×2||[1,[2]]||{{CDD|node_c1|2|node_c1}}||= {{CDD|node_c1|4|node}}||8
|- align=center
||''C''&lt;sub&gt;''s''&lt;/sub&gt;|| ''A''&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;||[1,1]||{{CDD|node_c1|}}||||2
|}

==Representations==
Irreducible representation is used to create a character table for that point group. 

-A value of 1 means that the symmetry does not change its orbital position

-A value of 0 means the operation changes orbital's position

-A value of -1 means the orbital does not change its symmetry but inverts its sign.

Reducible representation is simply a combination of irreducible representations.

==Character Table==
Character tables are designated by these characters which means different operations.

-x,y,x is the transformation of the x,y,z coordinates

-R&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, R&lt;sub&gt;y&lt;/sub&gt;, R&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt; is the rotation about the x, y, z axes

-R is any symmetry operation like C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

-X is the character of operation

-i, j is the designation of different representations such as A&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; or A&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;

-h is the total number of symmetry operations in the group (order)

==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{BookCat}}
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point_group

Miessler, Gary. Inorganic Chemistry. 4th Edition.</text>
      <sha1>qsg3yq4v7vl8ow0z04h6eivtgmuawul</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Organic Chemistry/Synthesis</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>280283</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641824</id>
      <parentid>4640727</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:08:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641824</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4073" sha1="re0jgg31aj1sdwau0e28b4pilzz6d6b" xml:space="preserve">The synthesis of amino acids is vital to life itself. They are important because they are the basis of proteins and required for the synthesis of more complicated molecules such as vitamins. Amino acid synthesis is the process of creating amino acids from other molecules. Not all animals can synthesize all the amino acids. Non essential amino acids are those that are synthesized while the essential amino acids are those that need to be obtained through diet. Non-essential amino acids are the amino acids that can be synthesized in animals. 

The amino acids synthesis pathways are grouped into six categories. They are grouped according to their similar mechanism or the use of similar enzymes to synthesize amino acids. These six categories are simple reactions, branch chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, threonine/lysine, serine/glycine, and unique pathways. 


&lt;ref name=&quot;synthesis&quot;&gt;[http://dwb4.unl.edu/Chem/CHEM869P/CHEM869PLinks/www.bact.wisc.edu/microtextbook/metabolism/aminoacids.html synthesis], November 20, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

== Synthesis of Amino Acids ==

=== Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky ===


Using Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Bromination, the creation of racemic alanine can be formed from propanoic acid.  This can be done as Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Bromination allows for an addition of a functional group at the carbon 2 of propanoic acid.  Through this reaction, a nucleophile can displace the bromine that is formed on carbon number two.  In using a nucleophile such as ammonia, the amino acid Alanine can therefore be formed.  Due to the low yields produced by Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Bromination, Gabriel Synthesis is preferred in the making of primary amines.


''Mechanism of Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky Bromination:''
[[File:Hell Volhard Zelinsky Reaktion Mechanismus3.svg|938 × 212px|center]]

This reaction is followed by an addition of ammonia, which will displace bromine and form Alanine.

=== Gabriel Synthesis ===


The formed 2-substitued propanedioate can be alkylated, allowing for the preparation of a variety of substituted amino acids. 

''Mechanism of Gabriel Synthesis:''
[[File:Gabriel synthesis mechanism.png|thumb|Gabriel synthesis mechanism|center]]

A propanedioate such as diethyl 2-bromomalonate would be used to form an amino acid such as Glycine.  The difference however in the synthesis of Glycine from the Gabriel Synthesis from the regular Gabriel synthesis shown above, is that the group that is attached to the Nitrogen after the first step would be hydrolyzed to form two carboxylic acids.  One of the carboxylic acid group would be then decarboxylated and hydrolysis would occur once again to cleave the imide group, which would result in the formation of Glycine.

=== Strecker Synthesis ===
This synthesis is based on the cyanohydrin formation that can occur from aldehydes and hydrogen cyanide.  When this reaction is carried out in the presence of ammonia or ammonium cyanide with an acetaldehyde, formation of the amino acid Alanine can occur.

''Mechanism of  Strecker Synthesis of Alanine:''
[[File:Strecker synthesis.png|thumb|Strecker synthesis|center]]

==Simple Reactions:The synthesis of Glutamine, Glutamate, Aspartate, Asparagines and Alanine==

Glutamate is synthesized by the addition of ammonia to alpha-ketoglutarate.

[[File:Synthesis of Glutamate.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Glutamate]]

Using Glutamate, the addition of another ammonia molecule made Glutamine. 

[[File:Synthesis of Glutamine.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Glutamine]]

Aspartate is made by the combination of Oxaloacetate and Glutamate. 

[[File:Synthesis of Aspartate.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Aspartate]]

Asparagine can be made by adding ammonia directly to Aspartate.

[[File:Synthesis of Asparagine.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Asparagine]]
There are several methods for making Alanine. The most common way is the transferring of amine group from glutamate onto private.
[[File:Synthesis of Alanine.jpg|thumb|Synthesis of Alanine]]

== References ==
Vollhardt, Peter (2010) Organic Chemistry Structure and Function Sixth Edition. ISBN:142920494X
{{Reflist}}</text>
      <sha1>re0jgg31aj1sdwau0e28b4pilzz6d6b</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Phase Diagrams</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>281855</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641819</id>
      <parentid>3117574</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:03:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641819</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6823" sha1="6xzx4csth2yo4tk8xa0sbbsouj6rpz2" xml:space="preserve">==Introduction of phase diagrams==
[[File:Phase-diag2.svg|thumbnail| This is an example of a phase diagram. In this case, the substance represented on the PT diagram is for water. The dotted region above the critical point is the supercritical fluid.]]
A phase diagram is a chart that helps define the conditions at which a substance can be in its solid, liquid, and vapor states. The three boundary lines of the chart signify the equilibrium relationships between the phases: fusion curve, vaporization curve, and sublimation curve. There are also two distinct points on the graph: the triple point and the critical point. 
To better define these terms the picture diagram can be examined. The red line is the transition between solid to gas and is also called the sublimation curve. The green line is from solid to liquid and is also called the fusion curve. The blue is liquid to gas and is called the vaporization curve. The point where all three lines intersect is the triple point. At this temperature and pressure the three phases: solid, liquid, and vapor can coexist. The critical point is the condition of the highest pressure and temperature that the substance can be observed in vapor/liquid equilibrium.

==Supercritical==
Any condition that exceeds that highest pressure and temperature becomes a region that has no definite phase boundaries. A phase is usually considered a liquid when vaporization comes from pressure reduction at constant T, the same goes for a gas if condensation results from temperature reduction at constant T. Since this process cannot be applied to either situation the region beyond the highest P and T can be regarded as supercritical and as the fluid region.

A supercritical fluid is defined as a substance above its critical temperature (Tc) and critical pressure (Pc). The critical point represents the highest temperature and pressure at which the substance can exist as a vapour and liquid in equilibrium.
Supercritical fluids are highly compressed gases which combine properties of gases and liquids in an intriguing manner. Fluids such as supercritical xenon, ethane and carbon dioxide offer a range of unusual chemical possibilities in both synthetic and analytical chemistry. 
Supercritical fluids have solvent power similar to a light hydrocarbon for most solutes. However, fluorinated compounds are often more soluble in scCO2 than in hydrocarbons. This increased solubility is important for polymerisation.

==Phase Diagram for proteins==
[[File:Protein crystallization phase diagram.png|0.5px|thumbnail|This is a phase diagram used in protein crystallization. It displays the necessary protein and precipitant concentrations for crystallization.]]
Though phase diagrams are generally viewed as a map that shows the state of a substance at certain conditions, this simple tool can be used to analyze other complicated materials. An example is that the information derived from a phase diagram can be used for the discussion of [[Structural Biochemistry/Overcoming Challenges of Protein Crystallography|protein crystallography]].
This diagram is a representation of what protein and precipitant concentrations are needed for protein crystallography. The red line is called the solubility line and it distinctly separates undersaturated conditions from the supersaturated, which is the condition desired for protein crystallization. The supersaturated part of the diagram consists of three parts: metastable, labile, and precipitation.

==Supersaturated==
'''Metastable'''-Crystals here can grow larger from seeds but they cannot nucleate. There is a lower protein and precipitant concentration with less aggregation events. This zone signifies the concentrations that are usually too slow for crystallization to occur.

'''Labile'''-Crystals here can also grow larger from seeds but they can nucleate. There is a higher protein and precipitant concentration with more aggregation events. This zone is also known as the nucleation zone or the crystallization zone and is more favorable for the formation of crystals.

'''Precipitation'''-Proteins usually surface as an aggregate or precipitate and are not used for crystallography. This section of the diagram displays less favorable conditions because aggregation and precipitation occur much faster than crystallization.

&lt;u&gt;Nucleation&lt;/u&gt;: process of creating a nucleus.

&lt;u&gt;Aggregation&lt;/u&gt;: the clumping or clustering of proteins.

==Use of phase diagrams for protein crystallization==

The connection between phase diagrams and protein crystallization is the placement of the solubility curve (the red line). As described, crystals can only form in supersaturated solutions and having information on the location of the solubility curve allows for the growth of crystals for X-ray crystallography. Though crystals are needed to determine the solubility curve, it is through various trials that the suitable concentrations for crystal formation are found. By this accumulation of data the crystals can be used as a guide for refining conditions for protein crystallization. 

This phase diagram is used also because it unveils the interactions between the many components of the solutions. Examples of such interactions are the liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) that define the attraction between proteins, a necessary characteristic for crystallization of proteins. This attraction is thoroughly defined in LLPS. Other data that can be extracted from the phase diagram include enthalpies (from LLPS) and entropies (from solubility curve) of the protein in liquid and solid states. Also, additives can change the curves of the phase diagram giving data on the effect of the additive and how it interacts with the protein analyte. It can also be utilized for predictions of the conditions that are needed for a variety of protein crystallization which would be ideal for the crystallization process, less trial and error, more crystallizing. 

==Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS)==

A result of adding precipitant to a protein solution is the formation of liquid drops. These liquid drops are sometimes referred to as oils or coacervates and can be observed at changing temperatures, pHs, and other solution condition changes. The drops usually contain high protein concentrations and when influenced by a higher force, gravity, the drops separate from the rest of the solution. The result of this is two liquid phases from the solution. This entire process is called liquid-liquid phase separation. LLPS is useful because the high concentrations of proteins help increase saturation to a supersaturated state which, as a result, increases crystallization.

[[File:Llps.jpeg|The left picture shows LLPS of bovine crystallin in sodium phosphate. The picture on the right shows LLPS of thaumatin.]]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>6xzx4csth2yo4tk8xa0sbbsouj6rpz2</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Organismic and Evolutionary Biology</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>281936</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641863</id>
      <parentid>4343212</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:29:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641863</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="45252" sha1="n6ts8vizu0fpesst3c3y48hmh4n1qiv" xml:space="preserve">== Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Terms ==

'''Abdomen'''	
- Section of the body of an animal that is furthest from the mouth &amp; usually contains reproductive organs &amp; part of the digestive system.

'''Adapt'''	
- In terms of evolution to undergo natural selection so that members of a population are on average better able to survive &amp; reproduce. In everyday usage to adapt may simply mean to adjust to a situation which does not necessarily imply that evolution has occurred.

'''Adaptation'''	
- A feature produced by natural selection for its current function.

'''Adaptive radiation'''
- Periods of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles, or niches, in their communities

'''Allele'''	
- One of the versions of a gene that may exist at a locus. For example the pea color locus may have either the yellow allele or the green allele. Different alleles of the same locus are often symbolized by capital &amp; lowercase letters (e.g. the Y &amp; y alleles).

'''Allometric growth'''
- When some part of the organism grows at a rate different from the rest of the organism during development. For example the neck vertebrae of fetal giraffes must grow at a faster rate than the rest of the body (in comparison to giraffe's short-necked relatives).

'''Allopatric speciation'''
- Speciation that depends on an external barrier to gene flow (such as geographic isolation) to begin or complete the process of speciation.

'''Amino acid'''
- A building block of proteins. There are about 20 amino acids &amp; protein-coding DNA tells the cellular machinery which amino acids to use to build a particular protein.

'''Analogy/analogous structure'''
- Similar because of convergent evolution &amp; not because of common ancestry. Two characters are analogous if the two lineages evolved them independently. See also homologous homoplasious.

'''Anthropocentric'''	
Centering on humans &amp; considering all other things in relation to humans.

'''Anthropologist'''	
- A scientist who studies humans. This can include studying human evolution.

'''Apomorphy'''	
- The derived or changed character state for a particular clade under consideration. For example within the clade of terrestrial vertebrates (in which &quot;has four legs&quot; is the ancestral or plesiomorphic character state) birds have the apomorphic character state &quot;has two legs &amp; two wings.&quot;

'''Appendage'''	
- Any limb that extends from the body. Arms &amp; legs for example are appendages. Arthropods' mouthparts are often small limb-derived extensions of the body &amp; so are considered appendages.

'''Archipelago'''	
- A group of islands. 

'''Arms race'''
- In evolutionary biology a process in which two or more lineages coevolve such that each in turn evolves more &amp; more extreme/efficient defenses &amp; weapons in response to the other parties' evolution.

'''Arthropod'''	
- Any member of the large animal clade Arthropoda. Living lineages include crustaceans arachnids centipedes, millipedes, &amp; insects. Fossil lineages include the extinct trilobites. All arthropods have a hard exoskeleton that is periodically shed during growth a body that is divided into segments &amp; jointed legs. 

'''Artificial selection'''
- A process in which humans consciously select for or against particular features in organisms. For example the human may allow only organisms with the desired feature to reproduce or may provide more resources to the organisms with the desired feature. This process causes evolutionary change in the organism &amp; is analogous to natural selection only with humans not nature doing the selecting.

'''Bacterium'''	
- A microscopic single-celled organism lacking a well-defined nucleus. Neither plants nor animals bacteria are similar to the first life forms on Earth &amp; are widespread today. Although some bacteria cause diseases in humans the vast majority do not harm humans &amp; are essential to the health of other organisms &amp; Earth's ecosystems. (plural = bacteria)

'''Base'''	
- The information coding part of DNA the letters of the genetic code. The sequence of bases on a stretch of DNA (i.e. the sequence of As Ts Gs &amp; Cs) determines what the DNA does — if it codes for a protein turns on a gene or whatever. In protein-coding regions three base pairs code for a single amino acid. For example the base pair sequence ATG codes for the amino acid methionine. In a str&amp; of DNA bases are paired &amp; are lined up across from one another: A pairs with T &amp; G pairs with C.

'''Bilateral symmetry'''
- A condition in which the right &amp; left sides of an item (a shape or animal) are mirror images of one another. For example since the right side of the human body generally mirrors the left side humans are bilaterally symmetric.

'''Biochemistry'''	
- Set of chemical reactions that occur within or associated with living things.

'''Biodiversity'''	
- The variety &amp; variability among organisms inhabiting a particular region. However the term may be more specifically defined &amp; measured in different ways. For example sometimes biodiversity refers to the number of species in a particular area sometimes to the number of different ecological niches occupied by organisms in a particular area &amp; sometimes to the amount of genetic divergence that organisms in a particular area experienced.

'''Biodiversity hotspot'''
- Region that provides a home to a unusually high density of different species

'''Biogeography'''
- The study of where organisms live &amp; how they came to live where they do.

'''Biomass'''	
- Total mass of all living organisms in a particular area. In measures or estimates of biomass often the mass of the water in organisms is not counted towards their total biomass.
book lung	An organ used by many l&amp;-dwelling arachnids for breathing. It consists of a cavity in the abdomen containing a set of thin overlapping flaps (like the pages of a book). The inside of each flap is filled with blood &amp; the outside is exposed to air allowing oxygen &amp; carbon dioxide to be exchanged through diffusion.

'''Bottleneck'''	
- An event in which a population's size is greatly reduced. When this happens genetic drift may have a substantial effect on the population. In other words when the population size is radically reduced gene frequencies in the population are likely to change just by random chance &amp; many genes may be lost from the population reducing the population's genetic variation.

'''Brongniart Alexandre(1770-1847)'''
- French geologist &amp; student of Cuvier who along with his mentor was one of the first to identify &amp; cross-reference geologic strata using fossils a methodological innovation credited to William Smith. Brongniart &amp; Cuvier identified the same fossil layers all across the Paris region &amp; showed that the regional fossil fauna had alternated between marine &amp; freshwater forms over geologic time.

'''Buckland William(1784-1856)'''
- English geologist &amp; teacher of Lyell. Buckl&amp; is known for his attempts to reconcile religion &amp; geology &amp; for being among the first to identify dinosaur fossils. As a natural theologist he believed that new life forms were continually created. He also believed that the Earth had been shaped by a series of catastrophes &amp; tried to find evidence that a worldwide flood — Noah's biblical flood — was the most recent of these.

'''Burgess Shale'''
- Rich deposit of fossils from the Cambrian Period located in western Canada. This fossil bed is particularly valuable because the rarely fossilized soft parts of many ocean-dwelling organisms were preserved in these rocks along with their hard parts (e.g. the exoskeleton).

'''Cambrian Period'''
- Geologic time period 543-490 million years ago. The Cambrian is the first period of the Paleozoic era during which all animals &amp; plants lived in the Earth's oceans. Many organisms that we recognize as members of modern animal groups (including the arthropods sponges chordates &amp; molluscs) made their first unmistakable appearance in the fossil record during the Cambrian.

'''Carnivore'''
- An organism that eats almost exclusively animals (caro = flesh vorare = to swallow up).

'''Character'''
- A recognizable feature of an organism. Characters may be morphological behavioral physiological or molecular. They are used to reconstruct phylogenies.

'''Chelicerate'''
- Chelicerates are a group of arthropods distinguished by the following characters: a body divided into a cephalothorax &amp; abdomen * no antennae but two pairs of appendages on the anterior cephalothorax (chelicerae &amp; pedipalps) &amp; four pairs of walking legs chitinHard tough substance that occurs widely in nature particularly in the exoskeletons of arthropods. Chemically chitin is a carbohydrate &amp; is made from sugar molecules.

'''Chloroplast'''	
- In plants &amp; photosynthetic protists a cellular body that uses energy from the sun (sunlight) to create organic compounds from carbon dioxide &amp; water.

'''Chordate'''	
- Any member of the animal clade Chordata a large group of vertebrates &amp; some marine invertebrates. Chordates have a notochord a rod-like cartilaginous structure supporting the nerve cord that they inherited from their common ancestor. Modern chordates include vertebrates tunicates hagfish &amp; lancelets.

'''Chromosomal inversion'''
- A mutation in which a section of chromosome is reversed 180 degrees. Because inversions in certain chromosomes can be observed with a light microscope they were particularly important in early genetic studies.

'''Clade'''	
- A group of organisms that includes all the descendents of a common ancestor &amp; that ancestor. For example birds dinosaurs crocodiles &amp; their extinct relatives form a clade.

'''Codon'''	
- A three base unit of DNA that specifies an amino acid or the end of a protein

'''Coevolution'''	
- A process in which two or more different species reciprocally effect each other's evolution. For example species A evolves which causes species B to evolve which causes species A to evolve which causes species B to evolve

'''Common ancestor'''
- An ancestor that they have in common. For example the common ancestors of two biological siblings include their parents &amp; grandparents; the common ancestors of a coyote &amp; a wolf include the first canine &amp; the first mammal.

'''Constraint'''	
- In terms of evolution an aspect of a lineage's genetic makeup that prevents the lineage from reaching a particular potentially advantageous evolutionary outcome (e.g. an organism's developmental process prevents the evolution of a trait that would allow a lineage to invade a new habitat).

'''Convergent evolution'''
- Process in which two distinct lineages evolve a similar characteristic independently of one another. This often occurs because both lineages face similar environmental challenges &amp; selective pressures.

'''Coprolite'''	
- Fossilized dung.

'''Crustacean'''	
- Crustaceans are a group of arthropods distinguished by the following characters: a body divided into cephalothorax &amp; abdomen * two pairs of antennae &amp; three pairs of mouth appendages.

'''Deleterious allele'''
- A version of a gene that on average decreases the fitness of the organism carrying it.

'''Development'''	
- Change in an organism over the course of its lifetime; the processes through which a zygote becomes an adult organism &amp; eventually dies.

'''DeVries Hugo(1848-1935)'''
- Dutch botanist famous for his contributions to genetics. He rediscovered the results first obtained by Mendel &amp; described genetic changes in his plants. Based on his observations DeVries argued that individual mutations had wide-ranging effects &amp; could cause speciation in a single step; however T. H. Morgan later discovered that many mutations seemed to have rather small effects. DeVries had observed changes in chromosome number not minor change in base pair sequence that are typical of mutation.

'''Diffusion'''	
- Process in which the r&amp;om movement of molecules causes different types of molecules to mix moving from regions of higher concentration to regions of lower concentration &amp; eventually becoming evenly distributed.

'''Directed mutation'''
- The hypothesis that mutations that are useful under particular circumstances are more likely to happen if the organism is actually in those circumstances. In other words the idea that mutation is directed by what the organism needs. There is little evidence to support this hypothesis.

'''Dispersal'''	
- A process in which a species' range changes because some or all individuals move to a new location. Dispersal is usually contrasted with vicariance as a biogeographic mechanism.

'''Diversity'''	
- In biology a measure of the variety of the Earth's animal plant &amp; microbial lineages. Different measures of biological diversity (biodiversity) include number of species number of lineages variation in morphology or variation in genetic characteristics.

'''DNA'''	
- Deoxyribonucleic acid is the molecule that carries genetic information from generation to generation.

'''Ectoderm'''	
- Layer of tissue present in developing animals that will eventually form organs such as the skin &amp; brain. Other tissue layers (the mesoderm &amp; endoderm) will form other parts of the body.

'''Ectothermic'''	
- Term used to describe an organism that relies on the environment &amp; its own behavior (e.g. moving to a sunny spot) to regulate its body temperature (ecto = outside therm = heat). Many lizards for example are ectothermic.

'''Endemic'''	
- Organism native to a particular restricted area &amp; found only in that place.

'''Endoskeleton'''	
- Evolution is descent with modification. This definition encompasses small-scale evolution (changes in gene frequency in a population from one generation to the next) &amp; large-scale evolution (the descent of different species from a common ancestor over many generations).

'''Endosymbiosis'''	
- A relationship in which one organism lives inside another to the mutual benefit of both. It is generally accepted that early in the history of eukaryotes eukaryote cells engulfed bacteria forming a symbiotic relationship. Over time they became so mutually interdependent that they behaved as a single organism. The bacteria became what we know as mitochondria &amp; chloroplasts.

'''Endothermic'''	
- Term used to describe an organism that regulates its body temperature by generating its own heat internally. Mammals for example are largely endothermic.

'''Epithelium'''	
- A layer of tissue covering an organism's internal or external surfaces.

'''Eukaryote'''	
- An organism with eukaryotic cells — cells with a membrane-enclosed nuclei &amp; membrane-enclosed organelles.

'''Evolution'''	
- Evolution is descent with modification. This definition encompasses small-scale evolution (changes in gene frequency in a population from one generation to the next) &amp; large-scale evolution (the descent of different species from a common ancestor over many generations).

'''Exaptation'''	
- A feature that performs a function but that did not arise through natural selection for its current use.

'''Exoskeleton'''	
- Support structure located on the outside of the body (exo = outside). Arthropod bodies for example are supported by an armor-like exoskeleton.

'''Extant'''	
- Not extinct existing.

'''Extinction'''	
- An event in which the last members of a lineage or species die. A single species may go extinct when all members of that species die or an entire lineage may go extinct when all the species that make it up go extinct.

'''Fitness'''	
- A genotype's success at reproducing (the more offspring the genotype leaves the higher its fitness). Fitness describes how good a particular genotype is at leaving offspring in the next generation relative to other genotypes. Experiments &amp; observations can allow researchers to estimate a genotype's fitness assigning it a numerical value.

'''Food chain/food web'''
- All the feeding interactions of predator &amp; prey along with the exchange of nutrients into &amp; out of the soil. These interactions connect the various members of a community &amp; describe how energy passes from one organism to another. Referred to as the &quot;food web.&quot;

'''Fossil'''	
- Trace of a living creature (body part of body burrow footprint) preserved over time.

'''Founder effect'''
- Changes in gene frequencies that accompany starting a new population from a small number of individuals. The newly founded population is likely to have different gene frequencies than the source population because of sampling error (genetic drift). The newly founded population is to have a less genetic variation than the source population

'''Fourier Joseph	(1768-1830)'''
- French physicist &amp; mathematician most famous for creating the mathematical tools to study how heat flows through solids. His studies of heat led him to argue that Earth's history had a direction beginning warm &amp; cooling through time — an idea at odds with Lyell's view of Earth's history as one of constant but directionless change.

'''Gene'''	
- The unit of heredity. Generally it means a region of DNA with a particular phenotypic effect. A stretch of DNA that includes a transcribed &amp; regulatory region.

'''Gene flow'''
- The movement of genes between populations. This may happen through the migration of organisms or the movement of gametes (such as pollen blown to a new location).

'''Gene frequency'''
- (also called allele frequency) Proportion of genes/alleles in a population that are of a particular type. For example at a particular locus pea plants may have either a &quot;yellow pea&quot; allele or a &quot;green pea&quot; allele — so a population of pea plants would have some frequency of yellow pea alleles ranging from zero to one (100%).

'''Gene pool'''
- All of the genes in a population. Any genes that could wind up in the same individual through sexual reproduction are in the same gene pool.

'''Genetic drift'''
- Random changes in the gene frequencies of a population from generation to generation. This happens as a result of sampling error — some genotypes just happen to reproduce more than other genotypes not because they are &quot;better but just because they got lucky. This process causes gene frequencies in a population to drift around over time. Some genes may even drift out&quot; of a population (just by chance some gene may reach frequency of 0). Genetic drift has the effect of decreasing genetic variation within a population.

'''Genetic variation'''
- Loosely a measure of the genetic differences there are within populations or species. For example a population with many different alleles at a locus may be said to have a lot of Genetic variation at that locus. Genetic variation is essential for natural selection to operate since natural selection can only increase or decrease frequency of alleles already in the population.

'''Genome'''
- All the genetic information an organism carries.genotype. The set of genes an organism has. Sometimes genotype refers to the entire genome of an organism &amp; sometimes it refers to the alleles carried at a particular locus.genus (genera — pl.) The rank above species in Linnaean classification. 

'''Germ line mutation'''
- Mutation that occurs in reproductive cells &amp; ends up being carried by gametes (egg/sperm).

'''Gill'''	
- Organ used for breathing in many water-dwelling animals including most fish &amp; many arthropods. Gills generally have a large surface area &amp; are filled with blood; gas exchange occurs by diffusion across the surface area of the gill as oxygen passes into the blood &amp; carbon dioxide passes out of them.

'''Habitat'''	
- Place &amp; conditions in which an organism normally lives.

'''Herbivore'''	
- An organism that eats almost entirely plants.
 
'''Heterochrony'''
- An evolutionary change in the timing of a developmental event. For example relative to the lineage's ancestor the early maturation of sex organs is an example of heterochrony.

'''Hominid'''	
- Humans &amp; their extinct relatives (i.e. organisms on the &quot;human side&quot; of the human/chimpanzee lineage split). However some scientists use the term hominid to refer to a larger group: humans other great apes (chimpanzees, gorillas &amp; orangutans) &amp; their extinct relatives. However you decide to name the groups the important thing is how all these species are related to one another &amp; not what we decide to call each lineage.

'''Hominin'''	
- This clade includes all living &amp; extinct lineages that are more closely related to humans than they are to chimpanzees. It is essentially the human branch of the tree of life.

'''Homology/homologous structure'''
- Inherited from a common ancestor. Human eyes &amp; mouse eyes are homologous structures because we each inherited them from our common ancestor that also had the same sort of eyes. Contrast this with homoplasious &amp; analogous.

'''Homoplasious'''	
- Similar but not because of inheritance from a common ancestor. Homoplasious characters may be explained by convergent evolution in 2 different organisms or character reversals.

'''Horizontal transfer'''
- A process which results in the transfer of genetic material between members of different species. Bacteria for example frequently pass copies of particular genes to one another &amp; pick up foreign genetic material from their environment resulting in horizontal transfer.

'''Host'''	
- Organism that serves as a habitat for another organism. A host may provide nutrition to a parasite or simply a place in which to live.

'''Hox gene'''
- Gene that regulates development &amp; organization of the major body units.

'''Hutton James (1726-1797)'''
- Scottish farmer &amp; geologist. In his travels around Britain he made observations which suggested to him that the geologic processes that shaped the ancient Earth could be seen operating all the time an idea which would later form the basis of Lyell's uniformitarianism. Hutton used his observations &amp; hypothesis to argue that the Earth must be extremely old.

'''Hybridization'''	
- The production of offspring from different parental forms. For example if two recognizably different species of plant fertilized one another &amp; produced viable fertile offspring the process would be called hybridization.

'''Hydrostatic skeleton'''
- A fluid-filled cavity that supports the body of an animal because the fluid cannot be compressed into a smaller volume (hydro = liquid  statos = standing unchanging).

'''Hypothesis'''	
- A proposed explanation for a narrow set of phenomena. A hypothesis must be testable with evidence from the natural world. If an explanation can't be tested with experimental results observation or some other means then it is not a scientific hypothesis.

'''Inbreeding'''	
- Mating between relatives. Technically this is defined as a pattern of mating in which mates are more closely related than two individuals selected at random from the population.

'''Incipient species'''
- Group of organisms that is to become separate species from other related individuals.

'''Insect'''	
- Insects are a group of arthropods distinguished by the following characters: a body divided into head thorax &amp; abdomen one pair of antennae three pairs of mouth appendages three pairs of legs on thorax &amp; often one or two pairs of wings

'''Intelligent design movement'''
- The intelligent design (ID) movement promotes the idea that many aspects of life are too complex to have evolved without the intervention of a supernatural being — the intelligent designer. Because it relies on supernatural explanations ID is not science. To learn more read our brief on the intelligent design movement.

'''Intermediate form'''
- A partially assembled adaptation. Complex adaptations evolve in a series of smaller steps &amp; these steps along the history of an adaptation's evolution are called intermediate forms.

'''Iridium'''	
- A rare element that is found in relatively high concentrations in asteroids.

'''Junk DNA'''
- DNA that doesn't code for proteins. The term &quot;junk DNA&quot; is a bit of a misnomer since some of this non-coding DNA performs important functions like helping to turn genes on &amp; off.

'''Key innovation'''
- An adaptation that allows an organism to exploit a new niche or resource.

'''Life history'''
- Traits that make up the life cycle of an organism. An organism's life history includes characteristics related to reproduction development &amp; growth (e.g. fecundity types of larval stages passed through size at adulthood &amp; habitats at different points in life cycle).

'''Lineage'''	
- A continuous line of descent; a series of organisms populations cells or genes connected by ancestor/descendent relationships.

'''Lineage splitting'''
- An event in which a single historical lineage gives rise to two or more descendent lineages. Every node on a phylogeny is a lineage-splitting event.

'''Linnaean classification'''
- The standard system of classification in which every organism is assigned a kingdom phylum class order family genus &amp; species. This system groups organisms into ever smaller &amp; smaller groups (like a series of boxes within boxes called a nested hierarchy).

'''Locus'''
- The place in the DNA where a gene is located. For example the pea color locus is the place in a pea plant's DNA that determines what the color of the peas will be. The pea color locus may contain DNA that makes the peas yellow or DNA that makes the peas green — these are called the yellow &amp; green alleles.

'''Longevity'''	
- Long life; long duration of existence.

'''Lucy'''	
- The name given to a particular female hominid (of the species Australopithecus afarensis) who lived in what is now Ethiopia about three million years ago. &quot;Lucy&quot; is famous because she left behind a very complete fossilized skeleton found in 1974.

'''Macroevolution'''	
- Evolution above the species level. The adaptive radiation of a lineage into many different niches is an example of macroevolution. Since evolutionary change above the species level means that populations &amp; species must be evolving macroevolutionary change entails microevolutionary change.

'''Marsupial mammal'''
- A mammal such as an opossum or kangaroo whose young are suckled &amp; protected inside a maternal pouch.

'''Mass extinction'''
- Event in which many different lineages go extinct around the same time. Mass extinctions involved higher rates of extinction than the usual rate of background extinction that is going on all the time.

'''Mitochondrion'''	
- An organelle in eukaryotic cells where cellular respiration takes place. Mitochondria contain a short loop of DNA that is distinct from the DNA contained in the cell's nucleus.

'''Molecular'''
- In evolutionary biology having to do with DNA sequences or the amino acid sequences of proteins.

'''Molecule'''	
- Group of two or more atoms bonded together.

'''Molting'''	
- A process in which an animal sheds all or part of its outer covering which is then regenerated in some way. For example arthropods molt their exoskeletons in order to grow &amp; birds molt their feathers in order to replace worn out feathers or to prepare for a different season or for breeding.

'''Morphology'''	
- The study of the form &amp; structure of organisms. For example comparing the shape of the femur in different grazing mammals is a morphological study.

'''Mutation'''	
- A change in a DNA sequence usually occurring because of errors in replication or repair. Mutation is the ultimate source of genetic variation. Changes in the composition of a genome due to recombination alone are not considered mutations since recombination alone just changes which genes are united in the same genome but does not alter the sequence of those genes.

'''Mutualism'''
- A species interaction in which both of the interacting species profit from the interaction.

'''Myotome'''
- A segment of muscle.

'''Myriapod'''	
- Myriapods (myria = ten thousand pod = foot) are a group of arthropods distinguished by the following characters: a body built from a head &amp; long repeating trunk one pair of antennae (number of other appendages on head varies) many (but not 10000!) limbs on trunk

'''Natural selection'''
- Differential survival or reproduction of different genotypes in a population leading to changes in the gene frequencies of a population.

'''Neutral theory'''
- The idea that most of the molecular variation within populations is not being selected for or against — it is just neutral variation &quot;drifting&quot; around. The neutral theory de-emphasizes the role of natural selection in explaining molecular variation &amp; emphasizes the importance of mutation &amp; genetic drift.

'''Niche'''	
- In ecology the part of the environment occupied by a particular species along with the resources it uses &amp; produces. A species' niche includes factors as energy consumed time of consumption space occupied temperature required mode of reproduction &amp; behavior.

'''Node'''	
- A recognizable feature of an organism. Characters may be morphological behavioral physiological or molecular. They are used to reconstruct phylogenies. A point on a phylogeny where a single ancestral lineage breaks into two or more descendent lineages.

'''Notochord'''	
- A flexible rod running the length of a chordate providing structural support. The notochord is one of the inherited characteristics shared by all chordates.

'''Nucleotide'''
- The building blocks of DNA. A chain of nucleotides forms DNA. Nucleotides are made of a sugar a phosphate &amp; a base. See also base.

'''Omnivore'''
- An organism that eats both plants &amp; animals (omni = all vorare = to swallow up).

'''Onychoporans (also known as velvet worms)''' 
- Share certain characters with arthropods but are lacking a hard exoskeleton or jointed legs. Onychophorans are probably closely related to arthropods &amp; branched off the tree just before a fully hardened exoskeleton &amp; jointed legs evolved.

'''Organism'''
- Any living creature.

'''Outbreeding'''
- Mating between very distantly related individuals.

'''Outgroup'''	
- A lineage in a phylogenetic analysis that falls outside the clade being studied. All members of the clade being studied will be more closely related to each other than to the outgroup so the outgroup will branch off at the base of that phylogeny.

'''Owen Richard (1804-1892)'''
- English anatomist &amp; student of Cuvier. Owen reconstructed the skeletons of many extinct animals even working on some of Darwin's specimens. He was nonetheless an early opponent of Darwin arguing that God created new species by modifying a basic anatomical idea of an &quot;archetype.&quot; Later he modified his own views to accept a kind of &quot;divine&quot; evolution. Owen is known for overstating the differences between the human brain &amp; those of other apes in his struggle to place humans on a kind of pedestal apart from the rest of the animal kingdom.

'''Paedomorphosis'''
- Having some features of the ancestral juvenile stage but being an adult (with a mature reproductive system). This word means &quot;child form &amp; a paedomorphic change is any evolutionary change in the development of an organism that generates an adult with a child's form.&quot;

'''Paleontologist	'''
- A scientist who studies fossils (paleo = ancient onto = being ology = study of; study of ancient beings).

'''Parasite'''
- Organism that lives on or within another organism on which it feeds.

'''Parsimony'''
- A principle stating that the simplest explanation accounting for the observations is the preferred explanation. When reconstructing the evolutionary relationships among lineages the principle of parsimony implies that we should prefer the phylogeny that requires the fewest evolutionary changes.

'''Phenotype'''
- The physical features of an organism. Phenotype may refer to any aspect of an organism's morphology behavior or physiology. An organism's phenotype is affected by its genotype &amp; by its environment.

'''Phenotypic Plasticity'''
- Degree to which an organism's phenotype changes depending upon the environment that it is currently in or its past environment. Two organisms with the same genotype (e.g. identical twins) may have different phenotypes (e.g. one may be taller or heavier) if raised in different environments; those differences represent phenotypic plasticity. All organisms exhibit some degree of phenotypic plasticity (e.g. an animal that receives more food will generally be heavier than a genetically identical animal that receives less food) but sometimes phenotypic plasticity can be extreme (e.g. some fish become either male or female depending upon the temperatures they were exposed to as an egg).

'''Phylogenetic classification'''
- A system of classification that names groups of organisms according to their evolutionary history. Like Linnaean classification phylogenetic classification produces a nested hierarchy where an organism is assigned a series of names that more &amp; more specifically locate it within the hierarchy. However unlike Linnaean classification phylogenetic classification only names clades &amp; does not assign ranks to hierarchical levels.

'''Phylogeny'''
- The evolutionary relationships among organisms; the patterns of lineage branching produced by the true evolutionary history of the organisms being considered. Many of the phylogenies you encounter are the &quot;family trees&quot; of groups of closely related species but we can also use a phylogeny to depict the relationships between all life forms.

'''Pigment'''
- substance that absorbs light. Pigments absorb light of particular wavelengths which gives the pigment a characteristic color.

'''Placenta'''
- In placental mammals the organ that connects a fetus to the wall of its mother's uterus. Nutrients &amp; oxygen pass through the placenta from the mother to the developing embryo &amp; waste products pass back through it into the mother's bloodstream.

'''Placental mammal'''
- A mammal such as a human whose young completes its embryonic development in the uterus joined to the mother by a placenta.

'''Plate tectonics'''
- a broad theory that uses movements of continental plates to explain many geographic geologic seismic &amp; even biological observations. The idea is that the Earth's crust &amp; upper mantle are made up of many differently sized &amp; irregularly shaped plates that &quot;slide around&quot; on the lower mantle. The plates may crash into one another slide under one another &amp; change shape as they are broken down &amp; reformed.

'''Plesiomorphy'''
- The ancestral character state for a particular clade. This character state may change depending on the clade under consideration. For example &quot;has four legs&quot; is plesiomorphic for the clade of terrestrial vertebrates but &quot;has two legs &amp; two wings&quot; is plesiomorphic for the clade of owls.

'''Ploidy'''	
- The number of copies of each chromosome an organism carries. For example humans are diploid (i.e. we have a ploidy of two) because we carry two copies of each chromosome.

'''Polytomy'''
A node on a phylogeny where more than two lineages descend from a single ancestral lineage. A polytomy may indicate either that we don't know how the descendent lineages are related or that we think that the descendent lineages speciated simultaneously.

'''Population'''
- Generally a group of organisms living close to one another that interbreed with one another &amp; do not breed with other similar groups; a gene pool. Depending on the organism populations may occupy greater or smaller geographic regions.

'''Predator'''
- An organism that hunts &amp; eats other organisms. Predators may eat plants or meat.
prey	Organism killed for food by a predator.

'''Proboscis'''
- Elongated organ associated with the mouth. For example in elephants the trunk is the proboscis while in butterflies the long coiled feeding tube is the proboscis.

'''Protein'''
A molecule made of a string of amino acids. Proteins are coded for by DNA &amp; are essential molecules for life.

'''Radial symmetry'''
- A property of an item (e.g. a shape or an animal) that can be divided into two matching halves by many different lines which all intersect one another at a single point in the center. For example pies snowflakes &amp; starfish are radially symmetric because they have many different lines of symmetry (dividing them into matching halves) &amp; the lines cross one another at the center.

'''Radiometric dating'''
- A method of determining the date at which an igneous rock solidified based upon the rate of decay of radioactive atoms within the rock.

'''Random'''
- Unpredictable in some way. Mutations are &quot;r&amp;om&quot; in the sense that the sort of mutation that occurs cannot generally be predicted based upon the needs of the organism. However this does not imply that all mutations are equally likely to occur or that mutations happen without any physical cause. Indeed some regions of the genome are more likely to sustain mutations than others &amp; various physical causes (e.g. radiation) are known to cause particular types of mutations.

'''Recombination'''
- A process in which pairs of chromosomes swap DNA with one another. This happens during gamete formation. A single parent cell (containing two sets of chromosomes) will form four daughter cells (with one complete set of chromosomes each). In the process of forming these daughter cells recombination happens so that the chromosomes the daughter cells have are &quot;mosaic&quot; composed of different pieces of the parent cells' chromosomes. Recombination is important for evolution because it brings new combinations of genes together — a source of variation for natural selection to act upon.

'''Regulatory gene'''
- A gene that controls when protein-coding genes are turned on or off.

'''RNA'''
- Ribonucleic acid a molecule similar to DNA involved in carrying information &amp; producing proteins in cells. Some viruses carry RNA as their genetic material instead of DNA.

'''Sedgewick Adam(1785-1873)'''
- English geologist who studied the fossils in different geologic strata &amp; helped give the strata (&amp; corresponding time periods) the names we use today — Cambrian Devonian etc. Although he accepted naturalistic explanations for geologic events &amp; studied them using the biostratigraphic methods of William Smith Sedgwick rejected Darwin's naturalistic explanation for the origin of species &amp; argued that God created new forms of life at the beginning each geologic period.

'''Segregation'''
- The process in which pairs of chromosomes separate &amp; are shuttled off to different gametic daughter cells. When gametes are formed a single parent cell (containing two sets of chromosomes) will form four daughter cells (with one complete set of chromosomes each). In the process the paired chromosomes of the parent cell separate into different daughter cells. This process is segregation.

'''Sexual selection'''
- Selection acting on an organism's ability to obtain or successfully copulate with a mate. This process may produce traits that seem to decrease an organism's chance of survival while increasing its chances of mating.

'''Shocked quartz'''
Crystals with a pattern of fracturing that can be caused by the intense pressure &amp; heat of events such as asteroid impacts.

'''Sickle cell anemia'''
- A genetically caused disease that generally results in the death of the person with it unless medical interventions are available. Sickle cell anemia is a popular topic for biology courses because it is one the few well-worked out examples of heterozygote advantage that we have. People carrying two copies of the sickle cell allele have the disease people with no copies of the sickle cell allele are normal but people carrying just one copy of the sickle cell allele are resistant to malaria (though they may occasionally have symptoms of sickle cell). So if you live in a region where malaria is common you are at an advantage if you are a heterozygote (i.e. if you carry one sickle cell allele &amp; one normal allele).

'''Single-celled'''	
- Refers to an organism consisting of one cell such as bacteria protozoa &amp; some algae fungi &amp; yeasts.

'''Sister groups'''
- (sometimes called sister taxa) Clades that are each other's closest relatives. On a phylogeny sister groups occur anytime a single ancestral lineage gives rise to two daughter lineages: the daughter lineages are sister groups &amp; since they arose from the same ancestor at the same time sister groups are always the same age. Sister groups may differ widely in diversity level: one clade may be comprised of a single species while its sister group may be comprised of 100 species.

'''Somatic mutation''' - Mutations occurring in cells that do not form gametes mutations that do not end up being carried by eggs or sperm. For example mutations in your skin muscle or liver tissue are somatic mutations.

'''Speciation''' - The process by which species form. This involves reproductive isolation of different parts of an ancestral species so that they form distinct descendent species.

'''Species'''- Members of populations that actually or potentially interbreed. In this sense a species is the largest gene pool possible under natural conditions.

'''Subspecies''' - A grouping of organisms less inclusive than a species. The term is usually applied to groups within a species that have distinct forms &amp; live in a restricted area.

'''Symbiosis''' - 	A relationship between two different organisms that live in close contact with each other. The relationship may be beneficial to both organisms (mutualism) beneficial to just one (commensalism) or harmful to one (parasitism).

'''Symplesiomorphy''' - An ancestral character state (i.e. a plesiomorphy) shared by two or more lineages in a particular clade. For example within the clade of terrestrial vertebrates (in which the ancestral character state is &quot;has four legs&quot;) both elephants &amp; salam&amp;ers have four legs — &amp; so having four legs is a symplesiomorphy for those 2 lineages.

'''Synapomorphy''' - A derived or changed character state (i.e. an apomorphy) shared by two or more lineages in a particular clade. Synapomorphies are indicators of common ancestry. For example within the clade of terrestrial vertebrates the ancestral or plesiomorphic character state is &quot;has four legs.&quot; However both owls &amp; parrots have the synapomorphic character state &quot;has two legs &amp; two wings &quot; indicating that owls &amp; parrots are closely related.

'''Taxon''' - (taxa — pl.) Any named group of organisms (e.g. the reptiles Felidae beetles Homo sapiens) whether or not it forms a clade.

'''Tetrapod''' - The animal clade containing vertebrates with sturdy legs (as opposed to fins).

'''Theory''' - A broad explanation for a wide range of phenomena. Theories are concise coherent systematic predictive &amp; broadly applicable. They usually integrate many individual hypotheses. A scientific theory must be testable with evidence from the natural world. If a theory can't be tested with experimental results observation or some other means then it is not a scientific theory.

'''Thorax'''	
- In animals with 3 body regions the middle body region between the head &amp; abdomen.

'''Trachea'''	
- An internal tube that carries air into the body of an animal for breathing. For example in humans a trachea carries air to the lungs in insects a network of tracheae carries air directly to tissues throughout the body. 

'''Transcription'''
- The process of building an RNA molecule using DNA as a template. In this process complimentary RNA bases are matched to their DNA counterparts so that the str&amp; of RNA that is produced carries the &quot;imprint&quot; of one str&amp; of the DNA molecule.

'''Transitional forms'''
- Fossils or organisms that show the transformation from an ancestral form to descendant species' form. For example there is a well-documented fossil record of transitional forms for the evolution of whales from their amphibious ancestor.

'''Translation'''	
Part of the process of decoding an RNA molecule composed of nucleotide bases into a protein composed of amino acids.

'''Trilobite'''
- Trilobites are an extinct group of arthropods distinguished by the following characters: a body built from a cephalon thorax &amp; pygidium a body divided into three lobes running from head to tail one pair of antennae

'''Vertebrate'''	
- Any member of the animal clade Vertebrata. All vertebrates have a backbone that surrounds &amp; protects the nerve cord a character that they all inherited from their common ancestor. Vertebrates are a subgroup of the chordates. Modern vertebrates include fish sharks mammals &amp; amphibians.

'''Vestigial structure'''
- A feature that an organism inherited from its ancestor but that is now less elaborate &amp; functional than in the ancestor. Usually vestigial structures are formed when a lineage experiences a different set of selective pressures than its ancestors &amp; selection to maintain the elaboration &amp; function of the feature ends or is greatly reduced.
&lt;ref name=&quot;test&quot;&gt; 'Reece and Campbell. Biology, 7th ed. New York, 2005. {{ISBN|0-8053-7171-0}} '&lt;/ref&gt;

'''Vicariance'''
- Vicariance is a process in which a species' range is divided even though the species has remained in place. This might happen through tectonic action geologic activity (like the rise of a mountain range or shift in the course of a river) or other processes. Vicariance is usually contrasted with dispersal as a biogeographic mechanism.

===References===


&lt;references/&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>n6ts8vizu0fpesst3c3y48hmh4n1qiv</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Molecular Orbitals</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>281937</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641886</id>
      <parentid>4414961</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T15:06:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Diatomic Molecular Orbital Energies */</comment>
      <origin>4641886</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="11214" sha1="rg6a2dvsqaiu77852n8affbjuq87g57" xml:space="preserve">Molecular orbital theory uses group theory to describe the bonding patterns of molecular orbitals. This is determined by the symmetry and energies of the orbitals involved in bonding.

==Requirements for overlap that result in bonding==
1. Symmetry of the orbitals of the overlap must have the same sign of ϕ. 
2. The energies between the orbitals must be similar for a bonding to occur. This energy difference is ~14-15eV max for two orbitals to bond. 
3. The distance between the atoms must be short enough that they provide good overlap. However, this can't be too short because it would lead to an interference from repulsive forces. 
4. When two orbitals bond, their new overall energy orbital must be lower than the two original bonding orbitals. 

==Molecular Orbitals Combinations==
The two orbitals gradually move closer to each other that their electron clouds overlap, leading to a larger electron cloud. The signs of the orbitals are determined by the shading (dark vs. light) between the two orbitals. 
The bonding molecular orbital is where this larger electron cloud resides that was combined from the two smaller original orbitals. This is lower in energy than both original bonding orbitals due to stabilization. The opposite of this, called the anti-bonding molecular orbitals, involves a region called the node where there's no electron density from the cancellation of two wave functions. This results in a higher energy than the two original bonding orbitals. An asterisk is usually used to designate an anti-bonding orbital. Nonbonding orbitals can also result from the incompatible symmetry between two atomic orbitals. 

Molecular orbital combinations are great when trying to understand how molecules interact and bond! As stated above, molecular orbitals try to show how two electron densities overlap together ultimately binding two molecules. There is always either a positive charge or negative charge on the densities, or one might call it an antibonding property and bonding property due to two different spins. In essence, when two electron densities meet, they either repel or attract. The molecular orbital combinations try to explain how this happens.

Molecular orbitals need to be considered in order to understand how electrons move and exist in a bonded structure. An orbital is a quantum mechanical description of wave function, or in other words where electrons reside. Due to the unpredictable nature of electrons, the molecular orbital theory is not absolutely stable, but we use it more as a tool to help us understand rather than as the absolute rule in chemistry. It is important to remember molecular orbitals are used as tools to explain rather than being the explanation itself! &lt;ref name=&quot;molecular orbitals&quot;&gt;[http://www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca/esam/Chapter_8/intro.html Molecular orbitals], November 14th, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

[[File:Dihydrogen-MO-Diagram.svg|thumbnail]]


{{Reflist}}

==Diatomic Molecular Orbital Energies==
{| align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
!colspan=&quot;8&quot; | Table 1. Calculated MO energies for diatomic molecules in [[Hartree]]s &lt;ref&gt;{{cite DOI|10.1021/ed082p1205}}&lt;/ref&gt;
|-
!  || H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; || Li&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; || B&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; || C&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; || N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; || O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; || F&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; 
   
|-
| 1σ&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; || -0.5969 || -2.4523  || -7.7040 || - 11.3598 || - 15.6820|| - 20.7296 || -26.4289 
|-
| 1σ&lt;sub&gt;u&lt;/sub&gt; ||  || -2.4520 || -7.7032|| -11.3575|| -15.6783|| -20.7286||  -26.4286
|-
| 2σ&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;  || || -0.1816 || -0.7057 ||-1.0613||-1.4736 || -1.6488|| -1.7620 
|-
| 2σ&lt;sub&gt;u&lt;/sub&gt;  || ||  ||-0.3637|| -0.5172|| -0.7780|| -1.0987|| -1.4997
|-
| 3σ&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; || ||  || || || -0.6350 || -0.7358 ||  -0.7504
|-
| 1π&lt;sub&gt;u&lt;/sub&gt; || || ||-0.3594 || -0.4579||-0.6154 ||-0.7052 ||-0.8097  
|-
| 1π&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;  || || || || || ||-0.5319 || -0.6682
|-
| 1s (AO) || -0.5 || -2.4778 || -7.6953|| -11.3255|| -15.6289|| -20.6686 || -26.3829
|-
| 2s (AO) || || -0.1963 ||-0.4947 || -0.7056||-0.9452 || -1.2443|| -1.5726
|-
| 2p (AO) || ||  || -0.3099|| -0.4333|| -0.5677|| -0.6319||-0.7300 
|}

==Correlation Diagram==
Correlation diagrams, also known as Walsh diagrams, show the mixing of orbitals of the same energy. This shows the effect of moving two atoms together and combining two nuclei into one nucleus. Non-crossing rules also result from the correlation diagram. This rule states that orbitals of the same symmetry will never have their energies interact. 

[[File:Walshdiagram.gif|thumbnail]]

==HOMO vs. LUMO==
HOMO stands for highest occupied molecular orbital and LUMO stands for the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. These are called frontier orbitals because they are the first of their respective occupied and unoccupied orbitals. HOMO and LUMO are significant in molecular orbital bonding because it has a greater contribution from the lower energy atomic orbital. Their electron density is also concentrated on the atom with the lower energy level. 

==Group Orbitals==
Group orbitals are collections of matching orbitals on the outer atoms. The ion FHF- is a good example of group orbitals because of the strong hydrogen bonding. The lowest energy group orbitals come from the 2s orbitals of fluorine. The two 2s fluorine orbitals can have matching signs or they can have opposite signs in term of their wave functions. The 2px and 2py orbitals are the same, except they are separated by hydrogen's 1s orbital. As a result, H will only bond to the 2s orbital and pz orbital of fluorine. As a result, five out of the six p orbitals of fluorine will be shown as nonbonding. 

[[File:Hydrogendifluoride-3D-vdW.png|thumbnail]]

==Steps to Drawing MO Diagram==
1. The point group of the molecule must first be determined. If the molecule is linear with infinite rotation such D∞h, it's often useful to use a similar point group like D2h to approximate. 

2. x, y, z axis are assigned to each of the atoms. In general, the highest rotation axis is known as the z-axis. In most non-linear molecules, the y axis is used to point directly at the central atom.

3. A reducible representation is then formed from the s-orbitals of the central atoms. It is then found for all other outer orbitals if the s-orbital is not the most outer orbital. A value of 1 is returned from the reducible representation when the symmetry operation returns exactly the original position of the orbitals. A value of 0 is returned if the symmetry operation changes the location of the orbitals. A value of -1 is returned if the symmetry operation inverts the sign of the orbitals (eg: a p orbital's phase is changed but location stays the same). These values are additive, so a value of E (same position) on four orbitals, it will return a value of 1 x 4 = 4.

4. The reducible representation is then converted to its irreducible representations to determine the symmetry-adapted linear combinations (SALCS) of the orbitals. The total values for the irreducible representations must add up to the reducible representation.

5. The reducible and irreducible representation is then determined for the central atom.

6. The atomic orbitals of the central atom is then matched with the atomic orbitals of the group orbitals based on their symmetry and overlap.

Example (CO2):

[[File:Carbon-dioxide-3D-vdW.svg|thumbnail]]

1. Since CO2 has a D∞h, the D2h point group is used as a substitute. 
2. The z-axis chosen as the primary rotation axis - C2
3. The reducible representation of the outer atom orbitals are determined. There will be four total, 2s, 2px, 2py, 2pz. 

{|border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | E
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | C2 (z)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | C2 (y)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | C2 (x)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | i
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | σ(xy)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | σ(xz)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | σ(yz)


|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Reducible Representation (s)
|2
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|2
|2

|}

{|border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | E
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | C2 (z)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | C2 (y)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | C2 (x)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | i
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | σ(xy)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | σ(xz)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | σ(yz)


|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Reducible Representation (2pz)
|2
|2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|2
|2

|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Reducible Representation (2px)
|2
| -2
|0
|0
|0
|0
|2
| -2

|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Reducible Representation (2py)
|2
| -2
|0
|0
|0
|0
| -2
|2

|}

4. From the reducible presentation, the irreducible representation is then determined from the character table of D2h[http://www.webqc.org/symmetrypointgroup-d2h.html here]

This is the irreducible representation for the outer 2s orbitals

{|border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;5&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;
|-
|
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | E
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | C2 (z)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | C2 (y)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | C2 (x)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | i
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | σ(xy)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | σ(xz)
! scope=&quot;col&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | σ(yz)


|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | Ag
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1
|1

|-
! scope=&quot;row&quot; style=&quot;background:#efefef;&quot; | B1u
|1
|1
| -1
| -1
| -1
| -1
|1
|1

|}

Ag and B1u are the unique sets in the character table. It should be known that the irreducible representation adds up to the reducible representation. 

What these symbols mean:
A - singly degenerate (only 1 orbital transform): Symmetric with respect to the primary rotation axis
B - singly degenerate (only 1 orbital transform)): Anti-symmetric with respect to the primary rotation axis
E - doubly degenerate (two orbitals transform together)
T - triply degenerate (three orbitals transform together)
Subscript 1 - symmetric with respect to perpendicular C2 
Subscript 2 - anti-symmetric with respect to perpendicular C2
' - symmetric with respect to σh
'{{'}} - anti-symmetric with respect to σh

5. The symmetry of the outer orbitals is matched to the symmetry of the central atom.
The central atom has:
2s - Ag
2px - B3u
2py - B2u
2pz - B1u

6. Finally, the molecular orbitals are formed. In the group 1 and 2 orbitals, the oxygen 2s have Ag and B1u symmetry, which can be matched with the Ag symmetry of the 2s carbon orbital. In the group 3 and 4 orbitals, the oxygen 2pz orbital has Ag and B1u symmetry. This allows group 3 to bond with 2s of carbon and group 4 with the 2pz of carbon. This is then done for the rest of the orbitals, matched and drawn in the MO diagram. Like all bonding orbitals, their energies decrease when they bond due to stabilization.

==Reference==
Miessler, Gary. Inorganic Chemistry. 4th Edition.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>rg6a2dvsqaiu77852n8affbjuq87g57</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Character Table</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>281984</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641845</id>
      <parentid>3664629</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:16:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641845</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5812" sha1="n2k45seysvjuvrixpb6osr95iqlrbgc" xml:space="preserve">
Below is an example of a character table.
[[File:D4h.png|thumb|center|D4h Character Table]]

The higher the symmetry of the point group, the more complicated the character table is. As the result, sometimes, the complexity and symmetry of the point group can be reduced and approximated by a lower symmetry point group. For example, in D4h, the character table is shown above. However, to simplify the table, the point group can be approximated by C4v point group. As the one below.

[[File:C4v.png|thumb|center|C4v Character Table]]

A character table is made up of 5 parts.

1.	The symbol of the point group is given at the upper left hand corner of the character table.

2.	The operations that belonged to the point group is given at the top row, organized into classes.

3.	Mulliken symbols for irreducible representations are given at the left column. 

4.	The characters of the irreducible representations are given at the center of the table. These are the outcome of the basis function in response to the operations of the group

5.	Some certain functions are listed on the right. These functions show the irreducible representations for which the function can be served as basis.

Mulliken symbols

A – singlely degenerate, meaning only one orbital has that particular symmetry and level of energy. Symmetric with respect to the primary rotational axis.

B – singlely degenerate, meaning only one orbital has that particular symmetry and level of energy. Anti-symmetric with respect to the primary rotational axis.

E – doubly degenerate, meaning that two orbitals have the same symmetry and the same level of energy. These orbitals transform together.

T – triply degenerate, meaning that three orbitals have the same symmetry and the same level of energy. These orbitals transform together.

Subscript g – symmetric with respect to inversion center.

Subscript u – anti-symmetric with respect to inversion center.

Subscript 1 – symmetric with respect to perpendicular C2 axis

Subscript 2 – anti-symmetric with respect to perpendicular C2 axis.

‘(prime) – designates symmetric with respect to horizontal reflection plane

“(double prime) – designates anti-symmetric with respect to horizontal reflection plane

=How to use a character table=
An orbital of a central atom is placed at the origin. The symmetry operations are perform on the orbital. 

If the sign of the orbital does not change, a positive 1 is returned for the character.

If the sign inverts, a negative 1 is returned for the character.

=Example=
[[File:S Orbital.png|thumb|center|S orbital at the origin]]
Above is an S orbital of the central atom sitting at the origin. Remember, it is very critical to always place the orbital of the central atom at the origin. Refer to Figure VIIII, there are a total of five operations in C4v point group. 

1.	If an E operation is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character since the sign of the S orbital remains the same.

2.	If a C4 operation is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character (for convention, the primary rotation axis is always placed along the z axis).

3.	If A C2 operation is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character.

4.	If a mirror plane reflection through the bonds is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character.  

5.	If a mirror plane reflection between the bonds is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character.


[[File:Diagram of Px orbital at the origin.png|thumb|center|Px orbital at the origin]]
Above is a Px orbital of a central atom sitting at the origin. Refer to C2v character table, there are a total of 4 symmetry operations in this point group.

1.	If an E operation is performed on this Px orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character.

2.	If a C2 operation along the z axis is performed on this Px orbital, a negative 1 is returned because the sign inverts

3.	If a vertical mirror reflection on xz plane is performed on this Px orbital, a positive 1 is returned.

4.	If a vertical mirror reflection on yz plane is performed on this Px orbital, a negative 1 is returned.

Since 1, -1, 1, -1 are returned for the character, the corresponding Mulliken symbol is B1.

Since 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 is returned for all the character, matching the Mulliken symbol on the left of the table, A1 is the irreducible representation of this S orbital.
S orbital is a perfect sphere, so it is immediately obvious that it is a perfectly symmetrical orbital.


=Reference=
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Intro to Symmetry and Symmetry Element.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Symmetry operation and character table.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Character tables, irreducible representations of central atom.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Symmetry elements and point groups.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;SALCS, molecular orbital diagrams and high symmetry point groups.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

&quot;Symmetry Resources.&quot; Otterbein University. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://symmetry.otterbein.edu/&gt;.

&quot;Point Group Symmetry Character Tables - Chemistry Online Education.&quot; Point Group Symmetry Character Tables - Chemistry Online Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://www.webqc.org/symmetry.php&gt;.

Miessler, Gary L., and Donald A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2011. Print.</text>
      <sha1>n2k45seysvjuvrixpb6osr95iqlrbgc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641846</id>
      <parentid>4641845</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:16:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* How to use a character table */</comment>
      <origin>4641846</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5814" sha1="ldhh9cricskbqry01d3xb76fwgqkzhc" xml:space="preserve">
Below is an example of a character table.
[[File:D4h.png|thumb|center|D4h Character Table]]

The higher the symmetry of the point group, the more complicated the character table is. As the result, sometimes, the complexity and symmetry of the point group can be reduced and approximated by a lower symmetry point group. For example, in D4h, the character table is shown above. However, to simplify the table, the point group can be approximated by C4v point group. As the one below.

[[File:C4v.png|thumb|center|C4v Character Table]]

A character table is made up of 5 parts.

1.	The symbol of the point group is given at the upper left hand corner of the character table.

2.	The operations that belonged to the point group is given at the top row, organized into classes.

3.	Mulliken symbols for irreducible representations are given at the left column. 

4.	The characters of the irreducible representations are given at the center of the table. These are the outcome of the basis function in response to the operations of the group

5.	Some certain functions are listed on the right. These functions show the irreducible representations for which the function can be served as basis.

Mulliken symbols

A – singlely degenerate, meaning only one orbital has that particular symmetry and level of energy. Symmetric with respect to the primary rotational axis.

B – singlely degenerate, meaning only one orbital has that particular symmetry and level of energy. Anti-symmetric with respect to the primary rotational axis.

E – doubly degenerate, meaning that two orbitals have the same symmetry and the same level of energy. These orbitals transform together.

T – triply degenerate, meaning that three orbitals have the same symmetry and the same level of energy. These orbitals transform together.

Subscript g – symmetric with respect to inversion center.

Subscript u – anti-symmetric with respect to inversion center.

Subscript 1 – symmetric with respect to perpendicular C2 axis

Subscript 2 – anti-symmetric with respect to perpendicular C2 axis.

‘(prime) – designates symmetric with respect to horizontal reflection plane

“(double prime) – designates anti-symmetric with respect to horizontal reflection plane

==How to use a character table==
An orbital of a central atom is placed at the origin. The symmetry operations are perform on the orbital. 

If the sign of the orbital does not change, a positive 1 is returned for the character.

If the sign inverts, a negative 1 is returned for the character.

=Example=
[[File:S Orbital.png|thumb|center|S orbital at the origin]]
Above is an S orbital of the central atom sitting at the origin. Remember, it is very critical to always place the orbital of the central atom at the origin. Refer to Figure VIIII, there are a total of five operations in C4v point group. 

1.	If an E operation is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character since the sign of the S orbital remains the same.

2.	If a C4 operation is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character (for convention, the primary rotation axis is always placed along the z axis).

3.	If A C2 operation is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character.

4.	If a mirror plane reflection through the bonds is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character.  

5.	If a mirror plane reflection between the bonds is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character.


[[File:Diagram of Px orbital at the origin.png|thumb|center|Px orbital at the origin]]
Above is a Px orbital of a central atom sitting at the origin. Refer to C2v character table, there are a total of 4 symmetry operations in this point group.

1.	If an E operation is performed on this Px orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character.

2.	If a C2 operation along the z axis is performed on this Px orbital, a negative 1 is returned because the sign inverts

3.	If a vertical mirror reflection on xz plane is performed on this Px orbital, a positive 1 is returned.

4.	If a vertical mirror reflection on yz plane is performed on this Px orbital, a negative 1 is returned.

Since 1, -1, 1, -1 are returned for the character, the corresponding Mulliken symbol is B1.

Since 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 is returned for all the character, matching the Mulliken symbol on the left of the table, A1 is the irreducible representation of this S orbital.
S orbital is a perfect sphere, so it is immediately obvious that it is a perfectly symmetrical orbital.


=Reference=
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Intro to Symmetry and Symmetry Element.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Symmetry operation and character table.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Character tables, irreducible representations of central atom.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Symmetry elements and point groups.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;SALCS, molecular orbital diagrams and high symmetry point groups.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

&quot;Symmetry Resources.&quot; Otterbein University. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://symmetry.otterbein.edu/&gt;.

&quot;Point Group Symmetry Character Tables - Chemistry Online Education.&quot; Point Group Symmetry Character Tables - Chemistry Online Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://www.webqc.org/symmetry.php&gt;.

Miessler, Gary L., and Donald A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2011. Print.</text>
      <sha1>ldhh9cricskbqry01d3xb76fwgqkzhc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641847</id>
      <parentid>4641846</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:17:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641847</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5818" sha1="0res40xf3ushd8vyvxlpdo9kfof1b5g" xml:space="preserve">
Below is an example of a character table.
[[File:D4h.png|thumb|center|D4h Character Table]]

The higher the symmetry of the point group, the more complicated the character table is. As the result, sometimes, the complexity and symmetry of the point group can be reduced and approximated by a lower symmetry point group. For example, in D4h, the character table is shown above. However, to simplify the table, the point group can be approximated by C4v point group. As the one below.

[[File:C4v.png|thumb|center|C4v Character Table]]

A character table is made up of 5 parts.

1.	The symbol of the point group is given at the upper left hand corner of the character table.

2.	The operations that belonged to the point group is given at the top row, organized into classes.

3.	Mulliken symbols for irreducible representations are given at the left column. 

4.	The characters of the irreducible representations are given at the center of the table. These are the outcome of the basis function in response to the operations of the group

5.	Some certain functions are listed on the right. These functions show the irreducible representations for which the function can be served as basis.

Mulliken symbols

A – singlely degenerate, meaning only one orbital has that particular symmetry and level of energy. Symmetric with respect to the primary rotational axis.

B – singlely degenerate, meaning only one orbital has that particular symmetry and level of energy. Anti-symmetric with respect to the primary rotational axis.

E – doubly degenerate, meaning that two orbitals have the same symmetry and the same level of energy. These orbitals transform together.

T – triply degenerate, meaning that three orbitals have the same symmetry and the same level of energy. These orbitals transform together.

Subscript g – symmetric with respect to inversion center.

Subscript u – anti-symmetric with respect to inversion center.

Subscript 1 – symmetric with respect to perpendicular C2 axis

Subscript 2 – anti-symmetric with respect to perpendicular C2 axis.

‘(prime) – designates symmetric with respect to horizontal reflection plane

“(double prime) – designates anti-symmetric with respect to horizontal reflection plane

==How to use a character table==
An orbital of a central atom is placed at the origin. The symmetry operations are perform on the orbital. 

If the sign of the orbital does not change, a positive 1 is returned for the character.

If the sign inverts, a negative 1 is returned for the character.

==Example==
[[File:S Orbital.png|thumb|center|S orbital at the origin]]
Above is an S orbital of the central atom sitting at the origin. Remember, it is very critical to always place the orbital of the central atom at the origin. Refer to Figure VIIII, there are a total of five operations in C4v point group. 

1.	If an E operation is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character since the sign of the S orbital remains the same.

2.	If a C4 operation is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character (for convention, the primary rotation axis is always placed along the z axis).

3.	If A C2 operation is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character.

4.	If a mirror plane reflection through the bonds is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character.  

5.	If a mirror plane reflection between the bonds is performed on this S orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character.


[[File:Diagram of Px orbital at the origin.png|thumb|center|Px orbital at the origin]]
Above is a Px orbital of a central atom sitting at the origin. Refer to C2v character table, there are a total of 4 symmetry operations in this point group.

1.	If an E operation is performed on this Px orbital, a positive 1 is returned for the character.

2.	If a C2 operation along the z axis is performed on this Px orbital, a negative 1 is returned because the sign inverts

3.	If a vertical mirror reflection on xz plane is performed on this Px orbital, a positive 1 is returned.

4.	If a vertical mirror reflection on yz plane is performed on this Px orbital, a negative 1 is returned.

Since 1, -1, 1, -1 are returned for the character, the corresponding Mulliken symbol is B1.

Since 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 is returned for all the character, matching the Mulliken symbol on the left of the table, A1 is the irreducible representation of this S orbital.
S orbital is a perfect sphere, so it is immediately obvious that it is a perfectly symmetrical orbital.


==Reference==
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Intro to Symmetry and Symmetry Element.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Symmetry operation and character table.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Character tables, irreducible representations of central atom.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Symmetry elements and point groups.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;SALCS, molecular orbital diagrams and high symmetry point groups.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

&quot;Symmetry Resources.&quot; Otterbein University. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://symmetry.otterbein.edu/&gt;.

&quot;Point Group Symmetry Character Tables - Chemistry Online Education.&quot; Point Group Symmetry Character Tables - Chemistry Online Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://www.webqc.org/symmetry.php&gt;.

Miessler, Gary L., and Donald A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2011. Print.</text>
      <sha1>0res40xf3ushd8vyvxlpdo9kfof1b5g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/SALC</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>281985</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641850</id>
      <parentid>3664631</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:18:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641850</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4323" sha1="d1qace3eu45mikne7svxi9s9xn89nbe" xml:space="preserve">==Symmetry Adapted Linear Combination (SALC)==

SALC is a method to combine TWO OR MORE orbitals into one group and to see how they behave as a group. The behavior is influenced by each other and by the orbital from the central atom. The treatment of SALC is somehow similar to that of central orbital.

The rule is as followed:
If the symmetry operation does not change the orbital position = +1
If the symmetry operation changes the orbital position = 0
If the symmetry operation does not change the orbital position but changes the sign = -1
(It is very important to remember that changing position has the priority over changing sign)

Symmetry Adapted Linear Combinations are helpful in getting a three dimensional picture of how all aspects of binding works. This means it shows how the s, p and d bindings occur with respect to electron densities and their respective spin states. Different models are matched to see how a molecule will bond in an energetically favorable path and an equally unfavorable path. These are called binding and anti-bonding pairs. When there are lone pairs, there is not really a SALC because no combination of electron densities occur. &lt;ref name=&quot;Symmetry adapted linear combinations&quot;&gt;[http://vergil.chemistry.gatech.edu/notes/grpthy-vib/node4.html symmetry adapted linear combinations], November 14th, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Symmetry adapted linear combination models are done with knowledge of a molecular orbital. With both the use of a molecular orbital and symmetry adapted linear combination models, there can be a great deal of knowledge about how a molecule bonds with each ligand. The molecular orbital diagram helps to show all the states in which the molecule fills electrons, and their respective energy levels with respect to each other. In essence, using molecular orbital diagrams and symmetry adapted linear combination models, we can predict where electrons are most likely to be found and why. SALCs allow us to get a better understanding of how molecules exist in terms of how binding and spin states relate. &lt;ref name=&quot;Symmetry adapted linear combinations&quot; /&gt;

{{Reflist}}

==Example==

The example showing here is hydrogen atoms on water molecule.


[[File:Water salc table.png|thumb|center|]]

The reducible and irreducible representation of the hydrogen atoms on water molecule

E = A stays at A, B stays at B = 1 + 1 = 2
C2 = A changes position to B, B changes position to A = 0 + 0 = 0
Sigma v (xz) = A statys at A, and B stays at B = 1 + 1 = 2
Sigma v’ (yz) = A changes position to B, and B changes position to A = 0 + 0 = 0
So the reducible representations are 2 0 2 0
With simple reduction, one can tell that this can be reduced to A1 ( 1 1 1 1) and B1 ( 1 -1 1 -1)

Below is the outcome of the SALCs

[[File:The salcs.png|thumb|center|The SALCs made up of water s orbitals]]

=Reference=
&quot;Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).&quot; UC Davis Chem Wiki. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2012. &lt;Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)&gt;.

&quot;Symmetry Elements.&quot; N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://myphayao.com/symmetry-elements-examples/&gt;.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Intro to Symmetry and Symmetry Element.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Symmetry operation and character table.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Character tables, irreducible representations of central atom.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Symmetry elements and point groups.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;SALCS, molecular orbital diagrams and high symmetry point groups.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

&quot;Symmetry Resources.&quot; Otterbein University. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://symmetry.otterbein.edu/&gt;.

&quot;Point Group Symmetry Character Tables - Chemistry Online Education.&quot; Point Group Symmetry Character Tables - Chemistry Online Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://www.webqc.org/symmetry.php&gt;.

Miessler, Gary L., and Donald A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2011. Print.</text>
      <sha1>d1qace3eu45mikne7svxi9s9xn89nbe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641851</id>
      <parentid>4641850</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:18:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Reference */</comment>
      <origin>4641851</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4325" sha1="amwuvwbuqrw08hzrslei6fandw2mho5" xml:space="preserve">==Symmetry Adapted Linear Combination (SALC)==

SALC is a method to combine TWO OR MORE orbitals into one group and to see how they behave as a group. The behavior is influenced by each other and by the orbital from the central atom. The treatment of SALC is somehow similar to that of central orbital.

The rule is as followed:
If the symmetry operation does not change the orbital position = +1
If the symmetry operation changes the orbital position = 0
If the symmetry operation does not change the orbital position but changes the sign = -1
(It is very important to remember that changing position has the priority over changing sign)

Symmetry Adapted Linear Combinations are helpful in getting a three dimensional picture of how all aspects of binding works. This means it shows how the s, p and d bindings occur with respect to electron densities and their respective spin states. Different models are matched to see how a molecule will bond in an energetically favorable path and an equally unfavorable path. These are called binding and anti-bonding pairs. When there are lone pairs, there is not really a SALC because no combination of electron densities occur. &lt;ref name=&quot;Symmetry adapted linear combinations&quot;&gt;[http://vergil.chemistry.gatech.edu/notes/grpthy-vib/node4.html symmetry adapted linear combinations], November 14th, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

Symmetry adapted linear combination models are done with knowledge of a molecular orbital. With both the use of a molecular orbital and symmetry adapted linear combination models, there can be a great deal of knowledge about how a molecule bonds with each ligand. The molecular orbital diagram helps to show all the states in which the molecule fills electrons, and their respective energy levels with respect to each other. In essence, using molecular orbital diagrams and symmetry adapted linear combination models, we can predict where electrons are most likely to be found and why. SALCs allow us to get a better understanding of how molecules exist in terms of how binding and spin states relate. &lt;ref name=&quot;Symmetry adapted linear combinations&quot; /&gt;

{{Reflist}}

==Example==

The example showing here is hydrogen atoms on water molecule.


[[File:Water salc table.png|thumb|center|]]

The reducible and irreducible representation of the hydrogen atoms on water molecule

E = A stays at A, B stays at B = 1 + 1 = 2
C2 = A changes position to B, B changes position to A = 0 + 0 = 0
Sigma v (xz) = A statys at A, and B stays at B = 1 + 1 = 2
Sigma v’ (yz) = A changes position to B, and B changes position to A = 0 + 0 = 0
So the reducible representations are 2 0 2 0
With simple reduction, one can tell that this can be reduced to A1 ( 1 1 1 1) and B1 ( 1 -1 1 -1)

Below is the outcome of the SALCs

[[File:The salcs.png|thumb|center|The SALCs made up of water s orbitals]]

==Reference==
&quot;Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR).&quot; UC Davis Chem Wiki. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Nov. 2012. &lt;Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)&gt;.

&quot;Symmetry Elements.&quot; N.p., n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://myphayao.com/symmetry-elements-examples/&gt;.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Intro to Symmetry and Symmetry Element.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Symmetry operation and character table.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Character tables, irreducible representations of central atom.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Symmetry elements and point groups.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;SALCS, molecular orbital diagrams and high symmetry point groups.&quot; Inorganic Chemistry. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Oct. 2012. Lecture.

&quot;Symmetry Resources.&quot; Otterbein University. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://symmetry.otterbein.edu/&gt;.

&quot;Point Group Symmetry Character Tables - Chemistry Online Education.&quot; Point Group Symmetry Character Tables - Chemistry Online Education. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. &lt;http://www.webqc.org/symmetry.php&gt;.

Miessler, Gary L., and Donald A. Tarr. Inorganic Chemistry. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2011. Print.</text>
      <sha1>amwuvwbuqrw08hzrslei6fandw2mho5</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Atomic Radius</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>281999</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641852</id>
      <parentid>4223337</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:20:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641852</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2242" sha1="cec63fqcghnh962pb9fxidc4uo1t4ji" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Sizes of Atoms.png|thumb|Sizes of Atoms]]

==Definition==

The atomic radius is defined as the measured length from the atomic nucleus to the electron orbital that is in the outermost shell of the atom. Typically in practice, this length is measured by obtaining the distance between identical, adjacent atomic nuclei of the sample element, and this distance is then divided by half. In many cases, the size of the atom of a compound varies depending on the substances that are near it, hence it can be said that the atomic radius can vary slightly depending on what is around it.

The atomic radius is a term used to describe the size of the atom, but there is no standard definition for this value. Atomic radius may refer to the ionic radius, covalent radius, metallic radius, or van der Waals radius. In all cases, the size of the atom is dependent on how far out the electrons extend. The atomic radius for an element tends to increase as one goes down an element group. The electrons become more tightly packed as you move across the periodic table, so while there are more electrons for elements of increasing atomic number, the atomic radius actually may decrease. 

Ionic radii are difficult to measure with any degree of certainty, and vary according to the environment of the ion. For example, it matters what the co-ordination of the ion is (how many oppositely charged ions are touching it), and what those ions are.

There are several different measures of ionic radii in use, and these all differ from each other by varying amounts. It means that if we are going to make reliable comparisons using ionic radii, they have to come from the same source.

==Trends==

===Across the Period===
The atomic radius usually decreases in a period from left to right, due to the fact that nuclear charge increases, which then attracts the electrons that are orbiting and pulls them closer to the nucleus.

===Across the Group===
The atomic radius usually increases in a group from top to bottom, due to the fact that an additional energy level is added to the shell, which increases the n value.

==References==
# Silberberg, Martin S. Principles of General Chemistry. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2007. Print.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>cec63fqcghnh962pb9fxidc4uo1t4ji</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Ionization Energy</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282004</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641854</id>
      <parentid>3196606</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:21:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641854</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3731" sha1="riehjyqu0429ycqgrc22wtgx9bzbox8" xml:space="preserve">
==Definition==

Ionization energy is the minimum energy necessary to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in the gaseous state.  The first ionization energy refers to the energy necessary to rid of one electron, so it can be noted that the &quot;nth&quot; ionization energy is the energy required to rid of the atom's nth electron, after (n-1) electrons before it have been removed. The first ionization energy is a significant factor in chemical reactivity, due to the fact that atoms with low first ionization energies tend to become the cations during reactions, while those with high ionization energies (with noble gases being an exception) tend to convert to anions.

If the ionization energy is high, that means that it takes a lot of energy to remove the outermost electron. If the ionization energy is low, that means that it takes only a small amount of energy to remove the outermost electron.

As the nuclear charge increases, the attraction between the nucleus and the electrons increases and it requires more energy to remove the outermost electron and that means there is a higher ionization energy. As you go across the periodic table, nuclear charge is the most important consideration. So, going across the periodic table, there should be an increase in ionization energy because of the increasing nuclear charge.

==Trends==

Ionization energies have an inverse relationship with atomic radius. As size decreases for an atom, more energy would be required to remove the atom.

===Across the Period===

[[File:Ionization Energy 3.png|thumb|Add caption here]]

Ionization energies tend to increase across the period, due to the fact that there are a greater number of protons that that gain the attraction to the orbiting electrons more effectively, which would increase the energy necessary to remove an electron.

[[File:Ionization Energy 2.png|thumb|Add caption here]]


===Across the Group===
Ionization energies tend to decrease down a group, due to the fact that it takes less energy to remove an outer-shell electron as opposed to an inner-shell electron. An exception to this pattern occurs in Group 3A (the group after the transition elements) of the periodic table, since it does not increase from aluminum (Al) to thallium (Tl).

As we go down the periodic table, the electrons are further from the nucleus, causing the atoms to be larger and the ionization energies to be lower.

==Importance of Ionization Energy and Why it Matters==
In most chemical reactions, a clear understanding of ionization energy is crucial in order to comprehend why certain bonds occur and the energy that is associated with them. It also provides for the understanding how of various atoms make covalent or ionic bonds with each other. For example, the alkali metal of sodium has an ionization energy of roughly 5000 kJ/mol. The ionization energy of the chlorine atom is roughly 1200 kJ/mol. When creating the sodium chloride complex, the difference in their ionization energy is so great that chemically they can combine as an ionic bond, the strongest of bonds known to chemistry. However, when you start to see compounds of atoms that have ionization energies that are much closer to each other, then we start seeing weaker and weaker bonds. For example, the ionization energies of both carbon and chloride are fairly close to each other which dictates their bond type as covalent, the second strongest bond in chemistry. The general rule regarding bond energies and bond strengths is that the closer the two elements are on the periodic table, the weaker the bond will be between the two. 

==References==
# Silberberg, Martin S. Principles of General Chemistry. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2007. Print.</text>
      <sha1>riehjyqu0429ycqgrc22wtgx9bzbox8</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Electron Affinity</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282008</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641853</id>
      <parentid>3117427</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:20:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641853</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2038" sha1="nd9lic6p2iy0yhbbja8z4mvr3rrobsg" xml:space="preserve">==Definition==

Electron affinity is the energy change or gain that is accompanies an atom when an electron is added to it. When a neutral chlorine atom in the gaseous form picks up an electron to form a Cl- ion, it releases an energy of 349 kJ/mol or 3.6 eV/atom. It is said to have an electron affinity of -349 kJ/mol and this large number indicates that it forms a stable negative ion. Small numbers indicate that a less stable negative ion is formed. Groups VIA and VIIA in the periodic table have the largest electron affinities. Alkali earth elements (Group IIA) and noble gases (Group VIIIA) do not form stable negative ions. 

The sign of the electron affinity is associated with the potential energy that is created with the addition of the electron. If the addition of the electron were to create stability within the atom, it is considered to have higher electron affinity, which decreases the potential energy and this energy gained is negative. If the addition of the electron were to make the atom less stable, the potential energy increases, and the energy gained is found to be negative.

Electron affinity is essentially the opposite of the ionization energy. Instead of removing an electron from the element, we add an electron to the element to create an anion. Also, the noble gases, alkali metals and alkali earth metals have electron affinity.

==Trends==

===Across the Period===
Typically, electron affinity increases from left to right across the period, but it is definitely not a regular or steady increase. Factors such as charge and the atomic size both affect electron affinities, hence the trend across the period is not as regular as the other periodic table trends. 

===Across the Group===
Electron affinity tends to decrease down a group, but as mentioned previously, it is not a regular trend, and there are several exceptions to this rule of thumb down the group. 

==References==
# Silberberg, Martin S. Principles of General Chemistry. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2007. Print.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>nd9lic6p2iy0yhbbja8z4mvr3rrobsg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Metallic Behavior</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282009</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641855</id>
      <parentid>3117524</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:22:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641855</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="6678" sha1="c86raqhynuwxjxan0pvc6odvtbcqhrg" xml:space="preserve">==Definition==

Metals are typically located within the left and lower areas of the periodic table, and they can be defined as solids that have relatively high melting points. In addition, another characteristic of metals is that they are typically shiny and act as good thermal and electrical conductors. Nonmetals, on the other hand are located within the upper right  side of the periodic table. Metalloids can be observed in the region between these two classes and hold properties that exemplify traits of both metals and nonmetals.

Metal behavior is described as chemical properties of elements that are metals. These traits are all based on one fact. That fact is the relative ease of metals to lose electrons or to be oxidized. The trends can be explained through chemistry. Across a period, metallic character decreases because atoms more readily accept electrons to fill a valence shell. Down a group, metallic character increases because as the atomic radius becomes larger, the electrons are more easily lost or reduced!  &lt;ref name=&quot;Metallic character&quot;&gt;[http://chemistry.about.com/od/periodicitytrends/a/Metallic-Character.htm Metallic character], November 20, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;


Chemical Properties of Metals: 
Metals combine with other metals and some non-metallic elements to form a vast number of alloys that enhance the properties of metals in specific applications. For example, the combination of iron, nickel and chromium provides a series of stainless steel alloys that are in common use. Metals such as nickel, vanadium, molybdenum, cobalt, rare earths and the platinum group metals enable the catalytic reactions for the synthesis of many organic chemicals from petroleum. A wide variety of metal compounds and salts impart beneficial properties to products like plastics in terms of colour, brightness, flame resistance and resistance to degradation. Photography has been made possible by the effect of light on metal salts.

Mechanical Properties of Metals: 
The properties of strength and ductility enable the extensive use of metals in structures and machinery. Metals and alloys exhibit ductility, malleability and the ability to be deformed plastically (that is, without breaking), making them easy to shape into beams (steel beams for construction), extrusions (aluminum frames for doors and windows), coins, metal cans and a variety of fasteners (nails and paper-clips). The strength of metals under pressure (compression), stretching (tensile) and sheer forces makes them ideal for structural purposes in buildings, automobiles, aircraft frames, gas pipelines, bridges, cables, and some sports equipment.

Conductivity of Metals: 
Metals are excellent conductors of both heat and electricity. In general, conductivity increases with decreasing temperature, so that, at absolute zero (-273°C), conductivity is infinite. To emphasize, metals become superconductors. Thermal conductivity is harnessed in automobile radiators and cooking utensils. Electrical conductivity provides society with the ability to transmit electricity over long distances to provide lights and power in cities remote from electrical generating stations. The circuitry in household appliances, television sets and computers rely on electrical conductivity. Resistance to Wear, Corrosion, Fatigue and Temperature: Metals are hard and durable. They are used in applications sensitive to corrosion such as chemical plants, food preparation, medical applications, plumbing and lead in storage batteries. Wear resistance is critical in bearings for all modes of transportation and in machine tools. Fatigue resistance is the ability to resist breaking after repeated deformation such as bending, which enables the use of metals in springs, levers and gears. Temperature resistance makes metals suitable for jet engines and filaments in light-bulbs. Optical characteristics: Metals are uniformly lustrous and, except for copper and gold, are silvery or greyish. The reason is because all metals absorb light at all frequencies and immediately radiate it. Metals impart mirrors with their reflective surface. The lustre of metals gives them the attractive appearance that is so important in jewellery and coins. Metals provide the intangible, distinctive metallic ring that is associated with coins.

Magnetic Properties:
Ferromagnetism is exhibited by iron and several other metals. In addition, other metals and alloys can be magnetized in an electrical field to exhibit paramagnetism. Magnetic properties are employed in electric motors, generators, and speaker systems for audio equipment. Emission Properties: Metals emit electrons when exposed to radiation (for example: light) of a short wavelength or when heated to sufficiently high temperatures. These phenomena are exploited in television screens, using rare earth oxides and in a variety of electronic devices and instruments. Conversely, the ability of metals such as lead to absorb radiation is employed in shielding. For instance, in the apron provided by dentists during an X-ray examination.


{{Reflist}}

==Trends==

===Across the Period===
Metallic behavior tends to decrease from the left of the period to the right, due to the increasing number of valence electrons and the decreasing atomic radius.

===Across the Group===
Metallic behavior tends to increase from top to bottom, due to the increase in the number of electron shells and atomic radius.

==Coordination Compounds==
The interpretation of spectra of coordination compounds is important in identifying the lowest energy form. First, the energy levels are sketched to show the d electrons. Then the spin multiplicity of the lowest-energy state is equal to the number of unpaired electrons. The maximum possible M1 values for the configuration are determined, which determines the ground term. The selection rules are stated as:
1) The bonds in transition metal complexes vibrate so that they may temporarily change their geometry. This is called vibronic coupling, which provide a vibration that distorts the central atom. This is called the Laporte selection rule. 
2) Tetrahedral complexes often absorb more strongly than octahedral compleses of the same metal. The sigma bonding in transition metal complexes can be described as a mixing of p-orbital character. 
3) Spin-orbit coupling provides a mechanism for the second selection rule, which states that transitions between states of different spins are not allowed. This is called the spin selection rule. 

==References==
# Silberberg, Martin S. Principles of General Chemistry. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2007. Print.
Miessler, Gary. Inorganic Chemistry. 4th Edition.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>c86raqhynuwxjxan0pvc6odvtbcqhrg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Ideal Gas</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282045</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641820</id>
      <parentid>3593786</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:04:25Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641820</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2999" sha1="tqivz4h9s7g0dzoa032x3fxhnfhz8eo" xml:space="preserve">==Equation of State==

:&lt;math&gt;PV = nRT&lt;/math&gt;

Ideal gas: A hypothetical gas that exhibits linear relationships among volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) at all conditions; approximately by simple gases at ordinary conditions.
Although no ideal gas actually exists, most simple gases, such as N2, O2, H2, and the noble gases, show nearly ideal behavior at ordinary temperatures and pressures. 
Ideal gas law: An equation that expresses the relationships among volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) of an ideal gas: PV=nRT. 


==Types==
There are three basic classes of ideal gas:
* the classical or Maxwell-Boltzmann ideal gas,
* the ideal quantum Bose gas, composed of bosons, and
* the ideal quantum Fermi gas, composed of fermions.

The classical ideal gas can be separated into two types: The classical thermodynamic ideal gas and the ideal quantum Boltzmann gas. Both are essentially the same, except that the classical thermodynamic ideal gas is based on classical statistical mechanics, and certain thermodynamic parameters such as the entropy are only specified to within an undetermined additive constant. The ideal quantum Boltzmann gas overcomes this limitation by taking the limit of the quantum Bose gas and quantum Fermi gas in the limit of high temperature to specify these additive constants. The behavior of a quantum Boltzmann gas is the same as that of a classical ideal gas except for the specification of these constants. The results of the quantum Boltzmann gas are used in a number of cases including the Sackur-Tetrode equation for the entropy of an ideal gas and the Saha ionization equation for a weakly ionized plasma.

=Internal Energy= 
a function of temperature only&lt;br /&gt;
U = U(T)&lt;br /&gt;

Internal energy: is the total of kinetic and potential energies of all the particles in a system.

=Implied Property Relations for an Ideal Gas=
C_v is a function of temperature only&lt;br /&gt;

C_(v )≡(∂U/∂T)_v=  dU(T)/dT= C_v (T) &lt;br /&gt;
H is a function of temperature only&lt;br /&gt;

H ≡U+PV=U(T)+RT=H(T) &lt;br /&gt;
C_p is a function of temperature only&lt;br /&gt;

C_p=  dH/dT=  dU/dT+R=C_v+R&lt;br /&gt;
Any change of state of an ideal gas &lt;br /&gt;
dU = C_(v ) dT    ∆U= ∫▒C_(v )  dT&lt;br /&gt;
dH = C_(p dT)     ∆H= ∫▒C_(p )  dT    &lt;br /&gt;

Some facts about Ideal Gas Law: The ideal gas law can be rearranged to calculate the density and molar mass of a gas. Also, in a mixture of gases, each component contributes its own partial pressure to the total pressure (this is also called the Dalton's law of partial pressures). The mole fraction of each component is the ratio of its partial pressure to the total pressure. The most important idea is that the total pressure is the sum of the gas pressure and the vapor pressure of water at the given temperature when a gas is in contact with the water. [The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change].

=== Reference ===
Silberberg, Martin S. Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change. 5th ed. 2009

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>tqivz4h9s7g0dzoa032x3fxhnfhz8eo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641821</id>
      <parentid>4641820</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:05:12Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641821</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3003" sha1="323k1bfok15m6kiyi2726hdvuvq3jz9" xml:space="preserve">==Equation of State==

:&lt;math&gt;PV = nRT&lt;/math&gt;

Ideal gas: A hypothetical gas that exhibits linear relationships among volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) at all conditions; approximately by simple gases at ordinary conditions.
Although no ideal gas actually exists, most simple gases, such as N2, O2, H2, and the noble gases, show nearly ideal behavior at ordinary temperatures and pressures. 
Ideal gas law: An equation that expresses the relationships among volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) of an ideal gas: PV=nRT. 


==Types==
There are three basic classes of ideal gas:
* the classical or Maxwell-Boltzmann ideal gas,
* the ideal quantum Bose gas, composed of bosons, and
* the ideal quantum Fermi gas, composed of fermions.

The classical ideal gas can be separated into two types: The classical thermodynamic ideal gas and the ideal quantum Boltzmann gas. Both are essentially the same, except that the classical thermodynamic ideal gas is based on classical statistical mechanics, and certain thermodynamic parameters such as the entropy are only specified to within an undetermined additive constant. The ideal quantum Boltzmann gas overcomes this limitation by taking the limit of the quantum Bose gas and quantum Fermi gas in the limit of high temperature to specify these additive constants. The behavior of a quantum Boltzmann gas is the same as that of a classical ideal gas except for the specification of these constants. The results of the quantum Boltzmann gas are used in a number of cases including the Sackur-Tetrode equation for the entropy of an ideal gas and the Saha ionization equation for a weakly ionized plasma.

==Internal Energy= =
a function of temperature only&lt;br /&gt;
U = U(T)&lt;br /&gt;

Internal energy: is the total of kinetic and potential energies of all the particles in a system.

==Implied Property Relations for an Ideal Gas==
C_v is a function of temperature only&lt;br /&gt;

C_(v )≡(∂U/∂T)_v=  dU(T)/dT= C_v (T) &lt;br /&gt;
H is a function of temperature only&lt;br /&gt;

H ≡U+PV=U(T)+RT=H(T) &lt;br /&gt;
C_p is a function of temperature only&lt;br /&gt;

C_p=  dH/dT=  dU/dT+R=C_v+R&lt;br /&gt;
Any change of state of an ideal gas &lt;br /&gt;
dU = C_(v ) dT    ∆U= ∫▒C_(v )  dT&lt;br /&gt;
dH = C_(p dT)     ∆H= ∫▒C_(p )  dT    &lt;br /&gt;

Some facts about Ideal Gas Law: The ideal gas law can be rearranged to calculate the density and molar mass of a gas. Also, in a mixture of gases, each component contributes its own partial pressure to the total pressure (this is also called the Dalton's law of partial pressures). The mole fraction of each component is the ratio of its partial pressure to the total pressure. The most important idea is that the total pressure is the sum of the gas pressure and the vapor pressure of water at the given temperature when a gas is in contact with the water. [The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change].

=== Reference ===
Silberberg, Martin S. Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change. 5th ed. 2009

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>323k1bfok15m6kiyi2726hdvuvq3jz9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641822</id>
      <parentid>4641821</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:05:29Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* =Internal Energy= */</comment>
      <origin>4641822</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3002" sha1="q5w75hb5quyp2vv8nfi43rvsy77emfg" xml:space="preserve">==Equation of State==

:&lt;math&gt;PV = nRT&lt;/math&gt;

Ideal gas: A hypothetical gas that exhibits linear relationships among volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) at all conditions; approximately by simple gases at ordinary conditions.
Although no ideal gas actually exists, most simple gases, such as N2, O2, H2, and the noble gases, show nearly ideal behavior at ordinary temperatures and pressures. 
Ideal gas law: An equation that expresses the relationships among volume, pressure, temperature, and amount (mol) of an ideal gas: PV=nRT. 


==Types==
There are three basic classes of ideal gas:
* the classical or Maxwell-Boltzmann ideal gas,
* the ideal quantum Bose gas, composed of bosons, and
* the ideal quantum Fermi gas, composed of fermions.

The classical ideal gas can be separated into two types: The classical thermodynamic ideal gas and the ideal quantum Boltzmann gas. Both are essentially the same, except that the classical thermodynamic ideal gas is based on classical statistical mechanics, and certain thermodynamic parameters such as the entropy are only specified to within an undetermined additive constant. The ideal quantum Boltzmann gas overcomes this limitation by taking the limit of the quantum Bose gas and quantum Fermi gas in the limit of high temperature to specify these additive constants. The behavior of a quantum Boltzmann gas is the same as that of a classical ideal gas except for the specification of these constants. The results of the quantum Boltzmann gas are used in a number of cases including the Sackur-Tetrode equation for the entropy of an ideal gas and the Saha ionization equation for a weakly ionized plasma.

==Internal Energy==
a function of temperature only&lt;br /&gt;
U = U(T)&lt;br /&gt;

Internal energy: is the total of kinetic and potential energies of all the particles in a system.

==Implied Property Relations for an Ideal Gas==
C_v is a function of temperature only&lt;br /&gt;

C_(v )≡(∂U/∂T)_v=  dU(T)/dT= C_v (T) &lt;br /&gt;
H is a function of temperature only&lt;br /&gt;

H ≡U+PV=U(T)+RT=H(T) &lt;br /&gt;
C_p is a function of temperature only&lt;br /&gt;

C_p=  dH/dT=  dU/dT+R=C_v+R&lt;br /&gt;
Any change of state of an ideal gas &lt;br /&gt;
dU = C_(v ) dT    ∆U= ∫▒C_(v )  dT&lt;br /&gt;
dH = C_(p dT)     ∆H= ∫▒C_(p )  dT    &lt;br /&gt;

Some facts about Ideal Gas Law: The ideal gas law can be rearranged to calculate the density and molar mass of a gas. Also, in a mixture of gases, each component contributes its own partial pressure to the total pressure (this is also called the Dalton's law of partial pressures). The mole fraction of each component is the ratio of its partial pressure to the total pressure. The most important idea is that the total pressure is the sum of the gas pressure and the vapor pressure of water at the given temperature when a gas is in contact with the water. [The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change].

=== Reference ===
Silberberg, Martin S. Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change. 5th ed. 2009

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>q5w75hb5quyp2vv8nfi43rvsy77emfg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Chemistry of important organic molecules in Biochemistry/Vitamin E</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282817</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641823</id>
      <parentid>4631487</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:07:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641823</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3783" sha1="ovti5kdpa2v85667kesw13difb8cvfb" xml:space="preserve">[[File:Tocopherol, alpha-.svg|500px|center]]

==Overview of Vitamin E==

Vitamin E is a name collectively for a group of fat-soluble compounds that contain antioxidant distinctive activities. It can be found in vegetable oils, nuts, seeds, green vegetables like broccoli, or taken as a dietary supplement. Vitamin E exists in 8 chemical forms; alpha, beta, and delta-tocopherol and alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-tocotrienol. In general, Vitamin E is a fat-soluble antioxidant that prevents the production of ROS formed during the process of the oxidation of fat. Scientists are currently investigating whether vitamin E could help prevent or slow the chronic diseases associated with free radicals.

Deficiency in vitamin E can cause nerve and muscle damage to the point of loss of feeling in arms and legs, muscle weakness, and vision problems. It can also result in a weakened immune system. Vitamin E deficiency can be linked to diseases like Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis as these are diseases where fat is not properly absorbed/digested. It can also be linked to a few genetic diseases like abetalipoproteinemia.

The most common forms of Vitamin E in a natural diet is γ-tocopherol followed by α-Tocopherol.  &lt;ref&gt;Jane Higdon, &quot;Vitamin E&quot;, Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University&lt;/ref&gt;

http://www.uic.edu/classes/phar/phar332/Clinical_Cases/vitamin%20cases/vitamin%20E/vit-E.gif

==Function==
Vitamin E has many important biological functions which include:&lt;ref&gt; Azzi (2007). &quot;Molecular mechanism of alpha-tocopherol action&quot;. Free radical biology &amp; medicine 43 (1): 16–21. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.03.013. {{PMID|17561089}}.&lt;/ref&gt;
# Vitamin E is an antioxidant.
# Enzymatic Activities
# Gene Expression
# Neurological Functions
# Cell Signaling
# Protects Lipids and Prevents Oxidation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

==Forms==
Vitamin E has 8 forms split between two types - Tocopherols and Tocotrienols.  These forms are then named with prefixes such as alpha, beta, gamma, and delta.  Among these forms, α-Tocopherol is the most studied as it is the form which humans consume and require. &lt;ref&gt;Jane Higdon, &quot;Vitamin E&quot;, Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University&lt;/ref&gt;

===α-Tocopherol===
Alpha Tocopherol appears to mainly serve as an antioxidant in humans.  As alpha-tocopherol is a fat soluble molecule it takes on the role of preventing free radicals from destroying (through oxidation) fats in the body.  As fats are essential for cell membranes, this is very important for our bodies hence why it is a Vitamin.

Other functions that alpha-tocopherol has include inhibiting the activity of protein kinase C.  Protein kinase C is an important molecule for cell-signaling.  Alpha-tocopherol also affects the activity of enzymes in immune and inflammatory cells.

===γ-Tocopherol===
Gamma Tocopherol is the most common form of Vitamin E in a North American diet.  However, its function is not as well known as alpha tocopherol and surprisingly its concentration levels in the bloodstream is around 1/10th of alpha-tocopherol.  It would appear that the reason for this is that alpha-tocopherol lowers gamma-tocopherol levels.  Through limited studies, it has been suggested that gamma-tocopherol may act as an antioxidant as well.  However, gamma-tocopherol is also suspected to increase risk of developing prostate cancer.  More research on Gamma Tocopherol needs to be conducted at this point.

==References==

1. &quot;Vitamin E.&quot; â Health Professional Fact Sheet. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Dec. 2012.
&lt;references/&gt;

2. &quot;Dietary Supplement Fact Sheet:Vitamin E&quot;. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminE-QuickFacts/?print=1

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ovti5kdpa2v85667kesw13difb8cvfb</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Significant Figures</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282843</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641856</id>
      <parentid>3117627</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:24:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641856</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3002" sha1="d18okpsu0lwle0llz9ujckdpv51l4dt" xml:space="preserve">==Overview==
Significant Figures are the significant number of digits used to take measurements or used in calculations. Most digits are actually significant. Zero is the only digit that is not significant. They are only used to position the decimal points. &lt;br/&gt;

There are three steps needed to satisfy significant figures. &lt;br/&gt;
1.	The measured quantity must have a decimal point &lt;br/&gt;
2.	Start left, then move right to the first nonzero digit &lt;br/&gt;
3.	That digit must be counted and every digit to its right is considered significant &lt;br/&gt;

==Complication==
Zeros that end a number &amp; lie either before or after the decimal points are considered significant. &lt;br/&gt;

==Examples of Significant Figures==
4 significant figures &lt;br/&gt;
5.080 kM &lt;br/&gt;
9820. kM &lt;br/&gt;
5.080 x 10^3 M &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
3 significant figures &lt;br/&gt;
3.00	x 10^2 mL &lt;br/&gt;
900. mL &lt;br/&gt;
0.300 L &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
2 significant figures &lt;br/&gt;
9800 mL &lt;br/&gt;
5.90 x 10^3 L &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
1 significant figure &lt;br/&gt;
500 mL &lt;br/&gt;
4 L &lt;br/&gt;

==Significant Figures in Calculations==
Many times there are too many significant figures, so we round off the answer to get the proper number of them. &lt;br/&gt;
The least measurement usually sets the limit for the entire calculation which determines the number of significant figures in the final answer. &lt;br/&gt;

==Significant Figures in Arithmetic Operations==
1.	Multiplication &amp; Division &lt;br/&gt;
The answer has the same amount of significant figures as the measurement with the fewest significant figures. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
Example: 2 mL x 4.3 mL x 22.29 mL = 2 x 10^2 mL &lt;br/&gt;
	   2000. mL / 10. = 20. X 10^1 mL &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
2.	Addition &amp; Subtraction &lt;br/&gt;
The answer has the same amount of significant figures as there are in the measurement with the fewest decimal place. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
Example: 22.2 mL + 22.22 mL = 44. 4 mL &lt;br/&gt;
	   23.2 mL – 10.00 mL = 13.2 mL &lt;br/&gt;

==Rounding Off Rules==
1. If the number is &gt;5, the next number increases by 1. &lt;br/&gt;
986.567 rounds to 986.57 for 5 significant figures or 985.6 for 4 significant figures. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
2. If the number is &lt;5, the next number stays the same. &lt;br/&gt;
.2921 rounds to .292 for 3 significant figures or .29 for 2 significant figures. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
3. If the number is =5, the next number increase by 1 if it is odd and stays the same if it is even. &lt;br/&gt;
18.75 rounds to 18.8, but 18.65 rounds to 18.6 &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
4. One or more additional significant figures must be carried throughout calculations. Only final
answer should be rounded. &lt;br/&gt;

==Exact Numbers==
Exact numbers have no uncertainty and many times are constants. &lt;br/&gt;
They do not limit the number of significant figures in the answer. &lt;br/&gt;
Many times the exact number will have as many significant figures as the calculation is required. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
Example: 48 hours in 1 day. 60 minutes in 1 hour. 60 seconds in 1 minute. 26 letters in the English alphabet. &lt;br/&gt;

==Resources==
Silberberg, Martin S. Principles of General Chemistry. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2007. Print.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>d18okpsu0lwle0llz9ujckdpv51l4dt</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Three Domains of Life/Eukarya/Community Ecology</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282848</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641858</id>
      <parentid>3117649</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:26:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641858</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8165" sha1="32jbgfs4pac5vtgg9o7rfz9bct9ipgq" xml:space="preserve">==Community Ecology:==

A community is a group of different species of organisms that live close enough together that they influence each other. There are two different hypothesis of why there are communities of organisms in ecosystems. The first hypothesis, integrated hypothesis,  was made by F.E. Clements, who’s idea was that a community depended on the interactions between the organisms that allowed organisms to survive together. The second hypothesis, independent hypothesis, was made by Henry Allan Gleason, who believed that a community consisted of organisms who have the same living essential requirements. For example, this means that animals who share the same food source will live close to each other since they both must live near the food source in order to survive.

&lt;u&gt;Species Interactions:&lt;/u&gt;

In a community, organisms of different species interact with each other, resulting in positive or negative effects for each species. These types of interactions are divided into four groups: competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis. 

1.	'''Competition.''' Competition is an interaction between different species when they compete for the same limited resource in the environment. Competition brings negative effects for both competing parties since each species does not have full control of the resource. In fact, when competition is strong between two species for the same limited resource, one species will adapt to use the resource more efficiently and reproduce rapidly. Over time, this species will eventually out produce the competing species, leading to the death of the other species. This phenomenon is called competitive exclusion. If two species require the same limiting resource in an ecosystem, these two species cannot coexist together.


2.	'''Predation.''' Predation is the interaction between different species where one species is the predator, and it kills and eats the other species, the prey. This interaction benefits the predator since the predator gets the nutrients from the prey in order to survive and reproduce. This interaction brings about the adaptations for both the predator and the prey. Predators adapt by having sharp claws, teeth, fangs, or poison to catch and kill their prey. On the other hand, prey have adapted to prevent themselves from being killed by predators by adapting their speed, color, mimicry, and shell. Some animals have skin colors that camouflage them with the surroundings to hide from predators. Many animals synthesize toxins and poisons that make them dangerous if eaten by a predator. These animals display aposematic coloration, which are bright colors that warn predators that they are poisonous to eat. Furthermore, prey species often display mimicry, which is displaying colorations or traits that resemble other species. In Batesian mimicry, a harmless species looks like a harmful species, which prevents predators from eating them. In Mullerian mimicry, two poisonous species resemble each other in order to teach the predator that they are dangerous to eat. Prey have adapted to hide from predators or warn predators that they are dangerous to eat.


3.	'''Herbivory.''' Herbivory is the interaction between an organism and a plant. The organism eats parts of the plants to get their nutrients. As a result, since plants do not have the ability to flee from an herbivore, plants have adapted by growing thorns and spikes as well as producing poisonous toxins to warn and prevent herbivores from eating them. In response, some animals and insects have sensors that allow them to distinguish between poisonous and delicious plants. Some herbivores also have specialized cells in their digestive systems that help them to digest the tough cellulose and cell walls of the plants. 


4.	'''Symbiosis.''' Symbiosis is a relationship between two species that directly affect each other. There are three types of symbiosis. The first is parasitism, where one species leeches off another species. The leeching species is the parasite, and it steals the nutrients from the other species, the host. As a result, the host is harmed since it loses part of its nutrients to the parasite. Furthermore, the parasite oftentimes changes the behavior of its host that eventually causes the death of the host. For example, ticks live on moose and suck on the blood of the moose. It also causes hair loss on the moose, which could further cause the death of the moose in the winter due to the cold weather. Another type of symbiosis is mutualism, which is an interaction between two or more species where both species benefit. Both species help each other out to receive more nutrients than they would have received if they were alone. For example, the mutual relationship between fungi and plant roots allows the fungi to receive nutrients and sugars from the plant while it helps the plant absorb additional nutrients from the soil. Another example of mutualism is the relationship between trees and ants. The tree provides food as well as shelter for the ants, while the ants provide protection to the tree. Day and night, the ants patrol the tree and attack potential herbivores. As a result, the ants help the tree survive longer. The third type of symbiosis is commensalisms, where the interaction between two species benefits one species without affecting the second species. These interactions are rare since most interactions will always have an effect on both species. Several examples of commensalisms occur when one species latches onto another species for a “free ride.” Algae oftentimes thrive on shells of turtles. As the turtle swims from one area to another, the algae are able to get to different areas in the ocean. 


&lt;u&gt;Trophic Structure&lt;/u&gt;

A trophic structure is the structure of the feeding structures between organisms in an ecosystem. A food chain depicts the order of which predators eat prey, but more importantly, food chains show the path that food energy is transferred between organisms and returned to the system in a cycle to recycle nutrients in the ecosystem. Energy from the autotrophs are transferred to herbivores and carnivores as they are eaten. When these animals die, they are decomposed by fungi and bacteria, which returns the nutrients to the ground to be used again by plants. This cycle ensures that the supply of food energy will not be depleted. Many food chains are connected together to form a food web, which depicts the relationships between organisms and show which organisms will eat other organisms. Food webs show the important relationships between each organism, and if one organism were to be removed, it would cause disastrous effects on the rest of the organisms in the community since many other organisms depend on the organism for food. 

Many species play an important role in the community. The most highly abundant species is the dominant species. These species affect their community by causing other species to adapt around them. For example, if a certain type of tree is the most abundant in a community, it controls the shade and the amount of nutrients that are available in the soil. If this tree were to be removed, many species that depended on the tree for food may decrease and even become extinct. Another type of species are the keystone species, which are species that have huge influential power on the community. For example, sea otters prey on sea urchins, and sea urchins prey on kelp. When there are lots of sea otter in a section of water, the population of kelp is high, but when the otter are present, the sea urchins will quickly prey on the kelp, and there will be a low amount of kelp in the community. Finally, the ecosystem engineers are the species in the community that change the physical environment. Beavers are a huge example of ecosystem engineers since they use trees and branches to build dams and slow down the flow of water through a community ecosystem. As a result, ponds can form, and different species of organisms can thrive in the pond.


&lt;u&gt;'''Reference:'''&lt;/u&gt;
Reece, Jane B., and Neil A. Campbell. Campbell Biology. Harlow: Pearson Education, 2011. Print.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>32jbgfs4pac5vtgg9o7rfz9bct9ipgq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/How to Construct Molecular Orbital Diagram</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282853</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641836</id>
      <parentid>3663466</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:11:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641836</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="8180" sha1="ituc2glmqs9dtdq4hds7icpfrivlscq" xml:space="preserve">==General steps==
1.	First, determine the point group of the molecule.

2.	Draw out the orbitals of the central atoms.

3.	Determine the irreducible representation of the orbitals of the central atoms

4.	Draw out the possible bonding interaction of the orbitals from the peripheral atoms

5.	Determine the reducible representation of the orbitals of the peripheral atoms

6.	From the reducible representation, determine the irreducible representation of the orbitals of the peripheral atoms

7.	Determine the orbital energies from a table.

8.	Place the orbitals on the energy scale, qualitatively.

9.	Start forming bonding, non-bonding, and antibonding interaction
.
Remember ONLY ORBITALS THAT HAVE THE SAME IRREDUCIBLE MULLIKEN SYMBOL AND POINT AT THE RIGHT DIRECTION CAN THEY FORM A BONDING INTERACTION. 

10.	Fill in the electrons

Things to remember:

# The left side is the metal center. The right side of the diagram is for ligands.

# Non bonding pairs do not bond. Therefore they move right into the center of the diagram, not changing height. This is for non bonding electrons and such.
 
# Count all electrons donated by ligands and metal center before filling in the center bonding electrons.
 
# Remember that for every non bonding orbital there will be a bonding orbital.
 
# Symmetry adapted linear combination models will illuminate how the molecule looks while bonding. What electron densities are charged etc.

Molecular orbital diagrams are done to help us gain a better understanding of the molecule in terms of binding and interactions. There is Bond Order that is determined in a Molecular orbital diagram. The bond order describes number of bonds between a distinct pair of atoms. Lewis dot structures are used to calculate a bond order, or there is also a method using a molecular orbital diagram and it's orbitals. 

Bond order = [bonding electrons - non bonding electrons] / 2

Molecular orbital diagrams also tell if a specific molecule is magnetic or not. A molecule is either paramagnetic or diamagnetic. Paramagnetic means the molecule has an electron without the opposite spin pair. This ultimately leads to the molecule displaying magnetic characteristics. Diamagnetic means all of the electrons in the molecular orbital diagram is paired. Therefore having no magnetic qualities. This is important because it shows how we can use the molecular orbital diagram as a tool to tell us real characteristics of a molecule. The molecular orbital diagrams is a tool that was created to help us understand and think of molecules binding in a new light. Ultimately it does not show the overall complexity involved in bonding, but helps provide foundations of understanding to students. &lt;ref name=&quot;Molecular orbital diagrams&quot;&gt;[http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch8/mo.html molecular orbital diagrams], November 14th, 2012.&lt;/ref&gt;

{{Reflist}}

==Example Water==
[[File:water molecule.svg|thumb|center|Add caption here]]

1.	Water belongs to C2v point group. Refer to point group.
Below is the character table of C2v point group


2.	The orbitals of central atom, oxygen, is as followed, 


3.	In order to determine the irreducible representations of these s and p orbitals, the symmetry operations must be done individually on the orbitals. If the orbital does not change sign, the character returns a +1 for the symmetry operation. If the orbital changes sign, the character returns a -1 for the symmetry operation.
a.	S orbital has A1 for the Mulliken symbol

b.	Px orbital has B1 for the Mulliken symbol

c.	Py orbital has B2 for the Mulliken symbol

d.	Pz orbital has A1 for the Mulliken symbol

These Mulliken symbols for the P orbitals are also given by the second to last column by the character table.

4.	Since hydrogen atom belongs to the first period, there is only s orbital involved in bonding. S orbitals exhibit solely sigma bonding.


5.	Now, we need to determine the reducible representation of the orbitals above. Remember, there are TWO orbitals in the figure above, so there a total of TWO SALCS.
If the symmetry operation does not change the orbital position = +1
If the symmetry operation changes the orbital position = 0
If the symmetry operation does not change the position, but changes sign = -1
Remember, changing position takes precedence than changing sign


6.	To determine the irreducible representation from the reducible representation, some educated guess can be done. First of all, the central S orbital must almost always involve in sigma bonding, so one of the irreducible representation must be A1. If A1 is determined, then B1 can be determined by simple arithmetic.

7.	The S orbitals from hydrogen atom have -13.61eV of energy.
The S orbital from oxygen has -32.38 eV of energy, and the P orbitals have -15.85 eV.

8.	The scale is in electron volts (eV)


9.	Now we are able to connect the lines to form the complete molecular orbital diagram


I.	The A1 SALC together with A1 on the central atom form the lowest 1a1 bonding orbital and 3a1 antibonding orbital. The bonding orbital must have lower energy than both A1 from the central atom and A1 from the SALC. The antibonding orbital must have higher energy than both A1 from the central atom and A1 from the SALC. 

II.	The B1 SALC together with B1 on the central atom form 1b1 bonding orbital and 2b1 antiboding orbital.

III.	Because 2S and 2Pz on the central atom have the same Mulliken symbol, they mix to form 2a1. The mixing lower the energy of Pz orbital.

IV.	Because there is no corresponding B2 orbital of the SALC, B2 on the central becomes nonbonding.

On the right, are the corresponding figures of the orbitals. 
Note that 1a1 has more central atom contribution than the SALC because the bonding molecular orbital is closer in energy than the SALC. On the contrary, 2b1 has more SALC contribution than the central atom because the antibonding molecular orbital is closer in energy to the SALC.

10.	On the left side, the central atom, oxygen has 6 valance electrons. Fill the electrons from bottom to top according to Hund’s Rule. On the other hand, the SALCs only have 2 electrons because each H atom donates 1 electron. As the result, there are 8 electrons in the system. Then, they can be filled from bottom to top in the molecular diagram.

Now we have a complete molecular orbital diagram of the water molecule. 

Note that there are two lone pairs in water molecule in Lewis dot structure. 

[[File:Eau cram pointilles et hachures.svg|thumb|center|Add caption here]]

So, how do we locate these two lone pairs in the molecular orbital diagram? The obvious one is the one in non-bonding orbital, which is the b2 orbital. The other one would be the bonding orbital, 1a1. Even though 1a1 is a bonding orbital, it also has some non-bonding character because the S orbital on the central atom is used way less than 50% in forming the 1a1 bonding. The S orbital only contributes less than 50% of its orbital in forming 1a1 bonding orbital because it is too low in energy.

Because 1a1 and b2 are really close in energy to the S orbital and the P orbitals in oxygen, these two molecular orbitals are more oxygen in character. As the result, the electrons located in these two orbitals are located on the oxygen, not on the hydrogen. This theory corresponds really well with Lewis’ theory.

==References==
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Character Tables, Irreducible Representations of Central Atom.&quot; Lecture 9. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;SALCs, Molecular Orbital Diagrams, and High Symmetry Point Groups.&quot; Lecture 10. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;More SALC’s Molecular Orbital Diagrams and High Symmetry Point Groups.&quot; Lecture 11. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Molecular Orbital Diagrams Featuring and Pi-Bonding and High Symmetry Point Groups.&quot; Lecture 13. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Degenerate Orbitals, Methods for Determining Irreducible Representations and SALCs.&quot; Lecture 14. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ituc2glmqs9dtdq4hds7icpfrivlscq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Reduction Formula and Projection Operator</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282854</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641840</id>
      <parentid>4193210</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:13:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641840</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7153" sha1="toqafywrpkbbhlhmt447b2l8drfvfs2" xml:space="preserve">==Reduction Formula==
When the system gets far too complicated, i.e. more than 3 peripheral atoms, then it is hard to reduce the reducible representation to irreducible representations. To overcome this, a formula can be used to calculate the irreducible representations.
The formula is as followed:
(# of irreducible representations of a given type) = (1/order)*sum of [ (# operations in class) * (character of reducible representation) * (character of irreducible representation)]

where order = sum of operation of all classes

==Example: Ammonia==
Below is the sigma framework of ammonia peripheral atoms.


Ammonia belongs to C3v point group.

C3v point group character table is given below.


The reducible representation are as followed:


Because there are three orbitals going in, there are three SALCs coming out.

Now the reduction formula can be applied to find the irreducible representations of the SALCs.
nA1 = 1/6 [(1)(3)(1) + (2)(0)(1) + (3)(1)(1)] = 1
This means that there is one A1 SALC in the irreducible representation
The order of this point group is 6 because the coefficient of E, C3, SigmaV are 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and the sum of these coefficients is 6.
1.	The first 1 in first term represents the coefficient of E in the character table.

2.	The 3 in first term represents the character in the reducible representation

3.	The second 1 in first term represents the character in the character table

4.	The 2 in second term represents the coefficient of C3 in the character table.

5.	The 0 in the second term represents the character in the reducible representation

6.	The 1 in the second term represents the character in the irreducible representation

7.	The 3 in the third term represents the coefficient of SigmaV in the character table

8.	The first 1 in the third term represents the character in the reducible representation

9.	The second 1 in the third term represents the character in the irreducible representation

The number of irreducible representation of A2 and E can be found with the same fashion.
nA2 = 1/6 [(1)(3)(1) + (2)(0)(1) + (3)(1)(-1) ] = 0
nE = 1/6 [(1)(3)(2) + (2)(0)(-1) + (3)(1)(0) ] = 1

Although there is A1 and only one E, this E SALC actually composed of two SALCS. As the result, in total, we have three SALCs.

=Projection Operator=
Now that we know that ammonia molecule is made up by one A1 and one E SALC sets. How do we know how they look like? Projection operation is a tool to help us visualize the SALCS. It maps the SALCs into its correct orientation according to its symmetry.

The formula for projection operator is as followed:


The SALCs in ammonia, for example, can be found by using this projection operator formula.
There are a few rules to followed in order to use this formula correctly

1.	Name the atoms alphabetically.

2.	Decide whether the primary axis of rotation is counterclockwise or clockwise.

3.	Expand all the symmetry operation

==Example: Ammonia==

The axis of rotation in this case is along the z-axis counterclockwise. Hydrogen A is align with the x-axis. It is important to remember to put one peripheral atom along x or y axis in a three-fold symmetry for convenience.


Now, we first determine how A1 should look like. (You should be able to immediately visualize A1. However, here is a simple demonstration)

(Note that the symmetry operation is expanded to its unique operation.)

First row is focusing on hydrogen A atom.
1.	When E operation is done on hydrogen A, hydrogen A is returned. Then A is multiply by the character from the irreducible representation, which is 1.

2.	When C3 operation counterclockwise is done on hydrogen A, hydrogen B is returned. Then B is multiply by the character from the irreducible representation, which is 1.

3.	When C32 operation counterclockwise is done on hydrogen A, hydrogen C is returned. Then C is multiply by the character from the irreducible representation, which is 1.

4.	When vertical reflection plane operation along hydrogen A is done on hydrogen A, hydrogen A is returned. Then A is multiply by the character from the irreducible representation, which is 1.

5.	When vertical reflection plane operation along hydrogen B is done on hydrogen A, hydrogen C is returned. Then C is multiply by the character from the irreducible representation, which is 1.

6.	When vertical reflection plane operation along hydrogen C is done on hydrogen A, hydrogen B is returned. Then B is multiply by the character from the irreducible representation, which is 1.

Using similar operation focusing on hydrogen B and C, the outcome is the same. (Note: this is because A1 is singly degenerate)

The sum of these operations is
2A + 2B + 2C

Which can be further reduced to A + B + C
As the result, the SALC looks exactly like:

Now, we will determine how the E SALCs would look like, which is not as trivial as the A1 SALC.

Below is the projection operation of the E SALCs

(Note that the coefficients are different because the coefficients from the character table for E is 2 -1 0)

We need to figure out two unique E SALCs from these three equations. This is why we need to put a peripheral atom along one of the axis.
Since hydrogen A is along the x-axis, the first equation is a unique equation.
However, the second unique equation should not contain hydrogen A. In order to get an equation without hydrogen A, the other two equations must subtract each other.
As the result, one of the unique equations is 2A – B – C, while the other one being 3B -3C, which further reduces to B – C.
Now we are ready to draw the E SALCs.


Below is the complete molecular orbital diagram of ammonia. 

In ammonia, the 2S orbital of nitrogen not only forms 1a1 molecular orbital with the A1 SALC but also mixes with 2Pz to form the 2a1 molecular orbital. This orbital is hence known as sp hybridization. Because 2a1 molecular orbital is formed by mixing with the 2S orbital, the orbital is stabilized and hence has lower orbital energy. 

The electrons in the 2a1 molecular orbital are the lone pair on ammonia. This sp hybridized orbital has an inversion center. This inversion center can readily flip the nitrogen as the figure shown below. As the result, there is never a chiral center in amine groups, even though four different constituents are attached to nitrogen.


==References==
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Character Tables, Irreducible Representations of Central Atom.&quot; Lecture 9. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;SALCs, Molecular Orbital Diagrams, and High Symmetry Point Groups.&quot; Lecture 10. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;More SALC’s Molecular Orbital Diagrams and High Symmetry Point Groups.&quot; Lecture 11. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Molecular Orbital Diagrams Featuring and Pi-Bonding and High Symmetry Point Groups.&quot; Lecture 13. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Degenerate Orbitals, Methods for Determining Irreducible Representations and SALCs.&quot; Lecture 14. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>toqafywrpkbbhlhmt447b2l8drfvfs2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641841</id>
      <parentid>4641840</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:13:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Projection Operator */</comment>
      <origin>4641841</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7155" sha1="6onwnphemxr9ovbt6nms4ey3125qy88" xml:space="preserve">==Reduction Formula==
When the system gets far too complicated, i.e. more than 3 peripheral atoms, then it is hard to reduce the reducible representation to irreducible representations. To overcome this, a formula can be used to calculate the irreducible representations.
The formula is as followed:
(# of irreducible representations of a given type) = (1/order)*sum of [ (# operations in class) * (character of reducible representation) * (character of irreducible representation)]

where order = sum of operation of all classes

==Example: Ammonia==
Below is the sigma framework of ammonia peripheral atoms.


Ammonia belongs to C3v point group.

C3v point group character table is given below.


The reducible representation are as followed:


Because there are three orbitals going in, there are three SALCs coming out.

Now the reduction formula can be applied to find the irreducible representations of the SALCs.
nA1 = 1/6 [(1)(3)(1) + (2)(0)(1) + (3)(1)(1)] = 1
This means that there is one A1 SALC in the irreducible representation
The order of this point group is 6 because the coefficient of E, C3, SigmaV are 1, 2, and 3, respectively, and the sum of these coefficients is 6.
1.	The first 1 in first term represents the coefficient of E in the character table.

2.	The 3 in first term represents the character in the reducible representation

3.	The second 1 in first term represents the character in the character table

4.	The 2 in second term represents the coefficient of C3 in the character table.

5.	The 0 in the second term represents the character in the reducible representation

6.	The 1 in the second term represents the character in the irreducible representation

7.	The 3 in the third term represents the coefficient of SigmaV in the character table

8.	The first 1 in the third term represents the character in the reducible representation

9.	The second 1 in the third term represents the character in the irreducible representation

The number of irreducible representation of A2 and E can be found with the same fashion.
nA2 = 1/6 [(1)(3)(1) + (2)(0)(1) + (3)(1)(-1) ] = 0
nE = 1/6 [(1)(3)(2) + (2)(0)(-1) + (3)(1)(0) ] = 1

Although there is A1 and only one E, this E SALC actually composed of two SALCS. As the result, in total, we have three SALCs.

==Projection Operator==
Now that we know that ammonia molecule is made up by one A1 and one E SALC sets. How do we know how they look like? Projection operation is a tool to help us visualize the SALCS. It maps the SALCs into its correct orientation according to its symmetry.

The formula for projection operator is as followed:


The SALCs in ammonia, for example, can be found by using this projection operator formula.
There are a few rules to followed in order to use this formula correctly

1.	Name the atoms alphabetically.

2.	Decide whether the primary axis of rotation is counterclockwise or clockwise.

3.	Expand all the symmetry operation

==Example: Ammonia==

The axis of rotation in this case is along the z-axis counterclockwise. Hydrogen A is align with the x-axis. It is important to remember to put one peripheral atom along x or y axis in a three-fold symmetry for convenience.


Now, we first determine how A1 should look like. (You should be able to immediately visualize A1. However, here is a simple demonstration)

(Note that the symmetry operation is expanded to its unique operation.)

First row is focusing on hydrogen A atom.
1.	When E operation is done on hydrogen A, hydrogen A is returned. Then A is multiply by the character from the irreducible representation, which is 1.

2.	When C3 operation counterclockwise is done on hydrogen A, hydrogen B is returned. Then B is multiply by the character from the irreducible representation, which is 1.

3.	When C32 operation counterclockwise is done on hydrogen A, hydrogen C is returned. Then C is multiply by the character from the irreducible representation, which is 1.

4.	When vertical reflection plane operation along hydrogen A is done on hydrogen A, hydrogen A is returned. Then A is multiply by the character from the irreducible representation, which is 1.

5.	When vertical reflection plane operation along hydrogen B is done on hydrogen A, hydrogen C is returned. Then C is multiply by the character from the irreducible representation, which is 1.

6.	When vertical reflection plane operation along hydrogen C is done on hydrogen A, hydrogen B is returned. Then B is multiply by the character from the irreducible representation, which is 1.

Using similar operation focusing on hydrogen B and C, the outcome is the same. (Note: this is because A1 is singly degenerate)

The sum of these operations is
2A + 2B + 2C

Which can be further reduced to A + B + C
As the result, the SALC looks exactly like:

Now, we will determine how the E SALCs would look like, which is not as trivial as the A1 SALC.

Below is the projection operation of the E SALCs

(Note that the coefficients are different because the coefficients from the character table for E is 2 -1 0)

We need to figure out two unique E SALCs from these three equations. This is why we need to put a peripheral atom along one of the axis.
Since hydrogen A is along the x-axis, the first equation is a unique equation.
However, the second unique equation should not contain hydrogen A. In order to get an equation without hydrogen A, the other two equations must subtract each other.
As the result, one of the unique equations is 2A – B – C, while the other one being 3B -3C, which further reduces to B – C.
Now we are ready to draw the E SALCs.


Below is the complete molecular orbital diagram of ammonia. 

In ammonia, the 2S orbital of nitrogen not only forms 1a1 molecular orbital with the A1 SALC but also mixes with 2Pz to form the 2a1 molecular orbital. This orbital is hence known as sp hybridization. Because 2a1 molecular orbital is formed by mixing with the 2S orbital, the orbital is stabilized and hence has lower orbital energy. 

The electrons in the 2a1 molecular orbital are the lone pair on ammonia. This sp hybridized orbital has an inversion center. This inversion center can readily flip the nitrogen as the figure shown below. As the result, there is never a chiral center in amine groups, even though four different constituents are attached to nitrogen.


==References==
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Character Tables, Irreducible Representations of Central Atom.&quot; Lecture 9. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;SALCs, Molecular Orbital Diagrams, and High Symmetry Point Groups.&quot; Lecture 10. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;More SALC’s Molecular Orbital Diagrams and High Symmetry Point Groups.&quot; Lecture 11. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Molecular Orbital Diagrams Featuring and Pi-Bonding and High Symmetry Point Groups.&quot; Lecture 13. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.
Figueroa, Joshua. &quot;Degenerate Orbitals, Methods for Determining Irreducible Representations and SALCs.&quot; Lecture 14. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. Lecture.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>6onwnphemxr9ovbt6nms4ey3125qy88</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Carbon Nanomaterials</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282859</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641831</id>
      <parentid>3117362</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:09:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Carbon Nanomaterials */</comment>
      <origin>4641831</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2546" sha1="bsnx3rcjvksxiqj6crmvdlkfhxakxi7" xml:space="preserve">There are four types of carbon nanomaterial, graphene (a two dimensional sheet of benzene rings), carbon nanotube (a nanosize tube that can be imagined as a rolled-up graphene sheet), fullerenes (a zero dimensional ball), and dimondoid.

The properties of these materials are summarized in the table below.


==Graphene sheet==
The figure shown below is a graphene sheet. It is made up by perfectly align benzene rings. The carbon to carbon bond length is approximately 1.41 angstrom, which is really small. There are rarely any impurities present in graphene sheet. 

Graphene sheet is a perfect conductor. As can be seen from the figure below, graphene sheet has an idealized density of state. There is no gap between HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) such that electrons can be promoted easily from HOMO to LUMO, thus, making it a perfect conductor.
The unit hexagonal cell of graphene contains two carbon atoms and has an area of 0.052 nm^2. We can therefore calculate its density as being 0.77 mg/m^2.
The strength of a 1 m^2 graphene sheet is incredibly high. 1 m^2 graphene sheet, weight less than 1 mg, can hold an object that is up to about 4 kg before it would break.

==Carbon nanotube==
Carbon nanotube can be imagined as a “rolled-up” graphene sheet. Different orientation of rolling, or different chirality, determines the conductivity of the carbon nanotube. There are three types of carbon nanotubes, depending on the chirality, armchair tube, zigzag tube, and chiral tube.


(n,m) represent the unit vector of a graphene structure. The zigzag tube has unit vector of (n,0), the armchair tube has unit vector of (n,n), and the chiral tube has unit vector of (n,m)


The figure above illustrated how the chirality affects the conducting property of the carbon nanotube.
If n – m = 3q, where q is an integer, then the tube is conducting
Otherwise, the tube is semiconducting.

As can be seen from the figure above, Figure a represents the DOE of conducting, and Figure b represents the DOE of semiconducting carbon nanotube.
In Figure a, there is clearly no gap in DOE, making it very easy to promote electrons from lower molecular orbital to higher molecular orbital, hence conducting electricity.
However, in the case of semiconducting nanotube in Figure b, there is clearly a gap from approximately -1 to 1 unit energy, making it hard to promote electrons.

=References=
Tao, Andrea. Lecture 7. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. 14 Oct. 2010.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>bsnx3rcjvksxiqj6crmvdlkfhxakxi7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641832</id>
      <parentid>4641831</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:09:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* References */</comment>
      <origin>4641832</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2548" sha1="49fwmg1pvnx9sb0ksffet1bsnwzwxxj" xml:space="preserve">There are four types of carbon nanomaterial, graphene (a two dimensional sheet of benzene rings), carbon nanotube (a nanosize tube that can be imagined as a rolled-up graphene sheet), fullerenes (a zero dimensional ball), and dimondoid.

The properties of these materials are summarized in the table below.


==Graphene sheet==
The figure shown below is a graphene sheet. It is made up by perfectly align benzene rings. The carbon to carbon bond length is approximately 1.41 angstrom, which is really small. There are rarely any impurities present in graphene sheet. 

Graphene sheet is a perfect conductor. As can be seen from the figure below, graphene sheet has an idealized density of state. There is no gap between HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) such that electrons can be promoted easily from HOMO to LUMO, thus, making it a perfect conductor.
The unit hexagonal cell of graphene contains two carbon atoms and has an area of 0.052 nm^2. We can therefore calculate its density as being 0.77 mg/m^2.
The strength of a 1 m^2 graphene sheet is incredibly high. 1 m^2 graphene sheet, weight less than 1 mg, can hold an object that is up to about 4 kg before it would break.

==Carbon nanotube==
Carbon nanotube can be imagined as a “rolled-up” graphene sheet. Different orientation of rolling, or different chirality, determines the conductivity of the carbon nanotube. There are three types of carbon nanotubes, depending on the chirality, armchair tube, zigzag tube, and chiral tube.


(n,m) represent the unit vector of a graphene structure. The zigzag tube has unit vector of (n,0), the armchair tube has unit vector of (n,n), and the chiral tube has unit vector of (n,m)


The figure above illustrated how the chirality affects the conducting property of the carbon nanotube.
If n – m = 3q, where q is an integer, then the tube is conducting
Otherwise, the tube is semiconducting.

As can be seen from the figure above, Figure a represents the DOE of conducting, and Figure b represents the DOE of semiconducting carbon nanotube.
In Figure a, there is clearly no gap in DOE, making it very easy to promote electrons from lower molecular orbital to higher molecular orbital, hence conducting electricity.
However, in the case of semiconducting nanotube in Figure b, there is clearly a gap from approximately -1 to 1 unit energy, making it hard to promote electrons.

==References==
Tao, Andrea. Lecture 7. University of California, San Diego, La Jolla. 14 Oct. 2010.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>49fwmg1pvnx9sb0ksffet1bsnwzwxxj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Matter</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>282871</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641857</id>
      <parentid>3117515</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:26:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641857</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2220" sha1="7s6bm2gcbbcfkjchda31vw7n0s2rdys" xml:space="preserve">==Properties of Matter==
Matter is…&lt;br/&gt;
consisted of “stuff” &lt;br/&gt;
anything that has mass and volume&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;
Example: &lt;br/&gt;
Cups, Identification Cards, Humans, Sweaters, Air &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

==Composition==
Composition is the simpler substances that make up matter.

==Substance==
Substance has a fixed composition and is a type of matter.

==Properties==
Properties are the characteristics of each substance. &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

Physical Properties &lt;br/&gt;
Physical property is a substance that is shown by itself. There does not need to change into or interact with other substances. They usually require physical change, which is when the substance alters its physical form and not its composition. They are usually the same before and after any changes. &lt;br/&gt;
Water (solid form) -&gt; water (liquid form) &lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt;

Chemical Properties &lt;br/&gt; 
Unlike physical property, chemical property is a substance that requires be changing into or interacting with other substances. They usually have chemical changes or chemical reactions. This is when the substance is converted into a different substance. &lt;br/&gt;
Water -&gt; hydrogen gas + oxygen gas

==3 States of Matter==
1.	Solid &lt;br/&gt;
It has its own fixed shape. &lt;br/&gt;
2.	Liquid &lt;br/&gt;
It conforms to the container; however, it all depends on how much liquid you have in the container. &lt;br/&gt;
3.	Gas &lt;br/&gt;
It also conform the shape and fits to the entire container. It, however, does not form at the surface. &lt;br/&gt;

==Periodic Table==

Atomic Number&lt;br/&gt;
The atomic number is the amount of protons present in the nucleus of the atom.&lt;br/&gt;
Example: Carbons have 6 protons. Therefore, it’s atomic number is 6.&lt;br/&gt;
	  Oxygen has 8 protons. Therefore, it’s atomic number is 8.&lt;br/&gt;

Mass Number&lt;br/&gt;
The mass number is the total amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom.&lt;br/&gt;
Example: Carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. The total number is 12, which is also known as the mass number.&lt;br/&gt;

Atomic Symbol&lt;br/&gt;
The atomic symbol is the symbol for each element in the periodic table.&lt;br/&gt;
Example: Carbon’s atomic symbol is C.&lt;br/&gt;

==Resources==
Silberberg, Martin S. Principles of General Chemistry. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2007. Print.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>7s6bm2gcbbcfkjchda31vw7n0s2rdys</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 15</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>294182</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641965</id>
      <parentid>4641328</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T05:27:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641965</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1531" sha1="m9a8x94os37bgmad1ga7qa51z6jr8p4" xml:space="preserve">{{Chinese (Mandarin)TOC}}
=Lesson 15=

{| width=&quot;80%&quot;
|-
! Simplified characters
! Pīnyīn
|-
|
中国，全称中华人民共和国，&lt;br /&gt;
是一个由五十六个民族组成的国家，&lt;br /&gt;
位于东亚。&lt;br /&gt;
她&lt;ref&gt;&quot;她&quot; is the feminine third person singular pronoun (&quot;she/her&quot;) and is used to represent a female person. Here, it is used as to represent a nation. This “她” could be used to represent nation, natural elements, the planet etc.&lt;/ref&gt;风景秀丽，历史悠久，文化多元，&lt;br /&gt;
这里的人热情好客，他们优美的语言，&lt;br /&gt;
等着你来探索。&lt;br /&gt;
|
Zhōngguó, quánchēng Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó,&lt;br /&gt;
shì yīgè yóu wǔshíliù gè mínzú zǔchéng de guójiā,&lt;br /&gt;
wèiyú dōngyà.&lt;br /&gt;
Tā fēngjǐng xiùlì, lìshǐ yōujiǔ, wénhuà duōyuán,&lt;br /&gt;
zhèlǐ de rén rèqíng hàokè, tāmen yōuměi de yǔyán,&lt;br /&gt;
děngzhe nǐ lái tànsuǒ.&lt;br /&gt;
|}

==English==
China, officially called the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in  which  56 different peoples inhabit, located in East Asia. It has beautiful views, a long history, and diverse culture. The people living there welcome you and their wonderful language is waiting for your exploration.

==Vocabulary==
*共和国    /gòng hé guó/ republic
*东亚 /dōng yà/ East Asia
*秀丽 /xiù lì/ beautiful, pretty
*悠久/ yōu jiǔ/ so long 
*多元 /duō yuán/ diverse
*好客/hào kè/ welcome to 
*探索/ tàn suǒ/ n. exploration verb. explore

==Note==


{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>m9a8x94os37bgmad1ga7qa51z6jr8p4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>359323</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641906</id>
      <parentid>4641029</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T19:01:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Boris1951zz</username>
        <id>3378369</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641906</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26732" sha1="hj7p6i51sdeczxjum62h341oxuw3x2x" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:1%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:1%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;}}
[[File:USA CATALOG LOGO3.png|400px]|center]]

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[[File: USA A2new.jpg|130px]] [[File: USA F1.jpg|240px]] [[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|240px]] [[File: USA E8.jpg|180px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:xx-large; color:BLUE;&quot;&gt;'''''Welcome to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog!'''''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;


&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA A1.jpg|right|190px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;
* In 1897 the United States became the first country in the world to use postage meters on an experimental basis to frank live mail. After years of further experimentation and development postage meters were finally approved for use by the general public in 1920. Experimentation continued long after this date as the machines continued to be improved and perfected. All this activity and fermentation makes the U.S. one of the most interesting and complex countries to collect for postage meter stamps.

* This online edition of ''The United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog'' is an expansion and update of the paper edition, written and published by Joel Hawkins and Rick Stambaugh in 1994 and updated previously in 2001. It uses a new, more logical, decimal system for assigning Type numbers. Type numbers that are different from the earlier edition show the previous designation as follows: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-small; color:blue;&quot;&gt;''Type '''XXX''' in 2001 edition''&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;div style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt; Comments, suggested changes, corrections, and additions to the catalog are encouraged. Email &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt; &quot;''' Alan Knutson'''&quot;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;  boris1951@charter.net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;


----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:medium; color:teal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;'''''Latest changes:'''''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{|
|- 

|style=&quot;width:50%; color: teal;&quot;|
*30  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; usage added, unusually wide label  (Thank you Otto B!)
*23  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.9'''&quot; added &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; (Thank you Mark S!)
*23  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.3C'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.3D'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-E3.8.1'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.8.2'''&quot;
*21  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F2.2'''&quot; added &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; (Thank you Mark H!)
*21  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F2'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-F2.1'''&quot;
*14  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''IA4.1Bb'''&quot; missing last digit of meter number (''61168'')
*1   Jan: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PO-A6.2BB.f'''&quot; with large &quot;'''PO'''&quot; added
*1   Jan: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PO-A6.2BB.b'''&quot; illustration added
*5   Dec: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''QD1c'''&quot; added, &quot;'''CERTIFIED MAIL'''&quot;(Thank you Babs N!)
*5   Dec: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.7.1'''&quot; added, &quot;'''CERTIFIED MAIL'''&quot;(Thank you Frankie S and Otto B!)
*1   Dec: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.7'''&quot; added (Thank you Frankie S and Otto B!)
*11  Nov: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''IA4.6'''&quot; 700000 series added  
*22  Oct: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''HC1.1-5.3'''&quot; added &quot;'''ADD'L 1/4¢ ''' at bottom line of slogan/ad (''9007'')&quot;
*2   Oct: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.3A'''&quot; ''' HAZMAT ''' label added    (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   Oct: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-A1.11'''&quot; added, a version with several differences from the initial issue (Thank you Mark R!!)
*2   Oct: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-A1.1'''&quot; Renumbered to &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot;
*14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''QA7.2.1'''&quot; added, &quot;'''IMI'''&quot;     (Thank you Frankie S!)
*14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''QA7.2'''&quot; renumbered to &quot;'''QA7.2.0'''&quot;
*14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-D4.4'''&quot; added    (Thank you Frankie S!)
*3   Sep: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-AG49'''&quot; &quot;'''Orbitran'''&quot; with complete box  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*1   Sep: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F4.6'''&quot; &quot;'''EASYPOST'''&quot; with &quot;'''POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot;  added   (Thank you Frankie S!)
*1   Sep: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''IC4.1f'''&quot; meter with right digit missing (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*13 Aug: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''DF3.3'''&quot; added meter number to 8c usage [RRRR]   (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*7   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.5'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.5A'''&quot;, &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.5B'''&quot; added   (Thank you Frankie S!)
*5   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PFF4.1'''&quot; added &quot;'''Mrs Lyndon B. Johnson'''&quot;
*2   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-C2.4.4'''&quot; added   (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2D'''&quot; deleted
*29  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''SPE-IA1'''&quot; colors known noted (red or green) (second known example).   (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*20  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PO-B14.1A-3'''&quot; added (Thank you Otto B!)
*18  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-AD31.1A'''&quot; New illustration added  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*18  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-AD30'''&quot; note, illustration added  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*18  Jul: {{space|5}} Group &quot;'''PPS-A'''&quot;  Reorganized
*13  Jul: {{space|5}} Types &quot;'''CA1.2'''&quot; note added, solid filled rectangle in place of permit number (Meisel variety) (Thank you Robert O!)
*23  Jun: {{space|3}} Types &quot;'''OO-K5'''&quot; and &quot;'''QB1.2'''&quot; cross referencees added 
*20  Jun: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''OO-K5'''&quot; added, penalty statement in two lines at right of single line &quot;'''US OFFICIAL MAIL'''&quot; (Thank you Otto B!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9C.0'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-D5.9C.1'''&quot;added &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;(Thank you Frankie S!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.2'''&quot; added F/V indicated above date, &quot;'''USPSIMB'''&quot; font  (Thank you Frankie S!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.1'''&quot; added F/V indicated above date  (Thank you Frankie S!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.0'''&quot;      
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-C8'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Stamps / Endicia'''&quot;  (Thank you Mark M!)
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-D03.1'''&quot; added, &quot;'''TNT Mailfast'''&quot; with meter type LB1.1A    (Thank you Mark M!)
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-Y01'''&quot; added &quot;'''DHL Global Mail'''&quot;
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Added to the biblio. Hawkins, Joel A. &quot;'''State and Local Official Mail/ Official Business Slogan Meter '''&quot;
*30  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A02.4'''&quot; new usage added, new illustration  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*25  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-F1.2'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Easypost'''&quot;       (Thank you Frankie S!)
*20  May: {{space|3}} Slug &quot;'''4f'''&quot; for provisional with space created by removal of ½ between &quot;571&quot; and &quot;P&quot; from &quot;'''SEC 571½ P.L.&amp; R.'''&quot;.
*15  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-6Z01'''&quot; added     (Thank you Harold E!)
*15  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-6Z'''&quot; added &quot;'''Jitsu'''&quot;, a &quot;last mile delivery service&quot;    (Thank you Harold E!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A12.04c'''&quot; added, (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A13.01b'''&quot; New illustration, (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A12.01b'''&quot; New illustration, (will be realigned) (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A56.1'''&quot; new EKU, new usage, new illustration  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*5   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E1.3D'''&quot; Added,      (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''OO-B1'''&quot; illustration added
*2   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-5Z01'''&quot; added &quot;'''OnTrac'''&quot;, a &quot;last mile delivery service&quot;    (Thank you Mark M!)
*26  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A18.02.2'''&quot; usage added (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*24  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A19.06.2A'''&quot; usage and illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*24  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A19.06.2B'''&quot; usage and illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*15  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-F4.5'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Easypost'''&quot;     (Thank you Mark H!)
*15  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.3B'''&quot; usage and illustration added     (Thank you Thomas R!)
*15  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-4Z01'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Too Express'''&quot; a last mile, drone delivery service   (Thank you Harold E!)
*9   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E5.1'''&quot; additional directive usage added     (Thank you Frankie S!)
*5   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D6'''&quot; reorganized, split into &quot;'''PC-D6.0, PC-D6.1.0, PC-D6.1.1'''&quot;
*4   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''QA6.3'''&quot; &quot;'''Neopost'''&quot; &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; added   (Thank you Mark H!)
*4   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''QB5.2A'''&quot; series &quot;00062&quot; under &quot;027H&quot; added    (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E5.1'''&quot; added &quot;'''ENDICIA'''&quot;, &quot;'''IMI'''&quot;    (Thank you Thomas R!)
*2   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E4.1'''&quot; added &quot;'''ENDICIA'''&quot;  (Thank you Karim R!)


|style=&quot;width:50%; color: teal;&quot;|

*


|}

&lt;br&gt;
== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:red; font-size:xx-large;&quot;&gt;'''Table of Contents'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Information for collectors/]]'''&lt;/u&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt; (''the basics of U.S. meter stamp collecting'')&lt;/span&gt;
: •• [[/Postage meters and mailing machines/|Postage meters and mailing machines]]
: •• [[/Meter and Permit numbers/|Meter and Permit numbers]]
: •• [[/Ink colors and fluorescence/|Ink colors and fluorescence]]
: •• [[/Town and date marks/|Town and date marks]]
: •• [[/Surcharge slugs/|Surcharge slugs]]
: •• [[/Essays/Specimens/Proofs/|Essays/Specimens/Proofs]]
: •• [[/Rarity and values/|Rarity and values]]
&lt;/div&gt;

* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Glossary and Abbreviations/]]'''&lt;/u&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt; (''understanding the stamp descriptions'')&lt;/span&gt; 
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Postage Meter Manufacturers (with time chart)/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Adhesive paper tapes/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Directional slugs/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Bibliography/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
----
&lt;br&gt;
::&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt; '''(''Types A through Q represent the general commercial meters available to the public, the groups after Type Q  are for special services or types not generally available to the public,this latter group is not arranged in any particular order, but follow the general order established by Werner Simon.'')'''&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP A – Early experimental franks, prior to 1920/|'''GROUP A – Early experimental franks, prior to 1920''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA meter catalog Group A thumbnail.jpeg|150px]]
* [[/GROUP B – Square frank with wavy lines at the sides/|'''GROUP B – Square frank with wavy lines at the sides''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA B1.jpg|150px]]
* [[/GROUP C – Oval frank with wavy lines at the sides/|'''GROUP C – Oval frank with wavy lines at the sides''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA CA1.jpg|150px]]
* [[/GROUP D – Square or nearly square frank with simulated perforation outer frame/|'''GROUP D – Square or nearly square frank with simulated perforation outer frame''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: Group D thumb.jpg|180px]]
* [[/GROUP E – Frameless design with arcs in the corners/|'''GROUP E – Frameless design with arcs in the corners (NCR)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA E8.jpg|80px]]
* [[/GROUP F – Wide rectangular frank with flying eagle in center/|'''GROUP F – Wide rectangular frank with flying eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA F1.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA F4A.jpg|120px]]
* [[/GROUP G – Wide rectangular frank with sitting eagle in center/|'''GROUP G – Wide rectangular frank with sitting eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA G1.jpg|120px]] [[File: USA G3.jpg|120px]]
* [[/GROUP H – Rectangular frank with simulated perforation frame, separate town mark/|'''GROUP H – Rectangular frank with simulated perforation frame, separate town mark''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA H2.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA H3.jpg|120px]]
* [[/GROUP I – Frameless design with large sitting eagle in center/|'''GROUP I – Frameless design with large sitting eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA IA1.jpg|100px]] [[File: USA IB4.jpg|90px]] [[File: USA IC1.jpg|110px]]
* [[/GROUP J – Square design with straight outer frame, separate town mark/|'''GROUP J – Square design with straight outer frame, separate town mark (Postalia)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA J1.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA J6.jpg|140px]]
* [[/GROUP K – Frank with torch motif/|'''GROUP K – Frank with hand held torch''']] [[File: USA KA2.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA KB1.jpg|100px]][[File: USA KD1.jpg|90px]] [[File: USA KE1.jpg|140px]]
* [[/GROUP L – Frank with profile of eagle/|'''GROUP L – Frank with profile of eagle (Hasler)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA LA1.jpg|120px]] [[File: USA LB1A.jpg|140px]] 
* [[/GROUP M – Simple rectangle with star ornaments/|'''GROUP M – Simple rectangle with stars (Neopost)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA P1.jpg|140px]]
* [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode/|'''GROUP N – Digital stamps without 2D barcode''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group NA – Pitney Bowes, eagle head and wing/|Sub-group NA – Pitney Bowes, eagle head and wing  (also ''LOW VALUE'')]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA M2.jpg|110px]] [[File:USA M5.jpg|120px]] [[File:USA M6A.jpg|120px]]
[[File:USA meter stamp NA examples.jpg|right|240px]]
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode/#Sub-group NB – Neopost-Hasler, frameless rectangular design with profile of eagle at right facing left/|Sub-group NB – Neopost-Hasler, complete profile of eagle facing left]]  [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA LC1.jpg|110px]]
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group NC – Neopost, torch-in-hand/|Sub-group NC – Neopost, torch-in-hand]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA N1.jpg|110px]] [[File:USA N2.jpg|120px]]
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group ND – Francotyp-Postalia, bird in oval/|Sub-group ND – Francotyp-Postalia, bird in oval]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA MB1.jpg|140px]]
&lt;/div&gt;


::&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;'''(''Groups O and P not used to avoid confusion with Groups OO, PC, PO, PD, and PV.'')'''&lt;/span&gt;


* [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode/|'''GROUP Q – Digital stamps with &quot;Datamatrix&quot; or &quot;IBI Lite&quot; 2D barcode''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QA – Neopost-Hasler, Neopost (branded as Neopost, Hasler, or ASCOM Hasler)/|Sub-group QA – Hasler, Neopost-Hasler, Neopost, Quadient]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA meter stamp QA2.jpg|70px]] [[File:USA N3.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA R2A.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA stamp type R8.jpg|150px]]
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QB – Pitney Bowes#/|Sub-group QB – Pitney Bowes]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA M9.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA M13.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA M11.jpg|160px]]
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QC – Francotyp-Postalia/|Sub-group QC – Francotyp-Postalia]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA R5.jpg|130px]][[File:USA stamp type R10.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QD – Data-Pac/|Sub-group QD – Data-Pac]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA S1.jpg|130px]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
::&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt; '''(''The groups after Type Q  are for special services or types not generally available to the public, this latter group is not arranged in any particular order, but follow the general order established by Werner Simon.'')'''&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online/|'''GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#/Sub-group PC-A – E-stamp/|Sub-group PC-A – E-stamp]][[File:PC thumb.jpg|right|400px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-B – Neopost/|Sub-group PC-B – Neopost]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-C – Stamps.com/|Sub-group PC-C – Stamps.com]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-D – Pitney Bowes/|Sub-group PC-D – Pitney Bowes]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-E – Envelope Management Software (Endicia)/|Sub-group PC-E – Envelope Management Software (Endicia)]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-F – easypost/|Sub-group PC-F – easypost]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-G – USPS/|Sub-group PC-G – USPS]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-H – Francotyp-Postalia/|Sub-group PC-H – Francotyp-Postalia]]
&lt;/div&gt;


* [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|'''GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters and franking systems operated by Post Office window clerks''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|Sub-group PO-A – Stamps generated by commercial postage meters modified for use in post offices]]
: •• [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|Sub-group PO-B – Stamps generated by machines or systems unique to Post Office use, with no resemblance to any commercial meter stamp]]
&lt;/div&gt;


* [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|'''GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-A – Thin arrow pointing right, inverted &quot;POSTAGE DUE&quot; above, inverted &quot;COLLECT&quot; below]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type A thumbnail.jpg|120px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-B – Right-pointing outline arrow containing &quot;POSTAGE DUE/PAID&quot;, barbs on pointed end]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type B thumbnail.jpg|120px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-C – Right-pointing outline arrow containing &quot;POSTAGE DUE/PAID&quot;, no barbs, lines thick on bottom]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type C thumbnail.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-D – Vertical rectangle containing &quot;POSTAGE/DUE&quot;]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type D thumbnail.jpg|110px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-E – Wide &quot;T&quot; containing &quot;POSTAGE/DUE&quot; (Pitney Bowes)]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type E thumbnail.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-F – Wide &quot;T&quot; containing &quot;POSTAGE/DUE&quot; (Friden)]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type F thumbnail.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-G – Digital label with &quot;POSTAGE DUE&quot; across top, Intermec]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type G thumbnail.jpg|140px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-H – Digital P.O. counter label with &quot;PD&quot; in town line, MOS-UNISYS]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Types H and J spacer.jpg|180px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-J – Digital P.O. counter label with &quot;POSTAGE DUE&quot; at top]]
&lt;/div&gt;


* [[/GROUP PV – Self-service variable-rate stamp vending machine franks/|'''GROUP PV – Self-service variable-rate stamp vending machine franks''']]


* [[/GROUP OO – Official government business mail franks/|'''GROUP OO – Official government business mail franks''']]


* [[/GROUP OA – Official Armed Forces government business mail franks/|'''GROUP OA – Official Armed Forces government business mail franks''']]
: •• Sub-group OA-NAV – U.S. Navy
: •• Sub-group OA-AAF – U.S. Army &amp; Air Force 
: •• Sub-group OA-ARM – U.S. Army
: •• Sub-group OA-AIR – U.S. Air Force
: •• Sub-group OA-MAR – U.S. Marine Corps
: •• Sub-group OA-APO – Overseas Army and Air Force Post Offices
: •• Sub-group OA-FPO – Overseas Fleet Post Offices
: •• Sub-group OA-NGD – National Guard
&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP AR/|'''GROUP AR – Meter stamps used by the Armed Forces''']]
: •• Sub-group AR-NAV – U.S. Navy
: •• Sub-group AR-AAF – U.S. Army &amp; Air Force 
: •• Sub-group AR-ARM – U.S. Army
: •• Sub-group AR-AIR – U.S. Air Force
: •• Sub-group AR-MAR – U.S. Marine Corps
: •• Sub-group AR-APO – Overseas Army and Air Force Post Offices
: •• Sub-group AR-FPO – Overseas Fleet Post Offices
: •• Sub-group AR-NGD – National Guard

&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|'''GROUP ESY – Essays''']]
: •• Sub-group ESY-A – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Essays from before meters were approved for general use in 1920]]
: •• Sub-group ESY-B – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Early competitive development, 1921 to 1938]]
: •• Sub-group ESY-C – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Later competitive development (mechanical meters), 1938 to 1990s]]
: •• Sub-group ESY-D – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Digital meter essays, 1980 to date]]
&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP MEI – Meisel/|'''GROUP MEI – Meisel''']]
&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP PFF – Presidential Free Franks/|'''GROUP PFF – Presidential Free Franks''']]
&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/ |''' GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps''']]
: •• Sub-group PPS-A – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the UPS (United Parcel Service)]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-B – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the Rochester Package Delivery]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-C – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the Retail Delivery Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-D – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from TNT]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-E – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Purolator]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-F – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from EFD Package Express]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-G – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from American Messenger Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-H – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from APD]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-I – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Berkshire Apparel Corporation]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-J – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Canpar]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-K – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from CMR]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-L – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from State of North Carolina Courier Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-M – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from DSI (Mr. Messenger, Inc ?)]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-N – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Hourly]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-O – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Local Parcel Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-P – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Maclen Express Co]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-Q – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Merchants Delivery Co]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-R – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Parcel Delivery Co]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-S – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Parcel Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-T – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Post Par]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-U – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Spee-Dee Delivery Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-V – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Metroline]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-W – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Amazon Prime]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-X – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from FEDEX/Federal Express]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-Y – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Global Mail]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from P R CHINA POST / USPS Partnership]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-2Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from DHL]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-3Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from uniuni]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-4Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Too Express]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-5Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from OnTrac]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-6Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Jitsu]]


&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUPS REV and SRV: Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|'''GROUPS REV and SRV– Non-postal franks used to collect tax, also known as fiscal or revenue franks''']]
: •• [[/GROUP REV – Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|Sub-group REV –Non-postal franks used to collect Federal tax/
: •• [[/GROUP SRV – Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|Sub-group SRV –Non-postal franks used to collect State and local tax/

&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP SPE – Specimens/|'''GROUP SPE – Specimens''']]
&lt;br&gt;

* [[/GROUP TST – Test stamps/|'''GROUP TST – Test stamps''']]
&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:x-large;&quot;&gt;· ♦ ·&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:x-large;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;[[/sandbox3/|&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:x-large;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;]]
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;!--Book Templates --&gt;

{{Shelves|Collecting}}
{{alphabetical}}
{{status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>hj7p6i51sdeczxjum62h341oxuw3x2x</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641910</id>
      <parentid>4641906</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T19:30:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Boris1951zz</username>
        <id>3378369</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641910</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26880" sha1="8y0znti9ujm3gb6bec2pkpwflj9a02c" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:1%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:1%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;}}
[[File:USA CATALOG LOGO3.png|400px]|center]]

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[[File: USA A2new.jpg|130px]] [[File: USA F1.jpg|240px]] [[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|240px]] [[File: USA E8.jpg|180px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:xx-large; color:BLUE;&quot;&gt;'''''Welcome to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog!'''''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;


&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA A1.jpg|right|190px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;
* In 1897 the United States became the first country in the world to use postage meters on an experimental basis to frank live mail. After years of further experimentation and development postage meters were finally approved for use by the general public in 1920. Experimentation continued long after this date as the machines continued to be improved and perfected. All this activity and fermentation makes the U.S. one of the most interesting and complex countries to collect for postage meter stamps.

* This online edition of ''The United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog'' is an expansion and update of the paper edition, written and published by Joel Hawkins and Rick Stambaugh in 1994 and updated previously in 2001. It uses a new, more logical, decimal system for assigning Type numbers. Type numbers that are different from the earlier edition show the previous designation as follows: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-small; color:blue;&quot;&gt;''Type '''XXX''' in 2001 edition''&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;div style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt; Comments, suggested changes, corrections, and additions to the catalog are encouraged. Email &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt; &quot;''' Alan Knutson'''&quot;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;  boris1951@charter.net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;


----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:medium; color:teal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;'''''Latest changes:'''''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{|
|- 

|style=&quot;width:50%; color: teal;&quot;|
*30  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D4.3.1'''&quot; added (Thank you Karim R!)
*30  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D4.3'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-D4.3.2'''&quot;
*30  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; usage added, unusually wide label  (Thank you Otto B!)
*23  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.9'''&quot; added &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; (Thank you Mark S!)
*23  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.3C'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.3D'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-E3.8.1'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.8.2'''&quot;
*21  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F2.2'''&quot; added &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; (Thank you Mark H!)
*21  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F2'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-F2.1'''&quot;
*14  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''IA4.1Bb'''&quot; missing last digit of meter number (''61168'')
*1   Jan: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PO-A6.2BB.f'''&quot; with large &quot;'''PO'''&quot; added
*1   Jan: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PO-A6.2BB.b'''&quot; illustration added
*5   Dec: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''QD1c'''&quot; added, &quot;'''CERTIFIED MAIL'''&quot;(Thank you Babs N!)
*5   Dec: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.7.1'''&quot; added, &quot;'''CERTIFIED MAIL'''&quot;(Thank you Frankie S and Otto B!)
*1   Dec: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.7'''&quot; added (Thank you Frankie S and Otto B!)
*11  Nov: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''IA4.6'''&quot; 700000 series added  
*22  Oct: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''HC1.1-5.3'''&quot; added &quot;'''ADD'L 1/4¢ ''' at bottom line of slogan/ad (''9007'')&quot;
*2   Oct: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.3A'''&quot; ''' HAZMAT ''' label added    (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   Oct: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-A1.11'''&quot; added, a version with several differences from the initial issue (Thank you Mark R!!)
*2   Oct: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-A1.1'''&quot; Renumbered to &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot;
*14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''QA7.2.1'''&quot; added, &quot;'''IMI'''&quot;     (Thank you Frankie S!)
*14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''QA7.2'''&quot; renumbered to &quot;'''QA7.2.0'''&quot;
*14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-D4.4'''&quot; added    (Thank you Frankie S!)
*3   Sep: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-AG49'''&quot; &quot;'''Orbitran'''&quot; with complete box  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*1   Sep: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F4.6'''&quot; &quot;'''EASYPOST'''&quot; with &quot;'''POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot;  added   (Thank you Frankie S!)
*1   Sep: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''IC4.1f'''&quot; meter with right digit missing (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*13 Aug: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''DF3.3'''&quot; added meter number to 8c usage [RRRR]   (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*7   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.5'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.5A'''&quot;, &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.5B'''&quot; added   (Thank you Frankie S!)
*5   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PFF4.1'''&quot; added &quot;'''Mrs Lyndon B. Johnson'''&quot;
*2   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-C2.4.4'''&quot; added   (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2D'''&quot; deleted
*29  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''SPE-IA1'''&quot; colors known noted (red or green) (second known example).   (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*20  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PO-B14.1A-3'''&quot; added (Thank you Otto B!)
*18  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-AD31.1A'''&quot; New illustration added  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*18  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-AD30'''&quot; note, illustration added  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*18  Jul: {{space|5}} Group &quot;'''PPS-A'''&quot;  Reorganized
*13  Jul: {{space|5}} Types &quot;'''CA1.2'''&quot; note added, solid filled rectangle in place of permit number (Meisel variety) (Thank you Robert O!)
*23  Jun: {{space|3}} Types &quot;'''OO-K5'''&quot; and &quot;'''QB1.2'''&quot; cross referencees added 
*20  Jun: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''OO-K5'''&quot; added, penalty statement in two lines at right of single line &quot;'''US OFFICIAL MAIL'''&quot; (Thank you Otto B!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9C.0'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-D5.9C.1'''&quot;added &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;(Thank you Frankie S!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.2'''&quot; added F/V indicated above date, &quot;'''USPSIMB'''&quot; font  (Thank you Frankie S!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.1'''&quot; added F/V indicated above date  (Thank you Frankie S!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.0'''&quot;      
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-C8'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Stamps / Endicia'''&quot;  (Thank you Mark M!)
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-D03.1'''&quot; added, &quot;'''TNT Mailfast'''&quot; with meter type LB1.1A    (Thank you Mark M!)
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-Y01'''&quot; added &quot;'''DHL Global Mail'''&quot;
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Added to the biblio. Hawkins, Joel A. &quot;'''State and Local Official Mail/ Official Business Slogan Meter '''&quot;
*30  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A02.4'''&quot; new usage added, new illustration  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*25  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-F1.2'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Easypost'''&quot;       (Thank you Frankie S!)
*20  May: {{space|3}} Slug &quot;'''4f'''&quot; for provisional with space created by removal of ½ between &quot;571&quot; and &quot;P&quot; from &quot;'''SEC 571½ P.L.&amp; R.'''&quot;.
*15  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-6Z01'''&quot; added     (Thank you Harold E!)
*15  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-6Z'''&quot; added &quot;'''Jitsu'''&quot;, a &quot;last mile delivery service&quot;    (Thank you Harold E!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A12.04c'''&quot; added, (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A13.01b'''&quot; New illustration, (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A12.01b'''&quot; New illustration, (will be realigned) (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A56.1'''&quot; new EKU, new usage, new illustration  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*5   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E1.3D'''&quot; Added,      (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''OO-B1'''&quot; illustration added
*2   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-5Z01'''&quot; added &quot;'''OnTrac'''&quot;, a &quot;last mile delivery service&quot;    (Thank you Mark M!)
*26  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A18.02.2'''&quot; usage added (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*24  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A19.06.2A'''&quot; usage and illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*24  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A19.06.2B'''&quot; usage and illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*15  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-F4.5'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Easypost'''&quot;     (Thank you Mark H!)
*15  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.3B'''&quot; usage and illustration added     (Thank you Thomas R!)
*15  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-4Z01'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Too Express'''&quot; a last mile, drone delivery service   (Thank you Harold E!)
*9   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E5.1'''&quot; additional directive usage added     (Thank you Frankie S!)
*5   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D6'''&quot; reorganized, split into &quot;'''PC-D6.0, PC-D6.1.0, PC-D6.1.1'''&quot;
*4   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''QA6.3'''&quot; &quot;'''Neopost'''&quot; &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; added   (Thank you Mark H!)
*4   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''QB5.2A'''&quot; series &quot;00062&quot; under &quot;027H&quot; added    (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E5.1'''&quot; added &quot;'''ENDICIA'''&quot;, &quot;'''IMI'''&quot;    (Thank you Thomas R!)
*2   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E4.1'''&quot; added &quot;'''ENDICIA'''&quot;  (Thank you Karim R!)


|style=&quot;width:50%; color: teal;&quot;|

*


|}

&lt;br&gt;
== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:red; font-size:xx-large;&quot;&gt;'''Table of Contents'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Information for collectors/]]'''&lt;/u&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt; (''the basics of U.S. meter stamp collecting'')&lt;/span&gt;
: •• [[/Postage meters and mailing machines/|Postage meters and mailing machines]]
: •• [[/Meter and Permit numbers/|Meter and Permit numbers]]
: •• [[/Ink colors and fluorescence/|Ink colors and fluorescence]]
: •• [[/Town and date marks/|Town and date marks]]
: •• [[/Surcharge slugs/|Surcharge slugs]]
: •• [[/Essays/Specimens/Proofs/|Essays/Specimens/Proofs]]
: •• [[/Rarity and values/|Rarity and values]]
&lt;/div&gt;

* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Glossary and Abbreviations/]]'''&lt;/u&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt; (''understanding the stamp descriptions'')&lt;/span&gt; 
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Postage Meter Manufacturers (with time chart)/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Adhesive paper tapes/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Directional slugs/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Bibliography/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
----
&lt;br&gt;
::&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt; '''(''Types A through Q represent the general commercial meters available to the public, the groups after Type Q  are for special services or types not generally available to the public,this latter group is not arranged in any particular order, but follow the general order established by Werner Simon.'')'''&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP A – Early experimental franks, prior to 1920/|'''GROUP A – Early experimental franks, prior to 1920''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA meter catalog Group A thumbnail.jpeg|150px]]
* [[/GROUP B – Square frank with wavy lines at the sides/|'''GROUP B – Square frank with wavy lines at the sides''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA B1.jpg|150px]]
* [[/GROUP C – Oval frank with wavy lines at the sides/|'''GROUP C – Oval frank with wavy lines at the sides''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA CA1.jpg|150px]]
* [[/GROUP D – Square or nearly square frank with simulated perforation outer frame/|'''GROUP D – Square or nearly square frank with simulated perforation outer frame''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: Group D thumb.jpg|180px]]
* [[/GROUP E – Frameless design with arcs in the corners/|'''GROUP E – Frameless design with arcs in the corners (NCR)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA E8.jpg|80px]]
* [[/GROUP F – Wide rectangular frank with flying eagle in center/|'''GROUP F – Wide rectangular frank with flying eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA F1.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA F4A.jpg|120px]]
* [[/GROUP G – Wide rectangular frank with sitting eagle in center/|'''GROUP G – Wide rectangular frank with sitting eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA G1.jpg|120px]] [[File: USA G3.jpg|120px]]
* [[/GROUP H – Rectangular frank with simulated perforation frame, separate town mark/|'''GROUP H – Rectangular frank with simulated perforation frame, separate town mark''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA H2.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA H3.jpg|120px]]
* [[/GROUP I – Frameless design with large sitting eagle in center/|'''GROUP I – Frameless design with large sitting eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA IA1.jpg|100px]] [[File: USA IB4.jpg|90px]] [[File: USA IC1.jpg|110px]]
* [[/GROUP J – Square design with straight outer frame, separate town mark/|'''GROUP J – Square design with straight outer frame, separate town mark (Postalia)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA J1.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA J6.jpg|140px]]
* [[/GROUP K – Frank with torch motif/|'''GROUP K – Frank with hand held torch''']] [[File: USA KA2.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA KB1.jpg|100px]][[File: USA KD1.jpg|90px]] [[File: USA KE1.jpg|140px]]
* [[/GROUP L – Frank with profile of eagle/|'''GROUP L – Frank with profile of eagle (Hasler)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA LA1.jpg|120px]] [[File: USA LB1A.jpg|140px]] 
* [[/GROUP M – Simple rectangle with star ornaments/|'''GROUP M – Simple rectangle with stars (Neopost)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA P1.jpg|140px]]
* [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode/|'''GROUP N – Digital stamps without 2D barcode''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group NA – Pitney Bowes, eagle head and wing/|Sub-group NA – Pitney Bowes, eagle head and wing  (also ''LOW VALUE'')]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA M2.jpg|110px]] [[File:USA M5.jpg|120px]] [[File:USA M6A.jpg|120px]]
[[File:USA meter stamp NA examples.jpg|right|240px]]
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode/#Sub-group NB – Neopost-Hasler, frameless rectangular design with profile of eagle at right facing left/|Sub-group NB – Neopost-Hasler, complete profile of eagle facing left]]  [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA LC1.jpg|110px]]
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group NC – Neopost, torch-in-hand/|Sub-group NC – Neopost, torch-in-hand]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA N1.jpg|110px]] [[File:USA N2.jpg|120px]]
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group ND – Francotyp-Postalia, bird in oval/|Sub-group ND – Francotyp-Postalia, bird in oval]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA MB1.jpg|140px]]
&lt;/div&gt;


::&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;'''(''Groups O and P not used to avoid confusion with Groups OO, PC, PO, PD, and PV.'')'''&lt;/span&gt;


* [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode/|'''GROUP Q – Digital stamps with &quot;Datamatrix&quot; or &quot;IBI Lite&quot; 2D barcode''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QA – Neopost-Hasler, Neopost (branded as Neopost, Hasler, or ASCOM Hasler)/|Sub-group QA – Hasler, Neopost-Hasler, Neopost, Quadient]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA meter stamp QA2.jpg|70px]] [[File:USA N3.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA R2A.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA stamp type R8.jpg|150px]]
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QB – Pitney Bowes#/|Sub-group QB – Pitney Bowes]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA M9.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA M13.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA M11.jpg|160px]]
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QC – Francotyp-Postalia/|Sub-group QC – Francotyp-Postalia]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA R5.jpg|130px]][[File:USA stamp type R10.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QD – Data-Pac/|Sub-group QD – Data-Pac]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA S1.jpg|130px]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
::&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt; '''(''The groups after Type Q  are for special services or types not generally available to the public, this latter group is not arranged in any particular order, but follow the general order established by Werner Simon.'')'''&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online/|'''GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#/Sub-group PC-A – E-stamp/|Sub-group PC-A – E-stamp]][[File:PC thumb.jpg|right|400px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-B – Neopost/|Sub-group PC-B – Neopost]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-C – Stamps.com/|Sub-group PC-C – Stamps.com]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-D – Pitney Bowes/|Sub-group PC-D – Pitney Bowes]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-E – Envelope Management Software (Endicia)/|Sub-group PC-E – Envelope Management Software (Endicia)]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-F – easypost/|Sub-group PC-F – easypost]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-G – USPS/|Sub-group PC-G – USPS]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-H – Francotyp-Postalia/|Sub-group PC-H – Francotyp-Postalia]]
&lt;/div&gt;


* [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|'''GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters and franking systems operated by Post Office window clerks''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|Sub-group PO-A – Stamps generated by commercial postage meters modified for use in post offices]]
: •• [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|Sub-group PO-B – Stamps generated by machines or systems unique to Post Office use, with no resemblance to any commercial meter stamp]]
&lt;/div&gt;


* [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|'''GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-A – Thin arrow pointing right, inverted &quot;POSTAGE DUE&quot; above, inverted &quot;COLLECT&quot; below]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type A thumbnail.jpg|120px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-B – Right-pointing outline arrow containing &quot;POSTAGE DUE/PAID&quot;, barbs on pointed end]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type B thumbnail.jpg|120px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-C – Right-pointing outline arrow containing &quot;POSTAGE DUE/PAID&quot;, no barbs, lines thick on bottom]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type C thumbnail.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-D – Vertical rectangle containing &quot;POSTAGE/DUE&quot;]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type D thumbnail.jpg|110px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-E – Wide &quot;T&quot; containing &quot;POSTAGE/DUE&quot; (Pitney Bowes)]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type E thumbnail.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-F – Wide &quot;T&quot; containing &quot;POSTAGE/DUE&quot; (Friden)]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type F thumbnail.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-G – Digital label with &quot;POSTAGE DUE&quot; across top, Intermec]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type G thumbnail.jpg|140px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-H – Digital P.O. counter label with &quot;PD&quot; in town line, MOS-UNISYS]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Types H and J spacer.jpg|180px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-J – Digital P.O. counter label with &quot;POSTAGE DUE&quot; at top]]
&lt;/div&gt;


* [[/GROUP PV – Self-service variable-rate stamp vending machine franks/|'''GROUP PV – Self-service variable-rate stamp vending machine franks''']]


* [[/GROUP OO – Official government business mail franks/|'''GROUP OO – Official government business mail franks''']]


* [[/GROUP OA – Official Armed Forces government business mail franks/|'''GROUP OA – Official Armed Forces government business mail franks''']]
: •• Sub-group OA-NAV – U.S. Navy
: •• Sub-group OA-AAF – U.S. Army &amp; Air Force 
: •• Sub-group OA-ARM – U.S. Army
: •• Sub-group OA-AIR – U.S. Air Force
: •• Sub-group OA-MAR – U.S. Marine Corps
: •• Sub-group OA-APO – Overseas Army and Air Force Post Offices
: •• Sub-group OA-FPO – Overseas Fleet Post Offices
: •• Sub-group OA-NGD – National Guard
&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP AR/|'''GROUP AR – Meter stamps used by the Armed Forces''']]
: •• Sub-group AR-NAV – U.S. Navy
: •• Sub-group AR-AAF – U.S. Army &amp; Air Force 
: •• Sub-group AR-ARM – U.S. Army
: •• Sub-group AR-AIR – U.S. Air Force
: •• Sub-group AR-MAR – U.S. Marine Corps
: •• Sub-group AR-APO – Overseas Army and Air Force Post Offices
: •• Sub-group AR-FPO – Overseas Fleet Post Offices
: •• Sub-group AR-NGD – National Guard

&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|'''GROUP ESY – Essays''']]
: •• Sub-group ESY-A – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Essays from before meters were approved for general use in 1920]]
: •• Sub-group ESY-B – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Early competitive development, 1921 to 1938]]
: •• Sub-group ESY-C – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Later competitive development (mechanical meters), 1938 to 1990s]]
: •• Sub-group ESY-D – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Digital meter essays, 1980 to date]]
&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP MEI – Meisel/|'''GROUP MEI – Meisel''']]
&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP PFF – Presidential Free Franks/|'''GROUP PFF – Presidential Free Franks''']]
&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/ |''' GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps''']]
: •• Sub-group PPS-A – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the UPS (United Parcel Service)]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-B – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the Rochester Package Delivery]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-C – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the Retail Delivery Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-D – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from TNT]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-E – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Purolator]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-F – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from EFD Package Express]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-G – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from American Messenger Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-H – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from APD]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-I – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Berkshire Apparel Corporation]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-J – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Canpar]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-K – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from CMR]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-L – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from State of North Carolina Courier Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-M – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from DSI (Mr. Messenger, Inc ?)]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-N – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Hourly]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-O – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Local Parcel Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-P – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Maclen Express Co]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-Q – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Merchants Delivery Co]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-R – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Parcel Delivery Co]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-S – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Parcel Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-T – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Post Par]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-U – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Spee-Dee Delivery Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-V – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Metroline]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-W – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Amazon Prime]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-X – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from FEDEX/Federal Express]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-Y – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Global Mail]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from P R CHINA POST / USPS Partnership]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-2Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from DHL]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-3Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from uniuni]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-4Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Too Express]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-5Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from OnTrac]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-6Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Jitsu]]


&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUPS REV and SRV: Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|'''GROUPS REV and SRV– Non-postal franks used to collect tax, also known as fiscal or revenue franks''']]
: •• [[/GROUP REV – Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|Sub-group REV –Non-postal franks used to collect Federal tax/
: •• [[/GROUP SRV – Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|Sub-group SRV –Non-postal franks used to collect State and local tax/

&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP SPE – Specimens/|'''GROUP SPE – Specimens''']]
&lt;br&gt;

* [[/GROUP TST – Test stamps/|'''GROUP TST – Test stamps''']]
&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:x-large;&quot;&gt;· ♦ ·&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:x-large;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;[[/sandbox3/|&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:x-large;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;]]
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;!--Book Templates --&gt;

{{Shelves|Collecting}}
{{alphabetical}}
{{status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>8y0znti9ujm3gb6bec2pkpwflj9a02c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641918</id>
      <parentid>4641910</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T20:04:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Boris1951zz</username>
        <id>3378369</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641918</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="26957" sha1="6l882fnwl79jucvehzhv1p7xuo9jjnq" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:1%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:1%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;}}
[[File:USA CATALOG LOGO3.png|400px]|center]]

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[[File: USA A2new.jpg|130px]] [[File: USA F1.jpg|240px]] [[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|240px]] [[File: USA E8.jpg|180px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:xx-large; color:BLUE;&quot;&gt;'''''Welcome to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog!'''''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;


&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA A1.jpg|right|190px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;
* In 1897 the United States became the first country in the world to use postage meters on an experimental basis to frank live mail. After years of further experimentation and development postage meters were finally approved for use by the general public in 1920. Experimentation continued long after this date as the machines continued to be improved and perfected. All this activity and fermentation makes the U.S. one of the most interesting and complex countries to collect for postage meter stamps.

* This online edition of ''The United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog'' is an expansion and update of the paper edition, written and published by Joel Hawkins and Rick Stambaugh in 1994 and updated previously in 2001. It uses a new, more logical, decimal system for assigning Type numbers. Type numbers that are different from the earlier edition show the previous designation as follows: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-small; color:blue;&quot;&gt;''Type '''XXX''' in 2001 edition''&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;div style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt; Comments, suggested changes, corrections, and additions to the catalog are encouraged. Email &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt; &quot;''' Alan Knutson'''&quot;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;  boris1951@charter.net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;


----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:medium; color:teal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;'''''Latest changes:'''''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{|
|- 

|style=&quot;width:50%; color: teal;&quot;|
*30  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.0.1'''&quot; added (Thank you Karim R!)
*30  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D4.3.1'''&quot; added (Thank you Karim R!)
*30  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D4.3'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-D4.3.2'''&quot;
*30  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; usage added, unusually wide label  (Thank you Otto B!)
*23  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.9'''&quot; added &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; (Thank you Mark S!)
*23  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.3C'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.3D'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-E3.8.1'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.8.2'''&quot;
*21  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F2.2'''&quot; added &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; (Thank you Mark H!)
*21  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F2'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-F2.1'''&quot;
*14  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''IA4.1Bb'''&quot; missing last digit of meter number (''61168'')
*1   Jan: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PO-A6.2BB.f'''&quot; with large &quot;'''PO'''&quot; added
*1   Jan: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PO-A6.2BB.b'''&quot; illustration added
*5   Dec: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''QD1c'''&quot; added, &quot;'''CERTIFIED MAIL'''&quot;(Thank you Babs N!)
*5   Dec: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.7.1'''&quot; added, &quot;'''CERTIFIED MAIL'''&quot;(Thank you Frankie S and Otto B!)
*1   Dec: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.7'''&quot; added (Thank you Frankie S and Otto B!)
*11  Nov: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''IA4.6'''&quot; 700000 series added  
*22  Oct: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''HC1.1-5.3'''&quot; added &quot;'''ADD'L 1/4¢ ''' at bottom line of slogan/ad (''9007'')&quot;
*2   Oct: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.3A'''&quot; ''' HAZMAT ''' label added    (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   Oct: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-A1.11'''&quot; added, a version with several differences from the initial issue (Thank you Mark R!!)
*2   Oct: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-A1.1'''&quot; Renumbered to &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot;
*14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''QA7.2.1'''&quot; added, &quot;'''IMI'''&quot;     (Thank you Frankie S!)
*14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''QA7.2'''&quot; renumbered to &quot;'''QA7.2.0'''&quot;
*14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-D4.4'''&quot; added    (Thank you Frankie S!)
*3   Sep: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-AG49'''&quot; &quot;'''Orbitran'''&quot; with complete box  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*1   Sep: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F4.6'''&quot; &quot;'''EASYPOST'''&quot; with &quot;'''POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot;  added   (Thank you Frankie S!)
*1   Sep: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''IC4.1f'''&quot; meter with right digit missing (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*13 Aug: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''DF3.3'''&quot; added meter number to 8c usage [RRRR]   (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*7   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.5'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.5A'''&quot;, &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.5B'''&quot; added   (Thank you Frankie S!)
*5   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PFF4.1'''&quot; added &quot;'''Mrs Lyndon B. Johnson'''&quot;
*2   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-C2.4.4'''&quot; added   (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2D'''&quot; deleted
*29  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''SPE-IA1'''&quot; colors known noted (red or green) (second known example).   (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*20  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PO-B14.1A-3'''&quot; added (Thank you Otto B!)
*18  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-AD31.1A'''&quot; New illustration added  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*18  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-AD30'''&quot; note, illustration added  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*18  Jul: {{space|5}} Group &quot;'''PPS-A'''&quot;  Reorganized
*13  Jul: {{space|5}} Types &quot;'''CA1.2'''&quot; note added, solid filled rectangle in place of permit number (Meisel variety) (Thank you Robert O!)
*23  Jun: {{space|3}} Types &quot;'''OO-K5'''&quot; and &quot;'''QB1.2'''&quot; cross referencees added 
*20  Jun: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''OO-K5'''&quot; added, penalty statement in two lines at right of single line &quot;'''US OFFICIAL MAIL'''&quot; (Thank you Otto B!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9C.0'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-D5.9C.1'''&quot;added &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;(Thank you Frankie S!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.2'''&quot; added F/V indicated above date, &quot;'''USPSIMB'''&quot; font  (Thank you Frankie S!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.1'''&quot; added F/V indicated above date  (Thank you Frankie S!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.0'''&quot;      
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-C8'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Stamps / Endicia'''&quot;  (Thank you Mark M!)
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-D03.1'''&quot; added, &quot;'''TNT Mailfast'''&quot; with meter type LB1.1A    (Thank you Mark M!)
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-Y01'''&quot; added &quot;'''DHL Global Mail'''&quot;
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Added to the biblio. Hawkins, Joel A. &quot;'''State and Local Official Mail/ Official Business Slogan Meter '''&quot;
*30  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A02.4'''&quot; new usage added, new illustration  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*25  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-F1.2'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Easypost'''&quot;       (Thank you Frankie S!)
*20  May: {{space|3}} Slug &quot;'''4f'''&quot; for provisional with space created by removal of ½ between &quot;571&quot; and &quot;P&quot; from &quot;'''SEC 571½ P.L.&amp; R.'''&quot;.
*15  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-6Z01'''&quot; added     (Thank you Harold E!)
*15  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-6Z'''&quot; added &quot;'''Jitsu'''&quot;, a &quot;last mile delivery service&quot;    (Thank you Harold E!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A12.04c'''&quot; added, (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A13.01b'''&quot; New illustration, (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A12.01b'''&quot; New illustration, (will be realigned) (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A56.1'''&quot; new EKU, new usage, new illustration  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*5   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E1.3D'''&quot; Added,      (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''OO-B1'''&quot; illustration added
*2   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-5Z01'''&quot; added &quot;'''OnTrac'''&quot;, a &quot;last mile delivery service&quot;    (Thank you Mark M!)
*26  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A18.02.2'''&quot; usage added (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*24  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A19.06.2A'''&quot; usage and illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*24  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A19.06.2B'''&quot; usage and illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*15  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-F4.5'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Easypost'''&quot;     (Thank you Mark H!)
*15  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.3B'''&quot; usage and illustration added     (Thank you Thomas R!)
*15  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-4Z01'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Too Express'''&quot; a last mile, drone delivery service   (Thank you Harold E!)
*9   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E5.1'''&quot; additional directive usage added     (Thank you Frankie S!)
*5   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D6'''&quot; reorganized, split into &quot;'''PC-D6.0, PC-D6.1.0, PC-D6.1.1'''&quot;
*4   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''QA6.3'''&quot; &quot;'''Neopost'''&quot; &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; added   (Thank you Mark H!)
*4   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''QB5.2A'''&quot; series &quot;00062&quot; under &quot;027H&quot; added    (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E5.1'''&quot; added &quot;'''ENDICIA'''&quot;, &quot;'''IMI'''&quot;    (Thank you Thomas R!)
*2   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E4.1'''&quot; added &quot;'''ENDICIA'''&quot;  (Thank you Karim R!)


|style=&quot;width:50%; color: teal;&quot;|

*


|}

&lt;br&gt;
== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:red; font-size:xx-large;&quot;&gt;'''Table of Contents'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Information for collectors/]]'''&lt;/u&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt; (''the basics of U.S. meter stamp collecting'')&lt;/span&gt;
: •• [[/Postage meters and mailing machines/|Postage meters and mailing machines]]
: •• [[/Meter and Permit numbers/|Meter and Permit numbers]]
: •• [[/Ink colors and fluorescence/|Ink colors and fluorescence]]
: •• [[/Town and date marks/|Town and date marks]]
: •• [[/Surcharge slugs/|Surcharge slugs]]
: •• [[/Essays/Specimens/Proofs/|Essays/Specimens/Proofs]]
: •• [[/Rarity and values/|Rarity and values]]
&lt;/div&gt;

* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Glossary and Abbreviations/]]'''&lt;/u&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt; (''understanding the stamp descriptions'')&lt;/span&gt; 
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Postage Meter Manufacturers (with time chart)/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Adhesive paper tapes/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Directional slugs/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Bibliography/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
----
&lt;br&gt;
::&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt; '''(''Types A through Q represent the general commercial meters available to the public, the groups after Type Q  are for special services or types not generally available to the public,this latter group is not arranged in any particular order, but follow the general order established by Werner Simon.'')'''&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP A – Early experimental franks, prior to 1920/|'''GROUP A – Early experimental franks, prior to 1920''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA meter catalog Group A thumbnail.jpeg|150px]]
* [[/GROUP B – Square frank with wavy lines at the sides/|'''GROUP B – Square frank with wavy lines at the sides''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA B1.jpg|150px]]
* [[/GROUP C – Oval frank with wavy lines at the sides/|'''GROUP C – Oval frank with wavy lines at the sides''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA CA1.jpg|150px]]
* [[/GROUP D – Square or nearly square frank with simulated perforation outer frame/|'''GROUP D – Square or nearly square frank with simulated perforation outer frame''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: Group D thumb.jpg|180px]]
* [[/GROUP E – Frameless design with arcs in the corners/|'''GROUP E – Frameless design with arcs in the corners (NCR)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA E8.jpg|80px]]
* [[/GROUP F – Wide rectangular frank with flying eagle in center/|'''GROUP F – Wide rectangular frank with flying eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA F1.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA F4A.jpg|120px]]
* [[/GROUP G – Wide rectangular frank with sitting eagle in center/|'''GROUP G – Wide rectangular frank with sitting eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA G1.jpg|120px]] [[File: USA G3.jpg|120px]]
* [[/GROUP H – Rectangular frank with simulated perforation frame, separate town mark/|'''GROUP H – Rectangular frank with simulated perforation frame, separate town mark''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA H2.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA H3.jpg|120px]]
* [[/GROUP I – Frameless design with large sitting eagle in center/|'''GROUP I – Frameless design with large sitting eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA IA1.jpg|100px]] [[File: USA IB4.jpg|90px]] [[File: USA IC1.jpg|110px]]
* [[/GROUP J – Square design with straight outer frame, separate town mark/|'''GROUP J – Square design with straight outer frame, separate town mark (Postalia)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA J1.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA J6.jpg|140px]]
* [[/GROUP K – Frank with torch motif/|'''GROUP K – Frank with hand held torch''']] [[File: USA KA2.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA KB1.jpg|100px]][[File: USA KD1.jpg|90px]] [[File: USA KE1.jpg|140px]]
* [[/GROUP L – Frank with profile of eagle/|'''GROUP L – Frank with profile of eagle (Hasler)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA LA1.jpg|120px]] [[File: USA LB1A.jpg|140px]] 
* [[/GROUP M – Simple rectangle with star ornaments/|'''GROUP M – Simple rectangle with stars (Neopost)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA P1.jpg|140px]]
* [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode/|'''GROUP N – Digital stamps without 2D barcode''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group NA – Pitney Bowes, eagle head and wing/|Sub-group NA – Pitney Bowes, eagle head and wing  (also ''LOW VALUE'')]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA M2.jpg|110px]] [[File:USA M5.jpg|120px]] [[File:USA M6A.jpg|120px]]
[[File:USA meter stamp NA examples.jpg|right|240px]]
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode/#Sub-group NB – Neopost-Hasler, frameless rectangular design with profile of eagle at right facing left/|Sub-group NB – Neopost-Hasler, complete profile of eagle facing left]]  [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA LC1.jpg|110px]]
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group NC – Neopost, torch-in-hand/|Sub-group NC – Neopost, torch-in-hand]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA N1.jpg|110px]] [[File:USA N2.jpg|120px]]
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group ND – Francotyp-Postalia, bird in oval/|Sub-group ND – Francotyp-Postalia, bird in oval]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA MB1.jpg|140px]]
&lt;/div&gt;


::&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;'''(''Groups O and P not used to avoid confusion with Groups OO, PC, PO, PD, and PV.'')'''&lt;/span&gt;


* [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode/|'''GROUP Q – Digital stamps with &quot;Datamatrix&quot; or &quot;IBI Lite&quot; 2D barcode''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QA – Neopost-Hasler, Neopost (branded as Neopost, Hasler, or ASCOM Hasler)/|Sub-group QA – Hasler, Neopost-Hasler, Neopost, Quadient]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA meter stamp QA2.jpg|70px]] [[File:USA N3.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA R2A.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA stamp type R8.jpg|150px]]
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QB – Pitney Bowes#/|Sub-group QB – Pitney Bowes]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA M9.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA M13.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA M11.jpg|160px]]
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QC – Francotyp-Postalia/|Sub-group QC – Francotyp-Postalia]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA R5.jpg|130px]][[File:USA stamp type R10.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QD – Data-Pac/|Sub-group QD – Data-Pac]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA S1.jpg|130px]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
::&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt; '''(''The groups after Type Q  are for special services or types not generally available to the public, this latter group is not arranged in any particular order, but follow the general order established by Werner Simon.'')'''&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online/|'''GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#/Sub-group PC-A – E-stamp/|Sub-group PC-A – E-stamp]][[File:PC thumb.jpg|right|400px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-B – Neopost/|Sub-group PC-B – Neopost]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-C – Stamps.com/|Sub-group PC-C – Stamps.com]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-D – Pitney Bowes/|Sub-group PC-D – Pitney Bowes]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-E – Envelope Management Software (Endicia)/|Sub-group PC-E – Envelope Management Software (Endicia)]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-F – easypost/|Sub-group PC-F – easypost]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-G – USPS/|Sub-group PC-G – USPS]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-H – Francotyp-Postalia/|Sub-group PC-H – Francotyp-Postalia]]
&lt;/div&gt;


* [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|'''GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters and franking systems operated by Post Office window clerks''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|Sub-group PO-A – Stamps generated by commercial postage meters modified for use in post offices]]
: •• [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|Sub-group PO-B – Stamps generated by machines or systems unique to Post Office use, with no resemblance to any commercial meter stamp]]
&lt;/div&gt;


* [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|'''GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-A – Thin arrow pointing right, inverted &quot;POSTAGE DUE&quot; above, inverted &quot;COLLECT&quot; below]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type A thumbnail.jpg|120px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-B – Right-pointing outline arrow containing &quot;POSTAGE DUE/PAID&quot;, barbs on pointed end]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type B thumbnail.jpg|120px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-C – Right-pointing outline arrow containing &quot;POSTAGE DUE/PAID&quot;, no barbs, lines thick on bottom]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type C thumbnail.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-D – Vertical rectangle containing &quot;POSTAGE/DUE&quot;]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type D thumbnail.jpg|110px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-E – Wide &quot;T&quot; containing &quot;POSTAGE/DUE&quot; (Pitney Bowes)]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type E thumbnail.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-F – Wide &quot;T&quot; containing &quot;POSTAGE/DUE&quot; (Friden)]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type F thumbnail.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-G – Digital label with &quot;POSTAGE DUE&quot; across top, Intermec]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type G thumbnail.jpg|140px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-H – Digital P.O. counter label with &quot;PD&quot; in town line, MOS-UNISYS]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Types H and J spacer.jpg|180px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-J – Digital P.O. counter label with &quot;POSTAGE DUE&quot; at top]]
&lt;/div&gt;


* [[/GROUP PV – Self-service variable-rate stamp vending machine franks/|'''GROUP PV – Self-service variable-rate stamp vending machine franks''']]


* [[/GROUP OO – Official government business mail franks/|'''GROUP OO – Official government business mail franks''']]


* [[/GROUP OA – Official Armed Forces government business mail franks/|'''GROUP OA – Official Armed Forces government business mail franks''']]
: •• Sub-group OA-NAV – U.S. Navy
: •• Sub-group OA-AAF – U.S. Army &amp; Air Force 
: •• Sub-group OA-ARM – U.S. Army
: •• Sub-group OA-AIR – U.S. Air Force
: •• Sub-group OA-MAR – U.S. Marine Corps
: •• Sub-group OA-APO – Overseas Army and Air Force Post Offices
: •• Sub-group OA-FPO – Overseas Fleet Post Offices
: •• Sub-group OA-NGD – National Guard
&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP AR/|'''GROUP AR – Meter stamps used by the Armed Forces''']]
: •• Sub-group AR-NAV – U.S. Navy
: •• Sub-group AR-AAF – U.S. Army &amp; Air Force 
: •• Sub-group AR-ARM – U.S. Army
: •• Sub-group AR-AIR – U.S. Air Force
: •• Sub-group AR-MAR – U.S. Marine Corps
: •• Sub-group AR-APO – Overseas Army and Air Force Post Offices
: •• Sub-group AR-FPO – Overseas Fleet Post Offices
: •• Sub-group AR-NGD – National Guard

&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|'''GROUP ESY – Essays''']]
: •• Sub-group ESY-A – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Essays from before meters were approved for general use in 1920]]
: •• Sub-group ESY-B – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Early competitive development, 1921 to 1938]]
: •• Sub-group ESY-C – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Later competitive development (mechanical meters), 1938 to 1990s]]
: •• Sub-group ESY-D – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Digital meter essays, 1980 to date]]
&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP MEI – Meisel/|'''GROUP MEI – Meisel''']]
&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP PFF – Presidential Free Franks/|'''GROUP PFF – Presidential Free Franks''']]
&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/ |''' GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps''']]
: •• Sub-group PPS-A – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the UPS (United Parcel Service)]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-B – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the Rochester Package Delivery]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-C – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the Retail Delivery Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-D – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from TNT]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-E – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Purolator]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-F – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from EFD Package Express]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-G – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from American Messenger Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-H – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from APD]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-I – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Berkshire Apparel Corporation]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-J – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Canpar]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-K – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from CMR]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-L – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from State of North Carolina Courier Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-M – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from DSI (Mr. Messenger, Inc ?)]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-N – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Hourly]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-O – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Local Parcel Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-P – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Maclen Express Co]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-Q – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Merchants Delivery Co]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-R – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Parcel Delivery Co]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-S – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Parcel Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-T – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Post Par]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-U – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Spee-Dee Delivery Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-V – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Metroline]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-W – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Amazon Prime]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-X – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from FEDEX/Federal Express]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-Y – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Global Mail]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from P R CHINA POST / USPS Partnership]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-2Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from DHL]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-3Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from uniuni]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-4Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Too Express]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-5Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from OnTrac]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-6Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Jitsu]]


&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUPS REV and SRV: Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|'''GROUPS REV and SRV– Non-postal franks used to collect tax, also known as fiscal or revenue franks''']]
: •• [[/GROUP REV – Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|Sub-group REV –Non-postal franks used to collect Federal tax/
: •• [[/GROUP SRV – Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|Sub-group SRV –Non-postal franks used to collect State and local tax/

&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP SPE – Specimens/|'''GROUP SPE – Specimens''']]
&lt;br&gt;

* [[/GROUP TST – Test stamps/|'''GROUP TST – Test stamps''']]
&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:x-large;&quot;&gt;· ♦ ·&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:x-large;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;[[/sandbox3/|&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:x-large;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;]]
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;!--Book Templates --&gt;

{{Shelves|Collecting}}
{{alphabetical}}
{{status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>6l882fnwl79jucvehzhv1p7xuo9jjnq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641925</id>
      <parentid>4641918</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T20:46:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Boris1951zz</username>
        <id>3378369</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641925</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="27031" sha1="pd2d5q6osd5s0bqp7o37ezy3x7uciif" xml:space="preserve">{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:1%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:&lt;span style=&quot;display:block;text-align:center;font-size:1%;font-style:italic;line-height:1em;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;}}
[[File:USA CATALOG LOGO3.png|400px]|center]]

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;[[File: USA A2new.jpg|130px]] [[File: USA F1.jpg|240px]] [[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|240px]] [[File: USA E8.jpg|180px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:xx-large; color:BLUE;&quot;&gt;'''''Welcome to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog!'''''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;


&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA A1.jpg|right|190px]]
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;
* In 1897 the United States became the first country in the world to use postage meters on an experimental basis to frank live mail. After years of further experimentation and development postage meters were finally approved for use by the general public in 1920. Experimentation continued long after this date as the machines continued to be improved and perfected. All this activity and fermentation makes the U.S. one of the most interesting and complex countries to collect for postage meter stamps.

* This online edition of ''The United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog'' is an expansion and update of the paper edition, written and published by Joel Hawkins and Rick Stambaugh in 1994 and updated previously in 2001. It uses a new, more logical, decimal system for assigning Type numbers. Type numbers that are different from the earlier edition show the previous designation as follows: &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:x-small; color:blue;&quot;&gt;''Type '''XXX''' in 2001 edition''&lt;/span&gt;
*&lt;div style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt; Comments, suggested changes, corrections, and additions to the catalog are encouraged. Email &lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt; &quot;''' Alan Knutson'''&quot;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;  boris1951@charter.net&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;


----

&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:medium; color:teal;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;'''''Latest changes:'''''&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
{|
|- 

|style=&quot;width:50%; color: teal;&quot;|
*30  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-G2.5'''&quot; added (Thank you Frankie S!)
*30  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.0.1'''&quot; added (Thank you Karim R!)
*30  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D4.3.1'''&quot; added (Thank you Karim R!)
*30  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D4.3'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-D4.3.2'''&quot;
*30  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; usage added, unusually wide label  (Thank you Otto B!)
*23  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.9'''&quot; added &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; (Thank you Mark S!)
*23  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.3C'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.3D'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-E3.8.1'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.8.2'''&quot;
*21  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F2.2'''&quot; added &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; (Thank you Mark H!)
*21  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F2'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-F2.1'''&quot;
*14  Jun: {{space|3.5}} Type &quot;'''IA4.1Bb'''&quot; missing last digit of meter number (''61168'')
*1   Jan: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PO-A6.2BB.f'''&quot; with large &quot;'''PO'''&quot; added
*1   Jan: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PO-A6.2BB.b'''&quot; illustration added
*5   Dec: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''QD1c'''&quot; added, &quot;'''CERTIFIED MAIL'''&quot;(Thank you Babs N!)
*5   Dec: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.7.1'''&quot; added, &quot;'''CERTIFIED MAIL'''&quot;(Thank you Frankie S and Otto B!)
*1   Dec: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E3.7'''&quot; added (Thank you Frankie S and Otto B!)
*11  Nov: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''IA4.6'''&quot; 700000 series added  
*22  Oct: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''HC1.1-5.3'''&quot; added &quot;'''ADD'L 1/4¢ ''' at bottom line of slogan/ad (''9007'')&quot;
*2   Oct: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.3A'''&quot; ''' HAZMAT ''' label added    (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   Oct: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-A1.11'''&quot; added, a version with several differences from the initial issue (Thank you Mark R!!)
*2   Oct: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-A1.1'''&quot; Renumbered to &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot;
*14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''QA7.2.1'''&quot; added, &quot;'''IMI'''&quot;     (Thank you Frankie S!)
*14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''QA7.2'''&quot; renumbered to &quot;'''QA7.2.0'''&quot;
*14 Sep: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-D4.4'''&quot; added    (Thank you Frankie S!)
*3   Sep: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-AG49'''&quot; &quot;'''Orbitran'''&quot; with complete box  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*1   Sep: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-F4.6'''&quot; &quot;'''EASYPOST'''&quot; with &quot;'''POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot;  added   (Thank you Frankie S!)
*1   Sep: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''IC4.1f'''&quot; meter with right digit missing (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*13 Aug: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''DF3.3'''&quot; added meter number to 8c usage [RRRR]   (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*7   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.5'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.5A'''&quot;, &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.5B'''&quot; added   (Thank you Frankie S!)
*5   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PFF4.1'''&quot; added &quot;'''Mrs Lyndon B. Johnson'''&quot;
*2   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-C2.4.4'''&quot; added   (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   Aug: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2D'''&quot; deleted
*29  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''SPE-IA1'''&quot; colors known noted (red or green) (second known example).   (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*20  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PO-B14.1A-3'''&quot; added (Thank you Otto B!)
*18  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-AD31.1A'''&quot; New illustration added  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*18  Jul: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-AD30'''&quot; note, illustration added  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*18  Jul: {{space|5}} Group &quot;'''PPS-A'''&quot;  Reorganized
*13  Jul: {{space|5}} Types &quot;'''CA1.2'''&quot; note added, solid filled rectangle in place of permit number (Meisel variety) (Thank you Robert O!)
*23  Jun: {{space|3}} Types &quot;'''OO-K5'''&quot; and &quot;'''QB1.2'''&quot; cross referencees added 
*20  Jun: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''OO-K5'''&quot; added, penalty statement in two lines at right of single line &quot;'''US OFFICIAL MAIL'''&quot; (Thank you Otto B!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9C.0'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-D5.9C.1'''&quot;added &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;(Thank you Frankie S!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.2'''&quot; added F/V indicated above date, &quot;'''USPSIMB'''&quot; font  (Thank you Frankie S!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.1'''&quot; added F/V indicated above date  (Thank you Frankie S!)
*9   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D5.9B'''&quot; changed to &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.0'''&quot;      
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-C8'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Stamps / Endicia'''&quot;  (Thank you Mark M!)
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-D03.1'''&quot; added, &quot;'''TNT Mailfast'''&quot; with meter type LB1.1A    (Thank you Mark M!)
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-Y01'''&quot; added &quot;'''DHL Global Mail'''&quot;
*1   Jun: {{space|5}} Added to the biblio. Hawkins, Joel A. &quot;'''State and Local Official Mail/ Official Business Slogan Meter '''&quot;
*30  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A02.4'''&quot; new usage added, new illustration  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*25  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-F1.2'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Easypost'''&quot;       (Thank you Frankie S!)
*20  May: {{space|3}} Slug &quot;'''4f'''&quot; for provisional with space created by removal of ½ between &quot;571&quot; and &quot;P&quot; from &quot;'''SEC 571½ P.L.&amp; R.'''&quot;.
*15  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-6Z01'''&quot; added     (Thank you Harold E!)
*15  May: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-6Z'''&quot; added &quot;'''Jitsu'''&quot;, a &quot;last mile delivery service&quot;    (Thank you Harold E!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A12.04c'''&quot; added, (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A13.01b'''&quot; New illustration, (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A12.01b'''&quot; New illustration, (will be realigned) (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*8   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A56.1'''&quot; new EKU, new usage, new illustration  (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*5   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E1.3D'''&quot; Added,      (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''OO-B1'''&quot; illustration added
*2   May: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PPS-5Z01'''&quot; added &quot;'''OnTrac'''&quot;, a &quot;last mile delivery service&quot;    (Thank you Mark M!)
*26  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A18.02.2'''&quot; usage added (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*24  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A19.06.2A'''&quot; usage and illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*24  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-A19.06.2B'''&quot; usage and illustration added (Thank you Ronnie R!)
*15  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-F4.5'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Easypost'''&quot;     (Thank you Mark H!)
*15  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PC-D3.3B.3B'''&quot; usage and illustration added     (Thank you Thomas R!)
*15  Apr: {{space|3}} Type &quot;'''PPS-4Z01'''&quot; added, &quot;'''Too Express'''&quot; a last mile, drone delivery service   (Thank you Harold E!)
*9   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E5.1'''&quot; additional directive usage added     (Thank you Frankie S!)
*5   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-D6'''&quot; reorganized, split into &quot;'''PC-D6.0, PC-D6.1.0, PC-D6.1.1'''&quot;
*4   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''QA6.3'''&quot; &quot;'''Neopost'''&quot; &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; added   (Thank you Mark H!)
*4   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''QB5.2A'''&quot; series &quot;00062&quot; under &quot;027H&quot; added    (Thank you Frankie S!)
*2   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E5.1'''&quot; added &quot;'''ENDICIA'''&quot;, &quot;'''IMI'''&quot;    (Thank you Thomas R!)
*2   Apr: {{space|5}} Type &quot;'''PC-E4.1'''&quot; added &quot;'''ENDICIA'''&quot;  (Thank you Karim R!)


|style=&quot;width:50%; color: teal;&quot;|

*


|}

&lt;br&gt;
== &lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:red; font-size:xx-large;&quot;&gt;'''Table of Contents'''&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; ==
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size:medium;&quot;&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Information for collectors/]]'''&lt;/u&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt; (''the basics of U.S. meter stamp collecting'')&lt;/span&gt;
: •• [[/Postage meters and mailing machines/|Postage meters and mailing machines]]
: •• [[/Meter and Permit numbers/|Meter and Permit numbers]]
: •• [[/Ink colors and fluorescence/|Ink colors and fluorescence]]
: •• [[/Town and date marks/|Town and date marks]]
: •• [[/Surcharge slugs/|Surcharge slugs]]
: •• [[/Essays/Specimens/Proofs/|Essays/Specimens/Proofs]]
: •• [[/Rarity and values/|Rarity and values]]
&lt;/div&gt;

* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Glossary and Abbreviations/]]'''&lt;/u&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:purple;&quot;&gt; (''understanding the stamp descriptions'')&lt;/span&gt; 
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Postage Meter Manufacturers (with time chart)/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Adhesive paper tapes/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Directional slugs/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
* &lt;u&gt;'''[[/Bibliography/]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
----
&lt;br&gt;
::&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt; '''(''Types A through Q represent the general commercial meters available to the public, the groups after Type Q  are for special services or types not generally available to the public,this latter group is not arranged in any particular order, but follow the general order established by Werner Simon.'')'''&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP A – Early experimental franks, prior to 1920/|'''GROUP A – Early experimental franks, prior to 1920''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA meter catalog Group A thumbnail.jpeg|150px]]
* [[/GROUP B – Square frank with wavy lines at the sides/|'''GROUP B – Square frank with wavy lines at the sides''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA B1.jpg|150px]]
* [[/GROUP C – Oval frank with wavy lines at the sides/|'''GROUP C – Oval frank with wavy lines at the sides''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA CA1.jpg|150px]]
* [[/GROUP D – Square or nearly square frank with simulated perforation outer frame/|'''GROUP D – Square or nearly square frank with simulated perforation outer frame''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: Group D thumb.jpg|180px]]
* [[/GROUP E – Frameless design with arcs in the corners/|'''GROUP E – Frameless design with arcs in the corners (NCR)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA E8.jpg|80px]]
* [[/GROUP F – Wide rectangular frank with flying eagle in center/|'''GROUP F – Wide rectangular frank with flying eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA F1.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA F4A.jpg|120px]]
* [[/GROUP G – Wide rectangular frank with sitting eagle in center/|'''GROUP G – Wide rectangular frank with sitting eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA G1.jpg|120px]] [[File: USA G3.jpg|120px]]
* [[/GROUP H – Rectangular frank with simulated perforation frame, separate town mark/|'''GROUP H – Rectangular frank with simulated perforation frame, separate town mark''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA H2.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA H3.jpg|120px]]
* [[/GROUP I – Frameless design with large sitting eagle in center/|'''GROUP I – Frameless design with large sitting eagle in center (Pitney Bowes)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA IA1.jpg|100px]] [[File: USA IB4.jpg|90px]] [[File: USA IC1.jpg|110px]]
* [[/GROUP J – Square design with straight outer frame, separate town mark/|'''GROUP J – Square design with straight outer frame, separate town mark (Postalia)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA J1.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA J6.jpg|140px]]
* [[/GROUP K – Frank with torch motif/|'''GROUP K – Frank with hand held torch''']] [[File: USA KA2.jpg|110px]] [[File: USA KB1.jpg|100px]][[File: USA KD1.jpg|90px]] [[File: USA KE1.jpg|140px]]
* [[/GROUP L – Frank with profile of eagle/|'''GROUP L – Frank with profile of eagle (Hasler)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA LA1.jpg|120px]] [[File: USA LB1A.jpg|140px]] 
* [[/GROUP M – Simple rectangle with star ornaments/|'''GROUP M – Simple rectangle with stars (Neopost)''']] [[File: MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File: USA P1.jpg|140px]]
* [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode/|'''GROUP N – Digital stamps without 2D barcode''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group NA – Pitney Bowes, eagle head and wing/|Sub-group NA – Pitney Bowes, eagle head and wing  (also ''LOW VALUE'')]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA M2.jpg|110px]] [[File:USA M5.jpg|120px]] [[File:USA M6A.jpg|120px]]
[[File:USA meter stamp NA examples.jpg|right|240px]]
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode/#Sub-group NB – Neopost-Hasler, frameless rectangular design with profile of eagle at right facing left/|Sub-group NB – Neopost-Hasler, complete profile of eagle facing left]]  [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA LC1.jpg|110px]]
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group NC – Neopost, torch-in-hand/|Sub-group NC – Neopost, torch-in-hand]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA N1.jpg|110px]] [[File:USA N2.jpg|120px]]
: •• [[/GROUP N – Digital stamps, no 2D barcode#/Sub-group ND – Francotyp-Postalia, bird in oval/|Sub-group ND – Francotyp-Postalia, bird in oval]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA MB1.jpg|140px]]
&lt;/div&gt;


::&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;'''(''Groups O and P not used to avoid confusion with Groups OO, PC, PO, PD, and PV.'')'''&lt;/span&gt;


* [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode/|'''GROUP Q – Digital stamps with &quot;Datamatrix&quot; or &quot;IBI Lite&quot; 2D barcode''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QA – Neopost-Hasler, Neopost (branded as Neopost, Hasler, or ASCOM Hasler)/|Sub-group QA – Hasler, Neopost-Hasler, Neopost, Quadient]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA meter stamp QA2.jpg|70px]] [[File:USA N3.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA R2A.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA stamp type R8.jpg|150px]]
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QB – Pitney Bowes#/|Sub-group QB – Pitney Bowes]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA M9.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA M13.jpg|130px]] [[File:USA M11.jpg|160px]]
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QC – Francotyp-Postalia/|Sub-group QC – Francotyp-Postalia]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA R5.jpg|130px]][[File:USA stamp type R10.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP Q – Digital stamps with 2D barcode#/Sub-group QD – Data-Pac/|Sub-group QD – Data-Pac]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA S1.jpg|130px]]
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
::&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt; '''(''The groups after Type Q  are for special services or types not generally available to the public, this latter group is not arranged in any particular order, but follow the general order established by Werner Simon.'')'''&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online/|'''GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#/Sub-group PC-A – E-stamp/|Sub-group PC-A – E-stamp]][[File:PC thumb.jpg|right|400px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-B – Neopost/|Sub-group PC-B – Neopost]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-C – Stamps.com/|Sub-group PC-C – Stamps.com]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-D – Pitney Bowes/|Sub-group PC-D – Pitney Bowes]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-E – Envelope Management Software (Endicia)/|Sub-group PC-E – Envelope Management Software (Endicia)]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-F – easypost/|Sub-group PC-F – easypost]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-G – USPS/|Sub-group PC-G – USPS]]
: •• [[/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online#Sub-group PC-H – Francotyp-Postalia/|Sub-group PC-H – Francotyp-Postalia]]
&lt;/div&gt;


* [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|'''GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters and franking systems operated by Post Office window clerks''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|Sub-group PO-A – Stamps generated by commercial postage meters modified for use in post offices]]
: •• [[/GROUP PO – Franks generated by meters operated by Post Office window clerks/|Sub-group PO-B – Stamps generated by machines or systems unique to Post Office use, with no resemblance to any commercial meter stamp]]
&lt;/div&gt;


* [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|'''GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due''']]
&lt;div style=&quot;color:#0000A0;&quot;&gt;
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-A – Thin arrow pointing right, inverted &quot;POSTAGE DUE&quot; above, inverted &quot;COLLECT&quot; below]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type A thumbnail.jpg|120px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-B – Right-pointing outline arrow containing &quot;POSTAGE DUE/PAID&quot;, barbs on pointed end]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type B thumbnail.jpg|120px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-C – Right-pointing outline arrow containing &quot;POSTAGE DUE/PAID&quot;, no barbs, lines thick on bottom]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type C thumbnail.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-D – Vertical rectangle containing &quot;POSTAGE/DUE&quot;]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type D thumbnail.jpg|110px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-E – Wide &quot;T&quot; containing &quot;POSTAGE/DUE&quot; (Pitney Bowes)]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type E thumbnail.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-F – Wide &quot;T&quot; containing &quot;POSTAGE/DUE&quot; (Friden)]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type F thumbnail.jpg|130px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-G – Digital label with &quot;POSTAGE DUE&quot; across top, Intermec]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Type G thumbnail.jpg|140px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-H – Digital P.O. counter label with &quot;PD&quot; in town line, MOS-UNISYS]] [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|20px]] [[File:USA Postage Due Types H and J spacer.jpg|180px]]
: •• [[/GROUP PD – Franks generated to indicate Postage Due/|Sub-group PD-J – Digital P.O. counter label with &quot;POSTAGE DUE&quot; at top]]
&lt;/div&gt;


* [[/GROUP PV – Self-service variable-rate stamp vending machine franks/|'''GROUP PV – Self-service variable-rate stamp vending machine franks''']]


* [[/GROUP OO – Official government business mail franks/|'''GROUP OO – Official government business mail franks''']]


* [[/GROUP OA – Official Armed Forces government business mail franks/|'''GROUP OA – Official Armed Forces government business mail franks''']]
: •• Sub-group OA-NAV – U.S. Navy
: •• Sub-group OA-AAF – U.S. Army &amp; Air Force 
: •• Sub-group OA-ARM – U.S. Army
: •• Sub-group OA-AIR – U.S. Air Force
: •• Sub-group OA-MAR – U.S. Marine Corps
: •• Sub-group OA-APO – Overseas Army and Air Force Post Offices
: •• Sub-group OA-FPO – Overseas Fleet Post Offices
: •• Sub-group OA-NGD – National Guard
&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP AR/|'''GROUP AR – Meter stamps used by the Armed Forces''']]
: •• Sub-group AR-NAV – U.S. Navy
: •• Sub-group AR-AAF – U.S. Army &amp; Air Force 
: •• Sub-group AR-ARM – U.S. Army
: •• Sub-group AR-AIR – U.S. Air Force
: •• Sub-group AR-MAR – U.S. Marine Corps
: •• Sub-group AR-APO – Overseas Army and Air Force Post Offices
: •• Sub-group AR-FPO – Overseas Fleet Post Offices
: •• Sub-group AR-NGD – National Guard

&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|'''GROUP ESY – Essays''']]
: •• Sub-group ESY-A – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Essays from before meters were approved for general use in 1920]]
: •• Sub-group ESY-B – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Early competitive development, 1921 to 1938]]
: •• Sub-group ESY-C – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Later competitive development (mechanical meters), 1938 to 1990s]]
: •• Sub-group ESY-D – [[/GROUP ESY – Essays/|Digital meter essays, 1980 to date]]
&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP MEI – Meisel/|'''GROUP MEI – Meisel''']]
&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUP PFF – Presidential Free Franks/|'''GROUP PFF – Presidential Free Franks''']]
&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/ |''' GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps''']]
: •• Sub-group PPS-A – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the UPS (United Parcel Service)]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-B – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the Rochester Package Delivery]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-C – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from the Retail Delivery Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-D – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from TNT]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-E – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Purolator]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-F – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from EFD Package Express]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-G – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from American Messenger Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-H – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from APD]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-I – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Berkshire Apparel Corporation]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-J – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Canpar]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-K – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from CMR]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-L – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from State of North Carolina Courier Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-M – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from DSI (Mr. Messenger, Inc ?)]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-N – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Hourly]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-O – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Local Parcel Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-P – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Maclen Express Co]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-Q – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Merchants Delivery Co]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-R – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Parcel Delivery Co]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-S – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Parcel Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-T – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Post Par]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-U – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Spee-Dee Delivery Service]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-V – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Metroline]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-W – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Amazon Prime]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-X – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from FEDEX/Federal Express]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-Y – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Global Mail]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from P R CHINA POST / USPS Partnership]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-2Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from DHL]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-3Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from uniuni]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-4Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Too Express]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-5Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from OnTrac]]
: •• Sub-group PPS-6Z – [[/GROUP PPS – Private Parcel Service stamps/|stamps originating from Jitsu]]


&lt;br /&gt;

* [[/GROUPS REV and SRV: Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|'''GROUPS REV and SRV– Non-postal franks used to collect tax, also known as fiscal or revenue franks''']]
: •• [[/GROUP REV – Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|Sub-group REV –Non-postal franks used to collect Federal tax/
: •• [[/GROUP SRV – Non-postal franks used to collect tax/|Sub-group SRV –Non-postal franks used to collect State and local tax/

&lt;br&gt;
* [[/GROUP SPE – Specimens/|'''GROUP SPE – Specimens''']]
&lt;br&gt;

* [[/GROUP TST – Test stamps/|'''GROUP TST – Test stamps''']]
&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;br /&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:x-large;&quot;&gt;· ♦ ·&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:x-large;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;[[/sandbox3/|&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue; font-size:x-large;&quot;&gt;·&lt;/span&gt;]]
&lt;/div&gt;
----

&lt;!--Book Templates --&gt;

{{Shelves|Collecting}}
{{alphabetical}}
{{status|25%}}</text>
      <sha1>pd2d5q6osd5s0bqp7o37ezy3x7uciif</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Structural Biochemistry/Volume 1</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>360974</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641875</id>
      <parentid>4640725</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T13:26:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641875</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12554" sha1="o0wc3htuprfcv0myki9ti0khiy4dhhp" xml:space="preserve">= Physics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Physics}}
= Thermodynamics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Thermodynamics}}
= Zeroth Law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Zeroth_Law}}
= First law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/First_law}}
= Second law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Second_law}}
= Thermodynamic Cycles =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carnot_Cycle/}}
= Third law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Third_law}}
= Internal Energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Internal_Energy}}
= Entropy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Entropy}}
= Enthalpy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Enthalpy}}
= Heat capacity =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Heat_capacity}}
= Free energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Free_energy}}
= Material Equilibrium =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Material_Equilibrium}}
= Phase Diagrams =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phase_Diagrams}}
= Phase Equilibria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phase_Equilibria}}
= Endergonic reaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Endergonic_reaction}}
= Exergonic reaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Exergonic_reaction}}
= Molecular Thermodynamics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Thermodynamics}}
= Thermodynamic Equilibrium =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Thermodynamic_Equilibrium}}
= Ideal Gas =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ideal_Gas}}
= Equation for Process Calculations for Ideal Gases =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Equation_for_Process_Calculations_for_Ideal_Gases}}
= Irreversible Process =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Irreversible_Process}}
= Application of the Virial Equations =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Application_of_the_Virial_Equations}}
= Bioenergetics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioenergetics}}
= Energy coupling in chemical reactions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Energy_coupling_in_chemical_reactions}}
= Metabolism =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metabolism}}
= Anabolism =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Anabolism}}
= Catabolism =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Catabolism}}
= Biophysics- Single Molecule techniques =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biophysics-_Single_Molecule_techniques}}
=  =

= Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry}}
= Chemical Bonding =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding}}
= Covalent Bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Covalent_bonds}}
= Noncovalent Bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Noncovalent_bonds}}
= Hydrogen bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Hydrogen_bonds}}
= Hydrophobic Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Hydrophobic_interaction}}
= Van der Waals Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Van_der_Waals_interaction}}
= Dipole Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Dipole_interaction}}
= Ionic Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Ionic_interaction}}
= Disulfide Bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Disulfide_bonds}}
= Multiple ways to make Disulfides =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Disulfide_bonds/Multiple_Ways_to_make_Disulfides}}
= Electronic Structure Theories =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Electronic_Structure_Theories}}
= Biochemical Natural Selection =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biochemical_Natural_Selection}}
= Electronic Structure Theories =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Electronic_Structure_Theories}}
= Organic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry}}
= Organic Functional Groups =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group}}
= Hydroxyl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Hydroxyl}}
= Carbonyl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Carbonyl}}
= Carboxyl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Carboxyl}}
= Amino =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Amino}}
= Amide =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Amide}}
= Sulfhydryl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Sulfhydryl}}
= Phosphate =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Phosphate}}
= Organic Synthesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Synthesis}}
= Types of Macromolecules =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Types_of_Macromolecules}}
= Carbohydrates =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Carbohydrates}}
= Nucleic Acids =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Nucleic_Acids_(DNA)}}
= Lipids =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Lipids}}
= Proteins =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Proteins}}
= Reagents =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Reagents}}
= Mechanisms of Organic Molecules =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Mechanisms_of_Organic_Molecules}}
= Stereochemistry of Organic Molecules =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Stereochemistry}}
= Chemistry of Important Organic Molecules in Biochemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/}}
= Vitamins and Cofactors =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamins_and_Cofactors}}
= Vitamin D =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_D}}
= Vitamin K =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_K}}
= Vitamin C =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_C}}
= Vitamin A =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_A}}
= Vitamin E =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_E}}
= Vitamin B =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B}}
= Vitamin B12 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B12}}
= Vitamin B6 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B6}}
= Important Organic Reactions in Biochemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry}}
= Peptide Bonding =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry/Peptide_Bonding}}
= Techniques in Organic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Techniques_in_Organic_Chemistry}}
= Methods of Separation and Isolation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Separation_and_Isolation}}
= Methods of Purification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Purification}}
= Methods of Identification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Identification}}
= Method of Combustion Analysis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Combustion_Analysis}}
= Fischer Esterification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Fischer_Esterification}}
= Trans Esterification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Trans_Esterification}}
= Organic Chemistry Terms =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_Terms}}
= Synthesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Synthesis}}
= Organometallic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organometallic_Chemistry}}
= Bioorganometallic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioorganometallic_Chemistry}}
= Degree of Unsaturation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Degree_of_Unsaturation}}
= Acid-Base Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Acid-Base_Chemistry}}
= Inorganic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry}}
= Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metals}}
= Alkali Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Alkali_Metals}}
= Alkali Earth Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Alkali_Earth_metals/}}
= Transition Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Transition_Metals}}
= Poor Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Poor_Metals}}
= Rare Earth Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Rare_Earth_Metals}}
= Biological Roles of Metal Ions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biological_Roles_of_Metal_Ions}}
= Oxidation states =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Oxidation_states}}
= Copper Metallochaperones =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Copper_Metallochaperones}}
= Bioremediation of Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioremediation_of_Metals}}
= Metalloids/Semimetals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Semimetals}}
= Introduction of porous Silicon =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Semimetals}}
= Carbon Nanomaterials =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carbon_Nanomaterials}}
= Nonmetals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nonmetals}}
= Halogens =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Nonmetals/Halogens}}
= Noble Gases =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Noble_Gases}}
= Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Linear_Combination_of_Atomic_Orbitals}}
= Molecular Orbitals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Orbitals}}
= How to Construct Molecular Orbital Diagram =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/How_to_Construct_Molecular_Orbital_Diagram}}
= Reduction Formula and Projection Operator =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Reduction_Formula_and_Projection_Operator}}
= Point Groups =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Point_Groups}}
= Character Table =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Character_Table}}
= SALC =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/SALC}}
= Chemical Reactions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Reactions}}
= Rate Laws =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Rate_Laws}}
= Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Kinetic_and_Thermodynamic_Control}}
= Reaction types =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Reaction_types}}
= Molecular Geometry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Geometry}}
= Periodic trends =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Periodic_trends}}
= Atomic Radius =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Atomic_Radius}}
= Electron Affinity =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Electron_Affinity}}
= Electronegativity =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Electronegativity}}
= Ionization Energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ionization_Energy}}
= Metallic Behavior =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metallic_Behavior}}
= Melting Point =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Melting_Point}}
= Medicinal Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Medicinal_Chemistry}}
= Cystalline solid state =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cystalline_solid_state}}
= Formulas and structures =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Formulas_and_structures}}
= General Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/General_Chemistry}}
= Significant Figures =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Significant_Figures}}
= Matter =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Matter}}
=  =

= Biology =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biological_Bases/}}
= Properties of Living Organisms =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Properties_of_Living_Organisms}}
= Retinoid =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Retinoid}}
= Evolution =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolutionary_Bases/}}
= History of the Earth =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/History_of_the_Earth}}
= RNA World Hypothesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/RNA_World_Hypothesis}}
= Evolution in the Laboratory =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_in_the_Laboratory}}
= Evolution of Humans =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_of_Humans}}
= Evolution of Populations =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_of_Populations}}
= The Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Oparin-Haldane_Hypothesis}}
= Molecular Evolution =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Evolution}}
= Three Domains of Life =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life}}
= Archaea =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Archaea}}
= SAMPylation Protein in Archaea =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Archaea/SAMPylation_Protein_in_Archaea}}
= Bacteria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Bacteria}}
= Eukarya =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Eukarya}}
= Community Ecology =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Eukarya/Community_Ecology}}
= The Endosymbiotic Theory =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Endosymbiotic_Theory}}
= The Evolution of Membranes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Evolution_of_Membranes}}
= Natural Selection of Aluminum and Silicon =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Natural_Selection_of_Aluminum_and_Silicon}}
= Speciation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Speciation}}
= Gene Flow =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Gene_Flow}}
= Organismic and Evolutionary Biology =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organismic_and_Evolutionary_Biology}}
= Hardy-Weinberg Principle =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Hardy-Weinberg_Principle}}</text>
      <sha1>o0wc3htuprfcv0myki9ti0khiy4dhhp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641883</id>
      <parentid>4641875</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T14:55:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641883</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12549" sha1="g7f61hufyfvvk1evzizs3d2w05butou" xml:space="preserve">= Physics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Physics}}
= Thermodynamics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Thermodynamics}}
= Zeroth Law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Zeroth_Law}}
= First law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/First_law}}
= Second law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Second_law}}
= Thermodynamic Cycles =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carnot_Cycle}}
= Third law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Third_law}}
= Internal Energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Internal_Energy}}
= Entropy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Entropy}}
= Enthalpy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Enthalpy}}
= Heat capacity =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Heat_capacity}}
= Free energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Free_energy}}
= Material Equilibrium =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Material_Equilibrium}}
= Phase Diagrams =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phase_Diagrams}}
= Phase Equilibria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phase_Equilibria}}
= Endergonic reaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Endergonic_reaction}}
= Exergonic reaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Exergonic_reaction}}
= Molecular Thermodynamics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Thermodynamics}}
= Thermodynamic Equilibrium =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Thermodynamic_Equilibrium}}
= Ideal Gas =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ideal_Gas}}
= Equation for Process Calculations for Ideal Gases =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Equation_for_Process_Calculations_for_Ideal_Gases}}
= Irreversible Process =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Irreversible_Process}}
= Application of the Virial Equations =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Application_of_the_Virial_Equations}}
= Bioenergetics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioenergetics}}
= Energy coupling in chemical reactions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Energy_coupling_in_chemical_reactions}}
= Metabolism =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metabolism}}
= Anabolism =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Anabolism}}
= Catabolism =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Catabolism}}
= Biophysics- Single Molecule techniques =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biophysics-_Single_Molecule_techniques}}
=  =

= Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry}}
= Chemical Bonding =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding}}
= Covalent Bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Covalent_bonds}}
= Noncovalent Bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Noncovalent_bonds}}
= Hydrogen bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Hydrogen_bonds}}
= Hydrophobic Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Hydrophobic_interaction}}
= Van der Waals Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Van_der_Waals_interaction}}
= Dipole Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Dipole_interaction}}
= Ionic Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Ionic_interaction}}
= Disulfide Bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Disulfide_bonds}}
= Multiple ways to make Disulfides =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Disulfide_bonds/Multiple_Ways_to_make_Disulfides}}
= Electronic Structure Theories =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Electronic_Structure_Theories}}
= Biochemical Natural Selection =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biochemical_Natural_Selection}}
= Electronic Structure Theories =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Electronic_Structure_Theories}}
= Organic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry}}
= Organic Functional Groups =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group}}
= Hydroxyl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Hydroxyl}}
= Carbonyl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Carbonyl}}
= Carboxyl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Carboxyl}}
= Amino =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Amino}}
= Amide =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Amide}}
= Sulfhydryl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Sulfhydryl}}
= Phosphate =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Phosphate}}
= Organic Synthesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Synthesis}}
= Types of Macromolecules =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Types_of_Macromolecules}}
= Carbohydrates =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Carbohydrates}}
= Nucleic Acids =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Nucleic_Acids_(DNA)}}
= Lipids =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Lipids}}
= Proteins =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Proteins}}
= Reagents =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Reagents}}
= Mechanisms of Organic Molecules =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Mechanisms_of_Organic_Molecules}}
= Stereochemistry of Organic Molecules =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Stereochemistry}}
= Chemistry of Important Organic Molecules in Biochemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry}}
= Vitamins and Cofactors =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamins_and_Cofactors}}
= Vitamin D =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_D}}
= Vitamin K =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_K}}
= Vitamin C =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_C}}
= Vitamin A =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_A}}
= Vitamin E =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_E}}
= Vitamin B =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B}}
= Vitamin B12 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B12}}
= Vitamin B6 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B6}}
= Important Organic Reactions in Biochemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry}}
= Peptide Bonding =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry/Peptide_Bonding}}
= Techniques in Organic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Techniques_in_Organic_Chemistry}}
= Methods of Separation and Isolation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Separation_and_Isolation}}
= Methods of Purification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Purification}}
= Methods of Identification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Identification}}
= Method of Combustion Analysis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Combustion_Analysis}}
= Fischer Esterification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Fischer_Esterification}}
= Trans Esterification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Trans_Esterification}}
= Organic Chemistry Terms =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_Terms}}
= Synthesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Synthesis}}
= Organometallic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organometallic_Chemistry}}
= Bioorganometallic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioorganometallic_Chemistry}}
= Degree of Unsaturation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Degree_of_Unsaturation}}
= Acid-Base Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Acid-Base_Chemistry}}
= Inorganic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry}}
= Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metals}}
= Alkali Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Alkali_Metals}}
= Alkali Earth Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Alkali_Earth_metals}}
= Transition Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Transition_Metals}}
= Poor Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Poor_Metals}}
= Rare Earth Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Rare_Earth_Metals}}
= Biological Roles of Metal Ions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biological_Roles_of_Metal_Ions}}
= Oxidation states =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Oxidation_states}}
= Copper Metallochaperones =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Copper_Metallochaperones}}
= Bioremediation of Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioremediation_of_Metals}}
= Metalloids/Semimetals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Semimetals}}
= Introduction of porous Silicon =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Semimetals}}
= Carbon Nanomaterials =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carbon_Nanomaterials}}
= Nonmetals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nonmetals}}
= Halogens =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Nonmetals/Halogens}}
= Noble Gases =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Noble_Gases}}
= Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Linear_Combination_of_Atomic_Orbitals}}
= Molecular Orbitals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Orbitals}}
= How to Construct Molecular Orbital Diagram =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/How_to_Construct_Molecular_Orbital_Diagram}}
= Reduction Formula and Projection Operator =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Reduction_Formula_and_Projection_Operator}}
= Point Groups =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Point_Groups}}
= Character Table =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Character_Table}}
= SALC =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/SALC}}
= Chemical Reactions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Reactions}}
= Rate Laws =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Rate_Laws}}
= Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Kinetic_and_Thermodynamic_Control}}
= Reaction types =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Reaction_types}}
= Molecular Geometry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Geometry}}
= Periodic trends =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Periodic_trends}}
= Atomic Radius =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Atomic_Radius}}
= Electron Affinity =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Electron_Affinity}}
= Electronegativity =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Electronegativity}}
= Ionization Energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ionization_Energy}}
= Metallic Behavior =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metallic_Behavior}}
= Melting Point =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Melting_Point}}
= Medicinal Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Medicinal_Chemistry}}
= Cystalline solid state =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cystalline_solid_state}}
= Formulas and structures =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Formulas_and_structures}}
= General Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/General_Chemistry}}
= Significant Figures =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Significant_Figures}}
= Matter =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Matter}}
=  =

= Biology =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biological_Bases}}
= Properties of Living Organisms =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Properties_of_Living_Organisms}}
= Retinoid =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Retinoid}}
= Evolution =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolutionary_Bases}}
= History of the Earth =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/History_of_the_Earth}}
= RNA World Hypothesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/RNA_World_Hypothesis}}
= Evolution in the Laboratory =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_in_the_Laboratory}}
= Evolution of Humans =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_of_Humans}}
= Evolution of Populations =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_of_Populations}}
= The Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Oparin-Haldane_Hypothesis}}
= Molecular Evolution =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Evolution}}
= Three Domains of Life =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life}}
= Archaea =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Archaea}}
= SAMPylation Protein in Archaea =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Archaea/SAMPylation_Protein_in_Archaea}}
= Bacteria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Bacteria}}
= Eukarya =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Eukarya}}
= Community Ecology =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Eukarya/Community_Ecology}}
= The Endosymbiotic Theory =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Endosymbiotic_Theory}}
= The Evolution of Membranes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Evolution_of_Membranes}}
= Natural Selection of Aluminum and Silicon =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Natural_Selection_of_Aluminum_and_Silicon}}
= Speciation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Speciation}}
= Gene Flow =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Gene_Flow}}
= Organismic and Evolutionary Biology =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organismic_and_Evolutionary_Biology}}
= Hardy-Weinberg Principle =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Hardy-Weinberg_Principle}}</text>
      <sha1>g7f61hufyfvvk1evzizs3d2w05butou</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641885</id>
      <parentid>4641883</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T14:59:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641885</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12543" sha1="s719cljvyhv1pi4rjulu2sq3ehfjbr9" xml:space="preserve">= Physics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Physics}}
= Thermodynamics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Thermodynamics}}
= Zeroth Law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Zeroth_Law}}
= First law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/First_law}}
= Second law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Second_law}}
= Thermodynamic Cycles =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carnot_Cycle}}
= Third law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Third_law}}
= Internal Energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Internal_Energy}}
= Entropy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Entropy}}
= Enthalpy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Enthalpy}}
= Heat capacity =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Heat_capacity}}
= Free energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Free_energy}}
= Material Equilibrium =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Material_Equilibrium}}
= Phase Diagrams =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phase_Diagrams}}
= Phase Equilibria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phase_Equilibria}}
= Endergonic reaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Endergonic_reaction}}
= Exergonic reaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Exergonic_reaction}}
= Molecular Thermodynamics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Thermodynamics}}
= Thermodynamic Equilibrium =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Thermodynamic_Equilibrium}}
= Ideal Gas =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ideal_Gas}}
= Equation for Process Calculations for Ideal Gases =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Equation_for_Process_Calculations_for_Ideal_Gases}}
= Irreversible Process =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Irreversible_Process}}
= Application of the Virial Equations =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Application_of_the_Virial_Equations}}
= Bioenergetics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioenergetics}}
= Energy coupling in chemical reactions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Energy_coupling_in_chemical_reactions}}
= Metabolism =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metabolism}}
= Anabolism =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Anabolism}}
= Catabolism =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Catabolism}}
= Biophysics- Single Molecule techniques =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biophysics-_Single_Molecule_techniques}}
= Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry}}
= Chemical Bonding =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding}}
= Covalent Bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Covalent_bonds}}
= Noncovalent Bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Noncovalent_bonds}}
= Hydrogen bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Hydrogen_bonds}}
= Hydrophobic Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Hydrophobic_interaction}}
= Van der Waals Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Van_der_Waals_interaction}}
= Dipole Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Dipole_interaction}}
= Ionic Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Ionic_interaction}}
= Disulfide Bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Disulfide_bonds}}
= Multiple ways to make Disulfides =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Disulfide_bonds/Multiple_Ways_to_make_Disulfides}}
= Electronic Structure Theories =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Electronic_Structure_Theories}}
= Biochemical Natural Selection =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biochemical_Natural_Selection}}
= Electronic Structure Theories =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Electronic_Structure_Theories}}
= Organic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry}}
= Organic Functional Groups =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group}}
= Hydroxyl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Hydroxyl}}
= Carbonyl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Carbonyl}}
= Carboxyl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Carboxyl}}
= Amino =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Amino}}
= Amide =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Amide}}
= Sulfhydryl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Sulfhydryl}}
= Phosphate =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Phosphate}}
= Organic Synthesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Synthesis}}
= Types of Macromolecules =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Types_of_Macromolecules}}
= Carbohydrates =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Carbohydrates}}
= Nucleic Acids =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Nucleic_Acids_(DNA)}}
= Lipids =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Lipids}}
= Proteins =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Proteins}}
= Reagents =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Reagents}}
= Mechanisms of Organic Molecules =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Mechanisms_of_Organic_Molecules}}
= Stereochemistry of Organic Molecules =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Stereochemistry}}
= Chemistry of Important Organic Molecules in Biochemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry}}
= Vitamins and Cofactors =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamins_and_Cofactors}}
= Vitamin D =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_D}}
= Vitamin K =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_K}}
= Vitamin C =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_C}}
= Vitamin A =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_A}}
= Vitamin E =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_E}}
= Vitamin B =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B}}
= Vitamin B12 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B12}}
= Vitamin B6 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B6}}
= Important Organic Reactions in Biochemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry}}
= Peptide Bonding =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry/Peptide_Bonding}}
= Techniques in Organic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Techniques_in_Organic_Chemistry}}
= Methods of Separation and Isolation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Separation_and_Isolation}}
= Methods of Purification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Purification}}
= Methods of Identification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Identification}}
= Method of Combustion Analysis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Combustion_Analysis}}
= Fischer Esterification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Fischer_Esterification}}
= Trans Esterification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Trans_Esterification}}
= Organic Chemistry Terms =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_Terms}}
= Synthesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Synthesis}}
= Organometallic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organometallic_Chemistry}}
= Bioorganometallic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioorganometallic_Chemistry}}
= Degree of Unsaturation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Degree_of_Unsaturation}}
= Acid-Base Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Acid-Base_Chemistry}}
= Inorganic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry}}
= Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metals}}
= Alkali Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Alkali_Metals}}
= Alkali Earth Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Alkali_Earth_metals}}
= Transition Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Transition_Metals}}
= Poor Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Poor_Metals}}
= Rare Earth Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Rare_Earth_Metals}}
= Biological Roles of Metal Ions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biological_Roles_of_Metal_Ions}}
= Oxidation states =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Oxidation_states}}
= Copper Metallochaperones =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Copper_Metallochaperones}}
= Bioremediation of Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioremediation_of_Metals}}
= Metalloids/Semimetals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Semimetals}}
= Introduction of porous Silicon =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Semimetals}}
= Carbon Nanomaterials =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carbon_Nanomaterials}}
= Nonmetals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nonmetals}}
= Halogens =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Nonmetals/Halogens}}
= Noble Gases =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Noble_Gases}}
= Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Linear_Combination_of_Atomic_Orbitals}}
= Molecular Orbitals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Orbitals}}
= How to Construct Molecular Orbital Diagram =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/How_to_Construct_Molecular_Orbital_Diagram}}
= Reduction Formula and Projection Operator =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Reduction_Formula_and_Projection_Operator}}
= Point Groups =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Point_Groups}}
= Character Table =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Character_Table}}
= SALC =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/SALC}}
= Chemical Reactions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Reactions}}
= Rate Laws =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Rate_Laws}}
= Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Kinetic_and_Thermodynamic_Control}}
= Reaction types =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Reaction_types}}
= Molecular Geometry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Geometry}}
= Periodic trends =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Periodic_trends}}
= Atomic Radius =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Atomic_Radius}}
= Electron Affinity =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Electron_Affinity}}
= Electronegativity =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Electronegativity}}
= Ionization Energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ionization_Energy}}
= Metallic Behavior =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metallic_Behavior}}
= Melting Point =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Melting_Point}}
= Medicinal Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Medicinal_Chemistry}}
= Cystalline solid state =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cystalline_solid_state}}
= Formulas and structures =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Formulas_and_structures}}
= General Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/General_Chemistry}}
= Significant Figures =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Significant_Figures}}
= Matter =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Matter}}
=  =

= Biology =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biological_Bases}}
= Properties of Living Organisms =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Properties_of_Living_Organisms}}
= Retinoid =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Retinoid}}
= Evolution =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolutionary_Bases}}
= History of the Earth =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/History_of_the_Earth}}
= RNA World Hypothesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/RNA_World_Hypothesis}}
= Evolution in the Laboratory =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_in_the_Laboratory}}
= Evolution of Humans =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_of_Humans}}
= Evolution of Populations =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_of_Populations}}
= The Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Oparin-Haldane_Hypothesis}}
= Molecular Evolution =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Evolution}}
= Three Domains of Life =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life}}
= Archaea =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Archaea}}
= SAMPylation Protein in Archaea =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Archaea/SAMPylation_Protein_in_Archaea}}
= Bacteria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Bacteria}}
= Eukarya =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Eukarya}}
= Community Ecology =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Eukarya/Community_Ecology}}
= The Endosymbiotic Theory =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Endosymbiotic_Theory}}
= The Evolution of Membranes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Evolution_of_Membranes}}
= Natural Selection of Aluminum and Silicon =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Natural_Selection_of_Aluminum_and_Silicon}}
= Speciation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Speciation}}
= Gene Flow =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Gene_Flow}}
= Organismic and Evolutionary Biology =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organismic_and_Evolutionary_Biology}}
= Hardy-Weinberg Principle =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Hardy-Weinberg_Principle}}</text>
      <sha1>s719cljvyhv1pi4rjulu2sq3ehfjbr9</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641888</id>
      <parentid>4641885</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T15:11:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Dirk Hünniger</username>
        <id>343292</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641888</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="12537" sha1="47vjc2e68f26u89itftan6dfkeict84" xml:space="preserve">= Physics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Physics}}
= Thermodynamics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Thermodynamics}}
= Zeroth Law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Zeroth_Law}}
= First law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/First_law}}
= Second law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Second_law}}
= Thermodynamic Cycles =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carnot_Cycle}}
= Third law =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Third_law}}
= Internal Energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Internal_Energy}}
= Entropy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Entropy}}
= Enthalpy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Enthalpy}}
= Heat capacity =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Heat_capacity}}
= Free energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Free_energy}}
= Material Equilibrium =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Material_Equilibrium}}
= Phase Diagrams =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phase_Diagrams}}
= Phase Equilibria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Phase_Equilibria}}
= Endergonic reaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Endergonic_reaction}}
= Exergonic reaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Exergonic_reaction}}
= Molecular Thermodynamics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Thermodynamics}}
= Thermodynamic Equilibrium =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Thermodynamic_Equilibrium}}
= Ideal Gas =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ideal_Gas}}
= Equation for Process Calculations for Ideal Gases =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Equation_for_Process_Calculations_for_Ideal_Gases}}
= Irreversible Process =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Irreversible_Process}}
= Application of the Virial Equations =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Application_of_the_Virial_Equations}}
= Bioenergetics =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioenergetics}}
= Energy coupling in chemical reactions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Energy_coupling_in_chemical_reactions}}
= Metabolism =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metabolism}}
= Anabolism =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Anabolism}}
= Catabolism =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Catabolism}}
= Biophysics- Single Molecule techniques =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biophysics-_Single_Molecule_techniques}}
= Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry}}
= Chemical Bonding =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding}}
= Covalent Bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Covalent_bonds}}
= Noncovalent Bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Noncovalent_bonds}}
= Hydrogen bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Hydrogen_bonds}}
= Hydrophobic Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Hydrophobic_interaction}}
= Van der Waals Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Van_der_Waals_interaction}}
= Dipole Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Dipole_interaction}}
= Ionic Interaction =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/Ionic_interaction}}
= Disulfide Bonds =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Disulfide_bonds}}
= Multiple ways to make Disulfides =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Disulfide_bonds/Multiple_Ways_to_make_Disulfides}}
= Electronic Structure Theories =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Electronic_Structure_Theories}}
= Biochemical Natural Selection =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biochemical_Natural_Selection}}
= Electronic Structure Theories =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Bonding/_Electronic_Structure_Theories}}
= Organic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry}}
= Organic Functional Groups =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group}}
= Hydroxyl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Hydroxyl}}
= Carbonyl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Carbonyl}}
= Carboxyl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Carboxyl}}
= Amino =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Amino}}
= Amide =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Amide}}
= Sulfhydryl =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Sulfhydryl}}
= Phosphate =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Functional_Group/Phosphate}}
= Organic Synthesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Synthesis}}
= Types of Macromolecules =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Types_of_Macromolecules}}
= Carbohydrates =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Carbohydrates}}
= Nucleic Acids =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Nucleic_Acids_(DNA)}}
= Lipids =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Lipids}}
= Proteins =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Proteins}}
= Reagents =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Reagents}}
= Mechanisms of Organic Molecules =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Mechanisms_of_Organic_Molecules}}
= Stereochemistry of Organic Molecules =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Stereochemistry}}
= Chemistry of Important Organic Molecules in Biochemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry}}
= Vitamins and Cofactors =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamins_and_Cofactors}}
= Vitamin D =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_D}}
= Vitamin K =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_K}}
= Vitamin C =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_C}}
= Vitamin A =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_A}}
= Vitamin E =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_E}}
= Vitamin B =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B}}
= Vitamin B12 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B12}}
= Vitamin B6 =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemistry_of_important_organic_molecules_in_Biochemistry/Vitamin_B6}}
= Important Organic Reactions in Biochemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry}}
= Peptide Bonding =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Important_Organic_Reactions_in_Biochemistry/Peptide_Bonding}}
= Techniques in Organic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Techniques_in_Organic_Chemistry}}
= Methods of Separation and Isolation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Separation_and_Isolation}}
= Methods of Purification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Purification}}
= Methods of Identification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Methods_of_Identification}}
= Method of Combustion Analysis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Combustion_Analysis}}
= Fischer Esterification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Fischer_Esterification}}
= Trans Esterification =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Method_of_Trans_Esterification}}
= Organic Chemistry Terms =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Organic_Chemistry_Terms}}
= Synthesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organic_Chemistry/Synthesis}}
= Organometallic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organometallic_Chemistry}}
= Bioorganometallic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioorganometallic_Chemistry}}
= Degree of Unsaturation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Degree_of_Unsaturation}}
= Acid-Base Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Acid-Base_Chemistry}}
= Inorganic Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry}}
= Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metals}}
= Alkali Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Alkali_Metals}}
= Alkali Earth Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Alkali_Earth_metals}}
= Transition Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Transition_Metals}}
= Poor Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Poor_Metals}}
= Rare Earth Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Rare_Earth_Metals}}
= Biological Roles of Metal Ions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biological_Roles_of_Metal_Ions}}
= Oxidation states =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Oxidation_states}}
= Copper Metallochaperones =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Copper_Metallochaperones}}
= Bioremediation of Metals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Bioremediation_of_Metals}}
= Metalloids/Semimetals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Semimetals}}
= Introduction of porous Silicon =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Semimetals}}
= Carbon Nanomaterials =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Carbon_Nanomaterials}}
= Nonmetals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Nonmetals}}
= Halogens =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Inorganic_Chemistry/Nonmetals/Halogens}}
= Noble Gases =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Noble_Gases}}
= Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Linear_Combination_of_Atomic_Orbitals}}
= Molecular Orbitals =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Orbitals}}
= How to Construct Molecular Orbital Diagram =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/How_to_Construct_Molecular_Orbital_Diagram}}
= Reduction Formula and Projection Operator =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Reduction_Formula_and_Projection_Operator}}
= Point Groups =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Point_Groups}}
= Character Table =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Character_Table}}
= SALC =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/SALC}}
= Chemical Reactions =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Chemical_Reactions}}
= Rate Laws =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Rate_Laws}}
= Kinetic and Thermodynamic Control =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Kinetic_and_Thermodynamic_Control}}
= Reaction types =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Reaction_types}}
= Molecular Geometry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Geometry}}
= Periodic trends =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Periodic_trends}}
= Atomic Radius =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Atomic_Radius}}
= Electron Affinity =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Electron_Affinity}}
= Electronegativity =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Electronegativity}}
= Ionization Energy =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Ionization_Energy}}
= Metallic Behavior =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Metallic_Behavior}}
= Melting Point =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Melting_Point}}
= Medicinal Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Medicinal_Chemistry}}
= Cystalline solid state =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Cystalline_solid_state}}
= Formulas and structures =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Formulas_and_structures}}
= General Chemistry =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/General_Chemistry}}
= Significant Figures =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Significant_Figures}}
= Matter =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Matter}}
= Biology =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Biological_Bases}}
= Properties of Living Organisms =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Properties_of_Living_Organisms}}
= Retinoid =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Retinoid}}
= Evolution =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolutionary_Bases}}
= History of the Earth =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/History_of_the_Earth}}
= RNA World Hypothesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/RNA_World_Hypothesis}}
= Evolution in the Laboratory =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_in_the_Laboratory}}
= Evolution of Humans =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_of_Humans}}
= Evolution of Populations =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Evolution_of_Populations}}
= The Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Oparin-Haldane_Hypothesis}}
= Molecular Evolution =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Molecular_Evolution}}
= Three Domains of Life =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life}}
= Archaea =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Archaea}}
= SAMPylation Protein in Archaea =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Archaea/SAMPylation_Protein_in_Archaea}}
= Bacteria =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Bacteria}}
= Eukarya =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Eukarya}}
= Community Ecology =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Three_Domains_of_Life/Eukarya/Community_Ecology}}
= The Endosymbiotic Theory =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Endosymbiotic_Theory}}
= The Evolution of Membranes =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/The_Evolution_of_Membranes}}
= Natural Selection of Aluminum and Silicon =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Natural_Selection_of_Aluminum_and_Silicon}}
= Speciation =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Speciation}}
= Gene Flow =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Gene_Flow}}
= Organismic and Evolutionary Biology =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Organismic_and_Evolutionary_Biology}}
= Hardy-Weinberg Principle =
{{:Structural_Biochemistry/Hardy-Weinberg_Principle}}</text>
      <sha1>47vjc2e68f26u89itftan6dfkeict84</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fractals/Iterations in the complex plane/MandelbrotSetExterior</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>367335</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641879</id>
      <parentid>4641660</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T14:11:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aokoroko</username>
        <id>3059689</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* C++ High-Precision Perturbation CLI Renderer */</comment>
      <origin>4641879</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="38278" sha1="o7yeiwnkg7zmcrhkvhinp57fd2m74t9" xml:space="preserve">[[Fractals/color_mandelbrot|Colouring]] of exterior of Mandelbrot set can be :
* non-smooth = Escape Time = dwell
** Boolean/binary Escape Time Method   ( bETM/M )
** discrete = Level Set Method =  LSM/M = integer ETM = iETM/M
* Smooth  :
** radial measures
*** Real Escape Time Method( rETM/M ) 
*** Distance Estimation Method( DEM/M )
*** radius of complex potential = Complex Potential Method ( CPM/M )
** angular measures
*** argument of complex potential 
*** SAC = stripe average coloring 
*** other
**** &quot;triangle inequality&quot;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.hiddendimension.com/fractalmath/divergent_fractals_main.html Mathematics of Divergent Fractals by ]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://jussiharkonen.com/gallery/coloring-techniques/ jussi harkonen : coloring-techniques]&lt;/ref&gt;
**** Orbit trap &lt;ref&gt;[[w:Orbit trap|wikipedia : Orbit trap]]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tnMNamKPy6k Mandelbrot Orbit Trap Rendering! Programming How-To  Video by DKM101]&lt;/ref&gt;


One can also draw curves : 
* external rays
* equipotential lines ( closed curves - quasi circles)


Similar projects:
* [http://mathr.co.uk/blog/2014-03-06_mandelbrot_notebook.html  Mandelbrot Notebook by Claude Heiland-Allen ]
** [https://code.mathr.co.uk/mandelbrot-book mandelbrot-book]
** [https://gitlab.com/adammajewski/mandelbrot-book_book mandelbrot-book/book : one file c programs , images and description]
** [https://gitlab.com/adammajewski/my-book fork of the mandelbrot-book] and [https://gitlab.com/adammajewski/git-book-pdf book in pdf format]
* [https://www.math.univ-toulouse.fr/~cheritat/wiki-draw/index.php/Main_Page  different drawing techniques and algorithms by Arnaud Cheritat ]
** [https://www.math.univ-toulouse.fr/~cheritat/wiki-draw/index.php/Mandelbrot_set Mandelbrot set] and [https://gitlab.com/adammajewski/mandelbrot_wiki_ACh example C programs ( not by A Cheritat)]
* Linas Vepstas' Art Gallery:
** [http://linas.org/art-gallery/index.html original site]
** [https://gitlab.com/adammajewski/LinasArtGallery_MandelbrotSet fork at gitlab]

=='''Escape time''' or dwell==
Here for given point c on parameter plane one checks how critical point &lt;math&gt; z = 0.0 &lt;/math&gt; behaves on dynamical plane under [[Fractals/Iterations in the complex plane/q-iterations#Forward iteration|forward iteration]].  If you change initial point you will get different result &lt;ref&gt;[http://mathesim.degruyter.de/jws_en/show_simulation.php?id=1052&amp;type=RoessMa&amp;lang=en Java program by Dieter Röß showing result of changing initial point of Mandelbrot iterations]&lt;/ref&gt;

To draw given plane one needs to [[Fractals/Computer graphic techniques/2D#Scanning|check/scan]] (all) its points. See [[Fractals/Iterations in the complex plane/Mandelbrot set#Period detection|here for more details ( optimisation)]]
Read [[Fractals/Iterations in the complex plane/def cqp|definitions]] first.

===How to find the number of iterations required to escape the mandelbrot set ?===
* [https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/4056809/is-there-an-equation-for-the-number-of-iterations-required-to-escape-the-mandelb/4059340 math.stackexchange question: is-there-an-equation-for-the-number-of-iterations-required-to-escape-the-mandelb]
* [https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/16970/a-way-to-determine-the-ideal-number-of-maximum-iterations-for-an-arbitrary-zoom?rq=1 math.stackexchange question: a-way-to-determine-the-ideal-number-of-maximum-iterations-for-an-arbitrary-zoom?]

===Boolean escape time ===

This algorithm answers the question: “For which values of c will the Julia fractal, J(c), be line-like and for which dust-like?”&lt;ref&gt;[https://www.ntg.nl/maps/45/03.pdf  Julia fractals in PostScript by Kees van der Laan, EUROTEX 2012 &amp; 6CM PROCEEDINGS 47]&lt;/ref&gt;

Here complex plane consists of 2 sets : Mandelbrot set &lt;math&gt;M\,&lt;/math&gt; and its complement &lt;math&gt;M^c\,&lt;/math&gt; :

&lt;math&gt;\mathbb{C}= M \cup M^c&lt;/math&gt;

====ASCI graphic ( on screen) ====
[[File:Mandel.png|right|thumb|ASCI graphic : Boolean escape time in text mode]]

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=c&gt;
// http://mrl.nyu.edu/~perlin/
main(k){float i,j,r,x,y=-16;while(puts(&quot;&quot;),y++&lt;15)for(x
=0;x++&lt;84;putchar(&quot; .:-;!/&gt;)|&amp;IH%*#&quot;[k&amp;15]))for(i=k=r=0;
j=r*r-i*i-2+x/25,i=2*r*i+y/10,j*j+i*i&lt;11&amp;&amp;k++&lt;111;r=j);}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=haskell&gt;
-- Haskell code by Ochronus
-- http://blog.mostof.it/mandelbrot-set-in-ruby-and-haskell/
import Data.Complex
mandelbrot a = iterate (\z -&gt; z^2 + a) a !! 500
main = mapM_ putStrLn [[if magnitude (mandelbrot (x :+ y)) &lt; 2 then '*' else ' '
                           | x &lt;- [-2, -1.9685 .. 0.5]]
                           | y &lt;- [1, 0.95 .. -1]]
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=lisp&gt;
; common lisp
(loop for y from -1.5 to 1.5 by 0.05 do
      (loop for x from -2.5 to 0.5 by 0.025 do
		(let* ((c (complex x y)) ; parameter
                   	(z (complex 0 0))
                   	(iMax 20) ; maximal number of iterations
			(i 0)) ; iteration number

		(loop  	while (&lt; i iMax ) do 
			(setq z (+ (* z z) c)) ; iteration
			(incf i)
			(when (&gt; (abs z) 2) (return i)))
	   ; color of pixel
           (if (= i iMax) (princ (code-char 42)) ; inside M
                          (princ (code-char 32))))) ; outside M
      (format t &quot;~%&quot;)) ; new line
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Comparison programs in various languages &lt;ref&gt;[http://www.timestretch.com/tag/mandelbrot Fractal Benchmark by Erik Wrenholt]&lt;/ref&gt;&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.righto.com/2015/03/12-minute-mandelbrot-fractals-on-50.html 12-minute Mandelbrot: fractals on a 50 year old IBM 1401 mainframe]&lt;/ref&gt;

==== Graphic file ( PPM ) ====
Here are various programs for creating pbm file &lt;ref&gt;[https://benchmarksgame-team.pages.debian.net/benchmarksgame/description/mandelbrot.html#mandelbrotThe Computer Language  Benchmarks Game ]&lt;/ref&gt;
* GLSL using [[Fractals/shadertoy#Boolean escape time|shadertoy]]
* short c programs by ed Burke&lt;ref&gt;[https://batchloaf.wordpress.com/2016/02/13/example-code-from-presentation-ways-of-seeing-julia-sets/ example-code-from-presentation-ways-of-seeing-julia-sets by ed Burke]&lt;/ref&gt;
=====C=====
This is complete code of C one file program. 
*It makes a ppm file which consists an image. To see the file (image) use external application ( graphic viewer).
*Program consists of 3 loops:
** iY and iX, which are used to scan rectangle area of parameter plane 
**iterations.
For each point of screen (iX,iY) it's complex value is computed c=cx+cy*i.

For each point c is computed iterations of critical point &lt;math&gt;z_0 = z_{cr} = 0 \,&lt;/math&gt;

It uses some [[Fractals/Iterations in the complex plane/Mandelbrot set#Speed improvements - optimisation|speed_improvement]]. Instead of checking :

 sqrt(Zx2+Zy2)&lt;ER

it checks :

 (Zx2+Zy2)&lt;ER2 // ER2 = ER*ER

It gives the same result but is faster.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=C&gt;

 /* 
 c program:
 --------------------------------
  1. draws Mandelbrot set for Fc(z)=z*z +c
  using Mandelbrot algorithm ( boolean escape time )
 -------------------------------         
 2. technique of creating ppm file is  based on the code of Claudio Rocchini
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Color_complex_plot.jpg
 create 24 bit color graphic file ,  portable pixmap file = PPM 
 see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_pixmap
 to see the file use external application ( graphic viewer)
  */
 #include &lt;stdio.h&gt;
 #include &lt;math.h&gt;
 int main()
 {
          /* screen ( integer) coordinate */
        int iX,iY;
        const int iXmax = 800; 
        const int iYmax = 800;
        /* world ( double) coordinate = parameter plane*/
        double Cx,Cy;
        const double CxMin=-2.5;
        const double CxMax=1.5;
        const double CyMin=-2.0;
        const double CyMax=2.0;
        /* */
        double PixelWidth=(CxMax-CxMin)/iXmax;
        double PixelHeight=(CyMax-CyMin)/iYmax;
        /* color component ( R or G or B) is coded from 0 to 255 */
        /* it is 24 bit color RGB file */
        const int MaxColorComponentValue=255; 
        FILE * fp;
        char *filename=&quot;new1.ppm&quot;;
        char *comment=&quot;# &quot;;/* comment should start with # */
        static unsigned char color[3];
        /* Z=Zx+Zy*i  ;   Z0 = 0 */
        double Zx, Zy;
        double Zx2, Zy2; /* Zx2=Zx*Zx;  Zy2=Zy*Zy  */
        /*  */
        int Iteration;
        const int IterationMax=200;
        /* bail-out value , radius of circle ;  */
        const double EscapeRadius=2;
        double ER2=EscapeRadius*EscapeRadius;
        /*create new file,give it a name and open it in binary mode  */
        fp= fopen(filename,&quot;wb&quot;); /* b -  binary mode */
        /*write ASCII header to the file*/
        fprintf(fp,&quot;P6\n %s\n %d\n %d\n %d\n&quot;,comment,iXmax,iYmax,MaxColorComponentValue);
        /* compute and write image data bytes to the file*/
        for(iY=0;iY&lt;iYmax;iY++)
        {
             Cy=CyMin + iY*PixelHeight;
             if (fabs(Cy)&lt; PixelHeight/2) Cy=0.0; /* Main antenna */
             for(iX=0;iX&lt;iXmax;iX++)
             {         
                        Cx=CxMin + iX*PixelWidth;
                        /* initial value of orbit = critical point Z= 0 */
                        Zx=0.0;
                        Zy=0.0;
                        Zx2=Zx*Zx;
                        Zy2=Zy*Zy;
                        /* */
                        for (Iteration=0;Iteration&lt;IterationMax &amp;&amp; ((Zx2+Zy2)&lt;ER2);Iteration++)
                        {
                            Zy=2*Zx*Zy + Cy;
                            Zx=Zx2-Zy2 +Cx;
                            Zx2=Zx*Zx;
                            Zy2=Zy*Zy;
                        };
                        /* compute  pixel color (24 bit = 3 bytes) */
                        if (Iteration==IterationMax)
                        { /*  interior of Mandelbrot set = black */
                           color[0]=0;
                           color[1]=0;
                           color[2]=0;                           
                        }
                     else 
                        { /* exterior of Mandelbrot set = white */
                             color[0]=255; /* Red*/
                             color[1]=255;  /* Green */ 
                             color[2]=255;/* Blue */
                        };
                        /*write color to the file*/
                        fwrite(color,1,3,fp);
                }
        }
        fclose(fp);
        return 0;
 }
&lt;/syntaxhighlight &gt;

===Integer escape time = LSM/M = dwell bands===
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Mandelbrot seq.png|Number of details is proportional to maximal number of iterations
File:Animation of the growth of the Mandelbrot set as you iterate towards infinity.gif|Mandelbrot animation based on a static number of iterations per pixel. Here you can see why '''offset''' is sometimes used ( because - color gradient changes : for high MaxIteration disapears.
&lt;/gallery&gt;
Here color is proportional to last iteration ( of final_n, final iteration).&lt;ref&gt;[http://plus.maths.org/content/computing-mandelbrot-set Computing the Mandelbrot set by Andrew Williams]&lt;/ref&gt;

This is also called [[w:Level Set Method|Level Set Method]] ( LSM )

&lt;math&gt;L_n= \{ c : z_n \in T ~~\mbox{and} ~~ z_k \notin T ~~\mbox{where}~~ k&lt;n \}\,&lt;/math&gt;

====C====

[[Image:Mandel_lsm_bw.jpg|thumb|LSM/M image with full code in C]]

Difference between Mandelbrot algorithm and LSM/M is in only in part instruction, which computes  pixel color of exterior of Mandelbrot set. In LSM/M is :
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=C&gt;
 if (Iteration==IterationMax)
   { /* interior of Mandelbrot set = black */
     color[0]=0;
     color[1]=0;
     color[2]=0;                           
   }
   /* exterior of Mandelbrot set = LSM */
   else if ((Iteration%2)==0) 
             { /* even number = black */
             color[0]=0; /* Red */
             color[1]=0; /* Green */ 
             color[2]=0; /* Blue */
             }
           else 
             {/* odd number =  white */
             color[0]=255; /* Red */
             color[1]=255; /* Green */ 
             color[2]=255; /* Blue */    
             };

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Here is [[w:C (programming language)|C]] function whithout explicit complex numbers, only doubles:
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;c&quot;&gt;
int GiveEscapeTime(double C_x, double C_y, int iMax, double _ER2)
{ 
    int i;
    double Zx, Zy;
    double Zx2, Zy2; /* Zx2=Zx*Zx;  Zy2=Zy*Zy  */
 
    Zx=0.0; /* initial value of orbit = critical point Z= 0 */
    Zy=0.0;
    Zx2=Zx*Zx;
    Zy2=Zy*Zy;
 
    for (i=0;i&lt;iMax &amp;&amp; ((Zx2+Zy2)&lt;_ER2);i++)
    {
      Zy=2*Zx*Zy + C_y;
      Zx=Zx2-Zy2 +C_x;
      Zx2=Zx*Zx;
      Zy2=Zy*Zy;
    };
 return i;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

here a short code with complex numbers:

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=c&gt;
// https://gitlab.com/adammajewski/mandelbrot_wiki_ACh/blob/master/betm.c
int iterate(double complex C , int iMax)
  {
   int i;
   double complex Z= 0.0; // initial value for iteration Z0
   
   for(i=0;i&lt;iMax;i++)
    {
      Z=Z*Z+C; // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6418807/how-to-work-with-complex-numbers-in-c
      if(cabs(Z)&gt;EscapeRadius) break;
    }
   return i; 
 }
 &lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

====C++====
Here is C++ function which can be used to draw LSM/M :

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=Cpp&gt;
 int iterate_mandel(complex C , int imax, int bailout)
  {
   int i;
   std::complex Z(0,0); // initial value for iteration Z0
   
   for(i=0;i&lt;=imax-1;i++)
    {
      Z=Z*Z+C; // overloading of operators
      if(abs(Z)&gt;bailout)break;
    }
   return i;
 }
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

I think that it can't be coded simpler (it looks better than pseudocode),  but it can be coded in other way which can  be executed faster .

Here is faster code :
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=Cpp&gt;
// based on cpp code by Geek3
inline int fractal(double cx, double cy, int max_iters)
// gives last iteration 
{
	double zx = 0, zy = 0;	
	if (zx * zx + zy * zy &gt; 4) return(0); // it=0
	for (int it = 1; it &lt; max_iters; it++)
	{	double zx_old = zx;
		zx = zx * zx - zy * zy;
		zy = 2 * zx_old * zy;
		zx += cx;
		zy += cy;
		if (zx * zx + zy * zy &gt; 4.0) return(it);
	}
	return(max_iters);
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;
A touch more optimised :
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=Cpp&gt;
// optimised from cpp code by Geek3
inline int fractal(double cReal, double cImg, int max_iters)
// gives last iteration 
{
	double zReal = 0, zImg = 0, zReal2 = 0, zImg2 = 0;
	//iteration zero is always 0^2+0^2, it will never escape
	for (int it = 1; it &lt; max_iters; it++)
	{	//because we have zReal^2 and zImg^2 pre-calculated
		//we can calculate zImg first
		//then we don't need to calculate/store the &quot;old&quot; zReal
		zImg = (2 * zReal * zImg ) + cImg;
		zReal = zReal2 - zImg2 + cReal;

		// calculate next iteration: zReal^2 and zImg^2
		// they are used twice so calculate them once
		zReal2 = zReal * zReal;
		zImg2 = zImg * zImg;
		if (zReal2 + zImg2 &gt; 4.0) return(it);
	}
	return(max_iters);
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

 See also :
* [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nkf6icQln7w Rendering The Mandelbrot Set In C++: Part 1 - Saving Images , Video by Superdavo0001]


====C++ High-Precision Perturbation CLI Renderer====

[[Image:Mandelbrot_Set_Image_110.png|thumb|Mandelbrot set fragment using perturbation theory. Final resolution 10,000 x 10,000 pixels.]]
[[Image:Mandelbrot_Set_Image_109.png|thumb|Mandelbrot set fragment using perturbation theory. Final resolution 10,000 x 10,000 pixels.]]
[[Image:Mandelbrot_Set_Image_108.png|thumb|Mandelbrot set fragment using perturbation theory. Final resolution 10,000 x 10,000 pixels.]]
[[Image:Mandelbrot_Set_Image_107.png|thumb|Mandelbrot set fragment using perturbation theory. Final resolution 10,000 x 10,000 pixels.]]
[[Image:Mandelbrot_Set_Image_106.png|thumb|Mandelbrot set fragment using perturbation theory. Final resolution 10,000 x 10,000 pixels.]]

Here is a complete, highly optimized C++ implementation for high-precision rendering of the Mandelbrot set using perturbation theory, 8x8 Super-Sampling Anti-Aliasing (SSAA), and OpenMP multi-threading. Created by [[User:Aokoroko]].

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;fstream&gt;
#include &lt;vector&gt;
#include &lt;cmath&gt;
#include &lt;cstdint&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
#include &lt;atomic&gt;
#include &lt;omp.h&gt;
#include &lt;cstdio&gt;
#include &lt;iomanip&gt;
#include &lt;gmp.h&gt;
#include &lt;mpfr.h&gt;

using namespace std;
const double PI = 3.14159265358979323846;
const mpfr_prec_t MPFR_BITS = 5000;

#pragma pack(push, 1)
struct BMPHeader {
    uint16_t type{0x4D42};
    uint32_t size{0};
    uint16_t reserved1{0};
    uint16_t reserved2{0};
    uint32_t offBits{54};
    uint32_t structSize{40};
    int32_t  width{0};
    int32_t  height{0};
    uint16_t planes{1};
    uint16_t bitCount{24};
    uint32_t compression{0};
    uint32_t sizeImage{0};
    int32_t  xpelsPerMeter{2834};
    int32_t  ypelsPerMeter{2834};
    uint32_t clrUsed{0};
    uint32_t clrImportant{0};
};
#pragma pack(pop)

struct ComplexDouble {
    double re;
    double im;
};

void save_bmp(const string&amp; filename, const vector&lt;uint8_t&gt;&amp; data, int w, int h) {
    int rowSize = (w * 3 + 3) &amp; ~3;
    BMPHeader header;
    header.width = w;
    header.height = h;
    header.sizeImage = rowSize * h;
    header.size = header.sizeImage + 54;
    ofstream f(filename, ios::binary);
    f.write(reinterpret_cast&lt;char*&gt;(&amp;header), 54);
    f.write(reinterpret_cast&lt;const char*&gt;(data.data()), data.size());
    f.close();
}

int main() {
    string absc_str, ordi_str, size_str;
    absc_str = &quot;-1.74907816150520173167912454515663360420734509948112463480292338384&quot;; 
    ordi_str = &quot;-0.00000550991906629096602513098567268615714673236269915508056068145&quot;; 
    size_str = &quot;0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000153&quot;;
    const int targetW = 10000;
    const int targetH = 10000;
    const int scale = 8;
    const int rawW = targetW * scale;
    const int rawH = targetH * scale;
    cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Step 1: Calculating Raw Map (&quot; &lt;&lt; rawW &lt;&lt; &quot;x&quot; &lt;&lt; rawH &lt;&lt; &quot;) using Perturbation...&quot; &lt;&lt; endl;
    vector&lt;uint8_t&gt; iterMap((size_t)rawW * rawH);
    mpfr_t rx, ry, zr, zi, zr2, zi2, tmp, sz, st;
    mpfr_inits2(MPFR_BITS, rx, ry, zr, zi, zr2, zi2, tmp, sz, st, NULL);
    mpfr_set_str(rx, absc_str.c_str(), 10, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_str(ry, ordi_str.c_str(), 10, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_str(sz, size_str.c_str(), 10, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_div_ui(st, sz, rawW, MPFR_RNDN);
    double step_d = mpfr_get_d(st, MPFR_RNDN);
    double ref_rec_d = mpfr_get_d(rx, MPFR_RNDN);
    double ref_imc_d = mpfr_get_d(ry, MPFR_RNDN);
    vector&lt;ComplexDouble&gt; ref_orbit_double(50005);
    mpfr_set_ui(zr, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_ui(zi, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_ui(zr2, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_ui(zi2, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
    uint32_t ref_i = 0;
    bool escaped = false;
    while (ref_i &lt; 50000) {
        ref_orbit_double[ref_i].re = mpfr_get_d(zr, MPFR_RNDN);
        ref_orbit_double[ref_i].im = mpfr_get_d(zi, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_mul(tmp, zr, zi, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_mul_ui(zi, tmp, 2, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_add(zi, zi, ry, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_sub(zr, zr2, zi2, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_add(zr, zr, rx, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_mul(zr2, zr, zr, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_mul(zi2, zi, zi, MPFR_RNDN);
        if (escaped) {
            ref_i++;
            break;
        }
        mpfr_add(tmp, zr2, zi2, MPFR_RNDN);
        if (mpfr_cmp_d(tmp, 4.0) &gt;= 0) { 
            escaped = true;
        }
        ref_i++;
    }
    ref_orbit_double[ref_i].re = mpfr_get_d(zr, MPFR_RNDN);
    ref_orbit_double[ref_i].im = mpfr_get_d(zi, MPFR_RNDN);
    uint32_t max_valid_ref_iter = ref_i; 
    mpfr_clears(rx, ry, zr, zi, zr2, zi2, tmp, sz, st, NULL);
    atomic&lt;int&gt; linesDone{0};
    #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic)
    for (size_t b = 0; b &lt; (size_t)rawH; ++b) {
        for (size_t a = 0; a &lt; (size_t)rawW; ++a) {
            double delta_rec = (double)((long long)a - (rawW / 2)) * step_d;
            double delta_imc = (double)((long long)b - (rawH / 2)) * step_d;
            uint32_t index = 0;    
            double delta_re = 0.0; 
            double delta_im = 0.0;
            double z_re = 0.0;     
            double z_im = 0.0;
            uint32_t i = 0;
            const ComplexDouble* ref_ptr = ref_orbit_double.data();
            while (i &lt; max_valid_ref_iter) {
                if ((z_re * z_re + z_im * z_im) &gt;= 40000.0) {
                    break;
                }
                if ((z_re * z_re + z_im * z_im) &lt; (delta_re * delta_re + delta_im * delta_im)) {
                    index = 0; 
                    delta_re = z_re;
                    delta_im = z_im;
                }
                for (int step = 0; step &lt; 2; ++step) {
                    double Ur = ref_ptr[index].re;
                    double Ui = ref_ptr[index].im;
                    double next_delta_im = 2.0 * Ur * delta_im + 2.0 * Ui * delta_re + 2.0 * delta_re * delta_im + delta_imc;
                    delta_re = 2.0 * Ur * delta_re - 2.0 * Ui * delta_im + delta_re * delta_re - delta_im * delta_im + delta_rec;
                    delta_im = next_delta_im;
                    index++;
                }
                z_re = ref_ptr[index].re + delta_re;
                z_im = ref_ptr[index].im + delta_im;
                i += 2; 
            }
            int final_t = 50000 - i;
            if (final_t == 0) {
                iterMap[b * (size_t)rawW + a] = 255;
            } else {
                iterMap[b * (size_t)rawW + a] = (uint8_t)(final_t % 254);
            }
        }
        if (++linesDone % 100 == 0) cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Progress: &quot; &lt;&lt; linesDone &lt;&lt; &quot;/&quot; &lt;&lt; rawH &lt;&lt; &quot;\r&quot; &lt;&lt; flush;
    }
    uint8_t pal[256][3];
    for (int a = 0; a &lt; 255; ++a) {
        pal[a][0] = (uint8_t)round(127.0 + 127.0 * cos(2.0 * PI * a / 255.0)); // Blue
        pal[a][1] = (uint8_t)round(127.0 + 127.0 * sin(2.0 * PI * a / 255.0)); // Green
        pal[a][2] = (uint8_t)round(127.0 + 127.0 * sin(2.0 * PI * a / 255.0)); // Red
    }
    pal[255][0] = 255; pal[255][1] = 255; pal[255][2] = 255;
    cout &lt;&lt; &quot;\nStep 2: Rendering frames...&quot; &lt;&lt; endl;
    int rowSize = (targetW * 3 + 3) &amp; ~3;
    for (int frame = 0; frame &lt; 255; ++frame) {
        vector&lt;uint8_t&gt; frameData(rowSize * targetH);        
        #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static)
        for (int y = 0; y &lt; targetH; ++y) {
            for (int x = 0; x &lt; targetW; ++x) {
                uint32_t rSum = 0, gSum = 0, bSum = 0;
                  for (int j = 0; j &lt; scale; ++j) {
                    size_t mapRowIdx = (size_t)(y * scale + j) * rawW;
                      for (int i = 0; i &lt; scale; ++i) {
                        uint8_t t = iterMap[mapRowIdx + (x * scale + i)];
                        int colorIdx;
                        if (t == 255) {
                            colorIdx = 255;
                        } else {
                            colorIdx = (t - frame + 255) % 255;
                        }
                        bSum += pal[colorIdx][0];
                        gSum += pal[colorIdx][1];
                        rSum += pal[colorIdx][2];
                    }
                }                
                int outIdx = y * rowSize + x * 3;
                frameData[outIdx + 0] = (uint8_t)(bSum &gt;&gt; 6);
                frameData[outIdx + 1] = (uint8_t)(gSum &gt;&gt; 6);
                frameData[outIdx + 2] = (uint8_t)(rSum &gt;&gt; 6);
            }
        }
        string filename = &quot;Mandelbrot&quot; + to_string(1000 + frame).substr(1) + &quot;.bmp&quot;;
        save_bmp(filename, frameData, targetW, targetH);
        cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Frame &quot; &lt;&lt; frame &lt;&lt; &quot;/254 saved.   \r&quot; &lt;&lt; flush;
    }
    return 0;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

See the full project and compiled releases on the official [https://github.com/Divetoxx/Mandelbrot Mandelbrot CLI GitHub repository].
* [https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set#Perturbation_Theory C++ Perturbation Theory Optimization] showcased in the global algorithm repository on Rosetta Code.

====GLSL====
* [[Fractals/shadertoy#LSM|shadertoy]]

====Java ====

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;java&quot;&gt;

//Java code by Josef Jelinek 
// http://java.rubikscube.info/
 
 int mandel(double cx, double cy) {
    double zx = 0.0, zy = 0.0;
    double zx2 = 0.0, zy2 = 0.0;
    int iter = 0;
    while (iter &lt; iterMax &amp;&amp; zx2 + zy2 &lt; 4.0) {
      zy = 2.0 * zx * zy + cy;
      zx = zx2 - zy2 + cx;
      zx2 = zx * zx;
      zy2 = zy * zy;
      iter++;
    }
    return iter;
  }
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

====Java Script====
Here is JavaScript function  which does not give last iteration but LastIteration modulo maxCol. It makes colour cycling ( if maxCol &lt; maxIt ).

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;javascript&quot;&gt;
function iterate(Cr,Ci) {
// JavaScript function by Evgeny Demidov
// http://www.ibiblio.org/e-notes/html5/fractals/mandelbrot.htm
  var I=0, R=0,  I2=0, R2=0,   n=0;
  if (R2+I2 &gt; max) return 0;
  do  {  I=(R+R)*I+Ci;  R=R2-I2+Cr;  R2=R*R;  I2=I*I;  n++;
  } while ((R2+I2 &lt; max) &amp;&amp; (n &lt; maxIt) );
  if (n == maxIt) return maxCol;  else return n % maxCol;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

Above functions do not use explicit definition of [[w:complex number|complex number]].

====Khan Academy====
* [https://www.khanacademy.org/computer-programming/mandelbrot-set/1274517860 khan academy mandelbrot-set]

====Lisp program ====

Whole Lisp program making ASCII graphic based on code by [http://www.frank-buss.de/ Frank Buss] 
&lt;ref&gt;[http://groups.google.com/group/comp.lang.lisp/msg/dd505fd509fc8512 LIsp Program by Frank Buss]&lt;/ref&gt;
&lt;ref&gt;[http://bc.tech.coop/blog/040811.html Mandelbrot Set ASCII art at Bill Clementson's blog]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=lisp&gt;
; common lisp
(loop for y from -1.5 to 1.5 by 0.1 do
      (loop for x from -2.5 to 0.5 by 0.04 do
            (let* ((i 0)
                   (z (complex x y))
                   (c z))
              (loop while (&lt; (abs
                              (setq z (+ (* z z) c)))
                             2)
                    while (&lt; (incf i) 32))
              (princ (code-char (+ i 32))))) ; ASCII chars &lt;= 32 contains non-printing characters
      (format t &quot;~%&quot;))
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

====MathMap plugin for [[GIMP|Gimp]]====
&lt;pre&gt;
filter mandelbrot (gradient coloration)
    c=ri:(xy/xy:[X,X]*1.5-xy:[0.5,0]);
    z=ri:[0,0]; # initial value z0 = 0 
    # iteration of z
    iter=0;
    while abs(z)&lt;2 &amp;&amp; iter&lt;31
    do
        z=z*z+c;  # z(n+1) = fc(zn)
        iter=iter+1
    end;
    coloration(iter/32) # color of pixel
end
&lt;/pre&gt;

====Pov-Ray====
Pov-Ray has a built-in function mandel&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.povray.org/documentation/view/3.6.1/377/ mandel function from 2.5.11.14 Fractal Patterns at Pov-Ray docs]&lt;/ref&gt;

====Wolfram Mathematica====
Here is [http://www.bugman123.com/Fractals/index.html code by Paul Nylander]

===Level Curves of escape time Method = LCM/M===
[[Image:LCMM.jpg|right|thumb|edge detection of Level sets]]
[[Image:Lemniscates5.png|thumb|right|Lemniscates of Mandelbrot set]]

Lemniscates are boundaries of Level Sets of escape time ( LSM/M ). They can be drawn using :
* edge detection of Level sets. 
** Algorithm described in paper by M. Romera et al.&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iec.csic.es/~miguel/Preprint3.ps Drawing the Mandelbrot set by the method of escape lines. M. Romera et al.]&lt;/ref&gt; This method is fast and allows  looking for high iterations.
*boundary trace&lt;ref&gt;http://www.metabit.org/~rfigura/figura-fractal/math.html boundary trace by Robert Figura&lt;/ref&gt;
* drawing curves &lt;math&gt;L_n(T)=\{c: abs(z_n)=ER  \}\,&lt;/math&gt;, see [[:Image:Lemniscates5.png| explanation and source code]]. This method is very complicated for iterations &gt; 5.

===Decomposition of target set for Mandelbrot set drawing===
Decomposition is modification of escape time algorithm.

The '''target set''' is divided into parts (2 or more). 
Very large escape radius is used, for example ER = 12.

====Binary decomposition of LSM/M====

[[Image:Mandel_bd.png|thumb|binary decomposition: image with full code in C]]

Here target set &lt;math&gt;T\,&lt;/math&gt; on dynamic plane  is divided into 2 parts (binary decomposition = 2-decomposition ):

* upper half ( white) &lt;math&gt;T_u = \{ z : |z| &gt; ER ~~\mbox{and}~~ Im (z) &gt; 0\}\,&lt;/math&gt;
* lower half (black) &lt;math&gt;T_l = \{ z : |z| &gt; ER ~~\mbox{and}~~ Im (z) \le 0 \}\,&lt;/math&gt;

Division of target set induces decomposition of level sets &lt;math&gt;L_n\,&lt;/math&gt; into &lt;math&gt;2^{n+1}\,&lt;/math&gt; parts ( cells, subsets):

* &lt;math&gt;L_{n,u}  =\{ c:  |z_n| &gt; ER ~~\mbox{and}~~ Im (z_n) &gt; 0 \}\,&lt;/math&gt; which is colored white,
* &lt;math&gt;L_{n,l} = \{ c : |z_n| &gt; ER ~~\mbox{and}~~ Im (z_n) \le 0 \}\,&lt;/math&gt; which is colored black.


 &quot;The Level Sets and Field Lines are superimposed, creating a sort of grid, and the &quot;squares&quot; of the grid are filled with N-digit binary numbers giving the first N binary digits of the external angles of field lines passing through the square. (Alternately, only the Nth binary digit is used.) Each level set is divided into 2n squares. It is easy to &quot;read&quot; the external arguments of points in the boundary of the Mandelbrot Set using a binary decomposition.&quot; Robert P. Munafo

For binary decomposition use exp(pi) as escape radius, so that the boxes appear square (a tip from mrob).

External rays of angles (measured in turns):

&lt;math&gt;angle = (k / 2^n ) ~~\mbox{mod }~1\,&lt;/math&gt;

can be seen as borders of subsets.

Difference between binary decomposition algorithm and Mandel or LSM/M is in only in part of instruction , which computes  pixel color of exterior of Mandelbrot set. In binary decomposition is :
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=C&gt;
 if (Iteration==IterationMax)
  { /* interior of Mandelbrot set = black */
   color[0]=0;
   color[1]=0;
   color[2]=0;           
  }
  /* exterior of Mandelbrot set = LSM */
  else if (Zy&gt;0) 
         { 
          color[0]=0; /* Red */
          color[1]=0; /* Green */ 
          color[2]=0; /* Blue */
         }
        else 
          {
           color[0]=255; /* Red */
           color[1]=255; /* Green */ 
           color[2]=255; /* Blue */    
          };

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

also GLSL code from [[Fractals/fragmentarium|Fragmentarium]] :

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=GLSL&gt;
#include &quot;2D.frag&quot;
#group Simple Mandelbrot

// maximal number of iterations
uniform int iMax; slider[1,100,1000] // increase iMax
// er2= er^2 wher er= escape radius = bailout
uniform float er2; slider[4.0,1000,10000] // increase er2

// compute color of pixel
 vec3 color(vec2 c) {
   vec2 z = vec2(0.0);  // initial value

 // iteration
  for (int i = 0; i &lt; iMax; i++) {
    z = vec2(z.x*z.x-z.y*z.y,2*z.x*z.y) +  c; // z= z^2+c
    if (dot(z,z)&gt; er2)   // escape test 
      // exterior
      if (z.x&gt;0){ return vec3( 1.0);} // upper part of the target set 
      else return vec3(0.0); //lower part of the target set 
  }
  return vec3(0.0); //interior
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=GLSL&gt;
// zoomasm -- zoom video assembler
// (c) 2019,2020,2021,2022 Claude Heiland-Allen
// SPDX-License-Identifier: AGPL-3.0-only

// recommended KF bailout settings: linear smoothing, custom radius 25
vec3 colour(void)
{
  if (getInterior())
  {
    return vec3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
  }
  bool decomp = getT() &lt; 0.5;
  return vec3(decomp ? 0.0 : 1.0);
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;


Point c is plotting white or black if [[w:complex number|imaginary value]] of last iteration ( Zy) is positive or negative.&lt;ref&gt;http://web.archive.org/20010415125044/www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Launchpad/5113/fr27.htm| An open letter to Dr. Meech from Joyce Haslam in FRACTAL REPORT 27&lt;/ref&gt;

==== nth-decomposition ====

This method is extension of binary decomposition.

The target set T = { z : |zn| &gt; R } with a very large escape radius ( for example R = 12 ) is divided into more than 2 parts ( for example 8).&lt;ref&gt;[http://fraktal.republika.pl/mset_decomposition.html mandelbrot set n-th-decomposition ]&lt;/ref&gt;

===Real Escape Time===

Other names of this method/algorithm are :
* the fully-renormalized fractional iteration count ( by  Linas Vepstas in 1997)&lt;ref&gt;[http://linas.org/art-gallery/escape/escape.html linas.org : Renormalizing the Mandelbrot Escape]&lt;/ref&gt; 
* smooth iteration count for generalized Mandelbrot sets ( by Inigo Quilez in 2016)&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.iquilezles.org/www/articles/mset_smooth/mset_smooth.htm I Quilez : mset_smooth]&lt;/ref&gt;
* continuous iteration count for the Mandelbrot set
* Normalized Iteration Count Algorithm
* Continuous  coloring
* smooth colour gradient
* fractional iterations
* fractional escape time

Here color of exterior of Mandelbrot set is proportional not to Last Iteration ( which is integer number) but to real number :

: &lt;math&gt;\nu(z) = \lim_{i \to \infty} (i - \log_2 \log_2 |z_i|)\,&lt;/math&gt;

Other methods and speedups

Colouring formula in Ultrafractal :&lt;ref&gt;[http://www.fractalforums.com/programming/what-rangeprecision-for-fractional-escape-counts-for-mandelbrotjulia-sets/ fractalforums : What range/precision for fractional escape counts for Mandelbrot/Julia sets? ]&lt;/ref&gt;
 smooth iter = iter + 1 + ( log(log(bailout)-log(log(cabs(z))) )/log(2)

where :
* log(log(bailout) can be precalculated
*
====theory====
Description by Claude : 

'''First description :''' 

If R is large, the first z to escape satisfies (approximately)&lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/noobs-corner/76/gradient-pallet-with-two-colors/4498 fractalforums : gradient-pallet-with-two-colors]&lt;/ref&gt;

 &lt;math&gt;R &lt; |z| &lt; R^p&lt;/math&gt;
so taking logs

 &lt;math&gt;\log(R) &lt; \log(|z|) &lt; p \log(R)&lt;/math&gt;

so taking logs again

 &lt;math&gt;\log(\log(R)) &lt; \log(\log(|z|)) &lt; \log(p) + \log(\log(R))&lt;/math&gt;

so by algebra

 &lt;math&gt;0 &lt; \frac{\log(\log(|z|)) - \log(\log(R))}{\log(p)} &lt; 1&lt;/math&gt;

when &lt;math&gt;|z|&lt;/math&gt; at escape is bigger, the smooth iteration count should be smaller, so this value needs to be subtracted from the integer iteration count

Alternatively this fraction can be used for interpolation, or used with arg(z) for exterior tiling / binary decomposition.


'''Second description'''&lt;ref&gt;[https://fractalforums.org/programming/11/can-anyone-help-me-understand-smooth-coloring/4597/msg37885 fractalforums.org : can-anyone-help-me-understand-smooth-coloring]&lt;/ref&gt;

pick a radius R &gt; 2, then |Z| &gt; R implies that |Z^2 + C| &gt; |Z| and more generally that |Z| -&gt; infinity, this gives R the name escape radius.  proof is on math.stackexchange.com somewhere

now suppose R is large, and n is the first iteration where |Z_n| &gt; R.

consider what happens when |Z_n| increases as you move the point C a bit further from the Mandelbrot set boundary.

eventually |Z_n| &gt; R^2, but then |Z_{n-1}| &gt; R, so the iteration count should be n - 1.

for smoothing, we want a value to add to n that is 0 when |Z_n| = R and -1 when |Z_n| = R^2.

taking logs, get log |Z| is between log(R) and 2 log(R)

taking logs again, get log log |Z| is between log log R and log log R + log 2

dividing by log 2, get log_2 log |Z| is between log_2 log R and log_2 log R + 1

subtracting log_2 log R gives (log_2 log |Z| - log_2 log R) is between 0 and 1

negating it gives a value between 0 and -1, as desired

so the smooth iteration count is  

 &lt;math&gt;n - (log_2 log |Z| - log_2 log R)&lt;/math&gt;

(replace 2 by P if you do Z^P + C)

see also http://linas.org/art-gallery/escape/escape.html  which makes a value independent of R, but that is not so useful for some colouring algorithms (e.g. smooth part of escape count doesn't align with angle of final iterate)

====C====
To use log2 function add :

&lt;nowiki&gt; #include &lt;math.h&gt;  &lt;/nowiki&gt;

at the beginning of program.

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=C&gt;
if (Iteration==IterationMax)
 { /*  interior of Mandelbrot set = black */
  color[0]=0;
  color[1]=0;
  color[2]=0;                           
 }
 /* exterior of Mandelbrot set  */
 else GiveRainbowColor((double)(Iteration- log2(log2(sqrt(Zx2+Zy2))))/IterationMax,color);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

where :
* Zx2 = Zx*Zx
* Zy2 = Zy*Zy

Here is another version by Tony Finch&lt;ref&gt;[http://dotat.at/prog/mandelbrot/ Making Mandelbrot Set Movies by Tony Finch]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=C&gt;
while (n++ &lt; max &amp;&amp;
 x2+y2 &lt; inf) {
y = 2*x*y + b;
x = x2-y2 + a;
y2 = y*y;
x2 = x*x;
}
nu = n - log(log(x2+y2)/2)/ log(2);
&lt;/syntaxhighlight &gt;

based on equation &lt;ref&gt;[http://linas.org/art-gallery/escape/escape.html Linas Vepstas. Renormalizing the mandelbrot escape.]&lt;/ref&gt;
: &lt;math&gt;\nu(z) = n - \log_2 \log (z_n)\,&lt;/math&gt;

====C++====
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=cpp&gt;
// based on cpp code by Geek3 from http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:Mandelbrot_set_rainbow_colors.png
sqrxy = x * x + y * y;
double m = LastIteration + 1.5 - log2(log2(sqrxy));
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

====java====
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=java&gt;
 /**
Smooth coloring algorithm
https://gitlab.com/shreyas.siravara/mandelbrot-with-smooth-coloring/blob/master/Mandelbrot.java
Mandelbrot with Smooth Coloring by Shreyas Siravara

*/
                double nsmooth = (iterations + 1 - Math.log(Math.log(Zn.getMagnitude())) / Math.log(ESCAPE_RADIUS));

                double smoothcolor = nsmooth / MAX_ITERATIONS;

                if (iterations &lt; MAX_ITERATIONS) {
                    int rgb = Color.HSBtoRGB((float) (0.99f + 1.9 * smoothcolor), 0.9f, 0.9f);
                    g2d.setColor(new Color(rgb));
                } else {
                    g2d.setColor(Color.black.darker());
                }

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

====Matemathica====

Here is [http://www.bugman123.com/Fractals/index.html code by Paul Nylander]. It uses different formula :

&lt;math&gt;cet = n + log_2ln(R) - log_2ln|z|&lt;/math&gt;

====Python====
Python code using mpmath library&lt;ref&gt;[http://code.google.com/p/mpmath/ mpmath Python library]&lt;/ref&gt;

&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=python&gt;
def mandelbrot(z):
    c = z
    for i in xrange(ITERATIONS):
        zprev = z
        z = z*z + c
        if abs(z) &gt; ESCAPE_RADIUS:
            return ctx.exp(1j*(i + 1 - ctx.log(ctx.log(abs(z)))/ctx.log(2)))
    return 0

&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

==Distance estimation DEM/M==
&lt;gallery&gt;
File:Demm_2000_Mandelbrot_set.jpg|Exterior DEM/M
File:Boundary mandelbrot set.png|simple boundary with DEM/M 
File:Mandelbrot DEM Sobel.png|Boundary with DEM/M and Sobel filter 
&lt;/gallery&gt;
Variants :
* exterior DEM/M
* interior DEM/M

[[Fractals/Iterations in the complex plane/demm|Description]]

==Complex potential==

[[Fractals/Iterations_in_the_complex_plane/MandelbrotSetExteriorComplex_potential|Description]]

=See also=
* https://web.archive.org/web/20071008112609/http://rgba.scenesp.org/iq/trastero/fieldlines/
* http://fraktal.republika.pl/mset_bottcher.html

=References=
&lt;references/&gt;

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>o7yeiwnkg7zmcrhkvhinp57fd2m74t9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Writing Adolescent Fiction/Character names/Sierra Leonean</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>374215</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641900</id>
      <parentid>4641595</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T17:32:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Serayinterlude</username>
        <id>3571176</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Girls' names */</comment>
      <origin>4641900</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18294" sha1="4n2yl6h527mxajcrt4umubjarmrbnkm" xml:space="preserve">==Usage note==
Some Sierra Leonean given names are based on birth order, context and gender. These are indicated here.

Sierra Leonean given names are sometimes borrowed from other local ethnic tribes, where one name can be rooted in one group, it may be commonly used within other overlapping groups. For example, ‘Tenneh’ means Monday in Limba, but the name is most commonly observed amongst Temne people too. It is also possible for the same name to have different meanings to different ethnic groups.

Some names listed may not be Sierra Leonean by origin, but used frequently within the country.

==Girls' names==
*Aba
*Abiba - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Abibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Adama - “Earth / Created from the Ground” (Hebrew)
*Adiatu - “God’s Adornment” (Hebrew)
*Aicha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aisha - “Alive / Thriving” (Arabic)
*Ajaratu - “Prosperous / Precious Stone / ‘Ajar’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alanki - “Given by God” (Limba)
*Alimatu
*Amara - “Grace” (Igbo)
*Amie - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic)
*Amida - “Praised / Commendable / ‘Ameeda’” (Arabic)
*Amina - “Protected / Devoted” (Arabic)
*Aminata - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ashike - Prosperity (Temne)
*Asuma
*Awa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Ayesha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aysha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Bahnnie - “Remorseful / Emphathetic” (Temne)
*Binta - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bintu - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Camu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Damoh - (Limba)
*Dawa
*Egbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Ejatu
*Emivia
*Eyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Fanta - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic - Mandinka Localised)
*Fatima - “One Who Abstains” (Arabic)
*Fatmata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fatumata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Finnoh - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finnor - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finda - Daughter born after second son, female third born 
*Fudia - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Fudiatu - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Gbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Gbentha - Brightness (Temne)
*Giloh -  &quot;Let this remain&quot; (Mende)
*Habiba - “Blessed / Loved One” (Arabic)
*Habibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hadijatu - “Early Born Child / ‘Khadijah’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Haja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous ” (Arabic)
*Hajah - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajaratu “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Halimatu
*Hassanatu - “Radiant Beauty / ‘Hasana’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Hawa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living” (Arabic)
*Hawanatu - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Hejawa - Abundance of Luck (Mende)
*Isata - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isatu - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Iya
*Iyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Iye
*Jebbeh
*Jebeh
*Jeneba - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jenneh - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jilo - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jiloh - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jita
*Kadie - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Khadijah - “Early Born Child” (Arabic)
*Khadijatu - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kainday
*Kamu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Kanyim - Born at night/dark (Temne)
*Kathy - Sunday-born (Limba)
*Kilikuroo - “God-depending” (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koniaka - (Mende)
*Kpatehnya - (Mende)
*Kumba - Second girl after twins
*Kutu
*Koiya - (Temne)
*Konya - (Mende)
*Lavina - Purity (Latin)
*Lavinia - Purity (Latin)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mabaindu
*Mabendu
*Mabinty
*Magayai
*Magbindi
*Magenda
*Mahunbey - “To Take Care / Look After” (Mende)
*Mariama - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mariatu - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mamie
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marie - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew)
*Maseray
*Massa
*Mbalu
*Mateneh - “Mother born on a Monday”
*Memuna - “Fortunate / Lucky / ‘Maymuna’” (Arabic)
*Mentima - (Mende)
*Muboneh - “Happiness” (Temne)
*Mujeh - “Our Mother” (Mende)
*Mujeni - “Our Mothers” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Musu - “Beautiful Wife / Beautiful Woman” (Mande)
*Nadewa - (Limba)
*Namina - (Limba)
*Nasratha - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nasratu - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nayana - (Limba)
*Ndelei - “Peace / Blissful Heart” (Mende)
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Ndomayah - “Because of Love” (Mende)
*Nekami - “Self-Pitying” (Temne)
*Neneh
*Nepor - Courage (Mende)
*Nikami - Self-Pitying (Temne)
*Nouhou
*Nyahagbayie - “Woman of Might” (Mende)
*Nyahanina - (Mende)
*Nyaleimava - (Mende)
*Nyalima - (Mende)
*Nyanda - (Mende)
*Nyawa - (Mende)
*Nyawo - (Mende)
*Nyayah - (Mende)
*Okemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Okiya - Mine (Limba)
*Okiyan - Mine (Limba)
*Orkemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Othimo - Liked (Limba)
*Oyola - “The Rich One” (Temne)
*Posseh
*Preysok - “Morning-born child” (Temne)
*Pruvah 
*Rakiatu
*Raliatu
*Ramatu
*Rukoh
*Ruuba - Blessing/Thank You (Temne)
*Rugiatu
*Sabatu
*Sadanmei - (Limba)
*Sadira
*Safiatu
*Saffiatu
*Sallay
*Salamatu
*Salimatu
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sapunka - Unbearable (Limba)
*Sawie
*Seinya
*Selah
*Serah - Firstborn daughter (Limba)
*Seray
*Sia - Gift (Mande)
*Siabanda - Firstborn daughter
*Sianeh
*Sira
*Simithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sinithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Tachekor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Tataigbon - “Untouchable” (Temne)
*Tatessa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Tenne - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tenneh - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tewoh - (Mende)
*Thachaikor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thatema - (Limba)
*Thathesa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Thathesar - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Theneleh
*Tilima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Titi - Girl (Krio)
*Umu - “Mother / ‘Ummu’” (Arabic)
*Unama
*Wuzairiatu
*Yabom
*Yabu
*Yaddah
*Yafeh - Peace (Temne)
*Yakasu - (Temne)
*Yakoiya - (Temne)
*Yalie - Advice (Limba)
*Yankain - (Limba)
*Yanbakie - (Temne)
*Yandi - Please (Limba)
*Yannoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yarimeh - (Limba)
*Yatta
*Yayo - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yayor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeabu
*Yeani - “Mothers” (Temne)
*Yeanoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeanor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yenor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yietoma
*Yoyonthor
*Zainab - “Fragrant flower” (Arabic)
*Zaria - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zariatu - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zairiatu - “To bloom / ‘zāra’” (Arabic)

==Boys' names==
*Abdul - “Servant (of)” (Arabic)
*Abdullah - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic)
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Abu - “Father (of)” (Arabic)
*Abubakar - “Father of a Young Camel / ‘Abu Bakr’” (Arabic)
*Abudu - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Aiah - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Alasan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Alhaji - “The Pilgrim / ‘Al-Hajj’” (Arabic)
*Ali - High / Exalted / Elevated (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Almamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alimamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alpha - “The Jurist / The Scholar / ‘Al-Fariq’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alusine - “The Handsome / ‘Al-Husayn’” (Arabic)
*Amadu - “The One Who Constantly Thanks God / Highly Commendable / ‘Ahmad’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Arun - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Aruna - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Arsheke - (Temne)
*Arshekeh - (Temne)
*Aya - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Babah
*Bai - Chief/Strength (Temne)
*Bai-Bai - (Temne)
*Baika - (Mende)
*Baisharu - (Temne)
*Bakar - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Baksene - Patience (Temne)
*Bambara - Riverine Flooding, “One who has Force” (Limba)
*Banekore - (Temne)
*Bangali
*Bankolo - “Don’t try it” (Limba)
*Barikeh - “Thank You” (Temne)
*Barome - (Temne)
*Benkutay - “Have you seen” (Limba)
*Benya
*Beyasi - Security (Limba)
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bockarie
*Boimah
*Boineh - Happy (Temne)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Chernoh 
*Dauda - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Dausie - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ervel
*Fayia - Second-born boy (Kissi / Kono)
*Fallah
*Fatha
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Fino - Pretty (Temne)
*Finnoh - Pretty (Temne)
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Gbassay
*Gbemute - (Temne)
*Gassimu
*Hachim - “Born in temporary separation” (Temne)
*Hassan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Hassana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Ibra - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahim - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahima - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Idris - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Idrissa - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Jami
*Juma
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kai - Chief/Elder (Temne) - Man (Vai)
*Kaima
*Kaloko
*Kalom - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kalomp - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kambi
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kassim - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic)
*Kassimu - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kaskami - “My Father” (Temne)
*Kaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Kehwalleh
*Kei
*Kelfa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kelefa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kemoh
*Kemokai - “Man from Kemo” (Vai/Mande)
*Kewullay 
*Komba
*Komrabai - Chief/Elder (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koray
*Kowa
*Koyie
*Koyon - Rain (Limba)
*Kuruuba - Hero (Temne)
*Kuruugba - Hero (Temne)
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lamie - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mahai
*Mai
*Mahmadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Mamadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Mamudu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makoo
*Malakai - “My Messenger / My Angel / ‘Malaki’” (Hebrew)
*Maliki - “King / Sovereign / ‘Malik’” (Arabic) 
*Mayon - First born (Limba)
*Mohamed - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momodu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Morlai
*Morlay
*Mukeh - “Our Father” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Muloma - “Harmony” (Mende)
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Mustapha - “The Chosen One / ‘Mustafa’” (Arabic)
*Nabie
*Najee
*Ndawa
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Obrahim - “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Okaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Olobi
*Osman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Ousman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Pilleh
*Saa/Saah (first boy)
*Sadiq - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Said - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic)
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Salfu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Salieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Sallieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Samba
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sana
*Sandima
*Santigie
*Sara
*Sarjoh
*Sarway
*Sei
*Sembeh - Strength (Limba)
*Senesie
*Senie
*Sento
*Sesay
*Sheaka
*Shekhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheikhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Siafa
*Siaka
*Sidi - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiki - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiq - “Truthful One / Sincere” (Arabic)
*Soriba
*Sorie
*Sulay - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suley - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sulaiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleyman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Taiwo - “First Twin to Taste the World” (Yoruba)
*Takothor
*Tamarane - “Helper / Let Us Help” (Temne)
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Taypineh - (Temne)
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thaimu - (Temne)
*Thamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Thasneh - “Too much” (Temne)
*Thegeka - “Mindful to their own” (Limba)
*Thoyenkeh - (Temne)
*Umar - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Umaru - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Unisa
*Usman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Wesseh
*Yahya
*Yakub - “One Who Follows / Supplanter” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yakuba - “One Who Follows / Supplanter / ‘Yakub’” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yamba

==Surnames==
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Allieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Amara
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Bah
*Bai - Chief / Strength (Temne)
*Baion
*Bakarr - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Balde
*Bangura
*Banorah
*Banya
*Barrie
*Bassie
*Bayoh
*Bendu
*Bengeh
*Benya
*Bockarie
*Boima
*Brewah
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bundu
*Carew
*Cocker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Coker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Conteh
*Daboh
*Dambeli
*Dambelly
*Daramy
*Dauda  - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Deen
*Dukureh
*Dumbuya
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Fofana
*Fofanah
*Foh
*Fomah
*Fomba
*Foray
*Gaba
*Ganda
*Gassama
*Gwary
*Gassimu
*Gbla
*Gblah
*Gbondo
*Gborie
*Gevao
*Jabati
*Jabbie
*Jadama
*Jah
*Jalloh
*Jammeh
*Janneh
*Jarsey
*Jawara
*Jaward - “Open-handed / Generous / ‘Jawad’” (Arabic)
*Jebbeh
*Jinkang
*Jobarteh
*Jones - son of John (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Juana
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kabbah
*Kabia
*Kaikai
*Kailie
*Kallay
*Kallon
*Kalokoh
*Kamanda
*Kamara - “Protecting Village / Home” (Soninke)
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanu
*Kanuteh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karew
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kargbo
*Karimu
*Katta
*Kawa
*Kebbie
*Keita
*Khia
*Koita
*Koker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Komba
*Komai
*Konateh
*Konneh
*Konteh
*Konomanyi
*Koroma
*Kowa
*Kpaka
*Kurubally
*Kuyateh
*Lahai
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Lavalie - (Mende)
*Lebbie
*Lunsar - “Lion’s town” “Place of stones” (Temne - Town in the Northern Province)
*Luseni
*MacCarthy -  “son of Cárthach&quot; &quot;loving/beloved” (Irish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*MacFoy - “Son of the Potter” (Scottish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*Mani - (Kono / Kissi)
*Manjang
*Manneh
*Mansaray
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Margai
*Marrah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Massally
*Massaquoi - “Chief / Ruler” (Vai)
*Mattia
*Mayeh
*Mbayo
*Minteh
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Moriba
*Morong
*Moseray
*Munu
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Ngegba
*Ngobeh
*Panneh
*Pessima
*Quee
*Saccoh
*Saffa
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Sall
*Sama
*Samah
*Samai
*Samba
*Sambo
*Samura
*Samurah
*Sankarah
*Sankareh
*Sankoh
*Sannoh
*Sanu
*Sanyang
*Sawaneh
*Sawyerr - “One Who Saws Wood / Woodcutter” (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Sekoh
*Sellu
*Senesie
*Sengulay
*Sesay
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Sidibay
*Sidibeh
*Sidibey
*Sillah
*Sonko
*Sorie
*Sow
*Sowa
*Suma
*Suso
*Swaray
*Swarray
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarawali
*Tarawalie
*Tarawallie
*Tarawally
*Taylor - Cutter of cloth / ‘Tailor’ (English / French) *common amongst the Krio
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Tengbeh
*Tholley
*Thoronka
*Timbo
*Tonkara
*Tucker - Softener of cloth (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Tumoe
*Tunkara
*Turay
*Vandi
*Vandy
*Wariteh
*Williams - son of William (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Woobay
*Wulladeh 
*Wurie
*Yakawa
*Yambasu
*Yansaneh
*Yansanneh
*Yiraia

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4n2yl6h527mxajcrt4umubjarmrbnkm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641902</id>
      <parentid>4641900</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T18:00:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Serayinterlude</username>
        <id>3571176</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Boys' names */</comment>
      <origin>4641902</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18452" sha1="0fr9g9z97pgo8c51h3595ho9pe0dg6l" xml:space="preserve">==Usage note==
Some Sierra Leonean given names are based on birth order, context and gender. These are indicated here.

Sierra Leonean given names are sometimes borrowed from other local ethnic tribes, where one name can be rooted in one group, it may be commonly used within other overlapping groups. For example, ‘Tenneh’ means Monday in Limba, but the name is most commonly observed amongst Temne people too. It is also possible for the same name to have different meanings to different ethnic groups.

Some names listed may not be Sierra Leonean by origin, but used frequently within the country.

==Girls' names==
*Aba
*Abiba - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Abibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Adama - “Earth / Created from the Ground” (Hebrew)
*Adiatu - “God’s Adornment” (Hebrew)
*Aicha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aisha - “Alive / Thriving” (Arabic)
*Ajaratu - “Prosperous / Precious Stone / ‘Ajar’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alanki - “Given by God” (Limba)
*Alimatu
*Amara - “Grace” (Igbo)
*Amie - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic)
*Amida - “Praised / Commendable / ‘Ameeda’” (Arabic)
*Amina - “Protected / Devoted” (Arabic)
*Aminata - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ashike - Prosperity (Temne)
*Asuma
*Awa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Ayesha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aysha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Bahnnie - “Remorseful / Emphathetic” (Temne)
*Binta - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bintu - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Camu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Damoh - (Limba)
*Dawa
*Egbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Ejatu
*Emivia
*Eyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Fanta - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic - Mandinka Localised)
*Fatima - “One Who Abstains” (Arabic)
*Fatmata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fatumata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Finnoh - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finnor - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finda - Daughter born after second son, female third born 
*Fudia - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Fudiatu - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Gbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Gbentha - Brightness (Temne)
*Giloh -  &quot;Let this remain&quot; (Mende)
*Habiba - “Blessed / Loved One” (Arabic)
*Habibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hadijatu - “Early Born Child / ‘Khadijah’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Haja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous ” (Arabic)
*Hajah - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajaratu “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Halimatu
*Hassanatu - “Radiant Beauty / ‘Hasana’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Hawa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living” (Arabic)
*Hawanatu - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Hejawa - Abundance of Luck (Mende)
*Isata - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isatu - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Iya
*Iyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Iye
*Jebbeh
*Jebeh
*Jeneba - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jenneh - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jilo - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jiloh - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jita
*Kadie - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Khadijah - “Early Born Child” (Arabic)
*Khadijatu - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kainday
*Kamu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Kanyim - Born at night/dark (Temne)
*Kathy - Sunday-born (Limba)
*Kilikuroo - “God-depending” (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koniaka - (Mende)
*Kpatehnya - (Mende)
*Kumba - Second girl after twins
*Kutu
*Koiya - (Temne)
*Konya - (Mende)
*Lavina - Purity (Latin)
*Lavinia - Purity (Latin)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mabaindu
*Mabendu
*Mabinty
*Magayai
*Magbindi
*Magenda
*Mahunbey - “To Take Care / Look After” (Mende)
*Mariama - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mariatu - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mamie
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marie - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew)
*Maseray
*Massa
*Mbalu
*Mateneh - “Mother born on a Monday”
*Memuna - “Fortunate / Lucky / ‘Maymuna’” (Arabic)
*Mentima - (Mende)
*Muboneh - “Happiness” (Temne)
*Mujeh - “Our Mother” (Mende)
*Mujeni - “Our Mothers” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Musu - “Beautiful Wife / Beautiful Woman” (Mande)
*Nadewa - (Limba)
*Namina - (Limba)
*Nasratha - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nasratu - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nayana - (Limba)
*Ndelei - “Peace / Blissful Heart” (Mende)
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Ndomayah - “Because of Love” (Mende)
*Nekami - “Self-Pitying” (Temne)
*Nemata
*Neneh
*Nepor - Courage (Mende)
*Nikami - Self-Pitying (Temne)
*Nouhou
*Nyahagbayie - “Woman of Might” (Mende)
*Nyahanina - (Mende)
*Nyaleimava - (Mende)
*Nyalima - (Mende)
*Nyanda - (Mende)
*Nyawa - (Mende)
*Nyawo - (Mende)
*Nyayah - (Mende)
*Okemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Okiya - Mine (Limba)
*Okiyan - Mine (Limba)
*Orkemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Othimo - Liked (Limba)
*Oyola - “The Rich One” (Temne)
*Posseh
*Preysok - “Morning-born child” (Temne)
*Pruvah 
*Rakiatu
*Raliatu
*Ramatu
*Rukoh
*Ruuba - Blessing/Thank You (Temne)
*Rugiatu
*Sabatu
*Sadanmei - (Limba)
*Sadira
*Safiatu
*Saffiatu
*Sallay
*Salamatu
*Salimatu
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sapunka - Unbearable (Limba)
*Sawie
*Seinya
*Selah
*Serah - Firstborn daughter (Limba)
*Seray
*Sia - Gift (Mande)
*Siabanda - Firstborn daughter
*Sianeh
*Simbiwa
*Simithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sinithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sira
*Tachekor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Tataigbon - “Untouchable” (Temne)
*Tatessa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Tenne - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tenneh - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tewoh - (Mende)
*Thachaikor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thatema - (Limba)
*Thathesa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Thathesar - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Theneleh
*Tilima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Titi - Girl (Krio)
*Umu - “Mother / ‘Ummu’” (Arabic)
*Unama
*Wuzairiatu
*Yabom
*Yabomporro
*Yabu
*Yaddah
*Yafeh - Peace (Temne)
*Yakasu - (Temne)
*Yakoiya - (Temne)
*Yalie - Advice (Limba)
*Yandora
*Yankain - (Limba)
*Yanbakie - (Temne)
*Yandi - Please (Limba)
*Yannoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yarimeh - (Limba)
*Yatta
*Yayo - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yayor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeabu
*Yeani - “Mothers” (Temne)
*Yeanoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeanor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yenor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yietoma
*Yoyonthor
*Zainab - “Fragrant flower” (Arabic)
*Zaria - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zariatu - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zairiatu - “To bloom / ‘zāra’” (Arabic)

==Boys' names==
*Abdul - “Servant (of)” (Arabic)
*Abdullah - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic)
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Abu - “Father (of)” (Arabic)
*Abubakar - “Father of a Young Camel / ‘Abu Bakr’” (Arabic)
*Abudu - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Aiah - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Alasan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Alhaji - “The Pilgrim / ‘Al-Hajj’” (Arabic)
*Ali - High / Exalted / Elevated (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Almamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alimamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alpha - “The Jurist / The Scholar / ‘Al-Fariq’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alusine - “The Handsome / ‘Al-Husayn’” (Arabic)
*Amadu - “The One Who Constantly Thanks God / Highly Commendable / ‘Ahmad’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Arun - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Aruna - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Arsheke - (Temne)
*Arshekeh - (Temne)
*Aya - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Babah
*Bai - Chief/Strength (Temne)
*Bai-Bai - (Temne)
*Baika - (Mende)
*Baisharu - (Temne)
*Bakar - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Baksene - Patience (Temne)
*Bambara - Riverine Flooding, “One who has Force” (Limba)
*Banekore - (Temne)
*Bangali
*Bankolo - “Don’t try it” (Limba)
*Barikeh - “Thank You” (Temne)
*Barome - (Temne)
*Benkutay - “Have you seen” (Limba)
*Benya
*Beyasi - Security (Limba)
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bockarie
*Boimah
*Boineh - Happy (Temne)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Chernoh 
*Dauda - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Dausie - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ervel
*Fayia - Second-born boy (Kissi / Kono)
*Fallah
*Fatha
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Fino - Pretty (Temne)
*Finnoh - Pretty (Temne)
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Gbassay
*Gbemute - (Temne)
*Gassimu
*Hachim - “Born in temporary separation” (Temne)
*Hassan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Hassana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Ibra - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahim - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahima - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Idris - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Idrissa - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Jami
*Juma
*Juldeh
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kai - Chief/Elder (Temne) - Man (Vai)
*Kaima
*Kaloko
*Kalom - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kalomp - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kambi
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kassim - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic)
*Kassimu - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kaskami - “My Father” (Temne)
*Kaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Kehwalleh
*Kei
*Kelfa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kelefa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kemoh
*Kemokai - “Man from Kemo” (Vai/Mande)
*Kewullay 
*Komba
*Komrabai - Chief/Elder (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koray
*Kowa
*Koyie
*Koyon - Rain (Limba)
*Kuruuba - Hero (Temne)
*Kuruugba - Hero (Temne)
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lamie - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mahai
*Mai
*Mahmadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makari
*Mamadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Mamudu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makoo
*Malakai - “My Messenger / My Angel / ‘Malaki’” (Hebrew)
*Maliki - “King / Sovereign / ‘Malik’” (Arabic) 
*Mayon - First born (Limba)
*Mohamed - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momodu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Morlai
*Morlay
*Mukeh - “Our Father” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Muloma - “Harmony” (Mende)
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Mustapha - “The Chosen One / ‘Mustafa’” (Arabic)
*Nabie
*Najee
*Nbalie
*Ndawa
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Obrahim - “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Okaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Olobi
*Osman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Ousman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Pilleh
*Saa - First-born son
*Saah - First-born son
*Sadiq - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sahr - First-born son
*Said - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic)
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Salfu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Salieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Sallieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Samba
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sana
*Sandima
*Santigie
*Sara
*Sarjoh
*Sarway
*Sei
*Sembeh - Strength (Limba)
*Senesie
*Senie
*Sento
*Sesay
*Sheaka
*Shekhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheikhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Siafa
*Siaka
*Sidi - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiki - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiq - “Truthful One / Sincere” (Arabic)
*Soriba
*Sorie
*Sulay - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suley - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sulaiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleyman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Taiwo - “First Twin to Taste the World” (Yoruba)
*Takothor
*Tamarane - “Helper / Let Us Help” (Temne)
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Taypineh - (Temne)
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thaimu - (Temne)
*Thamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Thasneh - “Too much” (Temne)
*Thegeka - “Mindful to their own” (Limba)
*Thoyenkeh - (Temne)
*Tokumboh
*Umar - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Umaru - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Unisa
*Usman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Wesseh
*Yahya
*Yakub - “One Who Follows / Supplanter” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yakuba - “One Who Follows / Supplanter / ‘Yakub’” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yamba

==Surnames==
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Allieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Amara
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Bah
*Bai - Chief / Strength (Temne)
*Baion
*Bakarr - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Balde
*Bangura
*Banorah
*Banya
*Barrie
*Bassie
*Bayoh
*Bendu
*Bengeh
*Benya
*Bockarie
*Boima
*Brewah
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bundu
*Carew
*Cocker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Coker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Conteh
*Daboh
*Dambeli
*Dambelly
*Daramy
*Dauda  - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Deen
*Dukureh
*Dumbuya
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Fofana
*Fofanah
*Foh
*Fomah
*Fomba
*Foray
*Gaba
*Ganda
*Gassama
*Gwary
*Gassimu
*Gbla
*Gblah
*Gbondo
*Gborie
*Gevao
*Jabati
*Jabbie
*Jadama
*Jah
*Jalloh
*Jammeh
*Janneh
*Jarsey
*Jawara
*Jaward - “Open-handed / Generous / ‘Jawad’” (Arabic)
*Jebbeh
*Jinkang
*Jobarteh
*Jones - son of John (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Juana
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kabbah
*Kabia
*Kaikai
*Kailie
*Kallay
*Kallon
*Kalokoh
*Kamanda
*Kamara - “Protecting Village / Home” (Soninke)
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanu
*Kanuteh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karew
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kargbo
*Karimu
*Katta
*Kawa
*Kebbie
*Keita
*Khia
*Koita
*Koker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Kolleh
*Komba
*Komai
*Konateh
*Konneh
*Konteh
*Konomanyi
*Koroma
*Kowa
*Kpaka
*Kurubally
*Kuyateh
*Lahai
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Lavalie - (Mende)
*Lebbie
*Lunsar - “Lion’s town” “Place of stones” (Temne - Town in the Northern Province)
*Luseni
*MacCarthy -  “son of Cárthach&quot; &quot;loving/beloved” (Irish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*MacFoy - “Son of the Potter” (Scottish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*Mani - (Kono / Kissi)
*Manjang
*Manneh
*Mansaray
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Margai
*Marrah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Massally
*Massaquoi - “Chief / Ruler” (Vai)
*Mattia
*Mayeh
*Mbayo
*Minteh
*Moinina
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Moriba
*Morong
*Moseray
*Munu
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Ngegba
*Ngobeh
*Panneh
*Pessima
*Quee
*Saccoh
*Saffa
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Sall
*Sama
*Samah
*Samai
*Samba
*Sambo
*Samura
*Samurah
*Sankarah
*Sankareh
*Sankoh
*Sannoh
*Sanu
*Sanyang
*Sawaneh
*Sawyerr - “One Who Saws Wood / Woodcutter” (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Sekoh
*Sellu
*Senesie
*Sengeh
*Sengulay
*Sesay
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Sidibay
*Sidibeh
*Sidibey
*Sillah
*Sogbo
*Sonko
*Sorie
*Sow
*Sowa
*Suma
*Sumana
*Suso
*Swaray
*Swarray
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarawali
*Tarawalie
*Tarawallie
*Tarawally
*Taylor - Cutter of cloth / ‘Tailor’ (English / French) *common amongst the Krio
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Tengbeh
*Tholley
*Thoronka
*Timbo
*Tonkara
*Tucker - Softener of cloth (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Tumoe
*Tunkara
*Turay
*Vandi
*Vandy
*Wariteh
*Williams - son of William (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Woobay
*Wulladeh 
*Wurie
*Yakawa
*Yambasu
*Yansaneh
*Yansanneh
*Yiraia

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>0fr9g9z97pgo8c51h3595ho9pe0dg6l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641907</id>
      <parentid>4641902</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T19:06:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Serayinterlude</username>
        <id>3571176</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Boys' names */</comment>
      <origin>4641907</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18620" sha1="ssprj0p5b1omyvg3uqi0bfs08ziae93" xml:space="preserve">==Usage note==
Some Sierra Leonean given names are based on birth order, context and gender. These are indicated here.

Sierra Leonean given names are sometimes borrowed from other local ethnic tribes, where one name can be rooted in one group, it may be commonly used within other overlapping groups. For example, ‘Tenneh’ means Monday in Limba, but the name is most commonly observed amongst Temne people too. It is also possible for the same name to have different meanings to different ethnic groups.

Some names listed may not be Sierra Leonean by origin, but used frequently within the country.

==Girls' names==
*Aba
*Abiba - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Abibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Adama - “Earth / Created from the Ground” (Hebrew)
*Adiatu - “God’s Adornment” (Hebrew)
*Aicha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aisha - “Alive / Thriving” (Arabic)
*Ajaratu - “Prosperous / Precious Stone / ‘Ajar’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alanki - “Given by God” (Limba)
*Alimatu
*Amara - “Grace” (Igbo)
*Amie - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic)
*Amida - “Praised / Commendable / ‘Ameeda’” (Arabic)
*Amina - “Protected / Devoted” (Arabic)
*Aminata - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ashike - Prosperity (Temne)
*Asuma
*Awa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Ayesha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aysha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Bahnnie - “Remorseful / Emphathetic” (Temne)
*Binta - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bintu - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Camu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Damoh - (Limba)
*Dawa
*Egbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Ejatu
*Emivia
*Eyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Fanta - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic - Mandinka Localised)
*Fatima - “One Who Abstains” (Arabic)
*Fatmata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fatumata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Finnoh - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finnor - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finda - Daughter born after second son, female third born 
*Fudia - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Fudiatu - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Gbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Gbentha - Brightness (Temne)
*Giloh -  &quot;Let this remain&quot; (Mende)
*Habiba - “Blessed / Loved One” (Arabic)
*Habibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hadijatu - “Early Born Child / ‘Khadijah’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Haja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous ” (Arabic)
*Hajah - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajaratu “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Halimatu
*Hassanatu - “Radiant Beauty / ‘Hasana’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Hawa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living” (Arabic)
*Hawanatu - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Hejawa - Abundance of Luck (Mende)
*Isata - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isatu - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Iya
*Iyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Iye
*Jebbeh
*Jebeh
*Jeneba - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jenneh - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jilo - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jiloh - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jita
*Kadie - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Khadijah - “Early Born Child” (Arabic)
*Khadijatu - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kainday
*Kamu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Kanyim - Born at night/dark (Temne)
*Kathy - Sunday-born (Limba)
*Kenia
*Kilikuroo - “God-depending” (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koniaka - (Mende)
*Kpatehnya - (Mende)
*Kumba - Second girl after twins
*Kutu
*Koiya - (Temne)
*Konya - (Mende)
*Lavina - Purity (Latin)
*Lavinia - Purity (Latin)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mabaindu
*Mabendu
*Mabinty
*Magayai
*Magbindi
*Magenda
*Mahunbey - “To Take Care / Look After” (Mende)
*Mariama - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mariatu - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mamie
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marie - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew)
*Maseray
*Massa
*Mbalu
*Mateneh - “Mother born on a Monday”
*Memuna - “Fortunate / Lucky / ‘Maymuna’” (Arabic)
*Mentima - (Mende)
*Muboneh - “Happiness” (Temne)
*Mujeh - “Our Mother” (Mende)
*Mujeni - “Our Mothers” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Musu - “Beautiful Wife / Beautiful Woman” (Mande)
*Nadewa - (Limba)
*Namina - (Limba)
*Nasratha - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nasratu - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nayana - (Limba)
*Ndelei - “Peace / Blissful Heart” (Mende)
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Ndomayah - “Because of Love” (Mende)
*Nekami - “Self-Pitying” (Temne)
*Nemata
*Neneh
*Nepor - Courage (Mende)
*Nikami - Self-Pitying (Temne)
*Nouhou
*Nyahagbayie - “Woman of Might” (Mende)
*Nyahanina - (Mende)
*Nyaleimava - (Mende)
*Nyalima - (Mende)
*Nyanda - (Mende)
*Nyawa - (Mende)
*Nyawo - (Mende)
*Nyayah - (Mende)
*Okemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Okiya - Mine (Limba)
*Okiyan - Mine (Limba)
*Orkemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Othimo - Liked (Limba)
*Oyola - “The Rich One” (Temne)
*Posseh
*Preysok - “Morning-born child” (Temne)
*Pruvah 
*Rakiatu
*Raliatu
*Ramatu
*Rukoh
*Ruuba - Blessing/Thank You (Temne)
*Rugiatu
*Sabatu
*Sadanmei - (Limba)
*Sadira
*Safiatu
*Saffiatu
*Sallay
*Salamatu
*Salimatu
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sapunka - Unbearable (Limba)
*Sawie
*Seinya
*Selah
*Serah - Firstborn daughter (Limba)
*Seray
*Sia - Gift (Mande)
*Siabanda - Firstborn daughter
*Sianeh
*Simbiwa
*Simithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sinithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sira
*Tachekor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Tataigbon - “Untouchable” (Temne)
*Tatessa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Tenne - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tenneh - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tewoh - (Mende)
*Thachaikor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thatema - (Limba)
*Thathesa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Thathesar - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Theneleh
*Tilima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Titi - Girl (Krio)
*Umu - “Mother / ‘Ummu’” (Arabic)
*Unama
*Wuzairiatu
*Yabom
*Yabomporro
*Yabu
*Yaddah
*Yafeh - Peace (Temne)
*Yakasu - (Temne)
*Yakoiya - (Temne)
*Yalie - Advice (Limba)
*Yandora
*Yankain - (Limba)
*Yanbakie - (Temne)
*Yandi - Please (Limba)
*Yannoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yarimeh - (Limba)
*Yatta
*Yayo - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yayor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeabu
*Yeani - “Mothers” (Temne)
*Yeanoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeanor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yenor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yietoma
*Yoyonthor
*Zainab - “Fragrant flower” (Arabic)
*Zaria - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zariatu - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zairiatu - “To bloom / ‘zāra’” (Arabic)

==Boys' names==
*Abdul - “Servant (of)” (Arabic)
*Abdullah - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic)
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Abu - “Father (of)” (Arabic)
*Abubakar - “Father of a Young Camel / ‘Abu Bakr’” (Arabic)
*Abudu - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Aiah - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Alasan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Alhaji - “The Pilgrim / ‘Al-Hajj’” (Arabic)
*Ali - High / Exalted / Elevated (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Almamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alimamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alpha - “The Jurist / The Scholar / ‘Al-Fariq’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alusine - “The Handsome / ‘Al-Husayn’” (Arabic)
*Amadu - “The One Who Constantly Thanks God / Highly Commendable / ‘Ahmad’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Arun - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Aruna - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Arsheke - (Temne)
*Arshekeh - (Temne)
*Aya - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Babah
*Badara
*Bai - Chief/Strength (Temne)
*Bai-Bai - (Temne)
*Baika - (Mende)
*Baisharu - (Temne)
*Bakar - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Baksene - Patience (Temne)
*Bambara - Riverine Flooding, “One who has Force” (Limba)
*Banekore - (Temne)
*Bangali
*Bankolo - “Don’t try it” (Limba)
*Barikeh - “Thank You” (Temne)
*Barome - (Temne)
*Benkutay - “Have you seen” (Limba)
*Benya
*Beyasi - Security (Limba)
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bockarie
*Boimah
*Boineh - Happy (Temne)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Chernoh 
*Dauda - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Dausie - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ervel
*Fayia - Second-born boy (Kissi / Kono)
*Fallah
*Fatha
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Fino - Pretty (Temne)
*Finnoh - Pretty (Temne)
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Gbassay
*Gbemute - (Temne)
*Gassimu
*Hachim - “Born in temporary separation” (Temne)
*Hassan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Hassana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Ibra - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahim - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahima - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Idris - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Idrissa - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Ishmael
*Jami
*Juma
*Juldeh
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kai - Chief/Elder (Temne) - Man (Vai)
*Kaima
*Kaisamba
*Kaloko
*Kalom - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kalomp - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kambi
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karamoh
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kassim - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic)
*Kassimu - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kaskami - “My Father” (Temne)
*Kaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Kehwalleh
*Kei
*Kelfa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kelefa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kemoh
*Kemokai - “Man from Kemo” (Vai/Mande)
*Kemokoh
*Kenie
*Kewullay 
*Komba
*Komrabai - Chief/Elder (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koray
*Kowa
*Koyie
*Koyon - Rain (Limba)
*Kuruuba - Hero (Temne)
*Kuruugba - Hero (Temne)
*Kusan
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lamie - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mahai
*Mai
*Mahmadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makari
*Mamadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Mamudu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makoo
*Malakai - “My Messenger / My Angel / ‘Malaki’” (Hebrew)
*Maliki - “King / Sovereign / ‘Malik’” (Arabic) 
*Mayon - First born (Limba)
*Minkailu
*Mohamed - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momodu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Morlai
*Morlay
*Mourie
*Mukeh - “Our Father” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Muloma - “Harmony” (Mende)
*Muluku
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Mustapha - “The Chosen One / ‘Mustafa’” (Arabic)
*Nabie
*Najee
*Nbalie
*Ndawa
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Nomolie
*Obrahim - “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Okaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Olobi
*Osman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Ousman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Pilleh
*Saa - First-born son
*Saah - First-born son
*Sadiq - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sahr - First-born son
*Said - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic)
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Salfu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Salieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Sallieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Samba
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sana
*Sandima
*Santigie
*Sara
*Sarjoh
*Sarway
*Segepoh
*Sei
*Sembeh - Strength (Limba)
*Senesie
*Senie
*Sento
*Sesay
*Sheaka
*Shekhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheikhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Siafa
*Siaka
*Sidi - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiki - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiq - “Truthful One / Sincere” (Arabic)
*Sonsiama
*Soriba
*Sorie
*Sulay - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suley - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sulaiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleyman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Taiwo - “First Twin to Taste the World” (Yoruba)
*Takothor
*Tamarane - “Helper / Let Us Help” (Temne)
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarasid
*Taypineh - (Temne)
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thaimu - (Temne)
*Thamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Thasneh - “Too much” (Temne)
*Thegeka - “Mindful to their own” (Limba)
*Thoyenkeh - (Temne)
*Tokumboh
*Umar - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Umaru - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Unisa
*Usman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Wesseh
*Yahya
*Yakub - “One Who Follows / Supplanter” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yakuba - “One Who Follows / Supplanter / ‘Yakub’” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yamba

==Surnames==
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Allieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Amara
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Bah
*Bai - Chief / Strength (Temne)
*Baion
*Bakarr - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Balde
*Bangura
*Banorah
*Banya
*Barrie
*Bassie
*Bayoh
*Bendu
*Bengeh
*Benya
*Bockarie
*Boima
*Brewah
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bundu
*Carew
*Cocker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Coker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Conteh
*Daboh
*Dambeli
*Dambelly
*Daramy
*Dauda  - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Deen
*Dukureh
*Dumbuya
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Fofana
*Fofanah
*Foh
*Fomah
*Fomba
*Foray
*Gaba
*Ganda
*Gassama
*Gwary
*Gassimu
*Gbla
*Gblah
*Gbondo
*Gborie
*Gevao
*Jabati
*Jabbie
*Jadama
*Jah
*Jalloh
*Jammeh
*Janneh
*Jarsey
*Jawara
*Jaward - “Open-handed / Generous / ‘Jawad’” (Arabic)
*Jebbeh
*Jinkang
*Jobarteh
*Jones - son of John (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Juana
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kabbah
*Kabia
*Kaikai
*Kailie
*Kallay
*Kallon
*Kalokoh
*Kamanda
*Kamara - “Protecting Village / Home” (Soninke)
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanu
*Kanuteh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karew
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kargbo
*Karimu
*Katta
*Kawa
*Kebbie
*Keita
*Kellie
*Khia
*Koita
*Koker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Kolleh
*Komba
*Komai
*Konateh
*Konneh
*Konteh
*Konomanyi
*Koroma
*Kowa
*Kpaka
*Kurubally
*Kutubu
*Kuyateh
*Lahai
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Lavalie - (Mende)
*Lebbie
*Lungay
*Lunsar - “Lion’s town” “Place of stones” (Temne - Town in the Northern Province)
*Luseni
*MacCarthy -  “son of Cárthach&quot; &quot;loving/beloved” (Irish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*MacFoy - “Son of the Potter” (Scottish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*Makaya
*Mani - (Kono / Kissi)
*Manjang
*Manneh
*Mansaray
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Margai
*Marrah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Massally
*Massaquoi - “Chief / Ruler” (Vai)
*Mattia
*Mayeh
*Mbayo
*Minah
*Minteh
*Moinina
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Moriba
*Morong
*Moseray
*Munu
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Ngegba
*Ngobeh
*Panneh
*Pessima
*Quee
*Saccoh
*Saffa
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Sall
*Sama
*Samah
*Samai
*Samba
*Sambo
*Samura
*Samurah
*Sankarah
*Sankareh
*Sankoh
*Sannoh
*Sanu
*Sanyang
*Sawaneh
*Sawyerr - “One Who Saws Wood / Woodcutter” (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Sekoh
*Sellu
*Senesie
*Sengeh
*Sengulay
*Sesay
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Sidibay
*Sidibeh
*Sidibey
*Sillah
*Sogbo
*Sonko
*Sorie
*Sow
*Sowa
*Suma
*Sumana
*Suso
*Swaray
*Swarray
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarawali
*Tarawalie
*Tarawallie
*Tarawally
*Taylor - Cutter of cloth / ‘Tailor’ (English / French) *common amongst the Krio
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Tengbeh
*Tholley
*Thoronka
*Timbo
*Tonkara
*Tucker - Softener of cloth (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Tumoe
*Tunkara
*Turay
*Vandi
*Vandy
*Wariteh
*Williams - son of William (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Woobay
*Wulladeh 
*Wurie
*Yakawa
*Yambasu
*Yansaneh
*Yansanneh
*Yiraia

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ssprj0p5b1omyvg3uqi0bfs08ziae93</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641909</id>
      <parentid>4641907</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T19:28:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Serayinterlude</username>
        <id>3571176</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Surnames */</comment>
      <origin>4641909</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18916" sha1="otbxwufwn3xi303m5k2cq9i7tgv0dhd" xml:space="preserve">==Usage note==
Some Sierra Leonean given names are based on birth order, context and gender. These are indicated here.

Sierra Leonean given names are sometimes borrowed from other local ethnic tribes, where one name can be rooted in one group, it may be commonly used within other overlapping groups. For example, ‘Tenneh’ means Monday in Limba, but the name is most commonly observed amongst Temne people too. It is also possible for the same name to have different meanings to different ethnic groups.

Some names listed may not be Sierra Leonean by origin, but used frequently within the country.

==Girls' names==
*Aba
*Abiba - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Abibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Adama - “Earth / Created from the Ground” (Hebrew)
*Adiatu - “God’s Adornment” (Hebrew)
*Aicha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aisha - “Alive / Thriving” (Arabic)
*Ajaratu - “Prosperous / Precious Stone / ‘Ajar’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alanki - “Given by God” (Limba)
*Alimatu
*Amara - “Grace” (Igbo)
*Amie - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic)
*Amida - “Praised / Commendable / ‘Ameeda’” (Arabic)
*Amina - “Protected / Devoted” (Arabic)
*Aminata - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ashike - Prosperity (Temne)
*Asuma
*Awa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Ayesha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aysha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Bahnnie - “Remorseful / Emphathetic” (Temne)
*Binta - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bintu - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Camu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Damoh - (Limba)
*Dawa
*Egbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Ejatu
*Emivia
*Eyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Fanta - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic - Mandinka Localised)
*Fatima - “One Who Abstains” (Arabic)
*Fatmata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fatumata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Finnoh - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finnor - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finda - Daughter born after second son, female third born 
*Fudia - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Fudiatu - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Gbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Gbentha - Brightness (Temne)
*Giloh -  &quot;Let this remain&quot; (Mende)
*Habiba - “Blessed / Loved One” (Arabic)
*Habibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hadijatu - “Early Born Child / ‘Khadijah’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Haja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous ” (Arabic)
*Hajah - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajaratu “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Halimatu
*Hassanatu - “Radiant Beauty / ‘Hasana’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Hawa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living” (Arabic)
*Hawanatu - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Hejawa - Abundance of Luck (Mende)
*Isata - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isatu - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Iya
*Iyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Iye
*Jebbeh
*Jebeh
*Jeneba - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jenneh - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jilo - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jiloh - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jita
*Kadie - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Khadijah - “Early Born Child” (Arabic)
*Khadijatu - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kainday
*Kamu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Kanyim - Born at night/dark (Temne)
*Kathy - Sunday-born (Limba)
*Kenia
*Kilikuroo - “God-depending” (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koniaka - (Mende)
*Kpatehnya - (Mende)
*Kumba - Second girl after twins
*Kutu
*Koiya - (Temne)
*Konya - (Mende)
*Lavina - Purity (Latin)
*Lavinia - Purity (Latin)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mabaindu
*Mabendu
*Mabinty
*Magayai
*Magbindi
*Magenda
*Mahunbey - “To Take Care / Look After” (Mende)
*Mariama - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mariatu - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mamie
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marie - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew)
*Maseray
*Massa
*Mbalu
*Mateneh - “Mother born on a Monday”
*Memuna - “Fortunate / Lucky / ‘Maymuna’” (Arabic)
*Mentima - (Mende)
*Muboneh - “Happiness” (Temne)
*Mujeh - “Our Mother” (Mende)
*Mujeni - “Our Mothers” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Musu - “Beautiful Wife / Beautiful Woman” (Mande)
*Nadewa - (Limba)
*Namina - (Limba)
*Nasratha - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nasratu - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nayana - (Limba)
*Ndelei - “Peace / Blissful Heart” (Mende)
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Ndomayah - “Because of Love” (Mende)
*Nekami - “Self-Pitying” (Temne)
*Nemata
*Neneh
*Nepor - Courage (Mende)
*Nikami - Self-Pitying (Temne)
*Nouhou
*Nyahagbayie - “Woman of Might” (Mende)
*Nyahanina - (Mende)
*Nyaleimava - (Mende)
*Nyalima - (Mende)
*Nyanda - (Mende)
*Nyawa - (Mende)
*Nyawo - (Mende)
*Nyayah - (Mende)
*Okemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Okiya - Mine (Limba)
*Okiyan - Mine (Limba)
*Orkemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Othimo - Liked (Limba)
*Oyola - “The Rich One” (Temne)
*Posseh
*Preysok - “Morning-born child” (Temne)
*Pruvah 
*Rakiatu
*Raliatu
*Ramatu
*Rukoh
*Ruuba - Blessing/Thank You (Temne)
*Rugiatu
*Sabatu
*Sadanmei - (Limba)
*Sadira
*Safiatu
*Saffiatu
*Sallay
*Salamatu
*Salimatu
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sapunka - Unbearable (Limba)
*Sawie
*Seinya
*Selah
*Serah - Firstborn daughter (Limba)
*Seray
*Sia - Gift (Mande)
*Siabanda - Firstborn daughter
*Sianeh
*Simbiwa
*Simithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sinithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sira
*Tachekor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Tataigbon - “Untouchable” (Temne)
*Tatessa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Tenne - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tenneh - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tewoh - (Mende)
*Thachaikor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thatema - (Limba)
*Thathesa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Thathesar - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Theneleh
*Tilima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Titi - Girl (Krio)
*Umu - “Mother / ‘Ummu’” (Arabic)
*Unama
*Wuzairiatu
*Yabom
*Yabomporro
*Yabu
*Yaddah
*Yafeh - Peace (Temne)
*Yakasu - (Temne)
*Yakoiya - (Temne)
*Yalie - Advice (Limba)
*Yandora
*Yankain - (Limba)
*Yanbakie - (Temne)
*Yandi - Please (Limba)
*Yannoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yarimeh - (Limba)
*Yatta
*Yayo - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yayor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeabu
*Yeani - “Mothers” (Temne)
*Yeanoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeanor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yenor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yietoma
*Yoyonthor
*Zainab - “Fragrant flower” (Arabic)
*Zaria - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zariatu - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zairiatu - “To bloom / ‘zāra’” (Arabic)

==Boys' names==
*Abdul - “Servant (of)” (Arabic)
*Abdullah - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic)
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Abu - “Father (of)” (Arabic)
*Abubakar - “Father of a Young Camel / ‘Abu Bakr’” (Arabic)
*Abudu - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Aiah - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Alasan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Alhaji - “The Pilgrim / ‘Al-Hajj’” (Arabic)
*Ali - High / Exalted / Elevated (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Almamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alimamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alpha - “The Jurist / The Scholar / ‘Al-Fariq’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alusine - “The Handsome / ‘Al-Husayn’” (Arabic)
*Amadu - “The One Who Constantly Thanks God / Highly Commendable / ‘Ahmad’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Arun - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Aruna - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Arsheke - (Temne)
*Arshekeh - (Temne)
*Aya - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Babah
*Badara
*Bai - Chief/Strength (Temne)
*Bai-Bai - (Temne)
*Baika - (Mende)
*Baisharu - (Temne)
*Bakar - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Baksene - Patience (Temne)
*Bambara - Riverine Flooding, “One who has Force” (Limba)
*Banekore - (Temne)
*Bangali
*Bankolo - “Don’t try it” (Limba)
*Barikeh - “Thank You” (Temne)
*Barome - (Temne)
*Benkutay - “Have you seen” (Limba)
*Benya
*Beyasi - Security (Limba)
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bockarie
*Boimah
*Boineh - Happy (Temne)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Chernoh 
*Dauda - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Dausie - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ervel
*Fayia - Second-born boy (Kissi / Kono)
*Fallah
*Fatha
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Fino - Pretty (Temne)
*Finnoh - Pretty (Temne)
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Gbassay
*Gbemute - (Temne)
*Gassimu
*Hachim - “Born in temporary separation” (Temne)
*Hassan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Hassana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Ibra - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahim - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahima - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Idris - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Idrissa - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Ishmael
*Jami
*Juma
*Juldeh
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kai - Chief/Elder (Temne) - Man (Vai)
*Kaima
*Kaisamba
*Kaloko
*Kalom - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kalomp - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kambi
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karamoh
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kassim - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic)
*Kassimu - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kaskami - “My Father” (Temne)
*Kaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Kehwalleh
*Kei
*Kelfa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kelefa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kemoh
*Kemokai - “Man from Kemo” (Vai/Mande)
*Kemokoh
*Kenie
*Kewullay 
*Komba
*Komrabai - Chief/Elder (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koray
*Kowa
*Koyie
*Koyon - Rain (Limba)
*Kuruuba - Hero (Temne)
*Kuruugba - Hero (Temne)
*Kusan
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lamie - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mahai
*Mai
*Mahmadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makari
*Mamadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Mamudu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makoo
*Malakai - “My Messenger / My Angel / ‘Malaki’” (Hebrew)
*Maliki - “King / Sovereign / ‘Malik’” (Arabic) 
*Mayon - First born (Limba)
*Minkailu
*Mohamed - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momodu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Morlai
*Morlay
*Mourie
*Mukeh - “Our Father” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Muloma - “Harmony” (Mende)
*Muluku
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Mustapha - “The Chosen One / ‘Mustafa’” (Arabic)
*Nabie
*Najee
*Nbalie
*Ndawa
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Nomolie
*Obrahim - “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Okaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Olobi
*Osman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Ousman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Pilleh
*Saa - First-born son
*Saah - First-born son
*Sadiq - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sahr - First-born son
*Said - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic)
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Salfu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Salieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Sallieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Samba
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sana
*Sandima
*Santigie
*Sara
*Sarjoh
*Sarway
*Segepoh
*Sei
*Sembeh - Strength (Limba)
*Senesie
*Senie
*Sento
*Sesay
*Sheaka
*Shekhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheikhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Siafa
*Siaka
*Sidi - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiki - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiq - “Truthful One / Sincere” (Arabic)
*Sonsiama
*Soriba
*Sorie
*Sulay - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suley - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sulaiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleyman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Taiwo - “First Twin to Taste the World” (Yoruba)
*Takothor
*Tamarane - “Helper / Let Us Help” (Temne)
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarasid
*Taypineh - (Temne)
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thaimu - (Temne)
*Thamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Thasneh - “Too much” (Temne)
*Thegeka - “Mindful to their own” (Limba)
*Thoyenkeh - (Temne)
*Tokumboh
*Umar - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Umaru - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Unisa
*Usman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Wesseh
*Yahya
*Yakub - “One Who Follows / Supplanter” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yakuba - “One Who Follows / Supplanter / ‘Yakub’” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yamba

==Surnames==
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Allieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Amara
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Bah
*Bai - Chief / Strength (Temne)
*Baion
*Bakarr - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Balde
*Bangura
*Banorah
*Banya
*Barrie
*Bassie
*Bayoh
*Beah
*Bendu
*Bengeh
*Benya
*Bio
*Bockarie
*Boima
*Brewah
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bundu
*Carew
*Cocker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Coker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Conteh
*Daboh
*Dabundeh
*Dambeli
*Dambelly
*Daramy
*Dauda  - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Deen
*Dukureh
*Dumbuya
*Entochema
*Fasuluku
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Fofana
*Fofanah
*Foh
*Fomah
*Fomba
*Foray
*Funah
*Funna
*Gaba
*Ganda
*Gassama
*Gassimu
*Gbamanja
*Gbla
*Gblah
*Gbondo
*Gborie
*Gevao
*Gwary
*Jabati
*Jabbie
*Jadama
*Jah
*Jajua
*Jalloh
*Jammeh
*Janneh
*Jarsey
*Jawara
*Jaward - “Open-handed / Generous / ‘Jawad’” (Arabic)
*Jebbeh
*Jinkang
*Jobarteh
*Joko
*Jones - son of John (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Juana
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kabbah
*Kabia
*Kaikai
*Kailie
*Kaingbanja
*Kaisamba
*Kakay
*Kallay
*Kallon
*Kalokoh
*Kamanda
*Kamara - “Protecting Village / Home” (Soninke)
*Kanagborro
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanu
*Kanuteh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karew
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kargbo
*Karimu
*Katta
*Kawa
*Kebbie
*Keita
*Kellie
*Khia
*Koedoyoma
*Koita
*Koker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Kolleh
*Komba
*Komai
*Konateh
*Kondewa
*Konneh
*Kongobah
*Kongobay
*Konteh
*Konomanyi
*Koroma
*Kortu
*Kowa
*Kpaka
*Kurubally
*Kutubu
*Kuyateh
*Kuyembeh
*Lahai
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Lavalie - (Mende)
*Lebbie
*Lewally
*Lungay
*Lunsar - “Lion’s town” “Place of stones” (Temne - Town in the Northern Province)
*Luseni
*MacCarthy -  “son of Cárthach&quot; &quot;loving/beloved” (Irish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*MacFoy - “Son of the Potter” (Scottish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*Magona
*Makaya
*Maligie
*Mani - (Kono / Kissi)
*Manjang
*Manneh
*Mansaray
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Margai
*Marrah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Massally
*Massaquoi - “Chief / Ruler” (Vai)
*Mattia
*Matturie
*Mayeh
*Mbayo
*Minah
*Minteh
*Moinina
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Momokani
*Moriba
*Morong
*Moseray
*Munu
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Ngegba
*Ngobeh
*Nyuma
*Nyumah
*Panneh
*Pessima
*Quee
*Saccoh
*Saffa
*Saibureh
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Sall
*Sama
*Samah
*Samai
*Samba
*Sambo
*Samura
*Samurah
*Sankarah
*Sankareh
*Sankoh
*Sannoh
*Sanu
*Sanyang
*Sawaneh
*Sawyerr - “One Who Saws Wood / Woodcutter” (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Seibureh
*Sekoh
*Sellu
*Senesie
*Sengeh
*Sengulay
*Sesay
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Sidibay
*Sidibeh
*Sidibey
*Sillah
*Sogbo
*Sonko
*Sorie
*Sourie
*Sow
*Sowa
*Suma
*Sumana
*Suso
*Swaray
*Swarray
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarawali
*Tarawalie
*Tarawallie
*Tarawally
*Taylor - Cutter of cloth / ‘Tailor’ (English / French) *common amongst the Krio
*Teambo
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Tengbeh
*Tholley
*Thoronka
*Timbo
*Tonkara
*Torto
*Tucker - Softener of cloth (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Tumoe
*Tunkara
*Turay
*Vandi
*Vandy
*Wariteh
*Williams - son of William (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Wongbo
*Woobay
*Wulladeh 
*Wurie
*Yakawa
*Yambasu
*Yansaneh
*Yansanneh
*Yiraia
*Yokie
*{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>otbxwufwn3xi303m5k2cq9i7tgv0dhd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641911</id>
      <parentid>4641909</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T19:35:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Serayinterlude</username>
        <id>3571176</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Surnames */</comment>
      <origin>4641911</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="18939" sha1="qc2jnan2s6zsixpk9ez6vbrnzcwkq5m" xml:space="preserve">==Usage note==
Some Sierra Leonean given names are based on birth order, context and gender. These are indicated here.

Sierra Leonean given names are sometimes borrowed from other local ethnic tribes, where one name can be rooted in one group, it may be commonly used within other overlapping groups. For example, ‘Tenneh’ means Monday in Limba, but the name is most commonly observed amongst Temne people too. It is also possible for the same name to have different meanings to different ethnic groups.

Some names listed may not be Sierra Leonean by origin, but used frequently within the country.

==Girls' names==
*Aba
*Abiba - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Abibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Adama - “Earth / Created from the Ground” (Hebrew)
*Adiatu - “God’s Adornment” (Hebrew)
*Aicha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aisha - “Alive / Thriving” (Arabic)
*Ajaratu - “Prosperous / Precious Stone / ‘Ajar’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alanki - “Given by God” (Limba)
*Alimatu
*Amara - “Grace” (Igbo)
*Amie - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic)
*Amida - “Praised / Commendable / ‘Ameeda’” (Arabic)
*Amina - “Protected / Devoted” (Arabic)
*Aminata - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ashike - Prosperity (Temne)
*Asuma
*Awa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Ayesha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aysha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Bahnnie - “Remorseful / Emphathetic” (Temne)
*Binta - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bintu - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Camu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Damoh - (Limba)
*Dawa
*Egbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Ejatu
*Emivia
*Eyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Fanta - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic - Mandinka Localised)
*Fatima - “One Who Abstains” (Arabic)
*Fatmata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fatumata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Finnoh - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finnor - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finda - Daughter born after second son, female third born 
*Fudia - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Fudiatu - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Gbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Gbentha - Brightness (Temne)
*Giloh -  &quot;Let this remain&quot; (Mende)
*Habiba - “Blessed / Loved One” (Arabic)
*Habibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hadijatu - “Early Born Child / ‘Khadijah’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Haja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous ” (Arabic)
*Hajah - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajaratu “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Halimatu
*Hassanatu - “Radiant Beauty / ‘Hasana’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Hawa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living” (Arabic)
*Hawanatu - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Hejawa - Abundance of Luck (Mende)
*Isata - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isatu - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Iya
*Iyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Iye
*Jebbeh
*Jebeh
*Jeneba - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jenneh - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jilo - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jiloh - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jita
*Kadie - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Khadijah - “Early Born Child” (Arabic)
*Khadijatu - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kainday
*Kamu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Kanyim - Born at night/dark (Temne)
*Kathy - Sunday-born (Limba)
*Kenia
*Kilikuroo - “God-depending” (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koniaka - (Mende)
*Kpatehnya - (Mende)
*Kumba - Second girl after twins
*Kutu
*Koiya - (Temne)
*Konya - (Mende)
*Lavina - Purity (Latin)
*Lavinia - Purity (Latin)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mabaindu
*Mabendu
*Mabinty
*Magayai
*Magbindi
*Magenda
*Mahunbey - “To Take Care / Look After” (Mende)
*Mariama - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mariatu - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mamie
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marie - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew)
*Maseray
*Massa
*Mbalu
*Mateneh - “Mother born on a Monday”
*Memuna - “Fortunate / Lucky / ‘Maymuna’” (Arabic)
*Mentima - (Mende)
*Muboneh - “Happiness” (Temne)
*Mujeh - “Our Mother” (Mende)
*Mujeni - “Our Mothers” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Musu - “Beautiful Wife / Beautiful Woman” (Mande)
*Nadewa - (Limba)
*Namina - (Limba)
*Nasratha - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nasratu - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nayana - (Limba)
*Ndelei - “Peace / Blissful Heart” (Mende)
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Ndomayah - “Because of Love” (Mende)
*Nekami - “Self-Pitying” (Temne)
*Nemata
*Neneh
*Nepor - Courage (Mende)
*Nikami - Self-Pitying (Temne)
*Nouhou
*Nyahagbayie - “Woman of Might” (Mende)
*Nyahanina - (Mende)
*Nyaleimava - (Mende)
*Nyalima - (Mende)
*Nyanda - (Mende)
*Nyawa - (Mende)
*Nyawo - (Mende)
*Nyayah - (Mende)
*Okemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Okiya - Mine (Limba)
*Okiyan - Mine (Limba)
*Orkemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Othimo - Liked (Limba)
*Oyola - “The Rich One” (Temne)
*Posseh
*Preysok - “Morning-born child” (Temne)
*Pruvah 
*Rakiatu
*Raliatu
*Ramatu
*Rukoh
*Ruuba - Blessing/Thank You (Temne)
*Rugiatu
*Sabatu
*Sadanmei - (Limba)
*Sadira
*Safiatu
*Saffiatu
*Sallay
*Salamatu
*Salimatu
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sapunka - Unbearable (Limba)
*Sawie
*Seinya
*Selah
*Serah - Firstborn daughter (Limba)
*Seray
*Sia - Gift (Mande)
*Siabanda - Firstborn daughter
*Sianeh
*Simbiwa
*Simithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sinithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sira
*Tachekor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Tataigbon - “Untouchable” (Temne)
*Tatessa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Tenne - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tenneh - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tewoh - (Mende)
*Thachaikor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thatema - (Limba)
*Thathesa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Thathesar - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Theneleh
*Tilima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Titi - Girl (Krio)
*Umu - “Mother / ‘Ummu’” (Arabic)
*Unama
*Wuzairiatu
*Yabom
*Yabomporro
*Yabu
*Yaddah
*Yafeh - Peace (Temne)
*Yakasu - (Temne)
*Yakoiya - (Temne)
*Yalie - Advice (Limba)
*Yandora
*Yankain - (Limba)
*Yanbakie - (Temne)
*Yandi - Please (Limba)
*Yannoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yarimeh - (Limba)
*Yatta
*Yayo - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yayor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeabu
*Yeani - “Mothers” (Temne)
*Yeanoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeanor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yenor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yietoma
*Yoyonthor
*Zainab - “Fragrant flower” (Arabic)
*Zaria - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zariatu - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zairiatu - “To bloom / ‘zāra’” (Arabic)

==Boys' names==
*Abdul - “Servant (of)” (Arabic)
*Abdullah - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic)
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Abu - “Father (of)” (Arabic)
*Abubakar - “Father of a Young Camel / ‘Abu Bakr’” (Arabic)
*Abudu - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Aiah - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Alasan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Alhaji - “The Pilgrim / ‘Al-Hajj’” (Arabic)
*Ali - High / Exalted / Elevated (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Almamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alimamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alpha - “The Jurist / The Scholar / ‘Al-Fariq’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alusine - “The Handsome / ‘Al-Husayn’” (Arabic)
*Amadu - “The One Who Constantly Thanks God / Highly Commendable / ‘Ahmad’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Arun - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Aruna - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Arsheke - (Temne)
*Arshekeh - (Temne)
*Aya - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Babah
*Badara
*Bai - Chief/Strength (Temne)
*Bai-Bai - (Temne)
*Baika - (Mende)
*Baisharu - (Temne)
*Bakar - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Baksene - Patience (Temne)
*Bambara - Riverine Flooding, “One who has Force” (Limba)
*Banekore - (Temne)
*Bangali
*Bankolo - “Don’t try it” (Limba)
*Barikeh - “Thank You” (Temne)
*Barome - (Temne)
*Benkutay - “Have you seen” (Limba)
*Benya
*Beyasi - Security (Limba)
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bockarie
*Boimah
*Boineh - Happy (Temne)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Chernoh 
*Dauda - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Dausie - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ervel
*Fayia - Second-born boy (Kissi / Kono)
*Fallah
*Fatha
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Fino - Pretty (Temne)
*Finnoh - Pretty (Temne)
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Gbassay
*Gbemute - (Temne)
*Gassimu
*Hachim - “Born in temporary separation” (Temne)
*Hassan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Hassana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Ibra - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahim - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahima - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Idris - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Idrissa - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Ishmael
*Jami
*Juma
*Juldeh
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kai - Chief/Elder (Temne) - Man (Vai)
*Kaima
*Kaisamba
*Kaloko
*Kalom - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kalomp - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kambi
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karamoh
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kassim - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic)
*Kassimu - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kaskami - “My Father” (Temne)
*Kaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Kehwalleh
*Kei
*Kelfa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kelefa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kemoh
*Kemokai - “Man from Kemo” (Vai/Mande)
*Kemokoh
*Kenie
*Kewullay 
*Komba
*Komrabai - Chief/Elder (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koray
*Kowa
*Koyie
*Koyon - Rain (Limba)
*Kuruuba - Hero (Temne)
*Kuruugba - Hero (Temne)
*Kusan
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lamie - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mahai
*Mai
*Mahmadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makari
*Mamadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Mamudu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makoo
*Malakai - “My Messenger / My Angel / ‘Malaki’” (Hebrew)
*Maliki - “King / Sovereign / ‘Malik’” (Arabic) 
*Mayon - First born (Limba)
*Minkailu
*Mohamed - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momodu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Morlai
*Morlay
*Mourie
*Mukeh - “Our Father” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Muloma - “Harmony” (Mende)
*Muluku
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Mustapha - “The Chosen One / ‘Mustafa’” (Arabic)
*Nabie
*Najee
*Nbalie
*Ndawa
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Nomolie
*Obrahim - “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Okaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Olobi
*Osman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Ousman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Pilleh
*Saa - First-born son
*Saah - First-born son
*Sadiq - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sahr - First-born son
*Said - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic)
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Salfu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Salieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Sallieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Samba
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sana
*Sandima
*Santigie
*Sara
*Sarjoh
*Sarway
*Segepoh
*Sei
*Sembeh - Strength (Limba)
*Senesie
*Senie
*Sento
*Sesay
*Sheaka
*Shekhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheikhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Siafa
*Siaka
*Sidi - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiki - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiq - “Truthful One / Sincere” (Arabic)
*Sonsiama
*Soriba
*Sorie
*Sulay - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suley - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sulaiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleyman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Taiwo - “First Twin to Taste the World” (Yoruba)
*Takothor
*Tamarane - “Helper / Let Us Help” (Temne)
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarasid
*Taypineh - (Temne)
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thaimu - (Temne)
*Thamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Thasneh - “Too much” (Temne)
*Thegeka - “Mindful to their own” (Limba)
*Thoyenkeh - (Temne)
*Tokumboh
*Umar - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Umaru - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Unisa
*Usman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Wesseh
*Yahya
*Yakub - “One Who Follows / Supplanter” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yakuba - “One Who Follows / Supplanter / ‘Yakub’” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yamba

==Surnames==
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Allieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Amara
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Bah
*Bai - Chief / Strength (Temne)
*Baion
*Bakarr - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Balde
*Bangura
*Banorah
*Banya
*Barrie
*Bassie
*Bayoh
*Beah
*Bendu
*Bengeh
*Benya
*Bio
*Bockarie
*Boima
*Brewah
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bundu
*Carew
*Cocker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Coker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Conteh
*Daboh
*Dabundeh
*Dambeli
*Dambelly
*Daramy
*Dauda  - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Deen
*Dukureh
*Dumbuya
*Entochema
*Fasuluku
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Fofana
*Fofanah
*Foh
*Fomah
*Fomba
*Foray
*Funah
*Funna
*Gaba
*Ganda
*Gassama
*Gassimu
*Gbamanja
*Gbla
*Gblah
*Gbondo
*Gborie
*Gevao
*Gwary
*Jabati
*Jabbie
*Jadama
*Jah
*Jajua
*Jalloh
*Jammeh
*Janneh
*Jarsey
*Jawara
*Jaward - “Open-handed / Generous / ‘Jawad’” (Arabic)
*Jebbeh
*Jinkang
*Jobarteh
*Joko
*Jones - son of John (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Juana
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kabbah
*Kabia
*Kaikai
*Kailie
*Kaingbanja
*Kaisamba
*Kakay
*Kallay
*Kallon
*Kalokoh
*Kamanda
*Kamara - “Protecting Village / Home” (Soninke)
*Kanagborro
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanu
*Kanuteh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karew
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kargbo
*Karimu
*Katta
*Kawa
*Kebbie
*Keita
*Kellie
*Khia
*Koedoyoma
*Koita
*Koker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Kolleh
*Komba
*Komai
*Konateh
*Kondewa
*Konneh
*Kongobah
*Kongobay
*Konteh
*Konomanyi
*Koroma
*Kortu
*Kowa
*Kpaka
*Kurubally
*Kutubu
*Kuyateh
*Kuyembeh
*Lahai
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Lavalie - (Mende)
*Lebbie
*Lewally
*Lungay
*Lunsar - “Lion’s town” “Place of stones” (Temne - Town in the Northern Province)
*Luseni
*MacCarthy -  “son of Cárthach&quot; &quot;loving/beloved” (Irish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*MacFoy - “Son of the Potter” (Scottish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*Magona
*Makaya
*Maligie
*Mani - (Kono / Kissi)
*Manjang
*Manneh
*Mansaray
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Margai
*Marrah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Massally
*Massaquoi - “Chief / Ruler” (Vai)
*Mattia
*Matturie
*Mayeh
*Mbayo
*Minah
*Minteh
*Moinina
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Momokani
*Moriba
*Morong
*Moseray
*Munu
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Ngegba
*Ngobeh
*Nyuma
*Nyumah
*Panneh
*Pessima
*Quee
*Saccoh
*Saffa
*Saibureh
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Sall
*Sama
*Samah
*Samai
*Samba
*Sambo
*Samura
*Samurah
*Sankarah
*Sankareh
*Sankoh - “Strong” (Temne)
*Sannoh
*Sanu
*Sanyang
*Sawaneh
*Sawyerr - “One Who Saws Wood / Woodcutter” (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Seibureh
*Sekoh
*Sellu
*Senesie
*Sengeh
*Sengulay
*Sesay
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Sidibay
*Sidibeh
*Sidibey
*Sillah
*Sogbo
*Sonko
*Sorie
*Sourie
*Sow
*Sowa
*Suma
*Sumana
*Suso
*Swaray
*Swarray
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarawali
*Tarawalie
*Tarawallie
*Tarawally
*Taylor - Cutter of cloth / ‘Tailor’ (English / French) *common amongst the Krio
*Teambo
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Tengbeh
*Tholley
*Thoronka
*Timbo
*Tonkara
*Torto
*Tucker - Softener of cloth (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Tumoe
*Tunkara
*Turay
*Vandi
*Vandy
*Wariteh
*Williams - son of William (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Wongbo
*Woobay
*Wulladeh 
*Wurie
*Yakawa
*Yambasu
*Yansaneh
*Yansanneh
*Yiraia
*Yokie
*{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>qc2jnan2s6zsixpk9ez6vbrnzcwkq5m</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641913</id>
      <parentid>4641911</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T19:48:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Serayinterlude</username>
        <id>3571176</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Boys' names */</comment>
      <origin>4641913</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19049" sha1="suuk0nszkmqglq4nb2dg1o1c9s05cbc" xml:space="preserve">==Usage note==
Some Sierra Leonean given names are based on birth order, context and gender. These are indicated here.

Sierra Leonean given names are sometimes borrowed from other local ethnic tribes, where one name can be rooted in one group, it may be commonly used within other overlapping groups. For example, ‘Tenneh’ means Monday in Limba, but the name is most commonly observed amongst Temne people too. It is also possible for the same name to have different meanings to different ethnic groups.

Some names listed may not be Sierra Leonean by origin, but used frequently within the country.

==Girls' names==
*Aba
*Abiba - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Abibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Adama - “Earth / Created from the Ground” (Hebrew)
*Adiatu - “God’s Adornment” (Hebrew)
*Aicha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aisha - “Alive / Thriving” (Arabic)
*Ajaratu - “Prosperous / Precious Stone / ‘Ajar’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alanki - “Given by God” (Limba)
*Alimatu
*Amara - “Grace” (Igbo)
*Amie - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic)
*Amida - “Praised / Commendable / ‘Ameeda’” (Arabic)
*Amina - “Protected / Devoted” (Arabic)
*Aminata - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ashike - Prosperity (Temne)
*Asuma
*Awa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Ayesha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aysha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Bahnnie - “Remorseful / Emphathetic” (Temne)
*Binta - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bintu - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Camu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Damoh - (Limba)
*Dawa
*Egbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Ejatu
*Emivia
*Eyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Fanta - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic - Mandinka Localised)
*Fatima - “One Who Abstains” (Arabic)
*Fatmata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fatumata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Finnoh - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finnor - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finda - Daughter born after second son, female third born 
*Fudia - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Fudiatu - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Gbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Gbentha - Brightness (Temne)
*Giloh -  &quot;Let this remain&quot; (Mende)
*Habiba - “Blessed / Loved One” (Arabic)
*Habibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hadijatu - “Early Born Child / ‘Khadijah’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Haja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous ” (Arabic)
*Hajah - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajaratu “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Halimatu
*Hassanatu - “Radiant Beauty / ‘Hasana’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Hawa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living” (Arabic)
*Hawanatu - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Hejawa - Abundance of Luck (Mende)
*Isata - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isatu - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Iya
*Iyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Iye
*Jebbeh
*Jebeh
*Jeneba - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jenneh - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jilo - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jiloh - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jita
*Kadie - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Khadijah - “Early Born Child” (Arabic)
*Khadijatu - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kainday
*Kamu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Kanyim - Born at night/dark (Temne)
*Kathy - Sunday-born (Limba)
*Kenia
*Kilikuroo - “God-depending” (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koniaka - (Mende)
*Kpatehnya - (Mende)
*Kumba - Second girl after twins
*Kutu
*Koiya - (Temne)
*Konya - (Mende)
*Lavina - Purity (Latin)
*Lavinia - Purity (Latin)
*Lileh - Peace (Mende)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mabaindu
*Mabendu
*Mabinty
*Magayai
*Magbindi
*Magenda
*Mahunbey - “To Take Care / Look After” (Mende)
*Mariama - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mariatu - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mamie
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marie - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew)
*Maseray
*Massa
*Mbalu
*Mateneh - “Mother born on a Monday”
*Memuna - “Fortunate / Lucky / ‘Maymuna’” (Arabic)
*Mentima - (Mende)
*Muboneh - “Happiness” (Temne)
*Mujeh - “Our Mother” (Mende)
*Mujeni - “Our Mothers” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Musu - “Beautiful Wife / Beautiful Woman” (Mande)
*Nadewa - (Limba)
*Namina - (Limba)
*Nasratha - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nasratu - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nayana - (Limba)
*Ndelei - “Peace / Blissful Heart” (Mende)
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Ndomayah - “Because of Love” (Mende)
*Nekami - “Self-Pitying” (Temne)
*Nemata
*Neneh
*Nepor - Courage (Mende)
*Nikami - Self-Pitying (Temne)
*Nouhou
*Nyahagbayie - “Woman of Might” (Mende)
*Nyahanina - (Mende)
*Nyaleimava - (Mende)
*Nyalima - (Mende)
*Nyanda - (Mende)
*Nyawa - (Mende)
*Nyawo - (Mende)
*Nyayah - (Mende)
*Okemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Okiya - Mine (Limba)
*Okiyan - Mine (Limba)
*Orkemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Othimo - Liked (Limba)
*Oyola - “The Rich One” (Temne)
*Posseh
*Preysok - “Morning-born child” (Temne)
*Pruvah 
*Rakiatu
*Raliatu
*Ramatu
*Rukoh
*Ruuba - Blessing/Thank You (Temne)
*Rugiatu
*Sabatu
*Sadanmei - (Limba)
*Sadira
*Safiatu
*Saffiatu
*Sallay
*Salamatu
*Salimatu
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sapunka - Unbearable (Limba)
*Sawie
*Seinya
*Selah
*Serah - Firstborn daughter (Limba)
*Seray
*Sia - Gift (Mande)
*Siabanda - Firstborn daughter
*Sianeh
*Simbiwa
*Simithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sinithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sira
*Tachekor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Tataigbon - “Untouchable” (Temne)
*Tatessa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Tenne - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tenneh - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tewoh - (Mende)
*Thachaikor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thatema - (Limba)
*Thathesa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Thathesar - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Theneleh
*Tilima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Titi - Girl (Krio)
*Umu - “Mother / ‘Ummu’” (Arabic)
*Unama
*Wuzairiatu
*Yabom
*Yabomporro
*Yabu
*Yaddah
*Yafeh - Peace (Temne)
*Yakasu - (Temne)
*Yakoiya - (Temne)
*Yalie - Advice (Limba)
*Yandora
*Yankain - (Limba)
*Yanbakie - (Temne)
*Yandi - Please (Limba)
*Yannoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yarimeh - (Limba)
*Yatta
*Yayo - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yayor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeabu
*Yeani - “Mothers” (Temne)
*Yeanoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeanor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yenor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yietoma
*Yoyonthor
*Zainab - “Fragrant flower” (Arabic)
*Zaria - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zariatu - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zairiatu - “To bloom / ‘zāra’” (Arabic)

==Boys' names==
*Abdul - “Servant (of)” (Arabic)
*Abdullah - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic)
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Abu - “Father (of)” (Arabic)
*Abubakar - “Father of a Young Camel / ‘Abu Bakr’” (Arabic)
*Abudu - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Aiah - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Alasan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Alhaji - “The Pilgrim / ‘Al-Hajj’” (Arabic)
*Ali - High / Exalted / Elevated (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Almamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alimamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alpha - “The Jurist / The Scholar / ‘Al-Fariq’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alusine - “The Handsome / ‘Al-Husayn’” (Arabic)
*Amadu - “The One Who Constantly Thanks God / Highly Commendable / ‘Ahmad’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Arun - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Aruna - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Arsheke - (Temne)
*Arshekeh - (Temne)
*Aya - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Babah
*Badara
*Bai - Chief/Strength (Temne)
*Bai-Bai - (Temne)
*Baika - (Mende)
*Baisharu - (Temne)
*Bakar - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Baksene - Patience (Temne)
*Bambara - Riverine Flooding, “One who has Force” (Limba)
*Banekore - (Temne)
*Bangali
*Bankolo - “Don’t try it” (Limba)
*Barikeh - “Thank You” (Temne)
*Barome - (Temne)
*Benkutay - “Have you seen” (Limba)
*Benya
*Beyasi - Security (Limba)
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bockarie
*Boimah
*Boineh - Happy (Temne)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Chernoh 
*Dauda - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Dausie - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ervel
*Fayia - Second-born boy (Kissi / Kono)
*Fallah
*Fatha
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Fino - Pretty (Temne)
*Finnoh - Pretty (Temne)
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Gbassay
*Gbemute - (Temne)
*Gassimu
*Hachim - “Born in temporary separation” (Temne)
*Hassan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Hassana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Ibra - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahim - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahima - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Idris - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Idrissa - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Ishmael
*Jami
*Juma - Friday-born
*Juldeh
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kafo - Afternoon-born child (Mende)
*Kai - Chief/Elder (Temne) - Man (Vai)
*Kaima
*Kaisamba
*Kaloko
*Kalom - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kalomp - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kambi
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Kapindi - Night-born child (Mende)
*Karamoh
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kassim - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic)
*Kassimu - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kaskami - “My Father” (Temne)
*Kaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Kehwalleh
*Kei
*Kelfa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kelefa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kemoh
*Kemokai - “Man from Kemo” (Vai/Mande)
*Kemokoh
*Kenie
*Kewullay 
*Komba
*Komrabai - Chief/Elder (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koray
*Kowa
*Koyie
*Koyon - Rain (Limba)
*Kuruuba - Hero (Temne)
*Kuruugba - Hero (Temne)
*Kusan
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lamie - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mahai
*Mai
*Mahmadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makari
*Mamadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Mamudu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makoo
*Malakai - “My Messenger / My Angel / ‘Malaki’” (Hebrew)
*Maliki - “King / Sovereign / ‘Malik’” (Arabic) 
*Mayon - First born (Limba)
*Minkailu
*Mohamed - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momodu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Morlai
*Morlay
*Mourie
*Mukeh - “Our Father” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Muloma - “Harmony” (Mende)
*Muluku
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Mustapha - “The Chosen One / ‘Mustafa’” (Arabic)
*Nabie
*Najee
*Nbalie
*Ndawa
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Nomolie
*Obrahim - “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Okaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Olobi
*Osman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Ousman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Pilleh
*Saa - First-born son
*Saah - First-born son
*Sadiq - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sahr - First-born son
*Said - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic)
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Salfu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Salieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Sallieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Samba
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sana
*Sandima
*Santigie
*Sara
*Sarjoh
*Sarway
*Segepoh
*Sei
*Sembeh - Strength (Limba)
*Senesie
*Senie
*Sento
*Sesay
*Sheaka
*Shekhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheikhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Siafa
*Siaka
*Sidi - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiki - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiq - “Truthful One / Sincere” (Arabic)
*Sonsiama
*Soriba
*Sorie
*Sulay - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suley - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sulaiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleyman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Taiwo - “First Twin to Taste the World” (Yoruba)
*Takothor
*Tamarane - “Helper / Let Us Help” (Temne)
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarasid
*Taypineh - (Temne)
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thaimu - (Temne)
*Thamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Thasneh - “Too much” (Temne)
*Thegeka - “Mindful to their own” (Limba)
*Thoyenkeh - (Temne)
*Tokumboh
*Umar - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Umaru - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Unisa
*Usman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Wesseh
*Yahya
*Yakub - “One Who Follows / Supplanter” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yakuba - “One Who Follows / Supplanter / ‘Yakub’” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yamba

==Surnames==
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Allieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Amara
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Bah
*Bai - Chief / Strength (Temne)
*Baion
*Bakarr - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Balde
*Bangura
*Banorah
*Banya
*Barrie
*Bassie
*Bayoh
*Beah
*Bendu
*Bengeh
*Benya
*Bio
*Bockarie
*Boima
*Brewah
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bundu
*Carew
*Cocker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Coker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Conteh
*Daboh
*Dabundeh
*Dambeli
*Dambelly
*Daramy
*Dauda  - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Deen
*Dukureh
*Dumbuya
*Entochema
*Fasuluku
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Fofana
*Fofanah
*Foh
*Fomah
*Fomba
*Foray
*Funah
*Funna
*Gaba
*Ganda
*Gassama
*Gassimu
*Gbamanja
*Gbla
*Gblah
*Gbondo
*Gborie
*Gevao
*Gwary
*Jabati
*Jabbie
*Jadama
*Jah
*Jajua
*Jalloh
*Jammeh
*Janneh
*Jarsey
*Jawara
*Jaward - “Open-handed / Generous / ‘Jawad’” (Arabic)
*Jebbeh
*Jinkang
*Jobarteh
*Joko
*Jones - son of John (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Juana
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kabbah
*Kabia
*Kaikai
*Kailie
*Kaingbanja
*Kaisamba
*Kakay
*Kallay
*Kallon
*Kalokoh
*Kamanda
*Kamara - “Protecting Village / Home” (Soninke)
*Kanagborro
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanu
*Kanuteh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karew
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kargbo
*Karimu
*Katta
*Kawa
*Kebbie
*Keita
*Kellie
*Khia
*Koedoyoma
*Koita
*Koker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Kolleh
*Komba
*Komai
*Konateh
*Kondewa
*Konneh
*Kongobah
*Kongobay
*Konteh
*Konomanyi
*Koroma
*Kortu
*Kowa
*Kpaka
*Kurubally
*Kutubu
*Kuyateh
*Kuyembeh
*Lahai
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Lavalie - (Mende)
*Lebbie
*Lewally
*Lungay
*Lunsar - “Lion’s town” “Place of stones” (Temne - Town in the Northern Province)
*Luseni
*MacCarthy -  “son of Cárthach&quot; &quot;loving/beloved” (Irish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*MacFoy - “Son of the Potter” (Scottish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*Magona
*Makaya
*Maligie
*Mani - (Kono / Kissi)
*Manjang
*Manneh
*Mansaray
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Margai
*Marrah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Massally
*Massaquoi - “Chief / Ruler” (Vai)
*Mattia
*Matturie
*Mayeh
*Mbayo
*Minah
*Minteh
*Moinina
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Momokani
*Moriba
*Morong
*Moseray
*Munu
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Ngegba
*Ngobeh
*Nyuma
*Nyumah
*Panneh
*Pessima
*Quee
*Saccoh
*Saffa
*Saibureh
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Sall
*Sama
*Samah
*Samai
*Samba
*Sambo
*Samura
*Samurah
*Sankarah
*Sankareh
*Sankoh - “Strong” (Temne)
*Sannoh
*Sanu
*Sanyang
*Sawaneh
*Sawyerr - “One Who Saws Wood / Woodcutter” (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Seibureh
*Sekoh
*Sellu
*Senesie
*Sengeh
*Sengulay
*Sesay
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Sidibay
*Sidibeh
*Sidibey
*Sillah
*Sogbo
*Sonko
*Sorie
*Sourie
*Sow
*Sowa
*Suma
*Sumana
*Suso
*Swaray
*Swarray
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarawali
*Tarawalie
*Tarawallie
*Tarawally
*Taylor - Cutter of cloth / ‘Tailor’ (English / French) *common amongst the Krio
*Teambo
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Tengbeh
*Tholley
*Thoronka
*Timbo
*Tonkara
*Torto
*Tucker - Softener of cloth (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Tumoe
*Tunkara
*Turay
*Vandi
*Vandy
*Wariteh
*Williams - son of William (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Wongbo
*Woobay
*Wulladeh 
*Wurie
*Yakawa
*Yambasu
*Yansaneh
*Yansanneh
*Yiraia
*Yokie
*{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>suuk0nszkmqglq4nb2dg1o1c9s05cbc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641915</id>
      <parentid>4641913</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T19:57:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Serayinterlude</username>
        <id>3571176</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Girls' names */</comment>
      <origin>4641915</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19211" sha1="4cesn7mzf4fjoilrrt1vbdheb88dgwq" xml:space="preserve">==Usage note==
Some Sierra Leonean given names are based on birth order, context and gender. These are indicated here.

Sierra Leonean given names are sometimes borrowed from other local ethnic tribes, where one name can be rooted in one group, it may be commonly used within other overlapping groups. For example, ‘Tenneh’ means Monday in Limba, but the name is most commonly observed amongst Temne people too. It is also possible for the same name to have different meanings to different ethnic groups.

Some names listed may not be Sierra Leonean by origin, but used frequently within the country.

==Girls' names==
*Aba
*Abiba - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Abibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Adama - “Earth / Created from the Ground” (Hebrew)
*Adiatu - “God’s Adornment” (Hebrew)
*Aicha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aisha - “Alive / Thriving” (Arabic)
*Ajaratu - “Prosperous / Precious Stone / ‘Ajar’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alanki - “Given by God” (Limba)
*Alimatu
*Amara - “Grace” (Igbo)
*Amie - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic)
*Amida - “Praised / Commendable / ‘Ameeda’” (Arabic)
*Amina - “Protected / Devoted” (Arabic)
*Aminata - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ashike - Prosperity (Temne)
*Asuma
*Awa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Ayesha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aysha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Bahnnie - “Remorseful / Emphathetic” (Temne)
*Binta - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bintu - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Camu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Damoh - (Limba)
*Dawa
*Egbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Ejatu
*Emivia
*Eyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Fanta - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic - Mandinka Localised)
*Fatima - “One Who Abstains” (Arabic)
*Fatmata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fatumata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Finnoh - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finnor - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finda - Daughter born after second son, female third born 
*Fudia - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Fudiatu - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Gbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Gbentha - Brightness (Temne)
*Giloh -  &quot;Let this remain&quot; (Mende)
*Habiba - “Blessed / Loved One” (Arabic)
*Habibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hadijatu - “Early Born Child / ‘Khadijah’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Haja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous ” (Arabic)
*Hajah - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajaratu “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Halimatu
*Hassanatu - “Radiant Beauty / ‘Hasana’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Hawa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living” (Arabic)
*Hawanatu - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Hejawa - Abundance of Luck (Mende)
*Isata - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isatu - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Iya
*Iyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Iye
*Jebbeh
*Jebeh
*Jeneba - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jenneh - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jilo - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jiloh - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jita
*Kadie - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Khadijah - “Early Born Child” (Arabic)
*Khadijatu - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kainday
*Kamu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Kanyim - Born at night/dark (Temne)
*Kathy - Sunday-born (Limba)
*Kenia
*Kilikuroo - “God-depending” (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koniaka - (Mende)
*Kpatehnya - (Mende)
*Kumba - Second girl after twins
*Kutu
*Koiya - (Temne)
*Konya - (Mende)
*Lavina - Purity (Latin)
*Lavinia - Purity (Latin)
*Lileh - Peace (Mende)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mabaindu
*Mabendu
*Mabinty
*Mafo - Afternoon-born child (Mende)
*Magayai
*Magbindi - Night-born child (Mende)
*Magenda
*Mahunbey - “To Take Care / Look After” (Mende)
*Mariama - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mariatu - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mamie
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marie - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew)
*Maseray
*Massa
*Mbalu
*Mateneh - “Mother born on a Monday”
*Memuna - “Fortunate / Lucky / ‘Maymuna’” (Arabic)
*Mentima - (Mende)
*Muboneh - “Happiness” (Temne)
*Mujeh - “Our Mother” (Mende)
*Mujeni - “Our Mothers” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Musu - “Beautiful Wife / Beautiful Woman” (Mande)
*Nadewa - (Limba)
*Namina - (Limba)
*Nasratha - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nasratu - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nayana - (Limba)
*Ndelei - “Peace / Blissful Heart” (Mende)
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Ndomayah - “Because of Love” (Mende)
*Nekami - “Self-Pitying” (Temne)
*Nemata
*Neneh
*Nepor - Courage (Mende)
*Nikami - Self-Pitying (Temne)
*Nouhou
*Nyahagbayie - “Woman of Might” (Mende)
*Nyahanina - (Mende)
*Nyaleimava - (Mende)
*Nyalima - (Mende)
*Nyanda - (Mende)
*Nyawa - (Mende)
*Nyawo - (Mende)
*Nyayah - (Mende)
*Nyima - Beautiful / Good (Mandinka/Mande)
*Okemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Okiya - Mine (Limba)
*Okiyan - Mine (Limba)
*Orkemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Othimo - Liked (Limba)
*Oyola - “The Rich One” (Temne)
*Posseh
*Preysok - “Morning-born child” (Temne)
*Pruvah 
*Rakiatu
*Raliatu
*Ramatu
*Rukoh
*Ruuba - Blessing/Thank You (Temne)
*Rugiatu
*Sabatu
*Sadanmei - (Limba)
*Sadira
*Safiatu
*Saffiatu
*Sallay
*Salamatu
*Salimatu
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sapunka - Unbearable (Limba)
*Sawie
*Seinya
*Selah
*Serah - Firstborn daughter (Limba)
*Seray
*Sia - Gift (Mande)
*Siabanda - Firstborn daughter
*Sianeh
*Simbiwa
*Simithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sinithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sira
*Tachekor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Tataigbon - “Untouchable” (Temne)
*Tatessa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Tenne - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tenneh - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tewoh - (Mende)
*Thachaikor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thatema - (Limba)
*Thathesa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Thathesar - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Theneleh
*Tilima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Titi - Girl (Krio)
*Umu - “Mother / ‘Ummu’” (Arabic)
*Unama
*Wuzairiatu
*Yabom
*Yabomporro
*Yabu
*Yaddah
*Yafeh - Peace (Temne)
*Yakasu - (Temne)
*Yakoiya - (Temne)
*Yalie - Advice (Limba)
*Yandora
*Yankain - (Limba)
*Yanbakie - (Temne)
*Yandi - Please (Limba)
*Yannoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yarimeh - (Limba)
*Yatta
*Yayo - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yayor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeabu
*Yeani - “Mothers” (Temne)
*Yeanoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeanor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yenor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yietoma
*Yoyonthor
*Zainab - “Fragrant flower” (Arabic)
*Zaria - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zariatu - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zairiatu - “To bloom / ‘zāra’” (Arabic)

==Boys' names==
*Abdul - “Servant (of)” (Arabic)
*Abdullah - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic)
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Abu - “Father (of)” (Arabic)
*Abubakar - “Father of a Young Camel / ‘Abu Bakr’” (Arabic)
*Abudu - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Aiah - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Alasan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Alhaji - “The Pilgrim / ‘Al-Hajj’” (Arabic)
*Ali - High / Exalted / Elevated (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Almamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alimamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alpha - “The Jurist / The Scholar / ‘Al-Fariq’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alusine - “The Handsome / ‘Al-Husayn’” (Arabic)
*Amadu - “The One Who Constantly Thanks God / Highly Commendable / ‘Ahmad’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Arun - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Aruna - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Arsheke - (Temne)
*Arshekeh - (Temne)
*Aya - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Babah
*Badara
*Bai - Chief/Strength (Temne)
*Bai-Bai - (Temne)
*Baika - (Mende)
*Baisharu - (Temne)
*Bakar - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Baksene - Patience (Temne)
*Bambara - Riverine Flooding, “One who has Force” (Limba)
*Banekore - (Temne)
*Bangali
*Bankolo - “Don’t try it” (Limba)
*Barikeh - “Thank You” (Temne)
*Barome - (Temne)
*Benkutay - “Have you seen” (Limba)
*Benya
*Beyasi - Security (Limba)
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bockarie
*Boimah
*Boineh - Happy (Temne)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Chernoh 
*Dauda - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Dausie - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ervel
*Fayia - Second-born boy (Kissi / Kono)
*Fallah
*Fatha
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Fino - Pretty (Temne)
*Finnoh - Pretty (Temne)
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Gbassay
*Gbemute - (Temne)
*Gassimu
*Hachim - “Born in temporary separation” (Temne)
*Hassan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Hassana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Ibra - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahim - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahima - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Idris - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Idrissa - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Ishmael
*Jami
*Juma - Friday-born
*Juldeh
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kafo - Afternoon-born child (Mende)
*Kai - Chief/Elder (Temne) - Man (Vai)
*Kaima
*Kaisamba
*Kaloko
*Kalom - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kalomp - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kambi
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Kapindi - Night-born child (Mende)
*Karamoh
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kassim - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic)
*Kassimu - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kaskami - “My Father” (Temne)
*Kaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Kehwalleh
*Kei
*Kelfa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kelefa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kemoh
*Kemokai - “Man from Kemo” (Vai/Malinka/Mande)
*Kemokoh
*Kenie
*Kewullay 
*Komba
*Komrabai - Chief/Elder (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koray
*Kowa
*Koyie
*Koyon - Rain (Limba)
*Kuruuba - Hero (Temne)
*Kuruugba - Hero (Temne)
*Kusan
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lamie - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mahai
*Mai
*Mahmadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makari
*Mamadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Mamudu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makoo
*Malakai - “My Messenger / My Angel / ‘Malaki’” (Hebrew)
*Maliki - “King / Sovereign / ‘Malik’” (Arabic) 
*Mayon - First born (Limba)
*Minkailu
*Mohamed - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momodu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Morlai
*Morlay
*Mourie
*Mukeh - “Our Father” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Muloma - “Harmony” (Mende)
*Muluku
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Mustapha - “The Chosen One / ‘Mustafa’” (Arabic)
*Nabie
*Najee
*Nbalie
*Ndawa
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Nomolie
*Obrahim - “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Okaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Olobi
*Osman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Ousman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Pilleh
*Saa - First-born son
*Saah - First-born son
*Sadiq - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sahr - First-born son
*Said - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic)
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Salfu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Salieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Sallieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Samba
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sana
*Sandima
*Santigie
*Sara
*Sarjoh
*Sarway
*Segepoh
*Sei
*Sembeh - Strength (Limba)
*Senesie
*Senie
*Sento
*Sesay
*Sheaka
*Shekhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheikhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Siafa
*Siaka
*Sidi - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiki - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiq - “Truthful One / Sincere” (Arabic)
*Sonsiama
*Soriba
*Sorie
*Sulay - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suley - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sulaiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleyman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sundiata - “Lion Prince” (Mande/Mandinka)
*Taiwo - “First Twin to Taste the World” (Yoruba)
*Takothor
*Tamarane - “Helper / Let Us Help” (Temne)
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarasid
*Taypineh - (Temne)
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thaimu - (Temne)
*Thamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Thasneh - “Too much” (Temne)
*Thegeka - “Mindful to their own” (Limba)
*Thoyenkeh - (Temne)
*Tokumboh
*Umar - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Umaru - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Unisa
*Usman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Wesseh
*Yahya
*Yakub - “One Who Follows / Supplanter” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yakuba - “One Who Follows / Supplanter / ‘Yakub’” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yamba

==Surnames==
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Allieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Amara
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Bah
*Bai - Chief / Strength (Temne)
*Baion
*Bakarr - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Balde
*Bangura
*Banorah
*Banya
*Barrie
*Bassie
*Bayoh
*Beah
*Bendu
*Bengeh
*Benya
*Bio
*Bockarie
*Boima
*Brewah
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bundu
*Carew
*Cocker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Coker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Conteh
*Daboh
*Dabundeh
*Dambeli
*Dambelly
*Daramy
*Dauda  - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Deen
*Dukureh
*Dumbuya
*Entochema
*Fasuluku
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Fofana
*Fofanah
*Foh
*Fomah
*Fomba
*Foray
*Funah
*Funna
*Gaba
*Ganda
*Gassama
*Gassimu
*Gbamanja
*Gbla
*Gblah
*Gbondo
*Gborie
*Gevao
*Gwary
*Jabati
*Jabbie
*Jadama
*Jah
*Jajua
*Jalloh
*Jammeh
*Janneh
*Jarsey
*Jawara
*Jaward - “Open-handed / Generous / ‘Jawad’” (Arabic)
*Jebbeh
*Jinkang
*Jobarteh
*Joko
*Jones - son of John (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Juana
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kabbah
*Kabia
*Kaikai
*Kailie
*Kaingbanja
*Kaisamba
*Kakay
*Kallay
*Kallon
*Kalokoh
*Kamanda
*Kamara - “Protecting Village / Home” (Soninke)
*Kanagborro
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanu
*Kanuteh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karew
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kargbo
*Karimu
*Katta
*Kawa
*Kebbie
*Keita
*Kellie
*Khia
*Koedoyoma
*Koita
*Koker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Kolleh
*Komba
*Komai
*Konateh
*Kondewa
*Konneh
*Kongobah
*Kongobay
*Konteh
*Konomanyi
*Koroma
*Kortu
*Kowa
*Kpaka
*Kurubally
*Kutubu
*Kuyateh
*Kuyembeh
*Lahai
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Lavalie - (Mende)
*Lebbie
*Lewally
*Lungay
*Lunsar - “Lion’s town” “Place of stones” (Temne - Town in the Northern Province)
*Luseni
*MacCarthy -  “son of Cárthach&quot; &quot;loving/beloved” (Irish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*MacFoy - “Son of the Potter” (Scottish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*Magona
*Makaya
*Maligie
*Mani - (Kono / Kissi)
*Manjang
*Manneh
*Mansaray
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Margai
*Marrah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Massally
*Massaquoi - “Chief / Ruler” (Vai)
*Mattia
*Matturie
*Mayeh
*Mbayo
*Minah
*Minteh
*Moinina
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Momokani
*Moriba
*Morong
*Moseray
*Munu
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Ngegba
*Ngobeh
*Nyuma
*Nyumah
*Panneh
*Pessima
*Quee
*Saccoh
*Saffa
*Saibureh
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Sall
*Sama
*Samah
*Samai
*Samba
*Sambo
*Samura
*Samurah
*Sankarah
*Sankareh
*Sankoh - “Strong” (Temne)
*Sannoh
*Sanu
*Sanyang
*Sawaneh
*Sawyerr - “One Who Saws Wood / Woodcutter” (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Seibureh
*Sekoh
*Sellu
*Senesie
*Sengeh
*Sengulay
*Sesay
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Sidibay
*Sidibeh
*Sidibey
*Sillah
*Sogbo
*Sonko
*Sorie
*Sourie
*Sow
*Sowa
*Suma
*Sumana
*Suso
*Swaray
*Swarray
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarawali
*Tarawalie
*Tarawallie
*Tarawally
*Taylor - Cutter of cloth / ‘Tailor’ (English / French) *common amongst the Krio
*Teambo
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Tengbeh
*Tholley
*Thoronka
*Timbo
*Tonkara
*Torto
*Tucker - Softener of cloth (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Tumoe
*Tunkara
*Turay
*Vandi
*Vandy
*Wariteh
*Williams - son of William (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Wongbo
*Woobay
*Wulladeh 
*Wurie
*Yakawa
*Yambasu
*Yansaneh
*Yansanneh
*Yiraia
*Yokie
*{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4cesn7mzf4fjoilrrt1vbdheb88dgwq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641916</id>
      <parentid>4641915</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T19:59:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Serayinterlude</username>
        <id>3571176</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Girls' names */</comment>
      <origin>4641916</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19219" sha1="5ovew47y17u6secrz1rze79mdcv1sjx" xml:space="preserve">==Usage note==
Some Sierra Leonean given names are based on birth order, context and gender. These are indicated here.

Sierra Leonean given names are sometimes borrowed from other local ethnic tribes, where one name can be rooted in one group, it may be commonly used within other overlapping groups. For example, ‘Tenneh’ means Monday in Limba, but the name is most commonly observed amongst Temne people too. It is also possible for the same name to have different meanings to different ethnic groups.

Some names listed may not be Sierra Leonean by origin, but used frequently within the country.

==Girls' names==
*Aba
*Abiba - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Abibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Adama - “Earth / Created from the Ground” (Hebrew)
*Adiatu - “God’s Adornment” (Hebrew)
*Aicha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aisha - “Alive / Thriving” (Arabic)
*Ajaratu - “Prosperous / Precious Stone / ‘Ajar’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alanki - “Given by God” (Limba)
*Alimatu
*Amara - “Grace” (Igbo)
*Amie - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic)
*Amida - “Praised / Commendable / ‘Ameeda’” (Arabic)
*Amina - “Protected / Devoted” (Arabic)
*Aminata - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ashike - Prosperity (Temne)
*Asuma
*Awa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Ayesha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aysha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Bahnnie - “Remorseful / Emphathetic” (Temne)
*Binta - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bintu - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Camu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Damoh - (Limba)
*Dawa
*Egbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Ejatu
*Emivia
*Eyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Fanta - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic - Mandinka Localised)
*Fatima - “One Who Abstains” (Arabic)
*Fatmata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fatumata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Finnoh - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finnor - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finda - Daughter born after second son, female third born 
*Fudia - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Fudiatu - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Gbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Gbentha - Brightness (Temne)
*Giloh -  &quot;Let this remain&quot; (Mende)
*Habiba - “Blessed / Loved One” (Arabic)
*Habibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hadijatu - “Early Born Child / ‘Khadijah’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Haja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous ” (Arabic)
*Hajah - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajaratu “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Halimatu
*Hassanatu - “Radiant Beauty / ‘Hasana’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Hawa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living” (Arabic)
*Hawanatu - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Hejawa - Abundance of Luck (Mende)
*Isata - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isatu - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Iya
*Iyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Iye
*Jebbeh
*Jebeh
*Jeneba - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jenneh - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jilo - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jiloh - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jita
*Kadie - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Khadijah - “Early Born Child” (Arabic)
*Khadijatu - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kainday
*Kamu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Kanyim - Born at night/dark (Temne)
*Kathy - Sunday-born (Limba)
*Kenia
*Kilikuroo - “God-depending” (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koniaka - (Mende)
*Kpatehnya - (Mende)
*Kumba - Second girl after twins
*Kutu
*Koiya - (Temne)
*Konya - (Mende)
*Lavina - Purity (Latin)
*Lavinia - Purity (Latin)
*Lileh - Peace (Mende)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mabaindu
*Mabendu
*Mabinty
*Mafo - Afternoon-born child (Mende)
*Magayai
*Magbindi - Night-born child (Mende)
*Magenda
*Mahunbey - “To Take Care / Look After” (Mende)
*Mariama - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mariatu - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mamie
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marie - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew)
*Maseray
*Massa
*Mbalu
*Mateneh - “Mother born on a Monday” (Limba)
*Memuna - “Fortunate / Lucky / ‘Maymuna’” (Arabic)
*Mentima - (Mende)
*Muboneh - “Happiness” (Temne)
*Mujeh - “Our Mother” (Mende)
*Mujeni - “Our Mothers” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Musu - “Beautiful Wife / Beautiful Woman” (Mande)
*Nadewa - (Limba)
*Namina - (Limba)
*Nasratha - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nasratu - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nayana - (Limba)
*Ndelei - “Peace / Blissful Heart” (Mende)
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Ndomayah - “Because of Love” (Mende)
*Nekami - “Self-Pitying” (Temne)
*Nemata
*Neneh
*Nepor - Courage (Mende)
*Nikami - Self-Pitying (Temne)
*Nouhou
*Nyahagbayie - “Woman of Might” (Mende)
*Nyahanina - (Mende)
*Nyaleimava - (Mende)
*Nyalima - (Mende)
*Nyanda - (Mende)
*Nyawa - (Mende)
*Nyawo - (Mende)
*Nyayah - (Mende)
*Nyima - Beautiful / Good (Mandinka/Mande)
*Okemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Okiya - Mine (Limba)
*Okiyan - Mine (Limba)
*Orkemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Othimo - Liked (Limba)
*Oyola - “The Rich One” (Temne)
*Posseh
*Preysok - “Morning-born child” (Temne)
*Pruvah 
*Rakiatu
*Raliatu
*Ramatu
*Rukoh
*Ruuba - Blessing/Thank You (Temne)
*Rugiatu
*Sabatu
*Sadanmei - (Limba)
*Sadira
*Safiatu
*Saffiatu
*Sallay
*Salamatu
*Salimatu
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sapunka - Unbearable (Limba)
*Sawie
*Seinya
*Selah
*Serah - Firstborn daughter (Limba)
*Seray
*Sia - Gift (Mande)
*Siabanda - Firstborn daughter
*Sianeh
*Simbiwa
*Simithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sinithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sira
*Tachekor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Tataigbon - “Untouchable” (Temne)
*Tatessa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Tenne - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tenneh - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tewoh - (Mende)
*Thachaikor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thatema - (Limba)
*Thathesa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Thathesar - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Theneleh
*Tilima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Titi - Girl (Krio)
*Umu - “Mother / ‘Ummu’” (Arabic)
*Unama
*Wuzairiatu
*Yabom
*Yabomporro
*Yabu
*Yaddah
*Yafeh - Peace (Temne)
*Yakasu - (Temne)
*Yakoiya - (Temne)
*Yalie - Advice (Limba)
*Yandora
*Yankain - (Limba)
*Yanbakie - (Temne)
*Yandi - Please (Limba)
*Yannoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yarimeh - (Limba)
*Yatta
*Yayo - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yayor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeabu
*Yeani - “Mothers” (Temne)
*Yeanoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeanor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yenor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yietoma
*Yoyonthor
*Zainab - “Fragrant flower” (Arabic)
*Zaria - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zariatu - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zairiatu - “To bloom / ‘zāra’” (Arabic)

==Boys' names==
*Abdul - “Servant (of)” (Arabic)
*Abdullah - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic)
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Abu - “Father (of)” (Arabic)
*Abubakar - “Father of a Young Camel / ‘Abu Bakr’” (Arabic)
*Abudu - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Aiah - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Alasan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Alhaji - “The Pilgrim / ‘Al-Hajj’” (Arabic)
*Ali - High / Exalted / Elevated (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Almamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alimamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alpha - “The Jurist / The Scholar / ‘Al-Fariq’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alusine - “The Handsome / ‘Al-Husayn’” (Arabic)
*Amadu - “The One Who Constantly Thanks God / Highly Commendable / ‘Ahmad’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Arun - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Aruna - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Arsheke - (Temne)
*Arshekeh - (Temne)
*Aya - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Babah
*Badara
*Bai - Chief/Strength (Temne)
*Bai-Bai - (Temne)
*Baika - (Mende)
*Baisharu - (Temne)
*Bakar - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Baksene - Patience (Temne)
*Bambara - Riverine Flooding, “One who has Force” (Limba)
*Banekore - (Temne)
*Bangali
*Bankolo - “Don’t try it” (Limba)
*Barikeh - “Thank You” (Temne)
*Barome - (Temne)
*Benkutay - “Have you seen” (Limba)
*Benya
*Beyasi - Security (Limba)
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bockarie
*Boimah
*Boineh - Happy (Temne)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Chernoh 
*Dauda - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Dausie - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ervel
*Fayia - Second-born boy (Kissi / Kono)
*Fallah
*Fatha
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Fino - Pretty (Temne)
*Finnoh - Pretty (Temne)
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Gbassay
*Gbemute - (Temne)
*Gassimu
*Hachim - “Born in temporary separation” (Temne)
*Hassan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Hassana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Ibra - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahim - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahima - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Idris - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Idrissa - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Ishmael
*Jami
*Juma - Friday-born
*Juldeh
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kafo - Afternoon-born child (Mende)
*Kai - Chief/Elder (Temne) - Man (Vai)
*Kaima
*Kaisamba
*Kaloko
*Kalom - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kalomp - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kambi
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Kapindi - Night-born child (Mende)
*Karamoh
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kassim - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic)
*Kassimu - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kaskami - “My Father” (Temne)
*Kaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Kehwalleh
*Kei
*Kelfa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kelefa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kemoh
*Kemokai - “Man from Kemo” (Vai/Malinka/Mande)
*Kemokoh
*Kenie
*Kewullay 
*Komba
*Komrabai - Chief/Elder (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koray
*Kowa
*Koyie
*Koyon - Rain (Limba)
*Kuruuba - Hero (Temne)
*Kuruugba - Hero (Temne)
*Kusan
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lamie - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mahai
*Mai
*Mahmadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makari
*Mamadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Mamudu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makoo
*Malakai - “My Messenger / My Angel / ‘Malaki’” (Hebrew)
*Maliki - “King / Sovereign / ‘Malik’” (Arabic) 
*Mayon - First born (Limba)
*Minkailu
*Mohamed - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momodu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Morlai
*Morlay
*Mourie
*Mukeh - “Our Father” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Muloma - “Harmony” (Mende)
*Muluku
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Mustapha - “The Chosen One / ‘Mustafa’” (Arabic)
*Nabie
*Najee
*Nbalie
*Ndawa
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Nomolie
*Obrahim - “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Okaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Olobi
*Osman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Ousman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Pilleh
*Saa - First-born son
*Saah - First-born son
*Sadiq - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sahr - First-born son
*Said - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic)
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Salfu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Salieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Sallieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Samba
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sana
*Sandima
*Santigie
*Sara
*Sarjoh
*Sarway
*Segepoh
*Sei
*Sembeh - Strength (Limba)
*Senesie
*Senie
*Sento
*Sesay
*Sheaka
*Shekhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheikhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Siafa
*Siaka
*Sidi - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiki - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiq - “Truthful One / Sincere” (Arabic)
*Sonsiama
*Soriba
*Sorie
*Sulay - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suley - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sulaiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleyman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sundiata - “Lion Prince” (Mande/Mandinka)
*Taiwo - “First Twin to Taste the World” (Yoruba)
*Takothor
*Tamarane - “Helper / Let Us Help” (Temne)
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarasid
*Taypineh - (Temne)
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thaimu - (Temne)
*Thamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Thasneh - “Too much” (Temne)
*Thegeka - “Mindful to their own” (Limba)
*Thoyenkeh - (Temne)
*Tokumboh
*Umar - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Umaru - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Unisa
*Usman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Wesseh
*Yahya
*Yakub - “One Who Follows / Supplanter” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yakuba - “One Who Follows / Supplanter / ‘Yakub’” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yamba

==Surnames==
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Allieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Amara
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Bah
*Bai - Chief / Strength (Temne)
*Baion
*Bakarr - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Balde
*Bangura
*Banorah
*Banya
*Barrie
*Bassie
*Bayoh
*Beah
*Bendu
*Bengeh
*Benya
*Bio
*Bockarie
*Boima
*Brewah
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bundu
*Carew
*Cocker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Coker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Conteh
*Daboh
*Dabundeh
*Dambeli
*Dambelly
*Daramy
*Dauda  - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Deen
*Dukureh
*Dumbuya
*Entochema
*Fasuluku
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Fofana
*Fofanah
*Foh
*Fomah
*Fomba
*Foray
*Funah
*Funna
*Gaba
*Ganda
*Gassama
*Gassimu
*Gbamanja
*Gbla
*Gblah
*Gbondo
*Gborie
*Gevao
*Gwary
*Jabati
*Jabbie
*Jadama
*Jah
*Jajua
*Jalloh
*Jammeh
*Janneh
*Jarsey
*Jawara
*Jaward - “Open-handed / Generous / ‘Jawad’” (Arabic)
*Jebbeh
*Jinkang
*Jobarteh
*Joko
*Jones - son of John (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Juana
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kabbah
*Kabia
*Kaikai
*Kailie
*Kaingbanja
*Kaisamba
*Kakay
*Kallay
*Kallon
*Kalokoh
*Kamanda
*Kamara - “Protecting Village / Home” (Soninke)
*Kanagborro
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanu
*Kanuteh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karew
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kargbo
*Karimu
*Katta
*Kawa
*Kebbie
*Keita
*Kellie
*Khia
*Koedoyoma
*Koita
*Koker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Kolleh
*Komba
*Komai
*Konateh
*Kondewa
*Konneh
*Kongobah
*Kongobay
*Konteh
*Konomanyi
*Koroma
*Kortu
*Kowa
*Kpaka
*Kurubally
*Kutubu
*Kuyateh
*Kuyembeh
*Lahai
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Lavalie - (Mende)
*Lebbie
*Lewally
*Lungay
*Lunsar - “Lion’s town” “Place of stones” (Temne - Town in the Northern Province)
*Luseni
*MacCarthy -  “son of Cárthach&quot; &quot;loving/beloved” (Irish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*MacFoy - “Son of the Potter” (Scottish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*Magona
*Makaya
*Maligie
*Mani - (Kono / Kissi)
*Manjang
*Manneh
*Mansaray
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Margai
*Marrah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Massally
*Massaquoi - “Chief / Ruler” (Vai)
*Mattia
*Matturie
*Mayeh
*Mbayo
*Minah
*Minteh
*Moinina
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Momokani
*Moriba
*Morong
*Moseray
*Munu
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Ngegba
*Ngobeh
*Nyuma
*Nyumah
*Panneh
*Pessima
*Quee
*Saccoh
*Saffa
*Saibureh
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Sall
*Sama
*Samah
*Samai
*Samba
*Sambo
*Samura
*Samurah
*Sankarah
*Sankareh
*Sankoh - “Strong” (Temne)
*Sannoh
*Sanu
*Sanyang
*Sawaneh
*Sawyerr - “One Who Saws Wood / Woodcutter” (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Seibureh
*Sekoh
*Sellu
*Senesie
*Sengeh
*Sengulay
*Sesay
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Sidibay
*Sidibeh
*Sidibey
*Sillah
*Sogbo
*Sonko
*Sorie
*Sourie
*Sow
*Sowa
*Suma
*Sumana
*Suso
*Swaray
*Swarray
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarawali
*Tarawalie
*Tarawallie
*Tarawally
*Taylor - Cutter of cloth / ‘Tailor’ (English / French) *common amongst the Krio
*Teambo
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Tengbeh
*Tholley
*Thoronka
*Timbo
*Tonkara
*Torto
*Tucker - Softener of cloth (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Tumoe
*Tunkara
*Turay
*Vandi
*Vandy
*Wariteh
*Williams - son of William (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Wongbo
*Woobay
*Wulladeh 
*Wurie
*Yakawa
*Yambasu
*Yansaneh
*Yansanneh
*Yiraia
*Yokie
*{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>5ovew47y17u6secrz1rze79mdcv1sjx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641923</id>
      <parentid>4641916</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T20:16:54Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Serayinterlude</username>
        <id>3571176</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Girls' names */</comment>
      <origin>4641923</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19368" sha1="27if45tnak2uj6upasgnvac6vonig5m" xml:space="preserve">==Usage note==
Some Sierra Leonean given names are based on birth order, context and gender. These are indicated here.

Sierra Leonean given names are sometimes borrowed from other local ethnic tribes, where one name can be rooted in one group, it may be commonly used within other overlapping groups. For example, ‘Tenneh’ means Monday in Limba, but the name is most commonly observed amongst Temne people too. It is also possible for the same name to have different meanings to different ethnic groups.

Some names listed may not be Sierra Leonean by origin, but used frequently within the country.

==Girls' names==
*Aba
*Abiba - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Abibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Adama - “Earth / Created from the Ground” (Hebrew)
*Adiatu - “God’s Adornment” (Hebrew)
*Aicha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aisha - “Alive / Thriving” (Arabic)
*Ajaratu - “Prosperous / Precious Stone / ‘Ajar’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alanki - “Given by God” (Limba)
*Alimatu
*Amara - “Grace” (Igbo)
*Amie - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic)
*Amida - “Praised / Commendable / ‘Ameeda’” (Arabic)
*Amina - “Protected / Devoted” (Arabic)
*Aminata - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ashike - Prosperity (Temne)
*Asuma
*Awa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Ayesha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aysha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Bahnnie - “Remorseful / Emphathetic” (Temne)
*Bentu - (Sherbro)
*Binta - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bintu - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Camu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Damoh - (Limba)
*Dawa
*Egbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Ejatu
*Emivia
*Eyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Fanta - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic - Mandinka Localised)
*Fatima - “One Who Abstains” (Arabic)
*Fatmata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fatumata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Finnoh - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finnor - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finda - Daughter born after second son, female third born 
*Fudia - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Fudiatu - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Gbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Gbentha - Brightness (Temne)
*Giloh -  &quot;Let this remain&quot; (Mende)
*Habiba - “Blessed / Loved One” (Arabic)
*Habibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hadijatu - “Early Born Child / ‘Khadijah’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Haja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous ” (Arabic)
*Hajah - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajaratu “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Halimatu
*Hassanatu - “Radiant Beauty / ‘Hasana’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Hawa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living” (Arabic)
*Hawanatu - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Hejawa - Abundance of Luck (Mende)
*Isata - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isatu - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Iya
*Iyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Iye
*Jebbeh
*Jebeh
*Jeneba - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jenneh - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jilo - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jiloh - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jita
*Kadie - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Khadijah - “Early Born Child” (Arabic)
*Khadijatu - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kainday
*Kamu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Kanyim - Born at night/dark (Temne)
*Kathy - Sunday-born (Limba)
*Kenia
*Kilikuroo - “God-depending” (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koniaka - (Mende)
*Kpatehnya - (Mende)
*Kumba - Second girl after twins
*Kutu
*Koiya - (Temne)
*Konya - (Mende)
*Lavina - Purity (Latin)
*Lavinia - Purity (Latin)
*Lileh - Peace (Mende)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mabaindu
*Mabendu
*Mabinty
*Mafo - Afternoon-born child (Mende)
*Magayai
*Magbindi - Night-born child (Mende)
*Magenda
*Mahunbey - “To Take Care / Look After” (Mende)
*Mariama - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mariatu - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mamie - Mother / Lady / Grandmother (Krio)
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marie - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew)
*Maseray
*Massa
*Mateneh - “Mother born on a Monday” (Limba)
*Mbalu
*Memuna - “Fortunate / Lucky / ‘Maymuna’” (Arabic)
*Mentima - (Mende)
*Muboneh - “Happiness” (Temne)
*Mujeh - “Our Mother” (Mende)
*Mujeni - “Our Mothers” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Musu - “Beautiful Wife / Beautiful Woman” (Mande)
*Nadewa - (Limba)
*Namina - (Limba)
*Nasratha - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nasratu - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nayana - (Limba)
*Ndelei - “Peace / Blissful Heart” (Mende)
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Ndomayah - “Because of Love” (Mende)
*Nekami - “Self-Pitying” (Temne)
*Nemata
*Neneh
*Nepor - Courage (Mende)
*Nikami - Self-Pitying (Temne)
*Nouhou
*Nyahagbayie - “Woman of Might” (Mende)
*Nyahanina - (Mende)
*Nyaleimava - (Mende)
*Nyalima - (Mende)
*Nyanda - (Mende)
*Nyawa - (Mende)
*Nyawo - (Mende)
*Nyayah - (Mende)
*Nyima - Beautiful / Good (Mandinka/Mande)
*Okemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Okiya - Mine (Limba)
*Okiyan - Mine (Limba)
*Orkemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Othimo - Liked (Limba)
*Oyola - “The Rich One” (Temne)
*Posseh
*Preysok - “Morning-born child” (Temne)
*Pruvah 
*Rakiatu
*Raliatu
*Ramatu
*Rukoh
*Ruuba - Blessing/Thank You (Temne)
*Rugiatu
*Sabatu
*Sadanmei - (Limba)
*Sadira
*Safiatu
*Saffiatu
*Sallay
*Salamatu
*Salimatu
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sapunka - Unbearable (Limba)
*Sawie
*Seinya
*Selah
*Serah - Firstborn daughter (Limba)
*Seray
*Sia - Gift (Mande)
*Siabanda - Firstborn daughter
*Sianeh
*Simbiwa
*Simithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sinithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sira
*Tachekor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Tataigbon - “Untouchable” (Temne)
*Tatessa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Tenne - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tenneh - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tewoh - (Mende)
*Thachaikor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thatema - (Limba)
*Thathesa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Thathesar - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Theneleh
*Tilima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Titi - Girl (Krio)
*Umu - “Mother / ‘Ummu’” (Arabic)
*Unama
*Wuzairiatu
*Yabom
*Yabomporro
*Yabu
*Yaddah
*Yafeh - Peace (Temne)
*Yakasu - (Temne)
*Yakoiya - (Temne)
*Yalie - Advice (Limba)
*Yandora
*Yankain - (Limba)
*Yanbakie - (Temne)
*Yandi - Please (Limba)
*Yannoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yarimeh - (Limba)
*Yatta
*Yayo - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yayor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeabu
*Yeani - “Mothers” (Temne)
*Yeanoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeanor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yenor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yietoma
*Yoyonthor
*Zainab - “Fragrant flower” (Arabic)
*Zaria - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zariatu - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zairiatu - “To bloom / ‘zāra’” (Arabic)

==Boys' names==
*Abdul - “Servant (of)” (Arabic)
*Abdullah - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic)
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Abu - “Father (of)” (Arabic)
*Abubakar - “Father of a Young Camel / ‘Abu Bakr’” (Arabic)
*Abudu - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Aiah - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Alasan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Alhaji - “The Pilgrim / ‘Al-Hajj’” (Arabic)
*Ali - High / Exalted / Elevated (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Almamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alimamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alpha - “The Jurist / The Scholar / ‘Al-Fariq’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alusine - “The Handsome / ‘Al-Husayn’” (Arabic)
*Amadu - “The One Who Constantly Thanks God / Highly Commendable / ‘Ahmad’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Arun - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Aruna - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Arsheke - (Temne)
*Arshekeh - (Temne)
*Aya - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Babah
*Badara
*Bai - Chief/Strength (Temne)
*Bai-Bai - (Temne)
*Baika - (Mende)
*Baisharu - (Temne)
*Bakar - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Baksene - Patience (Temne)
*Balaka - (Sherbro)
*Bambara - Riverine Flooding, “One who has Force” (Limba)
*Banekore - (Temne)
*Bangali
*Bankolo - “Don’t try it” (Limba)
*Barikeh - “Thank You” (Temne)
*Barome - (Temne)
*Benkutay - “Have you seen” (Limba)
*Benya
*Beyasi - Security (Limba)
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bockarie
*Boimah
*Boineh - Happy (Temne)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Chernoh 
*Dauda - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Dausie - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ervel
*Fayia - Second-born boy (Kissi / Kono)
*Fallah
*Fatha
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Fino - Pretty (Temne)
*Finnoh - Pretty (Temne)
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Gbassay
*Gbemute - (Temne)
*Gassimu
*Hachim - “Born in temporary separation” (Temne)
*Hassan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Hassana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Ibra - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahim - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahima - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Idris - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Idrissa - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Ishmael
*Jami
*Juma - Friday-born
*Juldeh
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kafo - Afternoon-born child (Mende)
*Kai - Chief/Elder (Temne) - Man (Vai)
*Kaima
*Kaisamba
*Kaloko
*Kalom - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kalomp - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kambi
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Kapindi - Night-born child (Mende)
*Karamoh
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kassim - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic)
*Kassimu - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kaskami - “My Father” (Temne)
*Kaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Kehwalleh
*Kei
*Kelfa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kelefa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kemoh
*Kemokai - “Man from Kemo” (Vai/Malinka/Mande)
*Kemokoh
*Kenie
*Kewullay 
*Komba
*Komrabai - Chief/Elder (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koray
*Kowa
*Koyie
*Koyon - Rain (Limba)
*Kpana - Chief (Sherbro)
*Kuruuba - Hero (Temne)
*Kuruugba - Hero (Temne)
*Kusan
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lamie - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mahai
*Mai
*Mahmadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makari
*Mamadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Mamudu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makoo
*Malakai - “My Messenger / My Angel / ‘Malaki’” (Hebrew)
*Maliki - “King / Sovereign / ‘Malik’” (Arabic) 
*Mayon - First born (Limba)
*Minkailu
*Mohamed - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momodu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Morlai
*Morlay
*Mourie
*Mukeh - “Our Father” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Muloma - “Harmony” (Mende)
*Muluku
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Mustapha - “The Chosen One / ‘Mustafa’” (Arabic)
*Nabie
*Najee
*Nbalie
*Ndawa
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Nomolie - Stone Chief Figure Sculpture (Sherbro/Bullom)
*Obrahim - “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Okaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Olobi
*Osman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Ousman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Pilleh
*Saa - First-born son
*Saah - First-born son
*Sadiq - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sahr - First-born son
*Said - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic)
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Salfu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Salieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Sallieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Samba
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sana
*Sandima
*Santigie
*Sara
*Sarjoh
*Sarway
*Segepoh
*Sei
*Sembeh - Strength (Limba)
*Senesie
*Senie
*Sento
*Sesay
*Sheaka
*Shekhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheikhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Siafa
*Siaka
*Sidi - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiki - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiq - “Truthful One / Sincere” (Arabic)
*Sonsiama
*Soriba
*Sorie
*Sulay - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suley - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sulaiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleyman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sundiata - “Lion Prince” (Mande/Mandinka)
*Taiwo - “First Twin to Taste the World” (Yoruba)
*Takothor
*Tamarane - “Helper / Let Us Help” (Temne)
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarasid
*Taypineh - (Temne)
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thaimu - (Temne)
*Thamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Thasneh - “Too much” (Temne)
*Thegeka - “Mindful to their own” (Limba)
*Thoyenkeh - (Temne)
*Tokumboh
*Umar - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Umaru - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Unisa
*Usman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Wesseh
*Yahya
*Yakub - “One Who Follows / Supplanter” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yakuba - “One Who Follows / Supplanter / ‘Yakub’” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yamba

==Surnames==
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Allieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Amara
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Bah
*Bai - Chief / Strength (Temne)
*Baion
*Bakarr - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Balde
*Bangura
*Banorah
*Banya
*Barrie
*Bassie
*Bayoh
*Beah
*Bendu
*Bengeh
*Benya
*Bio
*Bockarie
*Boima
*Brewah
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bundu
*Carew
*Cocker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Coker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Conteh
*Daboh
*Dabundeh
*Dambeli
*Dambelly
*Daramy
*Dauda  - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Deen
*Dukureh
*Dumbuya
*Entochema
*Fasuluku
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Fofana
*Fofanah
*Foh
*Fomah
*Fomba
*Foray
*Funah
*Funna
*Gaba
*Ganda
*Gassama
*Gassimu
*Gbamanja
*Gbla
*Gblah
*Gbondo
*Gborie
*Gevao
*Gwary
*Jabati
*Jabbie
*Jadama
*Jah
*Jajua
*Jalloh
*Jammeh
*Janneh
*Jarsey
*Jawara
*Jaward - “Open-handed / Generous / ‘Jawad’” (Arabic)
*Jebbeh
*Jinkang
*Jobarteh
*Joko
*Jones - son of John (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Juana
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kabbah
*Kabia
*Kaikai
*Kailie
*Kaingbanja
*Kaisamba
*Kakay
*Kallay
*Kallon
*Kalokoh
*Kamanda
*Kamara - “Protecting Village / Home” (Soninke)
*Kanagborro
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanu
*Kanuteh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karew
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kargbo
*Karimu
*Katta
*Kawa
*Kebbie
*Keita
*Kellie
*Khia
*Koedoyoma
*Koita
*Koker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Kolleh
*Komba
*Komai
*Konateh
*Kondewa
*Konneh
*Kongobah
*Kongobay
*Konteh
*Konomanyi
*Koroma
*Kortu
*Kowa
*Kpaka
*Kurubally
*Kutubu
*Kuyateh
*Kuyembeh
*Lahai
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Lavalie - (Mende)
*Lebbie
*Lewally
*Lungay
*Lunsar - “Lion’s town” “Place of stones” (Temne - Town in the Northern Province)
*Luseni
*MacCarthy -  “son of Cárthach&quot; &quot;loving/beloved” (Irish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*MacFoy - “Son of the Potter” (Scottish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*Magona
*Makaya
*Maligie
*Mani - (Kono / Kissi)
*Manjang
*Manneh
*Mansaray
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Margai
*Marrah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Massally
*Massaquoi - “Chief / Ruler” (Vai)
*Mattia
*Matturie
*Mayeh
*Mbayo
*Minah
*Minteh
*Moinina
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Momokani
*Moriba
*Morong
*Moseray
*Munu
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Ngegba
*Ngobeh
*Nyuma
*Nyumah
*Panneh
*Pessima
*Quee
*Saccoh
*Saffa
*Saibureh
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Sall
*Sama
*Samah
*Samai
*Samba
*Sambo
*Samura
*Samurah
*Sankarah
*Sankareh
*Sankoh - “Strong” (Temne)
*Sannoh
*Sanu
*Sanyang
*Sawaneh
*Sawyerr - “One Who Saws Wood / Woodcutter” (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Seibureh
*Sekoh
*Sellu
*Senesie
*Sengeh
*Sengulay
*Sesay
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Sidibay
*Sidibeh
*Sidibey
*Sillah
*Sogbo
*Sonko
*Sorie
*Sourie
*Sow
*Sowa
*Suma
*Sumana
*Suso
*Swaray
*Swarray
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarawali
*Tarawalie
*Tarawallie
*Tarawally
*Taylor - Cutter of cloth / ‘Tailor’ (English / French) *common amongst the Krio
*Teambo
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Tengbeh
*Tholley
*Thoronka
*Timbo
*Tonkara
*Torto
*Tucker - Softener of cloth (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Tumoe
*Tunkara
*Turay
*Vandi
*Vandy
*Wariteh
*Williams - son of William (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Wongbo
*Woobay
*Wulladeh 
*Wurie
*Yakawa
*Yambasu
*Yansaneh
*Yansanneh
*Yiraia
*Yokie
*{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>27if45tnak2uj6upasgnvac6vonig5m</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641928</id>
      <parentid>4641923</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T21:43:41Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Serayinterlude</username>
        <id>3571176</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Girls' names */</comment>
      <origin>4641928</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="19491" sha1="ti96joii6usu2bpku0wo82dcx9kt7a0" xml:space="preserve">==Usage note==
Some Sierra Leonean given names are based on birth order, context and gender. These are indicated here.

Sierra Leonean given names are sometimes borrowed from other local ethnic tribes, where one name can be rooted in one group, it may be commonly used within other overlapping groups. For example, ‘Tenneh’ means Monday in Limba, but the name is most commonly observed amongst Temne people too. It is also possible for the same name to have different meanings to different ethnic groups.

Some names listed may not be Sierra Leonean by origin, but used frequently within the country.

==Girls' names==
*Aba
*Abiba - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Abibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Adama - “Earth / Created from the Ground” (Hebrew)
*Adiatu - “God’s Adornment” (Hebrew)
*Aicha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aisha - “Alive / Thriving” (Arabic)
*Ajaratu - “Prosperous / Precious Stone / ‘Ajar’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alanki - “Given by God” (Limba)
*Alimatu
*Amara - “Grace” (Igbo)
*Amie - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic)
*Amida - “Praised / Commendable / ‘Ameeda’” (Arabic)
*Amina - “Protected / Devoted” (Arabic)
*Aminata - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ashike - Prosperity (Temne)
*Asuma
*Awa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Ayesha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aysha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Bahnnie - “Remorseful / Emphathetic” (Temne)
*Bentu - (Sherbro)
*Binta - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bintu - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Camu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Damoh - (Limba)
*Dawa
*Egbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Ejatu
*Emivia
*Eyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Fanta - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic - Mandinka Localised)
*Fatima - “One Who Abstains” (Arabic)
*Fatmata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fatumata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Finnoh - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finnor - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finda - Daughter born after second son, female third born 
*Fudia - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Fudiatu - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Gbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Gbentha - Brightness (Temne)
*Giloh -  &quot;Let this remain&quot; (Mende)
*Habiba - “Blessed / Loved One” (Arabic)
*Habibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hadijatu - “Early Born Child / ‘Khadijah’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Haja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous ” (Arabic)
*Hajah - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajaratu “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Halimatu - Gentle / Patient / ‘Halima’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hassanatu - “Radiant Beauty / ‘Hasana’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Hawa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living” (Arabic) Eve (Biblical)
*Hawanatu - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic - West African Localised) Eve (Biblical)
*Hejawa - Abundance of Luck (Mende)
*Isata - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isatu - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Iya
*Iyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Iye
*Jebbeh
*Jebeh
*Jeneba - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jenneh - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jilo - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jiloh - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jita
*Kadie - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Khadijah - “Early Born Child” (Arabic)
*Khadijatu - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kainday
*Kamu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Kanyim - Born at night/dark (Temne)
*Kathy - Sunday-born (Limba)
*Kenia
*Kilikuroo - “God-depending” (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koniaka - (Mende)
*Kpatehnya - (Mende)
*Kumba - Second girl after twins
*Kutu
*Koiya - (Temne)
*Konya - (Mende)
*Lavina - Purity (Latin)
*Lavinia - Purity (Latin)
*Lileh - Peace (Mende)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mabaindu
*Mabendu
*Mabinty
*Mafo - Afternoon-born child (Mende)
*Magayai
*Magbindi - Night-born child (Mende)
*Magenda
*Mahunbey - “To Take Care / Look After” (Mende)
*Mariama - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mariatu - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mamie - Mother / Lady / Grandmother (Krio)
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marie - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew)
*Maseray
*Massa
*Mateneh - “Mother born on a Monday” (Limba)
*Mbalu
*Memuna - “Fortunate / Lucky / ‘Maymuna’” (Arabic)
*Mentima - (Mende)
*Muboneh - “Happiness” (Temne)
*Mujeh - “Our Mother” (Mende)
*Mujeni - “Our Mothers” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Musu - “Beautiful Wife / Beautiful Woman” (Mande)
*Nadewa - (Limba)
*Namina - (Limba)
*Nasratha - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nasratu - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nayana - (Limba)
*Ndelei - “Peace / Blissful Heart” (Mende)
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Ndomayah - “Because of Love” (Mende)
*Nekami - “Self-Pitying” (Temne)
*Nemata
*Neneh
*Nepor - Courage (Mende)
*Nikami - Self-Pitying (Temne)
*Nouhou
*Nyahagbayie - “Woman of Might” (Mende)
*Nyahanina - (Mende)
*Nyaleimava - (Mende)
*Nyalima - (Mende)
*Nyanda - (Mende)
*Nyawa - (Mende)
*Nyawo - (Mende)
*Nyayah - (Mende)
*Nyima - Beautiful / Good (Mandinka/Mande)
*Okemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Okiya - Mine (Limba)
*Okiyan - Mine (Limba)
*Orkemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Othimo - Liked (Limba)
*Oyola - “The Rich One” (Temne)
*Posseh
*Preysok - “Morning-born child” (Temne)
*Pruvah 
*Rakiatu
*Raliatu
*Ramatu
*Rukoh
*Ruuba - Blessing/Thank You (Temne)
*Rugiatu
*Sabatu
*Sadanmei - (Limba)
*Sadira
*Safiatu
*Saffiatu
*Sallay
*Salamatu
*Salimatu
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sapunka - Unbearable (Limba)
*Sawie
*Seinya
*Selah
*Serah - Firstborn daughter (Limba)
*Seray
*Sia - Gift (Mande)
*Siabanda - Firstborn daughter
*Sianeh
*Simbiwa
*Simithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sinithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sira
*Tachekor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Tataigbon - “Untouchable” (Temne)
*Tatessa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Tenne - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tenneh - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tewoh - (Mende)
*Thachaikor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thatema - (Limba)
*Thathesa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Thathesar - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Theneleh
*Tilima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Titi - Girl (Krio)
*Umu - “Mother / ‘Ummu’” (Arabic)
*Unama
*Wuzairiatu
*Yabom
*Yabomporro
*Yabu
*Yaddah
*Yafeh - Peace (Temne)
*Yakasu - (Temne)
*Yakoiya - (Temne)
*Yalie - Advice (Limba)
*Yandora
*Yankain - (Limba)
*Yanbakie - (Temne)
*Yandi - Please (Limba)
*Yannoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yarimeh - (Limba)
*Yatta
*Yayo - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yayor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeabu
*Yeani - “Mothers” (Temne)
*Yeanoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeanor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yenor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yietoma
*Yoyonthor
*Zainab - “Fragrant flower” (Arabic)
*Zaria - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zariatu - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zairiatu - “To bloom / ‘zāra’” (Arabic)

==Boys' names==
*Abdul - “Servant (of)” (Arabic)
*Abdullah - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic)
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Abu - “Father (of)” (Arabic)
*Abubakar - “Father of a Young Camel / ‘Abu Bakr’” (Arabic)
*Abudu - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Aiah - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Alasan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Alhaji - “The Pilgrim / ‘Al-Hajj’” (Arabic)
*Ali - High / Exalted / Elevated (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Almamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alimamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alpha - “The Jurist / The Scholar / ‘Al-Fariq’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alusine - “The Handsome / ‘Al-Husayn’” (Arabic)
*Amadu - “The One Who Constantly Thanks God / Highly Commendable / ‘Ahmad’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Arun - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Aruna - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Arsheke - (Temne)
*Arshekeh - (Temne)
*Aya - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Babah
*Badara
*Bai - Chief/Strength (Temne)
*Bai-Bai - (Temne)
*Baika - (Mende)
*Baisharu - (Temne)
*Bakar - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Baksene - Patience (Temne)
*Balaka - (Sherbro)
*Bambara - Riverine Flooding, “One who has Force” (Limba)
*Banekore - (Temne)
*Bangali
*Bankolo - “Don’t try it” (Limba)
*Barikeh - “Thank You” (Temne)
*Barome - (Temne)
*Benkutay - “Have you seen” (Limba)
*Benya
*Beyasi - Security (Limba)
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bockarie
*Boimah
*Boineh - Happy (Temne)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Chernoh 
*Dauda - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Dausie - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ervel
*Fayia - Second-born boy (Kissi / Kono)
*Fallah
*Fatha
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Fino - Pretty (Temne)
*Finnoh - Pretty (Temne)
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Gbassay
*Gbemute - (Temne)
*Gassimu
*Hachim - “Born in temporary separation” (Temne)
*Hassan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Hassana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Ibra - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahim - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahima - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Idris - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Idrissa - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Ishmael
*Jami
*Juma - Friday-born
*Juldeh
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kafo - Afternoon-born child (Mende)
*Kai - Chief/Elder (Temne) - Man (Vai)
*Kaima
*Kaisamba
*Kaloko
*Kalom - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kalomp - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kambi
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Kapindi - Night-born child (Mende)
*Karamoh
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kassim - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic)
*Kassimu - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kaskami - “My Father” (Temne)
*Kaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Kehwalleh
*Kei
*Kelfa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kelefa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kemoh
*Kemokai - “Man from Kemo” (Vai/Malinka/Mande)
*Kemokoh
*Kenie
*Kewullay 
*Komba
*Komrabai - Chief/Elder (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koray
*Kowa
*Koyie
*Koyon - Rain (Limba)
*Kpana - Chief (Sherbro)
*Kuruuba - Hero (Temne)
*Kuruugba - Hero (Temne)
*Kusan
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lamie - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mahai
*Mai
*Mahmadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makari
*Mamadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Mamudu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makoo
*Malakai - “My Messenger / My Angel / ‘Malaki’” (Hebrew)
*Maliki - “King / Sovereign / ‘Malik’” (Arabic) 
*Mayon - First born (Limba)
*Minkailu
*Mohamed - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momodu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Morlai
*Morlay
*Mourie
*Mukeh - “Our Father” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Muloma - “Harmony” (Mende)
*Muluku
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Mustapha - “The Chosen One / ‘Mustafa’” (Arabic)
*Nabie
*Najee
*Nbalie
*Ndawa
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Nomolie - Stone Chief Figure Sculpture (Sherbro/Bullom)
*Obrahim - “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Okaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Olobi
*Osman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Ousman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Pilleh
*Saa - First-born son
*Saah - First-born son
*Sadiq - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sahr - First-born son
*Said - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic)
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Salfu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Salieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Sallieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Samba
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sana
*Sandima
*Santigie
*Sara
*Sarjoh
*Sarway
*Segepoh
*Sei
*Sembeh - Strength (Limba)
*Senesie
*Senie
*Sento
*Sesay
*Sheaka
*Shekhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheikhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Siafa
*Siaka
*Sidi - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiki - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiq - “Truthful One / Sincere” (Arabic)
*Sonsiama
*Soriba
*Sorie
*Sulay - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suley - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sulaiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleyman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sundiata - “Lion Prince” (Mande/Mandinka)
*Taiwo - “First Twin to Taste the World” (Yoruba)
*Takothor
*Tamarane - “Helper / Let Us Help” (Temne)
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarasid
*Taypineh - (Temne)
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thaimu - (Temne)
*Thamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Thasneh - “Too much” (Temne)
*Thegeka - “Mindful to their own” (Limba)
*Thoyenkeh - (Temne)
*Tokumboh
*Umar - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Umaru - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Unisa
*Usman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Wesseh
*Yahya
*Yakub - “One Who Follows / Supplanter” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yakuba - “One Who Follows / Supplanter / ‘Yakub’” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yamba

==Surnames==
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Allieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Amara
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Bah
*Bai - Chief / Strength (Temne)
*Baion
*Bakarr - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Balde
*Bangura
*Banorah
*Banya
*Barrie
*Bassie
*Bayoh
*Beah
*Bendu
*Bengeh
*Benya
*Bio
*Bockarie
*Boima
*Brewah
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bundu
*Carew
*Cocker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Coker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Conteh
*Daboh
*Dabundeh
*Dambeli
*Dambelly
*Daramy
*Dauda  - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Deen
*Dukureh
*Dumbuya
*Entochema
*Fasuluku
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Fofana
*Fofanah
*Foh
*Fomah
*Fomba
*Foray
*Funah
*Funna
*Gaba
*Ganda
*Gassama
*Gassimu
*Gbamanja
*Gbla
*Gblah
*Gbondo
*Gborie
*Gevao
*Gwary
*Jabati
*Jabbie
*Jadama
*Jah
*Jajua
*Jalloh
*Jammeh
*Janneh
*Jarsey
*Jawara
*Jaward - “Open-handed / Generous / ‘Jawad’” (Arabic)
*Jebbeh
*Jinkang
*Jobarteh
*Joko
*Jones - son of John (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Juana
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kabbah
*Kabia
*Kaikai
*Kailie
*Kaingbanja
*Kaisamba
*Kakay
*Kallay
*Kallon
*Kalokoh
*Kamanda
*Kamara - “Protecting Village / Home” (Soninke)
*Kanagborro
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanu
*Kanuteh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karew
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kargbo
*Karimu
*Katta
*Kawa
*Kebbie
*Keita
*Kellie
*Khia
*Koedoyoma
*Koita
*Koker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Kolleh
*Komba
*Komai
*Konateh
*Kondewa
*Konneh
*Kongobah
*Kongobay
*Konteh
*Konomanyi
*Koroma
*Kortu
*Kowa
*Kpaka
*Kurubally
*Kutubu
*Kuyateh
*Kuyembeh
*Lahai
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Lavalie - (Mende)
*Lebbie
*Lewally
*Lungay
*Lunsar - “Lion’s town” “Place of stones” (Temne - Town in the Northern Province)
*Luseni
*MacCarthy -  “son of Cárthach&quot; &quot;loving/beloved” (Irish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*MacFoy - “Son of the Potter” (Scottish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*Magona
*Makaya
*Maligie
*Mani - (Kono / Kissi)
*Manjang
*Manneh
*Mansaray
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Margai
*Marrah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Massally
*Massaquoi - “Chief / Ruler” (Vai)
*Mattia
*Matturie
*Mayeh
*Mbayo
*Minah
*Minteh
*Moinina
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Momokani
*Moriba
*Morong
*Moseray
*Munu
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Ngegba
*Ngobeh
*Nyuma
*Nyumah
*Panneh
*Pessima
*Quee
*Saccoh
*Saffa
*Saibureh
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Sall
*Sama
*Samah
*Samai
*Samba
*Sambo
*Samura
*Samurah
*Sankarah
*Sankareh
*Sankoh - “Strong” (Temne)
*Sannoh
*Sanu
*Sanyang
*Sawaneh
*Sawyerr - “One Who Saws Wood / Woodcutter” (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Seibureh
*Sekoh
*Sellu
*Senesie
*Sengeh
*Sengulay
*Sesay
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Sidibay
*Sidibeh
*Sidibey
*Sillah
*Sogbo
*Sonko
*Sorie
*Sourie
*Sow
*Sowa
*Suma
*Sumana
*Suso
*Swaray
*Swarray
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarawali
*Tarawalie
*Tarawallie
*Tarawally
*Taylor - Cutter of cloth / ‘Tailor’ (English / French) *common amongst the Krio
*Teambo
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Tengbeh
*Tholley
*Thoronka
*Timbo
*Tonkara
*Torto
*Tucker - Softener of cloth (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Tumoe
*Tunkara
*Turay
*Vandi
*Vandy
*Wariteh
*Williams - son of William (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Wongbo
*Woobay
*Wulladeh 
*Wurie
*Yakawa
*Yambasu
*Yansaneh
*Yansanneh
*Yiraia
*Yokie
*{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ti96joii6usu2bpku0wo82dcx9kt7a0</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641929</id>
      <parentid>4641928</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T22:02:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Serayinterlude</username>
        <id>3571176</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* Girls' names */</comment>
      <origin>4641929</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20018" sha1="pwtjzfacudiuq5qwtv2o2lolv6ee0zs" xml:space="preserve">==Usage note==
Some Sierra Leonean given names are based on birth order, context and gender. These are indicated here.

Sierra Leonean given names are sometimes borrowed from other local ethnic tribes, where one name can be rooted in one group, it may be commonly used within other overlapping groups. For example, ‘Tenneh’ means Monday in Limba, but the name is most commonly observed amongst Temne people too. It is also possible for the same name to have different meanings to different ethnic groups.

Some names listed may not be Sierra Leonean by origin, but used frequently within the country.

==Girls' names==
*Aba
*Abiba - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Abibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Adama - “Earth / Created from the Ground” (Hebrew)
*Adiatu - “God’s Adornment” (Hebrew)
*Aicha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aisha - “Alive / Thriving” (Arabic)
*Ajaratu - “Prosperous / Precious Stone / ‘Ajar’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alanki - “Given by God” (Limba)
*Alimatu - Gentle / Patient / ‘Halima’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Amara - “Grace” (Igbo)
*Amie - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic)
*Amida - “Praised / Commendable / ‘Ameeda’” (Arabic)
*Amina - “Protected / Devoted” (Arabic)
*Aminata - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ashike - Prosperity (Temne)
*Asuma
*Awa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Ayesha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aysha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Bahnnie - “Remorseful / Emphathetic” (Temne)
*Bentu - (Sherbro/Bullom)
*Binta - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bintu - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Camu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Damoh - (Limba)
*Dawa
*Egbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Ejatu
*Emivia
*Eyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Fanta - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic - Mandinka Localised)
*Fatima - “One Who Abstains” (Arabic)
*Fatmata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fatumata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Finnoh - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finnor - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finda - Daughter born after second son, female third born 
*Fudia - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Fudiatu - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Gbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Gbentha - Brightness (Temne)
*Giloh -  &quot;Let this remain&quot; (Mende)
*Habiba - “Blessed / Loved One” (Arabic)
*Habibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hadijatu - “Early Born Child / ‘Khadijah’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Haja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous ” (Arabic)
*Hajah - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajaratu “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Halimatu - Gentle / Patient / ‘Halima’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hassanatu - “Radiant Beauty / ‘Hasana’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Hawa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living” (Arabic) Eve (Biblical)
*Hawanatu - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic - West African Localised) Eve (Biblical)
*Hejawa - Abundance of Luck (Mende)
*Isata - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isatu - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Iya
*Iyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Iye
*Jebbeh
*Jebeh
*Jeneba - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jenneh - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jilo - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jiloh - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jita
*Kadie - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Khadijah - “Early Born Child” (Arabic)
*Khadijatu - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kainday
*Kamu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Kanyim - Born at night/dark (Temne)
*Kathy - Sunday-born (Limba)
*Kenia
*Kilikuroo - “God-depending” (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koniaka - (Mende)
*Kpatehnya - (Mende)
*Kumba - Second girl after twins
*Kutu
*Koiya - (Temne)
*Konya - (Mende)
*Lavina - Purity (Latin)
*Lavinia - Purity (Latin)
*Lileh - Peace (Mende)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mabaindu
*Mabendu
*Mabinty
*Mafo - Afternoon-born child (Mende)
*Magayai
*Magbindi - Night-born child (Mende)
*Magenda
*Mahunbey - “To Take Care / Look After” (Mende)
*Mariama - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mariatu - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mamie - Mother / Lady / Grandmother (Krio)
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marie - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew)
*Maseray
*Massa
*Mateneh - “Mother born on a Monday” (Limba)
*Mbalu
*Memuna - “Fortunate / Lucky / ‘Maymuna’” (Arabic)
*Mentima - (Mende)
*Muboneh - “Happiness” (Temne)
*Mujeh - “Our Mother” (Mende)
*Mujeni - “Our Mothers” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Musu - “Beautiful Wife / Beautiful Woman” (Mande)
*Nadewa - (Limba)
*Namina - (Limba)
*Nasratha - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nasratu - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nayana - (Limba)
*Ndelei - “Peace / Blissful Heart” (Mende)
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Ndomayah - “Because of Love” (Mende)
*Nekami - “Self-Pitying” (Temne)
*Nemata
*Neneh
*Nepor - Courage (Mende)
*Nikami - Self-Pitying (Temne)
*Nouhou
*Nyahagbayie - “Woman of Might” (Mende)
*Nyahanina - (Mende)
*Nyaleimava - (Mende)
*Nyalima - (Mende)
*Nyanda - (Mende)
*Nyawa - (Mende)
*Nyawo - (Mende)
*Nyayah - (Mende)
*Nyima - Beautiful / Good (Mandinka/Mande)
*Okemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Okiya - Mine (Limba)
*Okiyan - Mine (Limba)
*Orkemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Othimo - Liked (Limba)
*Oyola - “The Rich One” (Temne)
*Posseh
*Preysok - “Morning-born child” (Temne)
*Pruvah 
*Rakiatu
*Raliatu
*Ramatu
*Rukoh
*Ruuba - Blessing/Thank You (Temne)
*Rugiatu
*Sabatu
*Sadanmei - (Limba)
*Sadira
*Safiatu
*Saffiatu
*Sallay
*Salamatu
*Salimatu
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sapunka - Unbearable (Limba)
*Sawie
*Seinya
*Selah
*Serah - Firstborn daughter (Limba)
*Seray
*Sia - Gift (Mande)
*Siabanda - Firstborn daughter
*Sianeh
*Simbiwa
*Simithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sinithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sira
*Tachekor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Tataigbon - “Untouchable” (Temne)
*Tatessa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Tenne - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tenneh - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tewoh - (Mende)
*Thachaikor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thatema - (Limba)
*Thathesa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Thathesar - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Theneleh
*Tilima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Titi - Girl (Krio)
*Umu - “Mother / ‘Ummu’” (Arabic)
*Unama
*Wuzairiatu
*Yabom
*Yabomporro
*Yabu
*Yaddah
*Yafeh - Peace (Temne)
*Yakasu - (Temne)
*Yakoiya - (Temne)
*Yalie - Advice (Limba)
*Yandora
*Yankain - (Limba)
*Yanbakie - (Temne)
*Yandi - Please (Limba)
*Yannoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yarimeh - (Limba)
*Yatta
*Yayo - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yayor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeabu
*Yeani - “Mothers” (Temne)
*Yeanoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeanor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yenor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yietoma
*Yoyonthor
*Zainab - “Fragrant flower” (Arabic)
*Zaria - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zariatu - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zairiatu - “To bloom / ‘zāra’” (Arabic)

==Boys' names==
*Abdul - “Servant (of)” (Arabic)
*Abdullah - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic)
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Abu - “Father (of)” (Arabic)
*Abubakar - “Father of a Young Camel / ‘Abu Bakr’” (Arabic)
*Abudu - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Aiah - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Alasan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Alhaji - “The Pilgrim / ‘Al-Hajj’” (Arabic)
*Ali - High / Exalted / Elevated (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Almamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alimamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alpha - “The Jurist / The Scholar / ‘Al-Fariq’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alusine - “The Handsome / ‘Al-Husayn’” (Arabic)
*Amadu - “The One Who Constantly Thanks God / Highly Commendable / ‘Ahmad’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Arun - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Aruna - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Arsheke - (Temne)
*Arshekeh - (Temne)
*Aya - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Babah
*Badara
*Bai - Chief/Strength (Temne)
*Bai-Bai - (Temne)
*Baika - (Mende)
*Baisharu - (Temne)
*Bakar - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Baksene - Patience (Temne)
*Balaka - (Sherbro)
*Bambara - Riverine Flooding, “One who has Force” (Limba)
*Banekore - (Temne)
*Bangali
*Bankolo - “Don’t try it” (Limba)
*Barikeh - “Thank You” (Temne)
*Barome - (Temne)
*Benkutay - “Have you seen” (Limba)
*Benya
*Beyasi - Security (Limba)
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bockarie
*Boimah
*Boineh - Happy (Temne)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Chernoh 
*Dauda - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Dausie - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ervel
*Fayia - Second-born boy (Kissi / Kono)
*Fallah
*Fatha
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Fino - Pretty (Temne)
*Finnoh - Pretty (Temne)
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Gbassay
*Gbemute - (Temne)
*Gassimu
*Hachim - “Born in temporary separation” (Temne)
*Hassan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Hassana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Ibra - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahim - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahima - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Idris - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Idrissa - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Ishmael
*Jami
*Juma - Friday-born
*Juldeh
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kafo - Afternoon-born child (Mende)
*Kai - Chief/Elder (Temne) - Man (Vai)
*Kaima
*Kaisamba
*Kaloko
*Kalom - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kalomp - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kambi
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Kapindi - Night-born child (Mende)
*Karamoh
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kassim - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic)
*Kassimu - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kaskami - “My Father” (Temne)
*Kaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Kehwalleh
*Kei
*Kelfa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kelefa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kemoh
*Kemokai - “Man from Kemo” (Vai/Malinka/Mande)
*Kemokoh
*Kenie
*Kewullay 
*Komba
*Komrabai - Chief/Elder (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koray
*Kowa
*Koyie
*Koyon - Rain (Limba)
*Kpana - Chief (Sherbro)
*Kuruuba - Hero (Temne)
*Kuruugba - Hero (Temne)
*Kusan
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lamie - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mahai
*Mai
*Mahmadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makari
*Mamadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Mamudu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makoo
*Malakai - “My Messenger / My Angel / ‘Malaki’” (Hebrew)
*Maliki - “King / Sovereign / ‘Malik’” (Arabic) 
*Mayon - First born (Limba)
*Minkailu
*Mohamed - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momodu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Morlai
*Morlay
*Mourie
*Mukeh - “Our Father” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Muloma - “Harmony” (Mende)
*Muluku
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Mustapha - “The Chosen One / ‘Mustafa’” (Arabic)
*Nabie
*Najee
*Nbalie
*Ndawa
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Nomolie - Stone Chief Figure Sculpture (Sherbro/Bullom)
*Obrahim - “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Okaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Olobi
*Osman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Ousman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Pilleh
*Saa - First-born son
*Saah - First-born son
*Sadiq - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sahr - First-born son
*Said - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic)
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Salfu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Salieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Sallieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Samba
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sana
*Sandima
*Santigie
*Sara
*Sarjoh
*Sarway
*Segepoh
*Sei
*Sembeh - Strength (Limba)
*Senesie
*Senie
*Sento
*Sesay
*Sheaka
*Shekhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheikhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Siafa
*Siaka
*Sidi - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiki - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiq - “Truthful One / Sincere” (Arabic)
*Sonsiama
*Soriba
*Sorie
*Sulay - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suley - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sulaiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleyman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sundiata - “Lion Prince” (Mande/Mandinka)
*Taiwo - “First Twin to Taste the World” (Yoruba)
*Takothor
*Tamarane - “Helper / Let Us Help” (Temne)
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarasid
*Taypineh - (Temne)
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thaimu - (Temne)
*Thamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Thasneh - “Too much” (Temne)
*Thegeka - “Mindful to their own” (Limba)
*Thoyenkeh - (Temne)
*Tokumboh
*Umar - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Umaru - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Unisa
*Usman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Wesseh
*Yahya
*Yakub - “One Who Follows / Supplanter” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yakuba - “One Who Follows / Supplanter / ‘Yakub’” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yamba

==Surnames==
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Allieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Amara
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Bah
*Bai - Chief / Strength (Temne)
*Baion
*Bakarr - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Balde
*Bangura
*Banorah
*Banya
*Barrie
*Bassie
*Bayoh
*Beah
*Bendu
*Bengeh
*Benya
*Bio
*Bockarie
*Boima
*Brewah
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bundu
*Carew
*Caulker -  A tradesperson who sealed seams in ships, barrels, or structures using materials like oakum or pitch to make them watertight (English) *common amongst the Krio and Sherbro
*Cocker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio and Sherbro
*Coker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio and Sherbro
*Conteh
*Corker - A tradesperson who sealed seams in ships, barrels, or structures using materials like oakum or pitch to make them watertight (English) *common amongst the Krio and Sherbro
*Daboh
*Dabundeh
*Dambeli
*Dambelly
*Daramy
*Dauda  - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Deen
*Dukureh
*Dumbuya
*Entochema
*Fasuluku
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Fofana
*Fofanah
*Foh
*Fomah
*Fomba
*Foray
*Funah
*Funna
*Gaba
*Ganda
*Gassama
*Gassimu
*Gbamanja
*Gbla
*Gblah
*Gbondo
*Gborie
*Gevao
*Gwary
*Jabati
*Jabbie
*Jadama
*Jah
*Jajua
*Jalloh
*Jammeh
*Janneh
*Jarsey
*Jawara
*Jaward - “Open-handed / Generous / ‘Jawad’” (Arabic)
*Jebbeh
*Jinkang
*Jobarteh
*Joko
*Jones - son of John (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Juana
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kabbah
*Kabia
*Kaikai
*Kailie
*Kaingbanja
*Kaisamba
*Kakay
*Kallay
*Kallon
*Kalokoh
*Kamanda
*Kamara - “Protecting Village / Home” (Soninke)
*Kanagborro
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanu
*Kanuteh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karew
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kargbo
*Karimu
*Katta
*Kawa
*Kebbie
*Keita
*Kellie
*Khia
*Koedoyoma
*Koita
*Koker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Kolleh
*Komba
*Komai
*Konateh
*Kondewa
*Konneh
*Kongobah
*Kongobay
*Konteh
*Konomanyi
*Koroma
*Kortu
*Kowa
*Kpaka
*Kurubally
*Kutubu
*Kuyateh
*Kuyembeh
*Lahai
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Lavalie - (Mende)
*Lebbie
*Lewally
*Lungay
*Lunsar - “Lion’s town” “Place of stones” (Temne - Town in the Northern Province)
*Luseni
*MacCarthy -  “son of Cárthach&quot; &quot;loving/beloved” (Irish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*MacFoy - “Son of the Potter” (Scottish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*Magona
*Makaya
*Maligie
*Mani - (Kono / Kissi)
*Manjang
*Manneh
*Mansaray
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Margai
*Marrah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Massally
*Massaquoi - “Chief / Ruler” (Vai)
*Mattia
*Matturie
*Mayeh
*Mbayo
*Minah
*Minteh
*Moinina
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Momokani
*Moriba
*Morong
*Moseray
*Munu
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Ngegba
*Ngobeh
*Nyuma
*Nyumah
*Panneh
*Pessima
*Quee
*Saccoh
*Saffa
*Saibureh
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Sall
*Sama
*Samah
*Samai
*Samba
*Sambo
*Samura
*Samurah
*Sankarah
*Sankareh
*Sankoh - “Strong” (Temne)
*Sannoh
*Sanu - (Limba)
*Sanyang
*Sawaneh
*Sawyerr - “One Who Saws Wood / Woodcutter” (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Seibureh
*Sekoh
*Sellu
*Senesie
*Sengeh
*Sengulay
*Sesay
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Sidibay
*Sidibeh
*Sidibey
*Sillah
*Sogbo
*Sonko
*Sorie
*Sourie
*Sow
*Sowa
*Suluku - Wolf / Hyena (Mande/Mandinka)
*Suma
*Sumana
*Suso
*Swaray
*Swarray
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarawali
*Tarawalie
*Tarawallie
*Tarawally
*Taylor - Cutter of cloth / ‘Tailor’ (English / French) *common amongst the Krio
*Teambo
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Tengbeh
*Tholley
*Thoronka
*Timbo
*Tonkara
*Torto
*Tucker - Softener of cloth (English) *common amongst the Krio and Sherbro
*Tumoe
*Tunkara
*Turay
*Vandi
*Vandy
*Wariteh
*Williams - son of William (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Wongbo
*Woobay
*Wulladeh 
*Wurie
*Yakawa
*Yambasu
*Yansaneh
*Yansanneh
*Yiraia
*Yokie
*{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>pwtjzfacudiuq5qwtv2o2lolv6ee0zs</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641932</id>
      <parentid>4641929</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T22:11:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Serayinterlude</username>
        <id>3571176</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>4641932</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="20034" sha1="03kbm20j0yntfpe65q8cp9e6e0orlac" xml:space="preserve">==Usage note==
Some Sierra Leonean given names are based on birth order, context and gender. These are indicated here.

Sierra Leonean given names are sometimes borrowed from other local ethnic tribes, where one name can be rooted in one group, it may be commonly used within other overlapping groups. For example, ‘Tenneh’ means Monday in Limba, but the name is most commonly observed amongst Temne people too. It is also possible for the same name to have different meanings to different ethnic groups.

Some names listed may not be Sierra Leonean by origin, but used frequently within the country.

==Girls' names==
*Aba
*Abiba - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Abibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic)
*Adama - “Earth / Created from the Ground” (Hebrew)
*Adiatu - “God’s Adornment” (Hebrew)
*Aicha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aisha - “Alive / Thriving” (Arabic)
*Ajaratu - “Prosperous / Precious Stone / ‘Ajar’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alanki - “Given by God” (Limba)
*Alimatu - Gentle / Patient / ‘Halima’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Amara - “Grace” (Igbo)
*Amie - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic)
*Amida - “Praised / Commendable / ‘Ameeda’” (Arabic)
*Amina - “Protected / Devoted” (Arabic)
*Aminata - “Protected / Devoted / ‘Amina’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ashike - Prosperity (Temne)
*Asuma
*Awa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic)
*Ayesha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Aysha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Bahnnie - “Remorseful / Emphathetic” (Temne)
*Bentu - (Sherbro/Bullom)
*Binta - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bintu - Daughter / Girl / ‘Bint’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Camu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Damoh - (Limba)
*Dawa
*Egbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Ejatu
*Emivia
*Eyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Fanta - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic - Mandinka Localised)
*Fatima - “One Who Abstains” (Arabic)
*Fatmata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fatumata - “One Who Abstains / ‘Fatima’” (Arabic)
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Finnoh - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finnor - Beautiful (Temne)
*Finda - Daughter born after second son, female third born 
*Fudia - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Fudiatu - “One Who Sacrifices Herself to Help Others / ‘Fadiya’” (Arabic)
*Gbatima - Unique / Different (Mende)
*Gbentha - Brightness (Temne)
*Giloh -  &quot;Let this remain&quot; (Mende)
*Habiba - “Blessed / Loved One” (Arabic)
*Habibatu - “Blessed / Loved One / “Habiba” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hadijatu - “Early Born Child / ‘Khadijah’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Haja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajja - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous ” (Arabic)
*Hajah - “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic)
*Hajaratu “The Pilgrim / Virtuous / ‘Hajja’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Halimatu - Gentle / Patient / ‘Halima’ (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Hassanatu - “Radiant Beauty / ‘Hasana’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Hawa - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living” (Arabic) Eve (Biblical)
*Hawanatu - “Source of Life / Mother of All Living / ‘Hawa’” (Arabic - West African Localised) Eve (Biblical)
*Hejawa - Abundance of Luck (Mende)
*Isata - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isatu - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Isha - “Alive / Thriving / ‘Aisha’” (Arabic)
*Iya
*Iyaema - Desired Child (Temne)
*Iye
*Jebbeh
*Jebeh
*Jeneba - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jenneh - “Gift from God / ‘Zaynab’” (Arabic - West African Localised) 
*Jilo - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jiloh - “Let this remain” (Mende)
*Jita
*Kadie - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Khadijah - “Early Born Child” (Arabic)
*Khadijatu - “Early Born Child” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kainday
*Kamu - “It’s Yours” (Temne)
*Kanyim - Born at night/dark (Temne)
*Kathy - Sunday-born (Limba)
*Kenia
*Kilikuroo - “God-depending” (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koniaka - (Mende)
*Kpatehnya - (Mende)
*Kumba - Second girl after twins
*Kutu
*Koiya - Brave / Warrior (Temne)
*Konya - (Mende)
*Lavina - Purity (Latin)
*Lavinia - Purity (Latin)
*Lileh - Peace (Mende)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mabaindu
*Mabendu
*Mabinty
*Mafo - Afternoon-born child (Mende)
*Magayai
*Magbindi - Night-born child (Mende)
*Magenda
*Mahunbey - “To Take Care / Look After” (Mende)
*Mariama - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mariatu - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew - West African Localised)
*Mamie - Mother / Lady / Grandmother (Krio)
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marie - “Star of the Sea” (Hebrew)
*Maseray
*Massa
*Mateneh - “Mother born on a Monday” (Limba)
*Mbalu
*Memuna - “Fortunate / Lucky / ‘Maymuna’” (Arabic)
*Mentima - (Mende)
*Muboneh - “Happiness” (Temne)
*Mujeh - “Our Mother” (Mende)
*Mujeni - “Our Mothers” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Musu - “Beautiful Wife / Beautiful Woman” (Mande)
*Nadewa - (Limba)
*Namina - (Limba)
*Nasratha - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nasratu - “Victory / ‘Nasrat’” (Arabic)
*Nayana - (Limba)
*Ndelei - “Peace / Blissful Heart” (Mende)
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Ndomayah - “Because of Love” (Mende)
*Nekami - “Self-Pitying” (Temne)
*Nemata
*Neneh
*Nepor - Courage (Mende)
*Nikami - Self-Pitying (Temne)
*Nouhou
*Nyahagbayie - “Woman of Might” (Mende)
*Nyahanina - (Mende)
*Nyaleimava - (Mende)
*Nyalima - (Mende)
*Nyanda - (Mende)
*Nyawa - (Mende)
*Nyawo - (Mende)
*Nyayah - (Mende)
*Nyima - Beautiful / Good (Mandinka/Mande)
*Okemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Okiya - Mine (Limba)
*Okiyan - Mine (Limba)
*Orkemi - “My Own” (Temne)
*Othimo - Liked (Limba)
*Oyola - “The Rich One” (Temne)
*Posseh
*Preysok - “Morning-born child” (Temne)
*Pruvah 
*Rakiatu
*Raliatu
*Ramatu
*Rukoh
*Ruuba - Blessing/Thank You (Temne)
*Rugiatu
*Sabatu
*Sadanmei - (Limba)
*Sadira
*Safiatu
*Saffiatu
*Sallay
*Salamatu
*Salimatu
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sapunka - Unbearable (Limba)
*Sawie
*Seinya
*Selah
*Serah - Firstborn daughter (Limba)
*Seray
*Sia - Gift (Mande)
*Siabanda - Firstborn daughter
*Sianeh
*Simbiwa
*Simithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sinithi - Saturday-born (Limba)
*Sira
*Tachekor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Tataigbon - “Untouchable” (Temne)
*Tatessa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Tenne - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tenneh - Monday-born (Limba)
*Tewoh - (Mende)
*Thachaikor - “Protected child / “Left to be”” (Temne)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thatema - (Limba)
*Thathesa - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Thathesar - “Fairest of them all” (Temne)
*Theneleh
*Tilima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Titi - Girl (Krio)
*Umu - “Mother / ‘Ummu’” (Arabic)
*Unama
*Wuzairiatu
*Yabom
*Yabomporro
*Yabu
*Yaddah
*Yafeh - Peace (Temne)
*Yakasu - (Temne)
*Yakoiya - (Temne)
*Yalie - Advice (Limba)
*Yandora
*Yankain - (Limba)
*Yanbakie - (Temne)
*Yandi - Please (Limba)
*Yannoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yarimeh - (Limba)
*Yatta
*Yayo - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yayor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeabu
*Yeani - “Mothers” (Temne)
*Yeanoh - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yeanor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yenor - “Mother” (Temne)
*Yietoma
*Yoyonthor
*Zainab - “Fragrant flower” (Arabic)
*Zaria - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zariatu - “Princess / ‘Sarah’” (Hebrew) “Flower / ‘zahr’” (Arabic)
*Zairiatu - “To bloom / ‘zāra’” (Arabic)

==Boys' names==
*Abdul - “Servant (of)” (Arabic)
*Abdullah - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic)
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Abu - “Father (of)” (Arabic)
*Abubakar - “Father of a Young Camel / ‘Abu Bakr’” (Arabic)
*Abudu - “Servant of Allah” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Aiah - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Alasan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Alhaji - “The Pilgrim / ‘Al-Hajj’” (Arabic)
*Ali - High / Exalted / Elevated (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Almamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alimamy - “The Leader / ‘Al-Imam’” (Arabic)
*Alpha - “The Jurist / The Scholar / ‘Al-Fariq’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Alusine - “The Handsome / ‘Al-Husayn’” (Arabic)
*Amadu - “The One Who Constantly Thanks God / Highly Commendable / ‘Ahmad’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Arun - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Aruna - “High-ranking / Mountain of Strength / ‘Harun’” (Arabic) ‘Aaron’ (Hebrew)
*Arsheke - (Temne)
*Arshekeh - (Temne)
*Aya - Third-born son born after twins (Temne)
*Babah
*Badara
*Bai - Chief/Strength (Temne)
*Bai-Bai - (Temne)
*Baika - (Mende)
*Baisharu - (Temne)
*Bakar - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Baksene - Patience (Temne)
*Balaka - (Sherbro)
*Bambara - Riverine Flooding, “One who has Force” (Limba)
*Banekore - (Temne)
*Bangali
*Bankolo - “Don’t try it” (Limba)
*Barikeh - “Thank You” (Temne)
*Barome - (Temne)
*Benkutay - “Have you seen” (Limba)
*Benya
*Beyasi - Security (Limba)
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bockarie
*Boimah
*Boineh - Happy (Temne)
*Bonyor - Gold (Temne)
*Chernoh 
*Dauda - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Dausie - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Ervel
*Fayia - Second-born boy (Kissi / Kono)
*Fallah
*Fatha
*Fenthi - Clean / Proper (Temne)
*Fino - Pretty (Temne)
*Finnoh - Pretty (Temne)
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Gbassay
*Gbemute - (Temne)
*Gassimu
*Hachim - “Born in temporary separation” (Temne)
*Hassan - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Hassana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Ibra - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahim - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Ibrahima - “Father of Many” (Arabic)
*Idris - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Idrissa - “Studious / Smart” (Arabic)
*Ishmael
*Jami
*Juma - Friday-born
*Juldeh
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kafo - Afternoon-born child (Mende)
*Kai - Chief/Elder (Temne) - Man (Vai)
*Kaima
*Kaisamba
*Kaloko
*Kalom - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kalomp - Straightforward (Temne)
*Kambi
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Kapindi - Night-born child (Mende)
*Karamoh
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kassim - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic)
*Kassimu - “One Who Distributes” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Kaskami - “My Father” (Temne)
*Kaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Kehwalleh
*Kei
*Kelfa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kelefa - “The One Who Pays” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kemoh
*Kemokai - “Man from Kemo” (Vai/Malinka/Mande)
*Kemokoh
*Kenie
*Kewullay 
*Komba
*Komrabai - Chief/Elder (Temne)
*Kohuneh - Joy / Happiness (Mende)
*Koray
*Kowa
*Koyie
*Koyon - Rain (Limba)
*Kpana - Chief (Sherbro)
*Kuruuba - Hero (Temne)
*Kuruugba - Hero (Temne)
*Kusan
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lamie - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Luba - Blessing (Mende)
*Mahai
*Mai
*Mahmadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makari
*Mamadu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Mamudu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Makoo
*Malakai - “My Messenger / My Angel / ‘Malaki’” (Hebrew)
*Maliki - “King / Sovereign / ‘Malik’” (Arabic) 
*Mayon - First born (Limba)
*Minkailu
*Mohamed - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momodu - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic)
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Morlai
*Morlay
*Mourie
*Mukeh - “Our Father” (Mende)
*Muliima - “Relying (on..)” (Mende)
*Muloma - “Harmony” (Mende)
*Muluku
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Mustapha - “The Chosen One / ‘Mustafa’” (Arabic)
*Nabie
*Najee
*Nbalie
*Ndawa
*Ndeleiva - “Let Peace Prevail” (Mende)
*Nomolie - Stone Chief Figure Sculpture (Sherbro/Bullom)
*Obrahim - “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Okaskasu - “Our Father” (Temne)
*Olobi
*Osman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Ousman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Pilleh
*Saa - First-born son
*Saah - First-born son
*Sadiq - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sahr - First-born son
*Said - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic)
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Salfu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Salieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Sallieu - “Righteous / Pious / ‘Salih’” (Arabic)
*Samba
*Sampa - (Temne)
*Sana
*Sandima
*Santigie
*Sara
*Sarjoh
*Sarway
*Segepoh
*Sei
*Sembeh - Strength (Limba)
*Senesie
*Senie
*Sento
*Sesay
*Sheaka
*Shekhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheikhu - “Chieftain / Religious Leader / ‘Sheikh’” (Arabic)
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Siafa
*Siaka
*Sidi - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiki - “Truthful One / Sincere / ‘Siddiq’” (Arabic)
*Sidiq - “Truthful One / Sincere” (Arabic)
*Sonsiama
*Soriba
*Sorie
*Sulay - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suley - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sulaiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleiman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Suleyman - “Man of Peace” (Arabic)
*Sundiata - “Lion Prince” (Mande/Mandinka)
*Taiwo - “First Twin to Taste the World” (Yoruba)
*Takothor
*Tamarane - “Helper / Let Us Help” (Temne)
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarasid
*Taypineh - (Temne)
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Thaduba - Blessing (Limba)
*Thaimu - (Temne)
*Thamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Thasneh - “Too much” (Temne)
*Thegeka - “Mindful to their own” (Limba)
*Thoyenkeh - (Temne)
*Tokumboh
*Umar - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Umaru - “Flourishing / Long-Lived / ‘Omar’” (Arabic)
*Unisa
*Usman - Baby bustard desert bird; wisdom, strength,  leadership / ‘Uthman’ (Arabic, cultural symbol)
*Wesseh
*Yahya
*Yakub - “One Who Follows / Supplanter” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yakuba - “One Who Follows / Supplanter / ‘Yakub’” (Arabic) ‘Jacob’ (Hebrew)
*Yamba

==Surnames==
*Abdulai - “Servant of Allah / ‘Abdullah’” (Arabic)
*Alieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Allieu - Strong (Mandinka/Mande) - High (Arabic)
*Amara
*Ansumana - &quot;Protector of His Name&quot;/ &quot;One Who Defends His Name” (Mandinka/Mande)
*Bah
*Bai - Chief / Strength (Temne)
*Baion
*Bakarr - Early Dawn / “Young Camel” ‘Abu Bakr’ - Arabic
*Balde
*Bangura
*Banorah
*Banya
*Barrie
*Bassie
*Bayoh
*Beah
*Bendu
*Bengeh
*Benya
*Bio
*Bockarie
*Boima
*Brewah
*Brima - Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande) “Father of Many / ‘Ibrahim’” (Arabic)
*Bundu
*Carew
*Caulker -  A tradesperson who sealed seams in ships, barrels, or structures using materials like oakum or pitch to make them watertight (English) *common amongst the Krio and Sherbro
*Cocker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio and Sherbro
*Coker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio and Sherbro
*Conteh
*Corker - A tradesperson who sealed seams in ships, barrels, or structures using materials like oakum or pitch to make them watertight (English) *common amongst the Krio and Sherbro
*Daboh
*Dabundeh
*Dambeli
*Dambelly
*Daramy
*Dauda  - “Beloved / Dear One / ‘Dawood’” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Deen
*Dukureh
*Dumbuya
*Entochema
*Fasuluku
*Foday - “Heart / Conscious / ‘Fuad’” (Arabic)
*Fofana
*Fofanah
*Foh
*Fomah
*Fomba
*Foray
*Funah
*Funna
*Gaba
*Ganda
*Gassama
*Gassimu
*Gbamanja
*Gbla
*Gblah
*Gbondo
*Gborie
*Gevao
*Gwary
*Jabati
*Jabbie
*Jadama
*Jah
*Jajua
*Jalloh
*Jammeh
*Janneh
*Jarsey
*Jawara
*Jaward - “Open-handed / Generous / ‘Jawad’” (Arabic)
*Jebbeh
*Jinkang
*Jobarteh
*Joko
*Jones - son of John (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Juana
*Jusu
*Kabba
*Kabbah
*Kabia
*Kaikai
*Kailie
*Kaingbanja
*Kaisamba
*Kakay
*Kallay
*Kallon
*Kalokoh
*Kamanda
*Kamara - “Protecting Village / Home” (Soninke)
*Kanagborro
*Kandeh
*Kanneh
*Kanu
*Kanuteh
*Kanuwally - “God, I thank you” (Limba)
*Karefa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Karew
*Karifa - “Successor / Holy One / ‘Khalifa’”(Arabic) Second-born son (Mandinka/Mande)
*Kargbo
*Karimu
*Katta
*Kawa
*Kebbie
*Keita
*Kellie
*Khia
*Koedoyoma
*Koita
*Koker - Fighter / Wrangler (Middle English) *common amongst the Krio
*Kolleh
*Komba
*Komai
*Konateh
*Kondewa
*Konneh
*Kongobah
*Kongobay
*Konteh
*Konomanyi
*Koroma
*Kortu
*Kowa
*Kpaka
*Kurubally
*Kutubu
*Kuyateh
*Kuyembeh
*Lahai
*Lamin - “Trustworthy / Faithful / ‘Al-Amin’” (Arabic)
*Lansana - “The Virtuous / The Good / ‘Al-Hassan’” (Arabic)
*Lavalie - (Mende)
*Lebbie
*Lewally
*Lungay
*Lunsar - “Lion’s town” “Place of stones” (Temne - Town in the Northern Province)
*Luseni
*MacCarthy -  “son of Cárthach&quot; &quot;loving/beloved” (Irish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*MacFoy - “Son of the Potter” (Scottish / Gaelic) *common amongst the Krio
*Magona
*Makaya
*Maligie
*Mani - (Kono / Kissi)
*Manjang
*Manneh
*Mansaray
*Mara - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Marah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Margai
*Marrah - “To Protect” (Soninke)
*Massally
*Massaquoi - “Chief / Ruler” (Vai)
*Mattia
*Matturie
*Mayeh
*Mbayo
*Minah
*Minteh
*Moinina
*Momoh - “Praiseworthy / Commendable / ‘Muhammad’” (Arabic - Mano River Basin Localised)
*Momokani
*Moriba
*Morong
*Moseray
*Munu
*Musa - “Saved from the Water” (Arabic) ‘Moses’ (Hebrew)
*Ngegba
*Ngobeh
*Nyuma
*Nyumah
*Panneh
*Pessima
*Quee
*Saccoh
*Saffa
*Saibureh
*Saidu - “Fortunate / Blessed” (Arabic - West African Localised)
*Sall
*Sama
*Samah
*Samai
*Samba
*Sambo
*Samura
*Samurah
*Sankarah
*Sankareh
*Sankoh - “Strong” (Temne)
*Sannoh
*Sanu - (Limba)
*Sanyang
*Sawaneh
*Sawyerr - “One Who Saws Wood / Woodcutter” (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Seibureh
*Sekoh
*Sellu
*Senesie
*Sengeh
*Sengulay
*Sesay
*Sheriff - “Noble / Honorable / ‘Sharif’” (Arabic)
*Sidibay
*Sidibeh
*Sidibey
*Sillah
*Sogbo
*Sonko
*Sorie
*Sourie
*Sow
*Sowa
*Suluku - Wolf / Hyena (Mande/Mandinka)
*Suma
*Sumana
*Suso
*Swaray
*Swarray
*Tamba - Second-born son born after twins
*Tarawali
*Tarawalie
*Tarawallie
*Tarawally
*Taylor - Cutter of cloth / ‘Tailor’ (English / French) *common amongst the Krio
*Teambo
*Tejan - Crown / royal headband / ‘Tijan’ (Arabic)
*Tengbeh
*Tholley
*Thoronka
*Timbo
*Tonkara
*Torto
*Tucker - Softener of cloth (English) *common amongst the Krio and Sherbro
*Tumoe
*Tunkara
*Turay
*Vandi
*Vandy
*Wariteh
*Williams - son of William (English) *common amongst the Krio
*Wongbo
*Woobay
*Wulladeh 
*Wurie
*Yakawa
*Yambasu
*Yansaneh
*Yansanneh
*Yiraia
*Yokie
*{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>03kbm20j0yntfpe65q8cp9e6e0orlac</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog/GROUP PC – Digital stamps generated by personal computer software or online</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>384906</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641905</id>
      <parentid>4641030</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T18:59:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Boris1951zz</username>
        <id>3378369</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-F: Franks generated by EasyPost software, with &quot;easypost&quot; in the frank}} */</comment>
      <origin>4641905</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="121384" sha1="a28ua48w357ggd2lvtielmax1a0lwwa" xml:space="preserve">==&lt;font size=5&gt;&lt;font color=#1F75FE&gt;'''GROUP PC: Special designs generated by personal computer'''&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;==
[[United_States_Postage_Meter_Stamp_Catalog |&lt;font size=2&gt;''&lt;u&gt;Click here to return to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;/font&gt;]]

{{font/top|size=3|color=#08457E}}
'''NOTE''': ''All the stamps listed here are valid only on the date generated. PC stamps with unrestricted validity, i.e. savable for future use, are more like traditional stamps than meter stamps and thus are not cataloged here. PC stamps with unrestricted validity are cataloged in '''&lt;i&gt;USA: Variable Denomination Stamps (1989-2020)&lt;/i&gt;''' by Karim Roder (available on Amazon).''

* Group PC stamps can vary considerably in size, font styles, and color within the same stamp type depending on personal printer settings, available fonts, etc. Size variations or colors other than black are unusual but are user controlled variables.

* The stamps are found on plain paper and adhesive labels depending on what the user has in his printer. Self-adhesive labels are sold by the various PC stamp companies and also by outside vendors. These labels exist both with and without fluorescent tagging. As with color and font, paper or label type is a user controlled variable, however to a great extent the parameters are set by United States Postal Service ( see: https://postalpro.usps.com/parcellabelingguide). It is recommended that the collector save the '''entire label'''.

* PC stamps are often found in a frame at the top right of large address labels. To the left of the stamp is a smaller frame containing a large letter or number representing the class of mail. Codes found are: &quot;'''1'''&quot; (first class), &quot;'''fcm'''&quot; (first class), &quot;'''P'''&quot; (priority), &quot;'''E'''&quot; (express), &quot;'''M'''&quot; (media), &quot;'''T'''&quot; (parcel post), solid block (media, or other), &quot;'''H'''&quot; (Hazardous), &quot;'''G'''&quot; (Ground Advantage), &quot;'''X'''&quot; (Media). Not all the codes are found with all the stamp types that use the labels.

* 2-Dimensional barcodes occur in two major types and several subtypes:
::::: PDF417 A horizontally stacked 2-dimensional barcode, each consists of  2 punctuators, 2 indicators and a variable number of data blocks.

::::::  subvariety PDF417(4) has 4 datablocks [[File: PDF417-224.png|right|250px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(6) has 6 datablocks [[File: PDF417-226.png|right|275px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(7) has 7 datablocks [[File: PDF417-227.png|right|300px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(8) has 8 datablocks [[File: PDF417-228.png|right|350px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(9) has 9 datablocks [[File: PDF417-229.png|right|375px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(12) has 12 datablocks [[File: PDF417-2212.png|right|400px]]


::::: Data matrix is a 2 dimensional barcode consisting of square or rectangular data blocks

::::::  subvariety DM-2H (&quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;) has 2 datablocks arranged horizontally [[File: DM-2HZ.png|right|100px]]


::::::  subvariety DM-2V (&quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;) has 2 datablocks arranged vertically [[File: DM-2VR.png|right|50px]]


::::::  subvariety DM-4 has 4 datablocks arranged as a square [[File: DM-4SQ.png|right|100px]]


* PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are  4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label.
[[File: ST size.png|right|200px]]

[[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File: FF size.png|center|200px]]


[[File: CF size.png|center|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;{{center/top}}* * *
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}}

{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-A: Franks from E-Stamp software, ID numbers with 05#E prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* All stamps have large, negative “e” logo at top right and &quot;PDF417&quot; bar code across the bottom with identification number at bottom right.
* &quot;US Postage&quot; and date are at top center, usually below a mail classification statement.
* Found both with and without FIM barcode at top left and also with and without slogan or directional slug at left.
* One hundred FD covers were prepared by E-Stamp in cooperation with the National Postal Museum on March 31, 1998. Trials took place for several more months. The first day of national availability was September 27, 1999.
* Although we must assume other mail classes were available, only '''First Class''', '''First-Class''', '''Priority''', and '''Priority Mail''' have been reported.
* E-stamp ceased operations at the end of 2000.
{{font/end}}


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}

----

&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-A1 FDC stamp.jpg|right|425px]]

'''PC-A1.10.''' March 31, 1998. {{space|2}} [RR]

: This stamp is found only on the First Day Covers prepared by E-Stamp and the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each.
: The value figures are large, 4mm tall. 
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: Mail class: &quot;First Class&quot; ({{font|size=2|''without hyphen''}}).
: Identification number with 051E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;}}  {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, 4mm tall''}})

'''PC-A1.11.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [RR][[File: PC-A1.11 251004.png|right|375px]]

: This stamp is found only on covers by the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each.
: The value figures are smaller than on &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot; but larger than on &quot;'''PC-A1.2'''&quot; ettc.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: Mail class: &quot;First Class&quot; ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}}).
: Identification number with 051E prefix  and about the same length as in &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot;
: V/F: {{space|4}}  {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;}}  {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, about 3½mm tall''}})

{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1e''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A1.2.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-A1.1 but with smaller value figures, 2 to 3mm tall.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; normally at bottom left below the barcode. 
: ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}})

: &lt;u&gt;Mail classes&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''A'''.  First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}})
:: '''B1'''. Priority {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''B2'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [R]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''b'''. With recipient's identity instead of &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at left below bar code field {{space|2}} [RR]
:: '''c'''. With 4-digit ZIP code

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|&quot;Express&quot; (or &quot;Express Mail&quot;) was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''RA1c and d''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1p3A.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A1.3.''' {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-A1.2 but value figures show decimal fractions of a cent and have wide spacing between the dollar sign and the decimal digit with the other figures.
: ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2.
:: '''A'''. V/F regular: {{space|4}} ${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} &lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''B'''.  V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} &lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;''

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1.4A.jpg|right|535px]]

'''PC-A1.4.'''
:  As PC-A1.3B but the value figures are spaced closely together.
:  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(12) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
:: '''A'''.  Destination town name at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 051E prefix {{space|4}} [RRRR]&lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''B'''.  &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 053E prefix {{space|4}} [S]
: The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2.
: V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; ''

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|Type PC-A1.4A is possibly the first E-stamp placed in use with paying customers, earlier than when PC-A1.2, PC-A1.3, and PC-A1.4B were issued.}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A2.''' March 2000. {{space|2}} [S]
:  As Type PC-A1.2 but the inscriptions are larger.
: &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at bottom left below the barcode. 
:  With PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
:  ID# with 053E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $ 0'''.'''00

: &lt;u&gt;Mail classes&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''A'''. First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}})
:: '''B'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [S]

[[File: USA PC-A2a.jpg|right|380px]]
:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; ({{font|size=2|''see below''}}) {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''b'''. &quot;Mailed From ZIP Code&quot; town line with 4-digit ZIP code instead of normal 5-digit code {{space|2}} [RR]

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|&quot;Express&quot; (or &quot;Express Mail&quot;) was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}}


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-B: Franks from Neopost software, ID numbers with 04#N or NO4#N prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* The stamp designs are quite different from each other. One has a four-pointed star logo, two have a torch in hand logo, and one has no logo. Even the bar codes are dissimilar.
* Neopost was the second company to enter the PC postage business with an experimental design sometime in early 1998. Circumstances of the trial remain unknown to us.
* Stamps are found both with and without FIM barcode at top left. Examples are not known with slogan or slug.
* &lt;u&gt;Classes of mail seen on PC-B stamps&lt;/u&gt;:

::{|
| '''A.''' {{space|4}} FIRST CLASS LTR [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]]

| '''F.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 2 [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]]

| '''M.''' {{space|4}} INTL LETTER

|-

| {{space|4}}  '''Aa.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS LTR

| '''G.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 3

| '''N.''' {{space|4}} INTL CAN LTR

|-

| '''B.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVERSZ

| '''H.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 4

| '''P.''' {{space|4}} INTL MEX LTR

|-

| {{space|4}}  '''Ba.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVSZ

| '''I.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 5

| '''Q.''' {{space|4}} NEXT DAY EXP MAIL

|-

| '''C'''. {{space|4}} PRIORITY MAIL

| '''J.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 6

| '''R.''' {{space|4}} MEDIA MAIL

|-

| '''D.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY LOCAL

| '''K.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 7

|-

| '''E.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 1

| '''L.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 8

|}
* Mail classes E through L were discontinued in June 2002. Examples are exceptionally rare. Most mail classes except the First Class variations are scarce to very rare.
* Neopost PC stamps became available nationally in May 1999.

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}

{{font/end}}

----
&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-B1.''' {{font|color=green|''The stamp previously cataloged here has not been found used on actual mail. For this reason the Type has been deleted and the stamp re-cataloged as Type ESY-DF2 in the Essay section.''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D1.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-B2. ”Postage Plus”™''', '''“PC Stamp™”''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RRR]
: This too is an experimental stamp. It was first seen in live tests in and near Washington DC and parts of northern California. It was offered nationally in May 1999 but saw little use.
: The stamp was used by two different systems, &quot;Postage Plus&quot; which used a live internet connection, and &quot;PC Stamp&quot; which downloaded postage credit into a rented hardware vault. 
: The design shows at top right two horizontal bars with &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; above the top one and the town line below the bottom one. Between the bars at right are a torch-in-hand logo left of small &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; reading up. Also between the ars are the class of mail, the value figures (centered), and the date.
: PDF417(7) barcode across the bottom 
: With &quot;DEVICE and identification number at bottom right. 
: Meter number with N041N, N041NA, or 041N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

:: '''a'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; at bottom left
:: '''b'''. With &quot;FIM&quot; baarcode at top left


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-B3.1.jpg|right|390px]]

'''PC-B3.1. “Simply Postage”™''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RR]
: Produced by an internet-connected labeling device.
: Similar to PC-B2 with torch-in-hand logo and point of sale data mixed with two horizontal bars, but otherwise quite different.
: The stamp is found only on self-adhesive labels with rounded corners and fluorescent red bar across the bottom edge.
: &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is vertical at far right just left of a double line of micro-printing reading &quot;NEOPOSTNEOPOST...&quot; vertically.
: Between the bars are the identification number, value figures, and date. Below the bottom bar is the town line, '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: Stamp with &quot;PDF417(9)&quot; bar code.
: Meter number with N042N prefix.
: Large value figures, 4½ to 5mm tall
: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØ ({{font|size=2|''with slashed zeros''}})


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-B3.2. “Simply Postage” '''. {{space|2}} [RR]
: As Type PC-B3.1 but the value figures have a tenths of a cent figure.
: Stamp with &quot;PDF417(9)&quot; bar code.
: Meter number with N042N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  $Ø'''.'''ØØ&lt;u&gt;ø&lt;/u&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1A''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1A.jpg|right|330px]]

'''PC-B4.1. “ProMail” ''', 1998? {{space|2}} [S]
: Produced by an internet-connected labeling device.
: Also printed on self-adhesive labels this stamp is much smaller than the PC-B3 stamps and contains the point-of-sale data at left and a square &quot;Datamatrix (DM-4)&quot; bar code at right.
: Point-of-sale data have the value figures at top followed by the class of mail, '''MAILED FROM''' (ZIP code) town line, &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot;, date and identification number.
: Fluorescent bar at far left just outside two lines of micro-printing reading &quot;NEOPOSTNEOPOST...&quot; vertically.
: Meter number with 045N prefix.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1B''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1B.jpg|right|330px]]

'''PC-B4.2. “ProMail” '''. {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-B4.1 but the value figures are slightly larger and the text is slightly bolder.
: square &quot;Datamatrix (DM-4)&quot; bar code at right.
: Labels have fluorescent bar at right.
: Meter number with 047N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-C: Franks generated by software from Stamps.com (StampMaster before 1999), ID numbers with 06#S prefix}}====


{{font/top|color=#0018A8|size=3}}
* The first stamp design has a negative {{space|1}}&lt;font size=4&gt;&lt;font color=black&gt;'''S'''&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;{{space|1}} in oval logo. All others contain {{space|1}}&lt;font size=4&gt;&lt;font color=black&gt;'''stamps.com'''&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;{{space|1}} somewhere in the design. Some time after Stamps.com acquired Endicia in November 2015 (see Sub-group PC-E) the logo {{space|1}}&lt;font size=4&gt;&lt;font color=black&gt;'''stamps'''&lt;sub&gt;'''endicia'''&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;{{space|1}} came into use.
* The stamps are found both with and without a FIM barcode at upper left.
* &lt;u&gt;Mail classes found with PC-C stamps&lt;/u&gt;:
::  {{space|4}}  FIRST CLASS, FIRST CLASS MAIL, FCI (first class international)  &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  PRIORITY MAIL  &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  EXPRESS MAIL  &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  MEDIA MAIL &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
: &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt; Collectors should be aware that the primary mail classes are found in a multitude of variations. For example, FIRST CLASS can be found as FIRST-CLASS PKG RATE, FIRST-CLASS MAIL PARCEL, FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE INTL, USPS FIRST CLASS MAIL, etc.. We do not know them all. Please inform the catalog manager regarding something different (&quot;'''Alan Knutson, boris1951@charter.net'''&quot;) if possible also include a scan.
* The StampMaster/stamps.com system was first trialed in the Washington DC area and in parts of California sometime before August 1998. It was made available nationally on September 27, 1999.

* PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are  4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label.
[[File: ST size.png|right|200px]]

[[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File: FF size.png|center|200px]]


[[File: CF size.png|center|400px]]


{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;{{center/top}}* * *
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

----
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]]
{{font/top|size=2|color=red}}
'''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label &quot;'''size FS5 (with 5 horizontal boxes, A thru E) or size FS6 (with six horizontal boxes, A thru F)'''&quot;, they will referenced as follows'''
::::: Panel or Box A:  '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'')
::::: Panel or Box B:  oftentimes subdivided  {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Icon/ Postage Payment'']}}
::::::: Box B1 &quot;'''F, P.'''&quot; etc,{{font|size=2|color=blue| ['''USPS''' ''Service Icon'']}}
::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Postage Payment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box C:  Mail Class {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Banner'']}}
::::: Panel or Box D:  Address  {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Address and Delivery Information Segment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box E:  Tracking number/Bar code {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Intelligent Mail package barcode segment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box F:  often times blank ('' sometimes not present'') {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Additional Information and User Segment'']}}

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C1.jpg|right|340px]]

'''PC-C1. StampMaster''', summer 1998. {{space|2}} [RRRR]
: Experimental stamp with negative “S”/Internet Postage logo at top center. 
: At top right are value figures, mail class, &quot;US POSTAGE”, and date. 
: &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; bar code across bottom with town line below at left and identification number below at right.
: Identification number with 061S prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C2.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-C2.1. stamps.com''', 1999.
: As Type PC-C1 but with &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo instead of the '''S''' in oval logo.
: &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at upper left
: At top right are the value figures, date, &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, and town line.
: 2-D barcode PDF417(6} across lower portion
: &quot;STAMPS.COM&quot; is below left of the bar code.
: Identification number with 061S or 062S prefix below right of bar code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt; 
[[File: USA PC-C2 redate.jpg|right|180px]]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;ADDITIONAL POSTAGE&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''b'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''c'''. With bottom line missing, blank below bar code
:: '''d'''. Bottom line present but without bar code
:: '''e'''. With &quot;MAIL TO:&quot; and ZIP code above left of the bar code
:: '''f'''. With nonsense characters across the bottom (''system malfunction'')

'''NOTES''':
* The &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo can vary considerably in size.
* The system could produce a re-date stamp without postage value, as shown (''right'').
* For a similar type inscribed &quot;'''Stamps /Endicia '''&quot; see &quot;'''PC-C8'''&quot;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C3.jpg|right|360px]]
[[File: USA PC-C3 redate.jpg|right|200px]]
'''PC-C2.2.''' 2000. 
: As Type PC-C2.1 but with larger inscriptions.
: Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D &quot;PDF417(6)&quot; barcode.
: Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
[[File:USA stamp type PC2p2 label.jpg|right|360px]]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;ADDITIONAL POSTAGE&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''b'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''c'''. With bottom line missing (blank below bar code)
:: '''d'''. With &quot;MAIL TO:&quot; and ZIP code above left of the bar code
:: '''e'''. With mailer's name replacing town line
:: '''f'''. With &quot;'''FIM'''&quot; barcode at the upper left.

'''NOTES''':
* The NOTES below PC-C2.1 apply to PC-C2.2 also.
* These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right.
* For a similar type inscribed &quot;'''Stamps /Endicia '''&quot; see &quot;'''PC-C8'''&quot;


[[File: USA PC-C4B.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-C2.3.1''' 2005.

: At top left: postage value above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and class of mail. 
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.
: &quot;Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: Basic stamp without framing

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.3.2''' 

: &quot;Stamps / Endicia” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: At top left: postage value above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and class of mail. 
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.
: Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.3.3''' 

: As '''PC-C2.3.2''', [[File: PC-C2.3.3p.png|right|500px]]
: &quot;Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left. 
: Class of mail spelled out below V/F, with type of pricing below
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above customer ID, above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.4.1''' 2005.
:  As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
:  Stamps.com logo right of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode. 
: &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top left above rate statement.
:  Meter number with 062S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. 
:: '''A'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code
::: '''1'''. Basic stamp without framing[[File: USA PC-C5A.jpg|right|400px]]


::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-C5B.jpg|right|540px]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
!
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0005418699
| 
| A7
| B0
| C5
| 11/21/2005
| 02845 
| 
|
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0005715741
|
| A6
| B3
| C1
| 09/06/2011 
| 66030 
| GARDNER, KS
| Box F split horizontally in two, &quot;Thank You&quot; in bottom half.
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 05/28/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/02/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 07/15/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009143056
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 02/20/2018
| 08080
| Mount Holly, NJ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009151784
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/01/2015
| 92154
| San Diego, CA
|
|}


:: '''B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code
::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.

[[File:USA stamp type PC-C2point4b.jpeg|right|400px]]


'''NOTE''': Sub-type '''B''' has been found printed directly onto a plastic bag. See image below.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4 NOTE.JPG|right|300px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C2.4.2''' 2005.
:  As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
:  With &quot;'''stamps / endicia'''&quot; replacing the stamps.com logo right of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode. 
: &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top left above rate statement.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
:: '''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).


::::: '''-1''' Prefix &quot;'''026W'''&quot;
{{font/top|size=2}}
: ’’’Known usage’’’:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! 
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 026W00048272786
| 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 04/11/2022
| 07036
| LINDEN, NJ
| Box F: order info?
|-
| 
|
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
::::: '''-2''' Prefix &quot;'''062S'''&quot;  
{{font/top|size=2}}
[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.png|right|450px]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! 
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A6
| 
| C5
| 01/02/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A6
| 
| C5
| 01/30/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, 
|-
| FS5
| '''E'''
| '''XXXV'''
| 062S0006097059
|
| A19
| B2
| C3
| 11/25/2019
| 45177
| VALENCIA CA
| Order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| III
| 062S0009416802
| 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 05/10/2022
| 14150
|
| Order info, framed
|}
{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

:: '''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.1 250331.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} Similar to &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} New &quot;'''Stamps'''&quot; logo
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Mail class indicator using &quot;'''New Helvetica'''&quot; font as opposed to &quot;'''Arial Block'''&quot; in &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''&quot;.
::: {{space|10}} Prefix &quot;'''063S'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with three lines in upper right and &quot;'''Arial Block'''&quot; font see &quot;'''PC-C2.4.3'''&quot;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-C2.4.2B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). '''Box F''' blank or with Proprietary info.
:::{{space|10}}Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(7) across bottom
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4ccc.jpg|right|450px]]
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0001435225
| 11675116
| A7
| B1
| 
| 02/24/2023
| 91311 
| CHATSWORTH, CA
| BOX F: order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S00014423--
| 8014--
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/12/2022
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442380
| 9726250
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022
| 28674
| PINEHURST, NC
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442584
| 7557381
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/21/2022
| 37211
| NASHVILLE, TN
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442597
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/10/2023
| 90058
| VERNON, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442618
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/10/2023
| 92618
| IRVINE, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442648
| 7535523
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022
| 54115
| DE PERE, WI
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442652
| 7535523
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/16/2022
| 54115
| DE PERE, WI
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442674
| 7460441
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/21/2022
| 63367
| LAKE SAINT LOUIS, MO
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442685
| 9619750
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/11/2023
| 94931
| COTATI, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S000144269-
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/11/2023
| 90058
| VERNON, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5?
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0001443299
| 6080690
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 11/17/2022
| 32174
| ORMOND BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001484855
| 17633955 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 03/08/2023  
| 68048
| PLATTSMOUTH, (NE)
| PC malfunction? Missing Box B2 barcode and insignia
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009145384
| 8290678 
| A1
| B3
| C1
| 02/05/2018
| 98338  
| GRAHAM, WA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0008589402
| 7557381
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022  
| 37211
| NASHVILLE, TN
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0009146178
| 8239329
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022  
| 60543
| OSWEGO, IL
| Box F order info
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009564660
| 7778491
| A1
| B3
| C3
| 10/22/2018
| 91304
| CANOGA PARK, CA
| BOX F with Business Info
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0009564879
| 7733098
| A20
| B6
| C3
| 10/17/2022
| 33619
| TAMPA, FL
|
|-
| FS5?
| '''1'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009565018
| 10860336
| A4
| B0
| C5
| 04/06/2020 
| 33458 
| JUPITER, FL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0010887747
| 8128979
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 06/13/2022
| 33167
| MIAMI, FL
| BOX F with Prop Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''II'''
| 062S0010937521
| 10709064
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 02/08/2021
| 92648
| HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''II'''
| 062S0010984631
| 10354575
| A8
| B2
| C3
| 04/27/2020
| 11791
| SYOSSET, FL (ERROR FOR NY)
| BOX F ORDER Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011128915
| 8051382
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 10/19/2020
| 53715
| MADISON, WI
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011129014
| 8051382
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 09/30/2020
| 53715
| MADISON, WI
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''P'''
| '''IV'''
| 062S0011682632 
| 10232544
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 02/08/2021
| 31558
| SAINT MARYS, GA
| 
|-
| FS4?
| '''P'''
| '''IV'''
| 062S0011682632 
| 10232544
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 09/29/2022
| 31558
| SAINT MARYS, GA
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011692109
| 9897299
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022
| 30101
| ACWORTH, GA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584392
| 5455555
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 10/27/2020
| 33458
| JUPITER, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584433
| 16035441
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022
| 84096
| HERRIMAN, UT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584494  
| 6916215
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022
| 85298
| GILBERT, AZ
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0012584517
| 17771454
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 08/22/2022
| 32401
| PANAMA CITY, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584551 
| 7778491
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 06/12/2020
| 91311 
| CHATSWORTH, CA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584560
| 17663543 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022 
| 27525 
| FUQUAY VARINA, NC
| Please Do Not Bend
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584561
| 8072505
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 06/28/2022 
| 06475 
| OLD SAYBROOK, CT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0013352599
| 10538570
| A1
| B1
| C4
| 09/21/2022 
| 45249
| CINCINNATI, OH
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0013352605
| 8072505 
| A1
| B2
| C3
| 06/28/2022 
| 06475
| OLD SAYBROOK, CT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950040
| 10137355
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/16/2022  
| 38474
| MOUNT PLEASANT, TN
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950074
| 8014787
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022  
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| Box F:Thank You For Your Order
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0014950080
| 8014787
| A5
| B4
| C4
| 12/12/2022  
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| BOX F &quot;Thank you for your order!&quot;
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0014950085
| 9765391
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 11/11/2022
| 84606
| SPRINGVILLE, UT
| BOX F with order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950089
| 9716903
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/02/2022  
| 83442
| AMMON, ID
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950092
| 9728837
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/10/2022  
| 84026
| FORT DUCHESNE, UT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950241 
| 8570771
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/19/2022
| 84062
| PLEASANT GROVE, UT
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950278 
| 17957223
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/03/2023
| 78245
| SAN ANTONIO, TX
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950365
| 580628?
| A6
| B2
| C3
| 09/13/2023
| 75041
| 
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950507 
| 6080690
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 11/17/2022
| 32174
| ORMOND BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950544 
| 10875452
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 03/14/2023
| 19317
| CHADDS FORD, PA
| 
|}
{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-C2.4.2C.0'''. ''2023''
::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). 
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is &quot;'''Arial Nova Bold'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.0 250331.png|right|450px]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0001442545
| 7537397
| A3
| B1
| C7
| 01/22/2024
| 48212
| HAMTRAMCK, MI
| Box F: Order info.

|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001443325
| 11683909
| A2
| B2
| C3
| 06/28/2023
| 46323
| HAMMOND, IN
|
|-
| FS5
| BLACK FILL
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0014949809
| 7542988
| A7
| B1
| 
| 03/25/2024
| 80116
| FRANKTOWN, CO
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950062
| 9717116
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 03/16/2024
| 98467
| UNIVERSITY PL, WA
| Box F: Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950187
| 4998344
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 02/27/2024
| 91761
| ONTARIO, CA
| Box F: Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950544
| 19750766
| A9
| B2
| C7
| 08/22/2024
| 93105
| SANTA BARBARA, CA
| Green band at top and a portion of left
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950560
| 17195820
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 10/12/2023
| 85013
| PHOENIX, AZ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| ?
| 6636835
| A14
| B6
| C7
| 05/01/2024
| 43228
| COLUMBUS, OH
| Box F: Order Info
|}

{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-C2.4.2C.1'''. ''2024''[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.png|right|450px]]
::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). 
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is &quot;'''New Helvetica Bold'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0001443239
| 6928035
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 01/22/2024
| 91733
| EL MONTE, CA
| Box F: Order info.
|}

{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C2.4.3''' 2024.[[File: PC-C2.4.3.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
::: {{space|10}} With new &quot;'''Stamps '''&quot;  logo replacing the stamps / endicia logo at the right of &quot;PDF417(8)&quot; barcode. 
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. 
::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with two lines in upper right and &quot;'''New Helvetica'''&quot; font see &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''&quot;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.4.4''' 2025.[[File: PC-C2.4.4 250802.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
::: {{space|10}} With new &quot;'''Stamps '''&quot;  logo at top right. 
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer's ID number and mailer’s Zip code at top right below &quot;'''Stamps'''&quot; logo. 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-C10.jpg|right|880px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-C2.5. ''' 

'''PC-C2.5.1 ''' 2014.

: Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the &quot;PDF417{8)&quot; barcode.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps.com'''&quot;. With &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; instead of value figures.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.5C.jpg|right|890px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2p5B.jpg|right|860px]]

'''PC-C2.5.2 ''' 2014.

: Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the &quot;PDF417{8)&quot; barcode.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps endicia'''&quot;. 
:: '''A'''.  With value figures: {{spaces|5}} $00'''.'''00
:: '''B'''.  With &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; instead of value figures.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p7.jpg|right|880px]]

'''PC-C2.5.3''' ''2012.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.4 but with date between the &quot;FROM&quot; (ZIP code) and the Stamps.com logo.
: Seen with tracking number at right of the frank, on a customs form.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: PDF417(7) barcode

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC2point6.jpg|right|500px]]


'''PC-C2.6.0.''' ''2015.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.3B but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is right of the value figures rather than below them.
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 

:: '''A'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps.com'''
:: '''B'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''[[File: PC-C2.6B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.6.1.''' ''2025.''
: As Type PC-C2.6.0 but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE imi&quot; is to the right of the value figures.[[File: PC-C2.6.1.png|right|500px]]
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: New '''Stamps''' logo to the right of the bar code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA stamp type PC-G2B.jpg|right|580px]]

'''PC-C2.7.1.'''
: With &quot;DPDF417&quot; barcode as with Types PC-C2.1 through PC-C2.5 but without &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo.
: Top panel contains USPS eagle logo and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; at left.
: Tracking number above the barcode.
: Identification number with 062S prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00, {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Commercial Base Pricing&quot; immediately below the 2D barcode


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-G4B.jpg|right|1000px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G4.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.7.2.'''


: Similar to Type PC-C2.7.1 but very wide imprint with '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo above usps.com (without the eagle-head logo)/ &quot;US POSTAGE / PAID&quot; at left.
: Along the bottom are the weight, date, Mailed from ZIP code, and meter identification number with &quot;062S&quot; prefix.
: ''It appears that this stamp is generated only for International Priority and Express mail services.''
: Two versions are known:
:: '''A'''. Tracking barcode at far left in the panel. Smaller lower panel contains the mail class statement.
:: '''B'''. Smaller stamp, traditional barcode at center of panel, USPS logo at far left. A Customs Declaration statement appears above the traditional barcode. No lower panel containing a mail class statement, and no indication anywhere of the mail service being used.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C2.8''' 2020.

: With barcode as with all previous PC-C2 types but with the value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; at top above the date and &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and ZIP code.

: Below the bar code is the '''stamps endicia''' logo at left and the identification number at right.
: The identification number prefix is uncertain as the stamp we have seen appears to suffer from a software glitch. (See the illustration.)
: PDF417(4) barcode
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

:: '''A'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''  large [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.8.jpg|right|500px]]
:: '''B'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''  small [[File: PC-C2.8B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.9.jpg|right|500px]]
'''PC-C2.9''' 2021.
: Similar to PC-C2.8 but with a rate statement rather than value figures.
: Above the &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; bar code:
:- US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
:- date, Mailed from ZIP [code]
:- weight and rate statement(s)
: Below the bar code: '''stamps endicia''' logo at left and the identification number with 062S prefix at right

:: '''A'''. Large &quot;'''stamps / endicia'''&quot; logo, 062S with 7 digits
:: '''B'''. Small &quot;'''stamps / endicia'''&quot; logo, 062S with 10 digits, FS5 label [[File: PC-C2.9B.png|right|450px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA stamp type PC-C6.jpg|right|140px]]

'''PC-C3.1.''' 2007.
: Stamp with horizontal &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode.
: Small frank with value figures at top above &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot;, class of mail, &quot;FROM&quot; ZIP code, and date.
: Below the date are the stamps.com logo, the barcode, and identification number at bottom.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-C7.jpg|right|195px]]

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2aa.jpg|right|175px]]
'''PC-C3.2.1'''
:  As Type PC-C3.1 but the &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. 
:  '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix.  
:  Town line &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
:: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment)
:: '''b'''. Town line without ZIP code showing &quot;FROM&quot; alone
[[File: USA stamp type PC3p2 label.jpg|right|360px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-C3.2.2'''. '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix.

:: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment)
:: '''c'''. Numeric month in date, as: {{space|4}} 00/00/2018[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2C label.jpeg|right|380px]]
:: '''d'''. With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C3.2.3'''  ''2025''
:  As Type PC-C3.2.1 but the &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. 
: &quot;'''US POSTAGE IMI'''&quot;
:  tHE NEW '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''063S''' prefix.  
:  Town line &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;

[[File: PC-C3.2.3 250217.png|right|360px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTE''': These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right. Other label sizes and shapes exist. See below.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3p3.jpg|right|370px]]

'''PC-C3.3.''' 2018.
: Identification number and Stamps.com logo read down at far right.
: From the top down, point-of-sale data is:
:: Value figures
:: '''US POSTAGE'''
:: mail class
:: ZIP code and date
:: Horizontal IBI Lite bar code
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
'''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3.4 actual.jpg|right|370px]]

'''PC-C3.4.''' 2021.
: As Type PC-C3.3 but with '''stamps /endicia''' at right.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
'''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-C3.2 250115.png|right|150px]]

'''PC-C3.5.''' 2022.
: Most similar to Type PC-C3.1 but without company identification.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 

::::-A [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]&lt;font size=2&gt;&lt;font color=191970&gt;: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
::::-B [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]&lt;font size=2&gt;&lt;font color=191970&gt;: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
[[File:PC-C3.5B 250116.png|right|150px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA PC-F10.jpg|right|940px]]


'''PC-C4.1.1.''' 2002.
:  Very wide design with large &quot;Delivery Confirmation&quot; 1D barcode at center and square Datamatrix barcode at right.
: Above the 2D barcode are the weight, ZIP code, ID# with 062S prefix, and date.
: At far left is the class of mail above “US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID”.
: Without value figures. The &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo is below the 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

 '''PC-C4.1.2.'''. With value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.1.''' (&quot;stamps.com&quot; logo below 2D barcode)[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1D.jpg|right|940px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C4.2.1.'''. With &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo and value figures at top above the 2D barcode: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 (&quot;stamps.com&quot; logo at top)[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10B.jpg|right|940px]]

:: '''a'''. Without tracking barcode at center[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10aa.jpg|right|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C4.2.2.'''. Without value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.2.1.''' 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}


'''PC-C4.3.'''. As '''PC-C4.1.1.''', with new company  logo, '''stamps indicia'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1E.jpg|right|940px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9 complete.jpg|right|540px]]


'''PC-C5.1.''' 2011.
:  The point-of-sale text is immediately to the left of the square Datamatrix barcode rather than above. 
: The frank appears unframed at the top of an address label.
: Identification number with 062S prefix.  
: The country name is not in or near the frank, but &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; is found at bottom below the mail class.
: With value figures
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C5.2.'''. As '''PC-C5.1.''',Without value figures[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9B.jpeg|right|540px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C5.3.'''. As '''PC-C5.2.''', with new company  logo, '''stamps / endicia'''[[File: PC-C5.3.png|right|540px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C6.1.''' 2020. [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3.jpg|right|390px]]

: ”'''stamps/endicia'''” logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and code. V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
'''PC-C6.2.'''. As'''PC-C6.1.''', Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top

: ”'''stamps/endicia'''” logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S or 071S prefix.

:::: '''A'''. Small Mail Class letter, shorter than the barcode.[[File:PC-C4.3B2.png|right|450px]]

::::: '''-1'''. Prefix &quot;'''061S'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0001442198
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Jul 05 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0001442222
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Jun 07 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0009761530
| 13928181
| A7
| B1
| 
| Feb 02 2023
| 48375
| NOVI, MI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''X'''
| 062S0010968105
| 12429570
| A10
|
| C6
| Sep 20 2022
| 32207
| JACKSONVILLE, FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0012584411
| 17222940
| A10
| 
| C6
| Aug 22 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0013352605
| 17222940
| A10
|
| C6
| Aug 22 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0014950307
| 17222940
| A1
| B2
| C6
| Nov 10 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0014949919
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Sep 04 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0014950343
| 11746372
| A1
| B2
| C6
| Mar 06 2023
| 11716
| BOHEMIA NY
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''-2'''. Prefix &quot;'''071S'''&quot;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 071S00894672
| 
| A10
| 
| C6
| Apr 15 2022
| 90021
| (RIALTO CA)
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 071S00894672
| 
| A10
| 
| C6
| Feb 09 2023
| 90021
| (NEWARK NJ)
|
|}

{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::: '''B'''. Large Mail Class letter, taller than the barcode.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3B.jpg|right|450px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''SE1''' and '''SE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F7.jpg|right|540px]]
[[File: USA PC-F8.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-C6.3.1.''' 2002.[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|6px]]V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: Downloaded directly from the Stamps.com web site. 
: Square Datamatrix barcode at right with &quot;stamps.com&quot; reading up to its right. 
: Text left justified as follows: 
: Value figures at top above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, ID number, and ZIP code
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C6.3.2.''' Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; above date, ID# with 062S prefix, ZIP code, rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C7 ''' 2023. [[File: PC-C7.png|right|400px]]

: DataMatrix 2-D barcode at right
: Manufacturer's logo is to the right of the &quot;DataMatrix(4)&quot; barcode.
: &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps endicia'''&quot;. 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C8.''' 2025. [[File: PC-C8 250601.png|right|360px]]

: Similar to types &quot;'''PC-C2.1, PC-C2.2'''&quot;
: Corporate logo as &quot;'''Stamps / Endicia '''&quot;
: Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D &quot;PDF417(3)&quot; barcode.
: With &quot;'''FIM'''&quot; barcode at upper left
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00


'''NOTES''':
* These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-D: Franks from Pitney Bowes software, ID numbers with 02#P, 02#W, or 07#P prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* The earlier stamps show logos consisting of an eagle's head and wing. Later stamps are generic, text and bar code only, but most include &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; in the design. One stamp, Type PC-D4, does not include the company name and is identifiable as a Pitney Bowes product only by the identification number with &quot;02&quot; prefix.
* Identification number prefixes seen so far are 022P, 024P, 022W, 026W and 071P.
* Pitney Bowes PC stamps began field testing in the Washington DC area in December 1998.

{{font/end}}
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0A.jpg|right|415px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0B.jpg|right|415px]]
'''PC-D0. “ClickStamp Online”''', probably 1998. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare'']
: Experimental stamp with small eagle profile image at upper right. Left of the eagle are the date, value figures,  and “US POSTAGE” with three stars. Above the “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode field are the identification number at left and “Mailed From Zip Code” and ZIP code.

: Identification number with 022P000230 prefix.
:: '''A'''. The type font is somewhat heavy. The &quot;P&quot; in the ID number has no serif. Three reported:
::: 1) ID number 022P0002300165, ZIP code 20260 
::: 2) ID number 022P0002306771, ZIP code 20032
::: 3) ID number 022P0002307167, ZIP code 13057
:: '''B'''. The type font is somewhat lighter. The &quot;P&quot; in the ID number has serif at bottom. ID number 022P0002306600, ZIP code 20260
: V/F: {{space|2}} $ ~0.00&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; 
 
: '''NOTE''': This stamp type was previously cataloged as an essay (ESY-DB4.4) until verifiably postally used covers were identified.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|right|415px]]

'''PC-D1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 21 April 1999. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare'']
: Experimental stamp with eagle with wavy wing below &quot;FIM&quot; barcode. 
: Stamp with “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode.
: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, date, value figures, ZIP code, and identification number stacked at right.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: Class of mail vertical at left side.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o
 
: '''NOTE''': When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2A.jpg|right|415px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2B.jpg|right|430px]]

'''PC-D2.1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 2000. 
: Similar to Type PC-D1 but straight eagle's wing above &quot;PITNEY BOWES&quot;. 
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
:: '''A'''. Inscribed &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; with stops. &quot;MAILED FROM ZIP CODE&quot; one line, all capitals.
:: '''B'''. Inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; without stops. &quot;Mailed from ZIP Code&quot; in two lines, mixed case.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o

'''NOTES''':
: 1)  When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red.
: 2)  The system allows for a re-date stamp without postage value (as shown below).

: 3)  Pitney Bowes required at least some users of ClickStamp Online to send them a sample print once a year on an envelope marked withe the components of the user's system. (Example shown below right.)

[[File: USA PC-E3 redate.jpg|left|330px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2.1 NOTE 3.jpeg|right|500px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E4.jpg|right|390px]]

'''PC-D2.2. “ClickStamp Online”'''. 
: This is the postage correction frank used with the software system that produced type PC-D2.1.
: The eagle is larger than with type PC-D2.1 and in line with the date which is above &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; rather than below.
: Large “POSTAGE CORRECTION” below eagle.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: Without town line or ZIP code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]]
{{font/top|size=2|color=red}}
'''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label, they will referenced as follows'''
::::: Panel or Box A:  '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'')
::::: Panel or Box B:  oftentimes subdivided  
::::::: Box B1 &quot;'''F, P.'''&quot; etc, 
::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number
::::: Panel or Box C:  Mail Class
::::: Panel or Box D:  Address 
::::: Panel or Box E:  Tracking number/Bar code
::::: Panel or Box F:  often times blank ('' sometimes not present'')
{{font/end}}
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p1A.jpg|right|345px]]
[[File: USA PC-F6.jpg|right|515px]]

'''PC-D3.1A. &quot;Shipstream Manager&quot;'''. 
: As with PC-D1 through PC-D2.3, with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; or &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;, date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above barcode.
: Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and the ID number with 071P prefix. 
: Basic stamp without framing. Top line contains value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;. 
::: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.1B. &quot;Shipstream Manager&quot;'''. 
: Box B2 &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; or &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;, date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below. Top line &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;.  With rate statement instead of value figures.
: No Box A, Box B the dividing line extends the entire height of the box. 
: Identification number  071P prefix

:: '''A'''. &quot;'''FCM'''&quot; in Box B1
::: '''a'''.  Box B2 &quot;'''US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID'''&quot;/DATE    &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; / / &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode / &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;     Identification number
:::: '''1'''. Box C: &quot;'''USPS FIRST CLASS'''&quot;
::::: '''-a'''. Box B2: 3rd line &quot;1oz First-Class Parcel rate&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD5''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1A.jpg|right|530px]]
[[File: USA PC-G1B.jpg|right|550px]]

'''PC-D3.2.''' 
: Found only on labels downloaded from internet vendor eBay. 
: In panel across the top are the USPS eagle logo at left and the '''eBay''' logo at right.
: Inside the stamp frame: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; and rate statement centered above the &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and the identification number with 024P prefix.
: Large rate indicator in frame at left.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil
: {{font|size=2|color=red|See also '''PC-D3.3B.6'''}}

:: '''A'''. With value figures
:: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3'''.
: Similar to Type PC-D3.2,
: A large label formatted with as many as 7 subsections (&quot;'''boxes'''&quot;)
: Below &quot;'''Box A'''&quot; if present, or at the top there are two boxes (&quot;'''Box B1'''&quot; at the left and &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; at the right)
: Within &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; is the “'''PDF417(7)'''” 2D barcode there is nothing above the barcode. 
: Also within &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; are 3 '''stacks''', 
: '''Stack B2.1''' &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; (''or variation''), date, “From” and ZIP code, weight, and optionally a Zone number are stacked at left.
: '''Stack B2.2''' Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and a rate statement or statements at the center. 
: '''Stack B2.3''' Meter number/ID number at right.
: The ID number has 022W, 024P, or 026W prefix.
: In a smaller box at left (&quot;'''Box B1'''&quot;) is a large letter code representing the mail class.
: In a wide box (&quot;'''Box C'''&quot;) below &quot;'''Box B1'''&quot; and &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; is the class of mail.
: If present the value figures appear above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;.
: '''Labels may be framed or unframed'''
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3A'''. With value figures
: A large label with 6 boxes &quot;'''FS5'''&quot;(&quot;'''Boxes B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''&quot;)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3A1'''.
:: '''Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3A2'''.   '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date   [[File: PC-D3.3A3.png|right|500px]]
:: '''A'''. '''026W'''  &lt;font size=1&gt;over 10-digit number starting with&lt;/font&gt; 0004

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897241
| CommPrice
| 06/20/2023
| 32961
| VERO BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897622
| CommPrice
| 10/18/2023
| 29568
| 
| 
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
:: '''B'''. '''028W'''  &lt;font size=1&gt;over 10-digit number starting with&lt;/font&gt; 0002

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310688
| CommPrice
| 05/11/2024
| 34293
| VENICE FL
| 
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3A3'''.   '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date as &quot;'''PC-D3.3A3'''&quot;, Box A with &quot;'''UNITED STATES / POSTAL SERVICE ®'''&quot; and emblem on left.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B'''. With rate statement

'''PC-D3.3B.1'''.[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3.jpg|right|500px]]

::''' Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date

'''PC-D3.3B.1A'''.  Prefix &quot;'''21B'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0050723999
| CommPrice
| 07/20/2022
| 07112
| Newark NJ
| Box F: order data
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0060312094
| CommPrice
| 11/28/2022
| 07036
| Linden NJ
| Box F: order data
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0060494251
| CommPrice
| 11/28/2022
| 90670
| Santa fe springs CA
| Box F: order data
|}

'''PC-D3.3B.1B'''.  Prefix &quot;'''26W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
|
| '''P'''
| '''VII'''
| 026W0004897242
| ComPlsPrice
| 11/25/2020
| 07419
|
|
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 026W0004897590
| 
| 01/02/2021
| 97239
| Portland OR
|
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 026W0004897774
| CommPlsPrice
| 07/31/2020
| 60490
| Bolingbrook IL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897814
| CommPrice
| 01/08/2021
| 91304
| Los Angeles CA
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897894
|
|
| 54843
|
|


|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.1C''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4A.0.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.1A.B''' but with customer ID at lower right
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE''' above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''VII'''
| 026W0004897326
| 3000093152
| ComPlsPrice
| 12/04/2020
| 91706
| IRWINDALE CA
| ID numbers in larger font
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897491
| 3000008007
| CommPrice
| 05/23/2019
| 48114
| BRIGHTON MI
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.2'''.[[File: PC-D3.3B.1.png|right|500px]]

:: '''Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE / PAID''' in two lines  above the date


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
| 12/29/2021
| 54843 
| Hayward WI
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.3A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.3.png|right|500px]]
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W [[File: PC-D3.3B.3A-H 2501002.png|right|500px]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''H'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0002310502
| CommPrice
| 08/04/2025
| 33068
| North Lauderdale FL
| &quot;'''HAZMAT-Surface Transportation Only'''&quot;
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897241
| CommPrice
| 01/26/2023
| 13147
| SCIPIO CENTER NY
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897242 
| CommPrice
| 08/16/2022
| 93943
| MONTEREY CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897400
| CommPrice
| 05/24/2023
| 16063
| ZELIENOPLE PA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897451
| CommPrice
| 11/24/2023
| 95240
| LODI CA
|
|-
| PS4
| '''P'''
| '''XIII'''
| 026W0004897525
| CommPrice
| 10/23/2023
| 98239
| COUPEVILLE WA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| PS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897591
| CommPrice
| 03/07/2022
| 92404
| SAN BERNARDINO CA
| 
|-
| PS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 02/02/2022
| 92404
| SAN BERNARDINO CA
| 
|-
| PS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 12/06/2023
| 81413
| CEDAREDGE CO
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| PS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897778
| CommPrice
| 02/27/2023
| 76013
| PANTEGO TX
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 026W0004897790
| CommPrice
| 11/01/2022
| 08110
| PENNSAUKEN NJ
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897812
| CommPrice
| 11/25/2023
| 11432
| JAMAICA NY
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897816
| CommPrice
| 08/22/2022
| 33770
| LARGO FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897817
| CommPrice
| 06/20/2023
| 77030
| HOUSTON TX
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897878
| CommPrice 
| 08/25/2022
| 66505
| MANHATTAN KS
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
| 01/23/2023
| 08110
| PENNSAUKEN NJ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897895
| CommPrice
| 02/04/2022
| 45806
| CRIDERSVILLE OH
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897895
| CommPrice
| 11/21/2023
| 95628
| FAIR OAKS CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897939
| CommPrice
| 03/28/2022
| 55304
| ANDOVER MN
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897942
| CommPrice
| 04/29/2022
| 06514
| HAMDEN CT
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004898023
| CommPrice
| 09/23/2022
| 75150
| MESQUITE TX
|
|}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.3B'''
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date [[File: PC-D3.3B.3B 250415.png|right|500px]]
:: Meter numbers: 028W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310364
| CommPrice
| 03/18/2024
| 96003
| REDDING CA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311094
| CommPrice
| 02/05/2024
| 34222
| ELLENTON FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311094
| CommPrice
| 08/22/2024
| 11735
| FARMINGDALE NY
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311374
| CommPrice
| 02/22/2024
| 33436
| BOYNTON BEACH FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311472
| CommPrice
| 03/04/2025
| 92376
| RIALTO CA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.4A.1''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 026W0004897241
| 3001124484
| ComPlsPrice
| 06/17/2022
| 93380
| VISALIA CA
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.4A.2''' 
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 028W


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 028W0002310218 
| 3000559694
| 
| 02/03/2023
| 98144
| SEATTLE WA
| Box F: order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 028W0002310350
| 3001704288
| CommPrice
| 02/03/2023
| 80907
| COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B.4B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4B.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
:: Meter numbers: 028W


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310174
| 3002184618
| CommPrice
| 07/08/2024
| 60647
| CHICAGO IL
| 
|-
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.5A''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5a.png|right|500px]]
:: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' 
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897798
| CommPrice
| 01/24/2023
| 30907
| MARTINEZ GA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.5B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5B.png|right|500px]]
:: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' 
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 028W
:: Customer Identification Number below meter number

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B.6'''
:: A large label with 6 sections, 7 boxes  (&quot;'''Boxes A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''&quot;)
:: A box (&quot;'''Box A''') across the top containing the USPS eagle logo and &quot;UNITED STATES/ POSTAL SERVICE&quot; at left and a mailer's logo or identification at right. 
:: {{font|size=2|color=red|'''NOTE:''' ''For examples with'' '''Penalty of Fines Under 18 / USC 3571 for Private Use''' ''see'' '''OO-M1'''}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6A'''
:: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3,  US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6A.1A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.1.png|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;
: identification number starts with &quot;'''026W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897242
| CommPrice
| 01/08/2022
| 19565
| WERNERSVILLE PA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897486
| CommPrice
| 08/19/2023
| 76002
| ARLINGTON TX
|
|-
| FS6
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897525
| CommPrice
| 10/24/2023
| 35952
| SNEAD AL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897623
| CommPrice
| 05/08/2023
| 50010
| AMES IA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''P'''
| 
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
|
| 30513
|
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| 
| 026W0004897941
| CommPrice
|
| 60108
|
|
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6A.1B'''
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;
: identification number starts with &quot;'''028W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310428
| 
| 06/18/2024
| 60512
| MONTGOMERY IL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 028W0002310575
| 
| 05/31/2024
| 34677
| OLDSMAR FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311092
| CommPrice
| 06/13/2024
| 11103
| ASTORIA NY
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6B'''
:: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3,  US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6B.1'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.11.png|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897813
| CommPrice
| 06/30/2022
| 07111
| IRVINGTON NJ
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6C'''
:: '''Box B2'''   &quot;'''US POSTAGE / AND FEES PAID'''&quot; in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6C.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3C.jpg|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with “'''www.pitneybowes.com'''”

{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: For labels of this type used by an US Government Agency and with a Penalty statement see type &quot;'''OO-M1'''&quot;}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897572
| CommPrice
| 06/29/2021
| 76155
| 
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6D'''
:: '''Box B2'''   &quot;'''US POSTAGE'''&quot; in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6D.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3dd.jpg|right|500px]]

: '''Box A''' with “'''www.paypal.com'''”


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6?
| '''X'''
| '''X'''
| 026W0004897485
| CommPrice
| 11/25/2020
| 55422
| 
|}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p4.jpg|right|530px]]
'''PC-D3.4'''
: Similar to PC-D3.3 but with tracking number added above the PDF417 2D barcode.
: Stacked at left of the 2D barcode are &quot;usps.com&quot;, the value figures, &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, a rate statement, and in the bottom corner, the date.
: Centered below the 2D barcode are “Mailed from” and ZIP code and “024P”.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}}  $00'''.'''00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|color=green|'''''NOTE: The stamp previously cataloged as Type PC-D3.5 is now a sub-type of PC-D3.3.'''''}}
[[File: PC-D3.5.png|right|1000px]]

'''PC-D3.5'''
: &quot;'''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI'''&quot; in two lines
: Unboxed rate class designation letter
: &quot;'''PDF417(7)'''&quot; 2-D barcode on right
: Meter Identification on right above customer Identification number
: Meter identification number: 028W followed by 10 digits
: On customs declaration form (CD)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D4.1.'''
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G6.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
: Similar to Type PC-D3.4 but in wider format with the tracking barcode at far left.
: Meter number seen with &quot;024P&quot; prefix.
: With value figures below &quot;PAID&quot;.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  $0'''.'''00
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.2.'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.7.jpeg|right|1000px]]

: Wide format as with PC-D4.1 but &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and the mail class are at far left with the tracking barcode below.
: The postage data is found below the PDF417 barcode, as follows:
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix
:: Pitney Bowes (with &quot;CommPrice&quot; [or value figures?] below)
:: date
:: &quot;From&quot; ZIP code
:: weight
:: (destination) zone

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.3.'''[[File: PC-D4.3.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.2 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot; 
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.4.'''[[File: PC-D4.4 250914.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.4 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot; at right above Identification number.
:: Two black bars complete from left to right
:: ID# with &quot;028W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.1.'''
: At right is the square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode.
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix
: At left: date/ ZIP code/ weight
: Always found on framed address label, and never with value figures.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.1A.''' [[File: USA PC-F9.jpg|right|500px]]
: At left solid block rate code indicator
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix at base


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.1B.'''[[File: PC-D5.1B.png|right|500px]]
: At left outline rate code indicator
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix in middle

::: '''-1'''. Meter identification number positioned as in the illustration  for '''PC-D5.1A.'''
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.2.''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B.jpg|right|307px]]
: Similar to Type PC-D4.1 but &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; is vertical reading up at left.
: The rate, date, ZIP code, and weight are stacked between &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; (italicized) at top and the identification number at bottom.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: &quot;'''Found only on International postage/address/customs forms purchased online from the USPS web site.'''&quot;
: The complete form is shown reduced at right. Occurs in at least two types:
::::{{space|5}}  Type I {{space|5}}  &quot;To/From&quot; horizontal
::::{{space|5}}  Type II {{space|4}}  &quot;To/From&quot; vertical
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 or nil
:{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: &quot;'''For labels of this type the collector should save the whole form'''&quot;}}


:: '''A'''. With &quot;ONLINE DISCOUNT RATE&quot; below US POSTAGE PAID  
:: '''B'''. With postage paid shown in dollars and cents [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9point1B.jpg|right|307px]]
:: '''C'''. Without rate, blank between US POSTAGE PAID and the date


[[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B document.jpg|right|800px]]
[[File: PC-D5.2z.png|right|800px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.3. “Shipstream Manager”''', 2006.[[File: USA PC-F11.jpg|right|888px]]
: Very wide design with square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode at right and large tracking barcode at center.
: Above the 2D barcode are the date, ZIP code, weight, and &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;.
: Below the 2D barcode is the ID number with 024P prefix.
: At far left is “US POSTAGE PAID” above the class of mail.
:: '''A'''. With rate statement instead of value figures.
:: '''B'''. With value figures above the date


[[File: USA stamp type PC-D4point3B.jpeg|right|888px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3point1.jpg|right|570px]]

'''PC-D5.4. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''', 2011. 
:  As Type PC-D4.5 but with &quot;www.pbSmartPostage.com&quot; instead of the eBay logo. 
:  Identification number with 024P prefix.
:: '''A'''. With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00
:: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Commercial Base Pricing&quot; immediately below the &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.5.''' (presumed to be '''“Shipstream Manager”'''), 2013.[[File: USA stamp type PC-F15.jpg|right|888px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D4.3 but with the elements rearranged.
: The identification number, date, &quot;From&quot; Zip code, and weight are below the square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode.
: The tracking barcode is at far left rather than center.
: At near left of the Datamatrix barcode is &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;.
: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; and the mail class are at far left above the tracking barcode.
:  Identification number with 024P prefix.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


:: '''A'''. With value figures above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
:: '''B'''. Without value figures

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.6. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''', 2006. 

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00 {{space|2}} [scarce]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.7. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' [[File: USA PC-G3B.jpg|right|495px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  Without value figures but with rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.8. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-G3D.jpg|right|530px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  V/F: {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.9. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' 

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  With value figures or without but with rate statement
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.9A.'''[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3C.jpg|right|530px]]

:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629585
| ComBasPrice
| 12/28/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
| 
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629647
| ComBasPrice
| 02/10/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629652
| ComBasPrice
| 06/21/2014
| 10509
| BREWSTER NY
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XV'''
| 024P0007629756
| 
| 03/17/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629758
| ComBasPrice
| 12/11/2012
| 32812
| ORLANDO FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629777
| ComBasPrice
| 03/15/2017
| 17362
| SPRING GROVE PA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007632129
| ComBasPrice
| 06/01/2019
| 85203
| MESA AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XV'''
| 024P0007776044
| 
| 02/25/2016
| 32701
| ALTAMONTE SPG FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776131
| ComBasPrice
| 02/10/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776147
| ComBasPrice
| 10/17/2016
| 76251
| MONTAGUE TX
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776172
| ComBasPrice
| 11/27/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776173
| ComBasPrice
| 08/18/2015
| 20904
| SILVER SPRING MD
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776210
| ComBasPrice
| 10/27/2015
| 33187
| MIAMI FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776653
| ComBasPrice
| 09/12/2016
| 12992
| WEST CHAZY NY
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776711
| ComBasPrice
| 10/12/2016
| 60543
| OSWEGO IL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007875935
| ComBasPrice
| 01/20/2015
| 85211
| MESA AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007875935
| ComBasPrice
| 10/06/2015
| 33161
| FLORIDA CITY FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876028
| ComBasPrice
| 01/12/2019
| 22301
| ALEXANDRIA VA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876132
| ComBasPrice
| 11/10/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876761
| ComBasPrice
| 10/13/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876771
| ComBasPrice
| 03/12/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.png|right|475px]]

:  Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.1 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  As with &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.0.''' Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  F/V $(0)0.00 above 4 lines at left of Box B2


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.2.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.2 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  As with &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.1.''' Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Font in Boxes B2 and C &quot;'''USPSIMB'''&quot; (either Compact or Standard?)
:  F/V $(0)0.00 above 2 lines at left of Box B2


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9C.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.0 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  In &quot;Box A&quot; at upper right &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;
:  &quot;Box B2&quot; 4 lines at left, Date/Zip Code/ Weight/ Zone


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9C.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.1 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  In &quot;Box A&quot; at upper right &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;
:  &quot;Box B2&quot; 2 lines at left, Date/Zip Code


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D5.7.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-D6.0''', 2021. 
:  Similar to PC-D5.2 but with '''Pitney Bowes''' at the top of the point-of-sale data stacked at left of the Datamatrix barcode. 
:  Datamatrix barcode (DM4) 19 mm square, with 4 data blocks
:  Below '''Pitney Bowes''' are the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''' or '''US POSTAGE IMI''', a mail class statement.
:   a ten-digit number, &quot;3000156428&quot; evidently the customer identification number, the ZIP code and the date.
:  V/F: $0.00o 
:  This stamp arises from the new partnership between eBay and Pitney Bowes for &quot;eBay Delivery Service&quot; shipping.

:: '''A'''.  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE''', identification number with 026W prefix,
:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;


'''NOTE''': Type PC-D6 is nearly identical in appearance to Type QB7. They differ only in color and in the ten-digit number that appears below the identification number, '''black''' and '''3''' for PC-D5.7, and '''red''' and '''2''' for QB7.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D6.1.0''', 2024.
:  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left, Datamatrix barcode 20 mm square, with 4 data blocks, identification number with 026W prefix,
:  Datamatrix barcode 15 mm square, with 4 data blocks, or 27mm square,
:  Identification number with 026W prefix,

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D6.1.1''', 2024.
:  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left,
:  Datamatrix barcode 18-19 mm  with 4 data blocks, 
:  Identification number with 028W prefix,

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-E: Franks from Envelope Manager (Endicia) software, ID numbers mostly with 07#V prefix but also 07#M, 07#S, 06#S and without ID number}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* All the stamps have a generic design, bar code and text. The earlier stamps include &quot;endicia.com&quot; in the design and later ones are identifiable only by the identification number which is most commonly 071V although 071M and 071S are also found. From 2024 on, 062, and 063 are also found. An exception is Type PC-E2.2, Sub-type A, which does not show an identification number.
* When first released (February 2001) the system was labeled by Indicia as &quot;'''DAZzle 2000'''&quot;.

* On November 18, 2015 Stamps.com (see Sub-group PC-C) acquired Endicia. In 2024, Stamps.com and Endicia were once again seperate, being individual divisions under a holding company.
{{font/end}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE1''' in 2001 edition''}}

'''PC-E1.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2000. [[File: USA PC-F2A.jpg|right|316px]]
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: “US POSTAGE” at top right. 
: Stacked at center: value figures / class of mail / date / town line. 
: ID# with 071M, 071S, or 071V prefix at bottom right.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000


::'''PC-E1.1A'''. Basic stamp without framing


::: '''a'''.  Top portion above 2D barcode shifted far to the left (shown at right). This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F2aa.jpg|right|316px]]
::: '''b'''.  With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of '&quot;endicia.com&quot; at bottom left
::: '''c'''.  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left.


::'''PC-E1.1B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F2B.jpg|right|500px]]


::'''PC-E1.1C''' As '''PC-E1.1A''' but with &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at bottom left of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.


::: '''a'''.  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left.


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F3A.jpg|right|310px]]


'''PC-E1.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: As Type PC-E1.1 but the point-of-sale data is at left rather than in the center, and the sequence of data is different. 
: At top left: value figures/ date/ rate information
: At top right: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;/ &quot;Mailed from ZIP...&quot;
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left
: Identification number with 071V prefix
: Never with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode.
: V/F: $0'''.'''00


:: '''PC-E1.2A'''. Basic stamp without framing


::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.
::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.2A-b.png|right|800px]]


:: '''PC-E1.2B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F3B.jpg|right|500px]]


::: '''d'''. Without rate information below the date[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p2dd.jpg|right|500px]]


:: '''PC-E1.2C'''. &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users


'''PC-E1.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: Similar to Type PC-E1.2 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: “POSTAGE AND FEES PAID” at top above date, ZIP code, and rate statement. 
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left


::'''PC-E1.3A'''. Basic stamp without framing [[File: USA PC-F4A.jpg|right|324px]]
::: Identification number with 071V prefix


::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F4bb.jpg|right|415px]]


::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.3A-b.png|right|800px]]


::'''PC-E1.3B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F4B.jpg|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 071V prefix


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Line A Equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''FCM'''
| '''XVI'''
| 071V00515554
| A13
| 
| OCT 27 2011
| 55337
| BURNSVILLE MN
| NO TRACKING BARCODE
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A11
| Commercial Base Price
| JAN 5 2015
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
| 
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| APR 12 2016
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| JAN 3 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| FEB 17 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA||-
| 
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| MAR 1 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA||-
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''FCM'''
| '''XVI'''
| 071V00548099
| A13
| 
| APR 17 2007
| 83333
|
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| solid black
| '''VIII'''
| 071V00682520
| A7
| 
| FEB 6 2009
| 80922
| COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
|-
| '''FS3'''
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 071V01059238
| A11
| Commercial Plus Price
| SEP 8 2020
| 30071
| NORCROSS GA
|
|}
{{font/end}}


::: '''e'''. As '''B''', with question mark after the mail class statement: '''PRIORITY MAIL 2-DAY?'''
::::  (This may be a computer error with the question mark printing in place of a registration mark (''R in circle'').)[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E1p3ee.jpg|right|500px]]


::: '''f'''. Without the &quot;Box C&quot; containing the class of mail below the frank [[File: USA stamp type PC-E3p1ff.jpg|right|400px]]


::: '''g'''. &quot;Box E&quot; with USPS emblem at left, no tracking info[[File: PC-E1.3B-g.png|right|300px]]


::: '''h'''. &quot;Box E&quot; with USPS emblem at left, endicia emblem at right[[File: PC-E1.3B-h.png|right|300px]]


::'''PC-E1.3C'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users[[File: USA PC-F4aa.jpg|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 071M prefix


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::'''PC-E1.3D'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with &quot;'''endicia'''&quot; at lower left, [[File: PC-E1.3D.png|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 062S prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p4.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-E1.4. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: Similar to Type PC-E1.3B but with logo and &quot;'''endicia'''&quot; at upper right.
: The ID number is above the 2D bar code at right.
: The date is below the mail class designation at left.
: Identification number with &quot;071V&quot; prefix.
: Seem on large label that includes customs information.


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F5.jpg|right|530px]]

'''PC-E2.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) ''', 2002.
: Found only on the top of large address labels downloaded directly from the USPS web site. 
: In wide box at right is the 2D &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: To the left of the 2D barcode are &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; vertical, &quot;WWW.USPS.COM&quot;, value figures, and date.
: A series of nine 4-digit numbers is above the 2D barcode, and the ZIP code and identification number with 071V prefix are below.
: Very large “P” (for Priority Mail) or “E” (for Express Mail) in box at left. 
: Across the bottom is the class of mail spelled out.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00  [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|15px]]$00'''.'''00


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G2 B.jpg|right|580px]]

'''PC-E2.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. 
: Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo at right.
: This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1.
: Identification number, with 071V prefix, at right of the ZIP code

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00

:: '''Note'''. For similar item without identification number see &quot;'''PC-G3'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-E2.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. [[File: USA stamp type PC-G5.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
: Nearly identical to Types PC-C5.2 (Stamps.com) and PC-D3.3 (Pitney Bowes) except for the identification number which has &quot;071V&quot; prefix.


'''PC-E3.1. Endicia.com ''', 2010.

: Square &quot;DataMatrix&quot; barcode at right with company identity reading down at far right.
: Text from top, at left of barcode: &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot;, mail class (''may be omitted''), date (mmm dd yyyy), ZIP code, rate statement (''may be omitted''), &quot;CommBasePrice&quot; or &quot;CommPlusPrice&quot; (''may be omitted'')
: Later stamps also include a second, more specific, rate statement. (''see the image for &quot;b&quot; below'')
: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode.


:: '''A1'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (longer than DataMatrix is tall), barred &quot;I&quot; font[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12 better.jpg|right|520px]]

::: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::::: '''c'''. Printed on short label containing tracking bar code but not the destination address[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p1cc.jpg|right|320px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::::: '''e'''. Datamatrix bar code field contains vertical bars, probably caused by a malfunction [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E2p1ee.jpg|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''A2.1'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred &quot;I&quot; font 

::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''b'''. Text at top truncated: &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES P&quot;[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12bb.jpg|right|550px]]

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label type
! Box  B1 TYPE
! Box C type
! Meter number
! Line A equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip code
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''P'''
| XXXIII
| 071S00799149
| A17
| Commercial Plus Pricing
| Nov 27 2017
| 37801
| MARYVILLE TN
| 
|-
| FS4
| Black
| VIII
| 071S00773763
| A7
|
| Dec 19 2017
| 30605
| ATHENS GA
|
|-
| FS4
| Black
| VIII
| 071S00773763
| A7
|
| Dec 22 2017
| 30605
| ATHENS GA
|
|-
| 
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00913234
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice
| Aug 04 2014
| 33351
| SUNRISE FL
| subtype &quot;b&quot;
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00917592
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice 
| Feb 11 2014
| 11220
| BROOKLYN NY
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00917592
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice 
| Oct 11 2014
| 11220
| BROOKLYN NY
|
|}

:: '''A2.2'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred &quot;I&quot; font [[File:PC-E3.1A2.png|right|550px]]

::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''f'''. Datamatrix bar code field is wider than tall, not square [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.1ff.jpg|right|380px]]

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label type
! Box  B1 TYPE
! Box C type
! Meter number
! Line A equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip code
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| black box
| VIII
| 071V00908463
| A16
| 
| Dec 21 2017
| 75104
| CEDAR HILL TX
| 2 copies, framed
|-
| FS4
| '''P'''
| XXXIII
| 071V00970570
| A17
| CommercialBasePrice
| Jun 05 2018
| 28052
|
| shorter Enddicia on right
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}


:: '''B1'''. Company identity is a round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; (''first seen in late 2018'')

::: Unframed
::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode.

:::::'''-1''' Top two lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-1.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::::'''-2''' All but top line and fifth line bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-2.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::::'''-3''' All lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-3.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''B2'''. Company identity is a round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.1B.jpg|right|540px]]

::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode.

:  ''subtypes unknown ''
::::: '''a'''. Datamatrix barcode field omitted
::::: '''d'''. Printed without the tracking bar code


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12point1.jpg|right|520px]]

'''PC-E3.2. Endicia.com''', 2014.
: Similar to Type PC-E3.1 with square &quot;DataMatrix&quot; barcode, but the value figures are at upper left and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; is alone at top center.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00


[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p3.jpg|right|340px]]

'''PC-E3.3A. Endicia.com''', 2015.
: Similar to Types PC-E3.1 and PC-E3.2 but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is lower, below the date and ZIP code.
: The value figures are at far left.
: One seen, with &quot;FIM&quot; bar code at upper left.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: '''endicia.com''' reads down.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3p3B.jpg|right|365px]]

'''PC-E3.3B. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: '''endicia.com''' reads up.


Note:  Items formersly listed as &quot;'''PC-E3.3C'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.3D'''&quot; are now listed  as &quot;'''PC-E3.8.1'''&quot; AND &quot;'''PC-E3.8.2'''&quot; RESPECTIVELY.
      

[[File:USA stamp type PC-E2p4.jpg|right|520px]]

'''PC-E3.4. Endicia.com''', 2016.
: Similar to Type PC-E3.1 but inscribed &quot;U.S. POSTAGE PAID&quot; without &quot;AND FEES&quot;. Also the inscription is centered rather than high.
: Below &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; is &quot;From ZIP ##### and a rate statement.
: Rather than a large mail classification code, the mailer's name and address is found in the box at left.
: ID# with 071S prefix seen.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.5.jpeg|right|410px]]

'''PC-E3.5. Endicia.com''', 2018.
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types but with round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; horizontal at bottom left instead of vertical at right.
: Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; above the weight and mail class, price modification statement, date, ZIP code, identification number, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID''' identification&lt;/i&gt;) number, and the Endicia logo.
: No value figures are shown
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.

: The example reported was used on international mail.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E3.6. Endicia''', 2024. [[File:PC-E3.6.png|right|410px]]
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with &quot;endicia&quot; vertical at right but without round logo.
: Most similar to type '''PC-E3.1A2'''
: No line separating Box B1 and Box B2.
: Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; above the weight and mail class, '''IMI''' following mail class
: Price modification statement, date, ZIP code, Mail class 1, Mail class 2, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification&lt;/i&gt;) number, Mail class 3.
: No value figures are shown
: ID# with 063S prefix below bar code.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E3.7. Endicia''', 2025. [[File:PC-E3.7 251201.png|right|410px]]
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with &quot;endicia&quot; vertical at right but without round logo.
: Most similar to type '''PC-E3.6'''
: Text at left of barcode: At top: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; above the weight and mail class, 
: Stacked below are:Mail Class I with '''IMI''' following mail class, date, ZIP code, Mail class 2, Mail class 3, Mail class 4, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification&lt;/i&gt;) 8 digit number, .
: F/V: &quot;'''$0.00'''&quot;
: ID# with 063S prefix below bar code.

:: '''PC-E3.7.1'''. With green banner to left inscribed &quot;'''USPS CERTIFIED MAIL &lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;'''&quot;, barcode below

[[File:PC-E3.7.1.png|right|650px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3B.jpg|right|230px]]

'''PC-E3.8.1. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with different endicia logo.
: ID# with 071S prefix seen.
: Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down.
'''NOTE''': The extremely narrow stamp impression shown appears to be a printer/feeder error rather than a software variation.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3D.jpg|right|365px]]
'''PC-E3.8.2. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3C but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-E3.9. Endicia''' [[File:PC-E3.9 260623.png|right|410px]]
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; on the rate class line
: ID# with '''063S''' prefix seen.
: '''endicia''' reads down.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E4.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E4.1 250402B.png|right|410px]]

: Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, &quot;G&quot; a New Helvetica Block font
: Box B2 with &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class.
: 3 lines at top right, ID at top, customer ID below, source zip code at base.
: PDF 417(8) barcode with &quot;endicia&quot; (new logo) at right but without old round logo.

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types [BOX C]:  &quot;USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE&quot; ['''XXIX''']   &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E5.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E5.1 250402B.png|right|410px]]

: Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, &quot;G&quot; a New Helvetica Block font
: Box B2 with &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class.
: 2 lines at top right, ID at top, source zip code at base.
: PDF 417(8) barcode with &quot;endicia&quot; (new logo) at right but without old round logo.

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types [BOX C]: &quot;USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE TM&quot; ['''VI'''],  &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL ®&quot; [ “large ‘R-circle’”] ['''XVIII''']  &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-F: Franks generated by EasyPost software, with &quot;easypost&quot; in the frank}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* EasyPost is a software company that provides companies with integrated shipping options through USPS and several private carriers.
* The company was founded in 2012 although the first stamp came to our attention in 2016.
{{font/end}}

----
&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-F1.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2016 but possibly as early as 2012.
: The stamps we have seen appear on large address labels.
: The stamp contains a PDF417 barcode which sits under &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; and '''{{font|size=5|easypost}}''' at the right of the stamp.
: Left of the barcode are the date, ZIP code, &quot;CID&quot; (''number'') or &quot;C&quot; (number), and '''COMBASE''' or '''ComBasPrice''' (with no value figures).
: Along the bottom are the weight and identification number with &quot;0901&quot; prefix.
:: '''A'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
:: '''B'''. The stamp appears by itself with no framing or large mail class indicator


&lt;br&gt;
[[File: PC-F1.2.png|right|475px]]

'''PC-F1.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2025 

: As type &quot;'''PC-F1.1'''&quot; With heavier and slightly different typeface and spacing.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1p2.jpg|right|480px]]

'''PC-F2.1. &quot;easypost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal).
: Similar to Type PC-F1 but inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; rather than &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot;
: The text, including '''{{font|size=4|easypost}}''', is in a lighter and wider font than found on PC-F1.
: Also, without &quot;CID&quot; and number and with small '''ComBasPrice''' instead of '''COMBASE'''.
: And finally, the zeros are slashed.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-F2.2 260621mh.jpg|right|480px]]

'''PC-F2.2. &quot;easypost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal).
: Similar to Type PC-F2.1 but inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE PAID IMI&quot; rather than &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;
: The text/ font is similar to that found on PC-F1.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1.3.jpg|right|540px]]

'''PC-F3.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2021.

: As Type PC-F1 but the {{font|size=4|'''easypost.'''}} logo now has a period after it. The web address &quot;{{size=2|'''easypost.com/signup'''}}&quot; was added below the logo.

: This stamp includes a postage value which is preceded by &quot;Retail&quot; on the stamp we have seen.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00
: '''Note''': The origin ZIP code and customer ID have been blurred in the stamp photo.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:Easypost PC-F1.4.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F3.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo as PC-F3.1
::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
::: No value figures


::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}} &quot;'''F'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000004578 {{space|4}}C4000013 {{space|4}}83713 {{space|4}}2022-09-02{{space|4}}BOISE, ID
::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}&quot;'''P'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000004698 {{space|4}} {{space|4}}28405 {{space|4}}{{space|4}}WILMINGTON, NC


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-F4.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo different
::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
::: No value figures


::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}&quot;'''P'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000005499 {{space|4}}C4017644 {{space|4}}83709 {{space|4}}2022-11-18{{space|4}}BOISE, ID


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-F5.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot;


:: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left

[[File:PC-F4.2a.png|right|650px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F4.4.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.4. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot; without the web address.

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! Customer ID
! Note
|-
| FS5 wide
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000001316
| Commercial
| 2024-11-11
| 43228
| C4018567
| 012.0 ZONE 2
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000008901
| Commercial
| 2023-12-01
| 60607
| C4650528
| 0.10 CUBIC ZONE 3
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000010389
| Commercial
| 2023-12-28
| 63376
| C5299422
| 5.0 OZ ZONE 4
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''XXXI'''
| 0901000014322
| Commercial
| 2024-06-27
| 63376
| C5299422
| 0.20 CUBIC ZONE 4
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-F4.5. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2025.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; without the web address.


:: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left

[[File:PC-F4.5 250415.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-F4.6. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2026.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; without the web address.
::: &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot;


[[File:PC-F4.6 250901B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F55.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F5. &quot;Chit Chats&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Similar to &quot;'''PC-F4.2'''&quot;
::: Easypost Logo replaced by &quot;'''Chit Chats'''&quot;
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F6.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F6. &quot;Sendle&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Similar to &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot;
::: Easypost Logo replaced by &quot;'''Sendle&gt;'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-G: Franks generated by U.S. Postal Service software, without a vendor's identification number.}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* These stamps are a type of Post Office stamp (Group PO) but because they are generated online at the Postal Services's web site, they are listed here..
* The stamp was first reported in 2021.
{{font/end}}


----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font/top|size=3|color=black}}

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1.jpg|right|400px]]

'''PC-G1.''' (digital), 2021 but possibly earlier.
: The stamp is a large tracking label similar to Type PC-C5.1 with the USPS logo and &quot;Click-N-Ship&quot;® in the top panel. The ''postage'' part of the label is immediately below and at right. It contains in its upper left corner, &quot;usps.com, the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''', and a rate statement. The date is at lower left. At top right is a tracking number. At lower center is '''Mailed from''' and the ZIP code. In the center is a larger '''U.S. POSTAGE PAID''' above a small '''Click-N-Ship'''®, all backed by a field of wavy pale blue lines.
: V/F:  $(00)0.00
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1 detail.jpg|left|500px]]
{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.png|right|400px]]

'''PC-G2.1''' (digital), 2023 but possibly earlier.
: Similar to &quot;'''PC-G1'''&quot; but with a square Datamatrix barcode at the right of box &quot;'''B2'''&quot;.
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Mail Rate Class
! Type
! Date
! Mailed from Zip Code
! &quot;'''Box C'''&quot; Mail Class
|-
| P
| Flat Rate Env
| 05/08/2023 
| 63005
| XXX
|-
| G
| Insured
| 06/20/2024
| 02453
| VI
|-
| 
| 
|
|
|}


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.2.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.2''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier.
: Similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but with security print under &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; more heavily segmented
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PPS-G2.3.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.3''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier.
: Security print in &quot;Box B2&quot; similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but 
: &quot;Box D&quot; more similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.2'''&quot;
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.4.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.4''' (digital), 2024 
: Security print in &quot;Box B2&quot; similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but 
: Box A with USPS logo to left, &quot;USPS APIs&quot; to right
: &quot;Box D&quot; only with return address and destination to the right of 2D barcode
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-G2.jpg|right|550px]]

'''PC-G3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. 
: Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo at right.
: This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1.
: Without identification number
: See also &quot;'''PC-E2.2'''&quot; for similar item with identification number starting with &quot;071V&quot;

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00, 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|1=Sub-group PC-H: Franks generated by Francotyp-Postalia software, with &quot;FP&quot; logo in the frank}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* Francotyp-Postalia first entered the U.S. postage meter market in 2000. Only one stamp has been reported so far, and it is dated from 2019. Earlier dates are likely.
{{font/end}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'' The status of this item has been questioned, more information or scans would be important to have, please reply to editor.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font/top|size=3|color=black}}

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-H1.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-H1. &quot;Francotyp-Postalia&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2019 but probably earlier.
: The one stamp reported appears on alarge address label with the top (postage) section containing a PDF417 barcode.
: Above the barcode are, at left: the value figures and date, at center: the FP logo, and at right: '''US POSTAGE''', Mailed From [5-digit ZIP code], and the identification number with 032A prefix.

: '''ComBasPrice''' appears below the date on this stamp.
: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.

: V/F:  $ (00)0.000
{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Franks with &quot;E-postage&quot; or variant in the frank}}====
----

&lt;br&gt;

{{font/top|size=3}}
* Shipping labels with '''E-Postage''', '''ePostage''', '''ePOSTAGE''' and other variants in the frank were first reported in 2011. They are used by online commerce companies with business volumes large enough to justify special arrangements with shippers such as USPS, FedX, and UPS. 

* E-Postage is a program developed by USPS to accommodate the growth of ecommerce. Online merchants such as Amazon and Etsy use ePostage. In 2016 new company Shippo began operation as a shipping aggregator offering ePostage to any business.

* The stamps appear to be more like &quot;post paid&quot; permit stamps rather than metered mail but are shown here until we determine their exact nature.
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F2.jpg|right|500px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F14.jpg|right|500px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F1bb.jpeg|right|300px]]

* The stamps are found only on address labels with the top section having an enclosed mail-service letter at left and a frank box at right above a panel containing the mail class.
: The central section contains the return address, date, and addressee.
: The stamps show no value figures or identification number.
: The labels do include a tracking bar code and number.
: So far they have been found in two general formats:
:: '''-''' With single-line border surrounding the complete design, printed on label 135 mm tall
:: '''-''' With no outer border, printed on smaller label, 115 mm tall

* Known variations:
:: '''-''' Mail class appears in the frank box
:: '''-''' Incomplete box around mail-service letter at upper left
:: '''-''' Mailer's name repeated at top outside the frank box
:: '''-''' &quot;ComBasPrice&quot; appearing left of the frank box

'''NOTES''':
* Merchants have some control over the appearance of the stamp. The e-Postage designation is found in different fonts. The frank box is found in a variety of sizes with contents left justified or centered.
* When inaugurated in September 2011 only certain mail services were available through e-Postage system: Express Mail, Priority Mail, First-Class Mail parcels, Package Services (except Library Mail), and Parcel Select bar-coded non-presort.
* What is common to all e-Postage stamps is that the frank box contains e-Postage (or variant), U.S. POSTAGE PAID (or variant), and the mailer's identification.
{{font/end}}


----{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>a28ua48w357ggd2lvtielmax1a0lwwa</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641908</id>
      <parentid>4641905</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T19:26:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Boris1951zz</username>
        <id>3378369</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-D: Franks from Pitney Bowes software, ID numbers with 02#P, 02#W, or 07#P prefix}} */</comment>
      <origin>4641908</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="121558" sha1="4jemf6fqhwlhx3gegdd8ieyp6t95zfo" xml:space="preserve">==&lt;font size=5&gt;&lt;font color=#1F75FE&gt;'''GROUP PC: Special designs generated by personal computer'''&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;==
[[United_States_Postage_Meter_Stamp_Catalog |&lt;font size=2&gt;''&lt;u&gt;Click here to return to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;/font&gt;]]

{{font/top|size=3|color=#08457E}}
'''NOTE''': ''All the stamps listed here are valid only on the date generated. PC stamps with unrestricted validity, i.e. savable for future use, are more like traditional stamps than meter stamps and thus are not cataloged here. PC stamps with unrestricted validity are cataloged in '''&lt;i&gt;USA: Variable Denomination Stamps (1989-2020)&lt;/i&gt;''' by Karim Roder (available on Amazon).''

* Group PC stamps can vary considerably in size, font styles, and color within the same stamp type depending on personal printer settings, available fonts, etc. Size variations or colors other than black are unusual but are user controlled variables.

* The stamps are found on plain paper and adhesive labels depending on what the user has in his printer. Self-adhesive labels are sold by the various PC stamp companies and also by outside vendors. These labels exist both with and without fluorescent tagging. As with color and font, paper or label type is a user controlled variable, however to a great extent the parameters are set by United States Postal Service ( see: https://postalpro.usps.com/parcellabelingguide). It is recommended that the collector save the '''entire label'''.

* PC stamps are often found in a frame at the top right of large address labels. To the left of the stamp is a smaller frame containing a large letter or number representing the class of mail. Codes found are: &quot;'''1'''&quot; (first class), &quot;'''fcm'''&quot; (first class), &quot;'''P'''&quot; (priority), &quot;'''E'''&quot; (express), &quot;'''M'''&quot; (media), &quot;'''T'''&quot; (parcel post), solid block (media, or other), &quot;'''H'''&quot; (Hazardous), &quot;'''G'''&quot; (Ground Advantage), &quot;'''X'''&quot; (Media). Not all the codes are found with all the stamp types that use the labels.

* 2-Dimensional barcodes occur in two major types and several subtypes:
::::: PDF417 A horizontally stacked 2-dimensional barcode, each consists of  2 punctuators, 2 indicators and a variable number of data blocks.

::::::  subvariety PDF417(4) has 4 datablocks [[File: PDF417-224.png|right|250px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(6) has 6 datablocks [[File: PDF417-226.png|right|275px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(7) has 7 datablocks [[File: PDF417-227.png|right|300px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(8) has 8 datablocks [[File: PDF417-228.png|right|350px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(9) has 9 datablocks [[File: PDF417-229.png|right|375px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(12) has 12 datablocks [[File: PDF417-2212.png|right|400px]]


::::: Data matrix is a 2 dimensional barcode consisting of square or rectangular data blocks

::::::  subvariety DM-2H (&quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;) has 2 datablocks arranged horizontally [[File: DM-2HZ.png|right|100px]]


::::::  subvariety DM-2V (&quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;) has 2 datablocks arranged vertically [[File: DM-2VR.png|right|50px]]


::::::  subvariety DM-4 has 4 datablocks arranged as a square [[File: DM-4SQ.png|right|100px]]


* PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are  4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label.
[[File: ST size.png|right|200px]]

[[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File: FF size.png|center|200px]]


[[File: CF size.png|center|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;{{center/top}}* * *
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}}

{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-A: Franks from E-Stamp software, ID numbers with 05#E prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* All stamps have large, negative “e” logo at top right and &quot;PDF417&quot; bar code across the bottom with identification number at bottom right.
* &quot;US Postage&quot; and date are at top center, usually below a mail classification statement.
* Found both with and without FIM barcode at top left and also with and without slogan or directional slug at left.
* One hundred FD covers were prepared by E-Stamp in cooperation with the National Postal Museum on March 31, 1998. Trials took place for several more months. The first day of national availability was September 27, 1999.
* Although we must assume other mail classes were available, only '''First Class''', '''First-Class''', '''Priority''', and '''Priority Mail''' have been reported.
* E-stamp ceased operations at the end of 2000.
{{font/end}}


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}

----

&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-A1 FDC stamp.jpg|right|425px]]

'''PC-A1.10.''' March 31, 1998. {{space|2}} [RR]

: This stamp is found only on the First Day Covers prepared by E-Stamp and the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each.
: The value figures are large, 4mm tall. 
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: Mail class: &quot;First Class&quot; ({{font|size=2|''without hyphen''}}).
: Identification number with 051E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;}}  {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, 4mm tall''}})

'''PC-A1.11.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [RR][[File: PC-A1.11 251004.png|right|375px]]

: This stamp is found only on covers by the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each.
: The value figures are smaller than on &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot; but larger than on &quot;'''PC-A1.2'''&quot; ettc.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: Mail class: &quot;First Class&quot; ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}}).
: Identification number with 051E prefix  and about the same length as in &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot;
: V/F: {{space|4}}  {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;}}  {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, about 3½mm tall''}})

{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1e''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A1.2.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-A1.1 but with smaller value figures, 2 to 3mm tall.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; normally at bottom left below the barcode. 
: ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}})

: &lt;u&gt;Mail classes&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''A'''.  First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}})
:: '''B1'''. Priority {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''B2'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [R]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''b'''. With recipient's identity instead of &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at left below bar code field {{space|2}} [RR]
:: '''c'''. With 4-digit ZIP code

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|&quot;Express&quot; (or &quot;Express Mail&quot;) was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''RA1c and d''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1p3A.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A1.3.''' {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-A1.2 but value figures show decimal fractions of a cent and have wide spacing between the dollar sign and the decimal digit with the other figures.
: ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2.
:: '''A'''. V/F regular: {{space|4}} ${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} &lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''B'''.  V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} &lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;''

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1.4A.jpg|right|535px]]

'''PC-A1.4.'''
:  As PC-A1.3B but the value figures are spaced closely together.
:  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(12) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
:: '''A'''.  Destination town name at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 051E prefix {{space|4}} [RRRR]&lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''B'''.  &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 053E prefix {{space|4}} [S]
: The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2.
: V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; ''

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|Type PC-A1.4A is possibly the first E-stamp placed in use with paying customers, earlier than when PC-A1.2, PC-A1.3, and PC-A1.4B were issued.}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A2.''' March 2000. {{space|2}} [S]
:  As Type PC-A1.2 but the inscriptions are larger.
: &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at bottom left below the barcode. 
:  With PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
:  ID# with 053E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $ 0'''.'''00

: &lt;u&gt;Mail classes&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''A'''. First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}})
:: '''B'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [S]

[[File: USA PC-A2a.jpg|right|380px]]
:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; ({{font|size=2|''see below''}}) {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''b'''. &quot;Mailed From ZIP Code&quot; town line with 4-digit ZIP code instead of normal 5-digit code {{space|2}} [RR]

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|&quot;Express&quot; (or &quot;Express Mail&quot;) was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}}


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-B: Franks from Neopost software, ID numbers with 04#N or NO4#N prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* The stamp designs are quite different from each other. One has a four-pointed star logo, two have a torch in hand logo, and one has no logo. Even the bar codes are dissimilar.
* Neopost was the second company to enter the PC postage business with an experimental design sometime in early 1998. Circumstances of the trial remain unknown to us.
* Stamps are found both with and without FIM barcode at top left. Examples are not known with slogan or slug.
* &lt;u&gt;Classes of mail seen on PC-B stamps&lt;/u&gt;:

::{|
| '''A.''' {{space|4}} FIRST CLASS LTR [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]]

| '''F.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 2 [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]]

| '''M.''' {{space|4}} INTL LETTER

|-

| {{space|4}}  '''Aa.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS LTR

| '''G.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 3

| '''N.''' {{space|4}} INTL CAN LTR

|-

| '''B.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVERSZ

| '''H.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 4

| '''P.''' {{space|4}} INTL MEX LTR

|-

| {{space|4}}  '''Ba.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVSZ

| '''I.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 5

| '''Q.''' {{space|4}} NEXT DAY EXP MAIL

|-

| '''C'''. {{space|4}} PRIORITY MAIL

| '''J.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 6

| '''R.''' {{space|4}} MEDIA MAIL

|-

| '''D.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY LOCAL

| '''K.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 7

|-

| '''E.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 1

| '''L.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 8

|}
* Mail classes E through L were discontinued in June 2002. Examples are exceptionally rare. Most mail classes except the First Class variations are scarce to very rare.
* Neopost PC stamps became available nationally in May 1999.

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}

{{font/end}}

----
&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-B1.''' {{font|color=green|''The stamp previously cataloged here has not been found used on actual mail. For this reason the Type has been deleted and the stamp re-cataloged as Type ESY-DF2 in the Essay section.''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D1.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-B2. ”Postage Plus”™''', '''“PC Stamp™”''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RRR]
: This too is an experimental stamp. It was first seen in live tests in and near Washington DC and parts of northern California. It was offered nationally in May 1999 but saw little use.
: The stamp was used by two different systems, &quot;Postage Plus&quot; which used a live internet connection, and &quot;PC Stamp&quot; which downloaded postage credit into a rented hardware vault. 
: The design shows at top right two horizontal bars with &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; above the top one and the town line below the bottom one. Between the bars at right are a torch-in-hand logo left of small &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; reading up. Also between the ars are the class of mail, the value figures (centered), and the date.
: PDF417(7) barcode across the bottom 
: With &quot;DEVICE and identification number at bottom right. 
: Meter number with N041N, N041NA, or 041N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

:: '''a'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; at bottom left
:: '''b'''. With &quot;FIM&quot; baarcode at top left


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-B3.1.jpg|right|390px]]

'''PC-B3.1. “Simply Postage”™''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RR]
: Produced by an internet-connected labeling device.
: Similar to PC-B2 with torch-in-hand logo and point of sale data mixed with two horizontal bars, but otherwise quite different.
: The stamp is found only on self-adhesive labels with rounded corners and fluorescent red bar across the bottom edge.
: &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is vertical at far right just left of a double line of micro-printing reading &quot;NEOPOSTNEOPOST...&quot; vertically.
: Between the bars are the identification number, value figures, and date. Below the bottom bar is the town line, '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: Stamp with &quot;PDF417(9)&quot; bar code.
: Meter number with N042N prefix.
: Large value figures, 4½ to 5mm tall
: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØ ({{font|size=2|''with slashed zeros''}})


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-B3.2. “Simply Postage” '''. {{space|2}} [RR]
: As Type PC-B3.1 but the value figures have a tenths of a cent figure.
: Stamp with &quot;PDF417(9)&quot; bar code.
: Meter number with N042N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  $Ø'''.'''ØØ&lt;u&gt;ø&lt;/u&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1A''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1A.jpg|right|330px]]

'''PC-B4.1. “ProMail” ''', 1998? {{space|2}} [S]
: Produced by an internet-connected labeling device.
: Also printed on self-adhesive labels this stamp is much smaller than the PC-B3 stamps and contains the point-of-sale data at left and a square &quot;Datamatrix (DM-4)&quot; bar code at right.
: Point-of-sale data have the value figures at top followed by the class of mail, '''MAILED FROM''' (ZIP code) town line, &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot;, date and identification number.
: Fluorescent bar at far left just outside two lines of micro-printing reading &quot;NEOPOSTNEOPOST...&quot; vertically.
: Meter number with 045N prefix.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1B''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1B.jpg|right|330px]]

'''PC-B4.2. “ProMail” '''. {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-B4.1 but the value figures are slightly larger and the text is slightly bolder.
: square &quot;Datamatrix (DM-4)&quot; bar code at right.
: Labels have fluorescent bar at right.
: Meter number with 047N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-C: Franks generated by software from Stamps.com (StampMaster before 1999), ID numbers with 06#S prefix}}====


{{font/top|color=#0018A8|size=3}}
* The first stamp design has a negative {{space|1}}&lt;font size=4&gt;&lt;font color=black&gt;'''S'''&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;{{space|1}} in oval logo. All others contain {{space|1}}&lt;font size=4&gt;&lt;font color=black&gt;'''stamps.com'''&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;{{space|1}} somewhere in the design. Some time after Stamps.com acquired Endicia in November 2015 (see Sub-group PC-E) the logo {{space|1}}&lt;font size=4&gt;&lt;font color=black&gt;'''stamps'''&lt;sub&gt;'''endicia'''&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;{{space|1}} came into use.
* The stamps are found both with and without a FIM barcode at upper left.
* &lt;u&gt;Mail classes found with PC-C stamps&lt;/u&gt;:
::  {{space|4}}  FIRST CLASS, FIRST CLASS MAIL, FCI (first class international)  &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  PRIORITY MAIL  &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  EXPRESS MAIL  &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  MEDIA MAIL &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
: &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt; Collectors should be aware that the primary mail classes are found in a multitude of variations. For example, FIRST CLASS can be found as FIRST-CLASS PKG RATE, FIRST-CLASS MAIL PARCEL, FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE INTL, USPS FIRST CLASS MAIL, etc.. We do not know them all. Please inform the catalog manager regarding something different (&quot;'''Alan Knutson, boris1951@charter.net'''&quot;) if possible also include a scan.
* The StampMaster/stamps.com system was first trialed in the Washington DC area and in parts of California sometime before August 1998. It was made available nationally on September 27, 1999.

* PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are  4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label.
[[File: ST size.png|right|200px]]

[[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File: FF size.png|center|200px]]


[[File: CF size.png|center|400px]]


{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;{{center/top}}* * *
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

----
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]]
{{font/top|size=2|color=red}}
'''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label &quot;'''size FS5 (with 5 horizontal boxes, A thru E) or size FS6 (with six horizontal boxes, A thru F)'''&quot;, they will referenced as follows'''
::::: Panel or Box A:  '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'')
::::: Panel or Box B:  oftentimes subdivided  {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Icon/ Postage Payment'']}}
::::::: Box B1 &quot;'''F, P.'''&quot; etc,{{font|size=2|color=blue| ['''USPS''' ''Service Icon'']}}
::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Postage Payment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box C:  Mail Class {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Banner'']}}
::::: Panel or Box D:  Address  {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Address and Delivery Information Segment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box E:  Tracking number/Bar code {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Intelligent Mail package barcode segment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box F:  often times blank ('' sometimes not present'') {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Additional Information and User Segment'']}}

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C1.jpg|right|340px]]

'''PC-C1. StampMaster''', summer 1998. {{space|2}} [RRRR]
: Experimental stamp with negative “S”/Internet Postage logo at top center. 
: At top right are value figures, mail class, &quot;US POSTAGE”, and date. 
: &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; bar code across bottom with town line below at left and identification number below at right.
: Identification number with 061S prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C2.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-C2.1. stamps.com''', 1999.
: As Type PC-C1 but with &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo instead of the '''S''' in oval logo.
: &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at upper left
: At top right are the value figures, date, &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, and town line.
: 2-D barcode PDF417(6} across lower portion
: &quot;STAMPS.COM&quot; is below left of the bar code.
: Identification number with 061S or 062S prefix below right of bar code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt; 
[[File: USA PC-C2 redate.jpg|right|180px]]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;ADDITIONAL POSTAGE&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''b'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''c'''. With bottom line missing, blank below bar code
:: '''d'''. Bottom line present but without bar code
:: '''e'''. With &quot;MAIL TO:&quot; and ZIP code above left of the bar code
:: '''f'''. With nonsense characters across the bottom (''system malfunction'')

'''NOTES''':
* The &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo can vary considerably in size.
* The system could produce a re-date stamp without postage value, as shown (''right'').
* For a similar type inscribed &quot;'''Stamps /Endicia '''&quot; see &quot;'''PC-C8'''&quot;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C3.jpg|right|360px]]
[[File: USA PC-C3 redate.jpg|right|200px]]
'''PC-C2.2.''' 2000. 
: As Type PC-C2.1 but with larger inscriptions.
: Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D &quot;PDF417(6)&quot; barcode.
: Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
[[File:USA stamp type PC2p2 label.jpg|right|360px]]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;ADDITIONAL POSTAGE&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''b'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''c'''. With bottom line missing (blank below bar code)
:: '''d'''. With &quot;MAIL TO:&quot; and ZIP code above left of the bar code
:: '''e'''. With mailer's name replacing town line
:: '''f'''. With &quot;'''FIM'''&quot; barcode at the upper left.

'''NOTES''':
* The NOTES below PC-C2.1 apply to PC-C2.2 also.
* These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right.
* For a similar type inscribed &quot;'''Stamps /Endicia '''&quot; see &quot;'''PC-C8'''&quot;


[[File: USA PC-C4B.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-C2.3.1''' 2005.

: At top left: postage value above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and class of mail. 
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.
: &quot;Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: Basic stamp without framing

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.3.2''' 

: &quot;Stamps / Endicia” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: At top left: postage value above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and class of mail. 
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.
: Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.3.3''' 

: As '''PC-C2.3.2''', [[File: PC-C2.3.3p.png|right|500px]]
: &quot;Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left. 
: Class of mail spelled out below V/F, with type of pricing below
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above customer ID, above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.4.1''' 2005.
:  As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
:  Stamps.com logo right of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode. 
: &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top left above rate statement.
:  Meter number with 062S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. 
:: '''A'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code
::: '''1'''. Basic stamp without framing[[File: USA PC-C5A.jpg|right|400px]]


::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-C5B.jpg|right|540px]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
!
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0005418699
| 
| A7
| B0
| C5
| 11/21/2005
| 02845 
| 
|
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0005715741
|
| A6
| B3
| C1
| 09/06/2011 
| 66030 
| GARDNER, KS
| Box F split horizontally in two, &quot;Thank You&quot; in bottom half.
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 05/28/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/02/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 07/15/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009143056
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 02/20/2018
| 08080
| Mount Holly, NJ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009151784
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/01/2015
| 92154
| San Diego, CA
|
|}


:: '''B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code
::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.

[[File:USA stamp type PC-C2point4b.jpeg|right|400px]]


'''NOTE''': Sub-type '''B''' has been found printed directly onto a plastic bag. See image below.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4 NOTE.JPG|right|300px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C2.4.2''' 2005.
:  As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
:  With &quot;'''stamps / endicia'''&quot; replacing the stamps.com logo right of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode. 
: &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top left above rate statement.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
:: '''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).


::::: '''-1''' Prefix &quot;'''026W'''&quot;
{{font/top|size=2}}
: ’’’Known usage’’’:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! 
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 026W00048272786
| 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 04/11/2022
| 07036
| LINDEN, NJ
| Box F: order info?
|-
| 
|
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
::::: '''-2''' Prefix &quot;'''062S'''&quot;  
{{font/top|size=2}}
[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.png|right|450px]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! 
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A6
| 
| C5
| 01/02/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A6
| 
| C5
| 01/30/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, 
|-
| FS5
| '''E'''
| '''XXXV'''
| 062S0006097059
|
| A19
| B2
| C3
| 11/25/2019
| 45177
| VALENCIA CA
| Order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| III
| 062S0009416802
| 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 05/10/2022
| 14150
|
| Order info, framed
|}
{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

:: '''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.1 250331.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} Similar to &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} New &quot;'''Stamps'''&quot; logo
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Mail class indicator using &quot;'''New Helvetica'''&quot; font as opposed to &quot;'''Arial Block'''&quot; in &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''&quot;.
::: {{space|10}} Prefix &quot;'''063S'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with three lines in upper right and &quot;'''Arial Block'''&quot; font see &quot;'''PC-C2.4.3'''&quot;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-C2.4.2B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). '''Box F''' blank or with Proprietary info.
:::{{space|10}}Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(7) across bottom
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4ccc.jpg|right|450px]]
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0001435225
| 11675116
| A7
| B1
| 
| 02/24/2023
| 91311 
| CHATSWORTH, CA
| BOX F: order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S00014423--
| 8014--
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/12/2022
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442380
| 9726250
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022
| 28674
| PINEHURST, NC
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442584
| 7557381
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/21/2022
| 37211
| NASHVILLE, TN
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442597
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/10/2023
| 90058
| VERNON, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442618
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/10/2023
| 92618
| IRVINE, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442648
| 7535523
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022
| 54115
| DE PERE, WI
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442652
| 7535523
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/16/2022
| 54115
| DE PERE, WI
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442674
| 7460441
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/21/2022
| 63367
| LAKE SAINT LOUIS, MO
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442685
| 9619750
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/11/2023
| 94931
| COTATI, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S000144269-
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/11/2023
| 90058
| VERNON, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5?
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0001443299
| 6080690
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 11/17/2022
| 32174
| ORMOND BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001484855
| 17633955 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 03/08/2023  
| 68048
| PLATTSMOUTH, (NE)
| PC malfunction? Missing Box B2 barcode and insignia
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009145384
| 8290678 
| A1
| B3
| C1
| 02/05/2018
| 98338  
| GRAHAM, WA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0008589402
| 7557381
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022  
| 37211
| NASHVILLE, TN
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0009146178
| 8239329
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022  
| 60543
| OSWEGO, IL
| Box F order info
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009564660
| 7778491
| A1
| B3
| C3
| 10/22/2018
| 91304
| CANOGA PARK, CA
| BOX F with Business Info
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0009564879
| 7733098
| A20
| B6
| C3
| 10/17/2022
| 33619
| TAMPA, FL
|
|-
| FS5?
| '''1'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009565018
| 10860336
| A4
| B0
| C5
| 04/06/2020 
| 33458 
| JUPITER, FL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0010887747
| 8128979
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 06/13/2022
| 33167
| MIAMI, FL
| BOX F with Prop Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''II'''
| 062S0010937521
| 10709064
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 02/08/2021
| 92648
| HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''II'''
| 062S0010984631
| 10354575
| A8
| B2
| C3
| 04/27/2020
| 11791
| SYOSSET, FL (ERROR FOR NY)
| BOX F ORDER Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011128915
| 8051382
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 10/19/2020
| 53715
| MADISON, WI
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011129014
| 8051382
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 09/30/2020
| 53715
| MADISON, WI
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''P'''
| '''IV'''
| 062S0011682632 
| 10232544
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 02/08/2021
| 31558
| SAINT MARYS, GA
| 
|-
| FS4?
| '''P'''
| '''IV'''
| 062S0011682632 
| 10232544
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 09/29/2022
| 31558
| SAINT MARYS, GA
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011692109
| 9897299
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022
| 30101
| ACWORTH, GA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584392
| 5455555
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 10/27/2020
| 33458
| JUPITER, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584433
| 16035441
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022
| 84096
| HERRIMAN, UT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584494  
| 6916215
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022
| 85298
| GILBERT, AZ
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0012584517
| 17771454
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 08/22/2022
| 32401
| PANAMA CITY, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584551 
| 7778491
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 06/12/2020
| 91311 
| CHATSWORTH, CA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584560
| 17663543 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022 
| 27525 
| FUQUAY VARINA, NC
| Please Do Not Bend
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584561
| 8072505
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 06/28/2022 
| 06475 
| OLD SAYBROOK, CT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0013352599
| 10538570
| A1
| B1
| C4
| 09/21/2022 
| 45249
| CINCINNATI, OH
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0013352605
| 8072505 
| A1
| B2
| C3
| 06/28/2022 
| 06475
| OLD SAYBROOK, CT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950040
| 10137355
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/16/2022  
| 38474
| MOUNT PLEASANT, TN
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950074
| 8014787
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022  
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| Box F:Thank You For Your Order
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0014950080
| 8014787
| A5
| B4
| C4
| 12/12/2022  
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| BOX F &quot;Thank you for your order!&quot;
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0014950085
| 9765391
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 11/11/2022
| 84606
| SPRINGVILLE, UT
| BOX F with order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950089
| 9716903
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/02/2022  
| 83442
| AMMON, ID
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950092
| 9728837
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/10/2022  
| 84026
| FORT DUCHESNE, UT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950241 
| 8570771
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/19/2022
| 84062
| PLEASANT GROVE, UT
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950278 
| 17957223
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/03/2023
| 78245
| SAN ANTONIO, TX
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950365
| 580628?
| A6
| B2
| C3
| 09/13/2023
| 75041
| 
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950507 
| 6080690
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 11/17/2022
| 32174
| ORMOND BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950544 
| 10875452
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 03/14/2023
| 19317
| CHADDS FORD, PA
| 
|}
{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-C2.4.2C.0'''. ''2023''
::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). 
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is &quot;'''Arial Nova Bold'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.0 250331.png|right|450px]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0001442545
| 7537397
| A3
| B1
| C7
| 01/22/2024
| 48212
| HAMTRAMCK, MI
| Box F: Order info.

|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001443325
| 11683909
| A2
| B2
| C3
| 06/28/2023
| 46323
| HAMMOND, IN
|
|-
| FS5
| BLACK FILL
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0014949809
| 7542988
| A7
| B1
| 
| 03/25/2024
| 80116
| FRANKTOWN, CO
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950062
| 9717116
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 03/16/2024
| 98467
| UNIVERSITY PL, WA
| Box F: Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950187
| 4998344
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 02/27/2024
| 91761
| ONTARIO, CA
| Box F: Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950544
| 19750766
| A9
| B2
| C7
| 08/22/2024
| 93105
| SANTA BARBARA, CA
| Green band at top and a portion of left
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950560
| 17195820
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 10/12/2023
| 85013
| PHOENIX, AZ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| ?
| 6636835
| A14
| B6
| C7
| 05/01/2024
| 43228
| COLUMBUS, OH
| Box F: Order Info
|}

{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-C2.4.2C.1'''. ''2024''[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.png|right|450px]]
::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). 
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is &quot;'''New Helvetica Bold'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0001443239
| 6928035
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 01/22/2024
| 91733
| EL MONTE, CA
| Box F: Order info.
|}

{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C2.4.3''' 2024.[[File: PC-C2.4.3.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
::: {{space|10}} With new &quot;'''Stamps '''&quot;  logo replacing the stamps / endicia logo at the right of &quot;PDF417(8)&quot; barcode. 
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. 
::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with two lines in upper right and &quot;'''New Helvetica'''&quot; font see &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''&quot;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.4.4''' 2025.[[File: PC-C2.4.4 250802.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
::: {{space|10}} With new &quot;'''Stamps '''&quot;  logo at top right. 
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer's ID number and mailer’s Zip code at top right below &quot;'''Stamps'''&quot; logo. 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-C10.jpg|right|880px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-C2.5. ''' 

'''PC-C2.5.1 ''' 2014.

: Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the &quot;PDF417{8)&quot; barcode.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps.com'''&quot;. With &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; instead of value figures.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.5C.jpg|right|890px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2p5B.jpg|right|860px]]

'''PC-C2.5.2 ''' 2014.

: Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the &quot;PDF417{8)&quot; barcode.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps endicia'''&quot;. 
:: '''A'''.  With value figures: {{spaces|5}} $00'''.'''00
:: '''B'''.  With &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; instead of value figures.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p7.jpg|right|880px]]

'''PC-C2.5.3''' ''2012.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.4 but with date between the &quot;FROM&quot; (ZIP code) and the Stamps.com logo.
: Seen with tracking number at right of the frank, on a customs form.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: PDF417(7) barcode

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC2point6.jpg|right|500px]]


'''PC-C2.6.0.''' ''2015.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.3B but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is right of the value figures rather than below them.
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 

:: '''A'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps.com'''
:: '''B'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''[[File: PC-C2.6B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.6.1.''' ''2025.''
: As Type PC-C2.6.0 but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE imi&quot; is to the right of the value figures.[[File: PC-C2.6.1.png|right|500px]]
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: New '''Stamps''' logo to the right of the bar code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA stamp type PC-G2B.jpg|right|580px]]

'''PC-C2.7.1.'''
: With &quot;DPDF417&quot; barcode as with Types PC-C2.1 through PC-C2.5 but without &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo.
: Top panel contains USPS eagle logo and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; at left.
: Tracking number above the barcode.
: Identification number with 062S prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00, {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Commercial Base Pricing&quot; immediately below the 2D barcode


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-G4B.jpg|right|1000px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G4.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.7.2.'''


: Similar to Type PC-C2.7.1 but very wide imprint with '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo above usps.com (without the eagle-head logo)/ &quot;US POSTAGE / PAID&quot; at left.
: Along the bottom are the weight, date, Mailed from ZIP code, and meter identification number with &quot;062S&quot; prefix.
: ''It appears that this stamp is generated only for International Priority and Express mail services.''
: Two versions are known:
:: '''A'''. Tracking barcode at far left in the panel. Smaller lower panel contains the mail class statement.
:: '''B'''. Smaller stamp, traditional barcode at center of panel, USPS logo at far left. A Customs Declaration statement appears above the traditional barcode. No lower panel containing a mail class statement, and no indication anywhere of the mail service being used.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C2.8''' 2020.

: With barcode as with all previous PC-C2 types but with the value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; at top above the date and &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and ZIP code.

: Below the bar code is the '''stamps endicia''' logo at left and the identification number at right.
: The identification number prefix is uncertain as the stamp we have seen appears to suffer from a software glitch. (See the illustration.)
: PDF417(4) barcode
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

:: '''A'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''  large [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.8.jpg|right|500px]]
:: '''B'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''  small [[File: PC-C2.8B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.9.jpg|right|500px]]
'''PC-C2.9''' 2021.
: Similar to PC-C2.8 but with a rate statement rather than value figures.
: Above the &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; bar code:
:- US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
:- date, Mailed from ZIP [code]
:- weight and rate statement(s)
: Below the bar code: '''stamps endicia''' logo at left and the identification number with 062S prefix at right

:: '''A'''. Large &quot;'''stamps / endicia'''&quot; logo, 062S with 7 digits
:: '''B'''. Small &quot;'''stamps / endicia'''&quot; logo, 062S with 10 digits, FS5 label [[File: PC-C2.9B.png|right|450px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA stamp type PC-C6.jpg|right|140px]]

'''PC-C3.1.''' 2007.
: Stamp with horizontal &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode.
: Small frank with value figures at top above &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot;, class of mail, &quot;FROM&quot; ZIP code, and date.
: Below the date are the stamps.com logo, the barcode, and identification number at bottom.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-C7.jpg|right|195px]]

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2aa.jpg|right|175px]]
'''PC-C3.2.1'''
:  As Type PC-C3.1 but the &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. 
:  '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix.  
:  Town line &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
:: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment)
:: '''b'''. Town line without ZIP code showing &quot;FROM&quot; alone
[[File: USA stamp type PC3p2 label.jpg|right|360px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-C3.2.2'''. '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix.

:: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment)
:: '''c'''. Numeric month in date, as: {{space|4}} 00/00/2018[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2C label.jpeg|right|380px]]
:: '''d'''. With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C3.2.3'''  ''2025''
:  As Type PC-C3.2.1 but the &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. 
: &quot;'''US POSTAGE IMI'''&quot;
:  tHE NEW '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''063S''' prefix.  
:  Town line &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;

[[File: PC-C3.2.3 250217.png|right|360px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTE''': These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right. Other label sizes and shapes exist. See below.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3p3.jpg|right|370px]]

'''PC-C3.3.''' 2018.
: Identification number and Stamps.com logo read down at far right.
: From the top down, point-of-sale data is:
:: Value figures
:: '''US POSTAGE'''
:: mail class
:: ZIP code and date
:: Horizontal IBI Lite bar code
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
'''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3.4 actual.jpg|right|370px]]

'''PC-C3.4.''' 2021.
: As Type PC-C3.3 but with '''stamps /endicia''' at right.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
'''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-C3.2 250115.png|right|150px]]

'''PC-C3.5.''' 2022.
: Most similar to Type PC-C3.1 but without company identification.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 

::::-A [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]&lt;font size=2&gt;&lt;font color=191970&gt;: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
::::-B [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]&lt;font size=2&gt;&lt;font color=191970&gt;: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
[[File:PC-C3.5B 250116.png|right|150px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA PC-F10.jpg|right|940px]]


'''PC-C4.1.1.''' 2002.
:  Very wide design with large &quot;Delivery Confirmation&quot; 1D barcode at center and square Datamatrix barcode at right.
: Above the 2D barcode are the weight, ZIP code, ID# with 062S prefix, and date.
: At far left is the class of mail above “US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID”.
: Without value figures. The &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo is below the 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

 '''PC-C4.1.2.'''. With value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.1.''' (&quot;stamps.com&quot; logo below 2D barcode)[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1D.jpg|right|940px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C4.2.1.'''. With &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo and value figures at top above the 2D barcode: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 (&quot;stamps.com&quot; logo at top)[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10B.jpg|right|940px]]

:: '''a'''. Without tracking barcode at center[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10aa.jpg|right|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C4.2.2.'''. Without value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.2.1.''' 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}


'''PC-C4.3.'''. As '''PC-C4.1.1.''', with new company  logo, '''stamps indicia'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1E.jpg|right|940px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9 complete.jpg|right|540px]]


'''PC-C5.1.''' 2011.
:  The point-of-sale text is immediately to the left of the square Datamatrix barcode rather than above. 
: The frank appears unframed at the top of an address label.
: Identification number with 062S prefix.  
: The country name is not in or near the frank, but &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; is found at bottom below the mail class.
: With value figures
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C5.2.'''. As '''PC-C5.1.''',Without value figures[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9B.jpeg|right|540px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C5.3.'''. As '''PC-C5.2.''', with new company  logo, '''stamps / endicia'''[[File: PC-C5.3.png|right|540px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C6.1.''' 2020. [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3.jpg|right|390px]]

: ”'''stamps/endicia'''” logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and code. V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
'''PC-C6.2.'''. As'''PC-C6.1.''', Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top

: ”'''stamps/endicia'''” logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S or 071S prefix.

:::: '''A'''. Small Mail Class letter, shorter than the barcode.[[File:PC-C4.3B2.png|right|450px]]

::::: '''-1'''. Prefix &quot;'''061S'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0001442198
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Jul 05 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0001442222
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Jun 07 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0009761530
| 13928181
| A7
| B1
| 
| Feb 02 2023
| 48375
| NOVI, MI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''X'''
| 062S0010968105
| 12429570
| A10
|
| C6
| Sep 20 2022
| 32207
| JACKSONVILLE, FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0012584411
| 17222940
| A10
| 
| C6
| Aug 22 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0013352605
| 17222940
| A10
|
| C6
| Aug 22 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0014950307
| 17222940
| A1
| B2
| C6
| Nov 10 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0014949919
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Sep 04 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0014950343
| 11746372
| A1
| B2
| C6
| Mar 06 2023
| 11716
| BOHEMIA NY
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''-2'''. Prefix &quot;'''071S'''&quot;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 071S00894672
| 
| A10
| 
| C6
| Apr 15 2022
| 90021
| (RIALTO CA)
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 071S00894672
| 
| A10
| 
| C6
| Feb 09 2023
| 90021
| (NEWARK NJ)
|
|}

{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::: '''B'''. Large Mail Class letter, taller than the barcode.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3B.jpg|right|450px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''SE1''' and '''SE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F7.jpg|right|540px]]
[[File: USA PC-F8.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-C6.3.1.''' 2002.[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|6px]]V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: Downloaded directly from the Stamps.com web site. 
: Square Datamatrix barcode at right with &quot;stamps.com&quot; reading up to its right. 
: Text left justified as follows: 
: Value figures at top above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, ID number, and ZIP code
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C6.3.2.''' Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; above date, ID# with 062S prefix, ZIP code, rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C7 ''' 2023. [[File: PC-C7.png|right|400px]]

: DataMatrix 2-D barcode at right
: Manufacturer's logo is to the right of the &quot;DataMatrix(4)&quot; barcode.
: &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps endicia'''&quot;. 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C8.''' 2025. [[File: PC-C8 250601.png|right|360px]]

: Similar to types &quot;'''PC-C2.1, PC-C2.2'''&quot;
: Corporate logo as &quot;'''Stamps / Endicia '''&quot;
: Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D &quot;PDF417(3)&quot; barcode.
: With &quot;'''FIM'''&quot; barcode at upper left
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00


'''NOTES''':
* These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-D: Franks from Pitney Bowes software, ID numbers with 02#P, 02#W, or 07#P prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* The earlier stamps show logos consisting of an eagle's head and wing. Later stamps are generic, text and bar code only, but most include &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; in the design. One stamp, Type PC-D4, does not include the company name and is identifiable as a Pitney Bowes product only by the identification number with &quot;02&quot; prefix.
* Identification number prefixes seen so far are 022P, 024P, 022W, 026W and 071P.
* Pitney Bowes PC stamps began field testing in the Washington DC area in December 1998.

{{font/end}}
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0A.jpg|right|415px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0B.jpg|right|415px]]
'''PC-D0. “ClickStamp Online”''', probably 1998. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare'']
: Experimental stamp with small eagle profile image at upper right. Left of the eagle are the date, value figures,  and “US POSTAGE” with three stars. Above the “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode field are the identification number at left and “Mailed From Zip Code” and ZIP code.

: Identification number with 022P000230 prefix.
:: '''A'''. The type font is somewhat heavy. The &quot;P&quot; in the ID number has no serif. Three reported:
::: 1) ID number 022P0002300165, ZIP code 20260 
::: 2) ID number 022P0002306771, ZIP code 20032
::: 3) ID number 022P0002307167, ZIP code 13057
:: '''B'''. The type font is somewhat lighter. The &quot;P&quot; in the ID number has serif at bottom. ID number 022P0002306600, ZIP code 20260
: V/F: {{space|2}} $ ~0.00&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; 
 
: '''NOTE''': This stamp type was previously cataloged as an essay (ESY-DB4.4) until verifiably postally used covers were identified.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|right|415px]]

'''PC-D1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 21 April 1999. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare'']
: Experimental stamp with eagle with wavy wing below &quot;FIM&quot; barcode. 
: Stamp with “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode.
: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, date, value figures, ZIP code, and identification number stacked at right.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: Class of mail vertical at left side.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o
 
: '''NOTE''': When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2A.jpg|right|415px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2B.jpg|right|430px]]

'''PC-D2.1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 2000. 
: Similar to Type PC-D1 but straight eagle's wing above &quot;PITNEY BOWES&quot;. 
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
:: '''A'''. Inscribed &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; with stops. &quot;MAILED FROM ZIP CODE&quot; one line, all capitals.
:: '''B'''. Inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; without stops. &quot;Mailed from ZIP Code&quot; in two lines, mixed case.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o

'''NOTES''':
: 1)  When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red.
: 2)  The system allows for a re-date stamp without postage value (as shown below).

: 3)  Pitney Bowes required at least some users of ClickStamp Online to send them a sample print once a year on an envelope marked withe the components of the user's system. (Example shown below right.)

[[File: USA PC-E3 redate.jpg|left|330px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2.1 NOTE 3.jpeg|right|500px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E4.jpg|right|390px]]

'''PC-D2.2. “ClickStamp Online”'''. 
: This is the postage correction frank used with the software system that produced type PC-D2.1.
: The eagle is larger than with type PC-D2.1 and in line with the date which is above &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; rather than below.
: Large “POSTAGE CORRECTION” below eagle.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: Without town line or ZIP code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]]
{{font/top|size=2|color=red}}
'''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label, they will referenced as follows'''
::::: Panel or Box A:  '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'')
::::: Panel or Box B:  oftentimes subdivided  
::::::: Box B1 &quot;'''F, P.'''&quot; etc, 
::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number
::::: Panel or Box C:  Mail Class
::::: Panel or Box D:  Address 
::::: Panel or Box E:  Tracking number/Bar code
::::: Panel or Box F:  often times blank ('' sometimes not present'')
{{font/end}}
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p1A.jpg|right|345px]]
[[File: USA PC-F6.jpg|right|515px]]

'''PC-D3.1A. &quot;Shipstream Manager&quot;'''. 
: As with PC-D1 through PC-D2.3, with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; or &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;, date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above barcode.
: Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and the ID number with 071P prefix. 
: Basic stamp without framing. Top line contains value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;. 
::: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.1B. &quot;Shipstream Manager&quot;'''. 
: Box B2 &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; or &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;, date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below. Top line &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;.  With rate statement instead of value figures.
: No Box A, Box B the dividing line extends the entire height of the box. 
: Identification number  071P prefix

:: '''A'''. &quot;'''FCM'''&quot; in Box B1
::: '''a'''.  Box B2 &quot;'''US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID'''&quot;/DATE    &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; / / &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode / &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;     Identification number
:::: '''1'''. Box C: &quot;'''USPS FIRST CLASS'''&quot;
::::: '''-a'''. Box B2: 3rd line &quot;1oz First-Class Parcel rate&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD5''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1A.jpg|right|530px]]
[[File: USA PC-G1B.jpg|right|550px]]

'''PC-D3.2.''' 
: Found only on labels downloaded from internet vendor eBay. 
: In panel across the top are the USPS eagle logo at left and the '''eBay''' logo at right.
: Inside the stamp frame: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; and rate statement centered above the &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and the identification number with 024P prefix.
: Large rate indicator in frame at left.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil
: {{font|size=2|color=red|See also '''PC-D3.3B.6'''}}

:: '''A'''. With value figures
:: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3'''.
: Similar to Type PC-D3.2,
: A large label formatted with as many as 7 subsections (&quot;'''boxes'''&quot;)
: Below &quot;'''Box A'''&quot; if present, or at the top there are two boxes (&quot;'''Box B1'''&quot; at the left and &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; at the right)
: Within &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; is the “'''PDF417(7)'''” 2D barcode there is nothing above the barcode. 
: Also within &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; are 3 '''stacks''', 
: '''Stack B2.1''' &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; (''or variation''), date, “From” and ZIP code, weight, and optionally a Zone number are stacked at left.
: '''Stack B2.2''' Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and a rate statement or statements at the center. 
: '''Stack B2.3''' Meter number/ID number at right.
: The ID number has 022W, 024P, or 026W prefix.
: In a smaller box at left (&quot;'''Box B1'''&quot;) is a large letter code representing the mail class.
: In a wide box (&quot;'''Box C'''&quot;) below &quot;'''Box B1'''&quot; and &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; is the class of mail.
: If present the value figures appear above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;.
: '''Labels may be framed or unframed'''
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3A'''. With value figures
: A large label with 6 boxes &quot;'''FS5'''&quot;(&quot;'''Boxes B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''&quot;)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3A1'''.
:: '''Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3A2'''.   '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date   [[File: PC-D3.3A3.png|right|500px]]
:: '''A'''. '''026W'''  &lt;font size=1&gt;over 10-digit number starting with&lt;/font&gt; 0004

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897241
| CommPrice
| 06/20/2023
| 32961
| VERO BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897622
| CommPrice
| 10/18/2023
| 29568
| 
| 
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
:: '''B'''. '''028W'''  &lt;font size=1&gt;over 10-digit number starting with&lt;/font&gt; 0002

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310688
| CommPrice
| 05/11/2024
| 34293
| VENICE FL
| 
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3A3'''.   '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date as &quot;'''PC-D3.3A3'''&quot;, Box A with &quot;'''UNITED STATES / POSTAL SERVICE ®'''&quot; and emblem on left.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B'''. With rate statement

'''PC-D3.3B.1'''.[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3.jpg|right|500px]]

::''' Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date

'''PC-D3.3B.1A'''.  Prefix &quot;'''21B'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0050723999
| CommPrice
| 07/20/2022
| 07112
| Newark NJ
| Box F: order data
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0060312094
| CommPrice
| 11/28/2022
| 07036
| Linden NJ
| Box F: order data
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0060494251
| CommPrice
| 11/28/2022
| 90670
| Santa fe springs CA
| Box F: order data
|}

'''PC-D3.3B.1B'''.  Prefix &quot;'''26W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
|
| '''P'''
| '''VII'''
| 026W0004897242
| ComPlsPrice
| 11/25/2020
| 07419
|
|
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 026W0004897590
| 
| 01/02/2021
| 97239
| Portland OR
|
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 026W0004897774
| CommPlsPrice
| 07/31/2020
| 60490
| Bolingbrook IL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897814
| CommPrice
| 01/08/2021
| 91304
| Los Angeles CA
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897894
|
|
| 54843
|
|


|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.1C''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4A.0.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.1A.B''' but with customer ID at lower right
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE''' above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''VII'''
| 026W0004897326
| 3000093152
| ComPlsPrice
| 12/04/2020
| 91706
| IRWINDALE CA
| ID numbers in larger font
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897491
| 3000008007
| CommPrice
| 05/23/2019
| 48114
| BRIGHTON MI
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.2'''.[[File: PC-D3.3B.1.png|right|500px]]

:: '''Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE / PAID''' in two lines  above the date


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
| 12/29/2021
| 54843 
| Hayward WI
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.3A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.3.png|right|500px]]
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W [[File: PC-D3.3B.3A-H 2501002.png|right|500px]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''H'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0002310502
| CommPrice
| 08/04/2025
| 33068
| North Lauderdale FL
| &quot;'''HAZMAT-Surface Transportation Only'''&quot;
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897241
| CommPrice
| 01/26/2023
| 13147
| SCIPIO CENTER NY
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897242 
| CommPrice
| 08/16/2022
| 93943
| MONTEREY CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897400
| CommPrice
| 05/24/2023
| 16063
| ZELIENOPLE PA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897451
| CommPrice
| 11/24/2023
| 95240
| LODI CA
|
|-
| PS4
| '''P'''
| '''XIII'''
| 026W0004897525
| CommPrice
| 10/23/2023
| 98239
| COUPEVILLE WA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| PS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897591
| CommPrice
| 03/07/2022
| 92404
| SAN BERNARDINO CA
| 
|-
| PS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 02/02/2022
| 92404
| SAN BERNARDINO CA
| 
|-
| PS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 12/06/2023
| 81413
| CEDAREDGE CO
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| PS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897778
| CommPrice
| 02/27/2023
| 76013
| PANTEGO TX
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 026W0004897790
| CommPrice
| 11/01/2022
| 08110
| PENNSAUKEN NJ
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897812
| CommPrice
| 11/25/2023
| 11432
| JAMAICA NY
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897816
| CommPrice
| 08/22/2022
| 33770
| LARGO FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897817
| CommPrice
| 06/20/2023
| 77030
| HOUSTON TX
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897878
| CommPrice 
| 08/25/2022
| 66505
| MANHATTAN KS
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
| 01/23/2023
| 08110
| PENNSAUKEN NJ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897895
| CommPrice
| 02/04/2022
| 45806
| CRIDERSVILLE OH
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897895
| CommPrice
| 11/21/2023
| 95628
| FAIR OAKS CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897939
| CommPrice
| 03/28/2022
| 55304
| ANDOVER MN
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897942
| CommPrice
| 04/29/2022
| 06514
| HAMDEN CT
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004898023
| CommPrice
| 09/23/2022
| 75150
| MESQUITE TX
|
|}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.3B'''
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date [[File: PC-D3.3B.3B 250415.png|right|500px]]
:: Meter numbers: 028W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310364
| CommPrice
| 03/18/2024
| 96003
| REDDING CA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311094
| CommPrice
| 02/05/2024
| 34222
| ELLENTON FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311094
| CommPrice
| 08/22/2024
| 11735
| FARMINGDALE NY
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311374
| CommPrice
| 02/22/2024
| 33436
| BOYNTON BEACH FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311472
| CommPrice
| 03/04/2025
| 92376
| RIALTO CA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.4A.1''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 026W0004897241
| 3001124484
| ComPlsPrice
| 06/17/2022
| 93380
| VISALIA CA
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.4A.2''' 
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 028W


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 028W0002310218 
| 3000559694
| 
| 02/03/2023
| 98144
| SEATTLE WA
| Box F: order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 028W0002310350
| 3001704288
| CommPrice
| 02/03/2023
| 80907
| COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B.4B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4B.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
:: Meter numbers: 028W


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310174
| 3002184618
| CommPrice
| 07/08/2024
| 60647
| CHICAGO IL
| 
|-
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.5A''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5a.png|right|500px]]
:: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' 
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897798
| CommPrice
| 01/24/2023
| 30907
| MARTINEZ GA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.5B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5B.png|right|500px]]
:: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' 
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 028W
:: Customer Identification Number below meter number

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B.6'''
:: A large label with 6 sections, 7 boxes  (&quot;'''Boxes A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''&quot;)
:: A box (&quot;'''Box A''') across the top containing the USPS eagle logo and &quot;UNITED STATES/ POSTAL SERVICE&quot; at left and a mailer's logo or identification at right. 
:: {{font|size=2|color=red|'''NOTE:''' ''For examples with'' '''Penalty of Fines Under 18 / USC 3571 for Private Use''' ''see'' '''OO-M1'''}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6A'''
:: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3,  US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6A.1A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.1.png|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;
: identification number starts with &quot;'''026W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897242
| CommPrice
| 01/08/2022
| 19565
| WERNERSVILLE PA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897486
| CommPrice
| 08/19/2023
| 76002
| ARLINGTON TX
|
|-
| FS6
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897525
| CommPrice
| 10/24/2023
| 35952
| SNEAD AL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897623
| CommPrice
| 05/08/2023
| 50010
| AMES IA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''P'''
| 
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
|
| 30513
|
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| 
| 026W0004897941
| CommPrice
|
| 60108
|
|
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6A.1B'''
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;
: identification number starts with &quot;'''028W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310428
| 
| 06/18/2024
| 60512
| MONTGOMERY IL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 028W0002310575
| 
| 05/31/2024
| 34677
| OLDSMAR FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311092
| CommPrice
| 06/13/2024
| 11103
| ASTORIA NY
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6B'''
:: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3,  US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6B.1'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.11.png|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897813
| CommPrice
| 06/30/2022
| 07111
| IRVINGTON NJ
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6C'''
:: '''Box B2'''   &quot;'''US POSTAGE / AND FEES PAID'''&quot; in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6C.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3C.jpg|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with “'''www.pitneybowes.com'''”

{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: For labels of this type used by an US Government Agency and with a Penalty statement see type &quot;'''OO-M1'''&quot;}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897572
| CommPrice
| 06/29/2021
| 76155
| 
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6D'''
:: '''Box B2'''   &quot;'''US POSTAGE'''&quot; in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6D.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3dd.jpg|right|500px]]

: '''Box A''' with “'''www.paypal.com'''”


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6?
| '''X'''
| '''X'''
| 026W0004897485
| CommPrice
| 11/25/2020
| 55422
| 
|}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p4.jpg|right|530px]]
'''PC-D3.4'''
: Similar to PC-D3.3 but with tracking number added above the PDF417 2D barcode.
: Stacked at left of the 2D barcode are &quot;usps.com&quot;, the value figures, &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, a rate statement, and in the bottom corner, the date.
: Centered below the 2D barcode are “Mailed from” and ZIP code and “024P”.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}}  $00'''.'''00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|color=green|'''''NOTE: The stamp previously cataloged as Type PC-D3.5 is now a sub-type of PC-D3.3.'''''}}
[[File: PC-D3.5.png|right|1000px]]

'''PC-D3.5'''
: &quot;'''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI'''&quot; in two lines
: Unboxed rate class designation letter
: &quot;'''PDF417(7)'''&quot; 2-D barcode on right
: Meter Identification on right above customer Identification number
: Meter identification number: 028W followed by 10 digits
: On customs declaration form (CD)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D4.1.'''
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G6.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
: Similar to Type PC-D3.4 but in wider format with the tracking barcode at far left.
: Meter number seen with &quot;024P&quot; prefix.
: With value figures below &quot;PAID&quot;.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  $0'''.'''00
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.2.'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.7.jpeg|right|1000px]]

: Wide format as with PC-D4.1 but &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and the mail class are at far left with the tracking barcode below.
: The postage data is found below the PDF417 barcode, as follows:
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix
:: Pitney Bowes (with &quot;CommPrice&quot; [or value figures?] below)
:: date
:: &quot;From&quot; ZIP code
:: weight
:: (destination) zone

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D4.3.1.'''[[File: PC-D4.3.1 260630.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.2 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID '''&quot; 
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.3.2.'''[[File: PC-D4.3.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.2 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot; 
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.4.'''[[File: PC-D4.4 250914.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.4 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot; at right above Identification number.
:: Two black bars complete from left to right
:: ID# with &quot;028W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.1.'''
: At right is the square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode.
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix
: At left: date/ ZIP code/ weight
: Always found on framed address label, and never with value figures.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.1A.''' [[File: USA PC-F9.jpg|right|500px]]
: At left solid block rate code indicator
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix at base


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.1B.'''[[File: PC-D5.1B.png|right|500px]]
: At left outline rate code indicator
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix in middle

::: '''-1'''. Meter identification number positioned as in the illustration  for '''PC-D5.1A.'''
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.2.''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B.jpg|right|307px]]
: Similar to Type PC-D4.1 but &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; is vertical reading up at left.
: The rate, date, ZIP code, and weight are stacked between &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; (italicized) at top and the identification number at bottom.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: &quot;'''Found only on International postage/address/customs forms purchased online from the USPS web site.'''&quot;
: The complete form is shown reduced at right. Occurs in at least two types:
::::{{space|5}}  Type I {{space|5}}  &quot;To/From&quot; horizontal
::::{{space|5}}  Type II {{space|4}}  &quot;To/From&quot; vertical
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 or nil
:{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: &quot;'''For labels of this type the collector should save the whole form'''&quot;}}


:: '''A'''. With &quot;ONLINE DISCOUNT RATE&quot; below US POSTAGE PAID  
:: '''B'''. With postage paid shown in dollars and cents [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9point1B.jpg|right|307px]]
:: '''C'''. Without rate, blank between US POSTAGE PAID and the date


[[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B document.jpg|right|800px]]
[[File: PC-D5.2z.png|right|800px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.3. “Shipstream Manager”''', 2006.[[File: USA PC-F11.jpg|right|888px]]
: Very wide design with square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode at right and large tracking barcode at center.
: Above the 2D barcode are the date, ZIP code, weight, and &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;.
: Below the 2D barcode is the ID number with 024P prefix.
: At far left is “US POSTAGE PAID” above the class of mail.
:: '''A'''. With rate statement instead of value figures.
:: '''B'''. With value figures above the date


[[File: USA stamp type PC-D4point3B.jpeg|right|888px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3point1.jpg|right|570px]]

'''PC-D5.4. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''', 2011. 
:  As Type PC-D4.5 but with &quot;www.pbSmartPostage.com&quot; instead of the eBay logo. 
:  Identification number with 024P prefix.
:: '''A'''. With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00
:: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Commercial Base Pricing&quot; immediately below the &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.5.''' (presumed to be '''“Shipstream Manager”'''), 2013.[[File: USA stamp type PC-F15.jpg|right|888px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D4.3 but with the elements rearranged.
: The identification number, date, &quot;From&quot; Zip code, and weight are below the square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode.
: The tracking barcode is at far left rather than center.
: At near left of the Datamatrix barcode is &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;.
: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; and the mail class are at far left above the tracking barcode.
:  Identification number with 024P prefix.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


:: '''A'''. With value figures above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
:: '''B'''. Without value figures

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.6. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''', 2006. 

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00 {{space|2}} [scarce]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.7. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' [[File: USA PC-G3B.jpg|right|495px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  Without value figures but with rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.8. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-G3D.jpg|right|530px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  V/F: {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.9. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' 

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  With value figures or without but with rate statement
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.9A.'''[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3C.jpg|right|530px]]

:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629585
| ComBasPrice
| 12/28/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
| 
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629647
| ComBasPrice
| 02/10/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629652
| ComBasPrice
| 06/21/2014
| 10509
| BREWSTER NY
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XV'''
| 024P0007629756
| 
| 03/17/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629758
| ComBasPrice
| 12/11/2012
| 32812
| ORLANDO FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629777
| ComBasPrice
| 03/15/2017
| 17362
| SPRING GROVE PA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007632129
| ComBasPrice
| 06/01/2019
| 85203
| MESA AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XV'''
| 024P0007776044
| 
| 02/25/2016
| 32701
| ALTAMONTE SPG FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776131
| ComBasPrice
| 02/10/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776147
| ComBasPrice
| 10/17/2016
| 76251
| MONTAGUE TX
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776172
| ComBasPrice
| 11/27/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776173
| ComBasPrice
| 08/18/2015
| 20904
| SILVER SPRING MD
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776210
| ComBasPrice
| 10/27/2015
| 33187
| MIAMI FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776653
| ComBasPrice
| 09/12/2016
| 12992
| WEST CHAZY NY
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776711
| ComBasPrice
| 10/12/2016
| 60543
| OSWEGO IL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007875935
| ComBasPrice
| 01/20/2015
| 85211
| MESA AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007875935
| ComBasPrice
| 10/06/2015
| 33161
| FLORIDA CITY FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876028
| ComBasPrice
| 01/12/2019
| 22301
| ALEXANDRIA VA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876132
| ComBasPrice
| 11/10/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876761
| ComBasPrice
| 10/13/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876771
| ComBasPrice
| 03/12/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.png|right|475px]]

:  Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.1 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  As with &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.0.''' Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  F/V $(0)0.00 above 4 lines at left of Box B2


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.2.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.2 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  As with &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.1.''' Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Font in Boxes B2 and C &quot;'''USPSIMB'''&quot; (either Compact or Standard?)
:  F/V $(0)0.00 above 2 lines at left of Box B2


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9C.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.0 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  In &quot;Box A&quot; at upper right &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;
:  &quot;Box B2&quot; 4 lines at left, Date/Zip Code/ Weight/ Zone


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9C.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.1 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  In &quot;Box A&quot; at upper right &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;
:  &quot;Box B2&quot; 2 lines at left, Date/Zip Code


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D5.7.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-D6.0''', 2021. 
:  Similar to PC-D5.2 but with '''Pitney Bowes''' at the top of the point-of-sale data stacked at left of the Datamatrix barcode. 
:  Datamatrix barcode (DM4) 19 mm square, with 4 data blocks
:  Below '''Pitney Bowes''' are the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''' or '''US POSTAGE IMI''', a mail class statement.
:   a ten-digit number, &quot;3000156428&quot; evidently the customer identification number, the ZIP code and the date.
:  V/F: $0.00o 
:  This stamp arises from the new partnership between eBay and Pitney Bowes for &quot;eBay Delivery Service&quot; shipping.

:: '''A'''.  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE''', identification number with 026W prefix,
:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;


'''NOTE''': Type PC-D6 is nearly identical in appearance to Type QB7. They differ only in color and in the ten-digit number that appears below the identification number, '''black''' and '''3''' for PC-D5.7, and '''red''' and '''2''' for QB7.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D6.1.0''', 2024.
:  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left, Datamatrix barcode 20 mm square, with 4 data blocks, identification number with 026W prefix,
:  Datamatrix barcode 15 mm square, with 4 data blocks, or 27mm square,
:  Identification number with 026W prefix,

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D6.1.1''', 2024.
:  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left,
:  Datamatrix barcode 18-19 mm  with 4 data blocks, 
:  Identification number with 028W prefix,

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-E: Franks from Envelope Manager (Endicia) software, ID numbers mostly with 07#V prefix but also 07#M, 07#S, 06#S and without ID number}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* All the stamps have a generic design, bar code and text. The earlier stamps include &quot;endicia.com&quot; in the design and later ones are identifiable only by the identification number which is most commonly 071V although 071M and 071S are also found. From 2024 on, 062, and 063 are also found. An exception is Type PC-E2.2, Sub-type A, which does not show an identification number.
* When first released (February 2001) the system was labeled by Indicia as &quot;'''DAZzle 2000'''&quot;.

* On November 18, 2015 Stamps.com (see Sub-group PC-C) acquired Endicia. In 2024, Stamps.com and Endicia were once again seperate, being individual divisions under a holding company.
{{font/end}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE1''' in 2001 edition''}}

'''PC-E1.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2000. [[File: USA PC-F2A.jpg|right|316px]]
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: “US POSTAGE” at top right. 
: Stacked at center: value figures / class of mail / date / town line. 
: ID# with 071M, 071S, or 071V prefix at bottom right.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000


::'''PC-E1.1A'''. Basic stamp without framing


::: '''a'''.  Top portion above 2D barcode shifted far to the left (shown at right). This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F2aa.jpg|right|316px]]
::: '''b'''.  With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of '&quot;endicia.com&quot; at bottom left
::: '''c'''.  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left.


::'''PC-E1.1B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F2B.jpg|right|500px]]


::'''PC-E1.1C''' As '''PC-E1.1A''' but with &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at bottom left of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.


::: '''a'''.  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left.


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F3A.jpg|right|310px]]


'''PC-E1.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: As Type PC-E1.1 but the point-of-sale data is at left rather than in the center, and the sequence of data is different. 
: At top left: value figures/ date/ rate information
: At top right: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;/ &quot;Mailed from ZIP...&quot;
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left
: Identification number with 071V prefix
: Never with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode.
: V/F: $0'''.'''00


:: '''PC-E1.2A'''. Basic stamp without framing


::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.
::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.2A-b.png|right|800px]]


:: '''PC-E1.2B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F3B.jpg|right|500px]]


::: '''d'''. Without rate information below the date[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p2dd.jpg|right|500px]]


:: '''PC-E1.2C'''. &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users


'''PC-E1.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: Similar to Type PC-E1.2 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: “POSTAGE AND FEES PAID” at top above date, ZIP code, and rate statement. 
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left


::'''PC-E1.3A'''. Basic stamp without framing [[File: USA PC-F4A.jpg|right|324px]]
::: Identification number with 071V prefix


::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F4bb.jpg|right|415px]]


::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.3A-b.png|right|800px]]


::'''PC-E1.3B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F4B.jpg|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 071V prefix


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Line A Equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''FCM'''
| '''XVI'''
| 071V00515554
| A13
| 
| OCT 27 2011
| 55337
| BURNSVILLE MN
| NO TRACKING BARCODE
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A11
| Commercial Base Price
| JAN 5 2015
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
| 
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| APR 12 2016
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| JAN 3 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| FEB 17 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA||-
| 
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| MAR 1 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA||-
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''FCM'''
| '''XVI'''
| 071V00548099
| A13
| 
| APR 17 2007
| 83333
|
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| solid black
| '''VIII'''
| 071V00682520
| A7
| 
| FEB 6 2009
| 80922
| COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
|-
| '''FS3'''
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 071V01059238
| A11
| Commercial Plus Price
| SEP 8 2020
| 30071
| NORCROSS GA
|
|}
{{font/end}}


::: '''e'''. As '''B''', with question mark after the mail class statement: '''PRIORITY MAIL 2-DAY?'''
::::  (This may be a computer error with the question mark printing in place of a registration mark (''R in circle'').)[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E1p3ee.jpg|right|500px]]


::: '''f'''. Without the &quot;Box C&quot; containing the class of mail below the frank [[File: USA stamp type PC-E3p1ff.jpg|right|400px]]


::: '''g'''. &quot;Box E&quot; with USPS emblem at left, no tracking info[[File: PC-E1.3B-g.png|right|300px]]


::: '''h'''. &quot;Box E&quot; with USPS emblem at left, endicia emblem at right[[File: PC-E1.3B-h.png|right|300px]]


::'''PC-E1.3C'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users[[File: USA PC-F4aa.jpg|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 071M prefix


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::'''PC-E1.3D'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with &quot;'''endicia'''&quot; at lower left, [[File: PC-E1.3D.png|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 062S prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p4.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-E1.4. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: Similar to Type PC-E1.3B but with logo and &quot;'''endicia'''&quot; at upper right.
: The ID number is above the 2D bar code at right.
: The date is below the mail class designation at left.
: Identification number with &quot;071V&quot; prefix.
: Seem on large label that includes customs information.


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F5.jpg|right|530px]]

'''PC-E2.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) ''', 2002.
: Found only on the top of large address labels downloaded directly from the USPS web site. 
: In wide box at right is the 2D &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: To the left of the 2D barcode are &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; vertical, &quot;WWW.USPS.COM&quot;, value figures, and date.
: A series of nine 4-digit numbers is above the 2D barcode, and the ZIP code and identification number with 071V prefix are below.
: Very large “P” (for Priority Mail) or “E” (for Express Mail) in box at left. 
: Across the bottom is the class of mail spelled out.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00  [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|15px]]$00'''.'''00


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G2 B.jpg|right|580px]]

'''PC-E2.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. 
: Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo at right.
: This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1.
: Identification number, with 071V prefix, at right of the ZIP code

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00

:: '''Note'''. For similar item without identification number see &quot;'''PC-G3'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-E2.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. [[File: USA stamp type PC-G5.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
: Nearly identical to Types PC-C5.2 (Stamps.com) and PC-D3.3 (Pitney Bowes) except for the identification number which has &quot;071V&quot; prefix.


'''PC-E3.1. Endicia.com ''', 2010.

: Square &quot;DataMatrix&quot; barcode at right with company identity reading down at far right.
: Text from top, at left of barcode: &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot;, mail class (''may be omitted''), date (mmm dd yyyy), ZIP code, rate statement (''may be omitted''), &quot;CommBasePrice&quot; or &quot;CommPlusPrice&quot; (''may be omitted'')
: Later stamps also include a second, more specific, rate statement. (''see the image for &quot;b&quot; below'')
: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode.


:: '''A1'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (longer than DataMatrix is tall), barred &quot;I&quot; font[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12 better.jpg|right|520px]]

::: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::::: '''c'''. Printed on short label containing tracking bar code but not the destination address[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p1cc.jpg|right|320px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::::: '''e'''. Datamatrix bar code field contains vertical bars, probably caused by a malfunction [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E2p1ee.jpg|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''A2.1'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred &quot;I&quot; font 

::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''b'''. Text at top truncated: &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES P&quot;[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12bb.jpg|right|550px]]

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label type
! Box  B1 TYPE
! Box C type
! Meter number
! Line A equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip code
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''P'''
| XXXIII
| 071S00799149
| A17
| Commercial Plus Pricing
| Nov 27 2017
| 37801
| MARYVILLE TN
| 
|-
| FS4
| Black
| VIII
| 071S00773763
| A7
|
| Dec 19 2017
| 30605
| ATHENS GA
|
|-
| FS4
| Black
| VIII
| 071S00773763
| A7
|
| Dec 22 2017
| 30605
| ATHENS GA
|
|-
| 
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00913234
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice
| Aug 04 2014
| 33351
| SUNRISE FL
| subtype &quot;b&quot;
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00917592
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice 
| Feb 11 2014
| 11220
| BROOKLYN NY
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00917592
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice 
| Oct 11 2014
| 11220
| BROOKLYN NY
|
|}

:: '''A2.2'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred &quot;I&quot; font [[File:PC-E3.1A2.png|right|550px]]

::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''f'''. Datamatrix bar code field is wider than tall, not square [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.1ff.jpg|right|380px]]

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label type
! Box  B1 TYPE
! Box C type
! Meter number
! Line A equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip code
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| black box
| VIII
| 071V00908463
| A16
| 
| Dec 21 2017
| 75104
| CEDAR HILL TX
| 2 copies, framed
|-
| FS4
| '''P'''
| XXXIII
| 071V00970570
| A17
| CommercialBasePrice
| Jun 05 2018
| 28052
|
| shorter Enddicia on right
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}


:: '''B1'''. Company identity is a round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; (''first seen in late 2018'')

::: Unframed
::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode.

:::::'''-1''' Top two lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-1.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::::'''-2''' All but top line and fifth line bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-2.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::::'''-3''' All lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-3.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''B2'''. Company identity is a round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.1B.jpg|right|540px]]

::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode.

:  ''subtypes unknown ''
::::: '''a'''. Datamatrix barcode field omitted
::::: '''d'''. Printed without the tracking bar code


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12point1.jpg|right|520px]]

'''PC-E3.2. Endicia.com''', 2014.
: Similar to Type PC-E3.1 with square &quot;DataMatrix&quot; barcode, but the value figures are at upper left and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; is alone at top center.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00


[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p3.jpg|right|340px]]

'''PC-E3.3A. Endicia.com''', 2015.
: Similar to Types PC-E3.1 and PC-E3.2 but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is lower, below the date and ZIP code.
: The value figures are at far left.
: One seen, with &quot;FIM&quot; bar code at upper left.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: '''endicia.com''' reads down.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3p3B.jpg|right|365px]]

'''PC-E3.3B. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: '''endicia.com''' reads up.


Note:  Items formersly listed as &quot;'''PC-E3.3C'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.3D'''&quot; are now listed  as &quot;'''PC-E3.8.1'''&quot; AND &quot;'''PC-E3.8.2'''&quot; RESPECTIVELY.
      

[[File:USA stamp type PC-E2p4.jpg|right|520px]]

'''PC-E3.4. Endicia.com''', 2016.
: Similar to Type PC-E3.1 but inscribed &quot;U.S. POSTAGE PAID&quot; without &quot;AND FEES&quot;. Also the inscription is centered rather than high.
: Below &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; is &quot;From ZIP ##### and a rate statement.
: Rather than a large mail classification code, the mailer's name and address is found in the box at left.
: ID# with 071S prefix seen.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.5.jpeg|right|410px]]

'''PC-E3.5. Endicia.com''', 2018.
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types but with round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; horizontal at bottom left instead of vertical at right.
: Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; above the weight and mail class, price modification statement, date, ZIP code, identification number, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID''' identification&lt;/i&gt;) number, and the Endicia logo.
: No value figures are shown
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.

: The example reported was used on international mail.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E3.6. Endicia''', 2024. [[File:PC-E3.6.png|right|410px]]
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with &quot;endicia&quot; vertical at right but without round logo.
: Most similar to type '''PC-E3.1A2'''
: No line separating Box B1 and Box B2.
: Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; above the weight and mail class, '''IMI''' following mail class
: Price modification statement, date, ZIP code, Mail class 1, Mail class 2, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification&lt;/i&gt;) number, Mail class 3.
: No value figures are shown
: ID# with 063S prefix below bar code.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E3.7. Endicia''', 2025. [[File:PC-E3.7 251201.png|right|410px]]
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with &quot;endicia&quot; vertical at right but without round logo.
: Most similar to type '''PC-E3.6'''
: Text at left of barcode: At top: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; above the weight and mail class, 
: Stacked below are:Mail Class I with '''IMI''' following mail class, date, ZIP code, Mail class 2, Mail class 3, Mail class 4, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification&lt;/i&gt;) 8 digit number, .
: F/V: &quot;'''$0.00'''&quot;
: ID# with 063S prefix below bar code.

:: '''PC-E3.7.1'''. With green banner to left inscribed &quot;'''USPS CERTIFIED MAIL &lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;'''&quot;, barcode below

[[File:PC-E3.7.1.png|right|650px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3B.jpg|right|230px]]

'''PC-E3.8.1. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with different endicia logo.
: ID# with 071S prefix seen.
: Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down.
'''NOTE''': The extremely narrow stamp impression shown appears to be a printer/feeder error rather than a software variation.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3D.jpg|right|365px]]
'''PC-E3.8.2. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3C but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-E3.9. Endicia''' [[File:PC-E3.9 260623.png|right|410px]]
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; on the rate class line
: ID# with '''063S''' prefix seen.
: '''endicia''' reads down.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E4.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E4.1 250402B.png|right|410px]]

: Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, &quot;G&quot; a New Helvetica Block font
: Box B2 with &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class.
: 3 lines at top right, ID at top, customer ID below, source zip code at base.
: PDF 417(8) barcode with &quot;endicia&quot; (new logo) at right but without old round logo.

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types [BOX C]:  &quot;USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE&quot; ['''XXIX''']   &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E5.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E5.1 250402B.png|right|410px]]

: Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, &quot;G&quot; a New Helvetica Block font
: Box B2 with &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class.
: 2 lines at top right, ID at top, source zip code at base.
: PDF 417(8) barcode with &quot;endicia&quot; (new logo) at right but without old round logo.

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types [BOX C]: &quot;USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE TM&quot; ['''VI'''],  &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL ®&quot; [ “large ‘R-circle’”] ['''XVIII''']  &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-F: Franks generated by EasyPost software, with &quot;easypost&quot; in the frank}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* EasyPost is a software company that provides companies with integrated shipping options through USPS and several private carriers.
* The company was founded in 2012 although the first stamp came to our attention in 2016.
{{font/end}}

----
&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-F1.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2016 but possibly as early as 2012.
: The stamps we have seen appear on large address labels.
: The stamp contains a PDF417 barcode which sits under &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; and '''{{font|size=5|easypost}}''' at the right of the stamp.
: Left of the barcode are the date, ZIP code, &quot;CID&quot; (''number'') or &quot;C&quot; (number), and '''COMBASE''' or '''ComBasPrice''' (with no value figures).
: Along the bottom are the weight and identification number with &quot;0901&quot; prefix.
:: '''A'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
:: '''B'''. The stamp appears by itself with no framing or large mail class indicator


&lt;br&gt;
[[File: PC-F1.2.png|right|475px]]

'''PC-F1.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2025 

: As type &quot;'''PC-F1.1'''&quot; With heavier and slightly different typeface and spacing.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1p2.jpg|right|480px]]

'''PC-F2.1. &quot;easypost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal).
: Similar to Type PC-F1 but inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; rather than &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot;
: The text, including '''{{font|size=4|easypost}}''', is in a lighter and wider font than found on PC-F1.
: Also, without &quot;CID&quot; and number and with small '''ComBasPrice''' instead of '''COMBASE'''.
: And finally, the zeros are slashed.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-F2.2 260621mh.jpg|right|480px]]

'''PC-F2.2. &quot;easypost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal).
: Similar to Type PC-F2.1 but inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE PAID IMI&quot; rather than &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;
: The text/ font is similar to that found on PC-F1.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1.3.jpg|right|540px]]

'''PC-F3.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2021.

: As Type PC-F1 but the {{font|size=4|'''easypost.'''}} logo now has a period after it. The web address &quot;{{size=2|'''easypost.com/signup'''}}&quot; was added below the logo.

: This stamp includes a postage value which is preceded by &quot;Retail&quot; on the stamp we have seen.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00
: '''Note''': The origin ZIP code and customer ID have been blurred in the stamp photo.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:Easypost PC-F1.4.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F3.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo as PC-F3.1
::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
::: No value figures


::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}} &quot;'''F'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000004578 {{space|4}}C4000013 {{space|4}}83713 {{space|4}}2022-09-02{{space|4}}BOISE, ID
::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}&quot;'''P'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000004698 {{space|4}} {{space|4}}28405 {{space|4}}{{space|4}}WILMINGTON, NC


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-F4.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo different
::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
::: No value figures


::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}&quot;'''P'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000005499 {{space|4}}C4017644 {{space|4}}83709 {{space|4}}2022-11-18{{space|4}}BOISE, ID


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-F5.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot;


:: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left

[[File:PC-F4.2a.png|right|650px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F4.4.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.4. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot; without the web address.

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! Customer ID
! Note
|-
| FS5 wide
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000001316
| Commercial
| 2024-11-11
| 43228
| C4018567
| 012.0 ZONE 2
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000008901
| Commercial
| 2023-12-01
| 60607
| C4650528
| 0.10 CUBIC ZONE 3
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000010389
| Commercial
| 2023-12-28
| 63376
| C5299422
| 5.0 OZ ZONE 4
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''XXXI'''
| 0901000014322
| Commercial
| 2024-06-27
| 63376
| C5299422
| 0.20 CUBIC ZONE 4
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-F4.5. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2025.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; without the web address.


:: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left

[[File:PC-F4.5 250415.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-F4.6. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2026.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; without the web address.
::: &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot;


[[File:PC-F4.6 250901B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F55.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F5. &quot;Chit Chats&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Similar to &quot;'''PC-F4.2'''&quot;
::: Easypost Logo replaced by &quot;'''Chit Chats'''&quot;
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F6.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F6. &quot;Sendle&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Similar to &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot;
::: Easypost Logo replaced by &quot;'''Sendle&gt;'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-G: Franks generated by U.S. Postal Service software, without a vendor's identification number.}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* These stamps are a type of Post Office stamp (Group PO) but because they are generated online at the Postal Services's web site, they are listed here..
* The stamp was first reported in 2021.
{{font/end}}


----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font/top|size=3|color=black}}

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1.jpg|right|400px]]

'''PC-G1.''' (digital), 2021 but possibly earlier.
: The stamp is a large tracking label similar to Type PC-C5.1 with the USPS logo and &quot;Click-N-Ship&quot;® in the top panel. The ''postage'' part of the label is immediately below and at right. It contains in its upper left corner, &quot;usps.com, the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''', and a rate statement. The date is at lower left. At top right is a tracking number. At lower center is '''Mailed from''' and the ZIP code. In the center is a larger '''U.S. POSTAGE PAID''' above a small '''Click-N-Ship'''®, all backed by a field of wavy pale blue lines.
: V/F:  $(00)0.00
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1 detail.jpg|left|500px]]
{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.png|right|400px]]

'''PC-G2.1''' (digital), 2023 but possibly earlier.
: Similar to &quot;'''PC-G1'''&quot; but with a square Datamatrix barcode at the right of box &quot;'''B2'''&quot;.
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Mail Rate Class
! Type
! Date
! Mailed from Zip Code
! &quot;'''Box C'''&quot; Mail Class
|-
| P
| Flat Rate Env
| 05/08/2023 
| 63005
| XXX
|-
| G
| Insured
| 06/20/2024
| 02453
| VI
|-
| 
| 
|
|
|}


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.2.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.2''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier.
: Similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but with security print under &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; more heavily segmented
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PPS-G2.3.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.3''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier.
: Security print in &quot;Box B2&quot; similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but 
: &quot;Box D&quot; more similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.2'''&quot;
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.4.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.4''' (digital), 2024 
: Security print in &quot;Box B2&quot; similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but 
: Box A with USPS logo to left, &quot;USPS APIs&quot; to right
: &quot;Box D&quot; only with return address and destination to the right of 2D barcode
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-G2.jpg|right|550px]]

'''PC-G3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. 
: Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo at right.
: This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1.
: Without identification number
: See also &quot;'''PC-E2.2'''&quot; for similar item with identification number starting with &quot;071V&quot;

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00, 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|1=Sub-group PC-H: Franks generated by Francotyp-Postalia software, with &quot;FP&quot; logo in the frank}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* Francotyp-Postalia first entered the U.S. postage meter market in 2000. Only one stamp has been reported so far, and it is dated from 2019. Earlier dates are likely.
{{font/end}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'' The status of this item has been questioned, more information or scans would be important to have, please reply to editor.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font/top|size=3|color=black}}

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-H1.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-H1. &quot;Francotyp-Postalia&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2019 but probably earlier.
: The one stamp reported appears on alarge address label with the top (postage) section containing a PDF417 barcode.
: Above the barcode are, at left: the value figures and date, at center: the FP logo, and at right: '''US POSTAGE''', Mailed From [5-digit ZIP code], and the identification number with 032A prefix.

: '''ComBasPrice''' appears below the date on this stamp.
: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.

: V/F:  $ (00)0.000
{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Franks with &quot;E-postage&quot; or variant in the frank}}====
----

&lt;br&gt;

{{font/top|size=3}}
* Shipping labels with '''E-Postage''', '''ePostage''', '''ePOSTAGE''' and other variants in the frank were first reported in 2011. They are used by online commerce companies with business volumes large enough to justify special arrangements with shippers such as USPS, FedX, and UPS. 

* E-Postage is a program developed by USPS to accommodate the growth of ecommerce. Online merchants such as Amazon and Etsy use ePostage. In 2016 new company Shippo began operation as a shipping aggregator offering ePostage to any business.

* The stamps appear to be more like &quot;post paid&quot; permit stamps rather than metered mail but are shown here until we determine their exact nature.
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F2.jpg|right|500px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F14.jpg|right|500px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F1bb.jpeg|right|300px]]

* The stamps are found only on address labels with the top section having an enclosed mail-service letter at left and a frank box at right above a panel containing the mail class.
: The central section contains the return address, date, and addressee.
: The stamps show no value figures or identification number.
: The labels do include a tracking bar code and number.
: So far they have been found in two general formats:
:: '''-''' With single-line border surrounding the complete design, printed on label 135 mm tall
:: '''-''' With no outer border, printed on smaller label, 115 mm tall

* Known variations:
:: '''-''' Mail class appears in the frank box
:: '''-''' Incomplete box around mail-service letter at upper left
:: '''-''' Mailer's name repeated at top outside the frank box
:: '''-''' &quot;ComBasPrice&quot; appearing left of the frank box

'''NOTES''':
* Merchants have some control over the appearance of the stamp. The e-Postage designation is found in different fonts. The frank box is found in a variety of sizes with contents left justified or centered.
* When inaugurated in September 2011 only certain mail services were available through e-Postage system: Express Mail, Priority Mail, First-Class Mail parcels, Package Services (except Library Mail), and Parcel Select bar-coded non-presort.
* What is common to all e-Postage stamps is that the frank box contains e-Postage (or variant), U.S. POSTAGE PAID (or variant), and the mailer's identification.
{{font/end}}


----{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4jemf6fqhwlhx3gegdd8ieyp6t95zfo</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641917</id>
      <parentid>4641908</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T20:02:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Boris1951zz</username>
        <id>3378369</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-D: Franks from Pitney Bowes software, ID numbers with 02#P, 02#W, or 07#P prefix}} */</comment>
      <origin>4641917</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="121750" sha1="gji06m33ymdhawob14ka38632m76q3t" xml:space="preserve">==&lt;font size=5&gt;&lt;font color=#1F75FE&gt;'''GROUP PC: Special designs generated by personal computer'''&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;==
[[United_States_Postage_Meter_Stamp_Catalog |&lt;font size=2&gt;''&lt;u&gt;Click here to return to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;/font&gt;]]

{{font/top|size=3|color=#08457E}}
'''NOTE''': ''All the stamps listed here are valid only on the date generated. PC stamps with unrestricted validity, i.e. savable for future use, are more like traditional stamps than meter stamps and thus are not cataloged here. PC stamps with unrestricted validity are cataloged in '''&lt;i&gt;USA: Variable Denomination Stamps (1989-2020)&lt;/i&gt;''' by Karim Roder (available on Amazon).''

* Group PC stamps can vary considerably in size, font styles, and color within the same stamp type depending on personal printer settings, available fonts, etc. Size variations or colors other than black are unusual but are user controlled variables.

* The stamps are found on plain paper and adhesive labels depending on what the user has in his printer. Self-adhesive labels are sold by the various PC stamp companies and also by outside vendors. These labels exist both with and without fluorescent tagging. As with color and font, paper or label type is a user controlled variable, however to a great extent the parameters are set by United States Postal Service ( see: https://postalpro.usps.com/parcellabelingguide). It is recommended that the collector save the '''entire label'''.

* PC stamps are often found in a frame at the top right of large address labels. To the left of the stamp is a smaller frame containing a large letter or number representing the class of mail. Codes found are: &quot;'''1'''&quot; (first class), &quot;'''fcm'''&quot; (first class), &quot;'''P'''&quot; (priority), &quot;'''E'''&quot; (express), &quot;'''M'''&quot; (media), &quot;'''T'''&quot; (parcel post), solid block (media, or other), &quot;'''H'''&quot; (Hazardous), &quot;'''G'''&quot; (Ground Advantage), &quot;'''X'''&quot; (Media). Not all the codes are found with all the stamp types that use the labels.

* 2-Dimensional barcodes occur in two major types and several subtypes:
::::: PDF417 A horizontally stacked 2-dimensional barcode, each consists of  2 punctuators, 2 indicators and a variable number of data blocks.

::::::  subvariety PDF417(4) has 4 datablocks [[File: PDF417-224.png|right|250px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(6) has 6 datablocks [[File: PDF417-226.png|right|275px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(7) has 7 datablocks [[File: PDF417-227.png|right|300px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(8) has 8 datablocks [[File: PDF417-228.png|right|350px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(9) has 9 datablocks [[File: PDF417-229.png|right|375px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(12) has 12 datablocks [[File: PDF417-2212.png|right|400px]]


::::: Data matrix is a 2 dimensional barcode consisting of square or rectangular data blocks

::::::  subvariety DM-2H (&quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;) has 2 datablocks arranged horizontally [[File: DM-2HZ.png|right|100px]]


::::::  subvariety DM-2V (&quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;) has 2 datablocks arranged vertically [[File: DM-2VR.png|right|50px]]


::::::  subvariety DM-4 has 4 datablocks arranged as a square [[File: DM-4SQ.png|right|100px]]


* PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are  4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label.
[[File: ST size.png|right|200px]]

[[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File: FF size.png|center|200px]]


[[File: CF size.png|center|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;{{center/top}}* * *
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}}

{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-A: Franks from E-Stamp software, ID numbers with 05#E prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* All stamps have large, negative “e” logo at top right and &quot;PDF417&quot; bar code across the bottom with identification number at bottom right.
* &quot;US Postage&quot; and date are at top center, usually below a mail classification statement.
* Found both with and without FIM barcode at top left and also with and without slogan or directional slug at left.
* One hundred FD covers were prepared by E-Stamp in cooperation with the National Postal Museum on March 31, 1998. Trials took place for several more months. The first day of national availability was September 27, 1999.
* Although we must assume other mail classes were available, only '''First Class''', '''First-Class''', '''Priority''', and '''Priority Mail''' have been reported.
* E-stamp ceased operations at the end of 2000.
{{font/end}}


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}

----

&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-A1 FDC stamp.jpg|right|425px]]

'''PC-A1.10.''' March 31, 1998. {{space|2}} [RR]

: This stamp is found only on the First Day Covers prepared by E-Stamp and the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each.
: The value figures are large, 4mm tall. 
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: Mail class: &quot;First Class&quot; ({{font|size=2|''without hyphen''}}).
: Identification number with 051E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;}}  {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, 4mm tall''}})

'''PC-A1.11.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [RR][[File: PC-A1.11 251004.png|right|375px]]

: This stamp is found only on covers by the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each.
: The value figures are smaller than on &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot; but larger than on &quot;'''PC-A1.2'''&quot; ettc.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: Mail class: &quot;First Class&quot; ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}}).
: Identification number with 051E prefix  and about the same length as in &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot;
: V/F: {{space|4}}  {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;}}  {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, about 3½mm tall''}})

{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1e''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A1.2.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-A1.1 but with smaller value figures, 2 to 3mm tall.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; normally at bottom left below the barcode. 
: ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}})

: &lt;u&gt;Mail classes&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''A'''.  First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}})
:: '''B1'''. Priority {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''B2'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [R]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''b'''. With recipient's identity instead of &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at left below bar code field {{space|2}} [RR]
:: '''c'''. With 4-digit ZIP code

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|&quot;Express&quot; (or &quot;Express Mail&quot;) was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''RA1c and d''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1p3A.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A1.3.''' {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-A1.2 but value figures show decimal fractions of a cent and have wide spacing between the dollar sign and the decimal digit with the other figures.
: ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2.
:: '''A'''. V/F regular: {{space|4}} ${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} &lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''B'''.  V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} &lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;''

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1.4A.jpg|right|535px]]

'''PC-A1.4.'''
:  As PC-A1.3B but the value figures are spaced closely together.
:  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(12) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
:: '''A'''.  Destination town name at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 051E prefix {{space|4}} [RRRR]&lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''B'''.  &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 053E prefix {{space|4}} [S]
: The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2.
: V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; ''

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|Type PC-A1.4A is possibly the first E-stamp placed in use with paying customers, earlier than when PC-A1.2, PC-A1.3, and PC-A1.4B were issued.}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A2.''' March 2000. {{space|2}} [S]
:  As Type PC-A1.2 but the inscriptions are larger.
: &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at bottom left below the barcode. 
:  With PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
:  ID# with 053E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $ 0'''.'''00

: &lt;u&gt;Mail classes&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''A'''. First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}})
:: '''B'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [S]

[[File: USA PC-A2a.jpg|right|380px]]
:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; ({{font|size=2|''see below''}}) {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''b'''. &quot;Mailed From ZIP Code&quot; town line with 4-digit ZIP code instead of normal 5-digit code {{space|2}} [RR]

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|&quot;Express&quot; (or &quot;Express Mail&quot;) was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}}


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-B: Franks from Neopost software, ID numbers with 04#N or NO4#N prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* The stamp designs are quite different from each other. One has a four-pointed star logo, two have a torch in hand logo, and one has no logo. Even the bar codes are dissimilar.
* Neopost was the second company to enter the PC postage business with an experimental design sometime in early 1998. Circumstances of the trial remain unknown to us.
* Stamps are found both with and without FIM barcode at top left. Examples are not known with slogan or slug.
* &lt;u&gt;Classes of mail seen on PC-B stamps&lt;/u&gt;:

::{|
| '''A.''' {{space|4}} FIRST CLASS LTR [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]]

| '''F.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 2 [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]]

| '''M.''' {{space|4}} INTL LETTER

|-

| {{space|4}}  '''Aa.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS LTR

| '''G.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 3

| '''N.''' {{space|4}} INTL CAN LTR

|-

| '''B.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVERSZ

| '''H.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 4

| '''P.''' {{space|4}} INTL MEX LTR

|-

| {{space|4}}  '''Ba.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVSZ

| '''I.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 5

| '''Q.''' {{space|4}} NEXT DAY EXP MAIL

|-

| '''C'''. {{space|4}} PRIORITY MAIL

| '''J.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 6

| '''R.''' {{space|4}} MEDIA MAIL

|-

| '''D.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY LOCAL

| '''K.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 7

|-

| '''E.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 1

| '''L.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 8

|}
* Mail classes E through L were discontinued in June 2002. Examples are exceptionally rare. Most mail classes except the First Class variations are scarce to very rare.
* Neopost PC stamps became available nationally in May 1999.

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}

{{font/end}}

----
&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-B1.''' {{font|color=green|''The stamp previously cataloged here has not been found used on actual mail. For this reason the Type has been deleted and the stamp re-cataloged as Type ESY-DF2 in the Essay section.''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D1.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-B2. ”Postage Plus”™''', '''“PC Stamp™”''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RRR]
: This too is an experimental stamp. It was first seen in live tests in and near Washington DC and parts of northern California. It was offered nationally in May 1999 but saw little use.
: The stamp was used by two different systems, &quot;Postage Plus&quot; which used a live internet connection, and &quot;PC Stamp&quot; which downloaded postage credit into a rented hardware vault. 
: The design shows at top right two horizontal bars with &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; above the top one and the town line below the bottom one. Between the bars at right are a torch-in-hand logo left of small &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; reading up. Also between the ars are the class of mail, the value figures (centered), and the date.
: PDF417(7) barcode across the bottom 
: With &quot;DEVICE and identification number at bottom right. 
: Meter number with N041N, N041NA, or 041N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

:: '''a'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; at bottom left
:: '''b'''. With &quot;FIM&quot; baarcode at top left


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-B3.1.jpg|right|390px]]

'''PC-B3.1. “Simply Postage”™''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RR]
: Produced by an internet-connected labeling device.
: Similar to PC-B2 with torch-in-hand logo and point of sale data mixed with two horizontal bars, but otherwise quite different.
: The stamp is found only on self-adhesive labels with rounded corners and fluorescent red bar across the bottom edge.
: &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is vertical at far right just left of a double line of micro-printing reading &quot;NEOPOSTNEOPOST...&quot; vertically.
: Between the bars are the identification number, value figures, and date. Below the bottom bar is the town line, '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: Stamp with &quot;PDF417(9)&quot; bar code.
: Meter number with N042N prefix.
: Large value figures, 4½ to 5mm tall
: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØ ({{font|size=2|''with slashed zeros''}})


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-B3.2. “Simply Postage” '''. {{space|2}} [RR]
: As Type PC-B3.1 but the value figures have a tenths of a cent figure.
: Stamp with &quot;PDF417(9)&quot; bar code.
: Meter number with N042N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  $Ø'''.'''ØØ&lt;u&gt;ø&lt;/u&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1A''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1A.jpg|right|330px]]

'''PC-B4.1. “ProMail” ''', 1998? {{space|2}} [S]
: Produced by an internet-connected labeling device.
: Also printed on self-adhesive labels this stamp is much smaller than the PC-B3 stamps and contains the point-of-sale data at left and a square &quot;Datamatrix (DM-4)&quot; bar code at right.
: Point-of-sale data have the value figures at top followed by the class of mail, '''MAILED FROM''' (ZIP code) town line, &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot;, date and identification number.
: Fluorescent bar at far left just outside two lines of micro-printing reading &quot;NEOPOSTNEOPOST...&quot; vertically.
: Meter number with 045N prefix.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1B''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1B.jpg|right|330px]]

'''PC-B4.2. “ProMail” '''. {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-B4.1 but the value figures are slightly larger and the text is slightly bolder.
: square &quot;Datamatrix (DM-4)&quot; bar code at right.
: Labels have fluorescent bar at right.
: Meter number with 047N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-C: Franks generated by software from Stamps.com (StampMaster before 1999), ID numbers with 06#S prefix}}====


{{font/top|color=#0018A8|size=3}}
* The first stamp design has a negative {{space|1}}&lt;font size=4&gt;&lt;font color=black&gt;'''S'''&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;{{space|1}} in oval logo. All others contain {{space|1}}&lt;font size=4&gt;&lt;font color=black&gt;'''stamps.com'''&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;{{space|1}} somewhere in the design. Some time after Stamps.com acquired Endicia in November 2015 (see Sub-group PC-E) the logo {{space|1}}&lt;font size=4&gt;&lt;font color=black&gt;'''stamps'''&lt;sub&gt;'''endicia'''&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;{{space|1}} came into use.
* The stamps are found both with and without a FIM barcode at upper left.
* &lt;u&gt;Mail classes found with PC-C stamps&lt;/u&gt;:
::  {{space|4}}  FIRST CLASS, FIRST CLASS MAIL, FCI (first class international)  &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  PRIORITY MAIL  &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  EXPRESS MAIL  &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  MEDIA MAIL &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
: &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt; Collectors should be aware that the primary mail classes are found in a multitude of variations. For example, FIRST CLASS can be found as FIRST-CLASS PKG RATE, FIRST-CLASS MAIL PARCEL, FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE INTL, USPS FIRST CLASS MAIL, etc.. We do not know them all. Please inform the catalog manager regarding something different (&quot;'''Alan Knutson, boris1951@charter.net'''&quot;) if possible also include a scan.
* The StampMaster/stamps.com system was first trialed in the Washington DC area and in parts of California sometime before August 1998. It was made available nationally on September 27, 1999.

* PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are  4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label.
[[File: ST size.png|right|200px]]

[[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File: FF size.png|center|200px]]


[[File: CF size.png|center|400px]]


{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;{{center/top}}* * *
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

----
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]]
{{font/top|size=2|color=red}}
'''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label &quot;'''size FS5 (with 5 horizontal boxes, A thru E) or size FS6 (with six horizontal boxes, A thru F)'''&quot;, they will referenced as follows'''
::::: Panel or Box A:  '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'')
::::: Panel or Box B:  oftentimes subdivided  {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Icon/ Postage Payment'']}}
::::::: Box B1 &quot;'''F, P.'''&quot; etc,{{font|size=2|color=blue| ['''USPS''' ''Service Icon'']}}
::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Postage Payment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box C:  Mail Class {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Banner'']}}
::::: Panel or Box D:  Address  {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Address and Delivery Information Segment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box E:  Tracking number/Bar code {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Intelligent Mail package barcode segment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box F:  often times blank ('' sometimes not present'') {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Additional Information and User Segment'']}}

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C1.jpg|right|340px]]

'''PC-C1. StampMaster''', summer 1998. {{space|2}} [RRRR]
: Experimental stamp with negative “S”/Internet Postage logo at top center. 
: At top right are value figures, mail class, &quot;US POSTAGE”, and date. 
: &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; bar code across bottom with town line below at left and identification number below at right.
: Identification number with 061S prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C2.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-C2.1. stamps.com''', 1999.
: As Type PC-C1 but with &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo instead of the '''S''' in oval logo.
: &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at upper left
: At top right are the value figures, date, &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, and town line.
: 2-D barcode PDF417(6} across lower portion
: &quot;STAMPS.COM&quot; is below left of the bar code.
: Identification number with 061S or 062S prefix below right of bar code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt; 
[[File: USA PC-C2 redate.jpg|right|180px]]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;ADDITIONAL POSTAGE&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''b'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''c'''. With bottom line missing, blank below bar code
:: '''d'''. Bottom line present but without bar code
:: '''e'''. With &quot;MAIL TO:&quot; and ZIP code above left of the bar code
:: '''f'''. With nonsense characters across the bottom (''system malfunction'')

'''NOTES''':
* The &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo can vary considerably in size.
* The system could produce a re-date stamp without postage value, as shown (''right'').
* For a similar type inscribed &quot;'''Stamps /Endicia '''&quot; see &quot;'''PC-C8'''&quot;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C3.jpg|right|360px]]
[[File: USA PC-C3 redate.jpg|right|200px]]
'''PC-C2.2.''' 2000. 
: As Type PC-C2.1 but with larger inscriptions.
: Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D &quot;PDF417(6)&quot; barcode.
: Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
[[File:USA stamp type PC2p2 label.jpg|right|360px]]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;ADDITIONAL POSTAGE&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''b'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''c'''. With bottom line missing (blank below bar code)
:: '''d'''. With &quot;MAIL TO:&quot; and ZIP code above left of the bar code
:: '''e'''. With mailer's name replacing town line
:: '''f'''. With &quot;'''FIM'''&quot; barcode at the upper left.

'''NOTES''':
* The NOTES below PC-C2.1 apply to PC-C2.2 also.
* These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right.
* For a similar type inscribed &quot;'''Stamps /Endicia '''&quot; see &quot;'''PC-C8'''&quot;


[[File: USA PC-C4B.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-C2.3.1''' 2005.

: At top left: postage value above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and class of mail. 
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.
: &quot;Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: Basic stamp without framing

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.3.2''' 

: &quot;Stamps / Endicia” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: At top left: postage value above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and class of mail. 
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.
: Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.3.3''' 

: As '''PC-C2.3.2''', [[File: PC-C2.3.3p.png|right|500px]]
: &quot;Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left. 
: Class of mail spelled out below V/F, with type of pricing below
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above customer ID, above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.4.1''' 2005.
:  As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
:  Stamps.com logo right of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode. 
: &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top left above rate statement.
:  Meter number with 062S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. 
:: '''A'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code
::: '''1'''. Basic stamp without framing[[File: USA PC-C5A.jpg|right|400px]]


::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-C5B.jpg|right|540px]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
!
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0005418699
| 
| A7
| B0
| C5
| 11/21/2005
| 02845 
| 
|
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0005715741
|
| A6
| B3
| C1
| 09/06/2011 
| 66030 
| GARDNER, KS
| Box F split horizontally in two, &quot;Thank You&quot; in bottom half.
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 05/28/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/02/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 07/15/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009143056
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 02/20/2018
| 08080
| Mount Holly, NJ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009151784
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/01/2015
| 92154
| San Diego, CA
|
|}


:: '''B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code
::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.

[[File:USA stamp type PC-C2point4b.jpeg|right|400px]]


'''NOTE''': Sub-type '''B''' has been found printed directly onto a plastic bag. See image below.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4 NOTE.JPG|right|300px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C2.4.2''' 2005.
:  As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
:  With &quot;'''stamps / endicia'''&quot; replacing the stamps.com logo right of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode. 
: &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top left above rate statement.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
:: '''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).


::::: '''-1''' Prefix &quot;'''026W'''&quot;
{{font/top|size=2}}
: ’’’Known usage’’’:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! 
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 026W00048272786
| 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 04/11/2022
| 07036
| LINDEN, NJ
| Box F: order info?
|-
| 
|
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
::::: '''-2''' Prefix &quot;'''062S'''&quot;  
{{font/top|size=2}}
[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.png|right|450px]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! 
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A6
| 
| C5
| 01/02/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A6
| 
| C5
| 01/30/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, 
|-
| FS5
| '''E'''
| '''XXXV'''
| 062S0006097059
|
| A19
| B2
| C3
| 11/25/2019
| 45177
| VALENCIA CA
| Order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| III
| 062S0009416802
| 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 05/10/2022
| 14150
|
| Order info, framed
|}
{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

:: '''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.1 250331.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} Similar to &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} New &quot;'''Stamps'''&quot; logo
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Mail class indicator using &quot;'''New Helvetica'''&quot; font as opposed to &quot;'''Arial Block'''&quot; in &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''&quot;.
::: {{space|10}} Prefix &quot;'''063S'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with three lines in upper right and &quot;'''Arial Block'''&quot; font see &quot;'''PC-C2.4.3'''&quot;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-C2.4.2B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). '''Box F''' blank or with Proprietary info.
:::{{space|10}}Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(7) across bottom
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4ccc.jpg|right|450px]]
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0001435225
| 11675116
| A7
| B1
| 
| 02/24/2023
| 91311 
| CHATSWORTH, CA
| BOX F: order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S00014423--
| 8014--
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/12/2022
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442380
| 9726250
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022
| 28674
| PINEHURST, NC
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442584
| 7557381
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/21/2022
| 37211
| NASHVILLE, TN
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442597
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/10/2023
| 90058
| VERNON, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442618
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/10/2023
| 92618
| IRVINE, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442648
| 7535523
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022
| 54115
| DE PERE, WI
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442652
| 7535523
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/16/2022
| 54115
| DE PERE, WI
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442674
| 7460441
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/21/2022
| 63367
| LAKE SAINT LOUIS, MO
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442685
| 9619750
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/11/2023
| 94931
| COTATI, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S000144269-
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/11/2023
| 90058
| VERNON, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5?
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0001443299
| 6080690
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 11/17/2022
| 32174
| ORMOND BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001484855
| 17633955 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 03/08/2023  
| 68048
| PLATTSMOUTH, (NE)
| PC malfunction? Missing Box B2 barcode and insignia
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009145384
| 8290678 
| A1
| B3
| C1
| 02/05/2018
| 98338  
| GRAHAM, WA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0008589402
| 7557381
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022  
| 37211
| NASHVILLE, TN
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0009146178
| 8239329
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022  
| 60543
| OSWEGO, IL
| Box F order info
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009564660
| 7778491
| A1
| B3
| C3
| 10/22/2018
| 91304
| CANOGA PARK, CA
| BOX F with Business Info
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0009564879
| 7733098
| A20
| B6
| C3
| 10/17/2022
| 33619
| TAMPA, FL
|
|-
| FS5?
| '''1'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009565018
| 10860336
| A4
| B0
| C5
| 04/06/2020 
| 33458 
| JUPITER, FL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0010887747
| 8128979
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 06/13/2022
| 33167
| MIAMI, FL
| BOX F with Prop Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''II'''
| 062S0010937521
| 10709064
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 02/08/2021
| 92648
| HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''II'''
| 062S0010984631
| 10354575
| A8
| B2
| C3
| 04/27/2020
| 11791
| SYOSSET, FL (ERROR FOR NY)
| BOX F ORDER Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011128915
| 8051382
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 10/19/2020
| 53715
| MADISON, WI
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011129014
| 8051382
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 09/30/2020
| 53715
| MADISON, WI
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''P'''
| '''IV'''
| 062S0011682632 
| 10232544
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 02/08/2021
| 31558
| SAINT MARYS, GA
| 
|-
| FS4?
| '''P'''
| '''IV'''
| 062S0011682632 
| 10232544
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 09/29/2022
| 31558
| SAINT MARYS, GA
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011692109
| 9897299
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022
| 30101
| ACWORTH, GA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584392
| 5455555
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 10/27/2020
| 33458
| JUPITER, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584433
| 16035441
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022
| 84096
| HERRIMAN, UT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584494  
| 6916215
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022
| 85298
| GILBERT, AZ
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0012584517
| 17771454
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 08/22/2022
| 32401
| PANAMA CITY, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584551 
| 7778491
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 06/12/2020
| 91311 
| CHATSWORTH, CA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584560
| 17663543 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022 
| 27525 
| FUQUAY VARINA, NC
| Please Do Not Bend
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584561
| 8072505
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 06/28/2022 
| 06475 
| OLD SAYBROOK, CT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0013352599
| 10538570
| A1
| B1
| C4
| 09/21/2022 
| 45249
| CINCINNATI, OH
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0013352605
| 8072505 
| A1
| B2
| C3
| 06/28/2022 
| 06475
| OLD SAYBROOK, CT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950040
| 10137355
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/16/2022  
| 38474
| MOUNT PLEASANT, TN
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950074
| 8014787
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022  
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| Box F:Thank You For Your Order
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0014950080
| 8014787
| A5
| B4
| C4
| 12/12/2022  
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| BOX F &quot;Thank you for your order!&quot;
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0014950085
| 9765391
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 11/11/2022
| 84606
| SPRINGVILLE, UT
| BOX F with order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950089
| 9716903
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/02/2022  
| 83442
| AMMON, ID
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950092
| 9728837
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/10/2022  
| 84026
| FORT DUCHESNE, UT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950241 
| 8570771
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/19/2022
| 84062
| PLEASANT GROVE, UT
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950278 
| 17957223
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/03/2023
| 78245
| SAN ANTONIO, TX
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950365
| 580628?
| A6
| B2
| C3
| 09/13/2023
| 75041
| 
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950507 
| 6080690
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 11/17/2022
| 32174
| ORMOND BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950544 
| 10875452
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 03/14/2023
| 19317
| CHADDS FORD, PA
| 
|}
{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-C2.4.2C.0'''. ''2023''
::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). 
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is &quot;'''Arial Nova Bold'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.0 250331.png|right|450px]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0001442545
| 7537397
| A3
| B1
| C7
| 01/22/2024
| 48212
| HAMTRAMCK, MI
| Box F: Order info.

|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001443325
| 11683909
| A2
| B2
| C3
| 06/28/2023
| 46323
| HAMMOND, IN
|
|-
| FS5
| BLACK FILL
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0014949809
| 7542988
| A7
| B1
| 
| 03/25/2024
| 80116
| FRANKTOWN, CO
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950062
| 9717116
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 03/16/2024
| 98467
| UNIVERSITY PL, WA
| Box F: Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950187
| 4998344
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 02/27/2024
| 91761
| ONTARIO, CA
| Box F: Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950544
| 19750766
| A9
| B2
| C7
| 08/22/2024
| 93105
| SANTA BARBARA, CA
| Green band at top and a portion of left
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950560
| 17195820
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 10/12/2023
| 85013
| PHOENIX, AZ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| ?
| 6636835
| A14
| B6
| C7
| 05/01/2024
| 43228
| COLUMBUS, OH
| Box F: Order Info
|}

{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-C2.4.2C.1'''. ''2024''[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.png|right|450px]]
::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). 
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is &quot;'''New Helvetica Bold'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0001443239
| 6928035
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 01/22/2024
| 91733
| EL MONTE, CA
| Box F: Order info.
|}

{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C2.4.3''' 2024.[[File: PC-C2.4.3.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
::: {{space|10}} With new &quot;'''Stamps '''&quot;  logo replacing the stamps / endicia logo at the right of &quot;PDF417(8)&quot; barcode. 
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. 
::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with two lines in upper right and &quot;'''New Helvetica'''&quot; font see &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''&quot;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.4.4''' 2025.[[File: PC-C2.4.4 250802.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
::: {{space|10}} With new &quot;'''Stamps '''&quot;  logo at top right. 
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer's ID number and mailer’s Zip code at top right below &quot;'''Stamps'''&quot; logo. 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-C10.jpg|right|880px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-C2.5. ''' 

'''PC-C2.5.1 ''' 2014.

: Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the &quot;PDF417{8)&quot; barcode.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps.com'''&quot;. With &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; instead of value figures.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.5C.jpg|right|890px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2p5B.jpg|right|860px]]

'''PC-C2.5.2 ''' 2014.

: Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the &quot;PDF417{8)&quot; barcode.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps endicia'''&quot;. 
:: '''A'''.  With value figures: {{spaces|5}} $00'''.'''00
:: '''B'''.  With &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; instead of value figures.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p7.jpg|right|880px]]

'''PC-C2.5.3''' ''2012.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.4 but with date between the &quot;FROM&quot; (ZIP code) and the Stamps.com logo.
: Seen with tracking number at right of the frank, on a customs form.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: PDF417(7) barcode

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC2point6.jpg|right|500px]]


'''PC-C2.6.0.''' ''2015.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.3B but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is right of the value figures rather than below them.
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 

:: '''A'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps.com'''
:: '''B'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''[[File: PC-C2.6B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.6.1.''' ''2025.''
: As Type PC-C2.6.0 but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE imi&quot; is to the right of the value figures.[[File: PC-C2.6.1.png|right|500px]]
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: New '''Stamps''' logo to the right of the bar code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA stamp type PC-G2B.jpg|right|580px]]

'''PC-C2.7.1.'''
: With &quot;DPDF417&quot; barcode as with Types PC-C2.1 through PC-C2.5 but without &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo.
: Top panel contains USPS eagle logo and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; at left.
: Tracking number above the barcode.
: Identification number with 062S prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00, {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Commercial Base Pricing&quot; immediately below the 2D barcode


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-G4B.jpg|right|1000px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G4.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.7.2.'''


: Similar to Type PC-C2.7.1 but very wide imprint with '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo above usps.com (without the eagle-head logo)/ &quot;US POSTAGE / PAID&quot; at left.
: Along the bottom are the weight, date, Mailed from ZIP code, and meter identification number with &quot;062S&quot; prefix.
: ''It appears that this stamp is generated only for International Priority and Express mail services.''
: Two versions are known:
:: '''A'''. Tracking barcode at far left in the panel. Smaller lower panel contains the mail class statement.
:: '''B'''. Smaller stamp, traditional barcode at center of panel, USPS logo at far left. A Customs Declaration statement appears above the traditional barcode. No lower panel containing a mail class statement, and no indication anywhere of the mail service being used.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C2.8''' 2020.

: With barcode as with all previous PC-C2 types but with the value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; at top above the date and &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and ZIP code.

: Below the bar code is the '''stamps endicia''' logo at left and the identification number at right.
: The identification number prefix is uncertain as the stamp we have seen appears to suffer from a software glitch. (See the illustration.)
: PDF417(4) barcode
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

:: '''A'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''  large [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.8.jpg|right|500px]]
:: '''B'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''  small [[File: PC-C2.8B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.9.jpg|right|500px]]
'''PC-C2.9''' 2021.
: Similar to PC-C2.8 but with a rate statement rather than value figures.
: Above the &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; bar code:
:- US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
:- date, Mailed from ZIP [code]
:- weight and rate statement(s)
: Below the bar code: '''stamps endicia''' logo at left and the identification number with 062S prefix at right

:: '''A'''. Large &quot;'''stamps / endicia'''&quot; logo, 062S with 7 digits
:: '''B'''. Small &quot;'''stamps / endicia'''&quot; logo, 062S with 10 digits, FS5 label [[File: PC-C2.9B.png|right|450px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA stamp type PC-C6.jpg|right|140px]]

'''PC-C3.1.''' 2007.
: Stamp with horizontal &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode.
: Small frank with value figures at top above &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot;, class of mail, &quot;FROM&quot; ZIP code, and date.
: Below the date are the stamps.com logo, the barcode, and identification number at bottom.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-C7.jpg|right|195px]]

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2aa.jpg|right|175px]]
'''PC-C3.2.1'''
:  As Type PC-C3.1 but the &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. 
:  '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix.  
:  Town line &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
:: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment)
:: '''b'''. Town line without ZIP code showing &quot;FROM&quot; alone
[[File: USA stamp type PC3p2 label.jpg|right|360px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-C3.2.2'''. '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix.

:: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment)
:: '''c'''. Numeric month in date, as: {{space|4}} 00/00/2018[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2C label.jpeg|right|380px]]
:: '''d'''. With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C3.2.3'''  ''2025''
:  As Type PC-C3.2.1 but the &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. 
: &quot;'''US POSTAGE IMI'''&quot;
:  tHE NEW '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''063S''' prefix.  
:  Town line &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;

[[File: PC-C3.2.3 250217.png|right|360px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTE''': These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right. Other label sizes and shapes exist. See below.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3p3.jpg|right|370px]]

'''PC-C3.3.''' 2018.
: Identification number and Stamps.com logo read down at far right.
: From the top down, point-of-sale data is:
:: Value figures
:: '''US POSTAGE'''
:: mail class
:: ZIP code and date
:: Horizontal IBI Lite bar code
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
'''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3.4 actual.jpg|right|370px]]

'''PC-C3.4.''' 2021.
: As Type PC-C3.3 but with '''stamps /endicia''' at right.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
'''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-C3.2 250115.png|right|150px]]

'''PC-C3.5.''' 2022.
: Most similar to Type PC-C3.1 but without company identification.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 

::::-A [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]&lt;font size=2&gt;&lt;font color=191970&gt;: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
::::-B [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]&lt;font size=2&gt;&lt;font color=191970&gt;: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
[[File:PC-C3.5B 250116.png|right|150px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA PC-F10.jpg|right|940px]]


'''PC-C4.1.1.''' 2002.
:  Very wide design with large &quot;Delivery Confirmation&quot; 1D barcode at center and square Datamatrix barcode at right.
: Above the 2D barcode are the weight, ZIP code, ID# with 062S prefix, and date.
: At far left is the class of mail above “US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID”.
: Without value figures. The &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo is below the 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

 '''PC-C4.1.2.'''. With value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.1.''' (&quot;stamps.com&quot; logo below 2D barcode)[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1D.jpg|right|940px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C4.2.1.'''. With &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo and value figures at top above the 2D barcode: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 (&quot;stamps.com&quot; logo at top)[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10B.jpg|right|940px]]

:: '''a'''. Without tracking barcode at center[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10aa.jpg|right|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C4.2.2.'''. Without value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.2.1.''' 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}


'''PC-C4.3.'''. As '''PC-C4.1.1.''', with new company  logo, '''stamps indicia'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1E.jpg|right|940px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9 complete.jpg|right|540px]]


'''PC-C5.1.''' 2011.
:  The point-of-sale text is immediately to the left of the square Datamatrix barcode rather than above. 
: The frank appears unframed at the top of an address label.
: Identification number with 062S prefix.  
: The country name is not in or near the frank, but &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; is found at bottom below the mail class.
: With value figures
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C5.2.'''. As '''PC-C5.1.''',Without value figures[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9B.jpeg|right|540px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C5.3.'''. As '''PC-C5.2.''', with new company  logo, '''stamps / endicia'''[[File: PC-C5.3.png|right|540px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C6.1.''' 2020. [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3.jpg|right|390px]]

: ”'''stamps/endicia'''” logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and code. V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
'''PC-C6.2.'''. As'''PC-C6.1.''', Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top

: ”'''stamps/endicia'''” logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S or 071S prefix.

:::: '''A'''. Small Mail Class letter, shorter than the barcode.[[File:PC-C4.3B2.png|right|450px]]

::::: '''-1'''. Prefix &quot;'''061S'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0001442198
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Jul 05 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0001442222
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Jun 07 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0009761530
| 13928181
| A7
| B1
| 
| Feb 02 2023
| 48375
| NOVI, MI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''X'''
| 062S0010968105
| 12429570
| A10
|
| C6
| Sep 20 2022
| 32207
| JACKSONVILLE, FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0012584411
| 17222940
| A10
| 
| C6
| Aug 22 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0013352605
| 17222940
| A10
|
| C6
| Aug 22 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0014950307
| 17222940
| A1
| B2
| C6
| Nov 10 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0014949919
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Sep 04 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0014950343
| 11746372
| A1
| B2
| C6
| Mar 06 2023
| 11716
| BOHEMIA NY
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''-2'''. Prefix &quot;'''071S'''&quot;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 071S00894672
| 
| A10
| 
| C6
| Apr 15 2022
| 90021
| (RIALTO CA)
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 071S00894672
| 
| A10
| 
| C6
| Feb 09 2023
| 90021
| (NEWARK NJ)
|
|}

{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::: '''B'''. Large Mail Class letter, taller than the barcode.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3B.jpg|right|450px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''SE1''' and '''SE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F7.jpg|right|540px]]
[[File: USA PC-F8.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-C6.3.1.''' 2002.[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|6px]]V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: Downloaded directly from the Stamps.com web site. 
: Square Datamatrix barcode at right with &quot;stamps.com&quot; reading up to its right. 
: Text left justified as follows: 
: Value figures at top above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, ID number, and ZIP code
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C6.3.2.''' Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; above date, ID# with 062S prefix, ZIP code, rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C7 ''' 2023. [[File: PC-C7.png|right|400px]]

: DataMatrix 2-D barcode at right
: Manufacturer's logo is to the right of the &quot;DataMatrix(4)&quot; barcode.
: &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps endicia'''&quot;. 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C8.''' 2025. [[File: PC-C8 250601.png|right|360px]]

: Similar to types &quot;'''PC-C2.1, PC-C2.2'''&quot;
: Corporate logo as &quot;'''Stamps / Endicia '''&quot;
: Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D &quot;PDF417(3)&quot; barcode.
: With &quot;'''FIM'''&quot; barcode at upper left
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00


'''NOTES''':
* These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-D: Franks from Pitney Bowes software, ID numbers with 02#P, 02#W, or 07#P prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* The earlier stamps show logos consisting of an eagle's head and wing. Later stamps are generic, text and bar code only, but most include &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; in the design. One stamp, Type PC-D4, does not include the company name and is identifiable as a Pitney Bowes product only by the identification number with &quot;02&quot; prefix.
* Identification number prefixes seen so far are 022P, 024P, 022W, 026W and 071P.
* Pitney Bowes PC stamps began field testing in the Washington DC area in December 1998.

{{font/end}}
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0A.jpg|right|415px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0B.jpg|right|415px]]
'''PC-D0. “ClickStamp Online”''', probably 1998. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare'']
: Experimental stamp with small eagle profile image at upper right. Left of the eagle are the date, value figures,  and “US POSTAGE” with three stars. Above the “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode field are the identification number at left and “Mailed From Zip Code” and ZIP code.

: Identification number with 022P000230 prefix.
:: '''A'''. The type font is somewhat heavy. The &quot;P&quot; in the ID number has no serif. Three reported:
::: 1) ID number 022P0002300165, ZIP code 20260 
::: 2) ID number 022P0002306771, ZIP code 20032
::: 3) ID number 022P0002307167, ZIP code 13057
:: '''B'''. The type font is somewhat lighter. The &quot;P&quot; in the ID number has serif at bottom. ID number 022P0002306600, ZIP code 20260
: V/F: {{space|2}} $ ~0.00&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; 
 
: '''NOTE''': This stamp type was previously cataloged as an essay (ESY-DB4.4) until verifiably postally used covers were identified.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|right|415px]]

'''PC-D1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 21 April 1999. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare'']
: Experimental stamp with eagle with wavy wing below &quot;FIM&quot; barcode. 
: Stamp with “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode.
: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, date, value figures, ZIP code, and identification number stacked at right.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: Class of mail vertical at left side.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o
 
: '''NOTE''': When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2A.jpg|right|415px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2B.jpg|right|430px]]

'''PC-D2.1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 2000. 
: Similar to Type PC-D1 but straight eagle's wing above &quot;PITNEY BOWES&quot;. 
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
:: '''A'''. Inscribed &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; with stops. &quot;MAILED FROM ZIP CODE&quot; one line, all capitals.
:: '''B'''. Inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; without stops. &quot;Mailed from ZIP Code&quot; in two lines, mixed case.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o

'''NOTES''':
: 1)  When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red.
: 2)  The system allows for a re-date stamp without postage value (as shown below).

: 3)  Pitney Bowes required at least some users of ClickStamp Online to send them a sample print once a year on an envelope marked withe the components of the user's system. (Example shown below right.)

[[File: USA PC-E3 redate.jpg|left|330px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2.1 NOTE 3.jpeg|right|500px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E4.jpg|right|390px]]

'''PC-D2.2. “ClickStamp Online”'''. 
: This is the postage correction frank used with the software system that produced type PC-D2.1.
: The eagle is larger than with type PC-D2.1 and in line with the date which is above &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; rather than below.
: Large “POSTAGE CORRECTION” below eagle.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: Without town line or ZIP code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]]
{{font/top|size=2|color=red}}
'''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label, they will referenced as follows'''
::::: Panel or Box A:  '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'')
::::: Panel or Box B:  oftentimes subdivided  
::::::: Box B1 &quot;'''F, P.'''&quot; etc, 
::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number
::::: Panel or Box C:  Mail Class
::::: Panel or Box D:  Address 
::::: Panel or Box E:  Tracking number/Bar code
::::: Panel or Box F:  often times blank ('' sometimes not present'')
{{font/end}}
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p1A.jpg|right|345px]]
[[File: USA PC-F6.jpg|right|515px]]

'''PC-D3.1A. &quot;Shipstream Manager&quot;'''. 
: As with PC-D1 through PC-D2.3, with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; or &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;, date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above barcode.
: Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and the ID number with 071P prefix. 
: Basic stamp without framing. Top line contains value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;. 
::: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.1B. &quot;Shipstream Manager&quot;'''. 
: Box B2 &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; or &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;, date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below. Top line &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;.  With rate statement instead of value figures.
: No Box A, Box B the dividing line extends the entire height of the box. 
: Identification number  071P prefix

:: '''A'''. &quot;'''FCM'''&quot; in Box B1
::: '''a'''.  Box B2 &quot;'''US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID'''&quot;/DATE    &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; / / &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode / &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;     Identification number
:::: '''1'''. Box C: &quot;'''USPS FIRST CLASS'''&quot;
::::: '''-a'''. Box B2: 3rd line &quot;1oz First-Class Parcel rate&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD5''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1A.jpg|right|530px]]
[[File: USA PC-G1B.jpg|right|550px]]

'''PC-D3.2.''' 
: Found only on labels downloaded from internet vendor eBay. 
: In panel across the top are the USPS eagle logo at left and the '''eBay''' logo at right.
: Inside the stamp frame: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; and rate statement centered above the &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and the identification number with 024P prefix.
: Large rate indicator in frame at left.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil
: {{font|size=2|color=red|See also '''PC-D3.3B.6'''}}

:: '''A'''. With value figures
:: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3'''.
: Similar to Type PC-D3.2,
: A large label formatted with as many as 7 subsections (&quot;'''boxes'''&quot;)
: Below &quot;'''Box A'''&quot; if present, or at the top there are two boxes (&quot;'''Box B1'''&quot; at the left and &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; at the right)
: Within &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; is the “'''PDF417(7)'''” 2D barcode there is nothing above the barcode. 
: Also within &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; are 3 '''stacks''', 
: '''Stack B2.1''' &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; (''or variation''), date, “From” and ZIP code, weight, and optionally a Zone number are stacked at left.
: '''Stack B2.2''' Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and a rate statement or statements at the center. 
: '''Stack B2.3''' Meter number/ID number at right.
: The ID number has 022W, 024P, or 026W prefix.
: In a smaller box at left (&quot;'''Box B1'''&quot;) is a large letter code representing the mail class.
: In a wide box (&quot;'''Box C'''&quot;) below &quot;'''Box B1'''&quot; and &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; is the class of mail.
: If present the value figures appear above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;.
: '''Labels may be framed or unframed'''
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3A'''. With value figures
: A large label with 6 boxes &quot;'''FS5'''&quot;(&quot;'''Boxes B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''&quot;)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3A1'''.
:: '''Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3A2'''.   '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date   [[File: PC-D3.3A3.png|right|500px]]
:: '''A'''. '''026W'''  &lt;font size=1&gt;over 10-digit number starting with&lt;/font&gt; 0004

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897241
| CommPrice
| 06/20/2023
| 32961
| VERO BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897622
| CommPrice
| 10/18/2023
| 29568
| 
| 
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
:: '''B'''. '''028W'''  &lt;font size=1&gt;over 10-digit number starting with&lt;/font&gt; 0002

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310688
| CommPrice
| 05/11/2024
| 34293
| VENICE FL
| 
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3A3'''.   '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date as &quot;'''PC-D3.3A3'''&quot;, Box A with &quot;'''UNITED STATES / POSTAL SERVICE ®'''&quot; and emblem on left.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B'''. With rate statement

'''PC-D3.3B.1'''.[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3.jpg|right|500px]]

::''' Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date

'''PC-D3.3B.1A'''.  Prefix &quot;'''21B'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0050723999
| CommPrice
| 07/20/2022
| 07112
| Newark NJ
| Box F: order data
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0060312094
| CommPrice
| 11/28/2022
| 07036
| Linden NJ
| Box F: order data
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0060494251
| CommPrice
| 11/28/2022
| 90670
| Santa fe springs CA
| Box F: order data
|}

'''PC-D3.3B.1B'''.  Prefix &quot;'''26W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
|
| '''P'''
| '''VII'''
| 026W0004897242
| ComPlsPrice
| 11/25/2020
| 07419
|
|
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 026W0004897590
| 
| 01/02/2021
| 97239
| Portland OR
|
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 026W0004897774
| CommPlsPrice
| 07/31/2020
| 60490
| Bolingbrook IL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897814
| CommPrice
| 01/08/2021
| 91304
| Los Angeles CA
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897894
|
|
| 54843
|
|


|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.1C''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4A.0.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.1A.B''' but with customer ID at lower right
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE''' above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''VII'''
| 026W0004897326
| 3000093152
| ComPlsPrice
| 12/04/2020
| 91706
| IRWINDALE CA
| ID numbers in larger font
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897491
| 3000008007
| CommPrice
| 05/23/2019
| 48114
| BRIGHTON MI
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.2'''.[[File: PC-D3.3B.1.png|right|500px]]

:: '''Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE / PAID''' in two lines  above the date


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
| 12/29/2021
| 54843 
| Hayward WI
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.3A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.3.png|right|500px]]
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W [[File: PC-D3.3B.3A-H 2501002.png|right|500px]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''H'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0002310502
| CommPrice
| 08/04/2025
| 33068
| North Lauderdale FL
| &quot;'''HAZMAT-Surface Transportation Only'''&quot;
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897241
| CommPrice
| 01/26/2023
| 13147
| SCIPIO CENTER NY
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897242 
| CommPrice
| 08/16/2022
| 93943
| MONTEREY CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897400
| CommPrice
| 05/24/2023
| 16063
| ZELIENOPLE PA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897451
| CommPrice
| 11/24/2023
| 95240
| LODI CA
|
|-
| PS4
| '''P'''
| '''XIII'''
| 026W0004897525
| CommPrice
| 10/23/2023
| 98239
| COUPEVILLE WA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| PS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897591
| CommPrice
| 03/07/2022
| 92404
| SAN BERNARDINO CA
| 
|-
| PS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 02/02/2022
| 92404
| SAN BERNARDINO CA
| 
|-
| PS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 12/06/2023
| 81413
| CEDAREDGE CO
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| PS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897778
| CommPrice
| 02/27/2023
| 76013
| PANTEGO TX
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 026W0004897790
| CommPrice
| 11/01/2022
| 08110
| PENNSAUKEN NJ
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897812
| CommPrice
| 11/25/2023
| 11432
| JAMAICA NY
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897816
| CommPrice
| 08/22/2022
| 33770
| LARGO FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897817
| CommPrice
| 06/20/2023
| 77030
| HOUSTON TX
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897878
| CommPrice 
| 08/25/2022
| 66505
| MANHATTAN KS
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
| 01/23/2023
| 08110
| PENNSAUKEN NJ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897895
| CommPrice
| 02/04/2022
| 45806
| CRIDERSVILLE OH
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897895
| CommPrice
| 11/21/2023
| 95628
| FAIR OAKS CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897939
| CommPrice
| 03/28/2022
| 55304
| ANDOVER MN
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897942
| CommPrice
| 04/29/2022
| 06514
| HAMDEN CT
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004898023
| CommPrice
| 09/23/2022
| 75150
| MESQUITE TX
|
|}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.3B'''
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date [[File: PC-D3.3B.3B 250415.png|right|500px]]
:: Meter numbers: 028W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310364
| CommPrice
| 03/18/2024
| 96003
| REDDING CA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311094
| CommPrice
| 02/05/2024
| 34222
| ELLENTON FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311094
| CommPrice
| 08/22/2024
| 11735
| FARMINGDALE NY
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311374
| CommPrice
| 02/22/2024
| 33436
| BOYNTON BEACH FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311472
| CommPrice
| 03/04/2025
| 92376
| RIALTO CA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.4A.1''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 026W0004897241
| 3001124484
| ComPlsPrice
| 06/17/2022
| 93380
| VISALIA CA
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.4A.2''' 
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 028W


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 028W0002310218 
| 3000559694
| 
| 02/03/2023
| 98144
| SEATTLE WA
| Box F: order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 028W0002310350
| 3001704288
| CommPrice
| 02/03/2023
| 80907
| COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B.4B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4B.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
:: Meter numbers: 028W


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310174
| 3002184618
| CommPrice
| 07/08/2024
| 60647
| CHICAGO IL
| 
|-
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.5A''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5a.png|right|500px]]
:: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' 
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897798
| CommPrice
| 01/24/2023
| 30907
| MARTINEZ GA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.5B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5B.png|right|500px]]
:: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' 
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 028W
:: Customer Identification Number below meter number

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B.6'''
:: A large label with 6 sections, 7 boxes  (&quot;'''Boxes A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''&quot;)
:: A box (&quot;'''Box A''') across the top containing the USPS eagle logo and &quot;UNITED STATES/ POSTAL SERVICE&quot; at left and a mailer's logo or identification at right. 
:: {{font|size=2|color=red|'''NOTE:''' ''For examples with'' '''Penalty of Fines Under 18 / USC 3571 for Private Use''' ''see'' '''OO-M1'''}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6A'''
:: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3,  US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6A.1A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.1.png|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;
: identification number starts with &quot;'''026W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897242
| CommPrice
| 01/08/2022
| 19565
| WERNERSVILLE PA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897486
| CommPrice
| 08/19/2023
| 76002
| ARLINGTON TX
|
|-
| FS6
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897525
| CommPrice
| 10/24/2023
| 35952
| SNEAD AL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897623
| CommPrice
| 05/08/2023
| 50010
| AMES IA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''P'''
| 
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
|
| 30513
|
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| 
| 026W0004897941
| CommPrice
|
| 60108
|
|
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6A.1B'''
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;
: identification number starts with &quot;'''028W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310428
| 
| 06/18/2024
| 60512
| MONTGOMERY IL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 028W0002310575
| 
| 05/31/2024
| 34677
| OLDSMAR FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311092
| CommPrice
| 06/13/2024
| 11103
| ASTORIA NY
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6B'''
:: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3,  US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6B.1'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.11.png|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897813
| CommPrice
| 06/30/2022
| 07111
| IRVINGTON NJ
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6C'''
:: '''Box B2'''   &quot;'''US POSTAGE / AND FEES PAID'''&quot; in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6C.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3C.jpg|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with “'''www.pitneybowes.com'''”

{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: For labels of this type used by an US Government Agency and with a Penalty statement see type &quot;'''OO-M1'''&quot;}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897572
| CommPrice
| 06/29/2021
| 76155
| 
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6D'''
:: '''Box B2'''   &quot;'''US POSTAGE'''&quot; in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6D.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3dd.jpg|right|500px]]

: '''Box A''' with “'''www.paypal.com'''”


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6?
| '''X'''
| '''X'''
| 026W0004897485
| CommPrice
| 11/25/2020
| 55422
| 
|}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p4.jpg|right|530px]]
'''PC-D3.4'''
: Similar to PC-D3.3 but with tracking number added above the PDF417 2D barcode.
: Stacked at left of the 2D barcode are &quot;usps.com&quot;, the value figures, &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, a rate statement, and in the bottom corner, the date.
: Centered below the 2D barcode are “Mailed from” and ZIP code and “024P”.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}}  $00'''.'''00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|color=green|'''''NOTE: The stamp previously cataloged as Type PC-D3.5 is now a sub-type of PC-D3.3.'''''}}
[[File: PC-D3.5.png|right|1000px]]

'''PC-D3.5'''
: &quot;'''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI'''&quot; in two lines
: Unboxed rate class designation letter
: &quot;'''PDF417(7)'''&quot; 2-D barcode on right
: Meter Identification on right above customer Identification number
: Meter identification number: 028W followed by 10 digits
: On customs declaration form (CD)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D4.1.'''
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G6.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
: Similar to Type PC-D3.4 but in wider format with the tracking barcode at far left.
: Meter number seen with &quot;024P&quot; prefix.
: With value figures below &quot;PAID&quot;.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  $0'''.'''00
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.2.'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.7.jpeg|right|1000px]]

: Wide format as with PC-D4.1 but &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and the mail class are at far left with the tracking barcode below.
: The postage data is found below the PDF417 barcode, as follows:
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix
:: Pitney Bowes (with &quot;CommPrice&quot; [or value figures?] below)
:: date
:: &quot;From&quot; ZIP code
:: weight
:: (destination) zone

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D4.3.1.'''[[File: PC-D4.3.1 260630.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.2 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID '''&quot; 
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.3.2.'''[[File: PC-D4.3.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.2 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot; 
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.4.'''[[File: PC-D4.4 250914.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.4 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot; at right above Identification number.
:: Two black bars complete from left to right
:: ID# with &quot;028W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.1.'''
: At right is the square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode.
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix
: At left: date/ ZIP code/ weight
: Always found on framed address label, and never with value figures.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.1A.''' [[File: USA PC-F9.jpg|right|500px]]
: At left solid block rate code indicator
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix at base


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.1B.'''[[File: PC-D5.1B.png|right|500px]]
: At left outline rate code indicator
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix in middle

::: '''-1'''. Meter identification number positioned as in the illustration  for '''PC-D5.1A.'''
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.2.''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B.jpg|right|307px]]
: Similar to Type PC-D4.1 but &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; is vertical reading up at left.
: The rate, date, ZIP code, and weight are stacked between &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; (italicized) at top and the identification number at bottom.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: &quot;'''Found only on International postage/address/customs forms purchased online from the USPS web site.'''&quot;
: The complete form is shown reduced at right. Occurs in at least two types:
::::{{space|5}}  Type I {{space|5}}  &quot;To/From&quot; horizontal
::::{{space|5}}  Type II {{space|4}}  &quot;To/From&quot; vertical
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 or nil
:{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: &quot;'''For labels of this type the collector should save the whole form'''&quot;}}


:: '''A'''. With &quot;ONLINE DISCOUNT RATE&quot; below US POSTAGE PAID  
:: '''B'''. With postage paid shown in dollars and cents [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9point1B.jpg|right|307px]]
:: '''C'''. Without rate, blank between US POSTAGE PAID and the date


[[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B document.jpg|right|800px]]
[[File: PC-D5.2z.png|right|800px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.3. “Shipstream Manager”''', 2006.[[File: USA PC-F11.jpg|right|888px]]
: Very wide design with square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode at right and large tracking barcode at center.
: Above the 2D barcode are the date, ZIP code, weight, and &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;.
: Below the 2D barcode is the ID number with 024P prefix.
: At far left is “US POSTAGE PAID” above the class of mail.
:: '''A'''. With rate statement instead of value figures.
:: '''B'''. With value figures above the date


[[File: USA stamp type PC-D4point3B.jpeg|right|888px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3point1.jpg|right|570px]]

'''PC-D5.4. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''', 2011. 
:  As Type PC-D4.5 but with &quot;www.pbSmartPostage.com&quot; instead of the eBay logo. 
:  Identification number with 024P prefix.
:: '''A'''. With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00
:: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Commercial Base Pricing&quot; immediately below the &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.5.''' (presumed to be '''“Shipstream Manager”'''), 2013.[[File: USA stamp type PC-F15.jpg|right|888px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D4.3 but with the elements rearranged.
: The identification number, date, &quot;From&quot; Zip code, and weight are below the square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode.
: The tracking barcode is at far left rather than center.
: At near left of the Datamatrix barcode is &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;.
: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; and the mail class are at far left above the tracking barcode.
:  Identification number with 024P prefix.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


:: '''A'''. With value figures above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
:: '''B'''. Without value figures

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.6. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''', 2006. 

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00 {{space|2}} [scarce]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.7. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' [[File: USA PC-G3B.jpg|right|495px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  Without value figures but with rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.8. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-G3D.jpg|right|530px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  V/F: {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.9. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' 

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  With value figures or without but with rate statement
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.9A.'''[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3C.jpg|right|530px]]

:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629585
| ComBasPrice
| 12/28/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
| 
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629647
| ComBasPrice
| 02/10/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629652
| ComBasPrice
| 06/21/2014
| 10509
| BREWSTER NY
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XV'''
| 024P0007629756
| 
| 03/17/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629758
| ComBasPrice
| 12/11/2012
| 32812
| ORLANDO FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629777
| ComBasPrice
| 03/15/2017
| 17362
| SPRING GROVE PA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007632129
| ComBasPrice
| 06/01/2019
| 85203
| MESA AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XV'''
| 024P0007776044
| 
| 02/25/2016
| 32701
| ALTAMONTE SPG FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776131
| ComBasPrice
| 02/10/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776147
| ComBasPrice
| 10/17/2016
| 76251
| MONTAGUE TX
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776172
| ComBasPrice
| 11/27/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776173
| ComBasPrice
| 08/18/2015
| 20904
| SILVER SPRING MD
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776210
| ComBasPrice
| 10/27/2015
| 33187
| MIAMI FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776653
| ComBasPrice
| 09/12/2016
| 12992
| WEST CHAZY NY
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776711
| ComBasPrice
| 10/12/2016
| 60543
| OSWEGO IL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007875935
| ComBasPrice
| 01/20/2015
| 85211
| MESA AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007875935
| ComBasPrice
| 10/06/2015
| 33161
| FLORIDA CITY FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876028
| ComBasPrice
| 01/12/2019
| 22301
| ALEXANDRIA VA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876132
| ComBasPrice
| 11/10/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876761
| ComBasPrice
| 10/13/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876771
| ComBasPrice
| 03/12/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.png|right|475px]]

:  Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.0.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.0.1 260630.png|right|475px]]

:  Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Printed on blue label stock


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.1 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  As with &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.0.''' Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  F/V $(0)0.00 above 4 lines at left of Box B2


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.2.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.2 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  As with &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.1.''' Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Font in Boxes B2 and C &quot;'''USPSIMB'''&quot; (either Compact or Standard?)
:  F/V $(0)0.00 above 2 lines at left of Box B2


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9C.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.0 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  In &quot;Box A&quot; at upper right &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;
:  &quot;Box B2&quot; 4 lines at left, Date/Zip Code/ Weight/ Zone


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9C.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.1 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  In &quot;Box A&quot; at upper right &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;
:  &quot;Box B2&quot; 2 lines at left, Date/Zip Code


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D5.7.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-D6.0''', 2021. 
:  Similar to PC-D5.2 but with '''Pitney Bowes''' at the top of the point-of-sale data stacked at left of the Datamatrix barcode. 
:  Datamatrix barcode (DM4) 19 mm square, with 4 data blocks
:  Below '''Pitney Bowes''' are the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''' or '''US POSTAGE IMI''', a mail class statement.
:   a ten-digit number, &quot;3000156428&quot; evidently the customer identification number, the ZIP code and the date.
:  V/F: $0.00o 
:  This stamp arises from the new partnership between eBay and Pitney Bowes for &quot;eBay Delivery Service&quot; shipping.

:: '''A'''.  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE''', identification number with 026W prefix,
:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;


'''NOTE''': Type PC-D6 is nearly identical in appearance to Type QB7. They differ only in color and in the ten-digit number that appears below the identification number, '''black''' and '''3''' for PC-D5.7, and '''red''' and '''2''' for QB7.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D6.1.0''', 2024.
:  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left, Datamatrix barcode 20 mm square, with 4 data blocks, identification number with 026W prefix,
:  Datamatrix barcode 15 mm square, with 4 data blocks, or 27mm square,
:  Identification number with 026W prefix,

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D6.1.1''', 2024.
:  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left,
:  Datamatrix barcode 18-19 mm  with 4 data blocks, 
:  Identification number with 028W prefix,

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-E: Franks from Envelope Manager (Endicia) software, ID numbers mostly with 07#V prefix but also 07#M, 07#S, 06#S and without ID number}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* All the stamps have a generic design, bar code and text. The earlier stamps include &quot;endicia.com&quot; in the design and later ones are identifiable only by the identification number which is most commonly 071V although 071M and 071S are also found. From 2024 on, 062, and 063 are also found. An exception is Type PC-E2.2, Sub-type A, which does not show an identification number.
* When first released (February 2001) the system was labeled by Indicia as &quot;'''DAZzle 2000'''&quot;.

* On November 18, 2015 Stamps.com (see Sub-group PC-C) acquired Endicia. In 2024, Stamps.com and Endicia were once again seperate, being individual divisions under a holding company.
{{font/end}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE1''' in 2001 edition''}}

'''PC-E1.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2000. [[File: USA PC-F2A.jpg|right|316px]]
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: “US POSTAGE” at top right. 
: Stacked at center: value figures / class of mail / date / town line. 
: ID# with 071M, 071S, or 071V prefix at bottom right.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000


::'''PC-E1.1A'''. Basic stamp without framing


::: '''a'''.  Top portion above 2D barcode shifted far to the left (shown at right). This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F2aa.jpg|right|316px]]
::: '''b'''.  With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of '&quot;endicia.com&quot; at bottom left
::: '''c'''.  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left.


::'''PC-E1.1B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F2B.jpg|right|500px]]


::'''PC-E1.1C''' As '''PC-E1.1A''' but with &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at bottom left of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.


::: '''a'''.  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left.


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F3A.jpg|right|310px]]


'''PC-E1.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: As Type PC-E1.1 but the point-of-sale data is at left rather than in the center, and the sequence of data is different. 
: At top left: value figures/ date/ rate information
: At top right: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;/ &quot;Mailed from ZIP...&quot;
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left
: Identification number with 071V prefix
: Never with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode.
: V/F: $0'''.'''00


:: '''PC-E1.2A'''. Basic stamp without framing


::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.
::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.2A-b.png|right|800px]]


:: '''PC-E1.2B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F3B.jpg|right|500px]]


::: '''d'''. Without rate information below the date[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p2dd.jpg|right|500px]]


:: '''PC-E1.2C'''. &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users


'''PC-E1.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: Similar to Type PC-E1.2 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: “POSTAGE AND FEES PAID” at top above date, ZIP code, and rate statement. 
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left


::'''PC-E1.3A'''. Basic stamp without framing [[File: USA PC-F4A.jpg|right|324px]]
::: Identification number with 071V prefix


::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F4bb.jpg|right|415px]]


::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.3A-b.png|right|800px]]


::'''PC-E1.3B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F4B.jpg|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 071V prefix


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Line A Equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''FCM'''
| '''XVI'''
| 071V00515554
| A13
| 
| OCT 27 2011
| 55337
| BURNSVILLE MN
| NO TRACKING BARCODE
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A11
| Commercial Base Price
| JAN 5 2015
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
| 
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| APR 12 2016
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| JAN 3 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| FEB 17 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA||-
| 
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| MAR 1 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA||-
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''FCM'''
| '''XVI'''
| 071V00548099
| A13
| 
| APR 17 2007
| 83333
|
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| solid black
| '''VIII'''
| 071V00682520
| A7
| 
| FEB 6 2009
| 80922
| COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
|-
| '''FS3'''
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 071V01059238
| A11
| Commercial Plus Price
| SEP 8 2020
| 30071
| NORCROSS GA
|
|}
{{font/end}}


::: '''e'''. As '''B''', with question mark after the mail class statement: '''PRIORITY MAIL 2-DAY?'''
::::  (This may be a computer error with the question mark printing in place of a registration mark (''R in circle'').)[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E1p3ee.jpg|right|500px]]


::: '''f'''. Without the &quot;Box C&quot; containing the class of mail below the frank [[File: USA stamp type PC-E3p1ff.jpg|right|400px]]


::: '''g'''. &quot;Box E&quot; with USPS emblem at left, no tracking info[[File: PC-E1.3B-g.png|right|300px]]


::: '''h'''. &quot;Box E&quot; with USPS emblem at left, endicia emblem at right[[File: PC-E1.3B-h.png|right|300px]]


::'''PC-E1.3C'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users[[File: USA PC-F4aa.jpg|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 071M prefix


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::'''PC-E1.3D'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with &quot;'''endicia'''&quot; at lower left, [[File: PC-E1.3D.png|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 062S prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p4.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-E1.4. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: Similar to Type PC-E1.3B but with logo and &quot;'''endicia'''&quot; at upper right.
: The ID number is above the 2D bar code at right.
: The date is below the mail class designation at left.
: Identification number with &quot;071V&quot; prefix.
: Seem on large label that includes customs information.


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F5.jpg|right|530px]]

'''PC-E2.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) ''', 2002.
: Found only on the top of large address labels downloaded directly from the USPS web site. 
: In wide box at right is the 2D &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: To the left of the 2D barcode are &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; vertical, &quot;WWW.USPS.COM&quot;, value figures, and date.
: A series of nine 4-digit numbers is above the 2D barcode, and the ZIP code and identification number with 071V prefix are below.
: Very large “P” (for Priority Mail) or “E” (for Express Mail) in box at left. 
: Across the bottom is the class of mail spelled out.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00  [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|15px]]$00'''.'''00


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G2 B.jpg|right|580px]]

'''PC-E2.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. 
: Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo at right.
: This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1.
: Identification number, with 071V prefix, at right of the ZIP code

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00

:: '''Note'''. For similar item without identification number see &quot;'''PC-G3'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-E2.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. [[File: USA stamp type PC-G5.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
: Nearly identical to Types PC-C5.2 (Stamps.com) and PC-D3.3 (Pitney Bowes) except for the identification number which has &quot;071V&quot; prefix.


'''PC-E3.1. Endicia.com ''', 2010.

: Square &quot;DataMatrix&quot; barcode at right with company identity reading down at far right.
: Text from top, at left of barcode: &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot;, mail class (''may be omitted''), date (mmm dd yyyy), ZIP code, rate statement (''may be omitted''), &quot;CommBasePrice&quot; or &quot;CommPlusPrice&quot; (''may be omitted'')
: Later stamps also include a second, more specific, rate statement. (''see the image for &quot;b&quot; below'')
: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode.


:: '''A1'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (longer than DataMatrix is tall), barred &quot;I&quot; font[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12 better.jpg|right|520px]]

::: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::::: '''c'''. Printed on short label containing tracking bar code but not the destination address[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p1cc.jpg|right|320px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::::: '''e'''. Datamatrix bar code field contains vertical bars, probably caused by a malfunction [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E2p1ee.jpg|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''A2.1'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred &quot;I&quot; font 

::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''b'''. Text at top truncated: &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES P&quot;[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12bb.jpg|right|550px]]

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label type
! Box  B1 TYPE
! Box C type
! Meter number
! Line A equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip code
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''P'''
| XXXIII
| 071S00799149
| A17
| Commercial Plus Pricing
| Nov 27 2017
| 37801
| MARYVILLE TN
| 
|-
| FS4
| Black
| VIII
| 071S00773763
| A7
|
| Dec 19 2017
| 30605
| ATHENS GA
|
|-
| FS4
| Black
| VIII
| 071S00773763
| A7
|
| Dec 22 2017
| 30605
| ATHENS GA
|
|-
| 
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00913234
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice
| Aug 04 2014
| 33351
| SUNRISE FL
| subtype &quot;b&quot;
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00917592
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice 
| Feb 11 2014
| 11220
| BROOKLYN NY
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00917592
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice 
| Oct 11 2014
| 11220
| BROOKLYN NY
|
|}

:: '''A2.2'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred &quot;I&quot; font [[File:PC-E3.1A2.png|right|550px]]

::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''f'''. Datamatrix bar code field is wider than tall, not square [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.1ff.jpg|right|380px]]

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label type
! Box  B1 TYPE
! Box C type
! Meter number
! Line A equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip code
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| black box
| VIII
| 071V00908463
| A16
| 
| Dec 21 2017
| 75104
| CEDAR HILL TX
| 2 copies, framed
|-
| FS4
| '''P'''
| XXXIII
| 071V00970570
| A17
| CommercialBasePrice
| Jun 05 2018
| 28052
|
| shorter Enddicia on right
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}


:: '''B1'''. Company identity is a round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; (''first seen in late 2018'')

::: Unframed
::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode.

:::::'''-1''' Top two lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-1.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::::'''-2''' All but top line and fifth line bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-2.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::::'''-3''' All lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-3.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''B2'''. Company identity is a round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.1B.jpg|right|540px]]

::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode.

:  ''subtypes unknown ''
::::: '''a'''. Datamatrix barcode field omitted
::::: '''d'''. Printed without the tracking bar code


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12point1.jpg|right|520px]]

'''PC-E3.2. Endicia.com''', 2014.
: Similar to Type PC-E3.1 with square &quot;DataMatrix&quot; barcode, but the value figures are at upper left and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; is alone at top center.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00


[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p3.jpg|right|340px]]

'''PC-E3.3A. Endicia.com''', 2015.
: Similar to Types PC-E3.1 and PC-E3.2 but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is lower, below the date and ZIP code.
: The value figures are at far left.
: One seen, with &quot;FIM&quot; bar code at upper left.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: '''endicia.com''' reads down.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3p3B.jpg|right|365px]]

'''PC-E3.3B. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: '''endicia.com''' reads up.


Note:  Items formersly listed as &quot;'''PC-E3.3C'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.3D'''&quot; are now listed  as &quot;'''PC-E3.8.1'''&quot; AND &quot;'''PC-E3.8.2'''&quot; RESPECTIVELY.
      

[[File:USA stamp type PC-E2p4.jpg|right|520px]]

'''PC-E3.4. Endicia.com''', 2016.
: Similar to Type PC-E3.1 but inscribed &quot;U.S. POSTAGE PAID&quot; without &quot;AND FEES&quot;. Also the inscription is centered rather than high.
: Below &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; is &quot;From ZIP ##### and a rate statement.
: Rather than a large mail classification code, the mailer's name and address is found in the box at left.
: ID# with 071S prefix seen.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.5.jpeg|right|410px]]

'''PC-E3.5. Endicia.com''', 2018.
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types but with round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; horizontal at bottom left instead of vertical at right.
: Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; above the weight and mail class, price modification statement, date, ZIP code, identification number, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID''' identification&lt;/i&gt;) number, and the Endicia logo.
: No value figures are shown
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.

: The example reported was used on international mail.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E3.6. Endicia''', 2024. [[File:PC-E3.6.png|right|410px]]
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with &quot;endicia&quot; vertical at right but without round logo.
: Most similar to type '''PC-E3.1A2'''
: No line separating Box B1 and Box B2.
: Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; above the weight and mail class, '''IMI''' following mail class
: Price modification statement, date, ZIP code, Mail class 1, Mail class 2, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification&lt;/i&gt;) number, Mail class 3.
: No value figures are shown
: ID# with 063S prefix below bar code.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E3.7. Endicia''', 2025. [[File:PC-E3.7 251201.png|right|410px]]
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with &quot;endicia&quot; vertical at right but without round logo.
: Most similar to type '''PC-E3.6'''
: Text at left of barcode: At top: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; above the weight and mail class, 
: Stacked below are:Mail Class I with '''IMI''' following mail class, date, ZIP code, Mail class 2, Mail class 3, Mail class 4, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification&lt;/i&gt;) 8 digit number, .
: F/V: &quot;'''$0.00'''&quot;
: ID# with 063S prefix below bar code.

:: '''PC-E3.7.1'''. With green banner to left inscribed &quot;'''USPS CERTIFIED MAIL &lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;'''&quot;, barcode below

[[File:PC-E3.7.1.png|right|650px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3B.jpg|right|230px]]

'''PC-E3.8.1. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with different endicia logo.
: ID# with 071S prefix seen.
: Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down.
'''NOTE''': The extremely narrow stamp impression shown appears to be a printer/feeder error rather than a software variation.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3D.jpg|right|365px]]
'''PC-E3.8.2. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3C but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-E3.9. Endicia''' [[File:PC-E3.9 260623.png|right|410px]]
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; on the rate class line
: ID# with '''063S''' prefix seen.
: '''endicia''' reads down.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E4.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E4.1 250402B.png|right|410px]]

: Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, &quot;G&quot; a New Helvetica Block font
: Box B2 with &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class.
: 3 lines at top right, ID at top, customer ID below, source zip code at base.
: PDF 417(8) barcode with &quot;endicia&quot; (new logo) at right but without old round logo.

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types [BOX C]:  &quot;USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE&quot; ['''XXIX''']   &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E5.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E5.1 250402B.png|right|410px]]

: Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, &quot;G&quot; a New Helvetica Block font
: Box B2 with &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class.
: 2 lines at top right, ID at top, source zip code at base.
: PDF 417(8) barcode with &quot;endicia&quot; (new logo) at right but without old round logo.

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types [BOX C]: &quot;USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE TM&quot; ['''VI'''],  &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL ®&quot; [ “large ‘R-circle’”] ['''XVIII''']  &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-F: Franks generated by EasyPost software, with &quot;easypost&quot; in the frank}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* EasyPost is a software company that provides companies with integrated shipping options through USPS and several private carriers.
* The company was founded in 2012 although the first stamp came to our attention in 2016.
{{font/end}}

----
&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-F1.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2016 but possibly as early as 2012.
: The stamps we have seen appear on large address labels.
: The stamp contains a PDF417 barcode which sits under &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; and '''{{font|size=5|easypost}}''' at the right of the stamp.
: Left of the barcode are the date, ZIP code, &quot;CID&quot; (''number'') or &quot;C&quot; (number), and '''COMBASE''' or '''ComBasPrice''' (with no value figures).
: Along the bottom are the weight and identification number with &quot;0901&quot; prefix.
:: '''A'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
:: '''B'''. The stamp appears by itself with no framing or large mail class indicator


&lt;br&gt;
[[File: PC-F1.2.png|right|475px]]

'''PC-F1.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2025 

: As type &quot;'''PC-F1.1'''&quot; With heavier and slightly different typeface and spacing.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1p2.jpg|right|480px]]

'''PC-F2.1. &quot;easypost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal).
: Similar to Type PC-F1 but inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; rather than &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot;
: The text, including '''{{font|size=4|easypost}}''', is in a lighter and wider font than found on PC-F1.
: Also, without &quot;CID&quot; and number and with small '''ComBasPrice''' instead of '''COMBASE'''.
: And finally, the zeros are slashed.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-F2.2 260621mh.jpg|right|480px]]

'''PC-F2.2. &quot;easypost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal).
: Similar to Type PC-F2.1 but inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE PAID IMI&quot; rather than &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;
: The text/ font is similar to that found on PC-F1.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1.3.jpg|right|540px]]

'''PC-F3.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2021.

: As Type PC-F1 but the {{font|size=4|'''easypost.'''}} logo now has a period after it. The web address &quot;{{size=2|'''easypost.com/signup'''}}&quot; was added below the logo.

: This stamp includes a postage value which is preceded by &quot;Retail&quot; on the stamp we have seen.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00
: '''Note''': The origin ZIP code and customer ID have been blurred in the stamp photo.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:Easypost PC-F1.4.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F3.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo as PC-F3.1
::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
::: No value figures


::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}} &quot;'''F'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000004578 {{space|4}}C4000013 {{space|4}}83713 {{space|4}}2022-09-02{{space|4}}BOISE, ID
::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}&quot;'''P'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000004698 {{space|4}} {{space|4}}28405 {{space|4}}{{space|4}}WILMINGTON, NC


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-F4.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo different
::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
::: No value figures


::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}&quot;'''P'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000005499 {{space|4}}C4017644 {{space|4}}83709 {{space|4}}2022-11-18{{space|4}}BOISE, ID


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-F5.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot;


:: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left

[[File:PC-F4.2a.png|right|650px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F4.4.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.4. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot; without the web address.

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! Customer ID
! Note
|-
| FS5 wide
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000001316
| Commercial
| 2024-11-11
| 43228
| C4018567
| 012.0 ZONE 2
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000008901
| Commercial
| 2023-12-01
| 60607
| C4650528
| 0.10 CUBIC ZONE 3
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000010389
| Commercial
| 2023-12-28
| 63376
| C5299422
| 5.0 OZ ZONE 4
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''XXXI'''
| 0901000014322
| Commercial
| 2024-06-27
| 63376
| C5299422
| 0.20 CUBIC ZONE 4
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-F4.5. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2025.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; without the web address.


:: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left

[[File:PC-F4.5 250415.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-F4.6. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2026.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; without the web address.
::: &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot;


[[File:PC-F4.6 250901B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F55.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F5. &quot;Chit Chats&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Similar to &quot;'''PC-F4.2'''&quot;
::: Easypost Logo replaced by &quot;'''Chit Chats'''&quot;
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F6.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F6. &quot;Sendle&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Similar to &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot;
::: Easypost Logo replaced by &quot;'''Sendle&gt;'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-G: Franks generated by U.S. Postal Service software, without a vendor's identification number.}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* These stamps are a type of Post Office stamp (Group PO) but because they are generated online at the Postal Services's web site, they are listed here..
* The stamp was first reported in 2021.
{{font/end}}


----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font/top|size=3|color=black}}

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1.jpg|right|400px]]

'''PC-G1.''' (digital), 2021 but possibly earlier.
: The stamp is a large tracking label similar to Type PC-C5.1 with the USPS logo and &quot;Click-N-Ship&quot;® in the top panel. The ''postage'' part of the label is immediately below and at right. It contains in its upper left corner, &quot;usps.com, the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''', and a rate statement. The date is at lower left. At top right is a tracking number. At lower center is '''Mailed from''' and the ZIP code. In the center is a larger '''U.S. POSTAGE PAID''' above a small '''Click-N-Ship'''®, all backed by a field of wavy pale blue lines.
: V/F:  $(00)0.00
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1 detail.jpg|left|500px]]
{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.png|right|400px]]

'''PC-G2.1''' (digital), 2023 but possibly earlier.
: Similar to &quot;'''PC-G1'''&quot; but with a square Datamatrix barcode at the right of box &quot;'''B2'''&quot;.
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Mail Rate Class
! Type
! Date
! Mailed from Zip Code
! &quot;'''Box C'''&quot; Mail Class
|-
| P
| Flat Rate Env
| 05/08/2023 
| 63005
| XXX
|-
| G
| Insured
| 06/20/2024
| 02453
| VI
|-
| 
| 
|
|
|}


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.2.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.2''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier.
: Similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but with security print under &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; more heavily segmented
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PPS-G2.3.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.3''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier.
: Security print in &quot;Box B2&quot; similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but 
: &quot;Box D&quot; more similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.2'''&quot;
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.4.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.4''' (digital), 2024 
: Security print in &quot;Box B2&quot; similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but 
: Box A with USPS logo to left, &quot;USPS APIs&quot; to right
: &quot;Box D&quot; only with return address and destination to the right of 2D barcode
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-G2.jpg|right|550px]]

'''PC-G3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. 
: Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo at right.
: This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1.
: Without identification number
: See also &quot;'''PC-E2.2'''&quot; for similar item with identification number starting with &quot;071V&quot;

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00, 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|1=Sub-group PC-H: Franks generated by Francotyp-Postalia software, with &quot;FP&quot; logo in the frank}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* Francotyp-Postalia first entered the U.S. postage meter market in 2000. Only one stamp has been reported so far, and it is dated from 2019. Earlier dates are likely.
{{font/end}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'' The status of this item has been questioned, more information or scans would be important to have, please reply to editor.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font/top|size=3|color=black}}

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-H1.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-H1. &quot;Francotyp-Postalia&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2019 but probably earlier.
: The one stamp reported appears on alarge address label with the top (postage) section containing a PDF417 barcode.
: Above the barcode are, at left: the value figures and date, at center: the FP logo, and at right: '''US POSTAGE''', Mailed From [5-digit ZIP code], and the identification number with 032A prefix.

: '''ComBasPrice''' appears below the date on this stamp.
: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.

: V/F:  $ (00)0.000
{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Franks with &quot;E-postage&quot; or variant in the frank}}====
----

&lt;br&gt;

{{font/top|size=3}}
* Shipping labels with '''E-Postage''', '''ePostage''', '''ePOSTAGE''' and other variants in the frank were first reported in 2011. They are used by online commerce companies with business volumes large enough to justify special arrangements with shippers such as USPS, FedX, and UPS. 

* E-Postage is a program developed by USPS to accommodate the growth of ecommerce. Online merchants such as Amazon and Etsy use ePostage. In 2016 new company Shippo began operation as a shipping aggregator offering ePostage to any business.

* The stamps appear to be more like &quot;post paid&quot; permit stamps rather than metered mail but are shown here until we determine their exact nature.
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F2.jpg|right|500px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F14.jpg|right|500px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F1bb.jpeg|right|300px]]

* The stamps are found only on address labels with the top section having an enclosed mail-service letter at left and a frank box at right above a panel containing the mail class.
: The central section contains the return address, date, and addressee.
: The stamps show no value figures or identification number.
: The labels do include a tracking bar code and number.
: So far they have been found in two general formats:
:: '''-''' With single-line border surrounding the complete design, printed on label 135 mm tall
:: '''-''' With no outer border, printed on smaller label, 115 mm tall

* Known variations:
:: '''-''' Mail class appears in the frank box
:: '''-''' Incomplete box around mail-service letter at upper left
:: '''-''' Mailer's name repeated at top outside the frank box
:: '''-''' &quot;ComBasPrice&quot; appearing left of the frank box

'''NOTES''':
* Merchants have some control over the appearance of the stamp. The e-Postage designation is found in different fonts. The frank box is found in a variety of sizes with contents left justified or centered.
* When inaugurated in September 2011 only certain mail services were available through e-Postage system: Express Mail, Priority Mail, First-Class Mail parcels, Package Services (except Library Mail), and Parcel Select bar-coded non-presort.
* What is common to all e-Postage stamps is that the frank box contains e-Postage (or variant), U.S. POSTAGE PAID (or variant), and the mailer's identification.
{{font/end}}


----{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>gji06m33ymdhawob14ka38632m76q3t</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641924</id>
      <parentid>4641917</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T20:44:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Boris1951zz</username>
        <id>3378369</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* {{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-G: Franks generated by U.S. Postal Service software, without a vendor's identification number.}} */</comment>
      <origin>4641924</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="121988" sha1="cdhtw5zy0x7q3cvcrn9xoowiaogzatk" xml:space="preserve">==&lt;font size=5&gt;&lt;font color=#1F75FE&gt;'''GROUP PC: Special designs generated by personal computer'''&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;==
[[United_States_Postage_Meter_Stamp_Catalog |&lt;font size=2&gt;''&lt;u&gt;Click here to return to the United States Postage Meter Stamp Catalog&lt;/u&gt;''&lt;/font&gt;]]

{{font/top|size=3|color=#08457E}}
'''NOTE''': ''All the stamps listed here are valid only on the date generated. PC stamps with unrestricted validity, i.e. savable for future use, are more like traditional stamps than meter stamps and thus are not cataloged here. PC stamps with unrestricted validity are cataloged in '''&lt;i&gt;USA: Variable Denomination Stamps (1989-2020)&lt;/i&gt;''' by Karim Roder (available on Amazon).''

* Group PC stamps can vary considerably in size, font styles, and color within the same stamp type depending on personal printer settings, available fonts, etc. Size variations or colors other than black are unusual but are user controlled variables.

* The stamps are found on plain paper and adhesive labels depending on what the user has in his printer. Self-adhesive labels are sold by the various PC stamp companies and also by outside vendors. These labels exist both with and without fluorescent tagging. As with color and font, paper or label type is a user controlled variable, however to a great extent the parameters are set by United States Postal Service ( see: https://postalpro.usps.com/parcellabelingguide). It is recommended that the collector save the '''entire label'''.

* PC stamps are often found in a frame at the top right of large address labels. To the left of the stamp is a smaller frame containing a large letter or number representing the class of mail. Codes found are: &quot;'''1'''&quot; (first class), &quot;'''fcm'''&quot; (first class), &quot;'''P'''&quot; (priority), &quot;'''E'''&quot; (express), &quot;'''M'''&quot; (media), &quot;'''T'''&quot; (parcel post), solid block (media, or other), &quot;'''H'''&quot; (Hazardous), &quot;'''G'''&quot; (Ground Advantage), &quot;'''X'''&quot; (Media). Not all the codes are found with all the stamp types that use the labels.

* 2-Dimensional barcodes occur in two major types and several subtypes:
::::: PDF417 A horizontally stacked 2-dimensional barcode, each consists of  2 punctuators, 2 indicators and a variable number of data blocks.

::::::  subvariety PDF417(4) has 4 datablocks [[File: PDF417-224.png|right|250px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(6) has 6 datablocks [[File: PDF417-226.png|right|275px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(7) has 7 datablocks [[File: PDF417-227.png|right|300px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(8) has 8 datablocks [[File: PDF417-228.png|right|350px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(9) has 9 datablocks [[File: PDF417-229.png|right|375px]]


::::::  subvariety PDF417(12) has 12 datablocks [[File: PDF417-2212.png|right|400px]]


::::: Data matrix is a 2 dimensional barcode consisting of square or rectangular data blocks

::::::  subvariety DM-2H (&quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;) has 2 datablocks arranged horizontally [[File: DM-2HZ.png|right|100px]]


::::::  subvariety DM-2V (&quot;'''IBI-Lite'''&quot;) has 2 datablocks arranged vertically [[File: DM-2VR.png|right|50px]]


::::::  subvariety DM-4 has 4 datablocks arranged as a square [[File: DM-4SQ.png|right|100px]]


* PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are  4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label.
[[File: ST size.png|right|200px]]

[[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File: FF size.png|center|200px]]


[[File: CF size.png|center|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;{{center/top}}* * *
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}}

{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-A: Franks from E-Stamp software, ID numbers with 05#E prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* All stamps have large, negative “e” logo at top right and &quot;PDF417&quot; bar code across the bottom with identification number at bottom right.
* &quot;US Postage&quot; and date are at top center, usually below a mail classification statement.
* Found both with and without FIM barcode at top left and also with and without slogan or directional slug at left.
* One hundred FD covers were prepared by E-Stamp in cooperation with the National Postal Museum on March 31, 1998. Trials took place for several more months. The first day of national availability was September 27, 1999.
* Although we must assume other mail classes were available, only '''First Class''', '''First-Class''', '''Priority''', and '''Priority Mail''' have been reported.
* E-stamp ceased operations at the end of 2000.
{{font/end}}


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}

----

&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-A1 FDC stamp.jpg|right|425px]]

'''PC-A1.10.''' March 31, 1998. {{space|2}} [RR]

: This stamp is found only on the First Day Covers prepared by E-Stamp and the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each.
: The value figures are large, 4mm tall. 
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: Mail class: &quot;First Class&quot; ({{font|size=2|''without hyphen''}}).
: Identification number with 051E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;}}  {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, 4mm tall''}})

'''PC-A1.11.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [RR][[File: PC-A1.11 251004.png|right|375px]]

: This stamp is found only on covers by the National Postal Museum. ({{font|size=2|''See above''}}). They were sold for $100 each.
: The value figures are smaller than on &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot; but larger than on &quot;'''PC-A1.2'''&quot; ettc.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: Mail class: &quot;First Class&quot; ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}}).
: Identification number with 051E prefix  and about the same length as in &quot;'''PC-A1.10'''&quot;
: V/F: {{space|4}}  {{font|size=5|$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;}}  {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''large figures, about 3½mm tall''}})

{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1e''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A1.2.''' 1998. {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-A1.1 but with smaller value figures, 2 to 3mm tall.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; normally at bottom left below the barcode. 
: ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} ({{font|size=2|''small figures, 2-3mm tall''}})

: &lt;u&gt;Mail classes&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''A'''.  First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}})
:: '''B1'''. Priority {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''B2'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [R]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''b'''. With recipient's identity instead of &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at left below bar code field {{space|2}} [RR]
:: '''c'''. With 4-digit ZIP code

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|&quot;Express&quot; (or &quot;Express Mail&quot;) was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''RA1c and d''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1p3A.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A1.3.''' {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-A1.2 but value figures show decimal fractions of a cent and have wide spacing between the dollar sign and the decimal digit with the other figures.
: ID# with 051E, 052E or 053E prefix.
: With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
: The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2.
:: '''A'''. V/F regular: {{space|4}} ${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} &lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''B'''.  V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''${{space|2}} 0'''.'''00{{space|2}} &lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;''

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA1b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A1.4A.jpg|right|535px]]

'''PC-A1.4.'''
:  As PC-A1.3B but the value figures are spaced closely together.
:  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left and PDF(12) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
:: '''A'''.  Destination town name at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 051E prefix {{space|4}} [RRRR]&lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''B'''.  &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at bottom left below the barcode, and ID# with 053E prefix {{space|4}} [S]
: The mail classes are the same as for PC-A1.2.
: V/F italic: {{space|4}} ''$0'''.'''00&lt;sup&gt;&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; ''

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; {{space|2}} [R]

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|Type PC-A1.4A is possibly the first E-stamp placed in use with paying customers, earlier than when PC-A1.2, PC-A1.3, and PC-A1.4B were issued.}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RA2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-A2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-A2.''' March 2000. {{space|2}} [S]
:  As Type PC-A1.2 but the inscriptions are larger.
: &quot;e-stamp.com&quot; at bottom left below the barcode. 
:  With PDF(7) 2-D barcode across the bottom.
:  ID# with 053E prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $ 0'''.'''00

: &lt;u&gt;Mail classes&lt;/u&gt;: &lt;sup&gt;{{font|color=red|♦}}&lt;/sup&gt;
:: '''A'''. First-Class ({{font|size=2|''with hyphen''}})
:: '''B'''. Priority Mail {{space|2}} [S]

[[File: USA PC-A2a.jpg|right|380px]]
:: '''a'''. With &quot;Additional&quot; instead of mail class above &quot;US Postage&quot; ({{font|size=2|''see below''}}) {{space|2}} [R]
:: '''b'''. &quot;Mailed From ZIP Code&quot; town line with 4-digit ZIP code instead of normal 5-digit code {{space|2}} [RR]

{{font|color=red|♦}} {{font|size=2|&quot;Express&quot; (or &quot;Express Mail&quot;) was an option but has not been reported by collectors.}}


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-B: Franks from Neopost software, ID numbers with 04#N or NO4#N prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* The stamp designs are quite different from each other. One has a four-pointed star logo, two have a torch in hand logo, and one has no logo. Even the bar codes are dissimilar.
* Neopost was the second company to enter the PC postage business with an experimental design sometime in early 1998. Circumstances of the trial remain unknown to us.
* Stamps are found both with and without FIM barcode at top left. Examples are not known with slogan or slug.
* &lt;u&gt;Classes of mail seen on PC-B stamps&lt;/u&gt;:

::{|
| '''A.''' {{space|4}} FIRST CLASS LTR [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]]

| '''F.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 2 [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|35px]]

| '''M.''' {{space|4}} INTL LETTER

|-

| {{space|4}}  '''Aa.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS LTR

| '''G.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 3

| '''N.''' {{space|4}} INTL CAN LTR

|-

| '''B.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVERSZ

| '''H.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 4

| '''P.''' {{space|4}} INTL MEX LTR

|-

| {{space|4}}  '''Ba.''' {{space|4}} 1ST CLASS OVSZ

| '''I.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 5

| '''Q.''' {{space|4}} NEXT DAY EXP MAIL

|-

| '''C'''. {{space|4}} PRIORITY MAIL

| '''J.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 6

| '''R.''' {{space|4}} MEDIA MAIL

|-

| '''D.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY LOCAL

| '''K.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 7

|-

| '''E.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 1

| '''L.''' {{space|4}} PRIORITY ZONE 8

|}
* Mail classes E through L were discontinued in June 2002. Examples are exceptionally rare. Most mail classes except the First Class variations are scarce to very rare.
* Neopost PC stamps became available nationally in May 1999.

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}

{{font/end}}

----
&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-B1.''' {{font|color=green|''The stamp previously cataloged here has not been found used on actual mail. For this reason the Type has been deleted and the stamp re-cataloged as Type ESY-DF2 in the Essay section.''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D1.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-B2. ”Postage Plus”™''', '''“PC Stamp™”''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RRR]
: This too is an experimental stamp. It was first seen in live tests in and near Washington DC and parts of northern California. It was offered nationally in May 1999 but saw little use.
: The stamp was used by two different systems, &quot;Postage Plus&quot; which used a live internet connection, and &quot;PC Stamp&quot; which downloaded postage credit into a rented hardware vault. 
: The design shows at top right two horizontal bars with &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; above the top one and the town line below the bottom one. Between the bars at right are a torch-in-hand logo left of small &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; reading up. Also between the ars are the class of mail, the value figures (centered), and the date.
: PDF417(7) barcode across the bottom 
: With &quot;DEVICE and identification number at bottom right. 
: Meter number with N041N, N041NA, or 041N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

:: '''a'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; at bottom left
:: '''b'''. With &quot;FIM&quot; baarcode at top left


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2a''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-B3.1.jpg|right|390px]]

'''PC-B3.1. “Simply Postage”™''', 1998. {{space|2}} [RR]
: Produced by an internet-connected labeling device.
: Similar to PC-B2 with torch-in-hand logo and point of sale data mixed with two horizontal bars, but otherwise quite different.
: The stamp is found only on self-adhesive labels with rounded corners and fluorescent red bar across the bottom edge.
: &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is vertical at far right just left of a double line of micro-printing reading &quot;NEOPOSTNEOPOST...&quot; vertically.
: Between the bars are the identification number, value figures, and date. Below the bottom bar is the town line, '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: Stamp with &quot;PDF417(9)&quot; bar code.
: Meter number with N042N prefix.
: Large value figures, 4½ to 5mm tall
: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØ ({{font|size=2|''with slashed zeros''}})


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RC2b''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-D2.jpg|right|380px]]

'''PC-B3.2. “Simply Postage” '''. {{space|2}} [RR]
: As Type PC-B3.1 but the value figures have a tenths of a cent figure.
: Stamp with &quot;PDF417(9)&quot; bar code.
: Meter number with N042N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  $Ø'''.'''ØØ&lt;u&gt;ø&lt;/u&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1A''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1A.jpg|right|330px]]

'''PC-B4.1. “ProMail” ''', 1998? {{space|2}} [S]
: Produced by an internet-connected labeling device.
: Also printed on self-adhesive labels this stamp is much smaller than the PC-B3 stamps and contains the point-of-sale data at left and a square &quot;Datamatrix (DM-4)&quot; bar code at right.
: Point-of-sale data have the value figures at top followed by the class of mail, '''MAILED FROM''' (ZIP code) town line, &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot;, date and identification number.
: Fluorescent bar at far left just outside two lines of micro-printing reading &quot;NEOPOSTNEOPOST...&quot; vertically.
: Meter number with 045N prefix.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''SA1B''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F1B.jpg|right|330px]]

'''PC-B4.2. “ProMail” '''. {{space|2}} [S]
: As Type PC-B4.1 but the value figures are slightly larger and the text is slightly bolder.
: square &quot;Datamatrix (DM-4)&quot; bar code at right.
: Labels have fluorescent bar at right.
: Meter number with 047N prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $Ø'''.'''ØØø


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-C: Franks generated by software from Stamps.com (StampMaster before 1999), ID numbers with 06#S prefix}}====


{{font/top|color=#0018A8|size=3}}
* The first stamp design has a negative {{space|1}}&lt;font size=4&gt;&lt;font color=black&gt;'''S'''&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;{{space|1}} in oval logo. All others contain {{space|1}}&lt;font size=4&gt;&lt;font color=black&gt;'''stamps.com'''&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;{{space|1}} somewhere in the design. Some time after Stamps.com acquired Endicia in November 2015 (see Sub-group PC-E) the logo {{space|1}}&lt;font size=4&gt;&lt;font color=black&gt;'''stamps'''&lt;sub&gt;'''endicia'''&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;{{space|1}} came into use.
* The stamps are found both with and without a FIM barcode at upper left.
* &lt;u&gt;Mail classes found with PC-C stamps&lt;/u&gt;:
::  {{space|4}}  FIRST CLASS, FIRST CLASS MAIL, FCI (first class international)  &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  PRIORITY MAIL  &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  EXPRESS MAIL  &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
::  {{space|4}}  MEDIA MAIL &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt;
: &lt;font color=red&gt;♦&lt;/font&gt; Collectors should be aware that the primary mail classes are found in a multitude of variations. For example, FIRST CLASS can be found as FIRST-CLASS PKG RATE, FIRST-CLASS MAIL PARCEL, FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE INTL, USPS FIRST CLASS MAIL, etc.. We do not know them all. Please inform the catalog manager regarding something different (&quot;'''Alan Knutson, boris1951@charter.net'''&quot;) if possible also include a scan.
* The StampMaster/stamps.com system was first trialed in the Washington DC area and in parts of California sometime before August 1998. It was made available nationally on September 27, 1999.

* PC stamps on labels the sizes of which are recommended by the '''USPS''', the sizes are  4 inches by 6 inches ('''FS''') in two subvarieties, 4 inches by 4 inches ('''FF'''), 6 inches by 2 inches ('''ST'''), and a form for customs declaration included. Many illustrations in the listings are of size 'FS' but with only one or two of the 5 or six horizontal sections of the label.
[[File: ST size.png|right|200px]]

[[File: FS5 size.jpg|left|200px]]
[[File: FF size.png|center|200px]]


[[File: CF size.png|center|400px]]


{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;{{center/top}}* * *
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}{{center/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;

----
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]]
{{font/top|size=2|color=red}}
'''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label &quot;'''size FS5 (with 5 horizontal boxes, A thru E) or size FS6 (with six horizontal boxes, A thru F)'''&quot;, they will referenced as follows'''
::::: Panel or Box A:  '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'')
::::: Panel or Box B:  oftentimes subdivided  {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Icon/ Postage Payment'']}}
::::::: Box B1 &quot;'''F, P.'''&quot; etc,{{font|size=2|color=blue| ['''USPS''' ''Service Icon'']}}
::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Postage Payment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box C:  Mail Class {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Service Banner'']}}
::::: Panel or Box D:  Address  {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Address and Delivery Information Segment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box E:  Tracking number/Bar code {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Intelligent Mail package barcode segment'']}}
::::: Panel or Box F:  often times blank ('' sometimes not present'') {{font|size=2|color=blue|['''USPS''' ''Additional Information and User Segment'']}}

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB1''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C1.jpg|right|340px]]

'''PC-C1. StampMaster''', summer 1998. {{space|2}} [RRRR]
: Experimental stamp with negative “S”/Internet Postage logo at top center. 
: At top right are value figures, mail class, &quot;US POSTAGE”, and date. 
: &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; bar code across bottom with town line below at left and identification number below at right.
: Identification number with 061S prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;


{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C2.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-C2.1. stamps.com''', 1999.
: As Type PC-C1 but with &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo instead of the '''S''' in oval logo.
: &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at upper left
: At top right are the value figures, date, &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, and town line.
: 2-D barcode PDF417(6} across lower portion
: &quot;STAMPS.COM&quot; is below left of the bar code.
: Identification number with 061S or 062S prefix below right of bar code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt; 
[[File: USA PC-C2 redate.jpg|right|180px]]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;ADDITIONAL POSTAGE&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''b'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''c'''. With bottom line missing, blank below bar code
:: '''d'''. Bottom line present but without bar code
:: '''e'''. With &quot;MAIL TO:&quot; and ZIP code above left of the bar code
:: '''f'''. With nonsense characters across the bottom (''system malfunction'')

'''NOTES''':
* The &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo can vary considerably in size.
* The system could produce a re-date stamp without postage value, as shown (''right'').
* For a similar type inscribed &quot;'''Stamps /Endicia '''&quot; see &quot;'''PC-C8'''&quot;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RB3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-C3.jpg|right|360px]]
[[File: USA PC-C3 redate.jpg|right|200px]]
'''PC-C2.2.''' 2000. 
: As Type PC-C2.1 but with larger inscriptions.
: Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D &quot;PDF417(6)&quot; barcode.
: Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
[[File:USA stamp type PC2p2 label.jpg|right|360px]]

:: '''a'''. With &quot;ADDITIONAL POSTAGE&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''b'''. With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of class of mail below &quot;US Postage&quot;
:: '''c'''. With bottom line missing (blank below bar code)
:: '''d'''. With &quot;MAIL TO:&quot; and ZIP code above left of the bar code
:: '''e'''. With mailer's name replacing town line
:: '''f'''. With &quot;'''FIM'''&quot; barcode at the upper left.

'''NOTES''':
* The NOTES below PC-C2.1 apply to PC-C2.2 also.
* These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right.
* For a similar type inscribed &quot;'''Stamps /Endicia '''&quot; see &quot;'''PC-C8'''&quot;


[[File: USA PC-C4B.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-C2.3.1''' 2005.

: At top left: postage value above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and class of mail. 
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.
: &quot;Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: Basic stamp without framing

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.3.2''' 

: &quot;Stamps / Endicia” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: At top left: postage value above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and class of mail. 
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.
: Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.3.3''' 

: As '''PC-C2.3.2''', [[File: PC-C2.3.3p.png|right|500px]]
: &quot;Stamps.com” logo at far right of 2D &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: Stamp at top right of address label (FS5) with large mail class indicator to its left. 
: Class of mail spelled out below V/F, with type of pricing below
: At top right: meter identification number with 062S prefix above customer ID, above &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00


'''PC-C2.4.1''' 2005.
:  As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
:  Stamps.com logo right of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode. 
: &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top left above rate statement.
:  Meter number with 062S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. 
:: '''A'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code
::: '''1'''. Basic stamp without framing[[File: USA PC-C5A.jpg|right|400px]]


::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-C5B.jpg|right|540px]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
!
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0005418699
| 
| A7
| B0
| C5
| 11/21/2005
| 02845 
| 
|
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0005715741
|
| A6
| B3
| C1
| 09/06/2011 
| 66030 
| GARDNER, KS
| Box F split horizontally in two, &quot;Thank You&quot; in bottom half.
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 05/28/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/02/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0008902567
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 07/15/2014
| 19803
| Wilmington, DE
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009143056
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 02/20/2018
| 08080
| Mount Holly, NJ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009151784
| 
| A2
| B3
| C1
| 06/01/2015
| 92154
| San Diego, CA
|
|}


:: '''B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code
::: '''2'''. Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator or solid block to its left and the class of mail spelled out below.

[[File:USA stamp type PC-C2point4b.jpeg|right|400px]]


'''NOTE''': Sub-type '''B''' has been found printed directly onto a plastic bag. See image below.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4 NOTE.JPG|right|300px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C2.4.2''' 2005.
:  As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
:  With &quot;'''stamps / endicia'''&quot; replacing the stamps.com logo right of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode. 
: &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top left above rate statement.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
:: '''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).


::::: '''-1''' Prefix &quot;'''026W'''&quot;
{{font/top|size=2}}
: ’’’Known usage’’’:

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! 
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 026W00048272786
| 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 04/11/2022
| 07036
| LINDEN, NJ
| Box F: order info?
|-
| 
|
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
::::: '''-2''' Prefix &quot;'''062S'''&quot;  
{{font/top|size=2}}
[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.png|right|450px]]
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! 
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A6
| 
| C5
| 01/02/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, Framed
|-
| FS5
| '''1'''
| '''XXXIV'''
| 062S0000618312
| 
| A6
| 
| C5
| 01/30/2020
| 92373
| INGLEWOOD CA
| Box E: Blank, no tracking #, 
|-
| FS5
| '''E'''
| '''XXXV'''
| 062S0006097059
|
| A19
| B2
| C3
| 11/25/2019
| 45177
| VALENCIA CA
| Order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| III
| 062S0009416802
| 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 05/10/2022
| 14150
|
| Order info, framed
|}
{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

:: '''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''. 2 lines at upper right, Meter number/zip code (Box B2).[[File: PC-C2.4.2A.1 250331.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} Similar to &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} New &quot;'''Stamps'''&quot; logo
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Mail class indicator using &quot;'''New Helvetica'''&quot; font as opposed to &quot;'''Arial Block'''&quot; in &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.0'''&quot;.
::: {{space|10}} Prefix &quot;'''063S'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with three lines in upper right and &quot;'''Arial Block'''&quot; font see &quot;'''PC-C2.4.3'''&quot;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-C2.4.2B'''. 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). '''Box F''' blank or with Proprietary info.
:::{{space|10}}Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(7) across bottom
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p4ccc.jpg|right|450px]]
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0001435225
| 11675116
| A7
| B1
| 
| 02/24/2023
| 91311 
| CHATSWORTH, CA
| BOX F: order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S00014423--
| 8014--
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/12/2022
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442380
| 9726250
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022
| 28674
| PINEHURST, NC
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442584
| 7557381
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/21/2022
| 37211
| NASHVILLE, TN
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442597
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/10/2023
| 90058
| VERNON, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442618
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/10/2023
| 92618
| IRVINE, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442648
| 7535523
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022
| 54115
| DE PERE, WI
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442652
| 7535523
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/16/2022
| 54115
| DE PERE, WI
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442674
| 7460441
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/21/2022
| 63367
| LAKE SAINT LOUIS, MO
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001442685
| 9619750
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/11/2023
| 94931
| COTATI, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S000144269-
| 7395525
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/11/2023
| 90058
| VERNON, CA
| Box F= order info
|-
| FS5?
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0001443299
| 6080690
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 11/17/2022
| 32174
| ORMOND BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001484855
| 17633955 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 03/08/2023  
| 68048
| PLATTSMOUTH, (NE)
| PC malfunction? Missing Box B2 barcode and insignia
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009145384
| 8290678 
| A1
| B3
| C1
| 02/05/2018
| 98338  
| GRAHAM, WA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0008589402
| 7557381
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022  
| 37211
| NASHVILLE, TN
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0009146178
| 8239329
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022  
| 60543
| OSWEGO, IL
| Box F order info
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009564660
| 7778491
| A1
| B3
| C3
| 10/22/2018
| 91304
| CANOGA PARK, CA
| BOX F with Business Info
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0009564879
| 7733098
| A20
| B6
| C3
| 10/17/2022
| 33619
| TAMPA, FL
|
|-
| FS5?
| '''1'''
| '''I'''
| 062S0009565018
| 10860336
| A4
| B0
| C5
| 04/06/2020 
| 33458 
| JUPITER, FL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0010887747
| 8128979
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 06/13/2022
| 33167
| MIAMI, FL
| BOX F with Prop Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''II'''
| 062S0010937521
| 10709064
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 02/08/2021
| 92648
| HUNTINGTON BEACH, CA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''II'''
| 062S0010984631
| 10354575
| A8
| B2
| C3
| 04/27/2020
| 11791
| SYOSSET, FL (ERROR FOR NY)
| BOX F ORDER Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011128915
| 8051382
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 10/19/2020
| 53715
| MADISON, WI
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011129014
| 8051382
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 09/30/2020
| 53715
| MADISON, WI
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''P'''
| '''IV'''
| 062S0011682632 
| 10232544
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 02/08/2021
| 31558
| SAINT MARYS, GA
| 
|-
| FS4?
| '''P'''
| '''IV'''
| 062S0011682632 
| 10232544
| A3
| B1
| C4
| 09/29/2022
| 31558
| SAINT MARYS, GA
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0011692109
| 9897299
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022
| 30101
| ACWORTH, GA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584392
| 5455555
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 10/27/2020
| 33458
| JUPITER, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584433
| 16035441
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/19/2022
| 84096
| HERRIMAN, UT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584494  
| 6916215
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022
| 85298
| GILBERT, AZ
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0012584517
| 17771454
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 08/22/2022
| 32401
| PANAMA CITY, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584551 
| 7778491
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 06/12/2020
| 91311 
| CHATSWORTH, CA
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584560
| 17663543 
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 09/21/2022 
| 27525 
| FUQUAY VARINA, NC
| Please Do Not Bend
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0012584561
| 8072505
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 06/28/2022 
| 06475 
| OLD SAYBROOK, CT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0013352599
| 10538570
| A1
| B1
| C4
| 09/21/2022 
| 45249
| CINCINNATI, OH
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0013352605
| 8072505 
| A1
| B2
| C3
| 06/28/2022 
| 06475
| OLD SAYBROOK, CT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950040
| 10137355
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/16/2022  
| 38474
| MOUNT PLEASANT, TN
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950074
| 8014787
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 12/15/2022  
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| Box F:Thank You For Your Order
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0014950080
| 8014787
| A5
| B4
| C4
| 12/12/2022  
| 84032
| HEBER CITY, UT
| BOX F &quot;Thank you for your order!&quot;
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 062S0014950085
| 9765391
| A5
| B5
| C4
| 11/11/2022
| 84606
| SPRINGVILLE, UT
| BOX F with order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950089
| 9716903
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/02/2022  
| 83442
| AMMON, ID
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950092
| 9728837
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/10/2022  
| 84026
| FORT DUCHESNE, UT
| BOX F with Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950241 
| 8570771
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 11/19/2022
| 84062
| PLEASANT GROVE, UT
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950278 
| 17957223
| A1
| B1
| C3
| 01/03/2023
| 78245
| SAN ANTONIO, TX
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950365
| 580628?
| A6
| B2
| C3
| 09/13/2023
| 75041
| 
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950507 
| 6080690
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 11/17/2022
| 32174
| ORMOND BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0014950544 
| 10875452
| A2
| B1
| C3
| 03/14/2023
| 19317
| CHADDS FORD, PA
| 
|}
{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-C2.4.2C.0'''. ''2023''
::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). 
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is &quot;'''Arial Nova Bold'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.0 250331.png|right|450px]]


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0001442545
| 7537397
| A3
| B1
| C7
| 01/22/2024
| 48212
| HAMTRAMCK, MI
| Box F: Order info.

|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 062S0001443325
| 11683909
| A2
| B2
| C3
| 06/28/2023
| 46323
| HAMMOND, IN
|
|-
| FS5
| BLACK FILL
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0014949809
| 7542988
| A7
| B1
| 
| 03/25/2024
| 80116
| FRANKTOWN, CO
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950062
| 9717116
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 03/16/2024
| 98467
| UNIVERSITY PL, WA
| Box F: Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950187
| 4998344
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 02/27/2024
| 91761
| ONTARIO, CA
| Box F: Order Info
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950544
| 19750766
| A9
| B2
| C7
| 08/22/2024
| 93105
| SANTA BARBARA, CA
| Green band at top and a portion of left
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0014950560
| 17195820
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 10/12/2023
| 85013
| PHOENIX, AZ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| ?
| 6636835
| A14
| B6
| C7
| 05/01/2024
| 43228
| COLUMBUS, OH
| Box F: Order Info
|}

{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
:: '''PC-C2.4.2C.1'''. ''2024''[[File: PC-C2.4.2C.png|right|450px]]
::: {{space|10}} 3 lines at upper right, Meter number / customer ID number / zip code ('''Box B2'''). 
::: {{space|10}} Stamp at top right of address label with large mail class indicator (of various sizes) or solid block to its left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C).
::: {{space|10}} Large mail class indicator font is &quot;'''New Helvetica Bold'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}} PDF417(8) across bottom
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 062S0001443239
| 6928035
| A9
| B2
| C3
| 01/22/2024
| 91733
| EL MONTE, CA
| Box F: Order info.
|}

{{font/end}}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C2.4.3''' 2024.[[File: PC-C2.4.3.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
::: {{space|10}} With new &quot;'''Stamps '''&quot;  logo replacing the stamps / endicia logo at the right of &quot;PDF417(8)&quot; barcode. 
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer’s Zip code at top right. 
::: {{space|10}} For similar item with with two lines in upper right and &quot;'''New Helvetica'''&quot; font see &quot;'''PC-C2.4.2A.1'''&quot;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.4.4''' 2025.[[File: PC-C2.4.4 250802.png|right|450px]]

::: {{space|10}} As Type PC-C2.3 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
::: {{space|10}} With new &quot;'''Stamps '''&quot;  logo at top right. 
::: {{space|10}} &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; at top left above rate statement.
::: {{space|10}} ID number with 063S prefix above mailer's ID number and mailer’s Zip code at top right below &quot;'''Stamps'''&quot; logo. 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-C10.jpg|right|880px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-C2.5. ''' 

'''PC-C2.5.1 ''' 2014.

: Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the &quot;PDF417{8)&quot; barcode.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps.com'''&quot;. With &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; instead of value figures.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.5C.jpg|right|890px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2p5B.jpg|right|860px]]

'''PC-C2.5.2 ''' 2014.

: Similar to Type PC-C2.4 but the manufacturer's logo is above the right end of the &quot;PDF417{8)&quot; barcode.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps endicia'''&quot;. 
:: '''A'''.  With value figures: {{spaces|5}} $00'''.'''00
:: '''B'''.  With &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; instead of value figures.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C2p7.jpg|right|880px]]

'''PC-C2.5.3''' ''2012.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.4 but with date between the &quot;FROM&quot; (ZIP code) and the Stamps.com logo.
: Seen with tracking number at right of the frank, on a customs form.
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: PDF417(7) barcode

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;For information on the various types of 2 dimensional barcodes see introduction to &quot;'''Group PC'''&quot; above''}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC2point6.jpg|right|500px]]


'''PC-C2.6.0.''' ''2015.''
: Very similar to Type PC-C2.3B but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is right of the value figures rather than below them.
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 

:: '''A'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps.com'''
:: '''B'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''[[File: PC-C2.6B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.6.1.''' ''2025.''
: As Type PC-C2.6.0 but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE imi&quot; is to the right of the value figures.[[File: PC-C2.6.1.png|right|500px]]
: Meter number with 062S prefix.
: PDF417(7) barcode
: New '''Stamps''' logo to the right of the bar code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA stamp type PC-G2B.jpg|right|580px]]

'''PC-C2.7.1.'''
: With &quot;DPDF417&quot; barcode as with Types PC-C2.1 through PC-C2.5 but without &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo.
: Top panel contains USPS eagle logo and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; at left.
: Tracking number above the barcode.
: Identification number with 062S prefix.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00, {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Commercial Base Pricing&quot; immediately below the 2D barcode


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-G4B.jpg|right|1000px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G4.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C2.7.2.'''


: Similar to Type PC-C2.7.1 but very wide imprint with '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo above usps.com (without the eagle-head logo)/ &quot;US POSTAGE / PAID&quot; at left.
: Along the bottom are the weight, date, Mailed from ZIP code, and meter identification number with &quot;062S&quot; prefix.
: ''It appears that this stamp is generated only for International Priority and Express mail services.''
: Two versions are known:
:: '''A'''. Tracking barcode at far left in the panel. Smaller lower panel contains the mail class statement.
:: '''B'''. Smaller stamp, traditional barcode at center of panel, USPS logo at far left. A Customs Declaration statement appears above the traditional barcode. No lower panel containing a mail class statement, and no indication anywhere of the mail service being used.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C2.8''' 2020.

: With barcode as with all previous PC-C2 types but with the value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; at top above the date and &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and ZIP code.

: Below the bar code is the '''stamps endicia''' logo at left and the identification number at right.
: The identification number prefix is uncertain as the stamp we have seen appears to suffer from a software glitch. (See the illustration.)
: PDF417(4) barcode
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

:: '''A'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''  large [[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.8.jpg|right|500px]]
:: '''B'''. Manufacturer's logo is '''stamps endicia'''  small [[File: PC-C2.8B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C2.9.jpg|right|500px]]
'''PC-C2.9''' 2021.
: Similar to PC-C2.8 but with a rate statement rather than value figures.
: Above the &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; bar code:
:- US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID
:- date, Mailed from ZIP [code]
:- weight and rate statement(s)
: Below the bar code: '''stamps endicia''' logo at left and the identification number with 062S prefix at right

:: '''A'''. Large &quot;'''stamps / endicia'''&quot; logo, 062S with 7 digits
:: '''B'''. Small &quot;'''stamps / endicia'''&quot; logo, 062S with 10 digits, FS5 label [[File: PC-C2.9B.png|right|450px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File: USA stamp type PC-C6.jpg|right|140px]]

'''PC-C3.1.''' 2007.
: Stamp with horizontal &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode.
: Small frank with value figures at top above &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot;, class of mail, &quot;FROM&quot; ZIP code, and date.
: Below the date are the stamps.com logo, the barcode, and identification number at bottom.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-C7.jpg|right|195px]]

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2aa.jpg|right|175px]]
'''PC-C3.2.1'''
:  As Type PC-C3.1 but the &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. 
:  '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix.  
:  Town line &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
:: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment)
:: '''b'''. Town line without ZIP code showing &quot;FROM&quot; alone
[[File: USA stamp type PC3p2 label.jpg|right|360px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-C3.2.2'''. '''stamps&lt;sub&gt;endicia&lt;/sub&gt;''' logo, identification number with '''062S''' prefix.

:: '''a'''. Identification number omitted (possible printer misalignment)
:: '''c'''. Numeric month in date, as: {{space|4}} 00/00/2018[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C3.2C label.jpeg|right|380px]]
:: '''d'''. With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C3.2.3'''  ''2025''
:  As Type PC-C3.2.1 but the &quot;IBI Lite&quot; barcode is vertical at right next to the identification number reading down at far right. 
: &quot;'''US POSTAGE IMI'''&quot;
:  tHE NEW '''Stamps.com''' logo, identification number with '''063S''' prefix.  
:  Town line &quot;FROM&quot; and ZIP code
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;

[[File: PC-C3.2.3 250217.png|right|360px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''NOTE''': These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. Stamps.com provided L-shaped labels with pink fluorescent bars along the top and right. Other label sizes and shapes exist. See below.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3p3.jpg|right|370px]]

'''PC-C3.3.''' 2018.
: Identification number and Stamps.com logo read down at far right.
: From the top down, point-of-sale data is:
:: Value figures
:: '''US POSTAGE'''
:: mail class
:: ZIP code and date
:: Horizontal IBI Lite bar code
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
'''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C3.4 actual.jpg|right|370px]]

'''PC-C3.4.''' 2021.
: As Type PC-C3.3 but with '''stamps /endicia''' at right.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;
'''NOTE''': Seen on plain white self-adhesive labels with rounded corners.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-C3.2 250115.png|right|150px]]

'''PC-C3.5.''' 2022.
: Most similar to Type PC-C3.1 but without company identification.
: Identification number with 062S prefix. 

::::-A [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]&lt;font size=2&gt;&lt;font color=191970&gt;: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
::::-B [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|8px]]&lt;font size=2&gt;&lt;font color=191970&gt;: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000&lt;u&gt;o&lt;/u&gt;[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|12px]]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;
[[File:PC-C3.5B 250116.png|right|150px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA PC-F10.jpg|right|940px]]


'''PC-C4.1.1.''' 2002.
:  Very wide design with large &quot;Delivery Confirmation&quot; 1D barcode at center and square Datamatrix barcode at right.
: Above the 2D barcode are the weight, ZIP code, ID# with 062S prefix, and date.
: At far left is the class of mail above “US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID”.
: Without value figures. The &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo is below the 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

 '''PC-C4.1.2.'''. With value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.1.''' (&quot;stamps.com&quot; logo below 2D barcode)[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1D.jpg|right|940px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C4.2.1.'''. With &quot;stamps.com&quot; logo and value figures at top above the 2D barcode: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 (&quot;stamps.com&quot; logo at top)[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10B.jpg|right|940px]]

:: '''a'''. Without tracking barcode at center[[File: USA stamp type PC-F10aa.jpg|right|400px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C4.2.2.'''. Without value figures but otherwise as '''PC-C4.2.1.''' 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}


'''PC-C4.3.'''. As '''PC-C4.1.1.''', with new company  logo, '''stamps indicia'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-C4.1E.jpg|right|940px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9 complete.jpg|right|540px]]


'''PC-C5.1.''' 2011.
:  The point-of-sale text is immediately to the left of the square Datamatrix barcode rather than above. 
: The frank appears unframed at the top of an address label.
: Identification number with 062S prefix.  
: The country name is not in or near the frank, but &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; is found at bottom below the mail class.
: With value figures
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C5.2.'''. As '''PC-C5.1.''',Without value figures[[File: USA stamp type PC-C9B.jpeg|right|540px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-C5.3.'''. As '''PC-C5.2.''', with new company  logo, '''stamps / endicia'''[[File: PC-C5.3.png|right|540px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C6.1.''' 2020. [[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3.jpg|right|390px]]

: ”'''stamps/endicia'''” logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
: Value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; and code. V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}
'''PC-C6.2.'''. As'''PC-C6.1.''', Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; at top

: ”'''stamps/endicia'''” logo reads down at right of the 2D barcode, and the ID number is below the barcode.
: Meter Identification number with 062S or 071S prefix.

:::: '''A'''. Small Mail Class letter, shorter than the barcode.[[File:PC-C4.3B2.png|right|450px]]

::::: '''-1'''. Prefix &quot;'''061S'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0001442198
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Jul 05 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0001442222
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Jun 07 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| BLACK
| '''VIII'''
| 062S0009761530
| 13928181
| A7
| B1
| 
| Feb 02 2023
| 48375
| NOVI, MI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''X'''
| 062S0010968105
| 12429570
| A10
|
| C6
| Sep 20 2022
| 32207
| JACKSONVILLE, FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0012584411
| 17222940
| A10
| 
| C6
| Aug 22 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0013352605
| 17222940
| A10
|
| C6
| Aug 22 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0014950307
| 17222940
| A1
| B2
| C6
| Nov 10 2022
| 33634
| TAMPA FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''XXIX'''
| 062S0014949919
| 11613058
| A14
| B2
| C7
| Sep 04 2024
| 54914
| APPLETON, WI
| 
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 062S0014950343
| 11746372
| A1
| B2
| C6
| Mar 06 2023
| 11716
| BOHEMIA NY
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''-2'''. Prefix &quot;'''071S'''&quot;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Form size
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Line A type
! Line B type
! Line C type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 071S00894672
| 
| A10
| 
| C6
| Apr 15 2022
| 90021
| (RIALTO CA)
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XI'''
| 071S00894672
| 
| A10
| 
| C6
| Feb 09 2023
| 90021
| (NEWARK NJ)
|
|}

{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::: '''B'''. Large Mail Class letter, taller than the barcode.[[File:USA meter stamp PC-C4.3B.jpg|right|450px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Types '''SE1''' and '''SE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F7.jpg|right|540px]]
[[File: USA PC-F8.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-C6.3.1.''' 2002.[[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|6px]]V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
: Downloaded directly from the Stamps.com web site. 
: Square Datamatrix barcode at right with &quot;stamps.com&quot; reading up to its right. 
: Text left justified as follows: 
: Value figures at top above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, mail class, date, ID number, and ZIP code
: Meter Identification number with 062S prefix.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C6.3.2.''' Without value figures. &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; above date, ID# with 062S prefix, ZIP code, rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C7 ''' 2023. [[File: PC-C7.png|right|400px]]

: DataMatrix 2-D barcode at right
: Manufacturer's logo is to the right of the &quot;DataMatrix(4)&quot; barcode.
: &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left
: Meter number with 062S prefix. 
: Manufacturer's logo is &quot;'''stamps endicia'''&quot;. 

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-C8.''' 2025. [[File: PC-C8 250601.png|right|360px]]

: Similar to types &quot;'''PC-C2.1, PC-C2.2'''&quot;
: Corporate logo as &quot;'''Stamps / Endicia '''&quot;
: Town line with town, state and ZIP code or with '''MAILED FROM''' and ZIP code.
: Identification number with 062S prefix below right of 2D &quot;PDF417(3)&quot; barcode.
: With &quot;'''FIM'''&quot; barcode at upper left
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00


'''NOTES''':
* These stamps can be printed directly to the mail piece or on labels. 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-D: Franks from Pitney Bowes software, ID numbers with 02#P, 02#W, or 07#P prefix}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* The earlier stamps show logos consisting of an eagle's head and wing. Later stamps are generic, text and bar code only, but most include &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; in the design. One stamp, Type PC-D4, does not include the company name and is identifiable as a Pitney Bowes product only by the identification number with &quot;02&quot; prefix.
* Identification number prefixes seen so far are 022P, 024P, 022W, 026W and 071P.
* Pitney Bowes PC stamps began field testing in the Washington DC area in December 1998.

{{font/end}}
{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0A.jpg|right|415px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D0B.jpg|right|415px]]
'''PC-D0. “ClickStamp Online”''', probably 1998. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare'']
: Experimental stamp with small eagle profile image at upper right. Left of the eagle are the date, value figures,  and “US POSTAGE” with three stars. Above the “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode field are the identification number at left and “Mailed From Zip Code” and ZIP code.

: Identification number with 022P000230 prefix.
:: '''A'''. The type font is somewhat heavy. The &quot;P&quot; in the ID number has no serif. Three reported:
::: 1) ID number 022P0002300165, ZIP code 20260 
::: 2) ID number 022P0002306771, ZIP code 20032
::: 3) ID number 022P0002307167, ZIP code 13057
:: '''B'''. The type font is somewhat lighter. The &quot;P&quot; in the ID number has serif at bottom. ID number 022P0002306600, ZIP code 20260
: V/F: {{space|2}} $ ~0.00&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt; 
 
: '''NOTE''': This stamp type was previously cataloged as an essay (ESY-DB4.4) until verifiably postally used covers were identified.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E2.jpg|right|415px]]

'''PC-D1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 21 April 1999. {{space|2}} [''Exceptionally rare'']
: Experimental stamp with eagle with wavy wing below &quot;FIM&quot; barcode. 
: Stamp with “'''PDF417'''(9)” barcode.
: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, date, value figures, ZIP code, and identification number stacked at right.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: Class of mail vertical at left side.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o
 
: '''NOTE''': When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2A.jpg|right|415px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2p2B.jpg|right|430px]]

'''PC-D2.1. “ClickStamp Online”''', 2000. 
: Similar to Type PC-D1 but straight eagle's wing above &quot;PITNEY BOWES&quot;. 
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
:: '''A'''. Inscribed &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; with stops. &quot;MAILED FROM ZIP CODE&quot; one line, all capitals.
:: '''B'''. Inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; without stops. &quot;Mailed from ZIP Code&quot; in two lines, mixed case.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o

'''NOTES''':
: 1)  When printed on a color-capable printer, the wing of the eagle is (usually) in red.
: 2)  The system allows for a re-date stamp without postage value (as shown below).

: 3)  Pitney Bowes required at least some users of ClickStamp Online to send them a sample print once a year on an envelope marked withe the components of the user's system. (Example shown below right.)

[[File: USA PC-E3 redate.jpg|left|330px]]
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D2.1 NOTE 3.jpeg|right|500px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-E4.jpg|right|390px]]

'''PC-D2.2. “ClickStamp Online”'''. 
: This is the postage correction frank used with the software system that produced type PC-D2.1.
: The eagle is larger than with type PC-D2.1 and in line with the date which is above &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; rather than below.
: Large “POSTAGE CORRECTION” below eagle.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: Without town line or ZIP code.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00o

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USMETER22041502.png|right|300px]]
{{font/top|size=2|color=red}}
'''Type Note: In the following listings, the descriptions will often include specific details regarding the mailing label, they will referenced as follows'''
::::: Panel or Box A:  '''USPS insignia''' ('' sometimes not present'')
::::: Panel or Box B:  oftentimes subdivided  
::::::: Box B1 &quot;'''F, P.'''&quot; etc, 
::::::: Box B2 includes, barcode, date, identification number
::::: Panel or Box C:  Mail Class
::::: Panel or Box D:  Address 
::::: Panel or Box E:  Tracking number/Bar code
::::: Panel or Box F:  often times blank ('' sometimes not present'')
{{font/end}}
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p1A.jpg|right|345px]]
[[File: USA PC-F6.jpg|right|515px]]

'''PC-D3.1A. &quot;Shipstream Manager&quot;'''. 
: As with PC-D1 through PC-D2.3, with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; or &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;, date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above barcode.
: Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and the ID number with 071P prefix. 
: Basic stamp without framing. Top line contains value figures and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;. 
::: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.1B. &quot;Shipstream Manager&quot;'''. 
: Box B2 &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; or &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;, date, town line (Mailed from ZIP...) and rate above &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below. Top line &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot;.  With rate statement instead of value figures.
: No Box A, Box B the dividing line extends the entire height of the box. 
: Identification number  071P prefix

:: '''A'''. &quot;'''FCM'''&quot; in Box B1
::: '''a'''.  Box B2 &quot;'''US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID'''&quot;/DATE    &quot;Mailed from ZIP&quot; / / &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode / &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;     Identification number
:::: '''1'''. Box C: &quot;'''USPS FIRST CLASS'''&quot;
::::: '''-a'''. Box B2: 3rd line &quot;1oz First-Class Parcel rate&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RD5''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1A.jpg|right|530px]]
[[File: USA PC-G1B.jpg|right|550px]]

'''PC-D3.2.''' 
: Found only on labels downloaded from internet vendor eBay. 
: In panel across the top are the USPS eagle logo at left and the '''eBay''' logo at right.
: Inside the stamp frame: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; and rate statement centered above the &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and the identification number with 024P prefix.
: Large rate indicator in frame at left.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil
: {{font|size=2|color=red|See also '''PC-D3.3B.6'''}}

:: '''A'''. With value figures
:: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3'''.
: Similar to Type PC-D3.2,
: A large label formatted with as many as 7 subsections (&quot;'''boxes'''&quot;)
: Below &quot;'''Box A'''&quot; if present, or at the top there are two boxes (&quot;'''Box B1'''&quot; at the left and &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; at the right)
: Within &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; is the “'''PDF417(7)'''” 2D barcode there is nothing above the barcode. 
: Also within &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; are 3 '''stacks''', 
: '''Stack B2.1''' &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; (''or variation''), date, “From” and ZIP code, weight, and optionally a Zone number are stacked at left.
: '''Stack B2.2''' Below the barcode are &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; and a rate statement or statements at the center. 
: '''Stack B2.3''' Meter number/ID number at right.
: The ID number has 022W, 024P, or 026W prefix.
: In a smaller box at left (&quot;'''Box B1'''&quot;) is a large letter code representing the mail class.
: In a wide box (&quot;'''Box C'''&quot;) below &quot;'''Box B1'''&quot; and &quot;'''Box B2'''&quot; is the class of mail.
: If present the value figures appear above &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;.
: '''Labels may be framed or unframed'''
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 or nil
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3A'''. With value figures
: A large label with 6 boxes &quot;'''FS5'''&quot;(&quot;'''Boxes B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''&quot;)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3A1'''.
:: '''Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3A2'''.   '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date   [[File: PC-D3.3A3.png|right|500px]]
:: '''A'''. '''026W'''  &lt;font size=1&gt;over 10-digit number starting with&lt;/font&gt; 0004

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897241
| CommPrice
| 06/20/2023
| 32961
| VERO BEACH, FL
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897622
| CommPrice
| 10/18/2023
| 29568
| 
| 
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
:: '''B'''. '''028W'''  &lt;font size=1&gt;over 10-digit number starting with&lt;/font&gt; 0002

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| FS5?
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310688
| CommPrice
| 05/11/2024
| 34293
| VENICE FL
| 
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3A3'''.   '''US POSTAGE IMI''' in one line alone above the date as &quot;'''PC-D3.3A3'''&quot;, Box A with &quot;'''UNITED STATES / POSTAL SERVICE ®'''&quot; and emblem on left.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B'''. With rate statement

'''PC-D3.3B.1'''.[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3.jpg|right|500px]]

::''' Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE''' in one line alone above the date

'''PC-D3.3B.1A'''.  Prefix &quot;'''21B'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0050723999
| CommPrice
| 07/20/2022
| 07112
| Newark NJ
| Box F: order data
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0060312094
| CommPrice
| 11/28/2022
| 07036
| Linden NJ
| Box F: order data
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 021B0060494251
| CommPrice
| 11/28/2022
| 90670
| Santa fe springs CA
| Box F: order data
|}

'''PC-D3.3B.1B'''.  Prefix &quot;'''26W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
|
| '''P'''
| '''VII'''
| 026W0004897242
| ComPlsPrice
| 11/25/2020
| 07419
|
|
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 026W0004897590
| 
| 01/02/2021
| 97239
| Portland OR
|
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 026W0004897774
| CommPlsPrice
| 07/31/2020
| 60490
| Bolingbrook IL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897814
| CommPrice
| 01/08/2021
| 91304
| Los Angeles CA
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897894
|
|
| 54843
|
|


|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.1C''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4A.0.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.1A.B''' but with customer ID at lower right
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE''' above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''VII'''
| 026W0004897326
| 3000093152
| ComPlsPrice
| 12/04/2020
| 91706
| IRWINDALE CA
| ID numbers in larger font
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897491
| 3000008007
| CommPrice
| 05/23/2019
| 48114
| BRIGHTON MI
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.2'''.[[File: PC-D3.3B.1.png|right|500px]]

:: '''Box B2::'''.  '''US POSTAGE / PAID''' in two lines  above the date


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
| 12/29/2021
| 54843 
| Hayward WI
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.3A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.3.png|right|500px]]
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W [[File: PC-D3.3B.3A-H 2501002.png|right|500px]]

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''H'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0002310502
| CommPrice
| 08/04/2025
| 33068
| North Lauderdale FL
| &quot;'''HAZMAT-Surface Transportation Only'''&quot;
|-
| FS5?
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897241
| CommPrice
| 01/26/2023
| 13147
| SCIPIO CENTER NY
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897242 
| CommPrice
| 08/16/2022
| 93943
| MONTEREY CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897400
| CommPrice
| 05/24/2023
| 16063
| ZELIENOPLE PA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897451
| CommPrice
| 11/24/2023
| 95240
| LODI CA
|
|-
| PS4
| '''P'''
| '''XIII'''
| 026W0004897525
| CommPrice
| 10/23/2023
| 98239
| COUPEVILLE WA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| PS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897591
| CommPrice
| 03/07/2022
| 92404
| SAN BERNARDINO CA
| 
|-
| PS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 02/02/2022
| 92404
| SAN BERNARDINO CA
| 
|-
| PS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897642
| CommPrice
| 12/06/2023
| 81413
| CEDAREDGE CO
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| PS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897778
| CommPrice
| 02/27/2023
| 76013
| PANTEGO TX
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''III'''
| 026W0004897790
| CommPrice
| 11/01/2022
| 08110
| PENNSAUKEN NJ
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897812
| CommPrice
| 11/25/2023
| 11432
| JAMAICA NY
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897816
| CommPrice
| 08/22/2022
| 33770
| LARGO FL
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897817
| CommPrice
| 06/20/2023
| 77030
| HOUSTON TX
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897878
| CommPrice 
| 08/25/2022
| 66505
| MANHATTAN KS
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
| 01/23/2023
| 08110
| PENNSAUKEN NJ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897895
| CommPrice
| 02/04/2022
| 45806
| CRIDERSVILLE OH
|
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897895
| CommPrice
| 11/21/2023
| 95628
| FAIR OAKS CA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897939
| CommPrice
| 03/28/2022
| 55304
| ANDOVER MN
|
|-
|
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004897942
| CommPrice
| 04/29/2022
| 06514
| HAMDEN CT
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 026W0004898023
| CommPrice
| 09/23/2022
| 75150
| MESQUITE TX
|
|}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.3B'''
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date [[File: PC-D3.3B.3B 250415.png|right|500px]]
:: Meter numbers: 028W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310364
| CommPrice
| 03/18/2024
| 96003
| REDDING CA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311094
| CommPrice
| 02/05/2024
| 34222
| ELLENTON FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311094
| CommPrice
| 08/22/2024
| 11735
| FARMINGDALE NY
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311374
| CommPrice
| 02/22/2024
| 33436
| BOYNTON BEACH FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS4
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311472
| CommPrice
| 03/04/2025
| 92376
| RIALTO CA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.4A.1''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 026W0004897241
| 3001124484
| ComPlsPrice
| 06/17/2022
| 93380
| VISALIA CA
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.4A.2''' 
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 028W


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 028W0002310218 
| 3000559694
| 
| 02/03/2023
| 98144
| SEATTLE WA
| Box F: order info
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 028W0002310350
| 3001704288
| CommPrice
| 02/03/2023
| 80907
| COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B.4B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.4B.png|right|500px]]
:: As '''PC-D3.3B.3''' but taller, thinner font
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
:: Meter numbers: 028W


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Customer ID
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310174
| 3002184618
| CommPrice
| 07/08/2024
| 60647
| CHICAGO IL
| 
|-
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.5A''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5a.png|right|500px]]
:: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' 
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 026W

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897798
| CommPrice
| 01/24/2023
| 30907
| MARTINEZ GA
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.5B''' [[File: PC-D3.3B.5B.png|right|500px]]
:: Similar to'''PC-D3.3B.3''' 
:: '''Box B2'''  '''US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
:: Meter numbers: 028W
:: Customer Identification Number below meter number

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D3.3B.6'''
:: A large label with 6 sections, 7 boxes  (&quot;'''Boxes A, B1, B2, C, D, E, F'''&quot;)
:: A box (&quot;'''Box A''') across the top containing the USPS eagle logo and &quot;UNITED STATES/ POSTAL SERVICE&quot; at left and a mailer's logo or identification at right. 
:: {{font|size=2|color=red|'''NOTE:''' ''For examples with'' '''Penalty of Fines Under 18 / USC 3571 for Private Use''' ''see'' '''OO-M1'''}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6A'''
:: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3,  US POSTAGE / PAID IMI''' in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6A.1A'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.1.png|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;
: identification number starts with &quot;'''026W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897242
| CommPrice
| 01/08/2022
| 19565
| WERNERSVILLE PA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897486
| CommPrice
| 08/19/2023
| 76002
| ARLINGTON TX
|
|-
| FS6
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 026W0004897525
| CommPrice
| 10/24/2023
| 35952
| SNEAD AL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897623
| CommPrice
| 05/08/2023
| 50010
| AMES IA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''P'''
| 
| 026W0004897894
| CommPrice
|
| 30513
|
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| 
| 026W0004897941
| CommPrice
|
| 60108
|
|
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6A.1B'''
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;
: identification number starts with &quot;'''028W'''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002310428
| 
| 06/18/2024
| 60512
| MONTGOMERY IL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''X'''
| '''VIII'''
| 028W0002310575
| 
| 05/31/2024
| 34677
| OLDSMAR FL
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 028W0002311092
| CommPrice
| 06/13/2024
| 11103
| ASTORIA NY
| No Box F, DM1 barcode below Box E
|}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6B'''
:: '''Box B2''' as '''PC-D3.3B.3,  US POSTAGE / &amp; FEES PD IMI''' in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6B.1'''[[File: PC-D3.3B.6B.11.png|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with &quot;''' a preferred / shipping service on ebay '''&quot;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897813
| CommPrice
| 06/30/2022
| 07111
| IRVINGTON NJ
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6C'''
:: '''Box B2'''   &quot;'''US POSTAGE / AND FEES PAID'''&quot; in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6C.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3C.jpg|right|500px]]
: '''Box A''' with “'''www.pitneybowes.com'''”

{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: For labels of this type used by an US Government Agency and with a Penalty statement see type &quot;'''OO-M1'''&quot;}}
{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XII'''
| 026W0004897572
| CommPrice
| 06/29/2021
| 76155
| 
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D3.3B.6D'''
:: '''Box B2'''   &quot;'''US POSTAGE'''&quot; in two lines above the date
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D3.3B.6D.1'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.3dd.jpg|right|500px]]

: '''Box A''' with “'''www.paypal.com'''”


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label  Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6?
| '''X'''
| '''X'''
| 026W0004897485
| CommPrice
| 11/25/2020
| 55422
| 
|}


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3p4.jpg|right|530px]]
'''PC-D3.4'''
: Similar to PC-D3.3 but with tracking number added above the PDF417 2D barcode.
: Stacked at left of the 2D barcode are &quot;usps.com&quot;, the value figures, &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;, a rate statement, and in the bottom corner, the date.
: Centered below the 2D barcode are “Mailed from” and ZIP code and “024P”.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}}  $00'''.'''00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{font|color=green|'''''NOTE: The stamp previously cataloged as Type PC-D3.5 is now a sub-type of PC-D3.3.'''''}}
[[File: PC-D3.5.png|right|1000px]]

'''PC-D3.5'''
: &quot;'''US POSTAGE / PAID IMI'''&quot; in two lines
: Unboxed rate class designation letter
: &quot;'''PDF417(7)'''&quot; 2-D barcode on right
: Meter Identification on right above customer Identification number
: Meter identification number: 028W followed by 10 digits
: On customs declaration form (CD)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D4.1.'''
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G6.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
: Similar to Type PC-D3.4 but in wider format with the tracking barcode at far left.
: Meter number seen with &quot;024P&quot; prefix.
: With value figures below &quot;PAID&quot;.
: V/F: {{space|4}}  $0'''.'''00
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.2.'''[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D3.7.jpeg|right|1000px]]

: Wide format as with PC-D4.1 but &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; and the mail class are at far left with the tracking barcode below.
: The postage data is found below the PDF417 barcode, as follows:
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix
:: Pitney Bowes (with &quot;CommPrice&quot; [or value figures?] below)
:: date
:: &quot;From&quot; ZIP code
:: weight
:: (destination) zone

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D4.3.1.'''[[File: PC-D4.3.1 260630.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.2 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID '''&quot; 
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.3.2.'''[[File: PC-D4.3.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.2 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot; 
:: ID# with &quot;026W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D4.4.'''[[File: PC-D4.4 250914.png|right|1000px]]

:: As with PC-D4.4 but with &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot; at right above Identification number.
:: Two black bars complete from left to right
:: ID# with &quot;028W&quot; prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.1.'''
: At right is the square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode.
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix
: At left: date/ ZIP code/ weight
: Always found on framed address label, and never with value figures.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.1A.''' [[File: USA PC-F9.jpg|right|500px]]
: At left solid block rate code indicator
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix at base


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.1B.'''[[File: PC-D5.1B.png|right|500px]]
: At left outline rate code indicator
: Centered in the middle: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;/ &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;/ rate statement/ identification number with 024P prefix in middle

::: '''-1'''. Meter identification number positioned as in the illustration  for '''PC-D5.1A.'''
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.2.''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B.jpg|right|307px]]
: Similar to Type PC-D4.1 but &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot; is vertical reading up at left.
: The rate, date, ZIP code, and weight are stacked between &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; (italicized) at top and the identification number at bottom.
: Identification number with 024P prefix.
: &quot;'''Found only on International postage/address/customs forms purchased online from the USPS web site.'''&quot;
: The complete form is shown reduced at right. Occurs in at least two types:
::::{{space|5}}  Type I {{space|5}}  &quot;To/From&quot; horizontal
::::{{space|5}}  Type II {{space|4}}  &quot;To/From&quot; vertical
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00 or nil
:{{font|size=2|color=red|NOTE: &quot;'''For labels of this type the collector should save the whole form'''&quot;}}


:: '''A'''. With &quot;ONLINE DISCOUNT RATE&quot; below US POSTAGE PAID  
:: '''B'''. With postage paid shown in dollars and cents [[File: USA stamp type PC-F9point1B.jpg|right|307px]]
:: '''C'''. Without rate, blank between US POSTAGE PAID and the date


[[File: USA stamp type PC-F9B document.jpg|right|800px]]
[[File: PC-D5.2z.png|right|800px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.3. “Shipstream Manager”''', 2006.[[File: USA PC-F11.jpg|right|888px]]
: Very wide design with square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode at right and large tracking barcode at center.
: Above the 2D barcode are the date, ZIP code, weight, and &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;.
: Below the 2D barcode is the ID number with 024P prefix.
: At far left is “US POSTAGE PAID” above the class of mail.
:: '''A'''. With rate statement instead of value figures.
:: '''B'''. With value figures above the date


[[File: USA stamp type PC-D4point3B.jpeg|right|888px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3point1.jpg|right|570px]]

'''PC-D5.4. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''', 2011. 
:  As Type PC-D4.5 but with &quot;www.pbSmartPostage.com&quot; instead of the eBay logo. 
:  Identification number with 024P prefix.
:: '''A'''. With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00
:: '''B'''. Without value figures but with rate statement

:: '''a'''. With &quot;Commercial Base Pricing&quot; immediately below the &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.5.''' (presumed to be '''“Shipstream Manager”'''), 2013.[[File: USA stamp type PC-F15.jpg|right|888px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D4.3 but with the elements rearranged.
: The identification number, date, &quot;From&quot; Zip code, and weight are below the square &quot;Datamatrix&quot; barcode.
: The tracking barcode is at far left rather than center.
: At near left of the Datamatrix barcode is &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;.
: &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; and the mail class are at far left above the tracking barcode.
:  Identification number with 024P prefix.
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


:: '''A'''. With value figures above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00
:: '''B'''. Without value figures

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.6. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''', 2006. 

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  With value figures. {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00 {{space|2}} [scarce]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.7. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' [[File: USA PC-G3B.jpg|right|495px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Service indicator in Box B1 with solid block letters
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  Without value figures but with rate statement


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D5.8. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' [[File: USA stamp type PC-G3D.jpg|right|530px]]

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  V/F: {{space|4}} V/F: $0'''.'''00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.9. &quot;SmartPostage&quot;''' 

:  Similar to Type PC-D3.2 but with square DataMatrix barcode instead of &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode. 
: “US POSTAGE PAID” at top center above &quot;Pitney Bowes&quot;, a rate statement, and the identification number. 
:  service indicator in Box B1 at left is narrower (not square) and the letter within is outlined rather than solid. 
:  Lettering in the panel [C] at bottom is smaller.
:  Meter identification number with 024P prefix.
:  With value figures or without but with rate statement
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-D5.9A.'''[[File: USA stamp type PC-G3C.jpg|right|530px]]

:  sans-serif &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629585
| ComBasPrice
| 12/28/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
| 
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629647
| ComBasPrice
| 02/10/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629652
| ComBasPrice
| 06/21/2014
| 10509
| BREWSTER NY
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XV'''
| 024P0007629756
| 
| 03/17/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
| 
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629758
| ComBasPrice
| 12/11/2012
| 32812
| ORLANDO FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007629777
| ComBasPrice
| 03/15/2017
| 17362
| SPRING GROVE PA
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007632129
| ComBasPrice
| 06/01/2019
| 85203
| MESA AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XV'''
| 024P0007776044
| 
| 02/25/2016
| 32701
| ALTAMONTE SPG FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776131
| ComBasPrice
| 02/10/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776147
| ComBasPrice
| 10/17/2016
| 76251
| MONTAGUE TX
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776172
| ComBasPrice
| 11/27/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776173
| ComBasPrice
| 08/18/2015
| 20904
| SILVER SPRING MD
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776210
| ComBasPrice
| 10/27/2015
| 33187
| MIAMI FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776653
| ComBasPrice
| 09/12/2016
| 12992
| WEST CHAZY NY
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007776711
| ComBasPrice
| 10/12/2016
| 60543
| OSWEGO IL
|
|-
| FS5
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007875935
| ComBasPrice
| 01/20/2015
| 85211
| MESA AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007875935
| ComBasPrice
| 10/06/2015
| 33161
| FLORIDA CITY FL
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876028
| ComBasPrice
| 01/12/2019
| 22301
| ALEXANDRIA VA
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876132
| ComBasPrice
| 11/10/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876761
| ComBasPrice
| 10/13/2015
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|-
| FS6
| '''F'''
| '''XIV'''
| 024P0007876771
| ComBasPrice
| 03/12/2016
| 85541
| PAYSON AZ
|
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.png|right|475px]]

:  Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.0.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.0.1 260630.png|right|475px]]

:  Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Printed on blue label stock


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.1 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  As with &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.0.''' Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  F/V $(0)0.00 above 4 lines at left of Box B2


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9B.2.'''[[File: PC-D5.9B.2 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  As with &quot;'''PC-D5.9B.1.''' Italic &quot;a preferred / shipping service on ebay&quot; in upper right
:  Font in Boxes B2 and C &quot;'''USPSIMB'''&quot; (either Compact or Standard?)
:  F/V $(0)0.00 above 2 lines at left of Box B2


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9C.0.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.0 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  In &quot;Box A&quot; at upper right &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;
:  &quot;Box B2&quot; 4 lines at left, Date/Zip Code/ Weight/ Zone


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D5.9C.1.'''[[File: PC-D5.9C.1 250609.png|right|475px]]

:  In &quot;Box A&quot; at upper right &quot;'''www.paypal.com'''&quot;
:  &quot;Box B2&quot; 2 lines at left, Date/Zip Code


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-D5.7.jpg|right|360px]]

'''PC-D6.0''', 2021. 
:  Similar to PC-D5.2 but with '''Pitney Bowes''' at the top of the point-of-sale data stacked at left of the Datamatrix barcode. 
:  Datamatrix barcode (DM4) 19 mm square, with 4 data blocks
:  Below '''Pitney Bowes''' are the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''' or '''US POSTAGE IMI''', a mail class statement.
:   a ten-digit number, &quot;3000156428&quot; evidently the customer identification number, the ZIP code and the date.
:  V/F: $0.00o 
:  This stamp arises from the new partnership between eBay and Pitney Bowes for &quot;eBay Delivery Service&quot; shipping.

:: '''A'''.  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE''', identification number with 026W prefix,
:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;


'''NOTE''': Type PC-D6 is nearly identical in appearance to Type QB7. They differ only in color and in the ten-digit number that appears below the identification number, '''black''' and '''3''' for PC-D5.7, and '''red''' and '''2''' for QB7.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-D6.1.0''', 2024.
:  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left, Datamatrix barcode 20 mm square, with 4 data blocks, identification number with 026W prefix,
:  Datamatrix barcode 15 mm square, with 4 data blocks, or 27mm square,
:  Identification number with 026W prefix,

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-D6.1.1''', 2024.
:  Inscribed '''US POSTAGE IMI''', with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode to left,
:  Datamatrix barcode 18-19 mm  with 4 data blocks, 
:  Identification number with 028W prefix,

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types:     &quot;FIRST-CLASS&quot;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-E: Franks from Envelope Manager (Endicia) software, ID numbers mostly with 07#V prefix but also 07#M, 07#S, 06#S and without ID number}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* All the stamps have a generic design, bar code and text. The earlier stamps include &quot;endicia.com&quot; in the design and later ones are identifiable only by the identification number which is most commonly 071V although 071M and 071S are also found. From 2024 on, 062, and 063 are also found. An exception is Type PC-E2.2, Sub-type A, which does not show an identification number.
* When first released (February 2001) the system was labeled by Indicia as &quot;'''DAZzle 2000'''&quot;.

* On November 18, 2015 Stamps.com (see Sub-group PC-C) acquired Endicia. In 2024, Stamps.com and Endicia were once again seperate, being individual divisions under a holding company.
{{font/end}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'''''NOTE''': &lt;br&gt;Several stamps in Group Q resemble stamps in Group PC. If you don't find what you are looking for here, check there.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE1''' in 2001 edition''}}

'''PC-E1.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2000. [[File: USA PC-F2A.jpg|right|316px]]
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.
: “US POSTAGE” at top right. 
: Stacked at center: value figures / class of mail / date / town line. 
: ID# with 071M, 071S, or 071V prefix at bottom right.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00 {{space|4}} $0'''.'''000


::'''PC-E1.1A'''. Basic stamp without framing


::: '''a'''.  Top portion above 2D barcode shifted far to the left (shown at right). This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F2aa.jpg|right|316px]]
::: '''b'''.  With &quot;CORRECTION&quot; instead of '&quot;endicia.com&quot; at bottom left
::: '''c'''.  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left.


::'''PC-E1.1B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F2B.jpg|right|500px]]


::'''PC-E1.1C''' As '''PC-E1.1A''' but with &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at bottom left of &quot;PDF417(7)&quot; barcode.


::: '''a'''.  With &quot;FIM&quot; barcode at top left.


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE2''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F3A.jpg|right|310px]]


'''PC-E1.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: As Type PC-E1.1 but the point-of-sale data is at left rather than in the center, and the sequence of data is different. 
: At top left: value figures/ date/ rate information
: At top right: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot;/ &quot;Mailed from ZIP...&quot;
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left
: Identification number with 071V prefix
: Never with &quot;FIM&quot; barcode.
: V/F: $0'''.'''00


:: '''PC-E1.2A'''. Basic stamp without framing


::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.
::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.2A-b.png|right|800px]]


:: '''PC-E1.2B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F3B.jpg|right|500px]]


::: '''d'''. Without rate information below the date[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p2dd.jpg|right|500px]]


:: '''PC-E1.2C'''. &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users


'''PC-E1.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: Similar to Type PC-E1.2 but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: “POSTAGE AND FEES PAID” at top above date, ZIP code, and rate statement. 
: “'''endicia.com'''” at bottom left


::'''PC-E1.3A'''. Basic stamp without framing [[File: USA PC-F4A.jpg|right|324px]]
::: Identification number with 071V prefix


::: '''a'''. With text above bar code shifted significantly to left or right. This may be the result of inconsistent software rather than printer variables.[[File: USA PC-F4bb.jpg|right|415px]]


::: '''b'''. On large label ('''STvar''') (see Section PC intro)[[File: PC-E1.3A-b.png|right|800px]]


::'''PC-E1.3B'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.[[File: USA PC-F4B.jpg|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 071V prefix


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{{font/top|size=2|color=black}}

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Line A Equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! City
! Notes
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''FCM'''
| '''XVI'''
| 071V00515554
| A13
| 
| OCT 27 2011
| 55337
| BURNSVILLE MN
| NO TRACKING BARCODE
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A11
| Commercial Base Price
| JAN 5 2015
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
| 
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| APR 12 2016
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| JAN 3 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| FEB 17 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA||-
| 
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''F'''
| '''IX'''
| 071V00525268
| A12
| Commercial Base Price
| MAR 1 2017
| 92705
| SANTA ANA CA||-
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| '''FCM'''
| '''XVI'''
| 071V00548099
| A13
| 
| APR 17 2007
| 83333
|
|
|-
| '''FS5'''
| solid black
| '''VIII'''
| 071V00682520
| A7
| 
| FEB 6 2009
| 80922
| COLORADO SPRINGS CO
|
|-
| '''FS3'''
| '''P'''
| '''V'''
| 071V01059238
| A11
| Commercial Plus Price
| SEP 8 2020
| 30071
| NORCROSS GA
|
|}
{{font/end}}


::: '''e'''. As '''B''', with question mark after the mail class statement: '''PRIORITY MAIL 2-DAY?'''
::::  (This may be a computer error with the question mark printing in place of a registration mark (''R in circle'').)[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E1p3ee.jpg|right|500px]]


::: '''f'''. Without the &quot;Box C&quot; containing the class of mail below the frank [[File: USA stamp type PC-E3p1ff.jpg|right|400px]]


::: '''g'''. &quot;Box E&quot; with USPS emblem at left, no tracking info[[File: PC-E1.3B-g.png|right|300px]]


::: '''h'''. &quot;Box E&quot; with USPS emblem at left, endicia emblem at right[[File: PC-E1.3B-h.png|right|300px]]


::'''PC-E1.3C'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with &quot;'''endicia.com/mac'''&quot; at lower left, produced by systems designed for Apple computer users[[File: USA PC-F4aa.jpg|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 071M prefix


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::'''PC-E1.3D'''. As '''PC-E1.3B''' with &quot;'''endicia'''&quot; at lower left, [[File: PC-E1.3D.png|right|500px]]
::: Identification number with 062S prefix

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E1p4.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-E1.4. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) “DAZzle 2000” ''', 2002. 
: Similar to Type PC-E1.3B but with logo and &quot;'''endicia'''&quot; at upper right.
: The ID number is above the 2D bar code at right.
: The date is below the mail class designation at left.
: Identification number with &quot;071V&quot; prefix.
: Seem on large label that includes customs information.


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE3''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-F5.jpg|right|530px]]

'''PC-E2.1. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) ''', 2002.
: Found only on the top of large address labels downloaded directly from the USPS web site. 
: In wide box at right is the 2D &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode.
: To the left of the 2D barcode are &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; vertical, &quot;WWW.USPS.COM&quot;, value figures, and date.
: A series of nine 4-digit numbers is above the 2D barcode, and the ZIP code and identification number with 071V prefix are below.
: Very large “P” (for Priority Mail) or “E” (for Express Mail) in box at left. 
: Across the bottom is the class of mail spelled out.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0'''.'''00  [[File:MeterCat 5 spaces.jpg|15px]]$00'''.'''00


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G2 B.jpg|right|580px]]

'''PC-E2.2. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. 
: Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo at right.
: This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1.
: Identification number, with 071V prefix, at right of the ZIP code

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00

:: '''Note'''. For similar item without identification number see &quot;'''PC-G3'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-E2.3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. [[File: USA stamp type PC-G5.jpg|right|1000px]]
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
: Nearly identical to Types PC-C5.2 (Stamps.com) and PC-D3.3 (Pitney Bowes) except for the identification number which has &quot;071V&quot; prefix.


'''PC-E3.1. Endicia.com ''', 2010.

: Square &quot;DataMatrix&quot; barcode at right with company identity reading down at far right.
: Text from top, at left of barcode: &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot;, mail class (''may be omitted''), date (mmm dd yyyy), ZIP code, rate statement (''may be omitted''), &quot;CommBasePrice&quot; or &quot;CommPlusPrice&quot; (''may be omitted'')
: Later stamps also include a second, more specific, rate statement. (''see the image for &quot;b&quot; below'')
: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode.


:: '''A1'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (longer than DataMatrix is tall), barred &quot;I&quot; font[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12 better.jpg|right|520px]]

::: ID# with 071S or 071V prefix below 2D barcode.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::::: '''c'''. Printed on short label containing tracking bar code but not the destination address[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p1cc.jpg|right|320px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


::::: '''e'''. Datamatrix bar code field contains vertical bars, probably caused by a malfunction [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E2p1ee.jpg|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''A2.1'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred &quot;I&quot; font 

::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''b'''. Text at top truncated: &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES P&quot;[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12bb.jpg|right|550px]]

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label type
! Box  B1 TYPE
! Box C type
! Meter number
! Line A equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip code
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| '''P'''
| XXXIII
| 071S00799149
| A17
| Commercial Plus Pricing
| Nov 27 2017
| 37801
| MARYVILLE TN
| 
|-
| FS4
| Black
| VIII
| 071S00773763
| A7
|
| Dec 19 2017
| 30605
| ATHENS GA
|
|-
| FS4
| Black
| VIII
| 071S00773763
| A7
|
| Dec 22 2017
| 30605
| ATHENS GA
|
|-
| 
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00913234
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice
| Aug 04 2014
| 33351
| SUNRISE FL
| subtype &quot;b&quot;
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00917592
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice 
| Feb 11 2014
| 11220
| BROOKLYN NY
|
|-
| FS4
| '''F'''
| IX
| 071S00917592
| A18
| CommercialBasePrice 
| Oct 11 2014
| 11220
| BROOKLYN NY
|
|}

:: '''A2.2'''. Company identity &quot;endicia.com&quot; (shorter than DataMatrix is tall), unbarred &quot;I&quot; font [[File:PC-E3.1A2.png|right|550px]]

::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

::::: '''f'''. Datamatrix bar code field is wider than tall, not square [[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.1ff.jpg|right|380px]]

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label type
! Box  B1 TYPE
! Box C type
! Meter number
! Line A equivalent
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip code
! City
! Notes
|-
| FS4
| black box
| VIII
| 071V00908463
| A16
| 
| Dec 21 2017
| 75104
| CEDAR HILL TX
| 2 copies, framed
|-
| FS4
| '''P'''
| XXXIII
| 071V00970570
| A17
| CommercialBasePrice
| Jun 05 2018
| 28052
|
| shorter Enddicia on right
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 
| 
| 
| 
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}


:: '''B1'''. Company identity is a round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; (''first seen in late 2018'')

::: Unframed
::: ID# with 071S prefix below 2D barcode.

:::::'''-1''' Top two lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-1.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::::'''-2''' All but top line and fifth line bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-2.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:::::'''-3''' All lines bold [[File: PC-E3.1B1-3.png|right|540px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


:: '''B2'''. Company identity is a round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; [[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.1B.jpg|right|540px]]

::: ID# with 071V prefix below 2D barcode.

:  ''subtypes unknown ''
::::: '''a'''. Datamatrix barcode field omitted
::::: '''d'''. Printed without the tracking bar code


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA stamp type PC-F12point1.jpg|right|520px]]

'''PC-E3.2. Endicia.com''', 2014.
: Similar to Type PC-E3.1 with square &quot;DataMatrix&quot; barcode, but the value figures are at upper left and &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; is alone at top center.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00


[[File: USA stamp type PC-E2p3.jpg|right|340px]]

'''PC-E3.3A. Endicia.com''', 2015.
: Similar to Types PC-E3.1 and PC-E3.2 but &quot;U.S. POSTAGE&quot; is lower, below the date and ZIP code.
: The value figures are at far left.
: One seen, with &quot;FIM&quot; bar code at upper left.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: '''endicia.com''' reads down.
: V/F: {{space|4}} $00'''.'''00


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3p3B.jpg|right|365px]]

'''PC-E3.3B. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: '''endicia.com''' reads up.


Note:  Items formersly listed as &quot;'''PC-E3.3C'''&quot; and &quot;'''PC-E3.3D'''&quot; are now listed  as &quot;'''PC-E3.8.1'''&quot; AND &quot;'''PC-E3.8.2'''&quot; RESPECTIVELY.
      

[[File:USA stamp type PC-E2p4.jpg|right|520px]]

'''PC-E3.4. Endicia.com''', 2016.
: Similar to Type PC-E3.1 but inscribed &quot;U.S. POSTAGE PAID&quot; without &quot;AND FEES&quot;. Also the inscription is centered rather than high.
: Below &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; is &quot;From ZIP ##### and a rate statement.
: Rather than a large mail classification code, the mailer's name and address is found in the box at left.
: ID# with 071S prefix seen.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:USA meter stamp PC-E3.5.jpeg|right|410px]]

'''PC-E3.5. Endicia.com''', 2018.
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types but with round logo and &quot;endicia&quot; horizontal at bottom left instead of vertical at right.
: Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; above the weight and mail class, price modification statement, date, ZIP code, identification number, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID''' identification&lt;/i&gt;) number, and the Endicia logo.
: No value figures are shown
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.

: The example reported was used on international mail.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E3.6. Endicia''', 2024. [[File:PC-E3.6.png|right|410px]]
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with &quot;endicia&quot; vertical at right but without round logo.
: Most similar to type '''PC-E3.1A2'''
: No line separating Box B1 and Box B2.
: Text at left of barcode: At top (not fully visible in the image): &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; above the weight and mail class, '''IMI''' following mail class
: Price modification statement, date, ZIP code, Mail class 1, Mail class 2, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification&lt;/i&gt;) number, Mail class 3.
: No value figures are shown
: ID# with 063S prefix below bar code.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E3.7. Endicia''', 2025. [[File:PC-E3.7 251201.png|right|410px]]
: Square DataMatrix barcode as with previous PC-E3 types with &quot;endicia&quot; vertical at right but without round logo.
: Most similar to type '''PC-E3.6'''
: Text at left of barcode: At top: &quot;US POSTAGE&quot; above the weight and mail class, 
: Stacked below are:Mail Class I with '''IMI''' following mail class, date, ZIP code, Mail class 2, Mail class 3, Mail class 4, a &quot;CID&quot; (&lt;i&gt;'''C'''ontract '''ID'''entification&lt;/i&gt;) 8 digit number, .
: F/V: &quot;'''$0.00'''&quot;
: ID# with 063S prefix below bar code.

:: '''PC-E3.7.1'''. With green banner to left inscribed &quot;'''USPS CERTIFIED MAIL &lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt;'''&quot;, barcode below

[[File:PC-E3.7.1.png|right|650px]]

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3B.jpg|right|230px]]

'''PC-E3.8.1. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with different endicia logo.
: ID# with 071S prefix seen.
: Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down.
'''NOTE''': The extremely narrow stamp impression shown appears to be a printer/feeder error rather than a software variation.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-E3.3D.jpg|right|365px]]
'''PC-E3.8.2. Endicia.com'''.
: As Type PC-E3.3C but with rate statement instead of value figures.
: ID# with 071V prefix seen.
: Circular logo and '''endicia''' read down.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-E3.9. Endicia''' [[File:PC-E3.9 260623.png|right|410px]]
: As Type PC-E3.3A but with &quot;'''IMI'''&quot; on the rate class line
: ID# with '''063S''' prefix seen.
: '''endicia''' reads down.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E4.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E4.1 250402B.png|right|410px]]

: Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, &quot;G&quot; a New Helvetica Block font
: Box B2 with &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID&quot; in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class.
: 3 lines at top right, ID at top, customer ID below, source zip code at base.
: PDF 417(8) barcode with &quot;endicia&quot; (new logo) at right but without old round logo.

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types [BOX C]:  &quot;USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE&quot; ['''XXIX''']   &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

'''PC-E5.1. Endicia.com''', 2024. [[File:PC-E5.1 250402B.png|right|410px]]

: Box B1 with block letter indicating postal class, &quot;G&quot; a New Helvetica Block font
: Box B2 with &quot;US POSTAGE &amp; FEES PAID IMI&quot; in top line on left. With 3 lines below indicating rate class.
: 2 lines at top right, ID at top, source zip code at base.
: PDF 417(8) barcode with &quot;endicia&quot; (new logo) at right but without old round logo.

:::::&lt;font color=GREEN&gt;&lt;font size=2&gt;Known with the following &quot;'''Directive'''&quot; types [BOX C]: &quot;USPS GROUND ADVANTAGE TM&quot; ['''VI'''],  &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL ®&quot; [ “large ‘R-circle’”] ['''XVIII''']  &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]''' (Directives/ Directionals)&lt;/u&gt;

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-F: Franks generated by EasyPost software, with &quot;easypost&quot; in the frank}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* EasyPost is a software company that provides companies with integrated shipping options through USPS and several private carriers.
* The company was founded in 2012 although the first stamp came to our attention in 2016.
{{font/end}}

----
&lt;br&gt;
[[File: USA stamp type PC-G1.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-F1.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2016 but possibly as early as 2012.
: The stamps we have seen appear on large address labels.
: The stamp contains a PDF417 barcode which sits under &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot; and '''{{font|size=5|easypost}}''' at the right of the stamp.
: Left of the barcode are the date, ZIP code, &quot;CID&quot; (''number'') or &quot;C&quot; (number), and '''COMBASE''' or '''ComBasPrice''' (with no value figures).
: Along the bottom are the weight and identification number with &quot;0901&quot; prefix.
:: '''A'''. The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
:: '''B'''. The stamp appears by itself with no framing or large mail class indicator


&lt;br&gt;
[[File: PC-F1.2.png|right|475px]]

'''PC-F1.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2025 

: As type &quot;'''PC-F1.1'''&quot; With heavier and slightly different typeface and spacing.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1p2.jpg|right|480px]]

'''PC-F2.1. &quot;easypost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal).
: Similar to Type PC-F1 but inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; rather than &quot;US POSTAGE AND FEES PAID&quot;
: The text, including '''{{font|size=4|easypost}}''', is in a lighter and wider font than found on PC-F1.
: Also, without &quot;CID&quot; and number and with small '''ComBasPrice''' instead of '''COMBASE'''.
: And finally, the zeros are slashed.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-F2.2 260621mh.jpg|right|480px]]

'''PC-F2.2. &quot;easypost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal).
: Similar to Type PC-F2.1 but inscribed &quot;US POSTAGE PAID IMI&quot; rather than &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot;
: The text/ font is similar to that found on PC-F1.

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:USA meter stamp PC-F1.3.jpg|right|540px]]

'''PC-F3.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2021.

: As Type PC-F1 but the {{font|size=4|'''easypost.'''}} logo now has a period after it. The web address &quot;{{size=2|'''easypost.com/signup'''}}&quot; was added below the logo.

: This stamp includes a postage value which is preceded by &quot;Retail&quot; on the stamp we have seen.

: V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00
: '''Note''': The origin ZIP code and customer ID have been blurred in the stamp photo.


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:Easypost PC-F1.4.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F3.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo as PC-F3.1
::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
::: No value figures


::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}} &quot;'''F'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS FIRST-CLASS PACKAGE&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000004578 {{space|4}}C4000013 {{space|4}}83713 {{space|4}}2022-09-02{{space|4}}BOISE, ID
::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}&quot;'''P'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000004698 {{space|4}} {{space|4}}28405 {{space|4}}{{space|4}}WILMINGTON, NC


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-F4.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.1. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo different
::: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left (Box B1) and the class of mail spelled out below (Box C)
::: No value figures


::: {{space|4}} '''Box B1''' {{space|4}}&quot;'''P'''&quot;
::: {{space|10}}  {{space|4}} &quot;USPS PRIORITY MAIL&quot;
::: {{space|20}} 0901000005499 {{space|4}}C4017644 {{space|4}}83709 {{space|4}}2022-11-18{{space|4}}BOISE, ID


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;

[[File:PC-F5.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.2. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2022.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot;


:: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left

[[File:PC-F4.2a.png|right|650px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F4.4.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-F4.4. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot; without the web address.

: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Label Type
! Box B1 Type
! Box C Type
! &lt;u&gt;Meter no's&lt;/u&gt;
! Stack B2.2 line 2 type
! Date
! Zip
! Customer ID
! Note
|-
| FS5 wide
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000001316
| Commercial
| 2024-11-11
| 43228
| C4018567
| 012.0 ZONE 2
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000008901
| Commercial
| 2023-12-01
| 60607
| C4650528
| 0.10 CUBIC ZONE 3
|-
| FS5
| '''G'''
| '''VI'''
| 0901000010389
| Commercial
| 2023-12-28
| 63376
| C5299422
| 5.0 OZ ZONE 4
|-
| FS5
| '''P'''
| '''XXXI'''
| 0901000014322
| Commercial
| 2024-06-27
| 63376
| C5299422
| 0.20 CUBIC ZONE 4
|}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-F4.5. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2025.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; without the web address.


:: '''a'''. With FIM barcode to the left

[[File:PC-F4.5 250415.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
'''PC-F4.6. &quot;EasyPost&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2026.

::: Easypost Logo same as &quot;'''PC-F4.4'''&quot; without the web address.
::: &quot;'''US POSTAGE PAID IMI'''&quot;


[[File:PC-F4.6 250901B.png|right|500px]]


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F55.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F5. &quot;Chit Chats&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Similar to &quot;'''PC-F4.2'''&quot;
::: Easypost Logo replaced by &quot;'''Chit Chats'''&quot;
: V/F: {{space|4}} $0.00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File:PC-F6.png|right|500px]]

'''PC-F6. &quot;Sendle&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2023.

::: Similar to &quot;'''PC-F4.1'''&quot;
::: Easypost Logo replaced by &quot;'''Sendle&gt;'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Sub-group PC-G: Franks generated by U.S. Postal Service software, without a vendor's identification number.}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* These stamps are a type of Post Office stamp (Group PO) but because they are generated online at the Postal Services's web site, they are listed here..
* The stamp was first reported in 2021.
{{font/end}}


----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font/top|size=3|color=black}}

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1.jpg|right|400px]]

'''PC-G1.''' (digital), 2021 but possibly earlier.
: The stamp is a large tracking label similar to Type PC-C5.1 with the USPS logo and &quot;Click-N-Ship&quot;® in the top panel. The ''postage'' part of the label is immediately below and at right. It contains in its upper left corner, &quot;usps.com, the value figures, '''US POSTAGE''', and a rate statement. The date is at lower left. At top right is a tracking number. At lower center is '''Mailed from''' and the ZIP code. In the center is a larger '''U.S. POSTAGE PAID''' above a small '''Click-N-Ship'''®, all backed by a field of wavy pale blue lines.
: V/F:  $(00)0.00
[[File: USA meter stamp PC-G1 detail.jpg|left|500px]]
{{font/end}}

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.png|right|400px]]

'''PC-G2.1''' (digital), 2023 but possibly earlier.
: Similar to &quot;'''PC-G1'''&quot; but with a square Datamatrix barcode at the right of box &quot;'''B2'''&quot;.
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00


{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Mail Rate Class
! Type
! Date
! Mailed from Zip Code
! &quot;'''Box C'''&quot; Mail Class
|-
| P
| Flat Rate Env
| 05/08/2023 
| 63005
| XXX
|-
| G
| Insured
| 06/20/2024
| 02453
| VI
|-
| 
| 
|
|
|}


: &lt;u&gt;''' [[/Mail class and other descriptive types/|Click here for Mail Class type description]]'''&lt;/u&gt;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.2.png|right|250px]]
'''PC-G2.2''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier.
: Similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but with security print under &quot;US POSTAGE PAID&quot; more heavily segmented
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PPS-G2.3.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.3''' (digital), 2024 but possibly earlier.
: Security print in &quot;Box B2&quot; similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but 
: &quot;Box D&quot; more similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.2'''&quot;
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;
: V/F:  $(00)0.00

&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


[[File: PC-G2.4.png|right|400px]]
'''PC-G2.4''' (digital), 2024 
: Security print in &quot;Box B2&quot; similar to &quot;'''PC-G2.1'''&quot; but 
: Box A with USPS logo to left, &quot;USPS APIs&quot; to right
: &quot;Box D&quot; only with return address and destination to the right of 2D barcode
: Includes numbers to right of date, perhaps customer ID
: Label type &quot;'''FS6'''&quot;


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


'''PC-G2.5''' (digital), 2026 [[File: PC-G2.5 260630.png|right|250px]]
: USPS Emblem at left, above &quot;'''USPS APIs'''&quot;
: Barcode at right, above date,  &quot;'''US POSTAGE'''&quot;
: Value &quot;'''$0.00'''&quot;
: Postage class at base (?)
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


{{font|size=1|color=blue|''Type '''RE4''' in 2001 edition''}}[[File: USA PC-G2.jpg|right|550px]]

'''PC-G3. Envelope Manager Software (Endicia Inc.) '''. 
: Stamp similar to PC-E2.1 with &quot;PDF417&quot; barcode but with panel at top containing USPS eagle logo at left and '''Click-N-Ship'''&amp;reg; logo at right.
: This appears to be a replacement for type PC-E2.1.
: Without identification number
: See also &quot;'''PC-E2.2'''&quot; for similar item with identification number starting with &quot;071V&quot;

: V/F: {{space|4}} $(0)0'''.'''00, 


&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;


----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|1=Sub-group PC-H: Franks generated by Francotyp-Postalia software, with &quot;FP&quot; logo in the frank}}====

{{font/top|size=3|color=#0018A8}}
* Francotyp-Postalia first entered the U.S. postage meter market in 2000. Only one stamp has been reported so far, and it is dated from 2019. Earlier dates are likely.
{{font/end}}

{{font|size=3|color=red|'' The status of this item has been questioned, more information or scans would be important to have, please reply to editor.''}}
----
&lt;br&gt;
{{font/top|size=3|color=black}}

[[File: USA meter stamp PC-H1.jpg|right|500px]]

'''PC-H1. &quot;Francotyp-Postalia&quot; ''' (digital/thermal), 2019 but probably earlier.
: The one stamp reported appears on alarge address label with the top (postage) section containing a PDF417 barcode.
: Above the barcode are, at left: the value figures and date, at center: the FP logo, and at right: '''US POSTAGE''', Mailed From [5-digit ZIP code], and the identification number with 032A prefix.

: '''ComBasPrice''' appears below the date on this stamp.
: The stamp is in a frame with large mail class indicator at left and the class of mail spelled out below.

: V/F:  $ (00)0.000
{{font/end}}
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
----

===={{font|size=4|color=#2a3439|Franks with &quot;E-postage&quot; or variant in the frank}}====
----

&lt;br&gt;

{{font/top|size=3}}
* Shipping labels with '''E-Postage''', '''ePostage''', '''ePOSTAGE''' and other variants in the frank were first reported in 2011. They are used by online commerce companies with business volumes large enough to justify special arrangements with shippers such as USPS, FedX, and UPS. 

* E-Postage is a program developed by USPS to accommodate the growth of ecommerce. Online merchants such as Amazon and Etsy use ePostage. In 2016 new company Shippo began operation as a shipping aggregator offering ePostage to any business.

* The stamps appear to be more like &quot;post paid&quot; permit stamps rather than metered mail but are shown here until we determine their exact nature.
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F2.jpg|right|500px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F14.jpg|right|500px]]
[[File: USA stamp type PC-F1bb.jpeg|right|300px]]

* The stamps are found only on address labels with the top section having an enclosed mail-service letter at left and a frank box at right above a panel containing the mail class.
: The central section contains the return address, date, and addressee.
: The stamps show no value figures or identification number.
: The labels do include a tracking bar code and number.
: So far they have been found in two general formats:
:: '''-''' With single-line border surrounding the complete design, printed on label 135 mm tall
:: '''-''' With no outer border, printed on smaller label, 115 mm tall

* Known variations:
:: '''-''' Mail class appears in the frank box
:: '''-''' Incomplete box around mail-service letter at upper left
:: '''-''' Mailer's name repeated at top outside the frank box
:: '''-''' &quot;ComBasPrice&quot; appearing left of the frank box

'''NOTES''':
* Merchants have some control over the appearance of the stamp. The e-Postage designation is found in different fonts. The frank box is found in a variety of sizes with contents left justified or centered.
* When inaugurated in September 2011 only certain mail services were available through e-Postage system: Express Mail, Priority Mail, First-Class Mail parcels, Package Services (except Library Mail), and Parcel Select bar-coded non-presort.
* What is common to all e-Postage stamps is that the frank box contains e-Postage (or variant), U.S. POSTAGE PAID (or variant), and the mailer's identification.
{{font/end}}


----{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>cdhtw5zy0x7q3cvcrn9xoowiaogzatk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Seethruspecks</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>405607</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641945</id>
      <parentid>3541052</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T23:23:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-37589-98</username>
        <id>3611114</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Mon photo je veux que tu le fait comme la */ new section</comment>
      <origin>4641945</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22836" sha1="7adbxfwg21xt0im8sbtpnzq2ioche7q" xml:space="preserve">='''Wiki Exercise Portfolio'''=

'''Biography - A bit about me''' 

I am currently studying at Stirling University and am in my second year of a Film and Media (BA Hons) degree. I am using Wikibooks in this spring semester for a class project revolving around Digital Media and Culture. 
# [[Debates in Digital Culture 2019/Digital Culture and the Environment]]

='''Wiki Exercise #2'''=

'''’To what extent are my online and offline identities aligned?’'''


In day to day life I often find myself reaching for my phone to search my days contents with my online socials, for example if I’m doing something I consider interesting or ‘profile worthy’ I will take photos and post about it. Especially on platforms that are predominantly photo based like ''Instagram'' I find myself and the majority of users in my age demographic are filtering what they post to their feed, showing only desirable, materialistic items and experiences. I admit I am guilty of adapting what I post online in order to present my life as exciting and interesting as possible. I feel as though the persona I present on my social media platforms is often spontaneous and positive, than my ‘real life’ self. 

[[File:Social Media Addiction.jpg|thumb|Social Media Addiction]]


However there are exceptions one being ''Twitter'' as it has a less pressured environment, therefore I feel more comfortable expressing my opinions. For example I participate in discussion about trending topics, political views etc. In comparison to ''Instagram'' I feel like there is not the same need to upkeep an online persona, taking away the pressure to impress people with your social media content. I would say the activity that occurs on Twitter is more spontaneous and causes people to be true to themselves and their views, although in turn this can cause controversy as people can get drawn into debates. I believe that since people are posting their thoughts from a device that they are more daring as they aren’t saying it face-to-face. 

[[File:Instagram-Icon.png|thumb|Instagram-Icon]]


Over time I feel like the pressure of up keeping an online persona has increased, due to millennials and the majority of Generation Z being so involved with social media. When I was younger, I wasn’t concerned to the extent I am now about what I post. I would only use ''Instagram'' as an outlet to pursue my passion in photography. However in this day and age users are getting younger and increasingly more conscious about how people consume their online content. ‘The technologies are there to help us along and network us, but it is our stories that identify us, connect us, or the further tear us apart’ (Papacharissi, Z. (2018).&lt;sub&gt;[1]&lt;/sub&gt; Social media has turned into a worldwide popularity contest, compared to the start of the world living with technology and apps, where social platforms were merely being used as a method to reconnect with old friends and find new ones with similar interests. 

&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Papacharissi, Z. (2018). ''A networked self and platforms, stories, connections''. Taylor and Francis.


This advance of how involved social media is in our everyday lives could be considered a danger, with the current overhaul of sponsored content and ‘impossible’ life goals. ‘Because of the overwhelming amount of participation on social media, it is not surprising at all that it often invokes insecurity and anxiety’ (Sampson, T., Maddison, S. and Ellis, D. (2018).&lt;sub&gt;[2]&lt;/sub&gt; Young audiences are being influenced by celebrities advertising products and unattainable lifestyles, people viewing this are becoming unsatisfied and therefore are striving to have lives similar to those living in the Hollywood. 

&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; Sampson, T., Maddison, S. and Ellis, D. (2018). ''Affect and social media''. Rowman and Littlefield International Ltd.


Overall, I think that social media feeds peoples need for acceptance and popularity, through receiving ''Instagram'' likes and getting retweets on ''Twitter''. Furthermore I think the constant need to have a consistent online presence is unhealthy but also can sometimes be beneficial in advocating good politics and creating communities between people that would have never encountered each other out with the use of social media platforms.


'''Bibliography''' 

- Papacharissi, Z. (2018). ''A networked self and platforms, stories, connections''. Taylor and Francis.

- Sampson, T., Maddison, S. and Ellis, D. (2018). ''Affect and social media''. Rowman and Littlefield International Ltd.


[[User:Seethruspecks|Seethruspecks]] ([[User talk:Seethruspecks|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Seethruspecks|contribs]]) 11:52, 15 March 2019 (UTC)

==='''Peer reviews'''===

hey hey ! {{reply to| Seethruspecks}} I really enjoyed reading your work on this exercise and it made me reflect upon my own relationship with social media. Your point as to our usage of different social medias also sticks with me as I also use them with different intentions. Your point as to how reliance on social media can cause problems but that it is also a medium through which so many people are educated on many different political issues which otherwise they likely wouldn't really resonated with me, as I think that the internet has had major effects on our political landscape, and our knowledge that extends far beyond ourselves! I found your piece well laid our, hence it is easy to follow and I thought your writing was insightful, interesting and reflective. [[User:Ohmygoldfish|Ohmygoldfish]] ([[User talk:Ohmygoldfish|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ohmygoldfish|contribs]]) 20:18, 18 March 2019 (UTC)


Hello! {{reply to| Seethruspecks}} This piece was very refreshing to read as it provided arguments focusing on the detrimental effects that social media can cause, especially in regards to altering our profiles to fit an unrealistic standard. I related to this argument and explored this in my own essay. I think you are completely right with our engagement with social media turning sour and this relationship with social media becoming a problem mainly with Generation Z. Your structuring was easy to read, with interesting and appropriate sources. The use of images also provided a structure similar to other wikibooks and provided colour to your essay! I especially liked the 'social media addition' picture as I think this captures the struggles of the modern-day relationship with profiles and our true identities. I also agree with other comments that your writing is reflective and personal, providing a unique perspective on this discussion. [[User:Hysterichattie|Hysterichattie]] ([[User talk:Hysterichattie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Hysterichattie|contribs]]) 20:56, 19 March 2019 (UTC)

='''Wiki Exercise #3'''=

'''Annotated Bibliography (Part B)'''


Berkhout, F. and Hertin, J. (2018). De-materialisingandre-materialising:digital technologies and the environment. [online] Research Gate. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Julia_Hertin/publication/240173973_De-materialising_and_re-materialising_Digital_technologies_and_the_environment/links/5a82de9845851504fb35b85b/De-materialising-and-re-materialising-Digital-technologies-and-the-environment.pdf [Accessed 21 Mar. 2019].

In this journal article Berkhout and Hertin discuss their findings about the impacts of communicative technology and the internet has on the environment. The research that was carried out was to display the indirect impacts caused to the environment by production of technological devices. Berkhout et al look at the positive and negative impacts ITC’s etc have on the environment. This article is useful to my research topic as it is very insightful and descriptive, also that it shows both sides of the argument. By discussing the value of the intangible and weightless use of technology to share media, however there are still negative impacts, often being referred to as unsustainable through the article. The main restriction of this journal article is that the tables used weren’t the most informative and efficient way of displaying their research. However, overall I think this article is very useful in relation to my research topic, it covers many different aspects revolving around the pros and cons of media and the production of the modern technology we are informed on. Thus to an extent this is a useful source but the amount of areas covered make the journal too broad, something more niche would be more relative. 

[[User:Seethruspecks|Seethruspecks]] ([[User talk:Seethruspecks|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Seethruspecks|contribs]]) 22:19, 21 March 2019 (UTC)


='''Wiki Exercise #4'''=


'''What are Wikis? What kind of resource are they?'''


In an era dominated by information and the idea of a ‘Weightless Society’, we are constantly searching for new outlets to obtain and share information. One of these ways being Wikibooks, which I can give my opinion through personal experience. Wikibooks derives from its father company Wikipedia and is a free, universal informational website. The serves as an online outlet where anyone can add their knowledge by simply creating a page where you can upload information on infinite areas of research. A term used to describe the state of our world is the ‘Infoglut’ describing how society is fuelled by information and data. This is maybe one downside the use of websites like Wikibooks as the public are being overwhelmed by information. ‘Now an unimaginably unmanageable flow of mediated information is available to anyone with Internet access’ (Andrejevic, M, (2013)&lt;sub&gt;[1]&lt;/sub&gt;. Wikibooks has many pros but also has some downsides, for example its database is vast in covering many areas of information. However, as stated previously any person can upload work, even thought the content may not necessarily be completely correct. Unlike any other modern day social media platform where the user has control over who sees what on their profile, Wikibooks is set apart as every contribution and post is visible to everyone. 

&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Andrejevic, M, (2013), Infoglut: how too much information is changing the way we think and know, Routledge, New York

[[File:Wikibooks-logo-en.svg|thumb|Wikibooks Logo]] 

Wikibooks is useful in aiding collaborative group work as gathered from my own personal experience it is effective in creating a collaborative piece of work as all members can contribute to the page. The only issue I encountered with this method was that unless you were constantly active on the page there was no way to receive notifications of additional posts and comments. So maybe a version where push notifications were an option would improve the use of the site. Wikibooks is an outlet where people from different academic levels and backgrounds can come together through there interests of certain topics and create pages for discussion, which they can confer and share their knowledge. It can be considered a community in the same sense when people from all over the world have contact over social media platforms. Where connections are made through common interests, that they wouldn’t have been able to do if it weren’t for the use of webpages like Wikibooks etc. 


Furthermore similarly to any other group project, where they divide up responsibilities and topics and confer on progress, Wikibooks allows this to happen all in one online space. In Kim, A., J’s book: Community Building on the Web (2000) they discuss the strategies to create a successful online community ‘are a form of commons involving the distribution and communal ownership of informational resources and technology’ (Kim, A., J. (2000) &lt;sub&gt;[2]&lt;/sub&gt;. After experiencing Wikibooks for myself I would say it fits perfectly with this description. Similar to other outlets where you can post content you’re passionate about, webpages such as Wikibooks are great for creating connections with people from all around the globe. Also giving everyone with access to the internet the opportunity to get information for free and give those the liberty of being able to output their own contributions. 

&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;Kim, A., J. (2000). Community Building on the Web: Secret Strategies for Successful Online Communities. Web Techniques


'''Bibliography''' 

- Andrejevic, M, (2013), Infoglut: how too much information is changing the way we think and know, Routledge, New York

- Kim, A., J. (2000). Community Building on the Web: Secret Strategies for Successful Online Communities. Web Techniques


===Peer Reviews===

I really enjoyed reading your essay, I feel like it answered the question of, 'what are wikis? What kind of resources are they?'. The description of Wikipedia was a concise and informative summary and I liked how you also included a description of Wikibooks that was equally concise and informative. It was great to see you incorporate concepts from the course such as 'infoglut' as it was very fitting in this context and you explained it clearly. The quote, ‘Now an unimaginably unmanageable flow of mediated information is available to anyone with Internet access’ used to explain your point was also very fitting as Wikipedia and Wikibooks provides an enormous amount of information to those with internet access and this, on top of numerous other sources of information on the internet, can be or even is too much for us to comprehend. 

I like how you included criticisms of Wikibooks as it adds depth to your essay. Your point about not being able to receive notifications is accurate and relatable. I had the same experience (and I'm sure many others did) where you would either be waiting a while for a reply or you would miss an important message. Your idea of having push notifications is great and I think it would definitely improve the Wikibook experience as it would ensure people are kept informed and quicker progress could be made. 

The part on online communities is interesting and I agree that Wikibooks can create communities as you are able to communicate with people from around the world who have common interests. However, relationships may not be formed, while working with others on content the discussion page allows you to communicate with individuals just as you would on other platforms that allow you to create online communities. However, this communication is usually related to the topic of the article they are collaboratively writing rather than getting to know each other and having 'normal' conversations and usually when the article is finished the collaborators will no longer be in contact or very rarely communicate. Your point on how you can connect with other people from around the world is an obvious yet easy to forget point as it is something I never really thought about until you mentioned it in your essay. As users are kept anonymous you may not even realise you could be speaking to someone in the same town as you or from the other end of the world, unless they tell you, which is an exciting and unique factor to Wikipedia and Wikibooks. 

Finally, the captioned image you included was fitting of the content and was nicely spaced. The essay was clearly written and included a lot of useful and interesting information for the limited character count you had. You communicated concepts effectively and demonstrated a broader understanding of the module's themes and concerns. It was a great piece and I feel I have learned from it. [[User:NatashaRcurly|NatashaRcurly]] ([[User talk:NatashaRcurly|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/NatashaRcurly|contribs]]) 12:46, 8 April 2019 (UTC)

Hello again! I really enjoyed reading your piece on wikibooks and defining 'what are wikis'. I think you have some really insightful arguments about community building online, the source you referenced in regards to this really struck a cord with my own thoughts. I agree that wikibooks does aid in community-building which I think is becoming niche in today's online world. Your essay is also well structured and I appreciated your personal input on how you found your experience, pros and cons included! Overall, a great piece of work and definitely appropriate in our final input on wikibooks (unless this is just the beginning!) [[User:Hysterichattie|Hysterichattie]] ([[User talk:Hysterichattie|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/Hysterichattie|contribs]]) 22:40, 6 April 2019 (UTC)

===INSTRUCTOR FEEDBACK: ENGAGEMENT ON DISCUSSION PAGES &amp; CONTRIBS===

Grade descriptors for Engagement: 
Engagement on discussion pages, and contribs of this standard attain the following grade descriptor. Whereas not all of the elements here will be directly relevant to your particular response to the brief, this descriptor will give you a clearer idea of how the grade you have been given relates to the standards and quality expected of work at this level:
:::'''Poor.''' Among other things, poor contributions may just offer links without real comment or apparent point. They may offer nothing more than poor-quality synopsis or description of material of dubious relevance. They may have serious clarity problems (including dead links, random graphics) which affect comprehension (or even worse, admin warnings or take-down notices for copyright infringement). They might be off-topic, private trivia, or of unclear relevance. The wiki markup formatting will be of a poor standard.
As instructed in the labs, and outlined in the assessment brief documentation, students should be engaging at least once a day, for the duration of the project. The following points illustrate how this engagement is evaluated.

Evidence from '''contribs''' to both editing and discussion of content (i.e. volume and breadth of editorial activity as evidenced through ‘contribs’). These are primarily considered for quality rather than quantity, but as a broad guideline:
::Each item on a contribs list that are 3000+ characters are deemed “considerable”
::Each item on a contribs list that are 2000+ characters are deemed “significant”
::Each item on a contribs list that are 1000+ characters are deemed “substantial”
::Items on a contribs list that are &lt;1000 characters are important, and are considered in the round when evaluating contribs as a whole because of their aggregate value

'''Overall:'''
:::Very inconsistent engagement in evidence here. There could have been much more daily or frequent contribution, and these ought to have been more in the order of slightly larger elements in terms of volume and quantity. Quality could have been better too – and noting in the way of contribs that could be deemed as '''substantial''' by the above criteria.

Engagement with and learning from the community on '''Discussion Pages'''
::Evidence of peer-assisted learning and collaboration
:::'''Poor'''
::Evidence of reading, sharing, and application of research to the essay
:::'''Poor'''
::Evidence of peer-review of others’ work
:::'''Poor'''

Reflexive, creative and well-managed use of Discussion Pages
:::'''Poor'''
::Clearly labelled sections and subsections
:::'''Poor'''
::Contributions are all signed
:::'''Poor'''

Civility. Your conduct is a key component of any collaboration, especially in the context of an online knowledge-building community. Please respect others, as well as observe the rules for civility on wiki projects. All contribs are moderated.
:::'''Satisfactory'''

[[User:GregXenon01|GregXenon01]] ([[User talk:GregXenon01|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GregXenon01|contribs]]) 15:47, 1 May 2019 (UTC)

===Instructor Feedback on Wiki Exercise Portfolio===
{{reply to|seethruspecks}}

Posts and comments on other people’s work, of this standard, roughly correspond to the following grade descriptor. Depending on where your actual mark is in relation to the making criteria as outlined in the relevant documentation, it should give you an idea of strengths and weaknesses within the achieved grade band overall:

:::Good. Among other things, good entries will make a clear point in a clear way. They will relate concepts to original examples in a straightforward fashion. They will make effective use of the possibilities of the form (including links, as well as perhaps copyright-free videos and images, linked to from Wiki Commons). They may also demonstrate a broader understanding of the module's themes and concerns, and are likely to show evidence of reading and thinking about the subject material. The wiki markup formatting will be very clear.

:::This work is at the very lower end of this particular grade band, so there’s clearly room for improvement here. I think in order to engage with the wiki exercises a bit more, it might be useful for you to look at the Grade Descriptors and criteria in the module handbook to get more of an idea of how to hit those targets. In particular, paying attention to detail of the assessment briefs would make a big difference – your peer-review elements are rather weak, and in the case of Ex4 seem to be missing altogether. Having said this, you have produced work of fairly good quality overall, and show real potential.

:::Making more use of the wiki functionality and markup would have gone some way to improving fluidity and functionality of posts. I suspect that, if you become more familiar and proficient with the platform, that this would make a difference.

:::Re: responses to other people’s posts – these are a little inconsistent (see above comments). Remember that the comments are &quot;worth&quot; as much as posts themselves. The reason for this is not only to help encourage discussion (a key element of wiki collaboration!) but also to get you to reflect upon your own work. This can all, of course be used to fuel ideas that might form part of your project work. 

General:
:::Reading and research: evidence of critical engagement with set materials; evidence of independent reading of appropriate academic and peer-reviewed material – all quite good.

:::Argument and analysis: well-articulated and well-supported argument; evidence of critical thinking (through taking a position in relation to key ideas from the module, and supporting this position); evidence of relational thinking (through making connections between key ideas from the module and wider literature, and supporting these connections); evidence of independent critical ability – all fair.

:::Presentation: fair use of wiki markup and organisational skills. Could be improved.

[[User:GregXenon01|GregXenon01]] ([[User talk:GregXenon01|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/GregXenon01|contribs]]) 16:40, 1 May 2019 (UTC)

== Mon photo je veux que tu le fait comme la ==

Ia [[Special:Contributions/&amp;#126;2026-37589-98|&amp;#126;2026-37589-98]] ([[User talk:&amp;#126;2026-37589-98|talk]]) 23:23, 30 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>7adbxfwg21xt0im8sbtpnzq2ioche7q</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Wikibooks:Sandbox</title>
    <ns>4</ns>
    <id>464822</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641895</id>
      <parentid>4639320</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T17:13:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2028</username>
        <id>3609666</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641895</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="365" sha1="ldct2b7b8r2qncc3ppr7fhxdfy60gd8" xml:space="preserve">{{Sandbox heading}}
&lt;!-- Hello! Feel free to try your formatting and editing skills below this line. As this page is for editing experiments, this page will automatically be cleaned every 12 hours. --&gt;
{{Test}}--[[User:JackPetro2028|JackPetro2028]] ([[User talk:JackPetro2028|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPetro2028|contribs]]) 17:13, 30 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>ldct2b7b8r2qncc3ppr7fhxdfy60gd8</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641896</id>
      <parentid>4641895</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T17:16:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2028</username>
        <id>3609666</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Help please</comment>
      <origin>4641896</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="555" sha1="49b4gdtsqm5gbbdcvtjd0tyldkzlfmz" xml:space="preserve">{{Sandbox heading}}
&lt;!-- Hello! Feel free to try your formatting and editing skills below this line. As this page is for editing experiments, this page will automatically be cleaned every 12 hours. --&gt;
{{Test}}--[[User:JackPetro2028|JackPetro2028]] ([[User talk:JackPetro2028|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPetro2028|contribs]]) 17:13, 30 June 2026 (UTC) 

== Warning == &lt;!-- --&gt;
{{Test2}}--[[User:JackPetro2028|JackPetro2028]] ([[User talk:JackPetro2028|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPetro2028|contribs]]) 17:16, 30 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>49b4gdtsqm5gbbdcvtjd0tyldkzlfmz</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641897</id>
      <parentid>4641896</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T17:18:13Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2028</username>
        <id>3609666</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Only warning. Please stop.</comment>
      <origin>4641897</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="750" sha1="higgxhgybj2pckwe4o47yzwo8h7n5zj" xml:space="preserve">{{Sandbox heading}}
&lt;!-- Hello! Feel free to try your formatting and editing skills below this line. As this page is for editing experiments, this page will automatically be cleaned every 12 hours. --&gt;
{{Test}}--[[User:JackPetro2028|JackPetro2028]] ([[User talk:JackPetro2028|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPetro2028|contribs]]) 17:13, 30 June 2026 (UTC) 

== Warning == &lt;!-- --&gt;
{{Test2}}--[[User:JackPetro2028|JackPetro2028]] ([[User talk:JackPetro2028|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPetro2028|contribs]]) 17:16, 30 June 2026 (UTC)

== Last warning! == &lt;!-- --&gt;
{{Test3}}--[[User:JackPetro2028|JackPetro2028]] ([[User talk:JackPetro2028|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPetro2028|contribs]]) 17:17, 30 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>higgxhgybj2pckwe4o47yzwo8h7n5zj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641899</id>
      <parentid>4641897</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T17:27:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2028</username>
        <id>3609666</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Blocked</comment>
      <origin>4641899</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1551" sha1="oi59jkv7s1uo7prqyw34s0yypvult26" xml:space="preserve">{{Sandbox heading}}
&lt;!-- Hello! Feel free to try your formatting and editing skills below this line. As this page is for editing experiments, this page will automatically be cleaned every 12 hours. --&gt;
{{Test}}--[[User:JackPetro2028|JackPetro2028]] ([[User talk:JackPetro2028|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPetro2028|contribs]]) 17:13, 30 June 2026 (UTC) 

== Warning == &lt;!-- --&gt;
{{Test2}}--[[User:JackPetro2028|JackPetro2028]] ([[User talk:JackPetro2028|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPetro2028|contribs]]) 17:16, 30 June 2026 (UTC)

== Last warning! == &lt;!-- --&gt;
{{Test3}}--[[User:JackPetro2028|JackPetro2028]] ([[User talk:JackPetro2028|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPetro2028|contribs]]) 17:17, 30 June 2026 (UTC)

== Blocked ==
&lt;div style=&quot;padding:5px; border:1px solid #A9A9A9; background-color: rgba(255,170,0,0.17); color: inherit; min-height:40px;&quot;&gt;[[File:Stop x nuvola with clock.svg|40px|left|link=]] '''[[Wikibooks:Blocking policy|You cannot edit]] for 6 weeks due to using Wikibooks for advertising'''. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text &lt;!-- Copy the text as it appears on your page, not as it appears in this edit area. Do not include the &quot;tlx&quot; argument. --&gt;{{tlx|unblock|Your reason here}} below. [[User:JackPetro2028|JackPetro2028]] ([[User talk:JackPetro2028|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/JackPetro2028|contribs]]) 17:27, 30 June 2026 (UTC)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;!-- Template:blocked --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>oi59jkv7s1uo7prqyw34s0yypvult26</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641946</id>
      <parentid>4641899</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T00:00:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackBot</username>
        <id>396820</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Bot: Automatically cleaned</comment>
      <origin>4641946</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="201" sha1="efa5udpbb942msq2oco4mlj2yz47q14" xml:space="preserve">{{Sandbox heading}}
&lt;!-- Hello! Feel free to try your formatting and editing skills below this line. As this page is for editing experiments, this page will automatically be cleaned every 12 hours. --&gt;</text>
      <sha1>efa5udpbb942msq2oco4mlj2yz47q14</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641948</id>
      <parentid>4641946</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T00:46:36Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2028</username>
        <id>3609666</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641948</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="619" sha1="pjdh0kjf3jbm6vj17gzrbyii0v1ktj9" xml:space="preserve">{{Sandbox heading}}
&lt;!-- Hello! Feel free to try your formatting and editing skills below this line. As this page is for editing experiments, this page will automatically be cleaned every 12 hours. --&gt;
{{{1|$1}}} &lt;br&gt;
{{gray|{{{2|$2}}} {{!}} {{{3|$3}}} {{!}} {{{4|$4}}} {{!}} {{{5|$5}}} {{!}} {{{6|$6}}} {{!}} {{{7|$7}}} {{!}} {{{8|$8}}}}}
&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible&quot; style=&quot;border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;title&quot;&gt;In more languages&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;body&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;small&gt;Configure&lt;/small&gt;&lt;br&gt;
{{#if: {{{fewer|}}}|Fewer languages|All entered languages}}
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;

== Statements ==

== Identifiers ==</text>
      <sha1>pjdh0kjf3jbm6vj17gzrbyii0v1ktj9</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 12</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>468823</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641860</id>
      <parentid>4641670</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:28:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641860</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7650" sha1="t66ejf4cluyc6u0nid00fb6q1jl6z31" xml:space="preserve">{{Chinese (Mandarin)TOC}}
{{in use}}
{{Under construction}}

= Lesson 12: Mandarin is so interesting/ 第十二课：汉语真有趣！ =

== '''繁体字/Traditional Characters'''     ==                                                                                                   

（仲文在走廊遇到了他的好友思源）                                                                                                                                                                        

思源：嗨！仲文！你吃早飯了嗎？                                                                                                  

仲文：早上好，思源！我吃過早飯了。                                                                                            

思源：根據天氣預報，這一天都會有雨。我沒辦法到操場踢毽子了，真無聊啊。                               

仲文：確實很無聊，不如咱們來玩斷句遊戲吧！                                                                               

思源：好啊，你先來！                                                                                                                    

仲文：這幾天天天天氣不好，請根據語意斷開它吧！                                                                        

思源：我看看。嗯，答案應該是“這幾天/天天/天氣不好“對吧！ 【1】                                           

仲文：答案正確，換你來考我吧。                                                                                                  

思源：這句怎麼樣？小明明明明白白的卻裝作不明白。                                                                      

仲文：答案是“小明/明明/明明白白/的/卻裝作不明白“對吧？ 【2】                                               

思源：答案正確，你真厲害！                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

仲文：過獎了，你也很厲害！                                                                                                           

思源：漢語真有趣啊！我們兩個的句中都有反復出現的同一個字，可它們卻有不同的意思，還成功構成了一個完整的句子。                                                                                                           

仲文：確實。漢語真有趣！                                                                                                           

（上課鈴響起）                                                                                                                          

思源：上課了，我先走了。回見！                                                                                                    

仲文：回見！                                                                                                                                          

== '''简体字/Simplified Characters''' ==        

（仲文在走廊遇到了他的好友思源）        

思源：嗨！仲文！你吃早饭了吗？

仲文：早上好，思源！我吃过早饭了。

思源：根据天气预报，这一天都会有雨。我没办法到操场踢毽子了，真无聊啊。

仲文：确实很无聊，不如咱们来玩断句游戏吧！

思源：好啊，你先来！

仲文：这几天天天天气不好，请语意断开它吧！

思源：我看看。嗯，答案应该是“这几天/天天/天气不好”对吧！【1】

仲文：答案正确，换你来考我吧。

思源：这句怎么样？小明明明明明白白的却装作不明白。

仲文：答案是“小明/明明/明明白白/的/却装作不明白”对吧？【2】

思源：答案正确，你真厉害！

仲文：过奖了，你也很厉害！

思源：汉语真有趣啊！我们两个的句中都有反复出现的同一个字，可它们却有不同的意思，还成功构成了一个完整的句子。

仲文：确实。汉语真有趣！

（上课铃响起）

思源：上课了，我先走了。回见！

仲文：回见！

== 汉语拼音  / Chinese Pinyin ==
 
(Zhòng wén zài zǒuláng yù dàole tā de hǎoyǒu sīyuán) 

sīyuán: Hāi! Zhòng wén! Nǐ chī zǎofànle ma?

Zhòng wén: Zǎoshang hǎo, sīyuán! Wǒ chīguò zǎofànle.

Sīyuán: Gēnjù tiānqì yùbào, zhè yītiān dūhuì yǒu yǔ. Wǒ méi bànfǎ dào cāochǎng tī jiànzile, zhēn wúliáo a.

Zhòng wén: Quèshí hěn wúliáo, bùrú zánmen lái wán duànjù yóuxì ba!

Sīyuán: Hǎo ya, nǐ xiān lái! 

Zhòng wén: Zhè jǐ tiāntiāntiān tiānqì bù hǎo, qǐng yǔyì duàn kāi tā ba! 

Sīyuán: Wǒ kàn kàn.ng , dá'àn yīnggāi shì “zhè jǐ tiān/tiān tiān/tiānqì bù hǎo” duì ba![1]

Zhòng wén: Dá'àn zhèngquè, huàn nǐ lái kǎo wǒ ba.

Sīyuán: Zhè jù zěnme yàng? Xiǎomíngmíngmíngmíngmíngbáibái de què zhuāng zuò bù míngbái.

Zhòng wén: Dá'àn shì “xiǎo míng/míng míng/míng míngbái bái/de/què zhuāng zuò bù míng bái” duì ba?[2]

Sīyuán: Dá'àn zhèngquè, nǐ zhēn lìhài!

Zhòng wén: Guòjiǎngle, nǐ yě hěn lìhài! 

Sīyuán: Hànyǔ zhēn yǒuqù a! Wǒmen liǎng gè de jù zhōng dōu yǒu fǎnfù chūxiàn de tóng yīgè zì, kě tāmen què yǒu bùtóng de yìsi, hái chénggōng gòuchéngle yīgè wánzhěng de jùzi.  

Zhòng wén: Quèshí. Hànyǔ zhēn yǒuqù! 

(Shàngkè líng xiǎngqǐ)

sīyuán: Shàngkèle, wǒ xiān zǒule. Zàijiàn!

Zhòng wén: Zàijiàn!

== 翻译/translate ==
(Zhongwen runs into his good friend Siyuan in the hallway.)

Siyuan: Hi, Zhongwen! Have you had breakfast?

Zhongwen: Good morning, Siyuan! Yes, I have.

Siyuan: The weather forecast says it’s going to rain all day. I won't be able to go to the sports field to play shuttlecock; it’s such a bore.

Zhongwen: It really is boring. How about we play a sentence-parsing game?

Siyuan: Sure! You go first.

Zhongwen: Here’s one: &quot;The weather has been bad every day lately.&quot; Try breaking it down based on meaning!

Siyuan: Let me see... Hmm, the answer should be &quot;These past few days / every day / the weather is bad,&quot; right? [1]

Zhongwen: That’s correct! Now it’s your turn to test me.

Siyuan: How about this one? &quot;Xiao Ming clearly understood, yet pretended not to understand.&quot;

Zhongwen: The answer is &quot;Xiao Ming / clearly / understood / yet / pretended not to understand,&quot; right? [2]

Siyuan: Correct! You’re really good at this.

Zhongwen: You’re too kind—you’re great at it too!

Siyuan: Chinese is so interesting! Both of our sentences feature the same character repeated multiple times, yet they carry different meanings and still form complete, coherent sentences.

Zhongwen: Indeed. Chinese is fascinating!

(The class bell rings.)

Siyuan: Class is starting; I’ve got to go. See you later!

Zhongwen: See you later!

=== 语法/語法 Grammar ===
*[1] “这几天/天天/天气不好” means &quot;These past few days / every day / the weather is bad&quot;
*[2] “小明/明明/明明白白/的/却装作不明白” means &quot;Xiao Ming / clearly / understood / yet / pretended not to understand&quot;
These sentences uses the same character again and again, however, every character has its own meaning. You don't necessarily need to use it, but you may need to understand it.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>t66ejf4cluyc6u0nid00fb6q1jl6z31</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641861</id>
      <parentid>4641860</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:28:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* 语法/語法 Grammar */</comment>
      <origin>4641861</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7648" sha1="o0ggfafxdlzawqrsuiuxvww6cojilaf" xml:space="preserve">{{Chinese (Mandarin)TOC}}
{{in use}}
{{Under construction}}

= Lesson 12: Mandarin is so interesting/ 第十二课：汉语真有趣！ =

== '''繁体字/Traditional Characters'''     ==                                                                                                   

（仲文在走廊遇到了他的好友思源）                                                                                                                                                                        

思源：嗨！仲文！你吃早飯了嗎？                                                                                                  

仲文：早上好，思源！我吃過早飯了。                                                                                            

思源：根據天氣預報，這一天都會有雨。我沒辦法到操場踢毽子了，真無聊啊。                               

仲文：確實很無聊，不如咱們來玩斷句遊戲吧！                                                                               

思源：好啊，你先來！                                                                                                                    

仲文：這幾天天天天氣不好，請根據語意斷開它吧！                                                                        

思源：我看看。嗯，答案應該是“這幾天/天天/天氣不好“對吧！ 【1】                                           

仲文：答案正確，換你來考我吧。                                                                                                  

思源：這句怎麼樣？小明明明明白白的卻裝作不明白。                                                                      

仲文：答案是“小明/明明/明明白白/的/卻裝作不明白“對吧？ 【2】                                               

思源：答案正確，你真厲害！                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

仲文：過獎了，你也很厲害！                                                                                                           

思源：漢語真有趣啊！我們兩個的句中都有反復出現的同一個字，可它們卻有不同的意思，還成功構成了一個完整的句子。                                                                                                           

仲文：確實。漢語真有趣！                                                                                                           

（上課鈴響起）                                                                                                                          

思源：上課了，我先走了。回見！                                                                                                    

仲文：回見！                                                                                                                                          

== '''简体字/Simplified Characters''' ==        

（仲文在走廊遇到了他的好友思源）        

思源：嗨！仲文！你吃早饭了吗？

仲文：早上好，思源！我吃过早饭了。

思源：根据天气预报，这一天都会有雨。我没办法到操场踢毽子了，真无聊啊。

仲文：确实很无聊，不如咱们来玩断句游戏吧！

思源：好啊，你先来！

仲文：这几天天天天气不好，请语意断开它吧！

思源：我看看。嗯，答案应该是“这几天/天天/天气不好”对吧！【1】

仲文：答案正确，换你来考我吧。

思源：这句怎么样？小明明明明明白白的却装作不明白。

仲文：答案是“小明/明明/明明白白/的/却装作不明白”对吧？【2】

思源：答案正确，你真厉害！

仲文：过奖了，你也很厉害！

思源：汉语真有趣啊！我们两个的句中都有反复出现的同一个字，可它们却有不同的意思，还成功构成了一个完整的句子。

仲文：确实。汉语真有趣！

（上课铃响起）

思源：上课了，我先走了。回见！

仲文：回见！

== 汉语拼音  / Chinese Pinyin ==
 
(Zhòng wén zài zǒuláng yù dàole tā de hǎoyǒu sīyuán) 

sīyuán: Hāi! Zhòng wén! Nǐ chī zǎofànle ma?

Zhòng wén: Zǎoshang hǎo, sīyuán! Wǒ chīguò zǎofànle.

Sīyuán: Gēnjù tiānqì yùbào, zhè yītiān dūhuì yǒu yǔ. Wǒ méi bànfǎ dào cāochǎng tī jiànzile, zhēn wúliáo a.

Zhòng wén: Quèshí hěn wúliáo, bùrú zánmen lái wán duànjù yóuxì ba!

Sīyuán: Hǎo ya, nǐ xiān lái! 

Zhòng wén: Zhè jǐ tiāntiāntiān tiānqì bù hǎo, qǐng yǔyì duàn kāi tā ba! 

Sīyuán: Wǒ kàn kàn.ng , dá'àn yīnggāi shì “zhè jǐ tiān/tiān tiān/tiānqì bù hǎo” duì ba![1]

Zhòng wén: Dá'àn zhèngquè, huàn nǐ lái kǎo wǒ ba.

Sīyuán: Zhè jù zěnme yàng? Xiǎomíngmíngmíngmíngmíngbáibái de què zhuāng zuò bù míngbái.

Zhòng wén: Dá'àn shì “xiǎo míng/míng míng/míng míngbái bái/de/què zhuāng zuò bù míng bái” duì ba?[2]

Sīyuán: Dá'àn zhèngquè, nǐ zhēn lìhài!

Zhòng wén: Guòjiǎngle, nǐ yě hěn lìhài! 

Sīyuán: Hànyǔ zhēn yǒuqù a! Wǒmen liǎng gè de jù zhōng dōu yǒu fǎnfù chūxiàn de tóng yīgè zì, kě tāmen què yǒu bùtóng de yìsi, hái chénggōng gòuchéngle yīgè wánzhěng de jùzi.  

Zhòng wén: Quèshí. Hànyǔ zhēn yǒuqù! 

(Shàngkè líng xiǎngqǐ)

sīyuán: Shàngkèle, wǒ xiān zǒule. Zàijiàn!

Zhòng wén: Zàijiàn!

== 翻译/translate ==
(Zhongwen runs into his good friend Siyuan in the hallway.)

Siyuan: Hi, Zhongwen! Have you had breakfast?

Zhongwen: Good morning, Siyuan! Yes, I have.

Siyuan: The weather forecast says it’s going to rain all day. I won't be able to go to the sports field to play shuttlecock; it’s such a bore.

Zhongwen: It really is boring. How about we play a sentence-parsing game?

Siyuan: Sure! You go first.

Zhongwen: Here’s one: &quot;The weather has been bad every day lately.&quot; Try breaking it down based on meaning!

Siyuan: Let me see... Hmm, the answer should be &quot;These past few days / every day / the weather is bad,&quot; right? [1]

Zhongwen: That’s correct! Now it’s your turn to test me.

Siyuan: How about this one? &quot;Xiao Ming clearly understood, yet pretended not to understand.&quot;

Zhongwen: The answer is &quot;Xiao Ming / clearly / understood / yet / pretended not to understand,&quot; right? [2]

Siyuan: Correct! You’re really good at this.

Zhongwen: You’re too kind—you’re great at it too!

Siyuan: Chinese is so interesting! Both of our sentences feature the same character repeated multiple times, yet they carry different meanings and still form complete, coherent sentences.

Zhongwen: Indeed. Chinese is fascinating!

(The class bell rings.)

Siyuan: Class is starting; I’ve got to go. See you later!

Zhongwen: See you later!

== 语法/語法 Grammar ==
*[1] “这几天/天天/天气不好” means &quot;These past few days / every day / the weather is bad&quot;
*[2] “小明/明明/明明白白/的/却装作不明白” means &quot;Xiao Ming / clearly / understood / yet / pretended not to understand&quot;
These sentences uses the same character again and again, however, every character has its own meaning. You don't necessarily need to use it, but you may need to understand it.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>o0ggfafxdlzawqrsuiuxvww6cojilaf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641862</id>
      <parentid>4641861</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:29:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641862</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="7637" sha1="iq12295hnhv6tqz95rqjp95mv8pmu7i" xml:space="preserve">{{Chinese (Mandarin)TOC}}
{{Under construction}}

= Lesson 12: Mandarin is so interesting/ 第十二课：汉语真有趣！ =

== '''繁体字/Traditional Characters'''     ==                                                                                                   

（仲文在走廊遇到了他的好友思源）                                                                                                                                                                        

思源：嗨！仲文！你吃早飯了嗎？                                                                                                  

仲文：早上好，思源！我吃過早飯了。                                                                                            

思源：根據天氣預報，這一天都會有雨。我沒辦法到操場踢毽子了，真無聊啊。                               

仲文：確實很無聊，不如咱們來玩斷句遊戲吧！                                                                               

思源：好啊，你先來！                                                                                                                    

仲文：這幾天天天天氣不好，請根據語意斷開它吧！                                                                        

思源：我看看。嗯，答案應該是“這幾天/天天/天氣不好“對吧！ 【1】                                           

仲文：答案正確，換你來考我吧。                                                                                                  

思源：這句怎麼樣？小明明明明白白的卻裝作不明白。                                                                      

仲文：答案是“小明/明明/明明白白/的/卻裝作不明白“對吧？ 【2】                                               

思源：答案正確，你真厲害！                                                                                                                                                                                                                    

仲文：過獎了，你也很厲害！                                                                                                           

思源：漢語真有趣啊！我們兩個的句中都有反復出現的同一個字，可它們卻有不同的意思，還成功構成了一個完整的句子。                                                                                                           

仲文：確實。漢語真有趣！                                                                                                           

（上課鈴響起）                                                                                                                          

思源：上課了，我先走了。回見！                                                                                                    

仲文：回見！                                                                                                                                          

== '''简体字/Simplified Characters''' ==        

（仲文在走廊遇到了他的好友思源）        

思源：嗨！仲文！你吃早饭了吗？

仲文：早上好，思源！我吃过早饭了。

思源：根据天气预报，这一天都会有雨。我没办法到操场踢毽子了，真无聊啊。

仲文：确实很无聊，不如咱们来玩断句游戏吧！

思源：好啊，你先来！

仲文：这几天天天天气不好，请语意断开它吧！

思源：我看看。嗯，答案应该是“这几天/天天/天气不好”对吧！【1】

仲文：答案正确，换你来考我吧。

思源：这句怎么样？小明明明明明白白的却装作不明白。

仲文：答案是“小明/明明/明明白白/的/却装作不明白”对吧？【2】

思源：答案正确，你真厉害！

仲文：过奖了，你也很厉害！

思源：汉语真有趣啊！我们两个的句中都有反复出现的同一个字，可它们却有不同的意思，还成功构成了一个完整的句子。

仲文：确实。汉语真有趣！

（上课铃响起）

思源：上课了，我先走了。回见！

仲文：回见！

== 汉语拼音  / Chinese Pinyin ==
 
(Zhòng wén zài zǒuláng yù dàole tā de hǎoyǒu sīyuán) 

sīyuán: Hāi! Zhòng wén! Nǐ chī zǎofànle ma?

Zhòng wén: Zǎoshang hǎo, sīyuán! Wǒ chīguò zǎofànle.

Sīyuán: Gēnjù tiānqì yùbào, zhè yītiān dūhuì yǒu yǔ. Wǒ méi bànfǎ dào cāochǎng tī jiànzile, zhēn wúliáo a.

Zhòng wén: Quèshí hěn wúliáo, bùrú zánmen lái wán duànjù yóuxì ba!

Sīyuán: Hǎo ya, nǐ xiān lái! 

Zhòng wén: Zhè jǐ tiāntiāntiān tiānqì bù hǎo, qǐng yǔyì duàn kāi tā ba! 

Sīyuán: Wǒ kàn kàn.ng , dá'àn yīnggāi shì “zhè jǐ tiān/tiān tiān/tiānqì bù hǎo” duì ba![1]

Zhòng wén: Dá'àn zhèngquè, huàn nǐ lái kǎo wǒ ba.

Sīyuán: Zhè jù zěnme yàng? Xiǎomíngmíngmíngmíngmíngbáibái de què zhuāng zuò bù míngbái.

Zhòng wén: Dá'àn shì “xiǎo míng/míng míng/míng míngbái bái/de/què zhuāng zuò bù míng bái” duì ba?[2]

Sīyuán: Dá'àn zhèngquè, nǐ zhēn lìhài!

Zhòng wén: Guòjiǎngle, nǐ yě hěn lìhài! 

Sīyuán: Hànyǔ zhēn yǒuqù a! Wǒmen liǎng gè de jù zhōng dōu yǒu fǎnfù chūxiàn de tóng yīgè zì, kě tāmen què yǒu bùtóng de yìsi, hái chénggōng gòuchéngle yīgè wánzhěng de jùzi.  

Zhòng wén: Quèshí. Hànyǔ zhēn yǒuqù! 

(Shàngkè líng xiǎngqǐ)

sīyuán: Shàngkèle, wǒ xiān zǒule. Zàijiàn!

Zhòng wén: Zàijiàn!

== 翻译/translate ==
(Zhongwen runs into his good friend Siyuan in the hallway.)

Siyuan: Hi, Zhongwen! Have you had breakfast?

Zhongwen: Good morning, Siyuan! Yes, I have.

Siyuan: The weather forecast says it’s going to rain all day. I won't be able to go to the sports field to play shuttlecock; it’s such a bore.

Zhongwen: It really is boring. How about we play a sentence-parsing game?

Siyuan: Sure! You go first.

Zhongwen: Here’s one: &quot;The weather has been bad every day lately.&quot; Try breaking it down based on meaning!

Siyuan: Let me see... Hmm, the answer should be &quot;These past few days / every day / the weather is bad,&quot; right? [1]

Zhongwen: That’s correct! Now it’s your turn to test me.

Siyuan: How about this one? &quot;Xiao Ming clearly understood, yet pretended not to understand.&quot;

Zhongwen: The answer is &quot;Xiao Ming / clearly / understood / yet / pretended not to understand,&quot; right? [2]

Siyuan: Correct! You’re really good at this.

Zhongwen: You’re too kind—you’re great at it too!

Siyuan: Chinese is so interesting! Both of our sentences feature the same character repeated multiple times, yet they carry different meanings and still form complete, coherent sentences.

Zhongwen: Indeed. Chinese is fascinating!

(The class bell rings.)

Siyuan: Class is starting; I’ve got to go. See you later!

Zhongwen: See you later!

== 语法/語法 Grammar ==
*[1] “这几天/天天/天气不好” means &quot;These past few days / every day / the weather is bad&quot;
*[2] “小明/明明/明明白白/的/却装作不明白” means &quot;Xiao Ming / clearly / understood / yet / pretended not to understand&quot;
These sentences uses the same character again and again, however, every character has its own meaning. You don't necessarily need to use it, but you may need to understand it.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>iq12295hnhv6tqz95rqjp95mv8pmu7i</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Pokémon/Characters/Roxanne</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>479625</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641933</id>
      <parentid>4641806</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T22:18:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lexy Feltus</username>
        <id>3610970</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641933</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5892" sha1="6gz1c5egrbwffqgntwtdrw03cwpkh3l" xml:space="preserve">{{dewikify}}
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne 
| image=[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Tied Up.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor= 
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291 
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190 
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]] 
|}}

'''Roxanne''' is the [[Gym Leader]] of [[Rustboro City]] in [[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]] and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a scholar who specializes in [[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock-type Pokémon]].

==In the Anime==
[[File:Roxanne pokemon barefoot.png|thumb|roxanne pokemon]]
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne when [[May (Pokémon)|May]] found a lost [[Poliwag]] from Roxanne's school.  Roxanne teaches classes on Pokémon to the citizens of Rustboro. She won't accept a challenge from a trainer unless he or she takes a class at the school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very young children about [[Pokémon]].

After some time spent at the school, Ash challenged Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while being filmed by some of Roxanne's students. Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to defeat both of her Pokémon through a combination of pure electrical power and the Iron Tail technique, taking Roxanne by surprise.

Roxanne apparently knows [[Professor Oak]], as he gives live remote lectures for the students at the school.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the Pokémon anime.
* [[Geodude]]
* [[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Sexy.png|thumb|Sexy Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Rock-Loving Honor Student.&quot; Her strategy is Rock-type power attacks. She believes Rock-type Pokémon to be &quot;rock solid&quot;.

Roxanne became a Gym Leader so that she could apply what she learned at the Pokémon Trainers School in battle.  She wants to face many new opponents to see them demonstrate how they battle and with which Pokémon. Her desire is to learn all about Pokémon through battling.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the video games in which she has appeared.

====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
* Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl, Rock throw, Rock Tomb
* Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[File:Roxanne pokemon barefoot.png|thumb|roxanne pokemon]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely arrogant about her intellect.

Roxanne travels around by riding on her [[Graveler]]. She keeps her [[Nosepass]]'s [[Poké Ball]] in a hollowed-out book. In [[Pokémon Adventures]], [[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in Rustboro eager to win her first Badge. She entered the Rustboro Gym only to see a clasroom full of students listening to a lecture from Roxanne.

Roxanne makes her opponents take a written test as part of the Gym challenge. Despite her difficulty with schoolwork, Sapphire got the highest marks in the testing due to her tutoring from her father, [[Professor Birch]].

Sapphire battled with her [[Aron]] only to have Roxanne's Nosepass block her attacks with Harden. Sapphire was unable to withdraw her Aron from the battle thanks to Nosepass' Magnet Pull. Sapphire, however, realized that Nosepass must always face north and had her Aron attack from behind.

In the [[Hoenn]] conflict, she sided with [[Team Aqua]]. She had worked with Professor Cozmo, who unknowngly assisted the evil team, and reasoned that the Professor wouldn't support an evil group. She changed her mind after [[Kyogre]] and [[Groudon]] started their rampage.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the Pokémon Special manga.
* [[Nosepass]]
* [[Graveler]]

==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|- 
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot; (&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}

{{Pokémon Gym Leaders}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>6gz1c5egrbwffqgntwtdrw03cwpkh3l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641936</id>
      <parentid>4641933</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T22:38:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lexy Feltus</username>
        <id>3610970</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* In the Pokémon Adventures Manga */</comment>
      <origin>4641936</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5788" sha1="7n564fxub7ygoa3ceps2phlj6h460ov" xml:space="preserve">{{dewikify}}
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne 
| image=[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Tied Up.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor= 
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291 
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190 
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]] 
|}}

'''Roxanne''' is the [[Gym Leader]] of [[Rustboro City]] in [[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]] and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a scholar who specializes in [[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock-type Pokémon]].

==In the Anime==
[[File:Roxanne pokemon barefoot.png|thumb|roxanne pokemon]]
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne when [[May (Pokémon)|May]] found a lost [[Poliwag]] from Roxanne's school.  Roxanne teaches classes on Pokémon to the citizens of Rustboro. She won't accept a challenge from a trainer unless he or she takes a class at the school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very young children about [[Pokémon]].

After some time spent at the school, Ash challenged Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while being filmed by some of Roxanne's students. Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to defeat both of her Pokémon through a combination of pure electrical power and the Iron Tail technique, taking Roxanne by surprise.

Roxanne apparently knows [[Professor Oak]], as he gives live remote lectures for the students at the school.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the Pokémon anime.
* [[Geodude]]
* [[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Sexy.png|thumb|Sexy Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Rock-Loving Honor Student.&quot; Her strategy is Rock-type power attacks. She believes Rock-type Pokémon to be &quot;rock solid&quot;.

Roxanne became a Gym Leader so that she could apply what she learned at the Pokémon Trainers School in battle.  She wants to face many new opponents to see them demonstrate how they battle and with which Pokémon. Her desire is to learn all about Pokémon through battling.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the video games in which she has appeared.

====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
* Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl, Rock throw, Rock Tomb
* Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[File:Roxanne pokemon barefoot.png|thumb|roxanne pokemon]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely arrogant about her intellect. And loves Bunny Hopping around Barefoot with her legs tied together.

Roxanne travels around by Bunny Hopping Around Barefoot. She keeps her Belts in her Bag to Tie her Legs together so she can Bunny hop at anytime. In [[Pokémon Adventures]], [[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in Rustboro. She Bunny hopped into the Rustboro Gym only to see a clasroom full of students seeing Roxanne Bunny hop into Class Tied up and Gagged.

Roxanne makes her opponents fuck her while She's Tied up and also spank her. Despite her belts on her Legs, Roxanne Bunny hopped away with Cum in her ass and a Butt Plug holding it in.

Sapphire put Blurry Vision Contaft Lenses in Roxannes eyes to make her Blind only to have Roxanne Bunny Hop away while her Vision is Blurry. Sapphire was unable to chase after Roxanne but activated her Vibra5tr that she shoved in Roxannes Pussy.

Roxanne Bunny Hopped around with a vibrating Butt Plug in her ass and a vibrating Dildo in her pussy while her vision is blurry and and able to moan and cum.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the Pokémon Special manga.
* [[Nosepass]]
* [[Graveler]]

==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|- 
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot; (&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}

{{Pokémon Gym Leaders}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>7n564fxub7ygoa3ceps2phlj6h460ov</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641937</id>
      <parentid>4641936</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T22:40:20Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lexy Feltus</username>
        <id>3610970</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* In the Pokémon Adventures Manga */</comment>
      <origin>4641937</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5789" sha1="80t97tgrfh5mr9rydamf9x1d3iavqsm" xml:space="preserve">{{dewikify}}
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne 
| image=[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Tied Up.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor= 
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291 
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190 
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]] 
|}}

'''Roxanne''' is the [[Gym Leader]] of [[Rustboro City]] in [[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]] and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a scholar who specializes in [[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock-type Pokémon]].

==In the Anime==
[[File:Roxanne pokemon barefoot.png|thumb|roxanne pokemon]]
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne when [[May (Pokémon)|May]] found a lost [[Poliwag]] from Roxanne's school.  Roxanne teaches classes on Pokémon to the citizens of Rustboro. She won't accept a challenge from a trainer unless he or she takes a class at the school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very young children about [[Pokémon]].

After some time spent at the school, Ash challenged Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while being filmed by some of Roxanne's students. Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to defeat both of her Pokémon through a combination of pure electrical power and the Iron Tail technique, taking Roxanne by surprise.

Roxanne apparently knows [[Professor Oak]], as he gives live remote lectures for the students at the school.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the Pokémon anime.
* [[Geodude]]
* [[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Sexy.png|thumb|Sexy Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Rock-Loving Honor Student.&quot; Her strategy is Rock-type power attacks. She believes Rock-type Pokémon to be &quot;rock solid&quot;.

Roxanne became a Gym Leader so that she could apply what she learned at the Pokémon Trainers School in battle.  She wants to face many new opponents to see them demonstrate how they battle and with which Pokémon. Her desire is to learn all about Pokémon through battling.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the video games in which she has appeared.

====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
* Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl, Rock throw, Rock Tomb
* Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[File:Roxanne pokemon barefoot.png|thumb|roxanne pokemon]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely arrogant about her intellect. And loves Bunny Hopping around Barefoot with her legs tied together.

Roxanne travels around by Bunny Hopping Around Barefoot. She keeps her Belts in her Bag to Tie her Legs together so she can Bunny hop at anytime. In [[Pokémon Adventures]], [[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in Rustboro. She Bunny hopped into the Rustboro Gym only to see a clasroom full of students seeing Roxanne Bunny hop into Class Tied up and Gagged.

Roxanne makes her opponents fuck her while She's Tied up and also spank her. Despite her belts on her Legs, Roxanne Bunny hopped away with Cum in her ass and a Butt Plug holding it in.

Sapphire put Blurry Vision Contaft Lenses in Roxannes eyes to make her Blind only to have Roxanne Bunny Hop away while her Vision is Blurry. Sapphire was unable to chase after Roxanne but activated her Vibra5tr that she shoved in Roxannes Pussy.

Roxanne Bunny Hopped around with a vibrating Butt Plug in her ass and a vibrating Dildo in her pussy while her vision is blurry and only able to moan and cum.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the Pokémon Special manga.
* [[Nosepass]]
* [[Graveler]]

==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|- 
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot; (&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}

{{Pokémon Gym Leaders}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>80t97tgrfh5mr9rydamf9x1d3iavqsm</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641939</id>
      <parentid>4641937</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T22:46:34Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lexy Feltus</username>
        <id>3610970</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* In the Games */</comment>
      <origin>4641939</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5675" sha1="01jruliybvi2a8oqfip3eorgks3lipe" xml:space="preserve">{{dewikify}}
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne 
| image=[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Tied Up.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor= 
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291 
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190 
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]] 
|}}

'''Roxanne''' is the [[Gym Leader]] of [[Rustboro City]] in [[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]] and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a scholar who specializes in [[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock-type Pokémon]].

==In the Anime==
[[File:Roxanne pokemon barefoot.png|thumb|roxanne pokemon]]
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne when [[May (Pokémon)|May]] found a lost [[Poliwag]] from Roxanne's school.  Roxanne teaches classes on Pokémon to the citizens of Rustboro. She won't accept a challenge from a trainer unless he or she takes a class at the school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very young children about [[Pokémon]].

After some time spent at the school, Ash challenged Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while being filmed by some of Roxanne's students. Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to defeat both of her Pokémon through a combination of pure electrical power and the Iron Tail technique, taking Roxanne by surprise.

Roxanne apparently knows [[Professor Oak]], as he gives live remote lectures for the students at the school.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the Pokémon anime.
* [[Geodude]]
* [[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Sexy.png|thumb|Sexy Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Tied up Bunny hopping Princes&quot;

Roxanne became a Selfbondage Girl so that she could Bunny Hop around Barefoot were ever she wanted. what she learned is to tighly tie her legs together and start bunny hopping around like a good girl.  She wants to Bunny hop to every Class she takes.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the video games in which she has appeared.

====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
* Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl, Rock throw, Rock Tomb
* Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[File:Roxanne pokemon barefoot.png|thumb|roxanne pokemon]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely arrogant about her intellect. And loves Bunny Hopping around Barefoot with her legs tied together.

Roxanne travels around by Bunny Hopping Around Barefoot. She keeps her Belts in her Bag to Tie her Legs together so she can Bunny hop at anytime. In [[Pokémon Adventures]], [[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in Rustboro. She Bunny hopped into the Rustboro Gym only to see a clasroom full of students seeing Roxanne Bunny hop into Class Tied up and Gagged.

Roxanne makes her opponents fuck her while She's Tied up and also spank her. Despite her belts on her Legs, Roxanne Bunny hopped away with Cum in her ass and a Butt Plug holding it in.

Sapphire put Blurry Vision Contaft Lenses in Roxannes eyes to make her Blind only to have Roxanne Bunny Hop away while her Vision is Blurry. Sapphire was unable to chase after Roxanne but activated her Vibra5tr that she shoved in Roxannes Pussy.

Roxanne Bunny Hopped around with a vibrating Butt Plug in her ass and a vibrating Dildo in her pussy while her vision is blurry and only able to moan and cum.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the Pokémon Special manga.
* [[Nosepass]]
* [[Graveler]]

==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|- 
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot; (&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}

{{Pokémon Gym Leaders}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>01jruliybvi2a8oqfip3eorgks3lipe</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641941</id>
      <parentid>4641939</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T23:04:10Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lexy Feltus</username>
        <id>3610970</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* In the Anime */</comment>
      <origin>4641941</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5928" sha1="a6kbp881rrjdkkas5ukqb9nexv2ioub" xml:space="preserve">{{dewikify}}
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne 
| image=[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Tied Up.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor= 
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291 
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190 
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]] 
|}}

'''Roxanne''' is the [[Gym Leader]] of [[Rustboro City]] in [[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]] and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a scholar who specializes in [[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock-type Pokémon]].

==In the Anime==
[[File:Roxanne pokemon barefoot.png|thumb|roxanne pokemon]]
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne when She was Bunny Hopping around in her school.  Roxanne teaches classes on Bunny Hopping around while being Tied up and Gagged to the Children of Rustboro. She won't accept a child not Bunny hopping while Tied up and Gagged. She Bunny Hops around class at the school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very young children about Bunny hopping around while being Tied up and Gagged.

After some time spent at the school, Ash fucked Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while being filmed by some of Roxanne's students. Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to Put a Straight Jacket on her so she was completly restrained with her Legs tightly tied together barefoot and her arms restrained and also putting Blurry Vision Contact Lenses in her eyes, taking Roxanne by surprise.

Roxanne apparently knows how to Bunny hop away in this situation, as she Bunny hops back to lectures the students at the school whild still being tied up barefoot and only being able to Bunny hop around.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the Pokémon anime.
* [[Geodude]]
* [[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon Sexy.png|thumb|Sexy Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Tied up Bunny hopping Princes&quot;

Roxanne became a Selfbondage Girl so that she could Bunny Hop around Barefoot were ever she wanted. what she learned is to tighly tie her legs together and start bunny hopping around like a good girl.  She wants to Bunny hop to every Class she takes.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the video games in which she has appeared.

====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
* Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl, Rock throw, Rock Tomb
* Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[File:Roxanne pokemon barefoot.png|thumb|roxanne pokemon]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely arrogant about her intellect. And loves Bunny Hopping around Barefoot with her legs tied together.

Roxanne travels around by Bunny Hopping Around Barefoot. She keeps her Belts in her Bag to Tie her Legs together so she can Bunny hop at anytime. In [[Pokémon Adventures]], [[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in Rustboro. She Bunny hopped into the Rustboro Gym only to see a clasroom full of students seeing Roxanne Bunny hop into Class Tied up and Gagged.

Roxanne makes her opponents fuck her while She's Tied up and also spank her. Despite her belts on her Legs, Roxanne Bunny hopped away with Cum in her ass and a Butt Plug holding it in.

Sapphire put Blurry Vision Contaft Lenses in Roxannes eyes to make her Blind only to have Roxanne Bunny Hop away while her Vision is Blurry. Sapphire was unable to chase after Roxanne but activated her Vibra5tr that she shoved in Roxannes Pussy.

Roxanne Bunny Hopped around with a vibrating Butt Plug in her ass and a vibrating Dildo in her pussy while her vision is blurry and only able to moan and cum.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the Pokémon Special manga.
* [[Nosepass]]
* [[Graveler]]

==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|- 
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot; (&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}

{{Pokémon Gym Leaders}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>a6kbp881rrjdkkas5ukqb9nexv2ioub</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641942</id>
      <parentid>4641941</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T23:05:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Leonidlednev</username>
        <id>3360329</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edits by [[Special:Contributions/Lexy Feltus|Lexy Feltus]] ([[User talk:Lexy Feltus|talk]]) to last version by 2005-Fan</comment>
      <origin>4597103</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5853" sha1="64cw1t11k53482p4au2dkgorsi258fg" xml:space="preserve">{{dewikify}}
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne 
| image=[[Image:0070.JPG|150px]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor= 
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291 
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190 
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]] 
|}}

'''Roxanne''' is the [[Gym Leader]] of [[Rustboro City]] in [[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]] and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a scholar who specializes in [[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock-type Pokémon]].

==In the Anime==
[[Image:Anime-Roxanne.jpg|thumb|Roxanne, as seen in the anime]]
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne when [[May (Pokémon)|May]] found a lost [[Poliwag]] from Roxanne's school.  Roxanne teaches classes on Pokémon to the citizens of Rustboro. She won't accept a challenge from a trainer unless he or she takes a class at the school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very young children about [[Pokémon]].

After some time spent at the school, Ash challenged Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while being filmed by some of Roxanne's students. Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to defeat both of her Pokémon through a combination of pure electrical power and the Iron Tail technique, taking Roxanne by surprise.

Roxanne apparently knows [[Professor Oak]], as he gives live remote lectures for the students at the school.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the Pokémon anime.
* [[Geodude]]
* [[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[Image:GymLeader-Roxanne.jpg|thumb|Roxanne, as seen in R/S/E]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Rock-Loving Honor Student.&quot; Her strategy is Rock-type power attacks. She believes Rock-type Pokémon to be &quot;rock solid&quot;.

Roxanne became a Gym Leader so that she could apply what she learned at the Pokémon Trainers School in battle.  She wants to face many new opponents to see them demonstrate how they battle and with which Pokémon. Her desire is to learn all about Pokémon through battling.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the video games in which she has appeared.

====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
* Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl, Rock throw, Rock Tomb
* Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[Image:Manga-Roxanne.png|right|frame|Roxanne]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely arrogant about her intellect.

Roxanne travels around by riding on her [[Graveler]]. She keeps her [[Nosepass]]'s [[Poké Ball]] in a hollowed-out book. In [[Pokémon Adventures]], [[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in Rustboro eager to win her first Badge. She entered the Rustboro Gym only to see a clasroom full of students listening to a lecture from Roxanne.

Roxanne makes her opponents take a written test as part of the Gym challenge. Despite her difficulty with schoolwork, Sapphire got the highest marks in the testing due to her tutoring from her father, [[Professor Birch]].

Sapphire battled with her [[Aron]] only to have Roxanne's Nosepass block her attacks with Harden. Sapphire was unable to withdraw her Aron from the battle thanks to Nosepass' Magnet Pull. Sapphire, however, realized that Nosepass must always face north and had her Aron attack from behind.

In the [[Hoenn]] conflict, she sided with [[Team Aqua]]. She had worked with Professor Cozmo, who unknowngly assisted the evil team, and reasoned that the Professor wouldn't support an evil group. She changed her mind after [[Kyogre]] and [[Groudon]] started their rampage.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the Pokémon Special manga.
* [[Nosepass]]
* [[Graveler]]

==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|- 
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot; (&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}

{{Pokémon Gym Leaders}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>64cw1t11k53482p4au2dkgorsi258fg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641943</id>
      <parentid>4641942</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T23:06:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lexy Feltus</username>
        <id>3610970</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641943</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5841" sha1="nu9py3ohwr256xnqmjetwejceomm1mq" xml:space="preserve">
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne 
| image=[[Image:0070.JPG|150px]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor= 
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291 
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190 
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]] 
|}}

'''Roxanne''' is the [[Gym Leader]] of [[Rustboro City]] in [[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]] and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a scholar who specializes in [[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock-type Pokémon]].

==In the Anime==
[[Image:Anime-Roxanne.jpg|thumb|Roxanne, as seen in the anime]]
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne when [[May (Pokémon)|May]] found a lost [[Poliwag]] from Roxanne's school.  Roxanne teaches classes on Pokémon to the citizens of Rustboro. She won't accept a challenge from a trainer unless he or she takes a class at the school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very young children about [[Pokémon]].

After some time spent at the school, Ash challenged Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while being filmed by some of Roxanne's students. Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to defeat both of her Pokémon through a combination of pure electrical power and the Iron Tail technique, taking Roxanne by surprise.

Roxanne apparently knows [[Professor Oak]], as he gives live remote lectures for the students at the school.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the Pokémon anime.
* [[Geodude]]
* [[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[Image:GymLeader-Roxanne.jpg|thumb|Roxanne, as seen in R/S/E]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Rock-Loving Honor Student.&quot; Her strategy is Rock-type power attacks. She believes Rock-type Pokémon to be &quot;rock solid&quot;.

Roxanne became a Gym Leader so that she could apply what she learned at the Pokémon Trainers School in battle.  She wants to face many new opponents to see them demonstrate how they battle and with which Pokémon. Her desire is to learn all about Pokémon through battling.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the video games in which she has appeared.

====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
* Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl, Rock throw, Rock Tomb
* Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[Image:Manga-Roxanne.png|right|frame|Roxanne]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely arrogant about her intellect.

Roxanne travels around by riding on her [[Graveler]]. She keeps her [[Nosepass]]'s [[Poké Ball]] in a hollowed-out book. In [[Pokémon Adventures]], [[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in Rustboro eager to win her first Badge. She entered the Rustboro Gym only to see a clasroom full of students listening to a lecture from Roxanne.

Roxanne makes her opponents take a written test as part of the Gym challenge. Despite her difficulty with schoolwork, Sapphire got the highest marks in the testing due to her tutoring from her father, [[Professor Birch]].

Sapphire battled with her [[Aron]] only to have Roxanne's Nosepass block her attacks with Harden. Sapphire was unable to withdraw her Aron from the battle thanks to Nosepass' Magnet Pull. Sapphire, however, realized that Nosepass must always face north and had her Aron attack from behind.

In the [[Hoenn]] conflict, she sided with [[Team Aqua]]. She had worked with Professor Cozmo, who unknowngly assisted the evil team, and reasoned that the Professor wouldn't support an evil group. She changed her mind after [[Kyogre]] and [[Groudon]] started their rampage.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the Pokémon Special manga.
* [[Nosepass]]
* [[Graveler]]

==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|- 
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot; (&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}

{{Pokémon Gym Leaders}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>nu9py3ohwr256xnqmjetwejceomm1mq</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641944</id>
      <parentid>4641943</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T23:06:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Leonidlednev</username>
        <id>3360329</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>[[WB:REVERT|Reverted]] edit by [[Special:Contributions/Lexy Feltus|Lexy Feltus]] ([[User talk:Lexy Feltus|talk]]) to last version by Leonidlednev</comment>
      <origin>4597103</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5853" sha1="64cw1t11k53482p4au2dkgorsi258fg" xml:space="preserve">{{dewikify}}
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne 
| image=[[Image:0070.JPG|150px]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor= 
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291 
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190 
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]] 
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]] 
|}}

'''Roxanne''' is the [[Gym Leader]] of [[Rustboro City]] in [[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]] and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a scholar who specializes in [[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock-type Pokémon]].

==In the Anime==
[[Image:Anime-Roxanne.jpg|thumb|Roxanne, as seen in the anime]]
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne when [[May (Pokémon)|May]] found a lost [[Poliwag]] from Roxanne's school.  Roxanne teaches classes on Pokémon to the citizens of Rustboro. She won't accept a challenge from a trainer unless he or she takes a class at the school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very young children about [[Pokémon]].

After some time spent at the school, Ash challenged Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while being filmed by some of Roxanne's students. Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to defeat both of her Pokémon through a combination of pure electrical power and the Iron Tail technique, taking Roxanne by surprise.

Roxanne apparently knows [[Professor Oak]], as he gives live remote lectures for the students at the school.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the Pokémon anime.
* [[Geodude]]
* [[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[Image:GymLeader-Roxanne.jpg|thumb|Roxanne, as seen in R/S/E]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Rock-Loving Honor Student.&quot; Her strategy is Rock-type power attacks. She believes Rock-type Pokémon to be &quot;rock solid&quot;.

Roxanne became a Gym Leader so that she could apply what she learned at the Pokémon Trainers School in battle.  She wants to face many new opponents to see them demonstrate how they battle and with which Pokémon. Her desire is to learn all about Pokémon through battling.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the video games in which she has appeared.

====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
* Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl, Rock throw, Rock Tomb
* Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[Image:Manga-Roxanne.png|right|frame|Roxanne]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely arrogant about her intellect.

Roxanne travels around by riding on her [[Graveler]]. She keeps her [[Nosepass]]'s [[Poké Ball]] in a hollowed-out book. In [[Pokémon Adventures]], [[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in Rustboro eager to win her first Badge. She entered the Rustboro Gym only to see a clasroom full of students listening to a lecture from Roxanne.

Roxanne makes her opponents take a written test as part of the Gym challenge. Despite her difficulty with schoolwork, Sapphire got the highest marks in the testing due to her tutoring from her father, [[Professor Birch]].

Sapphire battled with her [[Aron]] only to have Roxanne's Nosepass block her attacks with Harden. Sapphire was unable to withdraw her Aron from the battle thanks to Nosepass' Magnet Pull. Sapphire, however, realized that Nosepass must always face north and had her Aron attack from behind.

In the [[Hoenn]] conflict, she sided with [[Team Aqua]]. She had worked with Professor Cozmo, who unknowngly assisted the evil team, and reasoned that the Professor wouldn't support an evil group. She changed her mind after [[Kyogre]] and [[Groudon]] started their rampage.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the Pokémon Special manga.
* [[Nosepass]]
* [[Graveler]]

==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|- 
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot; (&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}

{{Pokémon Gym Leaders}}
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>64cw1t11k53482p4au2dkgorsi258fg</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641982</id>
      <parentid>4641944</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T10:42:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lara Glisovic</username>
        <id>3611194</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641982</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5823" sha1="7ly418enbsmxoh8u4wkax0y5u00pgym" xml:space="preserve">
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne
| image=[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor=
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock
type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]]
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]]
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]]
|}}
'''Roxanne''' is the Bunny Hopping Princess of
[[Rustboro City]] in [[Pokémon Ruby and
Sapphire]] and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a
scholar who specializes in Tightly tying her Legs
Together and Bunny Hopping Around.
==In the Anime==
[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne
when She was Bunny Hopping around in her
school. Roxanne teaches classes on Bunny
Hopping around while being Tied up and Gagged
to the Children of Rustboro. She won't accept a
child not Bunny hopping while Tied up and
Gagged. She Bunny Hops around class at the
school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very
young children about Bunny hopping around
while being Tied up and Gagged.
After some time spent at the school, Ash fucked
Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while
being filmed by some of Roxanne's students.
Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to Put a Straight
Jacket on her so she was completly restrained
with her Legs tightly tied together barefoot and
her arms restrained and also putting Blurry
Vision Contact Lenses in her eyes, taking
Roxanne by surprise.
Roxanne apparently knows how to Bunny hop
away in this situation, as she Bunny hops back
to lectures the students at the school whild still
being tied up barefoot and only being able to
Bunny hop around.
===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the
Pokémon anime.
[[Geodude]]
[[Nosepass]]
==In the Games==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Tied up Bunny hopping
Princes&quot;
Roxanne became a Selfbondage Girl so that she
could Bunny Hop around Barefoot were ever she
wanted. what she learned is to tighly tie her legs
together and start bunny hopping around like a
good girl. She wants to Bunny hop to every Class
she takes.
===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the
video games in which she has appeared.
====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl,
Rock throw, Rock Tomb
Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock
Throw, Rock Tomb
====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}
==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon
Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much
trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely
arrogant about her intellect. And loves Bunny
Hopping around Barefoot with her legs tied
together.
Roxanne travels around by Bunny Hopping
Around Barefoot. She keeps her Belts in her Bag
to Tie her Legs together so she can Bunny hop
at anytime. In [[Pokémon Adventures]],
[[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in
Rustboro. She Bunny hopped into the Rustboro
Gym only to see a clasroom full of students
seeing Roxanne Bunny hop into Class Tied up
and Gagged.
Roxanne makes her opponents fuck her while
She's Tied up and also spank her. Despite her
belts on her Legs, Roxanne Bunny hopped away
with Cum in her ass and a Butt Plug holding it in.
Sapphire put Blurry Vision Contaft Lenses in
Roxannes eyes to make her Blind only to have
Roxanne Bunny Hop away while her Vision is
Blurry. Sapphire was unable to chase after
Roxanne but activated her Vibra5tr that she
shoved in Roxannes Pussy.
Roxanne Bunny Hopped around with a vibrating
Butt Plug in her ass and a vibrating Dildo in her
pussy while her vision is blurry and only able to
moan and cum.
===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the
Pokémon Special manga.
[[Nosepass]]
[[Graveler]]
==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|-
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot;
(&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}</text>
      <sha1>7ly418enbsmxoh8u4wkax0y5u00pgym</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641983</id>
      <parentid>4641982</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T10:50:39Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lara Glisovic</username>
        <id>3611194</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641983</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5830" sha1="6n8qhqneo1zeymh42qyuc1hmzjg0ogy" xml:space="preserve">
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne
| image=[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor=
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock
type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]]
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]]
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]]
|}}
'''Roxanne''' is the Bunny Hopping Princess of
[[Rustboro City]] in [[Pokémon Ruby and
Sapphire]] and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a
scholar who specializes in Tightly tying her Legs
Together and Bunny Hopping Around.

==In the Anime==
[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne
when She was Bunny Hopping around in her
school. Roxanne teaches classes on Bunny
Hopping around while being Tied up and Gagged
to the Children of Rustboro. She won't accept a
child not Bunny hopping while Tied up and
Gagged. She Bunny Hops around class at the
school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very
young children about Bunny hopping around
while being Tied up and Gagged.
After some time spent at the school, Ash fucked
Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while
being filmed by some of Roxanne's students.
Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to Put a Straight
Jacket on her so she was completly restrained
with her Legs tightly tied together barefoot and
her arms restrained and also putting Blurry
Vision Contact Lenses in her eyes, taking
Roxanne by surprise.
Roxanne apparently knows how to Bunny hop
away in this situation, as she Bunny hops back
to lectures the students at the school whild still
being tied up barefoot and only being able to
Bunny hop around.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the
Pokémon anime.
[[Geodude]]
[[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Tied up Bunny hopping
Princes&quot;
Roxanne became a Selfbondage Girl so that she
could Bunny Hop around Barefoot were ever she
wanted. what she learned is to tighly tie her legs
together and start bunny hopping around like a
good girl. She wants to Bunny hop to every Class
she takes.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the
video games in which she has appeared.
====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl,
Rock throw, Rock Tomb
Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock
Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon
Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much
trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely
arrogant about her intellect. And loves Bunny
Hopping around Barefoot with her legs tied
together.
Roxanne travels around by Bunny Hopping
Around Barefoot. She keeps her Belts in her Bag
to Tie her Legs together so she can Bunny hop
at anytime. In [[Pokémon Adventures]],
[[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in
Rustboro. She Bunny hopped into the Rustboro
Gym only to see a clasroom full of students
seeing Roxanne Bunny hop into Class Tied up
and Gagged.
Roxanne makes her opponents fuck her while
She's Tied up and also spank her. Despite her
belts on her Legs, Roxanne Bunny hopped away
with Cum in her ass and a Butt Plug holding it in.
Sapphire put Blurry Vision Contaft Lenses in
Roxannes eyes to make her Blind only to have
Roxanne Bunny Hop away while her Vision is
Blurry. Sapphire was unable to chase after
Roxanne but activated her Vibra5tr that she
shoved in Roxannes Pussy.
Roxanne Bunny Hopped around with a vibrating
Butt Plug in her ass and a vibrating Dildo in her
pussy while her vision is blurry and only able to
moan and cum.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the
Pokémon Special manga.
[[Nosepass]]
[[Graveler]]
==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|-
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot;
(&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}</text>
      <sha1>6n8qhqneo1zeymh42qyuc1hmzjg0ogy</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641984</id>
      <parentid>4641983</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T10:52:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lara Glisovic</username>
        <id>3611194</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641984</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5779" sha1="e5j9mcenllmj0v6wzuly48eeknee1du" xml:space="preserve">
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne
| image=[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor=
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock
type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]]
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]]
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]]
|}}
'''Roxanne''' is the Bunny Hopping Princess of
[[Rustboro City]] in [[Pokémon Ruby and
Sapphire]] and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a
scholar who specializes in Tightly tying her Legs
Together and Bunny Hopping Around.

==In the Anime==

[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne
when She was Bunny Hopping around in her
school. Roxanne teaches classes on Bunny
Hopping around while being Tied up and Gagged
to the Children of Rustboro. She won't accept a
child not Bunny hopping while Tied up and
Gagged. She Bunny Hops around class at the
school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very
young children about Bunny hopping around
while being Tied up and Gagged.
After some time spent at the school, Ash fucked
Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while
being filmed by some of Roxanne's students.
Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to Put a Straight
Jacket on her so she was completly restrained
with her Legs tightly tied together barefoot and
her arms restrained and also putting Blurry
Vision Contact Lenses in her eyes, taking
Roxanne by surprise.
Roxanne apparently knows how to Bunny hop
away in this situation, as she Bunny hops back
to lectures the students at the school whild still
being tied up barefoot and only being able to
Bunny hop around.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the
Pokémon anime.
[[Geodude]]
[[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Tied up Bunny hopping
Princes&quot;
Roxanne became a Selfbondage Girl so that she
could Bunny Hop around Barefoot were ever she
wanted. what she learned is to tighly tie her legs
together and start bunny hopping around like a
good girl. She wants to Bunny hop to every Class
she takes.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the
video games in which she has appeared.
====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl,
Rock throw, Rock Tomb
Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock
Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon
Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much
trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely
arrogant about her intellect. And loves Bunny
Hopping around Barefoot with her legs tied
together.
Roxanne travels around by Bunny Hopping
Around Barefoot. She keeps her Belts in her Bag
to Tie her Legs together so she can Bunny hop
at anytime. In [[Pokémon Adventures]],
[[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in
Rustboro. She Bunny hopped into the Rustboro
Gym only to see a clasroom full of students
seeing Roxanne Bunny hop into Class Tied up
and Gagged.
Roxanne makes her opponents fuck her while
She's Tied up and also spank her. Despite her
belts on her Legs, Roxanne Bunny hopped away
with Cum in her ass and a Butt Plug holding it in.
Sapphire put Blurry Vision Contaft Lenses in
Roxannes eyes to make her Blind only to have
Roxanne Bunny Hop away while her Vision is
Blurry. Sapphire was unable to chase after
Roxanne but activated her Vibra5tr that she
shoved in Roxannes Pussy.
Roxanne Bunny Hopped around with a vibrating
Butt Plug in her ass and a vibrating Dildo in her
pussy while her vision is blurry and only able to
moan and cum.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the
Pokémon Special manga.
[[Nosepass]]
[[Graveler]]
==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|-
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot;
(&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}</text>
      <sha1>e5j9mcenllmj0v6wzuly48eeknee1du</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641985</id>
      <parentid>4641984</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T10:56:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lara Glisovic</username>
        <id>3611194</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641985</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5778" sha1="3kmtfk7bzdwwpwa6dvwgcttpruzeyew" xml:space="preserve">
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne
| image=[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor=
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock
type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]]
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]]
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]]
|}}
'''Roxanne''' is the Bunny Hopping Princess of
[[Rustboro City]] in [[Pokémon Ruby and
Sapphire]] and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a
scholar who specializes in Tightly tying her Legs
Together and Bunny Hopping Around.

==In the Anime==
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne
when She was Bunny Hopping around in her
school. Roxanne teaches classes on Bunny
Hopping around while being Tied up and Gagged
to the Children of Rustboro. She won't accept a
child not Bunny hopping while Tied up and
Gagged. She Bunny Hops around class at the
school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very
young children about Bunny hopping around
while being Tied up and Gagged.
After some time spent at the school, Ash fucked
Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while
being filmed by some of Roxanne's students.
Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to Put a Straight
Jacket on her so she was completly restrained
with her Legs tightly tied together barefoot and
her arms restrained and also putting Blurry
Vision Contact Lenses in her eyes, taking
Roxanne by surprise.
Roxanne apparently knows how to Bunny hop
away in this situation, as she Bunny hops back
to lectures the students at the school whild still
being tied up barefoot and only being able to
Bunny hop around.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the
Pokémon anime.
[[Geodude]]
[[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Tied up Bunny hopping
Princes&quot;
Roxanne became a Selfbondage Girl so that she
could Bunny Hop around Barefoot were ever she
wanted. what she learned is to tighly tie her legs
together and start bunny hopping around like a
good girl. She wants to Bunny hop to every Class
she takes.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the
video games in which she has appeared.
====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl,
Rock throw, Rock Tomb
Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock
Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon
Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much
trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely
arrogant about her intellect. And loves Bunny
Hopping around Barefoot with her legs tied
together.
Roxanne travels around by Bunny Hopping
Around Barefoot. She keeps her Belts in her Bag
to Tie her Legs together so she can Bunny hop
at anytime. In [[Pokémon Adventures]],
[[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in
Rustboro. She Bunny hopped into the Rustboro
Gym only to see a clasroom full of students
seeing Roxanne Bunny hop into Class Tied up
and Gagged.
Roxanne makes her opponents fuck her while
She's Tied up and also spank her. Despite her
belts on her Legs, Roxanne Bunny hopped away
with Cum in her ass and a Butt Plug holding it in.
Sapphire put Blurry Vision Contaft Lenses in
Roxannes eyes to make her Blind only to have
Roxanne Bunny Hop away while her Vision is
Blurry. Sapphire was unable to chase after
Roxanne but activated her Vibra5tr that she
shoved in Roxannes Pussy.
Roxanne Bunny Hopped around with a vibrating
Butt Plug in her ass and a vibrating Dildo in her
pussy while her vision is blurry and only able to
moan and cum.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the
Pokémon Special manga.
[[Nosepass]]
[[Graveler]]
==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|-
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot;
(&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}</text>
      <sha1>3kmtfk7bzdwwpwa6dvwgcttpruzeyew</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641988</id>
      <parentid>4641985</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T11:13:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lara Glisovic</username>
        <id>3611194</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641988</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5796" sha1="cqw3b5xpq6ef5hvt0otn02mny3raslc" xml:space="preserve">
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne
| image=[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor=
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock
type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]]
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]]
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]]
|}}
'''Roxanne''' is the Bunny Hopping Princess of [[Rustboro City]] in &lt;nowiki&gt;[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]&lt;/nowiki&gt; and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a scholar who specializes in Tightly tying her Legs Together and Bunny Hopping Around.

==In the Anime==
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne when She was Bunny Hopping around in her school. Roxanne teaches classes on Bunny Hopping around while being Tied up and Gagged to the Children of Rustboro. She won't accept a child not Bunny hopping while Tied up and
Gagged. She Bunny Hops around class at the school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very
young children about Bunny hopping around while being Tied up and Gagged. After some time spent at the school, Ash fucked Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while being filmed by some of Roxanne's students. Ash's [[Pikachu]] was able to Put a Straight Jacket on her so she was completly restrained with her Legs tightly tied together barefoot and her arms restrained and also putting Blurry Vision Contact Lenses in her eyes, taking Roxanne by surprise. Roxanne apparently knows how to Bunny hop away in this situation, as she Bunny hops back to lectures the students at the school whild still being tied up barefoot and only being able to Bunny hop around.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the Pokémon anime. [[Geodude]] [[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Tied up Bunny hopping Princes&quot; Roxanne became a Selfbondage Girl so that she could Bunny Hop around Barefoot were ever she wanted. what she learned is to tighly tie her legs together and start bunny hopping around like a good girl. She wants to Bunny hop to every Class she takes.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the video games in which she has appeared.
====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl, Rock throw, Rock Tomb Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely arrogant about her intellect. And loves Bunny Hopping around Barefoot with her legs tied together. Roxanne travels around by Bunny Hopping Around Barefoot. She keeps her Belts in her Bag to Tie her Legs together so she can Bunny hop at anytime. In [[Pokémon Adventures]],[[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in Rustboro. She Bunny hopped into the Rustboro Gym only to see a clasroom full of students seeing Roxanne Bunny hop into Class Tied up and Gagged. Roxanne makes her opponents fuck her while She's Tied up and also spank her. Despite her belts on her Legs, Roxanne Bunny hopped away with Cum in her ass and a Butt Plug holding it in. 

Sapphire put Blurry Vision Contaft Lenses in Roxannes eyes to make her Blind only to have Roxanne Bunny Hop away while her Vision is Blurry. Sapphire was unable to chase after Roxanne but activated her Vibrator that she shoved in Roxannes Pussy. Roxanne Bunny Hopped around with a vibrating Butt Plug in her ass and a vibrating Dildo in her pussy while her vision is blurry and only able to moan and cum.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the Pokémon Special manga. [[Nosepass]] [[Graveler]]
==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|-
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot;
(&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}</text>
      <sha1>cqw3b5xpq6ef5hvt0otn02mny3raslc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641989</id>
      <parentid>4641988</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T11:15:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Lara Glisovic</username>
        <id>3611194</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641989</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="5781" sha1="h26xkl8jpun72s6bm2trzezlemcz9t4" xml:space="preserve">
{{Pokémon character
| name=Roxanne
| image=[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
| japanname= Tsutsuji
| voiceactor=
| hometown=[[Rustboro City]]
| badge= Stone Badge
| tm= TM39&lt;br&gt;Rock Tomb
| firstgame=[[Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire]]
| firstanime=&quot;Gonna Rule The School!&quot;, ep. 291
| firstmanga=&quot;Vs. Nosepass (Part 1)&quot;, chap. 190
| speciality=[[Pokémon types#Rock-type|Rock
type]]
| gameteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]]
| animeteam=[[Geodude]], [[Nosepass]]
| mangateam=[[Nosepass]], [[Graveler]], [[Cradily]]
|}}
'''Roxanne''' is the Bunny Hopping Princess of [[Rustboro City]] in Pokémon Ruby and Sapphire and [[Pokémon Emerald]]. She is a scholar who specializes in Tightly tying her Legs Together and Bunny Hopping Around.

==In the Anime==
[[Ash Ketchum]] and his friends met Roxanne when She was Bunny Hopping around in her school. Roxanne teaches classes on Bunny Hopping around while being Tied up and Gagged to the Children of Rustboro. She won't accept a child not Bunny hopping while Tied up and Gagged. She Bunny Hops around class at the school. Roxanne is in charge of teaching very young children about Bunny hopping around while being Tied up and Gagged. After some time spent at the school, Ash fucked Roxanne at the [[Pokémon Gym|Gym]] while being filmed by some of Roxanne's students. 

Ash's and [[Pikachu]] was able to Put a Straight Jacket on her so she was completly restrained with her Legs tightly tied together barefoot and her arms restrained and also putting Blurry Vision Contact Lenses in her eyes, taking Roxanne by surprise. Roxanne apparently knows how to Bunny hop away in this situation, as she Bunny hops back to lectures the students at the school whild still being tied up barefoot and only being able to Bunny hop around.

===Pokémon===
This listing is of Roxanne Pokémon in the Pokémon anime. [[Geodude]] [[Nosepass]]

==In the Games==
[[File:Roxanne Pokemon.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne's title is &quot;The Tied up Bunny hopping Princes&quot; Roxanne became a Selfbondage Girl so that she could Bunny Hop around Barefoot were ever she wanted. what she learned is to tighly tie her legs together and start bunny hopping around like a good girl. She wants to Bunny hop to every Class she takes.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the video games in which she has appeared.
====Pokémon Ruby/Sapphire====
Level 14 [[Geodude]] - Tackle, Defense Curl, Rock throw, Rock Tomb Level 15 [[Nosepass]] - Tackle, Harden, Rock Throw, Rock Tomb

====Pokémon Emerald====
{| class=wikitable
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Gym Match
|-
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 12 [[Geodude]]
*Tackle
*Defense Curl
*Rock Throw
*Rock Tomb
|Level 15 [[Nosepass]]
*Block
*Harden
*Tackle
*Rock Tomb
|N/A
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | First Rematch
|-
|Level 32 [[Golem]]
|Level 35 [[Kabuto]]
|Level 35 [[Onix]]
|Level 37 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Second Rematch
|-
|Level 37 [[Omanyte]]
|Level 37 [[Golem]]
|Level 40 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 40 [[Onix]]
|Level 42 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Third Rematch
|-
|Level 42 [[Omastar]]
|Level 42 [[Golem]]
|Level 45 [[Kabutops]]
|Level 45 [[Onix]]
|Level 47 [[Nosepass]]
|N/A
|- style=&quot;background: #ccf;&quot;
! colspan=&quot;6&quot; | Fourth Rematch
|-
|Level 47 [[Aerodactyl]]
*Rock Slide
*Hyper Beam
*Supersonic
*Protect
|Level 47 [[Golem]]
*Focus Punch
*Rollout
*Earthquake
*Explosion
|Level 47 [[Omastar]]
*Protect
*Ice Beam
*Rock Slide
*Surf
|Level 50 [[Kabutops]]
*Swords Dance
*Ice Beam
*Surf
*Rock Slide
|Level 50 [[Steelix]]
*Iron Tail
*Roar
*Explosion
*Rock Slide
|Level 52 [[Nosepass]]
*Double Team
*Explosion
*Protect
*Rock Slide
|}

==In the Pokémon Adventures Manga==
[[File:Roxanne Barefoot.png|thumb|Roxanne Pokemon]]
Roxanne is an honor student at the Pokémon Trainers School of Rustboro and knows much trivia about Pokémon. She's also extremely arrogant about her intellect. And loves Bunny Hopping around Barefoot with her legs tied together. Roxanne travels around by Bunny Hopping Around Barefoot. She keeps her Belts in her Bag to Tie her Legs together so she can Bunny hop at anytime. In [[Pokémon Adventures]],[[Sapphire (Pokémon)|Sapphire]] arrived in Rustboro. She Bunny hopped into the Rustboro Gym only to see a clasroom full of students seeing Roxanne Bunny hop into Class Tied up and Gagged. Roxanne makes her opponents fuck her while She's Tied up and also spank her. Despite her belts on her Legs, Roxanne Bunny hopped away with Cum in her ass and a Butt Plug holding it in. 

Sapphire put Blurry Vision Contaft Lenses in Roxannes eyes to make her Blind only to have Roxanne Bunny Hop away while her Vision is Blurry. Sapphire was unable to chase after Roxanne but activated her Vibrator that she shoved in Roxannes Pussy. Roxanne Bunny Hopped around with a vibrating Butt Plug in her ass and a vibrating Dildo in her pussy while her vision is blurry and only able to moan and cum.

===Pokémon===
This listing is for Roxanne's Pokémon in the Pokémon Special manga. [[Nosepass]] [[Graveler]]
==Name References==
{| class=wikitable
! Language
! Name
! Origin
|-
|Japanese
|ツツジ&lt;br&gt;''Tsutsuji''
|Literally means &quot;azalea&quot;.
|-
|English
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;rock&quot;.
|-
|French
|Roxanne
|Similarity with the word &quot;roche&quot; (rock).
|-
|German
|Felizia
|Possible derivation from &quot;Felsen&quot; (stone)
|-
|Italian
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;pietra&quot; (stone).
|-
|Spanish
|Petra
|Possible relation to &quot;piedra&quot; and &quot;petreo&quot;
(&quot;stone&quot; and &quot;rocky&quot; respectively).
|-
|Hebrew
|קלייר
|
|-
|Russian
|Роксанна
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Roxanne&quot;.
|-
|Chinese
|杜鵑&lt;br&gt;''Du Juan''
|A phonetical translation of &quot;Tsutsuji&quot;.
|}</text>
      <sha1>h26xkl8jpun72s6bm2trzezlemcz9t4</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Volkswagen/VIN Codes</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>483652</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641890</id>
      <parentid>4641772</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T16:54:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Position 5, Engine Type: */</comment>
      <origin>4641890</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32816" sha1="7ox2b4r197r9bgdb24fom5yx63z8mou" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09, '12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09),&lt;br&gt; Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos (Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos (Canada: '11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: CRZA.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R ('12-'13)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW CC ('09-Early '10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat (Early '10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat ('10)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI.  Engine Code: CCTA. Timing chain. VW CC ('10-'14)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW CC ('10-'14)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPLA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CPPA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CPRA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos ('11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA. &lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 6 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('12-'13), Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>7ox2b4r197r9bgdb24fom5yx63z8mou</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641901</id>
      <parentid>4641890</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T17:50:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Position 5, Engine Type: */</comment>
      <origin>4641901</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="32834" sha1="qf5wbg6huxp5gqexk6gjny1b0ej57n3" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09, '12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09),&lt;br&gt; Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos (Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos (Canada: '11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: CRZA.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R ('12-'13)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW CC ('09-Early '10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat (Early '10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat ('10)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI.  Engine Code: CCTA. Timing chain. VW CC ('10-'14)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW CC ('10-'14)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPLA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CPPA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CPRA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos ('11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA. &lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 6 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('12-'13), Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>qf5wbg6huxp5gqexk6gjny1b0ej57n3</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641903</id>
      <parentid>4641901</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T18:16:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Position 5, Engine Type: */</comment>
      <origin>4641903</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33049" sha1="htd5g9zyr5c8isguzmdcj3t8rj54eb4" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09, '12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09),&lt;br&gt; Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos (Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos (Canada: '11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: CRZA.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R ('12-'13)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW CC ('09-Early '10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat (Early '10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat ('10)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI.  Engine Code: CCTA. Timing chain. VW CC ('10-'14)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW CC ('10-'14)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPLA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CPPA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CPRA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos ('11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA. &lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 6 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('12-'13), Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>htd5g9zyr5c8isguzmdcj3t8rj54eb4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641904</id>
      <parentid>4641903</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T18:32:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Position 5, Engine Type: */</comment>
      <origin>4641904</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33062" sha1="pxx18q7wsr6r40i3ddldfcctfiwvvf6" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09, '12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09),&lt;br&gt; Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos (Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-'24)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos (Canada: '11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: CRZA.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R ('12-'13)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW CC ('09-Early '10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat (Early '10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat ('10)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI.  Engine Code: CCTA. Timing chain. VW CC ('10-'14)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW CC ('10-'14)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPLA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CPPA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CPRA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan Mk1 ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited [Mk1] ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos ('11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA. &lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 6 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('12-'13), Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>pxx18q7wsr6r40i3ddldfcctfiwvvf6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641922</id>
      <parentid>4641904</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T20:07:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Position 5, Engine Type: */</comment>
      <origin>4641922</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33070" sha1="h5al1vcw1gx2by6vgom11mr8rkthv8d" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09, '12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09),&lt;br&gt; Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos (US: Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-'24)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos (Canada: '11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: CRZA.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R ('12-'13)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW CC ('09-Early '10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat (Early '10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat ('10)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI.  Engine Code: CCTA. Timing chain. VW CC ('10-'14)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW CC ('10-'14)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPLA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CPPA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'14), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'14)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CPRA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan Mk1 ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited [Mk1] ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos (US: '11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA. &lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 6 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('12-'13), Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>h5al1vcw1gx2by6vgom11mr8rkthv8d</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641930</id>
      <parentid>4641922</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T22:07:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Position 5, Engine Type: */</comment>
      <origin>4641930</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="33800" sha1="4cosxdlxi1sqs6ei6ijidsrm3ztwfh2" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09, '12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09),&lt;br&gt; Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos (US: Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-'24)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos (Canada: '11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: CRZA.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R ('12-'13)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW CC ('09-Early '10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat (Early '10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat ('10)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI.  Engine Code: CCTA. Timing chain. VW CC ('10-'16)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW CC ('10-'16)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPLA. 210 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'16), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'16)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPPA. 210 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'16), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'16)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPRA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CXCA. 210 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI [Mk7] ('15-'16), GTI S [Mk7] ('17)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: DKFA. 228 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI [Mk7] ('19)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan Mk1 ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited [Mk1] ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos (US: '11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA. &lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 4 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CXCB. 220 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI w/Performance Package [Mk7] ('15-'16), GTI Sport, SE, Autobahn [Mk7] ('17), GTI (all models) [Mk7] ('18)
|-
| 6 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('12-'13), Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4cosxdlxi1sqs6ei6ijidsrm3ztwfh2</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641935</id>
      <parentid>4641930</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T22:33:03Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Position 5, Engine Type: */</comment>
      <origin>4641935</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34212" sha1="dfnsvxvhqqft6ypwl2wd6ulszfjrtp4" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09, '12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09),&lt;br&gt; Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos (US: Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: DJJA. 288 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R [Mk7] ('19-')
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-'24)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Eos (Canada: '11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: CRZA.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R ('12-'13)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CYFB. 292 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R [Mk7] ('15-'18)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA. VW CC ('09-Early '10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat (Early '10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat ('10)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI.  Engine Code: CCTA. Timing chain. VW CC ('10-'16)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW CC ('10-'16)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPLA. 210 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'16), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'16)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPPA. 210 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'16), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'16)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPRA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CXCA. 210 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI [Mk7] ('15-'16), GTI S [Mk7] ('17)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: DKFA. 228 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI [Mk7] ('19)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan Mk1 ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited [Mk1] ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Eos (US: '11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA. &lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 4 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CXCB. 220 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI w/Performance Package [Mk7] ('15-'16), GTI Sport, SE, Autobahn [Mk7] ('17), GTI (all models) [Mk7] ('18)
|-
| 6 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('12-'13), Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>dfnsvxvhqqft6ypwl2wd6ulszfjrtp4</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641938</id>
      <parentid>4641935</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T22:41:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Position 5, Engine Type: */</comment>
      <origin>4641938</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34268" sha1="ck5u7zoq4q6tw2lzz3tvdsl2mxxj00r" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09, '12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09),&lt;br&gt; Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos (US: Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI.&lt;br&gt; Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI.&lt;br&gt; Timing chain. Engine Code: DJJA. 288 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R [Mk7] ('19-')
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI.&lt;br&gt; Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-'24)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos (Canada: '11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI.&lt;br&gt; Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: CRZA.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R ('12-'13)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CYFB. 292 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R [Mk7] ('15-'18)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW CC ('09-Early '10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat (Early '10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat ('10)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI.  Engine Code: CCTA. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW CC ('10-'16)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW CC ('10-'16)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPLA. 210 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'16), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'16)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPPA. 210 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'16), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'16)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPRA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CXCA. 210 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI [Mk7] ('15-'16), GTI S [Mk7] ('17)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: DKFA. 228 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI [Mk7] ('19)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan Mk1 ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited [Mk1] ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos (US: '11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA. &lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 4 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CXCB. 220 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI w/Performance Package [Mk7] ('15-'16), GTI Sport, SE, Autobahn [Mk7] ('17),&lt;br&gt; GTI (all models) [Mk7] ('18)
|-
| 6 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('12-'13), Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ck5u7zoq4q6tw2lzz3tvdsl2mxxj00r</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641959</id>
      <parentid>4641938</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T03:36:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JustTheFacts33</username>
        <id>3434282</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Position 5, Engine Type: */</comment>
      <origin>4641959</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="34284" sha1="man78xfhdykt9jia7bh5mud5tc27z8z" xml:space="preserve">{{Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Warning}}{{clear}}

===Positions 1–3, World Manufacturer Identifier:===  
* WVW - VW passenger car
* WVG - VW SUV &amp; ID Buzz
* WV1 - VW Comm. Vehicles - cargo van, pickup truck (truck) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Double-Cab Pickup)
* WV2 - VW Comm. Vehicles - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.) (Canadian mkt. '92 Transporter Window Van, '95 Transporter)
* WV3 - VW Comm. Vehicles - chassis cab or cutaway (incomplete vehicle) [Winnebago Rialta ('97-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)]
* WV4 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Transporter, 2nd gen. Amarok) - cargo van, pickup truck (truck)
* WV5 - VW Comm. Vehicles made by Ford (T7 Caravelle) - passenger van, camper van, or minibus (M.P.V.)
* 1VW - VW passenger car made in USA
* 1V1 - VW truck made in USA
* 1V2 - VW SUV made in USA
* 1WV - Winnebago M.P.V. - Class C Motorhome built on VW chassis &amp; front cab [Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)]
* 2V8 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2009 with side airbags made by Chrysler Canada
* 2V4 - VW M.P.V. (Routan) 2010-2011 made by Chrysler Canada
* 2C4 - Chrysler Group Canada (all brands produced) M.P.V. - used for 2012-2014 Routan
* 3VW - VW passenger car made in Mexico
* 3VV - VW SUV made in Mexico
* 8AW - VW passenger car made in Argentina
* 9BW - VW passenger car made in Brazil

M.P.V.=Multipurpose Passenger Vehicle

===Position 5, Engine Type: ===

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Size !! Type !! Fuel !! Valvetrain !! Engine Family/Notes/Applications
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || 1-bbl. carburetor. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit hatchback L Special Value [49-state] (Mid-'82),&lt;br&gt; Rabbit hatchback L [49-state] ('83-'84), Rabbit hatchback GL [49-state] ('84)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code EN.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Convertible ('81-'83), Jetta ('81-'84), Scirocco ('81-'82, Early '83)
|-
| A || 2.0L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Air-cooled. Bosch L-Jetronic MPI. VW Type 4 air-cooled flat-4 engine. VW Vanagon ('81-Mid '83)
|-
| A || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum ('82-'83)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 90 hp. Engine Code JH.&lt;br&gt; VW Scirocco Wolfsburg Edition, California Edition ('83), Scirocco 8V ('84-'88), Rabbit Convertible ('84), Cabriolet ('85-'89)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Engine Code PL. VW Scirocco 16V ('86)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Quantum wagon ('85), Fox ('87-'93)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('85-'88), Golf w/Fed. emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Golf ('90-'92), Jetta ('85-'88), Jetta base model w/Fed. emissions ('89), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00),&lt;br&gt; GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('96-'98),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine - SULEV.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('03-'05)
|-
| A || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| A || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'12 &amp; '13 in Canada)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('08-'10), GLI ('08-'09, '12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09),&lt;br&gt; Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('09-'10)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos (US: Early '11)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('15), Golf SportWagen TDI ('15), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('15), Beetle TDI ('15)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI.&lt;br&gt; Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('18-)
|-
| A || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI.&lt;br&gt; Timing chain. Engine Code: DJJA. 288 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R [Mk7] ('19-')
|-
| B || 1.7L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit hatchback ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta GLI ('84)
|-
| B || 1.9L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. Digijet (Digital-Jetronic) MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon (Mid '83-'85)
|-
| B || 2.1L || Flat-4 || Gas || OHV || Water-cooled. VW-Bosch Digifant-controlled MPI. VW Wasserboxer engine. VW Vanagon ('86-'91)
|-
| B || 2.1L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 ('83-'84)
|-
| B || 2.2L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. Audi EA828 I5 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Quantum GL5 sedan ('85-'88), Quantum GL5 wagon ('86-'88)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. Higher Output.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf GTI ('85-'86), Golf GT ('87-'88), GTI 8V ('87, '90-'92), Golf w/CA emissions ('89),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLI ('85-'86), Jetta GLI 8V ('87), Jetta ('88),&lt;br&gt; Jetta base model w/CA emissions ('89), Jetta GL ('89), Jetta Carat ('89-'90, Early '91)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Scirocco 16V ('87-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. 94 hp. VW Cabriolet ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Fox ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('90-'93)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'98), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('02),&lt;br&gt; Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'99), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'02), Jetta wagon ('01-'02), Cabrio ('95-'96, '98-'99), New Beetle ('98, '01-'02)
|-
| B || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('01-'03),&lt;br&gt; Winnebago Rialta ('01-'04), Winnebago Vista ('02-'04), Itasca Sunstar ('02-'04)
|-
| B || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Eos ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('07-'08)
|-
| B || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Golf Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| B || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('17-'18)
|-
| B || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI.&lt;br&gt; Timing chain. Detuned version: 184 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Tiguan Mk2 ('18-'24)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Rabbit GTI ('83-'84)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('87-'89), Jetta GLI 16V ('87-'89)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Corrado G60 ('90-'92)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. 94hp. VW Cabriolet ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat ('91-'93)
|-
| C || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '92-'93), Transporter (Canada: '92)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Golf Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), GTI GLS Mk4 [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta Mk3 [1H] ('94-'95), Jetta Mk4 [9M] ('99-'00), Cabrio ('95, '00-'02), Passat ('95-'96),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle ('99-'00)
|-
| C || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('01),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle 1.8T ('01), Passat (B5) ('01 - 1st 1/2)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 220hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V6 ('04) (when C follows B or Z in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 (Early prod. '04) (when C follows C in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| C || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 250 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('08)
|-
| C || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| D || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '93, Canada: '93-'94)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93),&lt;br&gt; GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99), Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95-'99)
|-
| D || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('98-'00)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle 1.8T ('99-'05), GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('01), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('00-'01)
|-
| D || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 170 hp. Longitudinally mounted. VW Passat (B5.5) (Mid '01-'05)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'14)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos (Canada: '11-'15)
|-
| D || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Miller Cycle (B-Cycle). Intake AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3B engine - SULEV. TSI.&lt;br&gt; Timing chain. Detuned version: 174 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Beetle ('18-)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('90-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| E || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Corrado SLC ('92-'93), Passat GLX VR6 ('93, '95-'97), GTI VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95),&lt;br&gt; Jetta GLX VR6 (Gen 3) [1H] ('95), GTI GLX VR6 (Gen 4) [1J] ('99-'00), Jetta VR6 (Gen 4) [9M] ('99-'00)
|-
| E || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || MPI. VW Eurovan (US: '95, Canada: '94-'96), Winnebago Rialta ('95-'96)
|-
| E || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 180 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle Turbo S ('02-'04), GTI 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-Mid '06), Jetta sedan 1.8T ('02-'04),&lt;br&gt; Jetta sedan GLI 1.8T (Mk4) [9M] (Mid '04-Mid '05), Jetta wagon 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('02-'05)
|-
| E || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA188 engine. VW Passat TDI ('04-'05)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('07-'09)
|-
| E || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'23)
|-
| F || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta EcoDiesel ('91-'92)
|-
| F || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Passat GLX VR6 ('93-'94), Corrado SLC ('93-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
|-
| F || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('99-'00), Jetta TDI ('97-'00), New Beetle TDI ('98-'00)
|-
| F || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt. VW Phaeton ('04-'06)
|-
| F || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle convertible [1Y] ('06-'09)
|-
| F || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg ('10-'17)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine - ULEV. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: CRZA.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R ('12-'13)
|-
| F || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CYFB. 292 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf R [Mk7] ('15-'18)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Pickup ('81-'83), Golf ('85-'87), Jetta ('81-'82, '84-'86, '89-'91)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted. VW Dasher ('81)
|-
| G || 1.6L || I4 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Water-cooled. Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Vanagon ('82-'83)
|-
| G || 2.4L || I5 || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 10 valve || Indirect injection. VW Eurovan (Canada only: '93-'97), Transporter (Canada only: '95)
|-
| G || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Passat TDI ('96-'97)
|-
| G || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta sedan VR6 ('01-Mid '02), Jetta wagon VR6 ('01-'02)
|-
| G || 3.2L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW EA390 engine. 240 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW R32 ('04), Touareg ('05-'06)
|-
| G || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] (Mid '05-'07), New Beetle coupe/convertible ('06-'10)
|-
| G || 3.0L || 90° V6 supercharged [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA837 engine + electric motor. Nickel-metal hydride Battery Pack.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg Hybrid ('11-'15)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Longitudinally mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Quantum Turbodiesel ('82-'85)
|-
| H || 1.6L || I4 Turbo || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Indirect injection. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted.&lt;br&gt; VW Rabbit Turbodiesel ('83), Jetta Turbodiesel ('83-'86)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Eurovan ('97, '99-'00), Winnebago Rialta ('97-'00)
|-
| H || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. Audi EA827/EA113 engine. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI GLS 1.8T (Mk4) [1J] ('00)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('00-'04, '05: Early prod.)
|-
| H || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI VR6 (Mid '02-'05), Jetta sedan GLX VR6 (Mid '02-'03), Jetta sedan GLI VR6 (Mid '02-'04)
|-
| H || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 414 hp. VW Phaeton ('04-'05)
|-
| H || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when H follows G or H in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| H || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'14)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf GTI 16V ('91-'92), Jetta GLI 16V ('90-'92)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 2.0T ('06-'07), Wolfsburg Edition ('08), GLI ('06-'08)
|-
| J || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat (Mid '08), Jetta sedan Wolfsburg Edition ('09-'10), GLI ('09), Jetta Sportwagen SEL ('09)
|-
| K || 1.8L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. Transversely mounted. VW Golf ('90-'92), GTI 8V ('90-'92), Jetta ('90-'92)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('02-'03), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01-'05), Jetta wagon ('01-'03), New Beetle ('01-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta City (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'15)
|-
| K || 4.0L || 72° W8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || MPI. VW W8 engine. VW Passat W8 ('02-'04)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY. VW Passat ('06-Mid '08)
|-
| K || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA. VW Passat ('09-'10)
|-
| K || 6.0L || 72° W12 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 48 valve || MPI. VW W12 engine. 444 hp. VW Phaeton ('06)
|-
| K || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('10-'12)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf ('93, '96-'97, '04-'06), GTI [base model] Mk3 [1H] ('96-'97), Jetta ('93, '96-'97),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon ('04-'05), Golf City (Canada only: '07-'10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] TDI ('09-'10), Jetta sedan TDI Cup Edition ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 TDI ('11-'14), Beetle TDI ('13-'14)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW CC ('09-Early '10)
|-
| L || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat (Early '10)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle ('04-'05)
|-
| M || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 40 valve || MPI. Audi EA824 engine. 4172cc. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('04-'06)
|-
| M || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 170 hp. VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'09), Jetta Sportwagen ('09)
|-
| M || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 225 hp. VW Touareg ('09)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('10-'14)
|-
| M || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA. VW Passat ('10)
|-
| M || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('12-'18)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI.  Engine Code: CCTA. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW CC ('10-'17)
|-
| N || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA189 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. 90 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf TDI ('01-'03), Jetta sedan TDI ('01-'03), Jetta wagon TDI ('02-'03),&lt;br&gt; New Beetle TDI ('01-'03)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW CC ('10-'17)
|-
| P || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 ('12-'13), Jetta Sportwagen ('12-'14), Passat ('12-'14), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| P || 3.0L || 90° V6 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA897 engine. 240 hp. VW Touareg TDI ('13-'16)
|-
| P || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Exhaust AVS. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - ULEV. TSI. Timing chain. 235 hp. &lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| R || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('93), Jetta ('93)
|-
| R || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW EA827 engine. 100 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Golf Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'06), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] TDI ('04-'05),&lt;br&gt; Jetta wagon Mk4 [1J] TDI ('04-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada), New Beetle TDI ('04-'06)
|-
| R || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| R || 4.2L || 90° V8 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 32 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA824 engine. 4163cc. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V8 ('09)
|-
| R || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Atlas ('18-'23)
|-
| S || 2.8L || 15° VR6 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 12 valve || MPI. VW VR6 engine. VW Jetta GLX VR6 ('94)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01)
|-
| S || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 150 hp. VW Rabbit Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'07)
|-
| S || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPLA. 210 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'16), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'16)
|-
| S || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'16)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 || Gas || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || MPI. VW EA827 engine. VW Golf ('01), Jetta sedan Mk4 [9M] ('01), New Beetle ('01) 
|-
| T || 1.9L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 8 valve || Direct injection. VW EA827 engine. VW Jetta Mk5 [1K] TDI (Mid '05-'06)
|-
| T || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('06-'08)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPPA. 210 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('13-'16), Beetle 2.0T ('13-'16)
|-
| T || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPRA.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat 1.8T ('14-'17)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CXCA. 210 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI [Mk7] ('15-'16), GTI S [Mk7] ('17)
|-
| T || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: DKFA. 228 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI [Mk7] ('19)
|-
| U || 2.8L || 90° V6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 30 valve || MPI. Audi EA835 engine - Gen 2. Iron Block.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('05)
|-
| U || 3.6L || 10.6° VR6 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 24 valve || Direct injection. VW EA390 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat ('06-'08), VW CC ('09-'16 &amp; '17 in Canada)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA113 engine. FSI. Timing belt. Engine Code: BPY.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] (Mid '06-'08)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI Mk5 [1K] ('09), GTI Mk6 ('10-'13), Tiguan Mk1 ('09-'17), Tiguan Limited [Mk1] ('17-'18)
|-
| V || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Common-Rail Direct injection. SCR. VW EA288 engine.&lt;br&gt; VW Passat TDI ('15)
|-
| W || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - ULEV/Federal emissions. 150 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW New Beetle coupe [1C/AG] ('06-'10), New Beetle convertible [1Y/AL] ('10)
|-
| W || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.  Engine Code: CBFA.&lt;br&gt; VW Eos (US: '11-'16)
|-
| X || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - Federal emissions. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('10), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11-'13), Beetle ('12-'14)
|-
| Z || 4.9L || 90° V10 Twin Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Diesel || SOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || Direct injection. Pumpe Düse (Pump Injection). VW V10 TDI engine. &lt;br&gt; VW Touareg V10 TDI ('04) (when Z follows P in the 4th pos. of VIN)
|-
| Z || 2.5L || I5 || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 20 valve || MPI. VW I5 engine - PZEV. 170 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk5 [1K] ('08-'10), Jetta Sportwagen ('09-'11), Jetta sedan Mk6 ('11)
|-
| 0 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CPKA. &lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'16), Beetle (Mid '14-'16)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('14-'17), Beetle (Mid '14-'17), Golf Mk7 ('15-'17), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'17), Golf Alltrack ('17)
|-
| 1 || 1.8L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - SULEV. TSI. Timing chain.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta sedan Mk6 1.8T ('18), Golf Mk7 ('18), Golf Sportwagen ('18), Golf Alltrack ('18)
|-
| 3 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas-Electric Hybrid || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine + electric motor. Lithium-ion Battery Pack. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta Hybrid ('13-'16)
|-
| 4 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 Gen3 engine - PZEV. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CXCB. 220 hp.&lt;br&gt; VW GTI w/Performance Package [Mk7] ('15-'16), GTI Sport, SE, Autobahn [Mk7] ('17),&lt;br&gt; GTI (all models) [Mk7] ('18)
|-
| 6 || 2.0L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. Audi EA888 engine - Federal emissions. TSI. Timing chain. Engine Code: CCTA.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta GLI ('12-'13), Beetle 2.0T ('12-'13)
|-
| 6 || 1.4L || I4 Turbo [[w:Intercooler|IC]] || Gas || DOHC,&lt;br /&gt; 16 valve || Direct injection. VW EA211 engine. Timing belt.&lt;br&gt; VW Jetta 1.4T ('16-'18)
|}

SCR=Selective Catalytic Reduction

====Motor codes for Electric Vehicles====

{| class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|+Position 5
|-
! VIN !! Motor Designation !! Fuel !! Drive Wheels !! Battery Size !! Application/Notes
|-
| P ||EEM 85|| Electricity || Front ||24.2 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('15-'16).
|-
| R ||EEM 100|| Electricity || Front ||35.8 Kwh || VW e-Golf ('17-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada).
|}

===Position 6, Restraint Systems:===
*0 = Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts only
*1 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts and front knee bolsters
*2 = VW-RA (VW Restraint Automatic): Door-mounted front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts, and front knee bolsters
*4 = VW-ELRA (VW Electromechanical Restraint Automatic): Motorized front shoulder belts, Manual front lap belts
*5 = Driver-side Airbag, Driver and Passenger Active (Manual) 3-point Seat Belts
*8 = Driver and Passenger Front Airbags

*6 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Dual-stage Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags
*3 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags
*0 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Phaeton)
*7 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Touareg)
*8 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Jetta)
*9 = Active (Manual) belts plus Driver and Passenger Front Advanced Airbags &amp; Front and Rear Side Airbags &amp; Side Curtain Airbags (Except Jetta)

===Position 7-8, Model Line:===
1981-2009:
*30 = Fox ('87-'93)
*15 = Rabbit Convertible ('81-'84), Cabriolet ('85-'93)
*16 = Jetta ('81-'88)
*17 = Rabbit ('81-'84), Rabbit Truck ('81-'83), Golf (US built: '85-'89)
*1G = Golf (Mexican built: '89-'92), Jetta ('89-'92)
*1H = Golf/GTI ('93-'99 - Mark III), Jetta ('93-'99 - Mark III)
*1E = Cabrio ('95-'99)
*1V = Cabrio ('00-'02)
*1J = Golf/GTI ('99-'06 - Mark IV), R32 ('04), City Golf (Canada only: '07-'09), Jetta wagon ('01-'05 &amp; '06 in Canada - Mark IV)
*9M = Jetta sedan ('99-'05 - Mark IV), City Jetta (Canada only: '07-'09)
*1K = Rabbit/GTI ('06-'09 - Mark V), R32 ('08), Jetta sedan ('05-'09 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('09 - Mark V)
*32 = Dasher hatchback ('81), Quantum hatchback ('82-'83)/sedan ('82-'88)
*33 = Dasher wagon ('81), Quantum wagon ('82-'88)
*31 = Passat ('90-'94)
*3A = Passat ('95-'97)
*3B = Passat ('98-'05)
*3C = Passat ('06-'09), CC ('09)
*3D = Phaeton ('04-'06)
*53 = Scirocco ('81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada)
*50 = Corrado ('90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada)
*1C = New Beetle coupe ('98-'09)
*1Y = New Beetle convertible ('03-'09)
*1F = Eos ('07-'09)
*25 - Vanagon ('81-'91)
*70 = Eurovan ('93-'03 &amp; '92 in Canada), Eurovan-based Winnebago Rialta, Winnebago Vista, Itasca Sunstar Class C motorhomes
*5N = Tiguan ('09)
*7L = Touareg ('04-'09)

2010-:
*BE (Type 1J) = City Golf (Canada only: '10)
*AJ (Type 5K) = Golf/GTI ('10-'14 - Mark 6), Golf R ('12-'13)
*AU (Type AU) = Golf/GTI ('15-'21 - Mark 7), Golf R ('15-'19), Golf Sportwagen ('15-'19 - Mark 7), Golf Alltrack ('17-'19), e-Golf ('15-'19 &amp; '20 in Canada)
*CD (Type CD) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('22-24 - Mark 8)
*CD (Type DA) = Golf GTI/Golf R ('25-present - Mark 8.5)
*AJ (Type 1K) = Jetta sedan ('10 - Mark V), Jetta Sportwagen ('10-'14 - Mark V)
*AJ (Type 16) = Jetta sedan ('11-'18 - Mark VI)
*BU = Jetta sedan ('19-present - Mark VII)
*AN (Type 3C) = Passat ('10)
*A3 (NMS) = Passat ('12-'22)
*AN (Type 3C) = CC ('10-'17)
*AN (Type 3H) = Arteon ('19-'23)
*AG (Type 1C) = New Beetle coupe ('10)
*AL (Type 1Y) = New Beetle convertible ('10)
*AT (Type 5C) = Beetle ('12-'19)
*AH (Type 1F) = Eos ('10-'16)
*EB = ID Buzz ('25)
*B2 (Type CL) = Taos ('22-)
*AX (Type 5N) = Tiguan ('10-'17), Tiguan Limited ('17-'18)
*AX (Type BW) = Tiguan ('18-'24)
*RM = Tiguan ('25-)
*A9 (Type 7L) = Touareg ('10)
*BP (Type 7P) = Touareg ('11-'17)
*CA = Atlas ('18-'26), Atlas Cross Sport ('20-'26)
*E2 = ID.4 (German built: '21-'22)
*E8 = ID.4 (US built: '23-'26)

===Position 9, Check Digit===
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Check digit |Check digit]]

===Position 10, Model Year: ===                      
[[Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)/Model year|Model year]]

===Position 11, Production Plant:===
* B:    Brussels, Belgium
* C:    Chattanooga, TN, USA
* D:    Bratislava, Slovakia
* E:    Emden, Germany
* G:    Graz, Austria (Steyr-Daimler-Puch plant: Vanagon Syncro 4wd [US: '86-'87, '89-'91, Canada: '86-'91]) 
* H:    Hanover, Germany
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (Karmann plant: Scirocco ['81-'88 &amp; '89 in Canada], Corrado ['90-'94 &amp; '95 in Canada], Rabbit Convertible ['81-'84], Cabriolet ['85-'93], Cabrio ['95-'96])
* K:    Osnabrueck, Germany (ex-Karmann VW Osnabrueck GmbH plant: Tiguan ['17], Tiguan Limited ['17-'18])
* M:    Puebla, Mexico
* P:    Zwickau, Germany [For WMI: WVW or WVG]
* P:    Sao Bernardo do Campo, Sao Paulo state, Brazil (Anchieta plant) [For WMI: 9BW]
* R:    Windsor Assembly - Windsor, ON, Canada (Chrysler plant)
* V:    Westmoreland Assembly - East Huntingdon, Westmoreland County, PA, USA [For WMI: 1VW or 1V1]
* V:    Portugal [For WMI: WVW]
* W:    Wolfsburg, Germany
* 4:    Sao Jose dos Pinhais, Parana state, Brazil (Curitiba plant)
* 8:    Dresden, Germany

'''Positions 12–17, Serial Number'''

'''Select VW equipment codes:'''

*X9A - Equipment Options for USA market
*X9B - Equipment Options for Canadian market

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>man78xfhdykt9jia7bh5mud5tc27z8z</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>History Books/Who Was Alexander the Great/Chapter 5</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>483983</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641931</id>
      <parentid>4640856</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T22:09:51Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-22598-75</username>
        <id>3575788</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Expand</comment>
      <origin>4641931</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4535" sha1="3p9m2sd6ged0baxgtbd1egmuau2qvpk" xml:space="preserve">==Chapter 5: Showdown!==

In the spring of 331 BC, Alexander left Egypt. It was time for the final showdown with Darius. Asia Minor now belonged to Alexander. So did Syria and Egypt. But there was still the rest of the Persian Empire, which stretched all the way to where Pakistan is today. The Persian king was waiting for Alexander in the country that is now Iraq. His army was camped near a village called '''Gaugamela''' (say: Gow-ga-MAY-la). 

Alexander reached Gaugamela late in September. It had been a long march. He set up camp in some low hills and let his men rest for several days.

From his camp, Alexander could see the Persian army. Darius had chosen a smart spot for a battle.

There were hills on one side of the Persians and a river on the other side. That meant that Alexander’s men could not get behind them. They could not attack them from the rear or the front. Alexander knew he had only one hope. The Persians had to make a mistake during the battle.

Alexander’s generals advised him to attack during the night. But Alexander refused. He said that he was not a thief. He wouldn’t steal victory. Darius, however, was '''expecting''' a night attack. He kept his men awake. By morning, Alexander’s men were rested and the Persians were very tired. That was when Alexander led his army down from the hills. The two armies met on a great plain. 

Darius sent his war chariots forward. These chariots had long, sharp blades sticking out of their wheels. Their job was to break up the Macedonian lines. But Alexander’s bowmen shot down the charioteers. Few of the chariots even reached the Macedonian lines.

Then on both sides, the foot soldiers and horsemen charged forward. The battle began. Unfortunately, on the left, Parmenion’s men were soon in bad trouble. Parmenion expected Alexander to send help, but Alexander stuck to his plan. A great general does not act in haste. He was waiting for his chance, waiting for the Persians to make a mistake.

Seeing that Parmenion was in trouble, more and more Persians raced over to attack him and his men. The Persians could taste victory. But they had made a mistake. There were not enough men in their center now.

This was Alexander’s chance. He spurred on Bucephalas and led his cavalry in a charge through the center. He rode straight for Darius. Terrified, Darius turned and fled in his chariot.

When Darius’s men saw their king fleeing, they got scared as well. Frightened men fight badly.

Before long, it was all over. The Persians scattered. Alexander’s men hunted them down in the hills and killed thousands.

Alexander rode after Darius. But the Persian king was too far ahead. Alexander couldn’t catch him. Not this time.

On his return to Gaugamela, Alexander went to the hospital tent. He wanted to visit the wounded men. He thanked each man for his bravery. He even helped the doctors. Aristotle had taught Alexander some medicine, so he knew what to do. His soldiers loved him for caring for them.

Darius was still free, but Alexander had won a great victory. Now there was only the far east of the Persian Empire to capture. He had all the rest. He was now the king of Asia. He had defeated the greatest empire in the world. He had made his father’s dream come true. 

After the battle, Alexander marched south. All the great cities of the Persian Empire surrendered to him. Babylon was his; Susa was his. Even Persepolis, the main Persian city, did not resist. Each of these cities had great riches. It all belonged to Alexander now. 

Alexander stayed in Persepolis for the winter of 331–330 BC. In the spring, he prepared to leave. He had unfinished business. He had to capture or kill Darius.

Alexander gave a great farewell feast in Persepolis. One of the women there was from the Greek city of Athens. Many years earlier, the Persians had burned Athens to the ground. Alexander had promised to punish them for that. The woman said that Alexander should keep his promise. He should burn down the great palace of Persepolis. 

Alexander agreed. Everything valuable had already been removed. Alexander and the guests grabbed torches and set out for the palace. It was mostly made of wood and caught fire easily. Before long, one of the greatest buildings of the ancient world lay in ruins.

In the twentieth century, archaeologists dug at the ruins of the palace. After more than 2,000 years, they found proof of the fire. There was still a deep layer of ash from the cedar trees used to build the palace. 


{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>3p9m2sd6ged0baxgtbd1egmuau2qvpk</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:JackPetro2028</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>484022</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641893</id>
      <parentid>4641266</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T17:08:31Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2028</username>
        <id>3609666</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <origin>4641893</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="639" sha1="1agqoda5h2bcuge4kicinti8yxt86jx" xml:space="preserve">{{Short description|Wikimedia project page for a user discussion}}{{Talk header}} {{warning|This page is meant for discussion related to my user page only and is not the place to discuss content related to a book or topic. Please check out the [[Wikibooks:Reading Room|Reading Room]] if you have questions about Wikibooks itself.}} {{metatalk}}

;Please 
:Add your comment at the bottom unless it clearly goes under an existing heading
:Sign and date your submission with four tildes &lt;nowiki&gt;~~~~&lt;/nowiki&gt;, so that other readers know who said what and whom to ask about it (and whether it's so old that it may have been answered elsewhere)</text>
      <sha1>1agqoda5h2bcuge4kicinti8yxt86jx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:JackPetro2028</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>484023</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641892</id>
      <parentid>4641094</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T17:08:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2028</username>
        <id>3609666</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Autocomfirmed</comment>
      <origin>4641892</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="542" sha1="mn9jdiu0hpynuykj1gx1m905gryi7gl" xml:space="preserve">{{Autoconfirmed user}}
'''[[Wikibooks:Welcome, newcomers|Welcome]] to [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks?|Wikibooks]]''', a collaborative project to produce a complete from scratch. We started in January 2003 and already have '''about {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles.''' We want to make over 100,000, so let's get to work--''anyone'' can edit any article--copyedit, expand an article, write a little, write a lot.

The content of Wikipedia is covered by the [[GNU Free Documentation License]], which means that it is free and will remain so forever.</text>
      <sha1>mn9jdiu0hpynuykj1gx1m905gryi7gl</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:JackPetro2028/sandbox</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>484024</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641894</id>
      <parentid>4641267</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T17:09:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>JackPetro2028</username>
        <id>3609666</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Done.</comment>
      <origin>4641894</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="641" sha1="gdnse4txr0lmxf38z72b7um49ks1a9v" xml:space="preserve">{{top icon
| imagename  = Codex icon articleCheck.svg
| link       = 
| id         = check-icon
}} {{Autoconfirmed user}}
'''[[Wikibooks:Welcome, newcomers|Welcome]] to [[Wikibooks:What is Wikibooks?|Wikibooks]]''', a collaborative project to produce a complete from scratch. We started in January 2003 and already have '''about {{NUMBEROFARTICLES}} articles.''' We want to make over 100,000, so let's get to work--''anyone'' can edit any article--copyedit, expand an article, write a little, write a lot.

The content of Wikipedia is covered by the [[GNU Free Documentation License]], which means that it is free and will remain so forever.</text>
      <sha1>gdnse4txr0lmxf38z72b7um49ks1a9v</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Atomic Chess Opening Theory</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484028</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641987</id>
      <parentid>4641804</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T11:01:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AtomicChess</username>
        <id>3609849</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641987</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1364" sha1="g7hh78mze0j1afp8s5c8f0nidsjwot6" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess diagram
| tright
| Initial position in Atomic Chess
|=

|rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd
|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl
|rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl
| Atomic Chess starts with the standard chess setup.
}}
== Starting position ==
This is the starting position, the way the pieces are laid out when you first set them up at the start of a game of chess. White moves first, so they have the first choice of how to proceed.

== Tree for this book ==
* [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3|1. Nf3]]
** [[Atomic Chess Opening Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6|1...f6]]
*** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3|2. Nc3]]
**** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6|2...Nh6]]
***** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4|3. g4]]
****** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4/3...c6|3...c6]]
******* [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4/3...c6/4._d4|4. d4]]
******** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4/3...c6/4._d4/4...e6|4...e6]]
*** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nd4|2. Nd4]]
**** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nd4/2...Nh6|2...Nh6]]
* [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._e3|1. e3]]


{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>g7hh78mze0j1afp8s5c8f0nidsjwot6</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641991</id>
      <parentid>4641987</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T11:19:44Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AtomicChess</username>
        <id>3609849</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641991</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1419" sha1="bo7imda1cjyd7ukblhew32a0boqjddz" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess diagram
| tright
| Initial position in Atomic Chess
|=

|rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd
|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl|pl
|rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl
| Atomic Chess starts with the standard chess setup.
}}
== Starting position ==
This is the starting position, the way the pieces are laid out when you first set them up at the start of a game of chess. White moves first, so they have the first choice of how to proceed.

== Tree for this book ==
* [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3|1. Nf3]]
** [[Atomic Chess Opening Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6|1...f6]]
*** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3|2. Nc3]]
**** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6|2...Nh6]]
***** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4|3. g4]]
****** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4/3...c6|3...c6]]
******* [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4/3...c6/4._d4|4. d4]]
******** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nc3/2...Nh6/3._g4/3...c6/4._d4/4...e6|4...e6]]
*** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nd4|2. Nd4]]
**** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._Nf3/1...f6/2._Nd4/2...Nh6|2...Nh6]]
* [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._e3|1. e3]]
** [[Atomic_Chess_Opening_Theory/1._e3/1...e6|1...e6]]


{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>bo7imda1cjyd7ukblhew32a0boqjddz</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 13</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484044</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641864</id>
      <parentid>4641329</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:29:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641864</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2832" sha1="7m292ch6nhaztztj15dunhb9ul7n02c" xml:space="preserve">{{Chinese (Mandarin)TOC}}
= Lesson 13: I am sick / 第十三课/第十三課：我生病了 =
{| width=&quot;80%&quot;
! Traditional Characters
! Simplified Characters
|-
|
今天早上，我的頭痛痛的。 &lt;br /&gt;
我的臉熱熱的，紅紅的。我發燒了。&lt;br /&gt;
我要去看醫生。&lt;br /&gt;
醫生說：「你感冒了，要多喝水。」&lt;br /&gt;
「要多休息，病才會好。」。&lt;br /&gt;
吃了藥，睡了覺。&lt;br /&gt;
現在，我覺得好多了。&lt;br /&gt;
|
今天早上，我的头痛痛的。&lt;br /&gt;
我的脸热热的，红红的。我发烧了。&lt;br /&gt;
我要去看医生&lt;br /&gt;
医生说：「你感冒了，要多喝水。」&lt;br /&gt;
「要多休息，病才会好。」。&lt;br /&gt;
吃了药，睡了觉。&lt;br /&gt;
现在，我觉得好多了。&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! Pīnyīn
! English
|-
|
Jīntiān zǎoshang, wǒ de tóutòng tòng de.&lt;br /&gt;
Wǒ de liǎn rè rè de, hóng hóng de. Wǒ fāshāole.&lt;br /&gt;
Wǒ yào qù kàn yīshēng.&lt;br /&gt;
Yīshēng shuō:'Nǐ gǎnmàole, yào duō hē shuǐ.'&lt;br /&gt;
'Yào duō xiūxí, bìng cái huì hǎo.'&lt;br /&gt;
Chīle yào, Shuìlejiào.&lt;br /&gt;
Xiànzài, wǒ juédé hǎoduōle.&lt;br /&gt;
|
My head hurt this morning. &lt;br /&gt;
My face felt hot and flushed; I had a fever.&lt;br /&gt;
I went to see the doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
The doctor said, &quot;You have a cold; you need to drink plenty of water.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;You need to get plenty of rest to recover.&quot;
I took my medicine and got some sleep.&lt;br /&gt;
Now, I feel much better.
|}
==Vocabulary==
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Trad. Chinese !! Simp. Chinese !! Pinyin !! English
|-
| 生病 || = || shēngbìng || Sick
|-
| 醫生 || 医生 || yīshēng || Doctor
|-
| 休息 || =&lt;ref&gt;'''=''' means there are no differences in characters.&lt;/ref&gt; || xiūxí || Rest
|-
| 吃藥 || 吃药 || chīyào || Take medicine
|-
| 發燒 || 发烧 || fāshāo || Fever
|-
| 睡覺 || 睡觉 || shuìjiào || Sleep
|}
===Chinese Character===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|-
! Traditional !! Simplified !! Pinyin
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;頭&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;头&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;tóu&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;臉&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;脸&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;liǎn&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;醫&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;医&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;yī&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;藥&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;药&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;yào&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;病&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;bìng&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;痛&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;tòng&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;熱&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;rè&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;感&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;gǎn&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;冒&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;mào&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;喝&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;hē&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;睡&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;shuì&lt;/font&gt;
|}
See the stroke orders [[Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 13/Stroke Order|here]].

==Note==

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>7m292ch6nhaztztj15dunhb9ul7n02c</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641962</id>
      <parentid>4641864</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T05:15:30Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641962</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2911" sha1="i65j2mlufh0c7cdkcbgfqxchmnmo9dx" xml:space="preserve">{{Chinese (Mandarin)TOC}}
= Lesson 13: I am sick / 第十三课/第十三課：我生病了 =
{{Listen|filename=Chinese-lesson-13-dialogue.ogg|title=Dialogue 7 |plain=yes}}
{| width=&quot;80%&quot;
! Traditional Characters
! Simplified Characters
|-
|
今天早上，我的頭痛痛的。 &lt;br /&gt;
我的臉熱熱的，紅紅的。我發燒了。&lt;br /&gt;
我要去看醫生。&lt;br /&gt;
醫生說：「你感冒了，要多喝水。」&lt;br /&gt;
「要多休息，病才會好。」。&lt;br /&gt;
吃了藥，睡了覺。&lt;br /&gt;
現在，我覺得好多了。&lt;br /&gt;
|
今天早上，我的头痛痛的。&lt;br /&gt;
我的脸热热的，红红的。我发烧了。&lt;br /&gt;
我要去看医生&lt;br /&gt;
医生说：「你感冒了，要多喝水。」&lt;br /&gt;
「要多休息，病才会好。」。&lt;br /&gt;
吃了药，睡了觉。&lt;br /&gt;
现在，我觉得好多了。&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! Pīnyīn
! English
|-
|
Jīntiān zǎoshang, wǒ de tóutòng tòng de.&lt;br /&gt;
Wǒ de liǎn rè rè de, hóng hóng de. Wǒ fāshāole.&lt;br /&gt;
Wǒ yào qù kàn yīshēng.&lt;br /&gt;
Yīshēng shuō:'Nǐ gǎnmàole, yào duō hē shuǐ.'&lt;br /&gt;
'Yào duō xiūxí, bìng cái huì hǎo.'&lt;br /&gt;
Chīle yào, Shuìlejiào.&lt;br /&gt;
Xiànzài, wǒ juédé hǎoduōle.&lt;br /&gt;
|
My head hurt this morning. &lt;br /&gt;
My face felt hot and flushed; I had a fever.&lt;br /&gt;
I went to see the doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
The doctor said, &quot;You have a cold; you need to drink plenty of water.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;You need to get plenty of rest to recover.&quot;
I took my medicine and got some sleep.&lt;br /&gt;
Now, I feel much better.
|}
==Vocabulary==
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Trad. Chinese !! Simp. Chinese !! Pinyin !! English
|-
| 生病 || = || shēngbìng || Sick
|-
| 醫生 || 医生 || yīshēng || Doctor
|-
| 休息 || =&lt;ref&gt;'''=''' means there are no differences in characters.&lt;/ref&gt; || xiūxí || Rest
|-
| 吃藥 || 吃药 || chīyào || Take medicine
|-
| 發燒 || 发烧 || fāshāo || Fever
|-
| 睡覺 || 睡觉 || shuìjiào || Sleep
|}
===Chinese Character===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|-
! Traditional !! Simplified !! Pinyin
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;頭&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;头&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;tóu&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;臉&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;脸&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;liǎn&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;醫&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;医&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;yī&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;藥&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;药&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;yào&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;病&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;bìng&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;痛&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;tòng&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;熱&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;rè&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;感&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;gǎn&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;冒&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;mào&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;喝&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;hē&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;睡&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;shuì&lt;/font&gt;
|}
See the stroke orders [[Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 13/Stroke Order|here]].

==Note==

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>i65j2mlufh0c7cdkcbgfqxchmnmo9dx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641968</id>
      <parentid>4641962</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T06:19:49Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641968</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="2909" sha1="95f967tomrpqoedf95sczccmteb7gir" xml:space="preserve">{{Chinese (Mandarin)TOC}}
= Lesson 13: I am sick / 第十三课/第十三課：我生病了 =
{{Listen|filename=Chinese-lesson-13-dialogue.ogg|title=Dialogue |plain=yes}}
{| width=&quot;80%&quot;
! Traditional Characters
! Simplified Characters
|-
|
今天早上，我的頭痛痛的。 &lt;br /&gt;
我的臉熱熱的，紅紅的。我發燒了。&lt;br /&gt;
我要去看醫生。&lt;br /&gt;
醫生說：「你感冒了，要多喝水。」&lt;br /&gt;
「要多休息，病才會好。」。&lt;br /&gt;
吃了藥，睡了覺。&lt;br /&gt;
現在，我覺得好多了。&lt;br /&gt;
|
今天早上，我的头痛痛的。&lt;br /&gt;
我的脸热热的，红红的。我发烧了。&lt;br /&gt;
我要去看医生&lt;br /&gt;
医生说：「你感冒了，要多喝水。」&lt;br /&gt;
「要多休息，病才会好。」。&lt;br /&gt;
吃了药，睡了觉。&lt;br /&gt;
现在，我觉得好多了。&lt;br /&gt;
|-
! Pīnyīn
! English
|-
|
Jīntiān zǎoshang, wǒ de tóutòng tòng de.&lt;br /&gt;
Wǒ de liǎn rè rè de, hóng hóng de. Wǒ fāshāole.&lt;br /&gt;
Wǒ yào qù kàn yīshēng.&lt;br /&gt;
Yīshēng shuō:'Nǐ gǎnmàole, yào duō hē shuǐ.'&lt;br /&gt;
'Yào duō xiūxí, bìng cái huì hǎo.'&lt;br /&gt;
Chīle yào, Shuìlejiào.&lt;br /&gt;
Xiànzài, wǒ juédé hǎoduōle.&lt;br /&gt;
|
My head hurt this morning. &lt;br /&gt;
My face felt hot and flushed; I had a fever.&lt;br /&gt;
I went to see the doctor.&lt;br /&gt;
The doctor said, &quot;You have a cold; you need to drink plenty of water.&quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&quot;You need to get plenty of rest to recover.&quot;
I took my medicine and got some sleep.&lt;br /&gt;
Now, I feel much better.
|}
==Vocabulary==
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot;
|-
! Trad. Chinese !! Simp. Chinese !! Pinyin !! English
|-
| 生病 || = || shēngbìng || Sick
|-
| 醫生 || 医生 || yīshēng || Doctor
|-
| 休息 || =&lt;ref&gt;'''=''' means there are no differences in characters.&lt;/ref&gt; || xiūxí || Rest
|-
| 吃藥 || 吃药 || chīyào || Take medicine
|-
| 發燒 || 发烧 || fāshāo || Fever
|-
| 睡覺 || 睡觉 || shuìjiào || Sleep
|}
===Chinese Character===
{|class=&quot;wikitable&quot; style=&quot;text-align:center&quot;
|-
! Traditional !! Simplified !! Pinyin
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;頭&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;头&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;tóu&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;臉&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;脸&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;liǎn&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;醫&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;医&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;yī&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;藥&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;药&lt;/font&gt; || &lt;font size=8&gt;yào&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;病&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;bìng&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;痛&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;tòng&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;熱&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;rè&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;感&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;gǎn&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;冒&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;mào&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;喝&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;hē&lt;/font&gt;
|-
| &lt;font size=8&gt;睡&lt;/font&gt; || = || &lt;font size=8&gt;shuì&lt;/font&gt;
|}
See the stroke orders [[Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 13/Stroke Order|here]].

==Note==

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>95f967tomrpqoedf95sczccmteb7gir</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:一隻北極熊</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>484045</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641958</id>
      <parentid>4641809</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T02:58:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641958</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="390" sha1="8yby5eqj8h5rvmxmda2g6u69d0m8k7e" xml:space="preserve">Hi, my name is &quot;一隻北極熊&quot;(''Yizhibeijixiong'') and I am a student from Taiwan.

==My Works==
*[[Bopomofo]](near finished!)
*[[Taiwan History]](freshly started)
*I also like to edit the [[Chinese (Mandarin)]] textbook.
&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Userboxtop}}
[[File:Mandarin-fruit-mandarin- language-joke.png|400px]]
{{user language|zh|N}}
{{user language|en|N}}
{{user language|ru|1}}
&lt;/noinclude&gt;</text>
      <sha1>8yby5eqj8h5rvmxmda2g6u69d0m8k7e</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Traditional/Lesson 15</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484058</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641964</id>
      <parentid>4641321</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T05:27:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641964</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1531" sha1="2u7u715ufnrqcryhpkkzhexlfxmo6lj" xml:space="preserve">{{Chinese (Mandarin)TOC}}
=Lesson 15=

{| width=&quot;80%&quot;
|-
! Traditional characters
! Pīnyīn
|-
|
中國，全稱中華人民共和國，&lt;br /&gt;
是一個由五十六個民族組成的國家，&lt;br /&gt;
位於東亞。&lt;br /&gt;
她&lt;ref&gt;&quot;她&quot; is the feminine third person singular pronoun (&quot;she/her&quot;) and is used to represent a female person. Here, it is used as to represent a nation. This “她” could be used to represent nation, natural elements, the planet etc.&lt;/ref&gt;風景秀麗，歷史悠久，文化多元，&lt;br /&gt;
這裏的人熱情好客，他們優美的語言，&lt;br /&gt;
等著你來探索。&lt;br /&gt;
|
Zhōngguó, quánchēng Zhōnghuá rénmín gònghéguó,&lt;br /&gt;
shì yīgè yóu wǔshíliù gè mínzú zǔchéng de guójiā,&lt;br /&gt;
wèiyú dōngyà.&lt;br /&gt;
Tā fēngjǐng xiùlì, lìshǐ yōujiǔ, wénhuà duōyuán,&lt;br /&gt;
zhèlǐ de rén rèqíng hàokè, tāmen yōuměi de yǔyán,&lt;br /&gt;
děngzhe nǐ lái tànsuǒ.&lt;br /&gt;
|}

==English==
China, officially called the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in  which  56 different peoples inhabit, located in East Asia. It has beautiful views, a long history, and diverse culture. The people living there welcome you and their wonderful language is waiting for your exploration.

==Vocabulary==
*共和國    /gòng hé guó/ republic
*東亞 /dōng yà/ East Asia
*秀麗 /xiù lì/ beautiful, pretty
*悠久/ yōu jiǔ/ so long 
*多元 /duō yuán/ diverse
*好客/hào kè/ welcome to 
*探索/ tàn suǒ/ n. exploration verb. explore
==Note==


{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>2u7u715ufnrqcryhpkkzhexlfxmo6lj</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taiwan history</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484088</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641884</id>
      <parentid>4641812</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T14:56:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641884</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3685" sha1="lgiahdsf9txckufuk9qrk5cmiyuun8w" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on Taiwan history and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>lgiahdsf9txckufuk9qrk5cmiyuun8w</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641927</id>
      <parentid>4641884</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T21:38:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-22598-75</username>
        <id>3575788</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641927</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3692" sha1="88xryw66dgfhm393wuqxzm85gorokpt" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on the history of Taiwan and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}

*[[/Contributors/]]

{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>88xryw66dgfhm393wuqxzm85gorokpt</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641953</id>
      <parentid>4641927</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T02:00:28Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Moved contributors to Appendices</comment>
      <origin>4641953</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3693" sha1="pcltq9fi4316682ueqmd0ouil8hrdz5" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on the history of Taiwan and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;-1624]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;1624-1662]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;1662-1683]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
*[[/Contributors/]]
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}


{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>pcltq9fi4316682ueqmd0ouil8hrdz5</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641954</id>
      <parentid>4641953</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T02:02:35Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641954</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3699" sha1="nm97qc4pd5djykvhm2ip1chwxu2sx1h" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on the history of Taiwan and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;(-1624)]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;(1624-1662)]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;(1662-1683)]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
*[[/Contributors/]]
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}


{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>nm97qc4pd5djykvhm2ip1chwxu2sx1h</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641975</id>
      <parentid>4641954</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T07:23:27Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Contents */</comment>
      <origin>4641975</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="3701" sha1="gzanyyn4azwo8xicju01k1ke2qmr70g" xml:space="preserve">{{New book}}[[File:世界最美總統府.jpg|thumb|The front view of the Office of the President,Taiwan|400px]]
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;font-size:2.8em; color:; margin:0.4em&quot;&gt;'''History of Taiwan'''&lt;/div&gt;
Welcome to the '''Taiwan History Textbook!''' This is a free and open textbook about Taiwanese history. Our goal is to write a high quality textbook about Taiwanese history. Feel free to edit this book if you have knowledge on the history of Taiwan and are fluent in English! This book is originally Chinese and now is translated in to English.

==Contents==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
'''Introduction'''
* [[/About Taiwan History|About Taiwan History]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 29, 2026}}

'''Early Taiwan (-1683)'''&lt;br&gt;
1. [[/Prehistorical and the indigenous culture|Prehistorical and the indigenous culture&lt;br&gt;(-1624)]]{{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
2. [[/The Dutch and Spanish rule|The Dutch and Spanish rule&lt;br&gt;(1624-1662)]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
3. [[/Kingdom of Tungning|Kingdom of Tungning&lt;br&gt;(1662-1683)]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 30, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
4. [[/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan|Han Chinese migration to Taiwan]] {{stage short|100%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Qing Rule (1683–1895)'''&lt;br&gt;
5. [[/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan|Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1683–mid-19th century)]]{{stage short|75%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
6. [[/The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port|The Period of Transformation and the Opening of the Port&lt;br&gt;(1858-1874)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
7. [[/The period of active province-building in Taiwan|The period of active province-building in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1885-1895)]]{{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

'''Japanese Rule (1895-1945)'''&lt;br&gt;
8. [[/Republic of Formosa|Republic of Formosa&lt;br&gt;(1895)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
9. [[/Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan|Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1895-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
10. [[Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan|Modernized infrastructure in Taiwan]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
11. [[/The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang|The Political Movements of Chiang Wei-shui and Lin Hsien-tang&lt;br&gt;(1921-1927)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
12. [[/Taiwan in World War II|Taiwan in World War II&lt;br&gt;(1937-1945)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;

''' ROC Rule (1945-)'''&lt;br&gt;
13. [[/Post-war takeover|Post-war takeover&lt;br&gt;(1945-1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
14. [[/February 28 incident|February 28 incident&lt;br&gt;(1947)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
15. [[/ROC retreats to Taiwan|ROC retreats to Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(1949)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 28, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
16. [[/The land reform|The land reform&lt;br&gt;(1950s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29, 2026}}&lt;br&gt;
17. [[/Taiwan Strait Crisis|Taiwan Strait Crisis&lt;br&gt;(1954-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
18. [[/White Terror|White Terror&lt;br&gt;(1947-1987)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
19. [[/Diplomatic challenges |Diplomatic challenges&lt;br&gt;(1970s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
20. [[/Economic Miracle|Economic Miracle&lt;br&gt;(1960s-1980s)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
21. [[/Taiwan's democratization|Taiwan's democratization&lt;br&gt;(1987-2000)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29,2026}}&lt;br&gt;
22. [[/Modern Taiwan|Modern Taiwan&lt;br&gt;(2000-)]] {{stage short|0%|Jun 29，2026}}&lt;br&gt;
|}

== Appendices==
{| border=&quot;0&quot; width=&quot;75%&quot;
|-
| valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;48%&quot; |
* [[/Historical Maps of Taiwan/]] {{stage short|75%|Jun 29, 2026}}
*[[/Contributors/]]
|}

==Related Books==
*[[History of China]]
*[[Chinese History]]
*[[Chinese (Mandarin)]]
*[[Hokkien]]

{{BookCat}}


{{Shelves|History}}
{{Status|0%}}
{{bookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>gzanyyn4azwo8xicju01k1ke2qmr70g</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Fractals/Mandelbrot CLI: Renderer with Perturbation Theory</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484105</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641876</id>
      <parentid>4641658</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T14:06:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aokoroko</username>
        <id>3059689</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641876</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9470" sha1="k34lsqd40z6pzz4txtdzbiv2d31c8ds" xml:space="preserve">&lt; [[Fractals|Back to Fractals book]]

== Introduction ==
This page contains the original C++ source code used to render high-precision fragments of the Mandelbrot set using perturbation theory and 8x8 Super-Sampling Anti-Aliasing (SSAA). Created by [[User:Aokoroko]].

== Key Features ==
* '''High-Precision Reference:''' The 5000-bit reference trajectory is computed exactly once per zoom layer.
* '''Hardware-Native Performance:''' Blazing-fast math for billions of pixels utilizing hardware-native double registers.
* When using double-precision floating-point numbers (on the order of 10⁻¹⁵), perturbation theory only allows you to zoom down to the '''10⁻³⁰⁸ level—no further.'''
* '''Innovative Algorithm:''' Revolutionary *Reference Reset to Zero* implementation.
* '''True 8x8 SSAA:''' Pristine, anti-aliased image quality with 64 independent samples per pixel.
* '''OpenMP Multi-threading:''' High-speed parallel computing to maximize CPU utilization.

== C++ Source Code ==
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;fstream&gt;
#include &lt;vector&gt;
#include &lt;cmath&gt;
#include &lt;cstdint&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
#include &lt;atomic&gt;
#include &lt;omp.h&gt;
#include &lt;cstdio&gt;
#include &lt;iomanip&gt;
#include &lt;gmp.h&gt;
#include &lt;mpfr.h&gt;

using namespace std;
const double PI = 3.14159265358979323846;
const mpfr_prec_t MPFR_BITS = 5000;

#pragma pack(push, 1)
struct BMPHeader {
    uint16_t type{0x4D42};
    uint32_t size{0};
    uint16_t reserved1{0};
    uint16_t reserved2{0};
    uint32_t offBits{54};
    uint32_t structSize{40};
    int32_t  width{0};
    int32_t  height{0};
    uint16_t planes{1};
    uint16_t bitCount{24};
    uint32_t compression{0};
    uint32_t sizeImage{0};
    int32_t  xpelsPerMeter{2834};
    int32_t  ypelsPerMeter{2834};
    uint32_t clrUsed{0};
    uint32_t clrImportant{0};
};
#pragma pack(pop)

struct ComplexDouble {
    double re;
    double im;
};

void save_bmp(const string&amp; filename, const vector&lt;uint8_t&gt;&amp; data, int w, int h) {
    int rowSize = (w * 3 + 3) &amp; ~3;
    BMPHeader header;
    header.width = w;
    header.height = h;
    header.sizeImage = rowSize * h;
    header.size = header.sizeImage + 54;
    ofstream f(filename, ios::binary);
    f.write(reinterpret_cast&lt;char*&gt;(&amp;header), 54);
    f.write(reinterpret_cast&lt;const char*&gt;(data.data()), data.size());
    f.close();
}

int main() {
    string absc_str, ordi_str, size_str;
    absc_str = &quot;-1.74907816150520173167912454515663360420734509948112463480292338384&quot;; 
    ordi_str = &quot;-0.00000550991906629096602513098567268615714673236269915508056068145&quot;; 
    size_str = &quot;0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000153&quot;;
    const int targetW = 10000;
    const int targetH = 10000;
    const int scale = 8;
    const int rawW = targetW * scale;
    const int rawH = targetH * scale;
    cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Step 1: Calculating Raw Map (&quot; &lt;&lt; rawW &lt;&lt; &quot;x&quot; &lt;&lt; rawH &lt;&lt; &quot;) using Perturbation...&quot; &lt;&lt; endl;
    vector&lt;uint8_t&gt; iterMap((size_t)rawW * rawH);
    mpfr_t rx, ry, zr, zi, zr2, zi2, tmp, sz, st;
    mpfr_inits2(MPFR_BITS, rx, ry, zr, zi, zr2, zi2, tmp, sz, st, NULL);
    mpfr_set_str(rx, absc_str.c_str(), 10, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_str(ry, ordi_str.c_str(), 10, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_str(sz, size_str.c_str(), 10, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_div_ui(st, sz, rawW, MPFR_RNDN);
    double step_d = mpfr_get_d(st, MPFR_RNDN);
    double ref_rec_d = mpfr_get_d(rx, MPFR_RNDN);
    double ref_imc_d = mpfr_get_d(ry, MPFR_RNDN);
    vector&lt;ComplexDouble&gt; ref_orbit_double(50005);
    mpfr_set_ui(zr, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_ui(zi, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_ui(zr2, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_ui(zi2, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
    uint32_t ref_i = 0;
    bool escaped = false;
    while (ref_i &lt; 50000) {
        ref_orbit_double[ref_i].re = mpfr_get_d(zr, MPFR_RNDN);
        ref_orbit_double[ref_i].im = mpfr_get_d(zi, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_mul(tmp, zr, zi, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_mul_ui(zi, tmp, 2, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_add(zi, zi, ry, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_sub(zr, zr2, zi2, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_add(zr, zr, rx, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_mul(zr2, zr, zr, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_mul(zi2, zi, zi, MPFR_RNDN);
        if (escaped) {
            ref_i++;
            break;
        }
        mpfr_add(tmp, zr2, zi2, MPFR_RNDN);
        if (mpfr_cmp_d(tmp, 4.0) &gt;= 0) { 
            escaped = true;
        }
        ref_i++;
    }
    ref_orbit_double[ref_i].re = mpfr_get_d(zr, MPFR_RNDN);
    ref_orbit_double[ref_i].im = mpfr_get_d(zi, MPFR_RNDN);
    uint32_t max_valid_ref_iter = ref_i; 
    mpfr_clears(rx, ry, zr, zi, zr2, zi2, tmp, sz, st, NULL);
    atomic&lt;int&gt; linesDone{0};
    #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic)
    for (size_t b = 0; b &lt; (size_t)rawH; ++b) {
        for (size_t a = 0; a &lt; (size_t)rawW; ++a) {
            double delta_rec = (double)((long long)a - (rawW / 2)) * step_d;
            double delta_imc = (double)((long long)b - (rawH / 2)) * step_d;
            uint32_t index = 0;    
            double delta_re = 0.0; 
            double delta_im = 0.0;
            double z_re = 0.0;     
            double z_im = 0.0;
            uint32_t i = 0;
            const ComplexDouble* ref_ptr = ref_orbit_double.data();
            while (i &lt; max_valid_ref_iter) {
                if ((z_re * z_re + z_im * z_im) &gt;= 40000.0) {
                    break;
                }
                if ((z_re * z_re + z_im * z_im) &lt; (delta_re * delta_re + delta_im * delta_im)) {
                    index = 0; 
                    delta_re = z_re;
                    delta_im = z_im;
                }
                for (int step = 0; step &lt; 2; ++step) {
                    double Ur = ref_ptr[index].re;
                    double Ui = ref_ptr[index].im;
                    double next_delta_im = 2.0 * Ur * delta_im + 2.0 * Ui * delta_re + 2.0 * delta_re * delta_im + delta_imc;
                    delta_re = 2.0 * Ur * delta_re - 2.0 * Ui * delta_im + delta_re * delta_re - delta_im * delta_im + delta_rec;
                    delta_im = next_delta_im;
                    index++;
                }
                z_re = ref_ptr[index].re + delta_re;
                z_im = ref_ptr[index].im + delta_im;
                i += 2; 
            }
            int final_t = 50000 - i;
            if (final_t == 0) {
                iterMap[b * (size_t)rawW + a] = 255;
            } else {
                iterMap[b * (size_t)rawW + a] = (uint8_t)(final_t % 254);
            }
        }
        if (++linesDone % 100 == 0) cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Progress: &quot; &lt;&lt; linesDone &lt;&lt; &quot;/&quot; &lt;&lt; rawH &lt;&lt; &quot;\r&quot; &lt;&lt; flush;
    }
    uint8_t pal[256][3];
    for (int a = 0; a &lt; 255; ++a) {
        pal[a][0] = (uint8_t)round(127.0 + 127.0 * cos(2.0 * PI * a / 255.0)); // Blue
        pal[a][1] = (uint8_t)round(127.0 + 127.0 * sin(2.0 * PI * a / 255.0)); // Green
        pal[a][2] = (uint8_t)round(127.0 + 127.0 * sin(2.0 * PI * a / 255.0)); // Red
    }
    pal[255][0] = 255; pal[255][1] = 255; pal[255][2] = 255;
    cout &lt;&lt; &quot;\nStep 2: Rendering frames...&quot; &lt;&lt; endl;
    int rowSize = (targetW * 3 + 3) &amp; ~3;
    for (int frame = 0; frame &lt; 255; ++frame) {
        vector&lt;uint8_t&gt; frameData(rowSize * targetH);        
        #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static)
        for (int y = 0; y &lt; targetH; ++y) {
            for (int x = 0; x &lt; targetW; ++x) {
                uint32_t rSum = 0, gSum = 0, bSum = 0;
                  for (int j = 0; j &lt; scale; ++j) {
                    size_t mapRowIdx = (size_t)(y * scale + j) * rawW;
                      for (int i = 0; i &lt; scale; ++i) {
                        uint8_t t = iterMap[mapRowIdx + (x * scale + i)];
                        int colorIdx;
                        if (t == 255) {
                            colorIdx = 255;
                        } else {
                            colorIdx = (t - frame + 255) % 255;
                        }
                        bSum += pal[colorIdx][0];
                        gSum += pal[colorIdx][1];
                        rSum += pal[colorIdx][2];
                    }
                }                
                int outIdx = y * rowSize + x * 3;
                frameData[outIdx + 0] = (uint8_t)(bSum &gt;&gt; 6);
                frameData[outIdx + 1] = (uint8_t)(gSum &gt;&gt; 6);
                frameData[outIdx + 2] = (uint8_t)(rSum &gt;&gt; 6);
            }
        }
        string filename = &quot;Mandelbrot&quot; + to_string(1000 + frame).substr(1) + &quot;.bmp&quot;;
        save_bmp(filename, frameData, targetW, targetH);
        cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Frame &quot; &lt;&lt; frame &lt;&lt; &quot;/254 saved.   \r&quot; &lt;&lt; flush;
    }
    return 0;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Rendered Examples ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
File:Mandelbrot Set Image 107.png|Mandelbrot set fragment using perturbation theory. Final resolution 10,000 x 10,000 pixels.
File:Mandelbrot Set Image 108.png|Mandelbrot set fragment using perturbation theory. Final resolution 10,000 x 10,000 pixels.
File:Mandelbrot Set Image 109.png|Mandelbrot set fragment using perturbation theory. Final resolution 10,000 x 10,000 pixels.
File:Mandelbrot Set Image 110.png|Mandelbrot set fragment using perturbation theory. Final resolution 10,000 x 10,000 pixels.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== External Links ==
* [https://github.com/Divetoxx/Mandelbrot Official Mandelbrot CLI Repository on GitHub] — source code, documentation, and pre-compiled releases.
* [https://rosettacode.org C++ Perturbation Theory Optimization] showcased in the global algorithm repository on Rosetta Code.


[[Category:Book:Fractals]]</text>
      <sha1>k34lsqd40z6pzz4txtdzbiv2d31c8ds</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641877</id>
      <parentid>4641876</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T14:07:53Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>Aokoroko</username>
        <id>3059689</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641877</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="9510" sha1="nnpjkallri94mzsw3q8ltm0j1a2nlsh" xml:space="preserve">&lt; [[Fractals|Back to Fractals book]]

== Introduction ==
This page contains the original C++ source code used to render high-precision fragments of the Mandelbrot set using perturbation theory and 8x8 Super-Sampling Anti-Aliasing (SSAA). Created by [[User:Aokoroko]].

== Key Features ==
* '''High-Precision Reference:''' The 5000-bit reference trajectory is computed exactly once per zoom layer.
* '''Hardware-Native Performance:''' Blazing-fast math for billions of pixels utilizing hardware-native double registers.
* When using double-precision floating-point numbers (on the order of 10⁻¹⁵), perturbation theory only allows you to zoom down to the '''10⁻³⁰⁸ level—no further.'''
* '''Innovative Algorithm:''' Revolutionary *Reference Reset to Zero* implementation.
* '''True 8x8 SSAA:''' Pristine, anti-aliased image quality with 64 independent samples per pixel.
* '''OpenMP Multi-threading:''' High-speed parallel computing to maximize CPU utilization.

== C++ Source Code ==
&lt;syntaxhighlight lang=&quot;cpp&quot;&gt;
#include &lt;iostream&gt;
#include &lt;fstream&gt;
#include &lt;vector&gt;
#include &lt;cmath&gt;
#include &lt;cstdint&gt;
#include &lt;string&gt;
#include &lt;atomic&gt;
#include &lt;omp.h&gt;
#include &lt;cstdio&gt;
#include &lt;iomanip&gt;
#include &lt;gmp.h&gt;
#include &lt;mpfr.h&gt;

using namespace std;
const double PI = 3.14159265358979323846;
const mpfr_prec_t MPFR_BITS = 5000;

#pragma pack(push, 1)
struct BMPHeader {
    uint16_t type{0x4D42};
    uint32_t size{0};
    uint16_t reserved1{0};
    uint16_t reserved2{0};
    uint32_t offBits{54};
    uint32_t structSize{40};
    int32_t  width{0};
    int32_t  height{0};
    uint16_t planes{1};
    uint16_t bitCount{24};
    uint32_t compression{0};
    uint32_t sizeImage{0};
    int32_t  xpelsPerMeter{2834};
    int32_t  ypelsPerMeter{2834};
    uint32_t clrUsed{0};
    uint32_t clrImportant{0};
};
#pragma pack(pop)

struct ComplexDouble {
    double re;
    double im;
};

void save_bmp(const string&amp; filename, const vector&lt;uint8_t&gt;&amp; data, int w, int h) {
    int rowSize = (w * 3 + 3) &amp; ~3;
    BMPHeader header;
    header.width = w;
    header.height = h;
    header.sizeImage = rowSize * h;
    header.size = header.sizeImage + 54;
    ofstream f(filename, ios::binary);
    f.write(reinterpret_cast&lt;char*&gt;(&amp;header), 54);
    f.write(reinterpret_cast&lt;const char*&gt;(data.data()), data.size());
    f.close();
}

int main() {
    string absc_str, ordi_str, size_str;
    absc_str = &quot;-1.74907816150520173167912454515663360420734509948112463480292338384&quot;; 
    ordi_str = &quot;-0.00000550991906629096602513098567268615714673236269915508056068145&quot;; 
    size_str = &quot;0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000153&quot;;
    const int targetW = 10000;
    const int targetH = 10000;
    const int scale = 8;
    const int rawW = targetW * scale;
    const int rawH = targetH * scale;
    cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Step 1: Calculating Raw Map (&quot; &lt;&lt; rawW &lt;&lt; &quot;x&quot; &lt;&lt; rawH &lt;&lt; &quot;) using Perturbation...&quot; &lt;&lt; endl;
    vector&lt;uint8_t&gt; iterMap((size_t)rawW * rawH);
    mpfr_t rx, ry, zr, zi, zr2, zi2, tmp, sz, st;
    mpfr_inits2(MPFR_BITS, rx, ry, zr, zi, zr2, zi2, tmp, sz, st, NULL);
    mpfr_set_str(rx, absc_str.c_str(), 10, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_str(ry, ordi_str.c_str(), 10, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_str(sz, size_str.c_str(), 10, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_div_ui(st, sz, rawW, MPFR_RNDN);
    double step_d = mpfr_get_d(st, MPFR_RNDN);
    double ref_rec_d = mpfr_get_d(rx, MPFR_RNDN);
    double ref_imc_d = mpfr_get_d(ry, MPFR_RNDN);
    vector&lt;ComplexDouble&gt; ref_orbit_double(50005);
    mpfr_set_ui(zr, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_ui(zi, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_ui(zr2, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
    mpfr_set_ui(zi2, 0, MPFR_RNDN);
    uint32_t ref_i = 0;
    bool escaped = false;
    while (ref_i &lt; 50000) {
        ref_orbit_double[ref_i].re = mpfr_get_d(zr, MPFR_RNDN);
        ref_orbit_double[ref_i].im = mpfr_get_d(zi, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_mul(tmp, zr, zi, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_mul_ui(zi, tmp, 2, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_add(zi, zi, ry, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_sub(zr, zr2, zi2, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_add(zr, zr, rx, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_mul(zr2, zr, zr, MPFR_RNDN);
        mpfr_mul(zi2, zi, zi, MPFR_RNDN);
        if (escaped) {
            ref_i++;
            break;
        }
        mpfr_add(tmp, zr2, zi2, MPFR_RNDN);
        if (mpfr_cmp_d(tmp, 4.0) &gt;= 0) { 
            escaped = true;
        }
        ref_i++;
    }
    ref_orbit_double[ref_i].re = mpfr_get_d(zr, MPFR_RNDN);
    ref_orbit_double[ref_i].im = mpfr_get_d(zi, MPFR_RNDN);
    uint32_t max_valid_ref_iter = ref_i; 
    mpfr_clears(rx, ry, zr, zi, zr2, zi2, tmp, sz, st, NULL);
    atomic&lt;int&gt; linesDone{0};
    #pragma omp parallel for schedule(dynamic)
    for (size_t b = 0; b &lt; (size_t)rawH; ++b) {
        for (size_t a = 0; a &lt; (size_t)rawW; ++a) {
            double delta_rec = (double)((long long)a - (rawW / 2)) * step_d;
            double delta_imc = (double)((long long)b - (rawH / 2)) * step_d;
            uint32_t index = 0;    
            double delta_re = 0.0; 
            double delta_im = 0.0;
            double z_re = 0.0;     
            double z_im = 0.0;
            uint32_t i = 0;
            const ComplexDouble* ref_ptr = ref_orbit_double.data();
            while (i &lt; max_valid_ref_iter) {
                if ((z_re * z_re + z_im * z_im) &gt;= 40000.0) {
                    break;
                }
                if ((z_re * z_re + z_im * z_im) &lt; (delta_re * delta_re + delta_im * delta_im)) {
                    index = 0; 
                    delta_re = z_re;
                    delta_im = z_im;
                }
                for (int step = 0; step &lt; 2; ++step) {
                    double Ur = ref_ptr[index].re;
                    double Ui = ref_ptr[index].im;
                    double next_delta_im = 2.0 * Ur * delta_im + 2.0 * Ui * delta_re + 2.0 * delta_re * delta_im + delta_imc;
                    delta_re = 2.0 * Ur * delta_re - 2.0 * Ui * delta_im + delta_re * delta_re - delta_im * delta_im + delta_rec;
                    delta_im = next_delta_im;
                    index++;
                }
                z_re = ref_ptr[index].re + delta_re;
                z_im = ref_ptr[index].im + delta_im;
                i += 2; 
            }
            int final_t = 50000 - i;
            if (final_t == 0) {
                iterMap[b * (size_t)rawW + a] = 255;
            } else {
                iterMap[b * (size_t)rawW + a] = (uint8_t)(final_t % 254);
            }
        }
        if (++linesDone % 100 == 0) cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Progress: &quot; &lt;&lt; linesDone &lt;&lt; &quot;/&quot; &lt;&lt; rawH &lt;&lt; &quot;\r&quot; &lt;&lt; flush;
    }
    uint8_t pal[256][3];
    for (int a = 0; a &lt; 255; ++a) {
        pal[a][0] = (uint8_t)round(127.0 + 127.0 * cos(2.0 * PI * a / 255.0)); // Blue
        pal[a][1] = (uint8_t)round(127.0 + 127.0 * sin(2.0 * PI * a / 255.0)); // Green
        pal[a][2] = (uint8_t)round(127.0 + 127.0 * sin(2.0 * PI * a / 255.0)); // Red
    }
    pal[255][0] = 255; pal[255][1] = 255; pal[255][2] = 255;
    cout &lt;&lt; &quot;\nStep 2: Rendering frames...&quot; &lt;&lt; endl;
    int rowSize = (targetW * 3 + 3) &amp; ~3;
    for (int frame = 0; frame &lt; 255; ++frame) {
        vector&lt;uint8_t&gt; frameData(rowSize * targetH);        
        #pragma omp parallel for schedule(static)
        for (int y = 0; y &lt; targetH; ++y) {
            for (int x = 0; x &lt; targetW; ++x) {
                uint32_t rSum = 0, gSum = 0, bSum = 0;
                  for (int j = 0; j &lt; scale; ++j) {
                    size_t mapRowIdx = (size_t)(y * scale + j) * rawW;
                      for (int i = 0; i &lt; scale; ++i) {
                        uint8_t t = iterMap[mapRowIdx + (x * scale + i)];
                        int colorIdx;
                        if (t == 255) {
                            colorIdx = 255;
                        } else {
                            colorIdx = (t - frame + 255) % 255;
                        }
                        bSum += pal[colorIdx][0];
                        gSum += pal[colorIdx][1];
                        rSum += pal[colorIdx][2];
                    }
                }                
                int outIdx = y * rowSize + x * 3;
                frameData[outIdx + 0] = (uint8_t)(bSum &gt;&gt; 6);
                frameData[outIdx + 1] = (uint8_t)(gSum &gt;&gt; 6);
                frameData[outIdx + 2] = (uint8_t)(rSum &gt;&gt; 6);
            }
        }
        string filename = &quot;Mandelbrot&quot; + to_string(1000 + frame).substr(1) + &quot;.bmp&quot;;
        save_bmp(filename, frameData, targetW, targetH);
        cout &lt;&lt; &quot;Frame &quot; &lt;&lt; frame &lt;&lt; &quot;/254 saved.   \r&quot; &lt;&lt; flush;
    }
    return 0;
}
&lt;/syntaxhighlight&gt;

== Rendered Examples ==
&lt;gallery mode=&quot;packed&quot; heights=&quot;200&quot;&gt;
File:Mandelbrot Set Image 107.png|Mandelbrot set fragment using perturbation theory. Final resolution 10,000 x 10,000 pixels.
File:Mandelbrot Set Image 108.png|Mandelbrot set fragment using perturbation theory. Final resolution 10,000 x 10,000 pixels.
File:Mandelbrot Set Image 109.png|Mandelbrot set fragment using perturbation theory. Final resolution 10,000 x 10,000 pixels.
File:Mandelbrot Set Image 110.png|Mandelbrot set fragment using perturbation theory. Final resolution 10,000 x 10,000 pixels.
&lt;/gallery&gt;

== External Links ==
* [https://github.com/Divetoxx/Mandelbrot Official Mandelbrot CLI Repository on GitHub] — source code, documentation, and pre-compiled releases.
* [https://rosettacode.org/wiki/Mandelbrot_set#Perturbation_Theory C++ Perturbation Theory Optimization] showcased in the global algorithm repository on Rosetta Code.


[[Category:Book:Fractals]]</text>
      <sha1>nnpjkallri94mzsw3q8ltm0j1a2nlsh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taiwan history/About Taiwan History</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484110</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641979</id>
      <parentid>4641694</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T07:42:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641979</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="697" sha1="nhybxsz9wlkxh3tn3gz2jh9vz5x8mv1" xml:space="preserve">[[file:Taiwan NASA Terra MODIS 23791.jpg|thumb|Taiwan]]
'''Taiwan'''(Traditional Chinese:台灣),is a country with a complex history. It is a rich mosaic shaped by its Indigenous roots, successive waves of colonization, and a modern transformation into a thriving democracy and global technological powerhouse. Learning the Taiwan history can help you understand more about the Taiwanese culture. This book will introduce all of the Taiwanese history, from Prehistorical Era to the Modern day Taiwan. Have fun!

'''Note:''' Not to be confused with ''History of Republic of China'', which is the government in Taiwan, started in 1912 in mainland China, and retreated to Taiwan in 1949.

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>nhybxsz9wlkxh3tn3gz2jh9vz5x8mv1</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taiwan history/Historical Maps of Taiwan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484112</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641978</id>
      <parentid>4641781</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T07:34:00Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641978</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="4383" sha1="bl2iyjtly69a056fzdg723htu2s1q8f" xml:space="preserve">This page presents maps related to the history of Taiwan for the reader's reference.
==Prehistorical Era==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 240
 | image1    = Late Neolithic Taiwan.svg
 | caption1  = Prehistorical cultures in Taiwan
 | image2    = Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific (per Benton et al, 2012, adapted from Bellwood, 2011).png
 | caption2  = Chronological dispersal of Austronesian people across the Pacific
}}

{{-}}

==Early Taiwan==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 240
 | image1    = Dutch and Spanish Taiwan en.svg
 | caption1  = Dutch and Spanish Taiwan
}}

{{-}}

===Dutch Taiwan===
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1626年西班牙人所繪荷蘭人在福爾摩沙(大員-臺灣)台江內海一帶之活動 Spanish Drawing about Dutch Activities around Tayouan of Formosa-Taiwan.jpg
 | caption1  = 1626, a Spanish in the Philipines, Pedro de Vera, drew the &quot;Description of the Harbour of the Dutch on the Island of Formosa&quot; based on &lt;The Salvador Díaz Report&gt;.
 | image2    = 1640 Map of Formosa-Taiwan by Dutch 荷蘭人所繪福爾摩沙-臺灣.jpg
 | caption2  = &quot;Penghu Island and Formosa Islands&quot; by Dutch painter Johann Finpoun, painted around 1640.
 | image3    = Dutch Tamsui Map 1654.png
 | caption3  = A Dutch map of Tamshui, painted in 1654
 | image4    = Atlas Blaeu-Van der Hem - Taioan.jpg
 | caption4  = &quot;Atlas Blaeu-Van der Hem - Taioan&quot;
 | image5    = 1662 Map of Formosa (Taiwan) and Surrounding Countries by Dutch Frederik de Wit 荷蘭人所繪福爾摩沙臺灣.jpeg
 | caption5  = Dutch map of Formosa in 1662
}}

{{-}}

===Spanish Taiwan===
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1626 Map of Keelung and Tamsui Harbor, Formosa-Taiwan by Spanish 西班牙人所繪福爾摩沙基隆港與淡水港.png
 | caption1  = 1626 Map of Keelung and Tamsui Harbor
}}

{{-}}

==Tungning Kingdom==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = Kingdom of Tungning.svg
 | caption1  = Kingdom of Tungning
 | image2    = Tungning Kingdom in Kunyu Wanguo Quantu.jpg
 | caption2  = Japanese 1708 version of the colored world map, which had the word &quot;Tungning&quot; on it.
 | image3    = Administrative division of Kingdom of Tungning.jpg
 | caption3  = Administrative division of Kingdom of Tungning
}}

{{-}}

==Qing rule==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1685 Taiwan.svg
 | caption1  = 1685 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image2    = 1734 Taiwan.svg
 | caption2  = 1734 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image3    = 1735年法國人所繪臺灣地圖 Map of Government-controlled Taiwan - Formosa by French.jpg
 | caption3  = Map of Government-controlled Taiwan - Formosa by French
 | image4    = 1875 Taiwan.svg
 | caption4  = 1875 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image5    = 清光緒會典臺灣全圖.jpg
 | caption5  = Qing map of Taiwan
 | image6    = 1894 Taiwan.svg
 | caption6  = 189 Taiwan's Administrative division
}}

{{-}}

==Japanese rule==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 200
 | image1    = 1896 map of Taiwan.png
 | caption1  = 1896 map of Taiwan
 | image2    = 1897 Taiwan.svg
 | caption2  = 1897 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image3    = Map of Taiwan 1901.jpg
 | caption3  = 1901 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image4    = 1901 Taiwan.svg
 | caption4  = 1901 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image5    = 1909 Taiwan.svg
 | caption5  = 1909 Taiwan's Administrative division
 | image6    = Taiwan Japan lv2.svg
 | caption6  = {{legend|#f5c3c4|{{lang|ja|市}} (city)}}
 | image7    = 1940 map of Taiwan.jpg
 | caption7  = 1940 map of Taiwan
{{legend|#e3edc3|{{lang|ja|郡}} (county)}}
{{legend|#ceb2cd|{{lang|ja|支廳}} (branch office)}}
}}

{{-}}

{{Wide image|taiwan daily news taiwan map.jpg|2000px|(1928),a Taiwan map for tourist painted by Japanese|100%|center|alt=(1928),a Taiwan map for tourist painted by Japanese}}

==After WW2==
{{multiple image
 | align     = left
 | width     = 250
 | image1    = 1950 map of Taiwan railway.jpg
 | caption1  = 1950 map of Taiwan railway
 | image2    = Third Taiwan Strait Crisis map.png
 | caption2  = Third Taiwan Strait Crisis map
 | image3    = Fourth Taiwan Strait Crisis map.png
 | caption3  = Fourth Taiwan Strait Crisis map
}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>bl2iyjtly69a056fzdg723htu2s1q8f</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taiwan history/The Dutch and Spanish rule</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484120</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641838</id>
      <parentid>4641800</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:11:21Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
      <origin>4641838</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1471" sha1="31yn3tj2ct4zu7ip10w4b5oiuqv2euq" xml:space="preserve">With the Age of Discovery, European countries flocked to East Asia to trade and establish colonies. In the 17th century, various colonial powers vied for colonies in the Far East, and Taiwan became a target of their competition. During this period, the Netherlands and Spain respectively colonized Taiwan, marking the beginning of Taiwan's recorded history.
==Discovery==
The first European country to discover Taiwan is Portugal. In 1543, when a Portuguese ships passed through the Taiwan Strait, the crew accidentally spotted the island and exclaimed &quot;Ilha Formosa!&quot; (Portuguese for &quot;Beautiful Island&quot;), thus giving Taiwan its name &quot;'''Formosa'''&quot;. Although the Portuguese were the first to arrive in Taiwan, they only engaged in small-scale trade with the indigenous people and had no intention of colonizing it.
[[File:Dutch and Spanish Taiwan en.svg|thumb|Dutch and Spanish Formosa]]
[[File:1640 Map of Formosa-Taiwan by Dutch 荷蘭人所繪福爾摩沙-臺灣.jpg|thumb|Taiwan map painted by Dutch]]
==Dutch and Spanish rule==
The Dutch were the first country to colonize Taiwan. The Dutch ruled parts of southern Taiwan. They built a fort, called &quot;Fort Zeelandia&quot; in Taioan (now Tainan) in the year 1624. The Spanish also colonized northern Taiwan in 1626 , including parts of Taipei and Yilan. However, they were conquered by the Dutch in 1642, so they no longer ruled the island.

==Regimes==
*Dutch Formosa (1624-1662)
*Spanish Formosa (1626-1642)

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>31yn3tj2ct4zu7ip10w4b5oiuqv2euq</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 11/Stroke Order</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484121</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641837</id>
      <parentid>4641784</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:11:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
      <origin>4641837</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="452" sha1="2wm0gyrb23xm7047x8pmphf7hvfclnh" xml:space="preserve">==台==
[[file:台-bw.png]]
==''臺''==
[[file:臺-bw.png]]
==海==
[[file:海-bw.png]]
==岛==
[[file:岛-bw.png]]
==島==
[[file:島-bw.png]]
==南==
[[file:南-bw.png]]
==产==
[[file:产-bw.png]]
==''產''==
[[file:產-bw.png]]
==鲜==
[[file:鲜-bw.png]]
==''鮮''==
[[file:鮮-bw.png]]
==丽==
[[file:丽-bw.png]]
==''麗''==
[[file:麗-bw.png]]
==''風''==
[[file:風-bw.png]]
==风==
[[file:风-bw.png]]
==景==
[[file:景-bw.png]]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>2wm0gyrb23xm7047x8pmphf7hvfclnh</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Atomic Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...f6/2. Nc3/2...Nh6/3. g4/3...c6/4. d4</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484123</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641830</id>
      <parentid>4641798</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:08:59Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
      <origin>4641830</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="700" sha1="7895688mwf1aqejidoe3aeohyyte9cx" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess diagram
| tright
| 1. Nf3 f6 2. Nc3 Nh6 3. g4 c6 4. d4
|=

|rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|  |rd
|pd|pd|  |pd|pd|  |pd|pd
|  |  |pd|  |  |pd|  |nd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |pl|  |  |pl|  
|  |  |nl|  |  |nl|  |  
|pl|pl|pl|  |pl|pl|  |pl
|rl|  |bl|ql|kl|bl|  |rl
| main move
}}
== 4. d4 ==
this is main move. this move open bishop and take more space.
=== Black responses ===
* '''4...e6''' - main move
* '''4...e5'''
* '''4...d6'''
* '''4...d5??''' - lose immediately after '''5. Ne5! fe 6. Nb5! cb 7. d4!
* '''4...g6'''
* '''4...b5??''' - lose immediately after '''5. Ng5! Nxg4 6. Bh6! gxh6 7. Bh3! e6 8. Rg1!'''
* '''4...Nxg4??''' - lose immediately after '''5. Bh6! gh 6. Rg1!'''

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>7895688mwf1aqejidoe3aeohyyte9cx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Atomic Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...f6/2. Nc3/2...Nh6/3. g4/3...c6/4. d4/4...e6</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484124</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641829</id>
      <parentid>4641803</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:08:57Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
      <origin>4641829</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="633" sha1="4hvp22jfmgn33lchw6ha98rlowoli0p" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess diagram
| tright
| 1. Nf3 f6 2. Nc3 Nh6 3. g4 c6 4. d4 e6
|=

|rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|  |rd
|pd|pd|  |pd|  |  |pd|pd
|  |  |pd|  |pd|pd|  |nd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |pl|  |  |pl|  
|  |  |nl|  |  |nl|  |  
|pl|pl|pl|  |pl|pl|  |pl
|rl|  |bl|ql|kl|bl|  |rl
| main move
}}
== 4...e6 ==
this is main move. this move open bishop and potentially open the queen (f5 ideas).
=== White responses ===
* '''5. e4''' - main move
* '''5. Ng5'''
* '''5. h4'''
* '''5. Rg1'''
* '''5. d5'''
* '''5. Nh4'''
* '''5. e3'''
* '''5. Bg2'''
* '''5. h3'''
* '''5. Nb5'''
* '''5. b4'''
* '''5. Ne5'''
* '''5. a3'''
* '''5. Qd3'''

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>4hvp22jfmgn33lchw6ha98rlowoli0p</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taiwan history/Kingdom of Tungning</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484126</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641828</id>
      <parentid>4641807</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:08:52Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
      <origin>4641828</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="415" sha1="1ojf27uklfki41776031jaa65ypeczc" xml:space="preserve">While the Dutch successfully colonized Taiwan, across the Taiwan strait, China (Ming dynasty) is loosing battles to the Manchu in the north. The last Ming government was moved to the south. One Ming general, Koxinga (also known as &quot;Zeng Chenggong&quot;) , effectively resisted the Qing conquest of China in the 17th century. In 1661, Koxinga invaded Taiwan, ended the Era of Dutch rule.
==Culture==
{{stub}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>1ojf27uklfki41776031jaa65ypeczc</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641878</id>
      <parentid>4641828</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T14:09:06Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added flag</comment>
      <origin>4641878</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="478" sha1="ezzfok49e6nzovp184pjxpj01tmrdsp" xml:space="preserve">While the Dutch successfully colonized Taiwan, across the Taiwan strait, China (Ming dynasty) is loosing battles to the Manchu in the north. The last Ming government was moved to the south. One Ming general, Koxinga (also known as &quot;Zeng Chenggong&quot;) , effectively resisted the Qing conquest of China in the 17th century. In 1661, Koxinga invaded Taiwan, ended the Era of Dutch rule.
[[File:Flag of Ming Cheng.svg|thumb|Flag of Tungning Kingdom]]
==Culture==
{{stub}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ezzfok49e6nzovp184pjxpj01tmrdsp</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641881</id>
      <parentid>4641878</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T14:38:45Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641881</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="695" sha1="r7xbwx3ffr5ijv1rx2swxn49puzr3ch" xml:space="preserve">While the Dutch successfully colonized Taiwan, across the Taiwan strait, China (Ming dynasty) is loosing battles to the Manchu in the north. The last Ming government was moved to the south. One Ming general, Koxinga (also known as &quot;Zeng Chenggong&quot;) , effectively resisted the Qing conquest of China in the 17th century. In 1661, Koxinga invaded Taiwan, ended the Era of Dutch rule.
[[File:Flag of Ming Cheng.svg|thumb|Flag of Tungning Kingdom]]
==Culture==
Koxinga introduced Chinese culture and religion to Taiwan. During the Tungning kingdom era, Koxinga built schools in Taiwan.
[[File:臺南孔子廟 大成坊.JPG|thumb|First school in Taiwan, now a Confucian Temple]]
{{stub}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>r7xbwx3ffr5ijv1rx2swxn49puzr3ch</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641955</id>
      <parentid>4641881</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T02:20:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641955</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="791" sha1="pvivwe4hqwb6si2nmwe5dzscp5iqkzd" xml:space="preserve">While the Dutch successfully colonized Taiwan, across the Taiwan strait, China (Ming dynasty) is loosing battles to the Manchu in the north. The last Ming government was moved to the south. One Ming general, Koxinga (also known as &quot;Zeng Chenggong&quot;) , effectively resisted the Qing conquest of China in the 17th century. In 1661, Koxinga invaded Taiwan, ended the Era of Dutch rule.
[[File:Flag of Ming Cheng.svg|thumb|Flag of Tungning Kingdom]]
==Culture==
Koxinga introduced Chinese culture and religion to Taiwan. During the Tungning kingdom era, Koxinga built schools in Taiwan.
==Fall of Tungning==
A Qing general, Shi Lang, conquered Taiwan and ended the Tungning Kingdom.
[[File:臺南孔子廟 大成坊.JPG|thumb|First school in Taiwan, now a Confucian Temple]]
{{stub}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>pvivwe4hqwb6si2nmwe5dzscp5iqkzd</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641956</id>
      <parentid>4641955</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T02:23:58Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Fall of Tungning */</comment>
      <origin>4641956</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="799" sha1="lwvtbl529cgrppevzwrthsu28nwbln3" xml:space="preserve">While the Dutch successfully colonized Taiwan, across the Taiwan strait, China (Ming dynasty) is loosing battles to the Manchu in the north. The last Ming government was moved to the south. One Ming general, Koxinga (also known as &quot;Zeng Chenggong&quot;) , effectively resisted the Qing conquest of China in the 17th century. In 1661, Koxinga invaded Taiwan, ended the Era of Dutch rule.
[[File:Flag of Ming Cheng.svg|thumb|Flag of Tungning Kingdom]]
==Culture==
Koxinga introduced Chinese culture and religion to Taiwan. During the Tungning kingdom era, Koxinga built schools in Taiwan.
==Fall of Tungning==
A Qing general, Shi Lang, conquered Taiwan and ended the Tungning Kingdom in 1683.
[[File:臺南孔子廟 大成坊.JPG|thumb|First school in Taiwan, now a Confucian Temple]]
{{stub}}

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>lwvtbl529cgrppevzwrthsu28nwbln3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 7/Stroke Order</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484127</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641816</id>
      <parentid>4641815</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:00:08Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>added the wrong word from wrong lesson</comment>
      <origin>4641816</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="116" sha1="rsdgq498af0zoz2u8lm48yzgn4g0k0g" xml:space="preserve">== Stroke orders  ==
*王:[[Image:王-bw.png|250px]]
*明:[[Image:明-bw.png|450px]]
*李:[[Image:李-bw.png|400px]]</text>
      <sha1>rsdgq498af0zoz2u8lm48yzgn4g0k0g</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641827</id>
      <parentid>4641816</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:08:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
      <origin>4641827</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="129" sha1="1p054940px4b7xa1xx2n2z3cdfyc4in" xml:space="preserve">== Stroke orders  ==
*王:[[Image:王-bw.png|250px]]
*明:[[Image:明-bw.png|450px]]
*李:[[Image:李-bw.png|400px]]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>1p054940px4b7xa1xx2n2z3cdfyc4in</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641848</id>
      <parentid>4641827</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:17:32Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641848</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="288" sha1="tsqjgvr0jb6d2wgsiuo569gr6qe1jbl" xml:space="preserve">== Stroke orders  ==
*王:[[Image:王-bw.png|250px]]
*明:[[Image:明-bw.png|450px]]
*李:[[Image:李-bw.png|400px]]
*字:[[Image:字-bw.png|400px]]
*典:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
*人:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
*作:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
*家:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>tsqjgvr0jb6d2wgsiuo569gr6qe1jbl</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641849</id>
      <parentid>4641848</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:17:56Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641849</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="288" sha1="ncy9sgbe64c422ijpw8r0yn58flp9al" xml:space="preserve">== Stroke orders  ==
*王:[[Image:王-bw.png|250px]]
*明:[[Image:明-bw.png|450px]]
*李:[[Image:李-bw.png|400px]]
*字:[[Image:字-bw.png|400px]]
*典:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
*人:[[Image:人-bw.png|400px]]
*作:[[Image:作-bw.png|400px]]
*家:[[Image:家-bw.png|400px]]
{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>ncy9sgbe64c422ijpw8r0yn58flp9al</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 8/Stroke Order</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484128</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641817</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:00:37Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;==stroke order== *字:[[Image:字-bw.png|400px]] *典:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]] *但:[[Image:但-bw.png|400px]] *是:[[Image:是-bw.png|400px]] *昨:[[Image:昨-bw.png|400px]] *天:[[Image:天-bw.png|400px]] *女:[[Image:女-bw.png|400px]] *朋:[[Image:朋-bw.png|400px]] *友:[[Image:友-bw.png|400px]] *名:[[Image:名-bw.png|400px]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4641817</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="336" sha1="icalgpsg3rt2f3zn5xf65g3ecv949vn" xml:space="preserve">==stroke order==
*字:[[Image:字-bw.png|400px]]
*典:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
*但:[[Image:但-bw.png|400px]]
*是:[[Image:是-bw.png|400px]]
*昨:[[Image:昨-bw.png|400px]]
*天:[[Image:天-bw.png|400px]]
*女:[[Image:女-bw.png|400px]]
*朋:[[Image:朋-bw.png|400px]]
*友:[[Image:友-bw.png|400px]]
*名:[[Image:名-bw.png|400px]]</text>
      <sha1>icalgpsg3rt2f3zn5xf65g3ecv949vn</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641826</id>
      <parentid>4641817</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:08:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
      <origin>4641826</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="349" sha1="tdkprtgugkgtz9br9xhb4o9e8hg5l1l" xml:space="preserve">==stroke order==
*字:[[Image:字-bw.png|400px]]
*典:[[Image:典-bw.png|400px]]
*但:[[Image:但-bw.png|400px]]
*是:[[Image:是-bw.png|400px]]
*昨:[[Image:昨-bw.png|400px]]
*天:[[Image:天-bw.png|400px]]
*女:[[Image:女-bw.png|400px]]
*朋:[[Image:朋-bw.png|400px]]
*友:[[Image:友-bw.png|400px]]
*名:[[Image:名-bw.png|400px]]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>tdkprtgugkgtz9br9xhb4o9e8hg5l1l</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641843</id>
      <parentid>4641826</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:15:02Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <origin>4641843</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="286" sha1="5iy5a9rmoy88ajz71jh8idtnwgoz2lr" xml:space="preserve">==stroke order==

*但:[[Image:但-bw.png|400px]]
*是:[[Image:是-bw.png|400px]]
*昨:[[Image:昨-bw.png|400px]]
*天:[[Image:天-bw.png|400px]]
*女:[[Image:女-bw.png|400px]]
*朋:[[Image:朋-bw.png|400px]]
*友:[[Image:友-bw.png|400px]]
*名:[[Image:名-bw.png|400px]]

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>5iy5a9rmoy88ajz71jh8idtnwgoz2lr</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:Amz.bizistech</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>484129</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641834</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:10:15Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Notifying author of speedy deletion nomination</comment>
      <origin>4641834</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="918" sha1="01e6q2x1ofnm4lz6s8vp7xef4fzmyfx" xml:space="preserve">
== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:User:Amz.bizistech]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it &lt;strong&gt;may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].&lt;/strong&gt; This means that it can be deleted at any time. The reason I provided was: &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Spam&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[User talk:Amz.bizistech|the page's talk page]] explaining why. &lt;strong&gt;If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! &lt;!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 12:10, 30 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>01e6q2x1ofnm4lz6s8vp7xef4fzmyfx</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Odia/Tools</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484130</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641865</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:30:50Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-37553-81</username>
        <id>3610994</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;htfjڭڭڭ&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4641865</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="10" sha1="15s5tfk9nc7m42qwwvh7h14gwehitjw" xml:space="preserve">htfjڭڭڭ</text>
      <sha1>15s5tfk9nc7m42qwwvh7h14gwehitjw</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641869</id>
      <parentid>4641865</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T13:06:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Marking for speedy deletion: Test page</comment>
      <origin>4641869</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="68" sha1="6e9rcmls5juy719devb8a9n1ecxdo68" xml:space="preserve">&lt;noinclude&gt;{{Delete|example=false|Test page}}&lt;/noinclude&gt;
htfjڭڭڭ</text>
      <sha1>6e9rcmls5juy719devb8a9n1ecxdo68</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 9/Exercises</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484131</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641866</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T12:33:47Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;==……在哪里？ / ……在哪裡？== Create the following sentences: *If you want to say &quot;Where is the toilet(厕所/廁所)?&quot;, you should say...? *If you want to say &quot;Where is the exit(出口)?&quot;, you should say...?&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4641866</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="222" sha1="tscywfmnq872l3ldz2f385qorj2e8se" xml:space="preserve">==……在哪里？ / ……在哪裡？==
Create the following sentences:
*If you want to say &quot;Where is the toilet(厕所/廁所)?&quot;, you should say...?
*If you want to say &quot;Where is the exit(出口)?&quot;, you should say...?</text>
      <sha1>tscywfmnq872l3ldz2f385qorj2e8se</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641868</id>
      <parentid>4641866</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T13:06:07Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <minor />
      <comment>Added {{[[Template:BookCat|BookCat]]}} using [[User:1234qwer1234qwer4/BookCat.js|BookCat.js]]</comment>
      <origin>4641868</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="235" sha1="mpaqrbvikaq3pvkslmyq79cb0wtbubm" xml:space="preserve">==……在哪里？ / ……在哪裡？==
Create the following sentences:
*If you want to say &quot;Where is the toilet(厕所/廁所)?&quot;, you should say...?
*If you want to say &quot;Where is the exit(出口)?&quot;, you should say...?

{{BookCat}}</text>
      <sha1>mpaqrbvikaq3pvkslmyq79cb0wtbubm</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User talk:~2026-37553-81</title>
    <ns>3</ns>
    <id>484132</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641870</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T13:06:24Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>MathXplore</username>
        <id>3097823</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Notifying author of speedy deletion nomination</comment>
      <origin>4641870</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="907" sha1="3y731sa39qbyx087awjz3gkeecd88w3" xml:space="preserve">
== I have added a tag to a page you created ==
Hi! I'm MathXplore, and I recently reviewed your page, [[:Odia/Tools]]. I have added a tag to the page, because it &lt;strong&gt;may meet the [[Wikibooks:Deletion policy#Speedy deletions|criteria for speedy deletion]].&lt;/strong&gt; This means that it can be deleted at any time. The reason I provided was: &lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Test page&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt; If you believe that your page should not be deleted, please post a message on [[Talk:Odia/Tools|the page's talk page]] explaining why. &lt;strong&gt;If your reasoning is convincing, your page may be saved.&lt;/strong&gt; If you have any questions or concerns, please [[User talk:MathXplore|let me know]]. Thank you! &lt;!-- Substituted from User:JJPMaster/CurateThisPage/authorMsg --&gt; [[User:MathXplore|MathXplore]] ([[User talk:MathXplore|discuss]] • [[Special:Contributions/MathXplore|contribs]]) 13:06, 30 June 2026 (UTC)</text>
      <sha1>3y731sa39qbyx087awjz3gkeecd88w3</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taiwan history/Han Chinese migration to Taiwan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484134</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641882</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T14:54:18Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;In modern Taiwan, the Han Chinese have become the largest ethnic group. However, the Han Chinese were not the first people on the island. So, how did they come to the island and become the largest ethnic group? Let's find out. ==Han Chinese in Penghu== During the Tang Dynasty, some of the Han Chinese migrated to Penghu. Afterwards, during the Song dynasty, the government began ruling the Penghu islands. ==Taiwan== ===Late Ming=== During the late Ming, pirates began using...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4641882</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1380" sha1="7dipt2jxep5nn6rt9z8d9w6e3jilq5o" xml:space="preserve">In modern Taiwan, the Han Chinese have become the largest ethnic group. However, the Han Chinese were not the first people on the island. So, how did they come to the island and become the largest ethnic group? Let's find out.
==Han Chinese in Penghu==
During the Tang Dynasty, some of the Han Chinese migrated to Penghu. Afterwards, during the Song dynasty, the government began ruling the Penghu islands.
==Taiwan==
===Late Ming===
During the late Ming, pirates began using Taiwan as a stronghold, so many Chinese migrated to the island. The pirate Yan Siqi led thousands of people from the Fujian region across to Taiwan, where they established a stronghold and cultivated the land; he is also known as the &quot;King Who Opened Up Taiwan.&quot; Subsequently, Fujian officials and figures such as Zheng Zhilong recruited large numbers of residents from Fujian and Guangdong to develop Taiwan, cultivate the land, and expand maritime trade.
===Qing period===
During this period, dense populations on the mainland and limited farmland drove waves of illegal, cross-strait migration. Han settlers continually expanded into western plains, which gradually displaced or assimilated the lowland Indigenous populations.
===After WW2===
After WW2, large amount of Mainlanders fled to Taiwan due to Republic of China retreat to Taiwan. These people are typically called 外省人 ''waishengren''.</text>
      <sha1>7dipt2jxep5nn6rt9z8d9w6e3jilq5o</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641952</id>
      <parentid>4641882</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T01:58:43Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Late Ming */</comment>
      <origin>4641952</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1392" sha1="ga65v54khpx3e8y4wpcy2i9c4lli96u" xml:space="preserve">In modern Taiwan, the Han Chinese have become the largest ethnic group. However, the Han Chinese were not the first people on the island. So, how did they come to the island and become the largest ethnic group? Let's find out.
==Han Chinese in Penghu==
During the Tang Dynasty, some of the Han Chinese migrated to Penghu. Afterwards, during the Song dynasty, the government began ruling the Penghu islands.
==Taiwan==
===Late Ming===
During the late Ming, pirates began using Taiwan as a stronghold, so many Chinese migrated to the island. The pirate Yan Siqi led thousands of people from the Fujian region across to Taiwan, where they established a stronghold and cultivated the land; he is also known as the &quot;King Who Opened Up Taiwan.(開台王)&quot; Subsequently, Fujian officials and figures such as Zheng Zhilong recruited large numbers of residents from Fujian and Guangdong to develop Taiwan, cultivate the land, and expand maritime trade.

===Qing period===
During this period, dense populations on the mainland and limited farmland drove waves of illegal, cross-strait migration. Han settlers continually expanded into western plains, which gradually displaced or assimilated the lowland Indigenous populations.
===After WW2===
After WW2, large amount of Mainlanders fled to Taiwan due to Republic of China retreat to Taiwan. These people are typically called 外省人 ''waishengren''.</text>
      <sha1>ga65v54khpx3e8y4wpcy2i9c4lli96u</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>History Books/Who Was Alexander the Great/Chapter 6</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484135</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641934</id>
      <timestamp>2026-06-30T22:22:11Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>~2026-22598-75</username>
        <id>3575788</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;==Chapter 6: King of Persia==  Darius had fled to Ecbatana. It was the only great city of the Persian Empire that was not in Alexander’s hands.  In the early summer of 330 BC, Alexander marched from Persepolis to Ecbatana. What did Darius do? He fled farther east. He decided to gather an army in what is now Afghanistan. He would make his last stand there, among the green valleys and snowy mountains.   Alexander did not give up the chase. The closer he got to Darius, th...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4641934</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1788" sha1="enuc5eccqbrbequsifr38da2oekk532" xml:space="preserve">==Chapter 6: King of Persia==

Darius had fled to Ecbatana. It was the only great city of the Persian Empire that was not in Alexander’s hands.

In the early summer of 330 BC, Alexander marched from Persepolis to Ecbatana. What did Darius do? He fled farther east. He decided to gather an army in what is now Afghanistan. He would make his last stand there, among the green valleys and snowy mountains. 

Alexander did not give up the chase. The closer he got to Darius, the more frightened the Persians became. In the end, the Persians killed their king. That was often the ancient Persian way with kings who failed at war. His cousin made himself king instead, but Alexander soon hunted him down and killed him.

It took Alexander more than two years to conquer Afghanistan. Afterward, many of his men expected to go home. Alexander had taken over the Persian Empire. Wasn’t that what he came for? The job was finished. The men grumbled, but Alexander made them keep going. He wanted to conquer more lands. He wanted to be the greatest conqueror in the world. 

Some of Alexander’s junior officers plotted to murder him. The son of Parmenion heard about the plot. His name was '''Philotas''' (say: Fil-OAT-as). He didn’t think the officers were serious, so he said nothing to Alexander. 

That was a mistake. Alexander found out about the plot. He also found out that Philotas knew about it. Why had Philotas said nothing? Alexander was convinced that Philotas must be one of the plotters.

The young man was tortured and killed. After that, Alexander believed he could not trust Parmenion, either. He had the old general killed as well. Most of Alexander’s senior officers thought that he was right to do this. But the ordinary soldiers didn’t understand. They disapproved.</text>
      <sha1>enuc5eccqbrbequsifr38da2oekk532</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Claude Code for Non-Coders</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484136</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641951</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T01:52:05Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>FaramarzKowsari</username>
        <id>3611130</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Infobox book | title = Claude Code for Non-Coders | author = [[Faramarz Kowsari]] }}  '''Claude Code for Non-Coders: A Practical Prompt-Driven Handbook for Building, Automating, Testing, and Shipping with Confidence''' is a book by [[Faramarz Kowsari]]. It serves as a practical guide for individuals without a technical programming background to leverage AI tools for software development, automation, and project deployment.   [[Category:Computing]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4641951</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="453" sha1="1ecrfudfo8asozczx6pt5wyjnkf6a0f" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book
| title = Claude Code for Non-Coders
| author = [[Faramarz Kowsari]]
}}

'''Claude Code for Non-Coders: A Practical Prompt-Driven Handbook for Building, Automating, Testing, and Shipping with Confidence''' is a book by [[Faramarz Kowsari]]. It serves as a practical guide for individuals without a technical programming background to leverage AI tools for software development, automation, and project deployment.


[[Category:Computing]]</text>
      <sha1>1ecrfudfo8asozczx6pt5wyjnkf6a0f</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641970</id>
      <parentid>4641951</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T07:00:19Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>FaramarzKowsari</username>
        <id>3611130</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Added content</comment>
      <origin>4641970</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="484" sha1="690o9yzke6tio5u8pbk5dqvmkc5gb8i" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book
| title = Claude Code for Non-Coders
| author = [[Faramarz Kowsari]]
}}

'''Claude Code for Non-Coders: A Practical Prompt-Driven Handbook for Building, Automating, Testing, and Shipping with Confidence''' is a book by [[Faramarz Kowsari]]. It serves as a practical guide for individuals without a technical programming background to leverage AI tools for software development, automation, and project deployment.

Google Books:
id=wDHbEQAAQBAJ


[[Category:Computing]]</text>
      <sha1>690o9yzke6tio5u8pbk5dqvmkc5gb8i</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641972</id>
      <parentid>4641970</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T07:11:04Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>FaramarzKowsari</username>
        <id>3611130</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ Added Reference</comment>
      <origin>4641972</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="817" sha1="9v8dncrof8rcc94sk7h8xb6iln314vf" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book
| title = Claude Code for Non-Coders
| author = [[Faramarz Kowsari]]
}}

'''Claude Code for Non-Coders: A Practical Prompt-Driven Handbook for Building, Automating, Testing, and Shipping with Confidence''' is a book by [[Faramarz Kowsari]]. It serves as a practical guide for individuals without a technical programming background to leverage AI tools for software development, automation, and project deployment.

Google Books:
id=wDHbEQAAQBAJ


[[Category:Computing]]
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | title=Do the Thing: Why Preparation Feels Like Progress—and How to Finally Act | last=Kowsari | first=Faramarz | date=2026 | publisher=Google Play | url=[https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=wDHbEQAAQBAJ](https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=wDHbEQAAQBAJ) | access-date=July 1, 2026 }}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>9v8dncrof8rcc94sk7h8xb6iln314vf</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641974</id>
      <parentid>4641972</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T07:13:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>FaramarzKowsari</username>
        <id>3611130</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */ Fixed text</comment>
      <origin>4641974</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="768" sha1="bu6bpn2trjoqddv4y940yv960j027de" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book
| title = Claude Code for Non-Coders
| author = [[Faramarz Kowsari]]
}}

'''Claude Code for Non-Coders: A Practical Prompt-Driven Handbook for Building, Automating, Testing, and Shipping with Confidence''' is a book by [[Faramarz Kowsari]]. It serves as a practical guide for individuals without a technical programming background to leverage AI tools for software development, automation, and project deployment.

Google Books:
id=wDHbEQAAQBAJ


[[Category:Computing]]
&lt;ref&gt;{{Cite book | title=Claude Code for Non-Coders| last=Kowsari | first=Faramarz | date=2026 | publisher=Google Play | url=[https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=wDHbEQAAQBAJ](https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=wDHbEQAAQBAJ) | access-date=July 1, 2026 }}&lt;/ref&gt;</text>
      <sha1>bu6bpn2trjoqddv4y940yv960j027de</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641976</id>
      <parentid>4641974</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T07:24:23Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>FaramarzKowsari</username>
        <id>3611130</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* */</comment>
      <origin>4641976</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="109" sha1="34dj7aymff8gc51e774ky640j9b69cj" xml:space="preserve">{{Infobox book
| title = Claude Code for Non-Coders
| author = [[Faramarz Kowsari]]
}}
[[Category:Computing]]</text>
      <sha1>34dj7aymff8gc51e774ky640j9b69cj</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641977</id>
      <parentid>4641976</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T07:26:01Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>FaramarzKowsari</username>
        <id>3611130</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Delete</comment>
      <origin>4641977</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="22" sha1="bgdf3aicjenzysmtrm8nlgv30q0z403" xml:space="preserve">[[Category:Computing]]</text>
      <sha1>bgdf3aicjenzysmtrm8nlgv30q0z403</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Taiwan history/Period of Passive Rule over Taiwan</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484137</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641957</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T02:41:40Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;==Keep or Abandon?== Most Qing officials, including Emperor Kangxi initially, viewed Taiwan as a worthless, disease-ridden island. However, general Shi Lang, the commander who conquered Taiwan, strongly opposed abandonment. He presented a memorial to the throne arguing that if the Qing abandoned Taiwan, Dutch colonists or maritime pirates would immediately reoccupy it. This would recreate a permanent naval threat right on China's doorstep. In the end, Qing annexed Taiwan...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4641957</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="589" sha1="lz7r3vfig3vma8weqt7dumyibcctlk7" xml:space="preserve">==Keep or Abandon?==
Most Qing officials, including Emperor Kangxi initially, viewed Taiwan as a worthless, disease-ridden island. However, general Shi Lang, the commander who conquered Taiwan, strongly opposed abandonment. He presented a memorial to the throne arguing that if the Qing abandoned Taiwan, Dutch colonists or maritime pirates would immediately reoccupy it. This would recreate a permanent naval threat right on China's doorstep. In the end, Qing annexed Taiwan, making it a part of the empire.
==Strict Immigration Bans==
==Closing Off the Mountains==
==Rebellion==
{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>lz7r3vfig3vma8weqt7dumyibcctlk7</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641969</id>
      <parentid>4641957</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T06:59:46Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Strict Immigration Bans */</comment>
      <origin>4641969</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="710" sha1="q5t45r0kkarqsu02ypaye5b74t3ky66" xml:space="preserve">==Keep or Abandon?==
Most Qing officials, including Emperor Kangxi initially, viewed Taiwan as a worthless, disease-ridden island. However, general Shi Lang, the commander who conquered Taiwan, strongly opposed abandonment. He presented a memorial to the throne arguing that if the Qing abandoned Taiwan, Dutch colonists or maritime pirates would immediately reoccupy it. This would recreate a permanent naval threat right on China's doorstep. In the end, Qing annexed Taiwan, making it a part of the empire.
==Strict Immigration Bans==
To prevent the Taiwan to become another pirate stronghold, there were strict immigration bans across the Taiwan strait.

==Closing Off the Mountains==
==Rebellion==
{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>q5t45r0kkarqsu02ypaye5b74t3ky66</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641971</id>
      <parentid>4641969</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T07:01:48Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Strict Immigration Bans */</comment>
      <origin>4641971</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="807" sha1="p0h60nfiqpz85u1e3a7tt2jnqtj9gnx" xml:space="preserve">==Keep or Abandon?==
Most Qing officials, including Emperor Kangxi initially, viewed Taiwan as a worthless, disease-ridden island. However, general Shi Lang, the commander who conquered Taiwan, strongly opposed abandonment. He presented a memorial to the throne arguing that if the Qing abandoned Taiwan, Dutch colonists or maritime pirates would immediately reoccupy it. This would recreate a permanent naval threat right on China's doorstep. In the end, Qing annexed Taiwan, making it a part of the empire.
==Strict Immigration Bans==
To prevent the Taiwan to become another pirate stronghold, there were strict immigration bans across the Taiwan strait. Despite of the ban, limited land in the mainland drove waves of illegal, cross-strait migration.

==Closing Off the Mountains==
==Rebellion==
{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>p0h60nfiqpz85u1e3a7tt2jnqtj9gnx</sha1>
    </revision>
    <revision>
      <id>4641973</id>
      <parentid>4641971</parentid>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T07:11:26Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>/* Closing Off the Mountains */</comment>
      <origin>4641973</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1265" sha1="nqrpz1yafubbdw7do4akhts22z7k2bu" xml:space="preserve">==Keep or Abandon?==
Most Qing officials, including Emperor Kangxi initially, viewed Taiwan as a worthless, disease-ridden island. However, general Shi Lang, the commander who conquered Taiwan, strongly opposed abandonment. He presented a memorial to the throne arguing that if the Qing abandoned Taiwan, Dutch colonists or maritime pirates would immediately reoccupy it. This would recreate a permanent naval threat right on China's doorstep. In the end, Qing annexed Taiwan, making it a part of the empire.
==Strict Immigration Bans==
To prevent the Taiwan to become another pirate stronghold, there were strict immigration bans across the Taiwan strait. Despite of the ban, limited land in the mainland drove waves of illegal, cross-strait migration.

==Closing Off the Mountains==
Following a massive Han uprising (the Zhu Yigui Incident in 1721), the Qing government implemented a policy to restrict Han migration to the mountains. The Qing established boundary lines along the western plains. They left the mountainous and eastern regions completely outside state control, viewing indigenous populations as being beyond the reach of Qing governance. However, the Han Chinese migrants continuously crossed the borders to cultivate land.

==Rebellion==
{{stub}}</text>
      <sha1>nqrpz1yafubbdw7do4akhts22z7k2bu</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 10/Stroke Order</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484138</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641960</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T05:08:14Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;==电== [[file:电-bw.png]] ==话== [[file:话-bw.png]] ==''電''== [[file:電-bw.png]] ==''話''== [[file:話-bw.png]] ==''媽''== [[file:媽-bw.png]] ==妈== [[file:妈-bw.png]] ==星== [[file:星-bw.png]] ==期== [[file:期-bw.png]] ==日== [[file:日-bw.png]] ==好== [[file:好-bw.png]] ==有== [[file:有-bw.png]] ==空== [[file:空-bw.png]] ==到== [[file:到-bw.png]] ==时== [[file:时-bw.png]] ==''時''== [[file:時-bw.png]] ==候== [[file:候-bw.png]] ==''見''==...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4641960</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="523" sha1="rp7v3ofg4b9jlkwmmi7nx0pt03a1j90" xml:space="preserve">==电==
[[file:电-bw.png]]
==话==
[[file:话-bw.png]]
==''電''==
[[file:電-bw.png]]
==''話''==
[[file:話-bw.png]]
==''媽''==
[[file:媽-bw.png]]
==妈==
[[file:妈-bw.png]]
==星==
[[file:星-bw.png]]
==期==
[[file:期-bw.png]]
==日==
[[file:日-bw.png]]
==好==
[[file:好-bw.png]]
==有==
[[file:有-bw.png]]
==空==
[[file:空-bw.png]]
==到==
[[file:到-bw.png]]
==时==
[[file:时-bw.png]]
==''時''==
[[file:時-bw.png]]
==候==
[[file:候-bw.png]]
==''見''==
[[file:見-bw.png]]
==见==
[[file:见-bw.png]]</text>
      <sha1>rp7v3ofg4b9jlkwmmi7nx0pt03a1j90</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Chinese (Mandarin)/Lesson 4/Stroke Order</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484139</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641961</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T05:12:22Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>一隻北極熊</username>
        <id>3609960</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;==比== [[File:比-bw.png]] ==在== [[File:在-bw.png]]&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4641961</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="55" sha1="63jglkmwldjb3chbk4gbdcqghl2s7hp" xml:space="preserve">==比==
[[File:比-bw.png]]
==在==
[[File:在-bw.png]]</text>
      <sha1>63jglkmwldjb3chbk4gbdcqghl2s7hp</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>User:4ManyAcers</title>
    <ns>2</ns>
    <id>484142</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641980</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T09:01:42Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>4ManyAcers</username>
        <id>3514036</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>just made it</comment>
      <origin>4641980</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="513" sha1="dyu9iclflv5qgxagktzlq0xwl30s7kd" xml:space="preserve">Kamusta! &lt;small&gt;''(or hello if you don't understand tagalog)''&lt;/small&gt;


I am:
*Filipino
*Bilingual (Tl, En)
*Currently residing in New Zealand
*Interested in:
**Astronomy
**Linguistics
**Chemistry
**&lt;small&gt;''what are they called uhhh''&lt;/small&gt; &quot;Constructed Universes&quot; &lt;small&gt;''ig''&lt;/small&gt;
**Simplicity '''''OR''''' Complexity. Whichever one I feel like.
**maybe a biiiit of art &amp; animation
*probably not going to edit much


&lt;small&gt;''can i add in some baybayin here 'cuz if yea then that would be cool''&lt;/small&gt;</text>
      <sha1>dyu9iclflv5qgxagktzlq0xwl30s7kd</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Atomic Chess Opening Theory/1. e3</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484143</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641986</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T10:59:09Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AtomicChess</username>
        <id>3609849</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Chess diagram | tright | 1. e3 |=  |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd |pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |  |pl|  |  |   |pl|pl|pl|pl|  |pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl | open bishop and queen }} == 1. e3 == this move open bishop and queen === Black responses === * '''1...e6!''' - main move * '''1...f5''' - Apastador defence * '''1...Nf6??''' - lose after '''2. Qf3!''' (treat mate maneuvers Bd3-Bg6 and N...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4641986</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="1190" sha1="b1svw5uryb6vmwlp4uodyc8poab0otg" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess diagram
| tright
| 1. e3
|=

|rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd
|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd|pd
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |pl|  |  |  
|pl|pl|pl|pl|  |pl|pl|pl
|rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl
| open bishop and queen
}}
== 1. e3 ==
this move open bishop and queen
=== Black responses ===
* '''1...e6!''' - main move
* '''1...f5''' - Apastador defence
* '''1...Nf6??''' - lose after '''2. Qf3!''' (treat mate maneuvers Bd3-Bg6 and Nh3-Ng5)
* '''1...d5?? ''' - lose after '''2. Qh5! g6 3. Qe5! Be6 4. Qxc7!'''
* '''1...e5??''' - lose after '''2. Qf3! Qf6 3. Nh3! Qf5 4. Ng5! f6 5. Bb5! c6 6. Nxh7!'''
* '''1...d6??''' - lose after '''2. Nc3 c6 3. Nd5 cxd5 4. Qh5 g6 5. Qb5+ Nc6 6. Qb6''' hook
* '''1...c6??''' - lose after '''2. Qh5! g6 3. Qe5! e6 4. Qc7!'''
* '''1...h5??''' - forced checkmate after '''2. Qf3 Nf6 3. Nh3 g5 4. Nxg5 f6 5. Qd5 d6 6. Qf7+ Kd7 7. Qxe7#'''
* '''1...g6??''' - forced checkmate after '''2. Qf3 Nf6 3. Nh3 d5 4. Ng5 Kd7 5. Ne6''' or '''5. Bb5+''' and mate in the next move
* '''1...g5??''' - forced checkmate after '''1. Qh5''' and mate (Qxf7#) in the next move
* other moves lead to forced checkmate via Qh5-Qd5 maneuver</text>
      <sha1>b1svw5uryb6vmwlp4uodyc8poab0otg</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
  <page>
    <title>Atomic Chess Opening Theory/1. e3/1...e6</title>
    <ns>0</ns>
    <id>484144</id>
    <revision>
      <id>4641990</id>
      <timestamp>2026-07-01T11:18:16Z</timestamp>
      <contributor>
        <username>AtomicChess</username>
        <id>3609849</id>
      </contributor>
      <comment>Created page with &quot;{{Chess diagram | tright | 1.e3 e6 |=  |rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd |pd|pd|pd|pd|  |pd|pd|pd |  |  |  |  |pd|  |  |   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |   |  |  |  |  |pl|  |  |   |pl|pl|pl|pl|  |pl|pl|pl |rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl | open bishop and Queen and preventing Qh5-Qd5 maneuver }} == 1...e6 - main move == this move open bishop and Queen and preventing Qh5-Qd5 maneuver === White responses === * '''2. Nf3''' - main move * '''2. Nh3 ''' * '''2. Nc3''' * '''2...&quot;</comment>
      <origin>4641990</origin>
      <model>wikitext</model>
      <format>text/x-wiki</format>
      <text bytes="646" sha1="nsglazej4ym6kumozgpwbp0mmx7125r" xml:space="preserve">{{Chess diagram
| tright
| 1.e3 e6
|=

|rd|nd|bd|qd|kd|bd|nd|rd
|pd|pd|pd|pd|  |pd|pd|pd
|  |  |  |  |pd|  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  
|  |  |  |  |pl|  |  |  
|pl|pl|pl|pl|  |pl|pl|pl
|rl|nl|bl|ql|kl|bl|nl|rl
| open bishop and Queen and preventing Qh5-Qd5 maneuver
}}
== 1...e6 - main move ==
this move open bishop and Queen and preventing Qh5-Qd5 maneuver
=== White responses ===
* '''2. Nf3''' - main move
* '''2. Nh3 '''
* '''2. Nc3'''
* '''2. Na3'''
* '''2. Qh5'''
* '''2. Qf3'''
* '''2. Qg4'''
* '''2. Bb5'''
* '''2. Bd3 '''
* '''2. b4''' - JSF's gambit
* '''2. f4 '''
* '''2. d4 '''
* '''2. h4'''
* '''2. f3'''</text>
      <sha1>nsglazej4ym6kumozgpwbp0mmx7125r</sha1>
    </revision>
  </page>
</mediawiki>